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    VOLTAIRE'S PHILOSOPHICAL DICTIONARY. The first Volume of this cel»-

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    -growth oF mind : and bo sure as the march g | mart inteUeet is onward and forward , so sure ^ qj tfcese principles go on , conquering and to conquer . yes , in the language of the martyred Muir , "it ig . » cod cause ; it shall ultimately prevail ^ It aball finally triumph . "—3 &e conTiction that cheered that patriot 0 H the eve of banMhnient from his loved land , la my gOBSoli&Mi on the threshold of a dungeon . Gentlejjjai , lha-ra donej 1 leave my case in your hands ; 1 have a right to expect at jons hands a Terdicfc of acquittal ; bnt if your Terdict should be the opposite of what 2 have a right to anticipate , 1 trust i shall jneet the consequencea ^ of a Terdict of Guilty -with 2 iit fortitude which "will become me as a man , and Qab unflinching consistency of conduct , and unyielding devotion to principle , -which should ever characters tae ^ nan sr ho , as 2 hare done , devotes his life lothe jerrice of hlB f ellow-men , and the jaomotkni ol the happiness and -welfare of the "Whole linnum family . == = _ —[ rtrfli ol mind : and bo sure as the march

    Siotel Pabkes next addressed the Jury . The defendant commenced by a narrative of his life from his yonth upwards * showing : the difficulties he tad had to strnggle against , in consequence of poverty and other adverse ¦ circumstances , all of -irHeh ne had - been niserly unable to Tssist , notwithstanding that ± e bad laboured with nnwearied industry , and had invariably conducted himself-with Bobriety and Integrhy . Finding himself unable to better his condition in life , he began , to snspeet that ihere mast be something radically defective in the governing system / and , after a carefol examination of facts , be arrived at the conclusion that the poTerty of the people was caused by a vicious system cf representation ,-which could only be cured by the suffrage being made universal . Tie defendant ¦ was proceeding in this strain , when

    The Jtm&E interposed , and said—I must call your attention to the charge against you . The observations y&u haTe been mating are quite irrelevant . If every defendant is to give an account of bis birth , parentage , and ecuca : ion , I am afraid 3 shall hare & si ieresll next treei . A Juryman—3 understood from an observation made by your Lordship , that we shonld nave laid beforens the evidence asaffecting each defendant , I wish to ask yonr Lordshir . whether it is necessary for vstosit here to Tislen to speeches such as have been dekvered ly the two last speakers , which have inching vhatcvei to do tnth the question / lie Jadge— -Really , Sir , 3 can give no answer to any such qnestion as that . It is one altogether new tome . __ _

    Mr . O'Connor—My Lord , I beg to make an application to your Lordship , to have tht question of the juror inserted upon yonr notes . The Judge—Certainly not : 1 can take no notice of it "whatever . I never had sucb an application jaad > to me 5 n my life . Mr . M'Oubray—It appears to me , my Lord , that fiib question "will go forth to the world . Tne Jndge—1 must interrupt you . 1 can't hear jon on any snch matter . The Defendant thsn resumed his observations , and ¦ was proceeding to ^ adTocatetne Charter , and recoiamending its adoption , when

    The Judga again interposed , saying , that the momeD ; you adopt snch a line of argument as this I ean ' t hear you , because I should not be justified in listening toa discussion as to -what would be the best Beans of relieving the present distress . Defendant—Then labandon that . Tb 3 Judge—There is BTery disposition to give the utmost attention to anything that has the remotest reference to the issne , but I cannot allow the public time to be occupied T ? ith matter which is wholly irrelevant to this inquiry . Tee defendant restuaed his address , and denied altogether the charge of conspiracy . Those parties with whom ie was said te have conspired , he inew nBthing about them , either personally or in any other way .

    lUehard OSey next appeared . —He viewed the evidence which had been offered in support of the prosecution as resembling a very beautiful flower , found on the banks . of the Dsad Sea . It appeared Tery beautiful to the eye , but the moment it was touched by the hand it crumbled into pieces . So it iras with the Attorney General ' s evidence . It appeared to be Tery specious , bnt when it came to be tessed by the application of truth and common sense it was found to beef no effect . Tee defendant was about to read from a manuscript , which he had in his possession , but-on the suggestion , of some friends who sat near him , he was induced to forogo his intention , and to content himself by disclaiming ever having had the intention of conspiring with any portion of his fellow subjects . George Johnson was about to address the Court , when

    The Attobset-Geseiui , intimated to his Lordship that he did not think there was sufficient evidence against Johnson to induce him to proceed further irith the charge . i - * ~ " A verdict of acquittal was accordingly taken . Defendant—Then 1 have not an opportunity of saying scything more f ( Great laughter . ) Charles Sterer , la his defence , said he had only recommended a strike for wages , and he believed the sole reason why he was prosecuted was , that he had been a strenuous opponent of the Anti-Corn Xaw League . As a Chartist , hs had a * right to entertain whatever political opinions he ihoaght proper . He had advocated Chartism , and he should do 3 D again , notwithstanding that is might be incarcertted in a- dungeon . If the Jury did him justice , however , they most acquit him , for he could mod conscientiously say . that he had done nothing

    wrong , - Barnard Jl'Cartney , in answer to the charge against him , appealed to the past actions of his life , all of "whith , especially during the late disturbances , hid been regulated by a regard for tie sacredness of propeny , and inviolability of person , and the icculotion upon the minds of ihe politaca ] parly with wiom he associated , to respect the opinions of those trho might happen , to differ with him . In allusion to the evidence which sad been offered by the Attorney-General , the defendant then inquired why thaTritneeSea Trtio had giTSi eTideiice against Mm before the magistritea had not been put into fee box to state to _ the jury what they knew of Mm . If diey had been produced , they wonld disfinethjand unhesitatingly hare declared that at the meetings he had attended , he recommended the

    people lo protect eyery blade of grass , and every " wpare © f glass In ihe ^ onntry . Was this eon-Jpimy ! He trcsted Qtej were not aboafc to be placed under a military despotism , but that the jay by iheii Terdict of -acquittal would confirm VDd seal some of those privileges , in the enjoyment « f . which th y were on ail occasions priding themjdresasbeiDg superior to all the other nations of fee world . If any attempt was made to arrest the legitimate expression of pnblic opinion , they would tore the people to desperate remedies , which he tr&sted would never be found to be the result of » Tadiet of a British jury , impaunelled for the purpose of pnttinKslegiumate construction upon what constituted the liberty of the subject . The

