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Northern Star (1837-1852), 8th April 1843, Edition 1 of 4, Page unpag, Untitled Article

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  • Departments (3)
    • 1 Sheffield.—Mr. Edwin Gill addressed the Chartists of Fig-Tree-lane, on Sunday night last, upon
    • MB, BUNCOMBE'S MOTION.
    • VERBATIM REPORT OF THE CHARTIST TRIALS AT LANCASTER.
  • Adverts (1)
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      Untitled Ad

      THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED ^ No » 2 , OF A VERBATIM REPORT OP THE RECENT TRIALS OP FEARGUS O'CCMOB AND 58 OTHERS , AT LANCASTER , FOR RIOT , SEDITION , TUMTILT , AND CONSPIRACY . THE above Work will be Published in Weekly Numbers of 64 Pages of Royal Octavo , Edited by FEARGUS O'CONNOR , Esq . ., Barrister-at-taw , and to which will bo added A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE CAUSES OF THE DISTURBANCES OF AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER LAST , With Notea ujon the Trial ; also a Dedication to Baron ROLFE . a sp : le 2 tx > ix > poktkait of the just judge who presided , WLLL BE PRESENTED WITH THE LAST NUMBER ( GRATIS ) To those who have been Subscribers to the Work . The Portrait will be Executed with a view to Ha being placed as a Frontispiece , and when completed , which will be in about four Numbers ; the whole will make a valuable work . Price 7 d . a Numbor , in a wrapper . The Portrait gratia . j Subscribers an 4 Agents are requested to give their Orders to Clsave , 1 , Shoe Lane , Fleet Street , London ; Hkywood , 60 , Oldham Street , Manchester ; and Hobson , Northern Star Office , Market Street , Leeds .

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      fConcluded from onr eighth page . J iis gratitude on ; theniif it wisbed , bat tbe connfcry . felt Terr differently . The Bight Bon . Baronet the £ tgre&ry of Slate for the Home Department said thst-jjofhing could be more satisfactory than the gpeeSe 3 j Jioi excepting his own , which had bees jusda * against the motion , and seemed id suppose tliat ibis qnestioa , that interested Bullions of the working classes , was to be disposed of , and that be { Mr . Dnncombe ) was to bepnt down by a bad joke cd the part of the Bight Bon , Baronet about monojoaaia . —IA laugh . ) He mjghi be guilty of monojs ^ iia , but if he yrere it was a monomania which v&s pkrtinpated in by almost -ererj indrridnal of the House . —( Laugnter . ) There were Tery few in

      iie mauBfactnrinjj districts who did not feel that ingniry was necessary into tba whole of these transactions . ( Hear , hear . ) With regard to ihe speech of the Learned Attorney General , any one would haTe supposed from itihat ike present motion yrzs one in approbation of the placard which he jead to the House , it was s speech which possibly he had already deKTered at the Lancaster Assizes ; but this motion had nothing to do with the prosecufion which there took place . He IMr . Dancombe ) made no complaint of those prosecutions , or of the manner in which they had been conducted by the Attorney General and the GoYernment ; and the trial and conTirtion of the persoss so prosecmed had nothing whateTerto do with the case before the House .

      "What he complained of on the part of the people was the misconduct of Magistrates in refusing bail to isdmdn&ls on account of their political opinions , or requiring an amount of bail impossible , or so exeesdre , as to amount to a refusal of bail . He complained that certain Paeons had been arrested , and pat into the lock-up house of Manchester , and other places , and there detained for fire or six days prerions to being carried before the Magistrates for examination , and afterwards detained for three days before they were liberated , there being no charge against diem ; that the Magistrates knew at the Sme that there was no charge against them , and that Mr . Beswick , the superintendent of police , knew that he could not procure the « Tidence for which he ransacked the town of Manchester . That part of his case had not been answered by the the house

      Attorney-General , lie had not told why those persons had not been -called tip for examination . He said that Leach was convicted on an arrest of thirteen days . Those thirteen days were after the first arrest when the case went to liverpool andwas altogether abandoned . At the end of September he was again arrested and kept in prison for sereu days , and then it was that he was rried anifeon-ricsed . Bo * whether he was conYictffd Or zioi tad nothing to do with tbe legality or illegality of the eondnct of tbe Magistrates . It was the wish f the Bight Hon . Baronet , and he had himself no doubt , that this motion , would be supported by a yery small minority , but he had the satisfaction of knowing that it would meet with the approbation of a ^ greai majority of the people of the country . 2 ie House then dfrided , when there appeared , —

      . ForMr . . Duncombe ' s motion 32 Against it — „ 196 Majority —164

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      Cotton , a lawyer , who wrote on tbe subject of enclosing , said— " In tbe carriage of this business there most be much caution to prevent commotion , " and he reeomsiended , " that plots shall be devised to the inhabitants at and under easy values . " Lord Chancellor Bacon rtrenuonsly urged tbe enclosure of waste lands , with

      this condition , " so that the poor conmoners may ha ^ e so injury by such enclosures . " A report ( drawn np by Sir J . Sinclair ) of a select committee of the House of Commons appointed for the purpose of considering the subject , waa in these words— " If a general bill were to be passed , every possible attention to the rights of the commoners would necessarily be paid . The poor would then evidently stand a better chance of having their fall share undiuiioished . '' But was any Hon . Member of that House prepared to deny that the public bad a right to these waste lands ? Why what meant the standing order on the table of tbe houst ? " That in every bill for enclosing lands , provision be made for leaving an open space in the most appropriate

      situation , sufficient for purposes of exercise and recreation of the neighbouring population ; and that the committee on the bill have before them the number of acres proposed to be enclosed , as also of tbe population in tbe parishes or places in which the land to be enclosed is situate ; and also do see that provision is made for the ifikient fencing of the allotment , for tbe investment of the same in tbe churchwardens and overseers of tbe parish in which such open space U reserved , and for the efficient making and permanent maintenance of tbe fences by such parish ; and that Id any case where the information hereby required 1 b not

      given , and the required proviBons are not made in the bill , tbe committee on tbe same do report specially to the House the reasons for not complying witb such Order . " The poor man had a right to cail on the House to recognize this principle . In many parts of England the poor for centuries had cut turf and peat for their consumption during winter ; bat he regretted to say in many parts of England the landed proprietors had taken advantage of the poor ceasing to practice their lights for a certain number of years , and had then prohibited them from doing 80 for ever . It was said in an old

      distitcb—* ' Great is the crime in man or woman To steal a goose from off a common ; But surely he's without excuse Who steals the common from the goose . " In many parts of the country tbe working classes , more particularly the poorer portion of them—and ho spoke positively with regard to many of the bandloom weavers in his own neighbourhood—had been enabled to live comfortably through the enjsjment of these rights , which pf late years bad thus been taken away from them . It every Bon . Member in tbat House would declare his conscientious conviction , after a due consideration of this subject , be would certainly avow himself to be in favour of the allotment Bystem . He

