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VERBATIM REPORT OF THE CHARTIST TRIALS AT LANCASTER.
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<m THE PBODT3CERS OF "WEALTH, AXD ALL THOSE WHO LITE BY INDUSTBY ON THE LAND.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED , No . 4 , OP efe--¦ ¦ A VEBBAT 1 M KEPOBT OF THB BEC £ » T TRIALSTOF : FEAR&US O'CONNOR AND 58 OTHERS , AT LANCASTER , FOB RIOT , SEDITION , TUMULT , AND CONSPIRACY . rpHE above Work will be Pabligbed in Weokly Numbers of 64 Pages of Roykl Octavo , Edited by X FEARGUS O'CONNOR , Esq ., Barrister-at-Law , and to which will be added ; A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE CAUSES OF . THE DISTURBANCES OP AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER LAST , 1 With Notes upon tbe Trial ; also a Dedication to Baron ROLFE . A SPJiENDID POBTJ&AIT OF THE JUST ffUDGrlT WHO PRESIDED , WILL BE PRESENTED WITH THE LAST NUMBER ( GRATIS ) To those who have been Subscribers to tho Work . # The Portrait will be Executed with a view to its being placed as a Frontispiece , and when completed , which will be in about four Numbers ; the whole will make a valuable work . Price 7 d . a Number , in a wrapper . The Portrait gratia . \ Subscribers and Asents are requested to give their Orders to Clsate , 1 , Shoe Lane , Fleet Street , London ; Hbtwood , 60 , Oldham Street , Manchester ; and Hobsow , Northern ) Siar Offioe , Market Street , Leeds , s - . ; _ -- ¦ t -= ^" q " - ^ - ^ r —¦ ¦ —ii i ii Mil ¦ . _ . ijimiii . ' . .. ... '
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* ^^ B ^^ k - - ~^^^^ 9 1 ^^ h - ' H ^ h r ^ H j ^ w ~' . \ ^^ H - ^^^^ m' -1 H' ' ¦¦ ' : ^^^ f- ' ' fl ^ i i ^^ F ' •" ' i ^^ l I ^^ t ~ j ^~ ' X ^^ K-- ¦ ' jl ^^ B" i . ^ B ^^^^^^^^^^^^ kBik ^^^ P - / ^^ v ^ ^ l . ~ 'twK ~ ' ^ Br AND LEEDS GENERAL ADVERTISER . j
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3 li TbieoBj—There is nothing thai happen ^ j ^ B gb ever so wonderful or nnusuai , "which is nnna-: Ihe moment an event takes place it is natnral , tM nothing can be more ont of the common coarse of I jjjue , than thai * man -with money should have-on-^ iiiBf edpo ^ er ot « - the life , the liberty , and comforts rf » lvge portion of his fenowmen ; jet go it is in jjus our country , in those oar days « f crrillzition -ai impwreiBenk _
3 . m aster cannot -with impnnity take the life of his m&zBXih ** ** trne * De ^ t ^ ler ean ^ "without some jgagned « au 3 e , « onagn him to a prison ; but he can gjy , ihoB Ehalt not labour for me , nor ytt for any of Bj / prtfcrj * ' ' 7 * ^ &B ° t WQt , or 50 to gaol ^ ihieTiug . jfow , throughout ibe whole of the manufacturing jjisirjcts of England , sad reality has taught this les-« on to ttose who live hy labour , and who are liable to be disdiar ged upon a moment ' s npuce , and against jrhos z farther emplojmenilhe fiat of the destroyer goes forth -mth all tie force of an edict .
If job love your position and are satisfied Tvith tobt condition , throw down my letter Tfiih dis-OTstj bni if y © u * " weary of your fate , and are re * Sj iearoDB of a better , read on , and say whether $ e measure * I propose for yonr release from bondage and strriie dependency , are wise , and good , and jasble , jtejuember , aboTe all else , that I sm in nowise * o "be a p articipator in any benefit whieb may arise from the success of my plan ; ii is no more than an ^ roeriineat . I see -well-made mechanics either
SKeejfmg the streets , or parading them in groups , as Enters ; or skulking into shades from shame of twrerij ; « r flying to" * pest-house—a Hostile , for saeow * —1 « ee the best employed paraUzsd by the yrecarioEsaes of their teisure . To-day at work , tojnorrowuDhired and pauperised , without any fault of theirown . Iseefiiepoorstreel-sweeper looMngwiih ( g 2 aJjat ihe Deirly-inTentedstreet-sweeperand en-Tji ^ the horse thai has deposed hint . 1 look to ^ rfbei iffipro'emeDts , * nd in e&ch * nd all 1 reoogjiia a lash added to the whip "b y which the labourer jj j Trmshed .
jBeBero 8 > then , orBoi , my heart sickens at such sights , and my understanding tells me , that I am iosfld , sni erery man is called npon to risk life and personal comforts , and snbmit to odium , and taunt , jud perseent 5 tm , to destroy the growing monster . 33 > g general distress of the working classes is admitted upon all h * T"H while each has hb peculiar nostrum for fiieir relief , Mike is thb Laxd . I am aware that to talk about pigs , and potatoes , and cabbags , to men earning 7 s . or 85 . or 10 s- a-day , wonld be a rudeness . whOe they could buy them out of the
proceeds of their labour , and what more had they to do "ffiih them ! Bat now the time has -arrived when tohaTeihem yon must grow them by your labour for yo&zselT&s . Remember that a potato is milkt fcntier , cheese , pork , beef , mutton , eggs , lamb , poultry , wool , and fine doth ; because from the rude pottto , each and eTery one of those things ean be produced in a single season . Therefore , while you would attach all importance to money , which you cannot get to purchase them , do not despise even the po&fco , ' which you can grow , and by which you preserve them .