    defeidim denied that any inference could be drawn fena ihe recent turn-out favourable -to the suppoaiticn that Jbe people intended to conspire together 1 st fee destruction of property , for no Hneh thing lad taken place 4 en the contrary , it had been adaiaed thai from the holding of the Conference up touhe present time , things had been traognillising iwra to their former peaceful character , Mr . H'Caxtney then almded to the witness Griffin , whom fie denounced as a man who had banished all the Kgbar feelings of human nature from his breasf , ¦ "bo had "violated every principle of honour and Sautude , for , . after shaving Tisited him ( Mj-Jd'Csrtney ) in the prison , sympathised whh him in ms confintment , congratulated him on his release , * aook hini warmlv bv the hand , on

    separattog from each other , and then this Tery JBan turned Tcundj - » nd furnished the infort * fc » n , on the strength of which , he was «« n arrested . With regard to the charge , the pendant designated the fc-ridenee whieh had been ^ -WJaeed in snpport of it , as flimsy , triflmK , andcons ^ nu > ia > le , and * B cn as they could not foaijd . a verdict sp , i i « n % upon . Mr . M'Cartney justified his attend-5- juice at « ie meeting of delegates , which he main-1 amed trts perfectly legal , and with regard to his « to » proceedings , he said he should feel it his dnty toperseTere in the adTocacy of the same principles , wkssly and boldly , though at the same time , j kfjjjffiw ely , and he hoped with that respect for the epmaa of others-whieh all men claiming freedom of 8 I »« haad thought , ought honestly to accord . ? oim the

    Afinson , next proceeded to address Jmry ^ « " he wasTelieved from the the necessity of doing Ua Attorney-General consenting to take a Ter-** ° * jLcgititial , the ovidence heing insufficient to ^ awi the charge . ^ - Beeslet , in addressing the Jury , said he * ouid not occupy mnch time , as he was conscious we Jnry would already be fatigued and wearied *? a tie incessant attention wMch this case had restorf « their hands so long a time . He wonld teeflj aliude to those cirenmstances of it which *?«« nied himself , and he trcsied they would re-**** from Ihe Jnry that consideration -which might ]^ r ! ^ to & ™ •» impartial Terdict . It was «« ieed difficult to see in what wa ? the e-ridence bore "Swast him at all 5 he ghonld perhaps h ? st have con-^ d lis interest by savin g noshingfor he leallj

    , tofw not conceive that there was any evidence at f-fsainst him- Nothing had been brought home ? * & » in connection wiih the case ; he had not £ 2 identified in or wiih it . No charge had even ^ aprefened against him , for be had never been j ^ ed on the charge contained in this indictment , f * he ever pleaded to it . Guilty or t * * Guilty , never having been required to do fTm , e ' ^ been sworn by Gariledge that * £ U ] r . Beesley ) -Tras a * tbe Conference , bnt no 7 *? n had been made to bring home this eridence jS ^ It had not been shewn that he was ihe C ^ : UaeaBt . There were many Beesleys besides Wr . ^^ he was no $ bound to assist the Government * 7 * U 3 » dBaesiDnsin secsamg ins eoaviction- Bnt ^^ . iewas awaTe of this , he had no wsn to « £ i bUBsdf of quirts or qaibblas . He was not the " ***> shdtei hliasdf nndei tli » false manile of eta-

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    Hont he would assert the truth always without fear of consequences . It had not been proved that he TV * *• ¦ < ? S ? S ^ ^ e was not going to JeSv it ; he was at that Conference . He went there at the request and as the representatire of tbe iSftants SKB ^ V ^ aSS SS'f . ^ - s- ^ s l ? £ rtF' ?\ be * t ^ ^ at from their verdict he should not learn it , that tho bare fact of his attending that meeting could beconstrned as a crime : ror he was there , he took part in the proceedings of the Conference , and the part !« f * T * ^ opposition to the strike ; not because he considered the strike to be uujustifi . able or . illegal , bni because in his lud ^ mfent it sion * bAWMiM «« = « ,+ « , „ t , v -i _ ... .

    T * as impoxitio to mix up the Chartist movement T * itn « . He thought it calculated to retard that movement , which his heart held dearest of all things , and hence hiB opposition to tha proceedings of those who saw no such danger , and who sought therefore tonse it as a means of advancing that movement , if hehadthonsjbt that the Chartist movement could oe thereby accelerated , he would have upheld the strifee , though he migh for so doing have been called conspirator or branded with any other epithet which the Crown lawyers might have thonght fit to apply to him . In his own district he had laboured to repress violence and to cause life and property to to be respected . He was too poor to bring witnesses to speak to these facts , but he knew them to be withm the knowledge of the Attorney-General , and he might appeal to Mm as his bebt -witness . Tho ¦ Learned Gentleman had sent out a commission ta

    enquire into the state of his neigabonrhoodi and he £ new thai the commission had been informed that tbe preservation of peace had been mainly owing io his EXer i ^ ° v s * The -Attorney-General knew thisTand it would but have been candid in him to have told it to the Jnry , and fcave saved him ( Beeslej ) the trouble 01 doing so . The only other matter of evidence agamst him was that ef Superintendant M'Cabej who deposed to having found in his carpet bag , when taking him into custody upon a former charge , several printed papers , purporting to be passed by the Uraference . He bad no recollection of these papers , he was not aware that they were in his carpet-ba at all , nor had any proof been offered to ihe Court or Jnry that these were the same papers that were alleged to have been found in bis caipet-bag . But , supposing them to be so—and he had no disposition to be nice about the matter—what then J What wss there in the poosession of these documents to

    criminate any man ! He was sorry they had not leu him an edd one , or he would have read it to them . < A laugh . ) Tfc < 3 Attorney-General procured one of the documents frcm off the Judge's bench , and handed it to the defendant . Mr . Beesley read it to the Jury , and then went on to say , that though he had opposed that resolution a * , the ConfereEce , he was prepared to defend it now . He maintained that there was nothing in it to merii the character which had been endeavoured to be fastened on these proceedings by the prosecution . The Conference had been sufficiently demonstrated by the learned counsel , who [ preceded him , to ie a legal meeting , and the resolution was

    one which any legal meeting was competent to pass . Mr . Beesley then went on to some other matters , not perhaps quite revelant to the issue , and which we , therefore , omit . He concluded by reminding the Jury thai they had an important dnty to perform , aid that though Bome , or perhaps all of them , might entertain political opinions different from his own , they were not to permit those opinions to pervert jadgment , and te warp the cause of justice . He claimed at their hands such verdict as the circumstances and ihe evidence required against him , and he felt quite confident that that verdict would

    be—-r » ot gailty"in any case . His principles would remain unaltered , and his determination to assert them equally so ; he was a Chartist : and whatever amount of persecution or imprisonment it might subject him to , he should remain a Chartist . Their verdict might eonsign him to a dnngeon for a season , bnt the time would pass over ; and when the gates should be again unbarred to him , and he emerged into the free air of heaven , he wonld be the same man . Ten thousand prosecutions could neither hurt nor harm him , for be was determined , while life lasted , to ssund the tocsin of the Charter as the death-note of tyranny and faction