      knew that some Hon . Members , even during the present system , had declared that the system had not worked well where it had been put in practice ; but he was prepared to prove quite the reverse , and that it proved the greatest blessing -wherever ifc bad been adopted . He was sure that he should convince the House thai if tbe allotment system of waste landa were adopted , it would prove , to a great extent , the salvation of the country ; for it must be clear to all , that if sometbicg were not done for the working classes , and that speedily * the consequences would be most serious . ( Hear , bear . ) Tbe Government were sitting on tbe verge of a volcano at the present moment , which might burst forth with mischievous effect , unless

      precautionary measures were taken . Thousands were in want and suffering , and had borne their distress and privation with patience and humility , that had been praised by almost every member of her Majesty ' s Government ; but praise would not nil their empty bellies—( hear , hear . ) Those poor people had waited with earnest anxiety to see what would be done for them in the present session , which was nearly half over —( hear , and no . ) At all events , Hon . Gentlemen were about to enjoy the Easter festivities ; but what had they to say to tbe people ? What had they done ?—( hear , bear . ) There had been a great deal of talk , bat not ene practical measure -which Would give relief to the poor—( hear , hear . ) The workins

      classes laughed at the idea of foreign colonization ; they would never sanction it ; for it had been tried , and not a ship came home from the colonies which did not bring some disappointed wretches who had suffered more abroad than at borne , and would rather die of starvation at home than be transported again to a distant colony . ^ Bat , he would proceed to state some other important facts . In tbe parish of Long Newton , in the county of Gloucester , the effects of the system were these : — " The late Mr . Estcourt stated , that out of 196 persons there were 32 families , consisting of 140 persons , in the depth of extreme poverty . The poorrates amounted to , £ 324 13 s . 6 U in 1801 . The result of the allotment sjsiera was an immediate abatement

      in tbe misery of the poor ; the most gratifying improvement in their character and morals ; and a progressive diminution in the poor-rates down to £ 135 , in 1829 < the List year reported ) . ( Hear , hear ) . In Skiptonmoyne , an adjoining parish , the same results Were experienced . In the small parish ef . Ashley , where the same plan was pnrsued by tbe Hon . Member for Oxfcrd , the same results followed . In the parish of Lyndon , in * Rutlandshire , where tbe cottagers h » d been aUowed these privileges for at least 200 years , an enclosure took place , and an allotment was reserved for tbe use of the poor , and to be let to the cottagers at moderate rente . The happy results of the Byateni weie described in a letter written by the Earl of Winchilsea ,

      on the 4 th of January , 171 ) 6 , to Sir John Sinclair , the President ef the Board of Agriculture . " Lord Winchilsea in that letter said he bad made inquiries into the effect of giving small allotments of land , and that be was more and more convinced that nothing could , be of greater benefit to the labourers and the landowners . The working people were enabled to better their condition , ana to make theii homes comfortable , and to keep a cow or a pie , and thus they became better able to do their woii , W <* re more contented in their atatioii , and acquired a sort of independence and self-respect whico prevented them fiom becoming burdensome to others ; the effect was beneficially felt upon the poor-rates .

      Lord Winchilsea also wished that Parliament wouln never make an enc . osure withont setting aside a portion of land for the use of the poor ; and he mentioned the cajseof one family which enjoyed the privilege during 200 years , aad n «« ver did one of them receive relief from the , parish . After quoting other extracto from this letter to the same effect , the Hon . Member said hb thought he had read sufficient , he was sure , from that letter , to show the advantages of the system he was now advocating , proving , aa the letter did , that for 208 years It cad worked beneficially to the lower orders . Bnt he held in bis hand the report of a gentleman whose opinion be supposed would save great influence with the Right Hon . the Secretary for the Home Department . It was that of Mr . Power , respecting the county of Cambridge , aa stated in tbe Poor 103

      Law Commissioners * Report for 1834 , page : — " Allotment of small portions of land to labourers for tbepurpese of employing their leisure hours , giving them a feeling of dependence on their own exertions , and bettering their condition toy increased sutenance and comforts , is beginning , much to tbe credit of the landowners , to be -yery generally adopted ia this county . Of the excellent effects of this practice I am provided with testimony & © m » sjny qmarters . At Wells fifty acres are now granted by the Bishop of Bath and WeUs to two hundred and three perBonB , in quantities -varying from one-twelfth to half an acre , at a tent of 12 shillings and sixpence the quarter of an acre . Of these persons not above ten are-unmartied , and many are widows . The average of each family being taken at five , upwards of 1 , 000 personB are thus benentted . Wo stipulation u made against the receipt

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      of parochial relief , but the result has been to the same < fifcet , as only three of the number receive parochial relief , two of whom are infirm penohB who would otherwise be in the workhouse , and the third , also infirm , belongs to Bristol . Twenty-nine names were pointed out of persona who formerly bad received relief , but had discontinued it since tbey had got land . Many Dissenters have allotments . The following is an account , on an average of six years , of tbe profits of a quarter of an acre ;— £ . a . d . Rent for a quarter of an acre o 12 6 Digging 0 8 0 , Manure ... o 10 O Seed 3

      ... ... ... a n Seed ., 3 0 Planting ... 0 4 0 Hoeing , < Sce , o 8 0 Digging and hawling 0 10 0 Suppose the man to hire and pay for everything w . 2 15 6 PRODUCE . rwenty sacks of potatoes ... 4 10 0 Other vegetables l o o

      5 io o Less labour , tea ., as above ... ... ,,, 2 15 6 Clear profit , supposing the man to hire and pay for everything , „ 2 14 6 If all done by the man ... 4 4 6 The opinion expressed by tbe agent was , that tb « man who works for a farmer fur twelve houra , from six to six , with the help of his wife and family , can manage half an acre , supposing it half potatoes , keep a pig , and support bis family , and that a mechanic can do more . The continued increase in the demand for allotments is the best proof of tbe advantage derived from them . There is a general Improvement in the