Always hear in mind tkat the great complaint of-TOETJBastersiSj that the artificial labour market is ' era-stocked , and that politicians look to yonr expatriatam as a remedy . This furnishes me with an irresistible argument infaTour of my plan , because ifcej both join in recommending the application of English labour to the land of foreign countries . ' TSTiy not then apply it to the land at home ? More especially when all the expence of transporta- ' Son would ba thereby eared , and which , if applied ) to Lome colonization , "would be more th&B amplfl , ? Brhile the anticipated benefit from an increased con- \ samptaon of manufactured articles would be rarely ' exceeded . 1 will tell yon th ^ reason—Because free < isbota- ^ wouJd very speedily iooi for its just share in J 4 hs vevernsietit of the eosniry . <
In somepreTionsletteron thecubjett of spade cnltit&tion I placed before yon a Jable ^ howing the profits iron one man ' s labour upon ten acres of ground . It may be you haye forgotten it , nor shall I tire job -mii repetition jnst nere , I feel that many whoneyersawa green field may say , What do 1 inow about farming V To those 1 wonld say , 11 "What did yon know afcont spinning , or Ehoenalmg , or cabinet making , or coat making , until jsa iad paJd a prenjinni , and spent seren years in lonihg the arJ , while the art of farming can be lamed from your neighbour , and may be practised ftr yourself without premium , or a seren years ' ssrmadeV
3 hi I go further j I say that 1 don't require any ma who 13 ignorant of the blessings of a home , and & « air , to leave the cellar and the fog—I merely fsni to open the wide door for al ] who desire to eiier ; and , by taking off the surplus , to remore 2 a crastoek from &e cellar to a good home , when EB ^ ibonr sh all hsTB been rendered more raluable lj less competition . 2 fow , that is my desire , Four acres being the amount which I propose isj gmiig to each labourer , 3 shall now proceed to iaarr it 3 capabilities ; not in the most beneficial "Sajjbai from practice and experiment . Hereafter IibB exhibit its real Talne when cultivated to the SreaeEt adTsntase ,
3 b . lniion , of Selby , in Yoitehire , a large iron fcKmder , sad a person most anxious in his desire to bfcittr the condition of the working classes , has Eade a practical experiment , of -which the following lEsjhe taken as an ontline . He rents three roodsi K three tjusricrs of an acre of ground , for -which be Pays £ i , cr at the late of £ b 6 s . 8 d . j > tr acre , Be iss iept a correct account of the profits , whieh I Tfould thank him to snbmit to you through the cohans of theSisr , while I gire just enough this T ^ eek to show the valne of labour -when applied to tod . TFhen Hr . Union commenced his operations , «» Hal had not more than two inches of surface ; le pjjd tie enormous rent in consequence of as-rslae from its being what is called town land , ¦** conTenient for a honseholdei . Its Talne as land
* o we erantry would not be more than fifteen ^ Bisp an acre , if so much . By the application ¦« labour , he has ghen this heretofore barren soil * surface of eighteen inches . And cow for there-^ » f his ocpmnient . Upon this three- ^ sartsrs * « i acre he 3 last year , fed two cows acd eight ^> besides a quantity of poultry , aEd had Tege-« Hea for his table . We will suppose the eight pigs 60 S 5 aai sas much as two cows , in order that we *« J ecae to something like a calculation of Talue . iiis ie as not
A ^ h culiiTated anything new the ?^ of ft three-quarters of an acre , a £ d he gives « s labourer three shillings a-day for eTery day ' s ^ * - There is no great art in growing cabbages , " ¦ Baps , ana iwratoes , nor is there much in throwing vil S C 0 W * ° ^ ' ' ^ g cer » selling her milk , g ^ ^ , or making cheese . LeaTing ont eTery-^ fe then , but the four cows , see what the profit ^ K eeu days' labour leares , for that is , I under-^ 4 fit e mmiber of days' work reouired for all t
«¦ iJiton ' s operanons np to the present time . U * & o peratire can now sell his labour for 153 . a EeeW Cons ^ himself a happy man ; and let us yjl this scale what it would be worth . "We ™**«> i suppose that Mr . Iinton ' s bad ground pos-^® * ay charm beyond that which labour can ^ Sfcieatt , and the following is the result upon J * qaarters of an acre . He feeds , or cDnld feed , co'bs . Snppose each cow to giye six quarts of * " ¦* at a meal f or the six summer months , at two-| ^ Pa quart , each cow produces £ 18 -ts . 's worth la i ^ and , to be under , take £ 3 -4 s . from the pro-^» of eat ]^ it leaTes profit upon the four cows . «» thirty daVB Ixbonr . si-nil ISa . rmi' fnr > i 5 b
^ uoi Trorfii more than < ei , the acre , or 15 s . for ^ ^ ttterB tif an acre . Now , four acres J 2 * r « ii the Fame way , -would leare , after de-] J ^ f- ^ * -. *«» tne aioTe moderate rate tfi 2 ^ nBtl 0 a - * Price , the sum of £ 300 per ^ ^ * whici £ 4 rent shonld he paid . ej ? jepb ' c may say , - Oj we are not all milk-£ ? £ » AOW could -we all fcid a market for milk , ^« cheea > V So I say , but I have selected ^ J ™ *» least profitable of all prodnce , aB an *« S vZ ?* * b 0 ni ' When a PPHed t 0 ^^ ' " «• The land aav be made to produce other
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things equally valuable , and all that can be required for the comfort of man . My immediate intention in making the experiment jnst now , is for the purpose of meeting , eombatting , and defeating the nnholy project of transporting the " surplus poor " to foreign regions , in order that they may become consumers of English mechanical productions abroad . If the project of Mr . Charles Buller and the Malthu-BianB shal ] once receive the countenance of
GoTernment , and backed , as it wonld assuredly be , by capitalists and owners of machinery , then would commence a new and vigouTons reign of terror ; then wpald the Poor Law system be presented in its true colours ; then would the prison beeome a place of refuge for ; he destitute ; and then would all and every means be used for the purpose of induoing , provoking , compelling , and forcing the industrious classes to transport themselves . 11 is with a view of meeing those new crusades that J have undertaken
to present to your minds , your own land in the shape , the form , and loveliness your own industry could confer upon it . It is in order to induce you to shake off the fangs , instead of abandoning the bed to them , that I thns lay myself open at once to the assaults of the landed proprietary of the country , and to employers who would still keep you in bondage , that they may buy your labour in Ibe cheapest market and sell its produce in the dearest In thns propounding the scheme for your
consideration , however , you are not for oae moment to suppose that in my most sanguine moments I anticipate from it more than the means of making your teeth water for your Charter , No , for if tO-m 01 TOW , by ehancc , or otherwise , you achieved the possession of 4 090 , 000 acres of land whereon to locate 1 , 600 , 000 heads of families , or 5 , 000 , 000 personB at five to a family , without the power of the Charter to preserve it , tyranny wonld watch the first fitting opportunity to dispossess too .
