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Northern Star (1837-1852), 30th July 1842, Edition 1 of 5, Page 4, Untitled Article

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    • THE FORTHEEN STAR. SATURDAY, JULY 30,1842.
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      Untitled Article

      KOTTXH 6 H £ JffSHXB 33 . GREAT CHAETER DEMONSTRATION IN HOKOTJE OF P . O'CONKOa , ISO ,. : MoifDAT , JULT 25 . NottuBgcan exceed the enthusiasm of those meetings ! The death-knell of the factions has been again rung out by 40 , 000 tongues , and new life and spirit-infused into the giant of popular will . Mr . O'Connor , arrived in Nottingham by the Derby train at ten o ' cloekj and almost immediately drove in an-open carriage into the Market-place , to join the procession to the Calverf-on tea-party . The Market-place of Nottingham , one of the most beautiful and spasions squares in the kingdom , pre ^ Senied one immense m&S 3 of hun > an bernes , _ over ¦ whose heads floated a goodly number of beautiful flags and banners , garlands , and Star portraits , got np for the occasion , with admirable taste .

      A fine military band was in attendance , and upwards of fiity carriages , loaded with respectable well-dressed persons , each decorated with garlands , devices , mottos , &c , drew np in order of procession ; amongst them we remarked the following : — - The Shoemakers , with the splendid banner of their Union , led the van , flanked with the beautiful green alk tag of the Rice-place National Charter Association . The motto upon the Arnold flag ( also green ) was—Injured . Justice demands the release o ? Frost , Williams , and Jones . "A green Cap of Liberty , bordered with gold . , Garricgton flag , motto—In - 'honour " of Feargns O'Connor .

      The carriage containing Mr . O'Connor , Messrs . Clark , of Stockport , Vicars , of Belper , Sweet and Langnire , of Nottingham , E . P . Mead , of Birmingham , was preceded by the band , and decorated by portraits of Frost , O'Coniior , Emnaeit . &e . j with , garlands . In another cat wa&a profile medallion of O'Connor , surrounded wiih a garland , and crowned with laurels , motto—Now let merit be crowned—the banner ' s unfurl'd , The signal of triumph all over the world . And numerous others .

      Ml , O'Coksob addressed the assembled thousands for a very considerable time , and the procession XQOved on in beautiful srder np Cumberland-street , and along the Mansfield-road , accompanied by nearly the whole popalation of ihe town ; as far & 3 Arnold , four miles of the rente , the spectacle w £ s a sublime one , when the Carrington , Basfbrd , Arnold . Bucknal , and BullweH Associations fell into the line of march ; iha day was splendid , and the Beenery of the wnsle lino of maTch was beauiiful indeed ! Abont s . mile from Calverton , their Association , headed by the Sutton brass band , met us , leading the procession , with several beauiifnl fla ^ s , banners , garlands of fresh and living flowers ; and

      the scene on entering this peaceful village was ] most striking ! We drew ap in an open space .- at j the extreme end of the village close by the church , and being introduced by Mr Yicars . Mr . O'Cotcor , j bare-headed , beneath a "blazing sun , again addressed the multitude . Then the people gave three cheers i for Frost , Williams , and Jones ; three for O'Connor , j and three for ihe Charter , when we a : once pro-1 oeeded to the festive Bcene , A tent , forty yards by ] teni erected in a beautiful pasture bounded by splendid weod , a marquee , and various stalls , ex- j hibited a coup Sal inconceivably grand- Nearly , j a thousand of ihe sons and daughters of toil partaok j of excellent tea , plnm and plain cake , bread and butter , Jfcc , to their hearts' content . Too rsnch }

      praise cannot be given to our worthy old frknd , Mr . George Harrison , member of ihe late Convention , and hi 3 honest dame , for their indefatigable j attention to the accommodaiioa cf the Chzriist ; friends . At one time we suppose thtra could j not be Ies 3 than 5 , 000 persons attending this moral fete , in honour of O'Connor and the Chapter ; I all sorts of innocent amnsements—kiss in tLc riug , country dances , and fun , ad infinitum : amongst J the resswe observed & Nigger , a real Js iggur , ac-1 companied by tw& fiddlers , dancing Jim alon ^ Josey in real Nigger style . At seven a wa ? gon was dra-. vn j into the dose or meacow , T ? hieb lerinina ' . es in s ! rising height , wb-tre the people stood in sTrpbi- tiieairlcai ordtr to hear Mr- O'Connor ' s address , cf '

      which we cannot give eves a mere ouiliEe . He .-poke j nearly two hour j ; aiid wh ^ n completely tired out he retire amid the reiteraicd thoaUof the graiined and immera * multitude . We calculate a vast | amount of good has l ^« o done . The lads and las-es ! kept np the amusements or »«* h > , recitation , &c . ' Mr . Mead took , the chair for tfie e ** - *^^ 2 dr . i Ticars , of Belper , and oar young froiic-iovinft I friend Paddy Clark , from Stockport , addressed the \ company in the course of : he n : ^ ht , acd the bonny ; moon was " glanting her horns i ' lh the lif : sa high , " j and the ruddy hue of Aurora enamelled the horizon , 1 ere the happy assembly separated to . snatch ' a brief j repose ^ to ea&bie them to bear the exertiuu of to- j morrrow , at Sntton-ni-Atliikld . i