      Character of the Occupiers , who are represented as becoming more industrious and diligent , and as never frequenting those pests , the beer-houses . Frequently they have been known to work by candle-light . Not a single instance bas ocenrred in which any one thus holding land bas been taken before a magistrates / or any complaint .- * — ( Hear ; hear . ) Was not that an instance worthy of tbe consideration of the House ? Was it not ene over which they should rejoice , at a time when the working-classes were so much distressed , which fast net one of any party denied , and when there was so much difficulty in keeping tbe peace of the country , and to prevent the scenes of last year being re-enacted ? He knew

      that any such disturbances could and would beputdOWn by the stroug arm of the law ; but would it not be more gratifying to fee able to say that they had done justice to the poor , by restoring to them theli rights , and placing them beyond the reach of temptation and want , and making them once more happy , and contented , aud peaceable subjects—( hear ) ? But he found that Mr . Power gave a similar account of the working of the Bystem at West Looe . " Tbe effect upon the poor-rate has been a diminution from Ida . in the pound to 3 s ., bat tbe moral effect upon the poor is beyond calculation , tbe population being principally seafaring men , who in bad weather had no occupation , and

      who idled about , a dead weight upon the poor-rate ; but who have now occupation , and are happy , contented , and laborious . "—( Hear , hear . ) "I went over tbe land and found it in excellent condition . " No donbt many Hon . Members had heard of the parish of Tring , where this allotment system was first carried into effect a few years ago , when the whole parish bad become insolvent , the poor-rates bad broken down uuder the demands upon them , and rates in aid were received from neighbouring parishes , and things were still growing worse and worse . A society in London took the matter up . A quantity of land was bought at ChokebuTy , and the rector of the parish , who had

      acted in a most praiseworthy manner , bad in a letter dated ( November 3 , 1842 , thus reported the result to the L&bourers ' s Friend Society : — " 1 . The land 1 b still divided into allotments , varying in size from two to five , and in one instance twelve acres . 2 . The land is still occupied by the original tenants , with few receptions . 3 . The population of the parish has slightly decreased . 4 . The estate has passed Into private hands . ( About 150 acres ) 5 . The tenants are maintaining themselves and their families exclusively by their allotments , and by the casual employment they obtain elsewhere . 6 . The tenants pay tbeir rent punctually—viz . 228 . per acre ( inclusive of tithes ) . This is

      ihe full average rest of land in tbe neighbourhood . 7 . With respect to the question , ' What was the rent of the land per acre previous to the Agricultural Employment Institution purchasing it ?'—you probably have forgotten that , with the exception of about 16 acres , the whole of tbe land in the parish at that period was abandoned on account of tbe excessive rates upon it . The last tenant of the estate , before it passed into the hands of the institution , waB R . D . The result of his agreement with his landlady is curious , and shows how valueless land in the pariah then vras . He rented 35 acres for £ 23 , and stipulated to pay all rates up to a certain amount , whilst all above , it wasagreed , were

      to be deducted from tbe rent . When settling-day came the balance was against the landlady ; her shares of the rates having absorbed the whole of the rent , and extracting from her pocket some few shillings besides . The tenant had paid rates to the amount of £ 4 G 7 s . The contrast with the state of the parish then , with what it is now , resulting , as it does , entirely from the allotment system . In 1832 , just before the Agricultural Employment Institution took the parish ia band , it was almost exclusively a parish of paupers ; since that period it has not had an able-bodied pauper belonging to it . In 1832 tbe land was worse than valueless , for it was a source of anxiety and loss to the

      proprietors : it is now largely bought up when offered for sale , and equals , if it does not exceed , in value aujacent land in the surrounding parishes . In 1832 the poor consumed the profits of all the land in the parish : they now maintain themselves and tbeii families meat comfortably on only a portion of that land . In 1832 tho weekly expenditure of the poor , at this period of the year , averaged £ 5 ; it now scarcely exceeds as many -hillings , if the raaintainance of a lunatic in an asylum be excepted . In 1832 , the poor were supported by rates in and levied on other parishes ; they are now themselves contributors to the rates , to the amount of about one-eighth of the whole parochial expenditure

      Lastly , for these eight years , no person resident iu the parish has been convicted of any offence against tiie laws of the country . To this contrast of the past aud present fctato ef the parish , I beg to add another of the past anti present condition of one of the allotment men . I select purpos 6 ly the moat remarkable case , the more fully to show what the capabilities of the allotment system are to better the condition of the agricultural poor . In 1832 , Gt . 8 . was almost the only labouring man belonging to tho parish who was not a pauper . Be was , however , all but reduoed to the state of one , whilst , as to the actual amount of privation , he was a greater sufferer than most of those receiving parochial relief . Having a wife and four children dependent upon him , tbe institution allotted

      him four acres . He la now the occupier of eighteen acres ; ha ia the owner of a cow , a pig , three horse * and a colt , a waggon , two carts , a plough , barrows , * c . He ploughs the land , for the other tenants , and is paid either in kind or mo * ey , aa best suits tbe parties . He finds at all times profitable employment for bis team in taking np bay and straw to the London markets , and bringing basb soot and other manures for the neighbouring farmers . This last spring he purchased £ 20 worth of wood and turned It to good account by carting it to { he neighbouring town 8 , and disposing of it there . Of the married man who received allotments , only one , an old marine , had oat sufficient energy to make his land answer . He has since left the pariah . The reasons be assigned for his want of success 1

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      were tbat 'he possessed the worst land and the worst wife of any man in the parish . '" ( Laughter . ) The same reverend gentleman ) had addressed a letter to him that morning , in which he confirmed all tbat he bad stated in tbat just read , but added what be { Mr . Ferrand ) wished to call the attention of the Right Hon . the Home Secretary to : — "I ; have at this time tbe charge of an adjoining parish , the population of which exceeds 600 , three-fourths of whom are paupers . The parish has for years ingloriously earned tbe epithet of ' Wicked WigRinton . ' The poor-rates are rapidly on the increase . There is a large unenclosed common in tbe parish of about 200 acres . I would guarantee that in three years , if I were put into possession of this common , with the means of bringing it into

      cultivation , and of allotting it to tbe poor , there should not be half a dozen able-bodied { paupers in the parish . This may appear to be a presumptuous boast ; but after what I have witnessed in Cholesbury , I feel tbat I am speaking guardedly ia making tbe assertion—( hear , hear ) . I cannot conclude without informing you that the conduct of the men generally , since they have held their allotments , has been such as to give me very great satisfaction—( hear , hear ) . They are very punctual in their attendance at church , and we have been obliged to build a gallery in it foT the accommodation of their children . All the allotment men , with their ; wives , and every child old enough to attend the Sunday school , are members of a clothing and fuelclnb ; and as raacb as from £ 30 to £ 4 °

      has annually been intrusted to my care , the fralts of their weekly savings . ' * Now , was ifc nob the duty of the Government to take ! this subject into their most serious consideration—( hear ) . Here was an example of the beneficial effects of the system ; in the course of eight years we see a community of persons restored to industry , comfort , and morality , and from being distreBsed and discontented made loyal and peaceful subjects , not one of them during that ^ period ever having infringed the laws of the [ country . That was the character given to them by | their pastor , who declared , that although there were in " Wicked Wigginton " six hundred paupers , if he could have the 200 or 300 acres of waste land , he would soon reduce the pauperism and raise that wretched place to the same happy

      state as Tring —( hear ) , There was another point to which he begged the attention of the House—the state of the cottages of tbe poor , which , in fact did not deserve the name of cottages . They were wretched hovels , in which fevers were generated , and where tbat scourge of the human j race—the cholera—which snatched away in an instant the highest as well as the lowest , played alarming s havoc . Medical men bad declared that it was as much the interest as the duty of the rich to remove from the poor the causes ol these diseases , which were increasing in malignancy every year—( hear ) . Mr . Higgins , chairman of the Bedford Union , bad thus described : the advantages which bad arisen from an improved description of cottages in his vicinity , in hia report to tbe Poor Law