To show-you thai 1 am not extravagant in my notions , I may here explain the extent to which 1 hope to sneceed . I hope by a great exertion to see yon possessed of say 20 , l « 00 acres of land , or four acres each for 5 . 000 heads of families , making in the aggregate 25 , 000 dispersed over the face of the country , say in forty divisions , large and small , according to the sizs of the counties , and when the Great National Charter Association ia
re-organised , ( as I hope very shortly to see , ) I hope to be able to say to the tamely starring operatives of Manchester , Oldham , Leeds , or Huddersfield , go and see the free lakour market , and ask what they can getfor their labour in it , and then ask how you are to do likewise , and the answer will be , the Chabteb ; and then , hot not till then , vriU there be a cordial , a united , a powerful , an irresistible " STBr « L £ * ' for the achievement of the " People ' s CHxUTETt . "
As long as land bears the franchise , so long will its ewner keep it out of the retail market ; once stop it of that property and thentha plan , which I never hope to see more than experimental , will become general , ; then that which should else be done by societies , and which , after all , can be but seotiona } , will become national from very necessity . Crammed 03 the public mind has been to surfeiting , with the fallacies of free trade and the anticipations from transportation , we , as a grand
national movement party , must now b » prepared with our means of relief , and our arguments in their favour . Unless we can show the good and industrious why they should remain at home , they ¦ will be driven to savage climeB , to contend against the same savage system under which they have been destroyed ; but if we can convince them that system is the bug , and that to make home what home ought to be , is in their power , then will all M unite " u conspire" and combine ** to destroy or to mnzale the vermin .
The body , the only body by which the agitation for such a purpose can be , or ought to be carried ont , is the Chartist body under the name and designation ef the National Chartut Association ; and for that reason and for that purpose , I am more than ever anxious that each locality should be now thinking of the best means cf giving effect to my plan , or such other plan as shall be submitted to the body when digested in Conff -ence , so that on the whole it may be recommends , not as the plan of Jeargus O'Connor , but a 3 the plan founded upon the -best suggestions of all , who may be selected for this undertaking . It is to the producers of wealth alone that we must look for the means of making the experiment , and the experiment as the means of wedding the public mind more dearly to the Charter , as a further means of making it national .
Now , to show that I am not extravagant in my notions , and to prove that the plan is easy of accomplishment , let us see bow far it can be carried out . Suppose 20 , 000 acres of land at £ \ per acre , that wonld be ^ £ 20 , 000 a year rent , on lease , say of ninety-nine years . "We could , on payment of ilfl ^ OCO fine down the rent to £ i 5 , 000 or 103 . per acre ; 100 , 000 subscribers at 6 d . per week would , in one year , pay over £ 125 , 000 , leaving , afterpayment of £ 100 , 000 , a surplus of more than . £ -25 , 000 , and upon payment of £ 100 , 000 fine , £ 100 , 000 more
may be raised ; thus , at once , there would be a capital of £ 125 , 000 to set the thing in operation . Isdeed a very few benefit or trade societies could at ence start it and insure five per cent , for their capital , while the other funds might be appropriated to starting the colonists so as to give immediate effect to their undertaking . But of this , more in my next , in which 1 hope to be able to lay before you the whole machinery for working a district comprising 1000 acre ^ occupied hy 250 labourers and their families , and what applies to one district will , of course , apply to all .
I - have received a number of lettera upon the subject ail highly approTing of the project , and from which I select the following for publication : — " T > ejlb Sir , —The joy , theple&jmre , and the delight that 1 have felt this evening by reading in the northern Star the means you propose for the deliverance not only of the -white slaves in this , but of all the countries in the world , is enco that I cannot get words to express what I feeL May God Almighty spare yonr life a = d make you the happy instrument of being the 12 > er&tor and Bav 5 our of the human race , which I believe the plan you mean to propose , if followed up , will aEsuradly effect . " Until this evening , I bad no hope that the productire classes would evti get their freedom , politically or moral !? , but by violence .
" I will take in hand , or do the best I can to get 500 subscribers of sixpence and upwards per week , for the purpose of TnaVi-ng the "working classes proprietors of the land . Wishing you every Euccesa , " I am , dear Sir , " Yours Bincerely , "Jobs Hexbt . " 7 , Cherry Garden-street , Berinoudsey , loth April , 1843 " F . O'Connor , Esq-, Hammersmith . " Now , if a few others were to look as cheeringly upon the project as the writer of the above , the work would be speedily completed .
There is only one concluding observation which I deem necessary to make hsre } it ib this : —In the consideration of the subject let ^ it be borne in mind , -thai l ^ nd is the only raw material to which , individual labour can be successfully applied . That the single husbandman stands in no danger from competition , combination , or centralization . That come what will , be Ms produce cheap or dear , he cannot starve v nor will he depend for existence , comfort , 01 labour on the whim or the caprice of another . I am , your faithful Friend , Fkabgus O'Cokhob .
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Upp eb W jlzlby . —Mr . Butterley , of Halifax , will deliver a lecture at this place , on Sunday , Oo-morrow ) , at two o ' clock in the afternoon . Mr . Butterley , will also deliver a lecture in Swan Coppice , at six o ' clock in the evening .
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MiiNCETESTEB . A puttie meeting of the inhabitants of this Barough was held in the Carpenter * Hall , on Friday last , to take into consideration the conduct of Mr . Baron Gnr . ney , one of Her Majesty * Judges , during the trial of Wm . Jones , at Leicester Assizss , for sedition . The meeting was called for one o ' clock in the afternoon . On tae motion of Mr . D . Donavan , Mr . John Nattall was unanimously eaUed to' the chair . The CHA 1 JUU . N opened the business by reading the placard calling the meeting , after which he made a few appropriate remarks upon the circumstances which had called them together to perform a great public dnty , and concluded by calling upon Mr . Wm . Dixon , to move the first isolation .