    Christopher Dot ^ e , in addressing the Jury , denied that the Chartists were the authors of the late strike , and he referred to the meet : ngs of the anti-Corn Law parly for the purpose of showing that the language UEed by those parties , was far more -violent than that employed by the Chartists . He ( Mr . D . ) had always stood up for his rights , but he had done so fairly , honestly , and legally . On ail occasions , he had recommended tbe people to obey the law , even though it was a bad one , so far as their interests were concerned , and during the late strike , he had inculcated the same peaceful demeanour , and he himself presented Tioknce being oS ^ red to both persoiSiand property . "With respect to the Charter , the defendant said that some of its principles had been advocated by ihe Duke of Richmond , Charles James Fox , and the Marquis of Lansdowne , w vmm ^ j 11 ¦ r ^ fe v ^* 4 m ^^^ A wj ^ w ir . i u ¦ w aaA ^ v * ^^ jm . m * o ** w ii *^^* m

    and it was solely on account of prejudice that those principles were not generally acted upon now . Mr . Doyle maintained that it was owing to unjust laws that the people were discontented , and he believed that so long as a system continued which allowed one portion of the community to riot in unbounded luxury , while the other portion—the producers of all wealth —were in a state of destitution , and left to pine for the common necessaries of life , the people never would be contented , and order rould not be preserved in the country . With respect to the indictment , Mr . Doyle maintained the legality of the Delegate Meeting , and the resolution which had emanated from it , and concluded by saying that he should feel bound , in justice to his own convictions , to continue his advocacy of the Charter in future .

    Josathas Batestow defended the legality of au his actions , with respecj to the meeting of deh gates , vriiich he maintained was merely an assemblage of frceb-arn Englishmen , met together to discuss a great principle . Wiuluh Wolfkndkh adopted a similar Dne of defence , and denied having attended the meeting at Mottram Moor . Jaxks Ljeach addressed the Jury at considerable length . He showed moEt iacantestibly that the late strike was the result of desp rooted discontent on the part of tbe working classes , occasioned by

    nnjast laws and oppressive taxation , which subjected them to unceasing toil , to the lowest amount of remuneration for their labour , to great physical endurance , and to all the misery and privation which such a state of things was calculated to produce . Mr . Leach justified his attendance at the delegate meeting ; and as to the charge of conspiracy , he cheerfully appealed to those parties by whom he was best known , to say whether be had not on all occa sions enforced obedience to tbe law , and an abstinence from eveiy thing approaching lo outrage upon either person or property . At the close of Mr . Leach ' s address ,

    Mr . O'Cossob stated to his Lordship that he was the last defendant who had to address the jury , and , therefore , he had to ask for an adjournment till tbe following morning . The Learned Judge consented , and the Court roBe at seven o ' clock .

    WEDNESDAY—SEVENTH DAY . Mr Baron Rolpb took his seat on the bench at nina o ' cloek . Mr . O'Cosxob then rose , and addressing his Lordship and the Jury , said , that before he entered into a < xrasideration of this case be hoped he might be allowed in the first instance , to add his meed of praise to that which had already been bestowed upon the manner in which this trial had been conducted , from ihe beginning of it up to the present moment . The defendants had no right to complain—they had BO fault to find , and therefore Ih&y did not complain . He did not look npon tbi 3 prosecution as an act of kindness , or as an act of justice , or as an act of conrtesy . He went further—he looked npon it , as

    regarded himself , as an act of grace . After the evidence they had heard , if their verdict upon it was one of gailty , it would not convey to the public mind of this country half the criminality which before this trial attached to his character . When the occurrences ¦ which had been made tbe snbject of investigation first commenced , the press of all parties teemed with the importance of the case , —that it was one little short of high treason , and that he ( Mr . O'Connor ) was ihe prime morer in the various transactions connected with it . He was well aware that it would be impossible for him altogether to remove those prejudices which for years had been engendered in their minds . He did not seek to perform any such Herculean task , but if they left that box with those

    prejudices 3 £ ain . st Mb character less than when they entered it , then would he have achieved a greater triumph than even theirverdiet of acq- « ital could give him . They had heard several of the other defendants defend themselves , and speak disrespectfully of their yerdiet ^ -he meant disregarding it . He ( Mr . O'Connor ) only comparatively disregarded it . If he destroyed their prejudices , and if the law told them that they ought to find him guilty from the evidence , let it be bo i but , provided he destroyed their prejudices , again he wonld say that he should hail their verdict as a triumph . Tney were now to come back after thi 3 long and rambling investigation to something like a consideration of the real multi of evidence

    bnestion , and out of the plicity which had bsen thrown before the jury , all mixed up together it would be his dnty , although considerably relieved by tbe analysis of the evidence which his Lordship hid nisde , io bring their . minds bask to the consideration of the real charge , if any there existed , against himself and tbe other defendants . They must naturally supposa that in a prosecntion of this kind the AtiorneyVGeneraL . on behalf of the Crown , would lay his whole case before them . They must natu-: rSly conclude that he would support this prosecn-5 otT by all the evidence which he could poaablj mo-SL Es Admitted that the opening epeeeh of the Attorney-General was what the opening speech of a