      Commissioners : — " fhe man ; sees his wife and family more comfortable than formerly . He has a better cottage and garden . Re issjimulafced to industry , and as he rises in respectability of station he becomes aware tbat be bas a character to lose . Thus an important point is gained . Having acquired certain advantages , he ia anxious to retain and improve them : he strives more to preserve his independence , and becomes a member of benefit , medical , and clothing societies ; and frequently besides this , lays up a certain sum , quarterly or half-yearly , in the savings-bank . Almost always attendant npon these advantages , we find tbe man sending his children to be regularly instructed on a Sunday , and , where possible , in a day-school , and himself and family more constant io tbeir attendance at some place of worship on the Lord ' s day . A man who comes home to a poor , ; comfortless hovel after his day ' s labour , and sees all miserable around him , has bis spirits more often depressed than excited by it . He

      feels tbat , to do his best he shall be miserable still , and is too apt to fly for a temporary refuge to the alehouse or beersbop ; but give him the means of making himself comfortable by his own industry , and I am convinced , by experience , that in many cases he will avail himself of it . " But it was not only the poor who Would be benefited by such an arrangement as be proposed ; the freeholders , he felt convinced , would speedily find all tbe advantages resulting from it Why , let them take the ; case of flax . Between jj 25 . 000 . 00 t and £ 30 , 000 ^ 000 a-year was paid to foreigners for flix , oil-caka , linseed , &c Societies , however , were now rapidly forming both in England and in Ireland for the prosecution Of the flax cultivation . There was one of those societies at North Walshara , in Norfolk , and another at Belfast . The latter had succeeded beyond their most sanguine expectatiOD ; Mr . S . R . Muiholland , at the society ' s meeting in Belfast in November last , stated tbat the firm with which he was connected had sent no less

      than £ 40 , 000 of ready cash annually out of the con ; . try for the purchase of flax , but that in the present year they had not spent as many pence , and he called upon thu meeting " to take advantage of what God and nature bad done for our soil . " He bad also been told , tbat " Mr . Beard , of KiUalea , lately sold a parcel of fhx in which there were three different qualities ; tbe highest reached £ 140 , tho second , £ 133 , and the third . J 126 per ton ; and few finer samples bad ever been imported into this country . ^ But he bad still better evidence . There was no member iu the Hoirrse who was not acquainted with the name and reputation of the firm of Messrs . Marshall ; at Leeds , indubitably the largest flax purchasers in the kingdom . What did they eay of our capabilities of producing flax ? In a letter

      which he held in his hand ! they wrote as follows ;—" As we import a considerable quantity of flax yearly from Belgium and Holland for our establishment here , we are , of course , much interested in the success of any plan for increasing the quantity grown iu England . We believe both the soil ana climate are suitable for the plant . At one time the flax grown in the east of Yorkshire was of as Rood a quality as that grown in Belgium . " But he would now proceed to state bow he promised to allot the waste lands . According to his calculation , there were in the throe kingdoms no less than 75 , 000 , 000 of cultivatable acres of land j in state of waste . There were also about 46 , 000 , 000 of those lands in cultivation , and 30 , 000 0 ( 0 uncultivated . Now , he should

      propose that the land at present unappropriated should be allotted to those who had a claim upon the different parishes . Where the lands { were already allotted he did not intend that his measure should apply . He should propose that out of every hundred acres in every parish one-t - entieth , or five seres out of every hundred , should be allotted ! to the use of tha poor . He considered , that to give j them that quantity was not to give them too much , whilst it would be a downright robbery to give them less . He should propose that this land should be for { ever reserved to the use of the poor ; and that , with that object , it should be held by trustees for tbeir benefit , tbe said trustees being the rector of the parish , the , lord of the manor , the churchwardens , and the overBeerB . By this

      arrangement be should , be thought , prevent the slightest chance of jobbing ; but , iu order to preclude all suspicion of it , he should also propose to enact that the trustees should be bound to make an annual report to the magistrates —( hear bear . ) He should also propose that five acres of these lands should in every parish be laid out as a drying ground . ( A laugh . ) Hon . Members might laugh , for they probably did not know the miseries of wet aud tattered clothing ; but he could tell j them tbat medical men were almost unanimous in declaring their opinion that nothing was more detrimental to the health of tbe poor than their habit ef drying their clothes in their own confined dwellings . In his own part of the country it was Dot uncommon for a poor man to carry

      his wet linen three-quarters i of a mile , to a hedge , and having hung it out , to remain for the purpose of watching it until it was dried . Another proposal he should make would be to allot a portion—say five acres of land—for tbe purposes of recreation . By t his arrangement be hoped our old national and healthful sports might bo revived , to the benefit as well as the enjoyment of the inhabitants of every vicinity . Tbe remainder of the land be should propose to a lot to the use of the poor , to be divided into lots of such siza and extent aa shall be deemed most useful , no man being apportioned less than a quarter of a rood . The ex * pences attending this allotment he should propose to be paid out of the poor-rates , bit the extent of the enclosures , and consequently the outlay , in any one year , be

      should propose to leave for jthe decision of the ratepayers in public vestry assembled , and convened by public notice . He should also propose that the trustees should have the power of exchanging allotments of equal or greater value previous to their having been broken up , also of purchasing waste lands , with the conBeztt of the ratepayers , if the extent of the original allotments to the poor ahoald hereafter be found iaadequate . With the same sanction be should also propose that the trustee * might expend out of the poor-rates a sum of money not exceeding , he should say , 3 d . in the pound in any jone year , in the election of eottages on the allotments . They should also have

      tbe power of leasing allotments for any term not exceeding twenty-one years , the : rent of the cottage * to be at the &i > annual rat * of cottage renta Within tbe pariah . The . waste lands he should pxopoae to be let teat free for the first jear , at half tbe value for the second year , aud at a fair annual value for the third and every succeeding year . With respect to tbe products , he should ptopoae , that flirt of all , the lerita should goto lemuaurate the parishes tor the expense ol building cottages and enclosing allotments , and that after that the enrplus shoulii be annually -paid into the poor ' s-rate fund—an arrangement under which he felt quit * confident that in & very few years not only