Mr . DIXOK , on coming forward , was loudly cheered . He said , Mr . Chairman and Fellow-Townsmen , —Yon are called upon this day to perform a duty which you owe to yourselves and the public . He wonld much rather tbat the resolution which be had been called ¦ upon to move had been entrusted to the care of some ptrson more capable of doing justice to it than himself . It was a resolution in which he fully concurred , and in order that they might judge of its merits or demerits , he would read it before he made any comment . Resolved , " That we the people of Manchester , in public meeting assembled , do tender our best thanks to Fesrpus O'Connor . Esq ., James Leach , Christopher Doyle , and the other brave patriots who bo nobly defended themselves and the cause of Chartism , during the recent trials at Lancaster , and we hereby express our unabated confidence in them all , and our determination to co-operate with them in obtaining a redress of
the many grievances under which we are suffering , and Becnring a full measure of justice through the enactment of the People ' s Charter aa the law of our country . " ; He ( Mr . Dixon ) was confident that the resolution would meet with a hearty response from every lover of freedom . No man could be Ignorant of the fact that the cause of universal liberty had received an impetus unknown in the history of Chartism , by the conduct and general deportment of the defendants at Lancaster . He ( Mr . Dixon ) had had the honour of witnessing their conduct in Lancaster , and also the mighty change that took place in the public mind in Lancaster , concerning the Charter and the Chartists . Mr . D . then related Bsveral anecdotes relative to the various conversations whieb he had heard upon their first going to Lancaster , as to what the Chartists ought to be done with , and also the mighty change which took place in their opinion before the close of trials .
The resolution was seconded by Mr . Maksden , during -whose speech , the Rev . Wm . Hill entered the hall , when the entire audience rose simultaneously , turned round in their seats , and continued cheering , waving , of handkerchiefs , and manifesting every possible symptom of delight until the Rev . Gentleman had made bis way to the platform , and for several minutes afterwards . The speaker biiefly concluded by seconding the resolution , -which , on being put from the chair , -was carried by acclamation , and repeated rounds of applausa The Ciiaibjcan then introduced the Rev . W . V . Jackson to more the next resolution .
Mr . Jackson on rising , -was greeted with raptnrons applause . After the cheeiiDg bad subsided , the Rev . Gentleman spoke to the following effect- Tbe resolution wHch he held in his hand was one with which he agreed with his whole heart and soul . He ( Mr . Jackson ) considered that the conduct of Baron Gumey was not only highly improper , but unconstitutional in the extreme , during the trial of Mr . W . Jones at Leicester , and deserved the censure of every honest man . Of what -was Wm . Jones charged ? Why , sedition ]—the nature of which was the calling of the police unboiled , or raw ltbstera . Perhaps he ( Mr . Jackson ) had better beware what he said about the police , for when he was tried it was for endeavouring to bring the police force into disrepute . He did not call them on this occasion the unboiled . Bat , nevertheless , be believed them to be just What Wm . Jones had called them . He considered that Baron Gurney had acted unfairly to Mr .
Jones , by his frequent interruptions both during the cross-examination of the witnesses , and also when making his defence . Mr . Jones was sent six mouths to the felons' cell for speaking disrespectfully of the police , -whilst both Whigs vai Tories were allowed to make use of language a thousand times stronger , not only against the police when it suited their purpose , but also against the bishops , magistrates , her Majety'e ministers , and against the : Queen herself , and no notice was taken of them . The praying , canting Bailey might suggest the propriety of casting lots who should shoot Sir R . Feel , and go scot free , whilst poor Jones , bt cause he called the police by their proper name , must be treated in an unlawful manner by the Judge who tried him ; and , after suffering every indignity and insult at the hands of the modern Jeffries , most sof&r six months imprisonment into the bargain . The Rev . Gentleman concluded by reading the
resolution" That this meeting declares its entire and unqualified abhorrence of the conduct of Baron Gurney , upon the trial of William Jones at . Leicester , believing it to be unconstitutional ; and that a memorial be presented to her Majesty , signed by the Chairman , embodying the opinions of this meeting upon the above subject " Mr . C . Dotle rose , for the pnrpose of seconding the resolution , and was received with cheers . Mr . Doyle commenced by saying—Mr . Chairman , and , he might say , Brother Chartists , he felt great pleasure in seconding the resolution which had been so ably moved by the Rev . Gentleman who had just sat down . They all knew that he ( Mr . Doyle ) was a particular friend of those scamps that dare not show their faces in day light , dressed in their own s&ib . He had the most
profound respect for them I In fact , bis ( Mr . Doyle ' s ) respect for them was so great , that if he had the power , he would make them all honest men , by making them work for their living , instead of being , as they were at present , a burthen upon the public ; and if this was not respect tor them , he did not know what was . It -was always an act of kindness to make a rogue into an honest man . William Jones was an honest and industrious Chartist , and an intelligent one , too—one that was endeavouring to make mankind better in their social , and political , and domestic condition ; and , not like the scamps and vagabonds of policemen , who appeared against him on bia trial , who live but to produce misery and wretchedness amongst a starving and oppressed people . He ( Mr . Doyle 1 had told tbe judge and the jury at Lancaster that be
did not hold a very good opinion of those gentlemen in blue ; that he believed them to be unprincipled vagabonds , that would say or awear anything . In fact they ¦ were ready , at bH times , to take oaths by the hundred , and would swear that black was white , and tb : it blue was no colour . Why , tbe fact was just this , that Little-Finality Jack , backed by the Tories , found that there were a great many thieves in the country , and fearing that they would be failing fonl of their property , thought it best to make a provision for them by gathering them together all pver the country , and instead of calling them by their proper names , they gave them tho cognomen of—What ? Why , the Mural Police Force But notwithstanding Mb iMr . Doyle ' s ) abhorrence of tbe UHboiied , as Mr . Jonas called them—but he would not for the world call tfeem such ugly names—his disgust at tbe conduct of Mr . Baron Gumey was two-fold more
strong , for this reason , his standing in society led us to expect from him a diBerent . line of conduct than thst manifested on the trial of Jones . His ( Mr . Doyle ' s ) opinion of his conduct was thin , that ho bad disgraced the sacred office that he had been appointed to fill with justice and equity , and ought , therefore , never again be allowed to contaminate the judicial bench with his polluted perBon . And if the country did their duty they would Bend him after his twin brother , Judge Abinger , for in bis ( Mr . Dojla ' a ) opinion they were as near twins in iniquity as possible . He was sure that if there was anything wanting before , to convince the people that they would never have justice done to them nntil they had the power of appointing ail publio efficers , and holding them responsible to the
people for the manner in which they did their duty , the conduct of Judge Abinger at Chester and Liverpool , and now that of Gurney at Leicester , was sufficient to convince them of the necessity of uniting to obtain a full measure of justice for the -whole people . When they eould see every d&y that one party could say what they pleased , aye , and rob -when they thought proper , and no notice was taken of it : but if a Chartist even said anything that < ffended a poltroon of a policeman whom he was compelled to maintain , be must have ail the powers of a corrupt Government hounded upon him , and a partfzan Judge to annoy , and in an unjustifiable manner to interrupt him in defending himself , because ehance had not given him the means of employing counsel . He ( Mr . Doyle ) agreed with every
word of the resolution ; its language was just what it ought to be ; it was right the people should express their unqualified disgust at the conduct of any Judge that could bo far forget his duty 68 to oppress a man like Wm , Jones , becase he waa a poor man . If ( said Mr . Doyle ) it bad been Mr . Gisborne , or Finality Jack Hut had been on their trial , bow different would h » v « been the eondnot of Baron Gurney Wonld be hate Interrupted them ? No ; his language -would have been , — " Oh yes , yeu can , Bet up what line of defence you think proper ; you have a perfect right ; chose your own line of defending your - own case . '' Mr . Doyle concluded by a few more very pithy remarks , in -which tbe Corn Iortr Repealers came in for their full share of the benefit , and sat down by seconaiag the motion .