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    lawyer and a gentleman seeking justice ought to be . It was a very different Bpeech from those which , under Bimilar circumstances , he had been accustomedto hear ; but taking it without any contrast at all it was the speech ef a lawyer and a gentleman . He _ asreed with the Attorney General that investigation was not only necessary but indispensible . After the state which had been represented to them —after the state which had been proved to them that this county was in for a considerable time , the Attorney Ganeral vVould have been jastly charged with a dereliction of duty if he had not made this solemn enquiry in a Court of Justice . - But another question followed that , namely , whether the right parties were before them : and

    that was a question -which he should have to submit to them by . and-by . What was the naturo of the crime with which the defendants were oharged 1 Did anybody understand it ? What was the reason that , in the course of these proceedings , the Jury had been compelled to confess that they were somewhat puzzled with the meaning of the indictment ? What was the reason that his Lordship had found it neeassary to relieve , if possible , the mist which surrounded it , and to place it in a olearer and more simple manner before the defendants 1 Why , it was because the Attorney-General had heaped together so many different charges as to make it impossible for any defendant to understand to what specific charge he was to apply himself . If this indictment had been

    brought before tnem in a legitimate form—if rioters had been indicted for a riot , if those who had caused tumultuous and illegal meetings had been indioted for that , if those who had been guilty of a conspiracy had been indicted for that , then his trouble would have been comparatively light , and the labour both of his Lordship and the Jury would have beeD much contracted . This , - however , the Attorney-General had not done ; having ferret : ed throughout tbe conatry for evidence—having produced that evidence before the magistrates—and baviDg so far substantiated their case as to obtain a committal , and not a single witness by whom it was substantiated having appeared in that Court to reiterate his testimony , another perambulating tour was

    was made to rake up fresh Evidence in order to stibstantiate these several charges . What did they want 1 Conspiracy was a ai finable thing . The moment that an agreement took place to do an illegal act by legal means , or to do a legal act by illegal meai ; s , that moment the crime was perfect ; it did not require two months to complete the crime , nor was it necessary to prove overt acts to Bubstantiate the charge . In order to prove the charge of conspiracy , not only must there bo a common design , but there must be a privity of knowledgeand that common design , and all the acts arising out of it , must go in furtherance of it , and on « conspirator must go to tho extent that tbe others did . These were facts which would shortly be laid before them by his

    Lordship , and therefore it was the less necessary for him to troable them at any considerable length . Bat lot them see by whom in the first instance , this case was proved . The Attorney-General , in the opening of his case , stated that the charge against the defendants was that they had conspired together to force a change in the law , by tumult and riot . There might have been some doubt as to the complexion which this proBecution bore up to the acquittal of Wild . Tnere was a desire on the part of the crown to avoid evidenoe relative to the strike for labour . He had not for the life of him been able to discover why and wherefore it was that the Attorney-General sought to gloss over the case , and to put a new faca upon it .

    But when he found the Attorney General consenting to a verdict of acquittal in favour of Wilde , because he did not stand to the Charter , then he discovered for the first time that this was a political pro 3 eoution . Then he came Va the conclusion that the Attorney-General had ^ Determined , whatever the evidence ^ might be , —nay Hot the Attorney-General , for let it not be supposed that he laid this at his door , —but those who had been engaged in gettiRg ap the evidence which was presented before the magistrates , in the first instance , seemed determined to obtain a conviction , and they now proposed to do this by calling an entirely different class of witnesses , to prove a totally different case of conspiracy . That was an important fact ,

    and one which he hoped the jury would bear in mind . The defendants were charged with a conspiracy on the 17 th of August , On this branch of the case , as he was more immediately connected with it than any other , he thought he might very briefly deal with it . He was charged individually with having excited the continuance of a striko then in existence . Facts vrcre stubborn things , and thanks to the Attorney-General , —thanks to that ingenuousness which had ever marked his character through life , he had acquitted him ( Mr . O'Connor ) of every charge in tne indictment . Up to the time of the strike , not only bad the Attorney-poneral acquitted him of any cognizance of , or participation in it , but he had goue farther ^ and he had borne honourable

    testimony to the fact , that he had resisted ) t . But let them Bee what this conspiracy was ; let them see how it had been carried on , let them seo what the documents referred to by tbe Attorney-General in hisopening speech , were ; let ihem see what the nature of them was ; whether they were justifiable or not , and whether they were legal or not . They had the evidence of tho two principal witnesses for tbe Crown—men from whom the poor defendan s would not consent to receive a character , because they would have felt themselves degraded and lowered in their own estimation , if they had done so ,- —it was npon the evidence of these Siameso youths that this charge mainly depended . What had they got out of them 1 Finding the state in

    which the country was , who ought to have been there to prove it ! Ought it to have been left to policemen , —to the garbled reports of men who were fent out as spies , to take notes of all that was connected with these transactions 1 or should it be th& men who were interested in the preservation of the peace ! Above all , where were the authorities ! Where was the Mayor of Manchester ? Where was Sir Thomas Potter ! Where was Mr . Maudef Where was Colonel WeymsBl Where was Sir Charles Shaw ! Where were all those who saw these transactions , and could have spoken to them ! Why , they were nowhere ! The crown conld have produced them . Tney had failed to do so . He ( Mr . O'Connor ) had done so . The evidence which

    onght to have been brought to substantiate the case , he bad bronght to answer the ca-e . Now what was the chaTge * The defendants were charged with a crime , which , if it were true , he should blush to stand up and defend himself against . Tnere was something so appalling to the feelings of every honourable man , iu a charge of conspiracy , that the mind recoiled from it with „ horror . Conspiracy ! what was it ? It was the secret machinations of a bad man to destroy something belonging to a good man . It was the most abominable of all crimes . He never had been a conspirator , and he hoped to God he never should- But what had they proved by these Siamese youths ! They had proved that the meeting of delegates was called two months before the strike took place . They had proved from the witness

    Cartledge that it was an open meeting . They had proved that reporters were admitted : not reporting for the Northern Star alone , but for other papers ; ard they had proved that no interruption had been offered to the admission of any one . What did Cartledge say * Rq admitted that the meeting of delegates was projected before the strike took place . Both he aad Gdffin admitted that the meeting was called to consider the reorganisation of the Chartist constitution . And they had a right to their constitution , if it was legal . He would not support it if it was illegal . Here , then , they had the character of the conspiracy . Here they had men who were known to differ , met to oonspire . Here they had men differing among themselves met to oonspire . But , then , they had combined . Yes , and

    " When bad men conspire , Rood men combine . " It -was true that the great political party with which he was connected , had combined . Combined ! For what ! For the furtherance of their own principles . —Not to conspire . It had been truly said by a vary hfgh authority , that never did good men mset for a good purpose , without beiBg thoroughly well aoqaainted with each other ; and never waB an instance known of bad men conspiring together for a bad purpose , without being well known to each other , and haviDg entire confidence in each other . Here were men met for the purpose of healing their dissensions , and he had proved that a reporter who was dimissed from his service , and who had , in consequence , some pique against him , was allowed tone Did

    present at the meeting , at his especial request . this show conspiracy ? After the character of some of the evidence that had been adduced , —after the fact of fhe notes of policemen being preferred to their own recollections ; after the fact that those notes had been tak « n in running hand in a crowded meetiflg , —their elbpws jogged j—after all this he did hope that something more substantial would have been offered on the part of the prosecution . He had hoped that if the noteB of a policeman were better than the recollection of a policeman , that tbe notes of a reporter , taken before he had consented to give evidence , if they had been produoed , might have been purged of much that was waged against the defendants . Bat the reporter had not been asked for those notes . Where were they ? In his

    depositions they were—here they were not . If the Attorney-General had been ahxiouB to obtain the best evidence that the case would admit of , why were not these notes read ! If there was anything in them proving the dime of conspiracy , —if there was anything proving a charge against the conspirators , why had they not been produoed ? It was said that the speeches made at the meeting were to be suppressed . Bat the notes were not suppressed , and therefore , not having been produced , he was justified in concluding that there was nothing in them which conld make against the defendants . Why what was the fact 1 A deputation from the trades had requested admittance to the Conference , in that character ; but in consequence of bis opposition , their application was refused , though at the same time they were told that either the ? or any other parties