      One circumstance we mu .-: not emit , in oraci that it may act as 3 caution to cut oopr friends , especially to enr lecturers . There -is evidently » : -rignaaiespioac-gs kepi up bj Government . 4 P J of our Newark izieiKis have feretted outanimiividoal of this genus , who ^ foHowed fi-ea to Cslyertoa . ; He I ft as frequented their room and jsirotfnMd-nnHeelf to I severalof our leemi era , trying to nftont what are ; our ulterior measures , and talks very big about oar Charter cot going far eiieegb . In this way he tried to eutrap Daily and MesJ , but vrfisrnot wiiy eno ^ za j to disguise his cloven b * of . He ia a sleader . thin . j ¦ higfily respectable looking individual , -with a dark i snrtqus and fancy trousers , carries a silver-soon ted j rattan , and has the appearance of a military efficer . j

      He has bo O 5 i « is ; bl © paeans of iivin £ , and nobody has any knowledge of him or Msbnsinesa in Newark , j Be followed the Newark psrty to Calverton , t , t&s \ pointed oa * and interrogated , bat denied ever having been ia the Cbanist rood , tSl Mead identined him . Trnl * onr friends ongbfc io bs cautious . The silent 1 Bysiem would be certain death to some of them . I Tassdzj morning , -vrs started from Calverton , aS nine , Mr . O Connor . Barrrion , Mrs . Harrison , Ticars i of Belper , Ckrk of &ockport , in the carriage , - and j Commodore Meaa on the box . j Aa _ a report of the speeches wonld be useless , as description cf the scenes of this day's eventful history j is all are can attempt ; and it is , after all , bu ; an at- ; tempt—a mere rou ^ li skeieh . - ¦ - i Within about three miles of Mansfield , stands ! — ~~ ^ ~~™^ ^ "i" ¦ ^ # *^ . ¦ ¦¦ ** ^^ 7 ^ & mi Ifcllt ^ ii *^ 'i * - * A MJ ~ i" T J 1 1 f I 7 J

      Byron ' s oak , at the gate leading toNewstead Abbey ; here the avaat-eouriers of the day * B grand ppectac ^ e I met ue , Iike . ^ o many running epistles of Chartism , j each containing a pithy paragraph printed upon various slips of coloured paper , fluttering in ihe I breezi , from the napless hats , tattered caps , and bars j poles , of these jnveail-e Mercuries of CbartiiOi . — j Amongst these pithy sentences we observed the fol- ' lowing : — ] More fat pigs , and fewer parson ? . Holbmy and Clayton were martyred by the Wh ' gs . The judgment of Hearen is labour for food , bat the judgment of kings ^ is loii and starvation . Welcome , welcome , brave O'Connor . " ] Frost , Williams , and Jo : ; 8 s—never forgst them . We will , we will , we will be Free ' . 11 Down with the Corn law husou " , and up with the Chart ?* .

      A tear of sympathy for the martyrs—Cli-ytcn and Holbsrry . There was a blacfe fi 3 g also belonriag to Snttor , bearing this motto : —• ' Thou 533 ] : do no murder /' and on the reverso— " We ars men of ptace . " Pesos , law , 3 nd order . ThB Charter , and no mislske . Ha 3 thoa whom-the peopl-3 delight t-o honour , 7 &s popTiH , Vox Dei , i- ' - - -L Equal rights for ail—Cheap justice . Th ^ e and tnany others fluttered ia the breeze .

      Th&nutn'ber of these living epistles , read and understood of all men , was surprising ; from six or eigbtTo eighteen or twenty ye ^ rs of age , we suppose more than 400 met U 3 a mile or two in advance of the TJr oc ^ on , aed ran . along vrfih ihe carriage . At lsngWtwecajnsnp with ths ranguard , headed by a fine band , a ^ d the bi&ck banntr used at poor Hoiberry ' a foneral , and numerous flags , of all siz- ; 3 , colours , devices , aud tbs 3 , from the toy paper one of the young Feargus ' s , of wiiicli sort there were a pretty considerable number , to banners taking up the whole breadth of the road . The entree int 8 tht town of Mansfield was splendid .