The Chairman then put the resolution to the meeting , and it was carried without a dissentient MlDixok rose for tbe purpose of moving a memorial to her Majesty ; and in doing so . be would fnot ocoupj
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- ^ * * - ¦ ; : any great length of their time , as there was a gentleman or two woo bad yet to address them . He would content himself with reading the memorial : — To Her Most Gracious Majesty , Ficloria , Queen oj Great Britain and Ireland . The Memorial of the Inhabitants of the Borough of Manchester , in publio meeting assembled , on Friday the 14 th of April , 1843 ,
Humbly Sheweth , —That William Jones , cordwainer , was arrested on a charge of using seditious language , at Leicester , on the 29 th of August , 1842 , and , after an examination before the Magistrates of Leicester , was held to ball , to appear and take bin trial at the ensuing asBizes held at Leicester . That on Friday , March 24 tb , 1843 , the aforesaid Williani Jones did to appear , and was arraigned before Mr . Baron Gurney , one of your Majesty's Judges , and pleaded not guilty , and , was consequently put upon his trial . ¦ That the said William Jones , being undefended by Council , was necessitated to conduct bis own defence .
That during tbe cioss-examinations by the said Wm . Jones , of the witnesses brought forward to substantiate the charge against him , he was repeatedly and shamefully interrupted by Mr . Baron Gurney , with a view , as your Memorialists firmly believe , of preventing the said William Jones from eliciting facts connected with tbe caBe , that would have a tendency to remove any pre-conceived prejudice existing in the minds of the jury against tke said William Jones . And your Memorialists further believe , that by these unjustifiable interruptions on the part of Baron Gurney , the said Wm . JoueB was materially injured , by being prevented from shewing to tbe satisfaction of tbe jury tbat those portions of the speech for which he was arraigned at the bar , were garbled and mutilated so as to serve the purpose ef tho Council for the prosecution .
That during the time the said Wm Jones Was addressing the Jury inhla defence he was frequently interrupted by Mr . Baron Gurney in an insulting , savage , and dictatorial tone , which was anything but creditable to the Learned Baron , and totally at variance with the true administration of justice and the spirit of the British Constitution . That your memorialists are of opinion that snoh unjust conduct as that evinced by Mr . Baron Garney is pre-eminently calculated to bring the judicial functions and the proceedings of what ought to be courts of justice and equity into disrepute , and ultimately into cootempt ' ' , -
That your memorialists are convinced that the said Wm . Jones has not had a fair and impartial trial , wing to his not being allowed to cross-examine tbe witnesses against him or follow that line of defence , be thought best calculated to disprove the crime of which he stood charged , and upon these grounds your memorialists believe that the verdict of Guilty returned against him by the Jury and tbe consigning him to prison for six months by the Judge , are both cruel and unjust . Tour memorialists , therefore , beseech your Majesty to exercise your royal prerogative , and give orders for the immediate liberation of the said William Jones ; and also that your Majesty would be graciously pleased to inflict such mark of your displeasure upon Mr . Baron Gurney , as will have a tendency to prevent him and others of your Majesty's Judges from making tht > Courts of Justice into mere perversions of that sacred
name . And your Memorialists will , as in duty bound , ever pray , &o . Mr . DIXON said he quite agreed with tbe memorial which he had read to them ; and , therefore , begged leave to move it Mr . J . Lane seconded the memorial in a nest speech . Tbe Rev . Mr . Bill was then introduced to support the memorial , when the immense audience again continued cheering in like style wiih that which greeted him on bis first entrance , for some miuutts . Mr . Hill spoke strongly in support of the memorial , denounced the conduct of Baron Gurney as un-English , unjust , tnd unconstitutional—as taking a mean advantage of the position be occupied for party purposes , instead of being , as he ought to be , the undefended prisoner ' s counsel .
Mr . Leach also spoke in support of the memorial , adducing several instances of petty local tyranny equally disgusting in character with the atrocity referred to by the memorial as evidence that the whole system of class domination generated a oneness ot practice among all its minions , which left no hope to the people bnt from its utter extinction . Mr . Leach was rapturously applauded on his appearance , and at tbe conclusion of hte speech . On the memorial being put to the meeting , it was carried unanimously . Mr . D . Donavan , in an able and talented speech , moved the following
resolution" That the besi thanks of this meeting be given to the Rev . Wm . Hill , fditor of the Northern Star , for the obliging manner in which be complied with tbe invitation to visit Manchester , at great inconvenience to himself . And we hereby express our entire confidence in him as a talented and able advocate of thoie sacred principles which , as Chartists , we believe can alone secure the happiness and prosperity ot all classes of tbe community . " » Mr . Lane briefly , but ably and cordially , seconded the motion , which on being put to the meeting , was carried with an enthusiasm which makes all effort at description vain .