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      the poar-r&tes , b&t the county and all parochial rates would be paid off . With respect to priority of claim , he should propose that the poor who had obtained settlement in the parish by birth or otherwise should have the first claim on the land originally allotted , as wall as on that afterwards purchased ; and With regard to these purchases , he should propose that the trustees , with the consent of the ratepayers might , if they saw fit , purchase waste lands previously allotted , and erecfc cottages thereon upon the same terms and in the same manner as in the parishes where no allotment had taken place . The other provisions of hia measure would be of comparatively minor importance . With regard , however , to the difficult question of boundary , he should propose to adjust it

      in this manner .- that owners of allotments should not be compelled to enclose them , bat that ; any owner desiring to enclose his own might call upon the adjoining owner to erect bis boundary fence , audit here fused might build it himself and compel payment betoTo justices of the peaea With respect to the machinery for putting the bill into operation , be should propose that for the first three years the Tithe Commissioners should be employed in waking the allotments—their expenses during that time to be defrayed by the Government . For tbe second three years he should propose , that their cbaTges should be paid balf by the Government and half by the owners , the portions of the expense attached to the poor ' s allotments to be defrayed by the poor rate . After tbe completion of these six yens the

      expense should fall solely upon the owners . This was bis Beheme , and be felt convinced that if adopted it would give stimulus to tbe people which at present they sadly and woefully required . The following case occurred in his own pariah : —A . man of the age of 8 » applied to the board of guardians for relief . In answer t « his application the board of guardians said , " You have a son who has a cottage in Hertfordshire . He must seil tbat , and with the proceeds of the sale ha must relieve you . " The son come to him ( Mr . Ferrand ) He said tbat he had built the cottage out of his hardearned savings , aad before he wonld comply with the advicfr of the Board of Guardians and sell his cottage ,

      be would become an alien from the country . He begged the House to listen to his appeal in behalf of tbe poor man . Give the poor a small allotment of land and a spade to cultivate it , and it would have tbe effect of diminishing the number of inmates in tbe Union Workhouses . ( Cheers . ) The poor man then would nofc be deprived of the privilege of attending at his usual place of worship . —( Hear , hear ,. ) Give the peor , before they were weighed down to the dust , what they had a right to demand . He maintained it was the right of the poor—a right of which they bad for centuries been plundered . —( Loud cheers . ) The motion having been seconded ,

      Colonel Wyndhak wished to see Mr . Ferrand ' a Bill introduced . He was all for it , but in the present depressed state of agriculture , he wanted to see the lands already in cultivation kept in it , instead of grubbing about the heaths . Ho would stand by tho Government so long as they stood by agriculture * The Hon . and Gallant Member excited great laughter by his reference to a letter from a working man * da * ed from Cheetham , but bearing the postmark of Manchester . He did not know the geographical position of the place , but perhaps the Members for Manchester knew the way to cheai- ' em —» very good motto for the Anti-Corn-law League . The Cheethazn working-men expressed a wish tbat Colonel Wyadha < u should favour tbe House with more of his speeches . ; i . ord Worslet waa afraid that tbe proposed bill would be wholly impractible , but he would not be so ungracious as to oppose its introduction .

      Sir Jakies Graham could not Bed in the prop . sed scheme any thins else than a project for maintaining ; the working population a t the publi 0 expense , These waste lands were in general distinguished for their sterility ; and be entertained the greatest doubts of the practicability of a measure for their allotment . While not opposing the introduction of the bill , he wished to guardjhimself from encouraging the expectation of any benefit being likely to arise from it . Lord John Manners believed that there was a

      growing feeling in the country in favour of some &uch measure as that proposed by Mr , FerT&nd . He adduced the example of the religious brotherhood of Charlewood Forest , who are successfully reclaiming a barren and stony moor ; aad declared that he would not give up the belief that it was possible by careful cultivation , to produce sufficient wheat in this country for the maintenance of its entire population ; and he thought that in the present entire deadness of the public mind to all party political excitement , tho scheme might be tried .

      Mr . Hume regarded the project as one of those schemes of home colonization which absorb capital to an extent quite disproportioned to any chance of profitable return . It was useless to waste money on cultivating the barren soils of England , when W 6 could : more profitably exchange our labour for tho corn of other lands . Sir John Hamneh believed , that instead of there being an entire absence of political feeling amongst the people , that there was a growing spirit of discontent , only to be abated by practical measures for their relief , of which he considered the present measure to be one , though not a prominent one . But free trade he was certain we must arrive at ; as to taxing or stopping machinery , we might as well try to stop the satellites of Jupiter .

      Mr . Brothekton wished to know if these waste lands were proposed to be enclosed for the benefit , of the rich or poor . With the Corn-law monopoly , tha bill would only serve the purposes of the owners of land , who by enclosure bills hare been appropriating every available common . Lord Polungton believed that the bill wonld benefit the poor , and therefore he would support it . Mr . Agligkby was desirous of seeing the bill introduced , in order that its provisions might be carefully considered , though he feared that the project , would not prove practicable or beneficial .

      Mr . Sharman Chawfobd denied that the waste lands could not be profitably cultivated . They might not return a productive outlay to the capitalist , but in the hands of the working man they would yield a sufficiency for maintenance , He supported the bill . Leave was given to bring in the bill .

      1 Sheffield.—Mr. Edwin Gill Addressed The Chartists Of Fig-Tree-Lane, On Sunday Night Last, Upon

      1 Sheffield . —Mr . Edwin Gill addressed the Chartists of Fig-Tree-lane , on Sunday night last , upon

      I the Government Factory Bill . On Monday evening ; a very spirited discussion took place on that all-iin . - I portant subject , " the Land , " in which several j speakers took part . The discussion was adjourned j unto the Monday night following . Mr . Edwin Gill directed the attention of the meeting to the trial of William Jones , at Leicester , by Baron Gurney ; and concluded by moving the following re-| solution : "That this meeting deeply regrets the prostration of justice , as witnessed at the late assizes held in Leicester , in the case of Wh . Jones ; and this meeting calls upon every lover of his country to assist Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., ia his patriotic effort to obtain for the defendant a new trial , to endeavour to remove Baron Gurney from that seat , which bj his abitrary and partial eondnct he has disgraced , and to exert themselves fa * the obtainment of the

      i People ' s Charter , that being the only means of 1 securing tbe rights and liberties of the people . ' I The resolution was carried unanimously . I Barnsley . —The Chartists of this town called a I public-meeting , to take into consideration the New / . Factory Act , and to determine what course should be pursued by the working people in regard to the public meeting called by the Dissenters on the above question . A resolution was adopted , to tha effect , that the working people should attend the

      meeting in the Odd Fellows' Hall , to watch tha proceedings , and to give their support to any plan which they may think an improvement to tfee Bill before the House of Commons . A resolution was carried at the council meeting , that the Secretary and Treasurer to the Defence Fund , should andifc their books by next Monday night , and that all persons holding monies belonging to the above fund should Bend in the same on Monday night , as it is desirable to send it off as soon as possible .