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    might enter the room and form part of the audience , u t * ^^ ey heard from Griffin ! He said that IM i * * two ^ ° Pies of t address adopted by the delegates , one of which he sent to the British Statesman . Why ; did he not send his notes to the statesman ! Here they had the conspiracy developed , bo far as he was concerned . The Attorney General had said that he ( Mr . O'Connor ) was opposed to the strike . The Jury had only to deal mi th Lln \ ( r <» B the 13 th to the 17 th of August . They must be made perfectly aware of the manner in , 5 v * « ° f ; conspiracy could be got at . It would be their duty to look at all the magic with winon legal ineenukv had smrrAimffoH . thia « Ihm . » a

    of conspiracy . Why , he had thought ftwn the picture whioh had been drawn by the Attorneytienerai tnat he was one of an audience listening to some melodramatic performance . He looked for the propertie 8 -he looked for the m » sks ,-he looked for the daggers , —he looked for the blue fire , —he looked for the torches , the bayonets , and the pistols , by which this conspiracy to upset the Government was to be carried oiu . Horrible conspirators i Why , it was absolutely true that he bad travelled by night , m a train , with three hundred other persons . He then went in a cab by himself , because nobody happened to be going hia way-daughter . ) tie icit at

    halt-pfist five o ' clock in the morning , because that was the time theltrain starteddaushter . ) He Jett his owu house—he got to the Eustonsquarestation , and as he passed under the tunnels , he thought he heard atnidst the rumbling of the wnee ? 8 ,-the echo of the conspirators voice ringing in his ears- ( A laugh . ) He arrived at the scene where the conspiracy was first to be hatohed . He went to bed at 8 ix o'clock in the morning , and he never awoke till three o ' clock in the afternoon . On going to Noblett ' s hou = e , he eo concealed bimsoif ma cab that all the people came to Sf 5 e and flock round him —( Laughter . ) They knew from the appearance of the cab , and the smell of brimstone , that there was a Tery coaeDirator within

    it Ihe wheels knocked blue fir © out of the Btones , and in the midst of the glare might be seea— Peterloo- Hunt ' s Monumentstrike for wages—tumultuous meetings—riots—turnout the hands , and carry the Charter by tumult and violence !"—( laughter )' . He passed down to tho Sherwood Inn because he Was sent tor , Wh \ J to ascertain whether he would go to a tea-party , which was to be held in one of the most public parts of Manchester . A crowd gathered round . He requested them to disperse in order that it might not be said that he had done anything calculated to lead to a breach of the peace . Thus they would eee that hia firat appearance produced a crowd . What did he do ? He drove to the house of Mr . Scholofield ,

    one of the defendants , whom he had known for eight yearp . Why did he go there Because he had not heard that the meeting whioh was announced to be holden that very day , had been put off , and whence reached the house , ht found that Mr . Scholefiold had completed the good work before him . He had not remained long , before Mr . ScholenVld cama from the printer ' s with a bill . He was now stripping this indictment of its technicalities . He was , now showing them in what manner they were going to carry on a conspiracy . Mr . Scholefiold showed him the bill . He grasped his hand and said , " thank God . " He told Mr . Soholefield that if he had known this , he need not have come at all . But after having been elected two months before for a specific purpose , ho thought

    that if he had refused to attend , his motives might have been misconstrued , and , therefore , he was determined to appear , and throw his weight , such as it was , into the scale , and to use the best means he was capable of employing , to turn this from a disastrous strike into a peaceful strike for the Charter . Well ; then he was seen no more till the 17 th of August . In the meantime circumstances bad arisen whioh called for their interference as a political party , but they were , not to be found guilty of that . If he had too much popularity , let them find him guilty of that . If the party to which he belonged , had no right to interfere , let them say so ; but let it bo general , — that no other political party is the state should

    interfere . The conspirators met , and they remained in conclave for four hours , conspiring against the peace of the country . What did they do ? They passed an address , and they passed a resolution . What was tho character of that resolution ! Why , it pledged the delegates that they should continue the struggle until the Charter became the law of the land . Struggle ! said tho Attorney-General- What did that mean i Why , what did an election struggle mean ? What did any political struggle mean ? What did they mean by a struggle on any question in the House of Commons I Did it mean that parties should catch each otlior by the throat and strangle each other ? Ho . It meant that they were to unite and Bt&nd together . This all-important resolution , —this

    damning resolution , —this dark-lantern resolution , — what did it rofer to I To have the Charter then ? Not a word about it . What t ^ ey meant waa to continue the struggle for the Charter—not for the strike—until it became the kw of the land . But then , said the Attorney-General— " Tumults and riot are not legal . You have a right to oonteDd , if you contend peaceably , but not by tumultuous meetings . " There was no one in that Court more anxious to have a proper definition of the law on all matters connected with agitation , and with meetings , and with politics of every description , than he was himself . Nor did he think he could produoe to the Jury a higher authority than the Learned Attorney-General himself as to

    what constituted a tumultuous meeting . He ( Mr . O'Connor ) did not ask them to take the law from him . He had attended more public meetings than any man living , or than any man that ever lived before him , and he was never yet charged with committing a single breach of the peace . On the contrary , he had often prevented it . The Jury should hear what was the opinion of tho Attorney General as to what constituted a tumultuous meeting . In addressing the court at Newport , in an important case , this web the opinion of the Attorney-General on that branch of the law . The Learned Gentleman said " Gentlemen , the law cannot be altered by tbe conduct of those who are called upon to obey it ; and I make that admission to my Lords upoa the bench ,

    because , in the few remarks that I am about to make upon this part of the ease , 1 do not mem to say that any change of the law has occurred by reason of the relaxed discipline of society that has prevailed for same time past . But 1 do mean to say this distinctly ^ that from what has actually taken place , from that which has been permitted , perhaps , G ntlemen , in some instances even sanctioned , a very different estimation is to beheld of publio meetings , ay , gentlemen , and even of armed meetings , from that whioh might have been formed some twenty or thirty years ago , and that the object and the intention of the parties may justly receive at the close of the year 1839 , a construction far more favourable than , perhaps , could fairly have been conof

    ceded in earlier periods of the history this country , that you and 1 are familiar with : for 1 do not go back to very remote periods . " This was the opinion of the Attorney General , explicitly laid down as to what constituted a tumultuous meeting . Now , the Learned Attorney General was at that time eugaged in a proceeding which he might well suppose would go through the length and breadth of the land , and as if to give time to public meetings and strengthen their character , the Learned Gentleman went through tho details of a large publio meeting of no fewer than 200 , 000 personS jj ^ in London , and then addressing the Jury in the ease to which he ( Mr . O'Connor ) had referred , he said , ?'