Order bsing restored , Mr . Hill returned thorn his thanks for the compliment which the men of Manchester had that day given him , and he hoped that be would ever deserve their confidence , by steering a straightforward ceurse of principle . He would give them the same advice concerning himself that he always bad given them of others—that the moment they found him squinting across the path of principle , that they wonld send him to the right about . The Rev . Gentleman then addressed them for some time on their duties as Chartists , and sat down amid thundering rounds of applause . On the motion of Mt . Dixon , the thanks of the meeting were given to the chairman , and the meeting separated to make preparations for the tea party that was to take place in the Hall in the evening .
GRAND TEA PAHTY AND OTHER EN r BBTAINMENTS . A Chartist tea patty was held in the Carpenters ' Hall , Garret Road , Manchester , on Friday evening . Tke Chartiste of Manchester , ever willing to provide for tbe recreation and amusement of those parties who attend their Hall , knowing that Good Friday was a holiday , determined to give them a treat . They , therefore , announced by placard that they would have a tea party on that day . The announcement was responded to by the publio in that Bpirited manner which is always the case when the committee call upon their fellow townsmen for their assistance and support .
Tho placards announcing tae meeting stated that tea would be on the . table at half-past six o ' clock ; and in a few minutes , after that time , upwards of five hundred penona ' sat down to eDJoy ' the feast of * eafe » n and the flow of soul" by partaking together of tbe cap . which cheers but will not inebriate . A few minutes before seven o ' clock , the Rev . Wm . Hill , editor of the Northern Star , accompanied by , Mr . Hargraves , entered the Hall The people , notwithstanding they were discussing the good things of this life at tb . 9 time , all coee up from the tables , and greeted him with every mark of esteem and regard . Cheering , clapping of bands waving ot hats and handkerchiefs , and every demonstration of jc , y , which lasted for several minutes after Mr . Hill bad mounted tha platform , —the splendid , brass baud playing
Untitled Article
/ h + Ue ^ SA ^ Z ^ r JZ& that the tongue of e ' . oquetlsd might test upon lor five * , ' These ' were principles which , as a Christian minister , he was bound to support ; and , not only bo , bufcjhe was wedded to them , and nothing could withdraw him from their advocacy . No pecuniarr rsward that it was possible to give him would induce him to . write or speak for any otbSr principles than those which vfas laid down by tbe founder ef the Christian r&Mgion , who said ' / One is your Master , even Christ ,, and all ye
are brethren . "' He believed in the univawality of tho Christian religion , and ateo in the catholicity 6 f tha principles of democracyand train . Hei ; jftoo ^\ J&Bfor » them as one connected with the truth , and he blasted not for that avowal . The BeT . Gontleman retarnsd his thanks to the audieflee for the kind manner they had received him , and , iff a most impressive manner , urged upoa them the necessity of perseverance and energy in the great work of a nation ' s freedom , and sat down amid repeated rounds of applause .
The Rev . Mr . Hill then administered . the eolemn rite of baptism to the undermsationed infanta , viz . : — Feargua Thomas Clegg , infanS son of William and Mory Clegg . Mary Ann Frost Stainfleld , daughter of William Stainfleld . James FeaTgos Bennet , infant son of Thomas , and Sarah Bennet , of Pendleton . After twelve o'clock , the young people were allowed to commence dancing , which was kept up with great spirit , and tha greatest harmony , until fl-ve o'clock cat Saturday morning .
Cabpentebs Hail . —0 . 1 Sunday , the- Rev . Wm . Hill preached tbe anniversary sermons of the spening of tho above Hall for Chartist purposes . The afternoon discourse was founded upon tbat beautiful portion of holy writ found in the 15 th verse of the 13 th chapter of St . John ' s G ^« p « I , " For I have given you an example that ye should do as I have done . " The audienoe , which was numerous aud respectable , were delighted with the manner in which the Rsv . Gentlemen elucidated his subject , by contrasting the conduct ot professedChmtians with tke example of him they call-their Master . They Rev . Gantlemsin haying occupied » abort time upon this portion of his subject , proceeded to show the absurdity of the charge of infidelity being
attributed to the advocates of Chartism and aftar a masterly refutation of the base calumnies of its enemies and a triumphant defence of its principles , he concluded by making an appeal to his audienoe to contribute according to their means towards meeting the expenditure which must be very considerable for such a splendid hall as . this for the working men to meet in . This appeal was very liberally responded to , and a very handsome collection was mode . — - In tbe evening , the Hall was literally crammed in every part There could be na less than from four to five thousand persons assembled , and numbers had to go
away who could not procure admission . The Rsv . Gentleman ' s subject in the evening was , the Chartism of the Old Testament ; and was a masterly exposition of various texts of Scripture bearing upon the principles of Chartism . The discourse , whieh occupied nearly aubour and a half in the delivery , wa » listened to throughout with the most serious attention ^ Notwithstanding the crowded state of the Hall , and the almost intolerable heat arising therefrom , the collection was again very good . After the serviee was concluded , the R&v . Mr . Hill adjourned to one of tkn anti-rooms in connexion with tbe Hall , and baptised eight iufanta and an adult person .
The Chartist Painters of this town provided a good substantial dinner of good old English fate la honour of Mr . J . Leach , Christopher Doyle , and Thomas Railton . The dinner waa on the table at eight o'clock in tba' evening , when between forty and fifty of the Chirtist Paaters , with the above-named individuals , sat down . After the cloth waa removed , one of their own men was called to the chair , who said that they had opened * that room for a two-fold purpose , namely , to endeavaur to create a belter feeling amongst the painters generally ,- and , in tbe second place , to promulgate the glorious principles contained in tbat document , called the People ' s Charter . He hoped , therefore , that they would listen with attention to the gentlemen
that he should call upon in tbe course of the evening to address them . The * first toast for the evening was " The people , the source of all legitimate power . * Mr . Cooper responded to the sentiraenc in a neat and appropriate spet-ch . The chairman then gave " The Peopl e ' s Charter , and may it soon become the law of the land . Mr . James Leach , on rising to respond to this toast , was loudly applauded . Mr . Leach's speech did honour to the working classes of this country , and was a clear and concise exposition of that document , which , if made into a legislative enactment , would place in tha bauds of tbe people the power of amending thai * social and
political condition . Tbe chairman then gave the " Northern Star , and the whole of the democratic press . " Mr . Dixon responded . The chairman then gave " The health of the painters' friend , Mr . White , " of the Railway Inn , which was drunk with the usual honours , and was responded to by Dr . Hnlley . The chairman then said there was another gentleman tbat they ought net to overlook , although he was not present . He then gave " The health of Mr . Christopher l > oyle . " The toast was drunk with every mark of respect to their absent friend with loud applause . Mr . Dixon responded . Other toasts were given , aud the company separated at a late hour .