      Stockport . —Mr . Thomas Clark lectured on Sunday atternoon , to a numerous and attentive audience of youths , in their commodious room , after which a lively and entertaining discussion was entered into on the subject of competition . In the large room at six O ' clock in the evening , a respectable congregation assembled and listened to a long and convincing lecture from Mr . Clark , on the land . At the close , a handsome collection was made , Middleton . —On Monday evening , Mr . C . Doyle , of Manchester , ' delivered a lecture , in the Reformers * Chapel , upon the present alarming distress , the cause of that distress , and the remedy . Mr . James Leach , of Manchester , will lecture in the same place , on Monday evening next , at eight o ' clock .

      Lnabesbobocgh . —Mr . Beesley , of Acorington * lectured here on Friday , upon the capabilities of the Land . He was well received ,, and gave general satisfaction . Lewisham , Kent . —Strong i-esolotions on the rejection of Mr . Duncombe ' s motion bj the House of Commons have been passed here . AshtoN'Ckder-Lyne . —Mr . Challenger lectured here on Sunday last . CoLNE . —The lads of thia place , at a public meeting , have passed a strong lesolution , condemnatory of any agitation , except ia favour of . the People ' s Charter . Clithero . —An address has been presented from this place to Mr . Thomas Donoom . be , ia approbation of his public conduct .

      Simon-iH-AsHPiK £ » . —Mr . John West lectured here on Monday night , in the Market Place , to * very large and attentive audience . Halifax . —On Sunday evening last , { Mrv B . Rushton lectured in the room of the Association , rfwah Coppice ; after wbioh Mr . O'ConnoiV proposed plan , of Organization was takea iatO consideration . NtirriNGHAU . —The Female Chartista of Nottingham have formed themselves into an Association . Twenty-one new members hajQ enrolled thejs names .

      Untitled Article

      Oa this xnbject the Times of Thursday thus remarks : — " We are not zenerally disposed to regard -adih overdue favour the tandnct of the Democratic section in the House of Commons ; and , as onr xeadera know , -are bsve thought it a matter of do slight felicitation to all vho value either the dignity or the time of onr lizgis latois , that this class bas of late jean become smaller in its numbers and humbler in its tone .

      After this rathtj unnecessary preface , "we may be sllo'SFea' to express our Vb * rttp « to Mr- Duncombe— -mho is now the * Irnlce decus colnmtcqne xeruHi "with the fefttfnl expectants of a Chartist SlilleEnium—for having brought " before the notice of the House the petition Of several persons Charged "With participation in ' the disturbances of last autumn , and their treatment by the magistrates ytho examined them . ThB petitions presented by the Hon Member for Knsbury Trerefrom twenty-two men , principally natives of the northern and "western counties , and most of them , we believe , connected "With Uib Chartist Association . Onr readers "win best learn the nature of the grievances of ¦ which thej complain from the following extracts : —

      The petition of George White , n 6 vrs-agent , of Birtntn gri a T > states that lie""was arrested on She S 6 th xlay of August last , and Vu bronght before Messrs . Spooiier , Beale , Mooiscm ¦ snd other magistrates , and 'Wis committed to 'Warwick County Gaol j" * * tbat he thereupon applied for ltave to put in bail , which "was agreed to by the magistrates , -who demanded six sureties in £ 100 each , «» d himself in £ 600 , with forty-eight hours * notice ; that he had good and sufficient bail then present in coxnt , who "were » ell tno-ssri to i > e euch tj the maglBtratts ; and B . Spconer , Esq , one of her ^ Majesty ' s

      jn&Uces 01 the peace , informed him 'the petitioner ) ., id open court , that he should not ¦ accept any person holding similar political principle to those of the petitioner , as bail on his behalf . " Tbe petitioner then goeB on to relate , that , "Upwards of fenrteen respectable tradesmen and shopkeepers' tendered themselves as bail on beJiaif of a © petiticBer , and trere refused ; * * that he was , in consequence , confined in cold and wBtnde for the spice eleven weeks ; and * * tbat ce was nltimstdy obliged to mske application to Ibe -Court 0 / Queen ' s Bench , SBd thai his ba . il vas at last accrptod by an order from Mr . Justice CresstcelL '

      " The petmon of aBD&er , Joan West by name , a b&sd-loom weaver , ol Derby , shows that tfee petitioner -wzs arrested ot the ssih day of 5 ? ptember last upon a charge of sedition , and was brought fetfore Sir J . R C&ve , a magistrate for the count ; ol Dcibj ; that he Tas required to find bail to the amount of £ 400 , which considering the station in life of your petitioner , is , in lbs opinion of your petltaorar , excessive and uneonstitutkmsl ; and tbat , for the want of such bail , he was committed to tbe Goncty Gaol of I > erby , where he was placed in solitary confinement . *" •' The petition of KobartBrook , a schoolmaster , of Todmordea , contains amongst other declarations the following : —that he was 'arrested at his own house upon a charge of sedition , conspiracy , and riot , and was brcnght before John Crossley , Esq ., and James Taylor , E * q , when the former addressed him in such terms as thsse

      " I have got yen at last , and I am glad of it , and 3 "sill taie caie to punish yon . Ton have given me a deal of trouble with writing to that rascally Northern Star - - that he was rtquired te find bail , himself in the s&m of £ 20 D and two sureties in £ 100 each ; and when two persocs of good and ¦ nnbleniiEhfcd character , both men of property , botib VOtOS of tbe West Biding of Torfcfcire , cfiered m bail , the said magistrates told them , * He would not taks their bail , tec&use they were CfeartisU ; and he-would not take a Chartist as a bond * - Sian , foT he was determined io put down the Chartists

      * n Ttdmorden . ' Finally these bGnatmen were accepted ; » - - the petitioner was again snested and bitrogbt iefcre < ertaai magistnktiesa . tila 3 icJfeSter , and requested to find -otherhail , himself to the amennt of £ 400 , and two sureties of £ 200 each ; bnt i , ot being able to do so , he was sent away to Eikfiale , and eventually bronght cp at Liverpool before Lord Abinger ; . . - tfcst he was kept in prison on account of such extensive tail being legnired , until the trials came on at LiTerpoe } . ichai lordjbwg&r reduced his bail as follows —fn-TB himself £ 600 and surditsio iheamorail of £ 609 , io himself £ 210 , and sureties £ 100 . -