    Gentlemen , under the name of agitation , what haa not been done almost in every town and in eveiy corner of this kingdom \ And if we pass—ana , gentlemen , 1 shall do this lightly , because 1 do it re luotantly—if we pass for one moment , and take a glance at tho sister kingdom , there familiarly we hear talk of a petition from 500 , 000 fitting men . Gentlemen , 1 say no more upon this point , but 1 call upon you to remomber these transactions when you come to deliver your verdict on the guilt or the innocence of tbe prisoner . And let it be understood that so far as' permission , if not actual encouragement has been afforded to such proceedings , that it wonld be most ucjust to use the same measure that was formerly in use as to the motives of parties . It

    would not be justice to weigh in the same scales as were formerly used the transactions about which you are making inquiry to-day , " The Attorney-General told tho Jury , at Monmouth , that the Reform Bill had altered the character of the constitution . They had heard of a petition from 500 , 000 men in the Sister Kingdom ; but theywero not to look upon that as a tumultuous meeting . True , it was , that the penal code had been relaxed , but the political code bad been contemporaneously made more stringent . The Attorney-General charged the defendants with attempting to upset the constitution and to change the law , by tumultuous meetings . Let thorn see whether this did not come late and with a bad grace . Let them see if , independently of

    what they learnt from the acquittal of Wird , there was any thing more lurking at the bottom of this trial . The Jury had received evidence there , but there were other sources from whioh they had received it as well . They took the law from the legislature . Were they not bound in a transaction of this kind to defer with respect to such high authority as the Lords and Commons 1 Let them Bee what was the opinion entertained there as to the origin of the late occurrences . He would give them some of the best names , and the highest authority of thia or any other count ? y . He

    would give them the name of the most finished man , taking him all in ail , of whieh England could now boast . He ( Mr . O'Connor ) differed with him in politics , bnt a man with such a mechanical head , with such combination and power of mind , as Lord Brougham , there was not another , f Mr . O'Connor here alluded to a recent speech of the Noble and Learned Lord , in whioh his Lordship expressed an earnest hope that the proceedings of the anti-Corn League ought be elicited at the now pending trials . ] Some persons had sought to make Lord Brougham appear a madman . Would that he ( Mr . O'Connor ) were such an one . Now . let them see whether the

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    House of Lords and the House of Commons agreed in . one thing . But before he did that , and to show what misrepresentations issuedj from the press , he would just say that he had the ? unqualified contradiction of the Attorney-General to a statement which had appeared in the newspapers ; that he was coming dowa to Lancaster to proseoutethe leading offender . Tae Learned Gentleman assured him that he had never UBed those words at all , and that he had been gro = sly misrepresented . j { The Reporter was obliged to send off his packet before the whole of his notes of Mr . O'Connor ' s address weri transcribed . \ The remainder will appear in our next Eiition , ¦ and will be inserted in our early Editions nest week : so that each reader will have a full report of these important proceedings ] !

    EVIDENCE FOB DEFENCE . Mr . William Scholefield , examined by Mr . Cobbetc—1 am son of tbe defendant . 1 reside with my father . On the 16 thof August ! last , Mr . O'Connor came to my father ' s house . He slept at our house that nigbt . He was called up ac half-past two in the afternoon . We did not expect him . My father went out of tho house very early in | the morning of that day . He went to get some placards printed . It was very near six o'clock , when he returned . The placard now produced is one announcing the

    oostponoment of a meeting . MrJKearnan was the printer . 1 was sent by my father to get the bills . 1 placed some on the walls . : By Mr . O'Connor—1 remember your telling my fathar to go down to the tea party at the Carpenter ' s Hall , and make au apology for your not attending , in consequence of the excited state of the town . 1 recollect there was a long conversation in the family as to whether it would be prudent for you to attend . It was ultimately agreed that my father should go and make an apology . :

    By the Attorney-General—I don't know how many persona wero in my father ' s chapel on the night of the 16 th of August . |[ did not go in . I know there were some there , because I heard them passing the surgery window . I went to bed at ten o'clock . There was a light in the chapel . I don ' t know any person who was in the chapel , except Mr . O'Connor . 1 don't know who furnished the candles , except it was my brother . He is not here . Mr . O'Connor went into tbe chapel , when my father went to the Carpenters' Hall , which would be a little after seven o ' clock . 1 can ' t say how many persons passed the aurgery window . There might be a doz . n . When my father returned from Carpenters' Hall , he came into the surgery to me . Ho was not in the chapel during that night . 1 did ) not see the address of tae Executive Committee before Thursday , the 18 . a of August . 1 do not remember any person coming to tell my father that Turner , the priater , had been arrested .

    John Norihcott—I am servant to Mr . Kearnan , printer , of No . 5 , Georgleigh- treec , Manchester . In the month of Auguss last , 1 remember my master printing some bills for Mr . Scholetield , the defendant . I took some of them to his house on the morning of the 16 ch . He did not at that time give orders for them to be posted ; but he appeared extremely anxious to have them put as early as possible , 500 of the bills were printed , which were suffioent to post the whole town . ; By the Attorney-General—MyS master printed the plaoard now produced— " Run f , or Gold . " It was printed before that for Mr . Scholefield , 1 think on the Monday . 1 can ' t say who ordered them . By Mr . Cobbett—My master { prints a . l sorts of placards . There may be half a dozen sorts printed in one week . ¦ John Brook—I am brother-in-law to Mr .