Halshaw Moor . —On Thursday evening last , Mr . Dixon , from Manchester , delivered a lecture in the National Charter Association Room in this place , being the first them has been here since the strike . After the lectnre , several questions- were asked , which Mr . Dixon answered to the entire satisfaction of the audience , WIGNTBOSE—Mr . Peddle , of Elinburgb , entertamed the lads of this place , with tbe history of his prison adventures on Good Friday .
GLASGOW . —At a meeting of the committes appointed by tb 9 directory of the Glasgow Chartist Association , to take measares for the liquidation of the debt due to Mr . George Ross , as General Treasurer of the Chartists of Scotland , it was unanimously resolved to engage a talented com pan y now in Glasgow to Visit the moat popJoua and patriotic districts throughout the country , aud give a correct representation of the trial of that distinguished gentleman , Robert E . nmett , Esq ., on a charge of high treason , at Dublin , in the year 1803 , the whole proceeds , after defraying expences , to be devoted ts the above purpose . Tbe committee would most earnestly solicit the co-operation of tbe various Associations ~ in this undertaking , by giving their
countenance aud support to the company on their arrival in each locality . The * ebt now sought to be cleared off , by this representation , is not that of G ' asgow alone , but Scotland generally , through the delegates assembled in Glasgow on three several occasions , and the generous individual who so kindly opened his private purse in support of our holy cause , has every claim , in point of right and justice , on all true lovers of democracy , when the treacherous Whigs siezed the defenders of the poor , and crowded the dungeons of England with tier best and bravest sons , when the peaceable , legal , and constitutional meetings of the people were dispersed at the poiut of the bayonet—when our exchequer was low , and to be a Chartist was the well known signal for the ribaldry , tyranny , and persecution of all the imbecile factions , who live and fatten on our industry , Georgs Ross was at his post , presiding over tbe assembled
thousands of his fellow cWaens upon all occasions when called on—giving bis money to the Central Committee , and for the support of our newspapers and periodicals . The following ore the towns proposed to be visited , before which an official letter , signed by our chairman , Mr . Tnomaa Aucott , aud our Secretary , Mr . Wm . Browu , will be transmitted to the respective committees : —Hamilton , Airdie , Campsie , KUmarnock , Ayr , Falkirk , Sterling , Edinburgh , Dnndee , Aberdeen , Coalsnaughton , AUoa , Tillicoultry , Arbroath , Ktlmarnock , Kirkcudbright , Lanark , Barhead , Strathaven , and Perth , Irvine . — P . S . —All other towns omitted in this list , by forwarding a letter to Mr . Q . Ross , 83 , Trongate , Will receive attention . N . B . —Tbe gentleman who acts 03-manager for th « company , and takes charge of the constitution of the court will also be furnished with an official letter from the Committee .
ABBHDBEN—On Saturday evening last , Mr . R . Peddie , of Edinburgh , lately released from his three years confinement and torture in Beverley Hell , lectured in the Chartist Hall , to a respectable and crowded audience . The lecturer gave a very distinct account of the manner in which he was ensnared by the hirer ] Bpies of Bradford , as also of his trial and condemnation by the foulest perjury which was ever committed in any court of justice , and proved to the entire satisfaction of every one , by the written declarations in his possession , that the Whig authorities then in Bradford did not give him any opportunity of bringing forward that evidence which would at once have detected the cursed plot aimed at his life or liberty . Had Mr . Peddle been tried in Scotland , we know the result would baye been quite drfitjrent , for with us there is something in the shape of fair dealing ; whereas in England , if we
take Mr . Peddie's case as a sample , as well as many more of tbe Chartists , which have come nnder ournotice , the English Courts of Liw appear to be a mere mockery of justice , calculated to impress upon every intelligent , thinking , and unprejudiced mind , the absolute necessity of the people being aviakened to a lively sense of their danger , in tamely submitting their lives and property , and every thing that- is virtuous , noble , and patriotic , to be sacrificed at the unholy shrine of aristocratic ignorance and wealth , —Mr . Peddie lectured also on Sunday evening , on Prlostcraft ; aad the way in which his subject has been appreciated * evinces in a > very striking point ef view , tfeftt the comaunlty at larga are rapidly unfettering thelt minds from the thraldom of superstition , and approaching that standard of ra tional and philosophic judgment whish is so devoutly to be wished .
COVENTRY—MtvBro-wn dtttvered an address la the Chatter Association Room , on the causes « f the present distress , showing to the satisfaction of aa attentive audience that there ia so remedy except in the People ' s Charter , Ashton-undeh-Lyne . —Mr . Jeremiah Lane , of Manchester , delivered an able lector © on Sunday evening lasfc , in the Chartist Room , Cbarlestown , Ashton . f , „ ¦¦ , , A public ball and concert was held on Monday uignUast . About 400 persona attended , and an « enjoying a good evening ' s amusement , separated about twelve o ' clock ,
Verbatim Report Of The Chartist Trials At Lancaster.
VERBATIM REPORT OF THE CHARTIST TRIALS AT LANCASTER .