      To these we will add cut one case more , that of a spotter , star SJoke-npon-Trent , who complains that hs-spaa committed by a nrcginrste ' of JfeTTcastle-under-¦ La > e * a a charge of felony ; that the magistrate , wtea ajied what hall wcnld be sufficient , replied that > - « had made vp ~ hU mir . il sot ioal' ow hail ** . . . . oHcrnrg that "he" [ the petitioner ) wonld be iakif . g flyaia f- that the petitioner was kct > t jd gaol for eight *« i » , tried at Sfc-Sbrd dj SpedarConnnisson , . - * M « gBittea , beemse tie Jurj ceuid not believe tbe T " " ® tm Mb oath . sd to

      ^ pnpo y abstain from referring the othfei f ^ ETttDlabed in these petitions ; oad ^ hen we look «> " » ezs ggErtted inaccuracies with which they teem , aH k ! £ cSmMlicc 2 spirit which they brtatbe towards " * ho " » ae concerntd in pnttiag down tbe riots , -we ?* a °£ tot regret that tlie molisn of iir- Dancombe « a not limited to an inquiry into tfc ? ote main and rf ? T e S ??™ 168 Trtuch was so severely felt by many <*» « x ptiifinaejj—^ me an £ , unwarrantable rtfusa ! ° * J ^ 3 by the BEgistratts in some eases , and their ^ MJ ^ warrantable demand of excessive bail in T " - ^ - Bad the petitions been confined to this un-T ^ fcted , IDdenied , sxd most HEconstitntJonal stretch « antbority , Borne good sight have come of them . For * tmpi ve are not anxious to see tbe magistrates ol *» arwirtehire , Staffordshire , oiLaicasnire crnciflefi "' 57 a censure of theBonfte— and in tbe present constitn-° cn cf th& House such a horrible catastrophe is cot 2 / t ? Potable—yet do we believe that tbe expoEure of " ^ -glaring abase would fea-s-c bt £ n at the satbe time its

      »«« leui&t lunisbmaat , and tbe best prerentrre of *** renzrrence . However , instead of presenting a decent and moderate **® a « i £ t upon one definite and intelligible ground , the 3 **»™ whose prayer was preferred by Mr . Dnneombe » s -aloEdsj drrerged into a ragne ana rambling state-^^ t Of wrongs , real and Imaginary ; raaiopported and *™ tr&Sictj . a and , even where confirmed , by testimony , «* whether unjustified by the peculiar circumstances »«« i ( 2 iEg the outbreak . "What , therefore , was the WBRonojce , the natural consequence , of such am impoJtic coBJse ? Why , that the real sdA of the eom-* tets war Jort Bight of , and the attention of tbe house ^ « eKsd airav in filmmmrintr t > m jrWmin . ltfv nt TtftyHmUr of

      ^«« Bt » and the good intentioni parttcslB magiB-: ?*« . ^ he nain poiril—the ie « l grievance , mmelj , ** ' eertainjnen were bronght before certain magistrataa •™ jed with felony and miBdemeanouiB , for which the *» tete Hrjoini the admission of bail , and that £ be ^ Sietrates of thai * own aceoid refused proper bail" ^ " * = » raStred to glide ont of view altogether . , ^ > ' » , we have no wish to justify th& language used *? the Chartist oratois : it -was violent , illegal , and * nccz ) RitotionaL But we ssj tbat the acts ef the ! c ^ itK . tes were egually violent . « gnslJy iUtsal , eqnaUy * ieonsiinraonal . The Ccaxtists had no right to assamk * together , to stop mills , impede -work , and to make

      Untitled Article

      inflammatory speeches . This was riot , sedition , nay , according to tbe Attorney- General , it was treason . But be it remembered , none of the prisoners were charged with treason ; they were charged -with riot and sedition ; and for these tbe law allows men to be bailed ; and to have refused bail under such eircuniHtaocei convicts the magistrates either of the most monstrous ignorance on points upon which tbe commonest textbooks might have illumed them , or of tbe most flagrant and culpable indifference to the duties of their station . It is no excuse to say they meant well in what they did ; ¦ we believe they did mean well j but they ought to have known the law better , and to have administered it more temperately . Only conceive for a moment any men of sueh education and intelligence as it ia only fair to snppose the generality of country magistrates possesses , —only conceive thesa men , with the actB 60 th George III ., c i ., sect 2 , and 7 th George IT ., C . 64 , Staring them in the face , refusing to accept as bail men who were of the same political opinions as the prisoner . ' Or fancy a man in the commission of tbe peace declaring that he " would not take a Chartist ss a bondsman , for he was determined to pnt down tbe Chartists . " It was not withont rtasen that Mr . Baron Rolfe , in his admirabJe charge at Lancaster , reminded tbe Jury that it was not the otject of the commission to put down Chartism , but to punish those who supported it in an illegal way . But , however ignorant we might have presupposed a justice of the peace to be on every point of -constitutional laf—and -we certainly were not disposed to stint our anticipations on this head—yet we were not prepared to find any men 80 deluded as to expect—and not only to expect , but to publish abroad their expectations—that they Bbeuld be able to put down any political party , or crush any pelitical opinion , by dealing harshly with those who supported it . And this in England , too , where , under all circumstances , and in every fortune , men are leady and glad to appreciate fair ploy in their opponents , and where there is a fixed popular reverence for the idea of Law—that here men , acting in a judicial capacity , should avail themselves of its facilities for injuring an obnoxious class , should pervert justice into hostility , and judgment into oppression!—why , it is a thing only one degree less wicked than it is silly , and is only saved from being laughable for its absurdity by being pitiable for the infatuation wbicb it betrays"Bnt we trust ihzt the magistrates will profit by this publicity . Lord Denman has pronounced bis opinion upon them ; the people will form theirs ; the House of Commons bas not censured them , thanks to the superfluous matter of the petitions . We would only express a parting wish that they will , witb decent and msdest diligence , resume the perusal of tbeir forgotten Burnsus and Blaekstones , and set about learning what they profess to dictate—the laws ol England .

      Untitled Article

      HOTJSE OF COMMONS—Thtjrsday , Masch 30 . Tbe House met at four e ' clock , and after eome petitions had been presented , Mr . Hums moveo tor , and obtained , the issue of the writ for Nottingham , in the room of Mr . Waiter , who had been unseated by petition .