    Scholofield . I am a joiner . On the 16 ch or 17 th of August I was at work at his premises . On the 17 h I frequently went into the surgory to receive instructions concerning the work . I was engaged in painting some gates . The chapel is situate between the gates and the house . Mr . Soholefield came down to me several times during the time . ! He came through the chapel , not out of the surgery ; By Mr . O'Connor—I remember your coming to Mr . Scholefield , at half-past fire in the morning of the 16 tb . You waited till Mr . Scholefield came from tho printers . I know a man named Griffin . I remember that Mr . Scholefield once gave him a job out ot charity . Griffin and I had repeated conversations about yon . He said he had lost his situation as reporter , and that he ] would " walk into yon . " He said he would be revenged upon you . I told him he could not . He replied that he could , and that I should be astonished when I knew how it was

    done . This was before you oamelto the house . John Cockshou—I am a butcher in Manchester I was in Mr . Scholefield ' s house on the 17 th August , between ten and eleven in the morning . I went to get a buttle of medicine . I saw Mr . Scholefield . He was iir the surgery . He had a few patients that he was giving bottles to . Taerc were a number of poor people there who were begging tickets for soup . He gave them some . j Henry Holland , examined by IMr . O'Connor—I reside at Burnley . I [ am a block-cutter to calicoprinters . I keep a temperance coffee house . I am a tec-totaller . Previous to tbe beginning of August last , the factories were working short time . There was great distress and excitement ; among all classes . Inconsequence of that there wasistrong apprehension of danger . 1 remember many meetings being held about that time of an jexotting character . I communicated with you ; aoout the latter

    6 bd of July , as to the state of the district . requested you to come down , and to allay the angry feeling which existed . You camejdown . I attended the meetings you addressed on jtiiac occasion at Bnrnloy and Colne . They were very numerously attended . That at Burnley was numerously attended by all classes in the town . The general tendency of your address at both meetings , in ) my hearing was calculated to allay the excitement , and 1 am happy to Bay that it did allay it . A mill was burnt before you Came , and 1 believe a reward was offered for the perpetrator of the crime . You referred most emphatically to the transaction , and told the people that the surest way to impede tho Charter * was to resort to acts of violence . 1 remember a meeting of shopkeepers being held at Blackburn , at whieh all the points of the Charter were adopted . I attended a meeting , at Burnley , and your temperate exposition of the Charter reconciled all classes .

    By the Attorney-General—The meeting at Burnley , was held in a tent erected ! for the purpose . There were from 15 , 000 to 20 , 000 j persons present . To the best of my recollection ic was held about the latter end of Juue . 1 was at a meeting hold in tbe Town Hall , in Colne . It was densely crowded . 1 went there in consequence of my anxiety to allay the excitement which prevailed , and to hear Mr . O'Connor . Notice was given of the meeting . 1 was not a delegate . i Sir Thomas Potter , examined by ) Mr . O'Connor—1 am a magistrate residing at Bewley-hill , near Manchester . 1 remember the excitement whioh prevailed in Manchester , in August last . 1 conceive the Reueral character of the strike , in the first instance , was for wages . 1 heard that a procession was to have taken place on the 16 th of August last . 1 believe the reason why it was abandoned was , that the magistrates informed Mr . Scholefield , that it

    would not be allowed , and he said he would do everything in his power to prevent it . 1 consider that the deportment of the people , at tho time , was peaceable . 1 heard ot the procession on the previous 16 th of August . 1 never remember a more q&iet 16 th of August in Manchester than ] the last . About the time of the strike , two men came to me , and said that several manufacturers w < jre paying lower wages than others , and they wished for an equalisation . They wished me to try to procure a meeting between tho men and their masters . A man named Bell made % report to the magistrates , at the Town Hall , that Mr . O'Connor had arrived , but we did not think it necessary to take any precaution in consequence . The impression upon my mind as to tho disposition of the people was , that it was peaceable . From my knowledge of Manchester , 1 think the condition of the people was most deplorable , in consequence of the high price of provisions , and tbe low rate of wages . i

    By the Attorney-General—I don't remember what number of special constables ; were sworn in in August , but I should think 400 or 5 tiO . Tne firat week we had 500 troops , and after that we had a considerable re- inforcement . We probably got 1 , 500 more . I alteuded at the Town Hall . The Magitstratee attended there day and night , for full four weeks . The commander of the district was at the York Hotel , which is close by . The speoial constables attended there , too , day an'd sight , for at least a month . On Tuesday the 29 th of August I saw nothing particular . On Wednesday , there apbe of

    peared ^ to a great deal excitement . I once headed " the troops to the railway , as we had beard there was an intention to destroy the line . I oau ' t give the date , but 1 think it ws . 3 89 me time the following week . I think there , was a ) general advice given to the millownerg by tho Magistrates not to resist the mob . Individually I was not afraid . The hands in the mills appeared to be { quite ready to turn out . There was no force required . I can ' t say why this advice was given . One young man came and asked it he could fire upon tne mob , as he had a cannon , and could destroy a great many of them . We told him to do no sneb thing .

    Mr . George Boyle Chappell examined by Mr . O'Connor . 1 am an alderman of Manchester , and have lived there more than fifty years . 1 remember my mill being stopped . There waB jnot a vestige of damage done , nor a squaTe of glass broken . The mob said they did not wish to damage property , and the hands appeared to be quite willing to turn-out as those who went to the mill , were desirous they should turn out . 1 conceive myself , from what 1 saw in the course of the proceedings in Which 1 was personally engaged that the people had struck for wages , and 1 must say that having been in every mob in Manchester , for the lastfitty years , 1 ; never saw ans mob behave themselves better , or more respectably than the ? did . There has been a reduction from the year 1836 , up to the present time of ' fifteen per cent . on the raw material ; but tbe reduction in the price oi manufactured goods in that time has been 50 percent ,

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    The depression of trade and the falling off in profits does not enable the manufaotm-ers to give the tame rate of wages ; but still 1 think the destitution which prevailed arose more from those who were unemployed being thrown upon those who were in employment , than from any absolute insufficiency in the rate of wages paid , supposing the means of employment to have been general , instead of , as was the fact , very partial . I am no member of the Anti-Corn Law League , nor have I subscribed a single sixpence to any political party whatever . 1 went as a delegate to Sir Rube-re Peel , at the request of a number of my fellowtownsmen , for the purpose of laying a statement of facts before him , and expressing our opinion . The Attorney General—1 must really objesi to this evidence . Wo are not here eo discus 3 the existing distress , or the remedy which is to be found tor it

    . Tho Judge—I think we can't hear statements of this kind ; thby are not evidence . Mr . O'Connor—Then I ask no further questions . James Kcrshaw , Esq . —I am Mayor of Manchester . I was a magistrate in August last . I hare resided in Manchester all my life . I have a sreat interest in the preservation of the peace . There has usually been a procession in Manchester on the 16 t . h of August . I remember tfae time about which the magistrates issued a proclamation last year . I understood it was intended to have had a procession ou the last 16 < , h of August . The magistrates s ? d

    it should not take place , and those engaged m getting it up complied with this wish . I am a caiico printer . My works were stopped on Taussday , the 1 ( th of August .. There was no damage done to the works . I believe the hands went out willingly . The last 16 > h of August passed off much more peacfaoly than we had anticipated , and , & 1 compared w : ? h the previous days , much more peaceably . 1 thiuk the greatest excitement prevailed on the 9 h . lOch , Ihh ^ and 12 th . The working classes were suffering great distress . Speaking of them generally , I think their conduct was good . There were some exceptions .