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1 See the conquering hero comes . " The tea being over , and the tables removed , Mr . Dixon was called upon to preside . The Chairman then gave oat a Chartist hymn , which was snug by the whole company , accompanied by the band , —at the conclusion of which , The CHAIRMAN said , that they bad finished tba first part of tbe busiuvss for which they had assembled in a manner which did them credit .: He was very proud to see so great a number of persons congregated
together conduct themselves in so orderly and respectable a manner . They had been engaged for the last hour in supplying tbe body with those things without which it could not esUt . But it was equally important that they should supply tbe mind with tbat intellectual food without which it would be a sterile and barren waste . He hoped , therefore , that they would attend to what each of tbe speakers had to say , which would address them in the course of the evening . Tbe first toast for the evening was : — ¦
" Tbe people , tbe only legitimate source of all power . May tbat power speedily be recognised by the abolition of class-legislation , and the adoption of the People ' s Charter as a legislative enactment . " Air , — " Scots wha hae . " The sentiment was responded to by Mr . Doyle in an efficient aud talented manner . The CHAIRMAN then said the next toast is one in which ha felt confident that they , along with himself , would most cordially agree . It waa : — " Feargus O'Connor , E ? q . and T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., may their disinterested exertions in the cause of suffering humanity be duly appreciated by a grateful people . " Band—Aar— " With Henry Hunt "
Mr . Rank in responded to the toast in a short and neat speech . The Chaikman , with a few prefatory remarks , Introduced tbe unxt sentiment , which was : — "Frost , Williams , Jones , sod Bllio j may toe people ' s efforts for their restoration be speedily crowned with success . " Responded to by the whole andience , singing : — God save the patriot Frost , " accompanied by the band , which' hud a most solemn and imposing effect J
The Chairman then gave— " James Leach , Christopher Doyle , and our other persecuted friends , may the sympathy of the people , for whom they are suffering , and tbe consciousness of tbe justice of those principles they have bo fearlessly advocated , console them amidst their unmerited persecutions , and may the efforts about to be made in their behalf be the means of restoring them unscathed to their fainiles and friends . "
Band—Air , Nature ' s Gay Day . " Mr . J > . Donavan responded to ' the toast in a speech replete with impassioned eloquence . The Chairman then rose for the purpose of giving the fifth and last toast for the evening , — " "She Northern Star , and its Editor , may the sacred principles promulgated by that luminary irradiate the minds of the whole people , till , like a refulgent beacon towering above the aable clouds of despotism , it eball remove the mists of ignorance from our political hemisphere and finally conduct the world to freedom . "
Bind—Air " Bonnie Breast Knots . " At thiB part of the proceedings the Rev . W . V . Jackson , accompanied by his good lady , entered the hall and was bailed with every mark of friendship and esteem by tbe whole assembly . i Tbe Chairman bad great pleasure in introducing the Rev . Mr . Jackson to respond to the sentiment—( hear , bear , and cheers . ) The Rev . Mr . Jackson said it was with no ordinary degree of pleasure , tbat he responded to the sentiment just read by tbe Chairman . He had long ago formed his opinion of the Editor of the Star , and also of the Star itself- In bia , Mr . Jackson ' s opinion , it would
have been difficult , nay , he believed impossible to have fonud a man so pre-eminently calculated to fli ; the office of conducting a really democratic newspaper . The Rev . Mr . Hill was not only a man of talent , but also ( fas in possession of a great amount ; ot shrewdness an < 4 forethought , that seldom if ever was found combined in one and tbe same individual . He bad conducted the Star in a manner which diU him credit , and at the same time ably and fearlessly exposed the tricks and intrigues of the factions to lead the people astray by false piomises and pledges , made but to be broken and deceive their confiding dupes . And it was to him we might attribute tbe present position of the Chartist
movement It is the Star and [ the point of Mr . Hill ' s pen that 1 b dispelling that gloom and Ignorance that blackened and darkened our political hemisphere . It was with no ordinary feelings of pleasure that he ( Mr . Jackson ) called their attention to what had been accomplished by the Star since it began to shine in our political firmament , its rays had penetrated and established the principles of democraoy in every part of this country , and he might say every , part of the world ; and might tbe gracious truth which it promulgated be sounded from every hill top , and through every vulley , and continue its onward course from river to river , from shore to shore , until finally its reflulgent
rays should light tbe world to freedom—( loud and long continued cheers ) . It had required joo ordinary degvee of watchfulness on the part of its Eiiitor to keep it still whining . They and he ( Mr . Jackson ) were not ignorant of the various means tbat had been employed to destroy Mr . Hill , Mr . OConnor , and ihe Star ; in fact they were not ignorant of the means that were in operation in this town at the present moment for that purpose . But ail their puny effortsfwould not prevail , so long as the Editor and Proprietor maintained that unpurchaseable adherence to principle that had marked their conduct up to the preeent . iMany papers had sprung up professing to advocate the people's rights
and for some time continued to do feo , but no longer than it was necessary tas they thought ) to get hold of public favour , and then came out their real objectthey began to fire from their mabked batteries at the Star , ita Editor , and Proprietor , and finally the mask was pulled off tbe pretended friends , and then their papers sunk ; pd whilst they were sinking , the Star was rising and shining brighter and brighter . There was one otherj remark which he ( Mr . Jackeon ) had to make concerning Mr . Hill , and that wa » with respect to the independent aud
straightforward manner in which he had conducted the Nortfiern Siar , not regarding the proprietor nor tie people ; but speaking his mind fearlessly and in a straigUtfoivrard and manly manner ! He might be called an CTConnorite ; but he was -neither an O'Connorite , nor an Hillite , nor any other its , but he waa a Chartist , and he did not blush to ; own it ; he was wedded to the principles of the Charter , and so long as the Star , with its Editor , and Mr . O'Connor stood by those principles he would stand by \ them , but not a moment longer . ( Loud cheers . ) ¦ j .
Tjie Rsv . Wm . Hill then came forward amid the most vociferous cheers . He said his friends , he was sure , would not expect him so far to outrage good taste aa to inflict " speech . " upon them trade ? present cbrcamstauces . Should he even be Ill-advised enough to attempt it , it would be impossible for him to find words in which to convty to them ] bis feelings . He would merely thank them for the kind reception the people of Manchester bad given him , and hoped tbat hta future condnct would be such as always to secure
him the good opinion of his fellow-countrymen . So far as the Star was concerned ; all that lie could Bay was , that so long as he had anything to do with ita management , it should vigorously and manfully advocate the principles of universal liberty . So much aB it regarded himself . But in reference to the glorious truths which they were engaged , in promulgating , here vas & subject
≪M The Pbodt3cers Of "Wealth, Axd All Those Who Lite By Industby On The Land.
< m THE PBODT 3 CERS OF "WEALTH , AXD ALL THOSE WHO LITE BY INDUSTBY ON THE LAND .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 22, 1843, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1209/page/1/
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