      ALLOTMENT OF WASTE LANDS . Ur . Febeand rose , pursuant to notice , "to move for leave to bring in a bill for the allotment ef waste lands . " Be said , in the middle of the second session of tbe present Parliament , tbe middle classes , and more especially the working classes , looked to tbe First Lord of the Treasury for measares which wonld conduce to tbeir comfort and permanent happiness . It was perfectly true that the measures which the Bight Hon . Baronet had Draught forward last session had conduced to the comforts of the working classes ; but this benefit had been short-lived . The workicg classes had scarcely tasted tbe cup of sweetness which the Bight Bon . Baronet had granted them than it was dashed from their lips by an universal reduction of wages throughout

      the conntry , far beyond the reductions which bad taken place in the price of food ; and , instead of the working classes having been in the least benefited or relieved by tbe measures of the Bight Hon . Baronet , in bgth the manufacturing and agricultural districts , tbey were suffering misery , want , and privation unparalleled in tbe history of England . He asked tbe Bight Hon . Bart , now -whether he bad any remedial measures to bring forward for the purpose of raising thiB oppressed class of people ont of their distress . In preparing the measure which he asked leave to introduce into tbe House he had been advised and assisted by some of tbe cleverest men of tbe country ; aud be WHS convinced that the measure he was abont to propose would restore the working classes of the

      connrry in a great degree to their former comforts . The distress which had prevailed in the large manufacturing towns was rapidly extending to the smaller towns and into the agricultural districts . With the permission of the House , be would give a slight idea of the state of tbe population of tbe town of BiBgley . He remembered when it only contained one mill , now it bad ten mills ; iormeflj it had been almost a purely agricultural district , now it ^ was equally agricultural a » d manufacturing . What had been the evidence of the sute of Keighley given before the committee which sat on the Keighley Union ? [ Sir C Wapjer made some remark which was inaudible in tbe gallery 3 He hoped the Hon . and Gallant Member for Marylebone would not interrupt him by personal lemwrks addressed to him asross the House . Be had been

      informed by the mwbcal officer of tbat town in cottages of four rooms each as many as twenty-five people were living , sleeping almost altogether in one room in the grossest immorality , whilst typhuB fever raged amongst * W- -m . la this town tbia fever annually increased in virulence- He held in hia band a report made to her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Home Department from the Poor Law Commissioners on an inquiry into the Banatory cendition of the ^ labouring population of Great Britain , which was presented to Parliament by the command of Her Majesty in July , 1842 : — " Mr . Chadwick states that tbe annual slaughter in England and Wales , from preventable causes of typhns , which attacks persons in the vigour of life , appears to be double

      the amount of what was suffered by the allied armies in tbe battle of Waterloo . In Manchester , ameng the labouring classes , more than 57 out of e-rezj 109 die before they attain the age of five years . He states that when the kelp manufacture lately ceased on the western coast of Scotland , a vaBt population of the lowest class of people were thrown into extreme want ; tfiey suffered from cold , hunger , and despair ; nfcveribfcless , from tbeir scattered habitations being suxronnded by pore air , esses of fever did net arise among them . " The mortality and immorality of the population now crowded in the manufacturing districts was frightful In the extreme . Was there no remedy to KBCue this portion of the population from their misery ? Weie the functions of Parliament at an « nd , or were

      tbey able to redress tbe grievances of tbe people ? They were told to look to foreign colonization for a remedy . Were they to send abroad to die nnpitied and unheard-of tbe peaceable and loyal subjects of this country , who had & right to txist in the country where tbty were born ? What said Mr . Burn in bis letters on home coloDJzation : — "If the 46 , 000 , 000 acras now in « ultiv » tion are nofc . sufficient to mnintein tbe population , there are millions yet uncultivated that may be increased in valne b . OOO-fold . It appears that there are 46 , 500 , 000 acres of land in cultivation , and nearly 31 , 000 . 000 uncultivated . 16 , 000 , 000 were reported by the Emigration Committee to be profitable lands . Nearly the whole of the waste land in Ireland is leclaimable , 3 , G 80 , 000 cf "which , that are equal to

      5 . , 000 of English acres , can be brought to produce » rental of £ 1 per acre , at an outlay not exceeding £ 10 per acre . Thns , in the cultivation of the land , Sheffield and Birmingham must send their spades , theii pickaxes , and their draining toolB ; the wheelwright must find p : oughs , harrows , and caits ; tbe ironfonnder must supply the plougn-coultera and the axletrees ; the saddler must put on ihe harness ; Wolvtrhampton must tnpp . y its chains , Walsallits bits and ornaments ; the carptnter mnat put up the gates with tools from Sheffield , and bang them with the hinges and padlockB of Stifforoshire ; the bedger and ditcher who encloses the gn > nnd , and the ploughman who brings it into cultivation , are clothtd by Stroud , Manchester , and Leeds ; tbeir hats come from Newcaatle-under-Line , theii

      halfboots from Northampton or Stafford ; tbey take their breakfast out of a basin fumiohed by the St&ffotdshite Potteries ; Sheffield finds the knife , Birmingham the spoon ; the merchant traverses the ocean to bring their ceffee and sngar ; Mi e engineer finds a coffee mill , in welch tee tamer furnishes s handle , ' Ac . " What he proposed to ack the House to do was to restore the poor again to tieir comforts , and he proposed to do this by an allotment te them of the wastelands . He asked for an allotment of the waste landa of England to tbe poor as * n act of justice : he asked for it in the name of the law otEngland —» Jaw acknowledged 1 ) J the greatest writer * on the law and constitution vt Bagland for C » n-

      turies . He also asked for it in furtherance of a priHcipie acknowledged by that House , Barrington , in bis work on oni " Ancient Statutes , " calculated that not many centuries ago half the lands of England were held upon the degrading tenure of villeinage ; and that withonk being aboHsbefl by aUtate it gradually « eft » ed \ j fon » oflongnaag * Ifaxoyal f rest were enclosed , tne contigioua proprietors urged tfceir claims on tbe ground that they had depastared npon it , and those claims -weie allowed . Sir A- FiUherbert , tlie celebrated lawj e * and judge , and one of the earliest legal authorities , in his book of surreying , tlras laid down tbe law ;—*• Every ottager sal havu his portion assigned him , and then aal not the ryeb aas overpresie tie poore man , " Sii B

      Mb, Buncombe's Motion.

      MB , BUNCOMBE'S MOTION .

      Untitled Article

      YOL- VL NO . 383 . SATURDAY , APRIL 8 , 1843 . ' ^ iSSSfafSSS ? ' °

      Untitled Article

      - —^ \ y ^— ' —*^ ' AND LEEDS GENEML ADVERTISER .

      Verbatim Report Of The Chartist Trials At Lancaster.

      VERBATIM REPORT OF THE CHARTIST TRIALS AT LANCASTER .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 8, 1843, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1207/page/1/