    Mr . O ' connor here stated that Sir Ralph Peiidlebury had been Biibj . ee aed as a witness , but tha . he had sont a certificate to say that in consequence of labouring under indisposition , he coaid not attend . ¦ ¦ . ^ . Mr . Isaac Cleak Pray examined by Mr . O'Connor —la August last , I was the registered proprietor of the Evening Star newspaper , published in Londun . I remember the suppression of publio meetings in London , in the mouth of August last , about tho 23 rd . You were Editor of the Evening Star . You would not receive any remuneration ; or your services—not a penny . You gave notice that all letters , whether private or not , addressed to you

    in London , should be opened in your absence . 1 have opened hundreds of letters marked " privat e . " Your instructions as to what was to appear in the Even ' ing Stor , were that we should not admit anything in favour of the strike , or of an exciting character . I always thought it was your desire to make the country as peaceable as possible , and I thought you sincere . 1 know Griffin , the correspondent . 1 gave orders for the payment of hia salary . 1 considered Griffin ' s matter so inflammatory , that sometimes 1 cut the whole of it out , and sometimes a part . In fa'ifc 1 thought he was aiming to entrap me as pro * prieior * of the paper . 1 remember reading a letter irom Griffin , in which he asked you for money to tako him to America . '

    By the Attorney-General—The Evening Star commenced at the latter end of July last year . 1 presume Mr . O'Connor lived in London or the neighbourhood . Mr . O'Connor—1 wish your Lordship to ask the witness whether the Evening S ( ar was noc principally supported by the operatives , and circulated throughout Lancashire . Judge--Was that so 1 Witness—It was . Mr . James Holliday , examined by Mr . O'Connor

    —1 am a manufacturer residing at OWnam . 1 have known you since 1835 . 1 have attended various meetings at which you have addressed the people . The general tendency of those addresses was not calculated to lead to a breach of the peace . 1 have heard you complain that you had been much misrepresented , and that consequently much prejudice had been created in consequence , la the speeches whioh 1 have heard you make , 1 have thought that they were distinguished by great zoal and energy , and considerable physical strength .

    By the Attorney-General—1 have bean accustomed to make speeches myself , on various topics . Mr . Titus Brooke , of Dewsbuvy , examined by Mr . O'Connor . —I have known you &s a publia man for tcu years , and psrsonallv , for six or seven years . The neighbourhood of iJewsbmy has frequently been ia an unsettled state- I have heard you address public meetings , and make exhortations to peace , when there was a , disposition to be turbulent . That has been the fact on all occasions . I never heard you say one word which was calculated to lead to a breach of the peace . Among the working classes your character is generally admired as a lover of peace . Among the middle classes you are not so much admired ; but 1 think they are prejudiced . I think , taking the whole of the population , that they would accord to you the character I have given .

    John Par , examained by Mr . O' ^ jwraor—I am your steward in the county of Cork . 1 have lived in your family upwards of thirty years . 1 have lived with your brother . He left me ten pound a-year , in consideration of my character . 1 have frf quently seen you stand in the fields for a whole day with your labourers , 130 in number , conversing with them . From all , that 1 bave known and seen of yon , 1 can conscientiously state that yon were always for peace . 1 remember the disturbances in the County of Cork , and the violence offered to the Magistrates and the military . You induced the people to give up their arms , and deposited them in the servants' hall With respect to your tenantry , yon have builfc stone bouses , where formerly mud cabins existed , aud you have given the ground rent fres . You paid a higher rate of wages than any other landlord .

    Mr . O'Connob—My Lord . I am merely eliciting this to remove an insinuation which I thought the Attorney-General had thrown out , that I had employed the Northern Star as a medium of agitation , for the purpose of pecuniary gain . The Attorney-General— 1 beg to assure Mr . O'Connor that 1 imputed no such , motive . I was far from insinuating any such thing . I would not have the Jury to imagine me capable of doing so . For if the testimony just now given had not been elicited , the Jury could not fail to witness the creditable deportment of Mr . O'Connor in their preaence . He had met Mr . O'Connor before . He had mot him at Monmouth on a , very important ocoa * sion ; and what he there saw would alone havo prevented him from even entertaining any disposition to disparage Mr . O'Connor .

    Mr . John Ardill examined by Mr . O'Connor—1 have been your clerk ever since the commencement of the Northern Star . 1 know that large sums have been paid by you to parties who were incarcerated for political offences and to their friends . 1 have frequently wriitcn to you to Bay that 1 could not honour your drafts they have been so numerous in this way . During the time tha ' . you were in York Castle , you paid money to the Northern Star office . 1 believe that scarcely ever any party applied to you for money , when you did not give them some , or anthori&e me to do so . 1 have attended some meetings at which you have been present . 1 should say

    that your charaoter is far from being an agitator for anything but peace . 1 have heard you denounced many times by working men , for stopping the physical foroe movement , aud 1 have seen letters to that effect . 1 know you have p ? bid a higher amount of wages than any other newspaper proprietor in Leeds . 1 have known men be absent from the office foT a considerable time , in consequence of indisposition , and their wages were paid , just the same as if they had been at work . Mr . O'Connor—This , my Lord , 1 urge from no motive of vanity . The evidence is important to me in point of character .

    A person named Chamberlain , living at Manchester , was called to prove that he had placed a copy of the Address of the Executive Committee on a bo ^ rd , at the shop door of Mr . Leach , one of the defendants , without his permission . The defendant received an excellent character from a party who had known him for many years . Mr . O'Connor here announced that thU was the whole of the evidence which it was intended to offer on the part of the defendants .

    Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary. The First Volume Of This Cel»-

    VOLTAIRE ' S PHILOSOPHICAL DICTIONARY . The first Volume of this cel » -

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    " = =========== THE NORTHERNJTAR 5 T ~~ ~~ ' ¦ ¦ —— — ] : ¦ . — ¦ —— - —^ = ± = x = s .

• Citation
  • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 11, 1843, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1203/page/5/