      After bearing our iimiimtrable emblems of liberty round the town , the high priest of Chartism ( 13 Lord Claude Hambleton calls him ) inonntcd the Lusiiags , and Mr . HibQaid , a working man , being called unanimously to the chair , Mr . John Hambliug read the placard containing the requisition , when the following resolution was moved : — " That thi 3 meeting do adopt the memorial to the Queen , agreed npon by the late National Convention of the "working classes . "'

      This having being seconded , Mr . O'Connor , in a long and stirring address supported it , and concluded amid thunders of applause . The magistrates were Bitting in conclave in ths Towa-fa » U . The toiled lobsters stripped off their shells , were erawliBg abont in all directions , as thick as land crabs" in Barbadoes burial grounds—persons Tvho had been selected by these sapient Dogberries to collect scraps of oar speeehes upon paper ; bat we onderstood the trap too well to be caught . We are

      too old sparrows £ 0 be caught with chaff . Thomas Cla ? k of Sbockpork , Vickera ot BeJper , and Harrison each addressed the meeting briefly Three cheers were given for the Charter , three for 0 'Ceanor , aad threfr for ftost , Williams , and Jones , * and we separated till four o ' clock , when the trumpet again sounded the gathering note , and we Etaned for Satioa , three miles of road , with thirty or forty thousand hnman beings , two military bauds , and feundreds of banners . Belper seat twenty j 3 fotthfch » m . Calvenon , Alfreton , Haeknal , Arnold ,

      CauamsM , Sheffield . Mansfield , Satton , and sennfi ofcfeer localities lent their ensigns of Chartisn = fejtheMB * e » sion , and augmented their immense

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      Akont two miles oat of Sntton , the Female Cb&rtists , two and two , bearing most elegant garlands , and headed by a large black flag , with a white lace border , bearing this touching device ;—M A tear 0 ! sympathy for the martyred Clayton and Holberry ;" Flanked by two elegant garlands of black and white crape most tastefully designed , were met ; the joung females bearing them , and also those bearing the other gay and elegant garlands , were dressed in white , with black handkerchiefs and bosnets . At length the moving rnass entered the village . O ! heavens' what a sight ! Doors , windows , and walls presented hundreds of Chartist motto ? , Star portraits , flags , garlands , oak-boughs , and evergreens , and roofe d windows , and walls -were crammed with human baings . The sKouts , as we passed the . street ? , rent the welkin . In our passage down the high ' n , we passed under several triumphal arches , which

      were suspended across the street from house to bouse . At length we reached the hustings . Mr . Samuel Fox , being unanimously called to the chair , read the placard and requisitionists' names . The memorial was proposed and adopted . Mr . O'Connor again addressed the assembled thousands amid thunders of applause and '" God-blefS-you ' p , " and was followed by Clark , Vicars , and Commodore Mead . We then repaired to the tent—a spacious erection , and carious , too , as spacious , the sides and ends being composed of house and chamber doors , the covering , of bed quilts and counterpanes ; it was fifty yards long by fifteen wide , and abont twenty feet high , elegantly adorned with port-raits , flowers , eTergrcens , devices , chandeliers , flags , and banners . Tco tea and accompaniments were excellent . — Commodore Mead sung , — " Awa ' , Whigs , awa ';" responded to the sentiment— "Thepeople , the only source of legitinu ' . e power ; " and delivered an enthusiastic speech appropriate to the sentiment .

      Mr . Hardy , of Arnold , sung , — " The brave Northern Star ' , " and the Commodore gave , aa a sentiment , — * The Tories suspended from infamy ' s gibbet , and the devil pelting them with Whigs . " — A song by a young man with excellent taste , — " Then here ' s to the man . the brave true man , who stands in our cause . " Tha Commodore gave the health of the bra ^ e true man , Feargus O'ConnoT , with three times three , withiBirmingham . broadsides , in regular ship-shape . An address was then presented to Mr . O'Connor from the brave lads and la ? ses of Suit on , to which Mr . O'Connor returned thanks in a most eloqucat speech ; after which a native poet sung a most lau £ habl ° . comic song , with recitation , which , elicited rounds of applause . - Mr . O'Connor then retired with his friends , and we started for Nottingham in the carriage about eleven o'clock , and arrived there about two .

      " Thus ended the gTeat and magnificent Demonstration for Nottinghamshire ^—one of the most splendid and enthusiastic ever witnessed in tbeso parts . We believe this will indeed make Tories tremble , Whip curse God and die , and the working millions resolve to be frea !

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      TO THB £ DIT 6 B OF TJ 1 E JiOKIHEKS STAB . Dsar Sir . . —I have been asked a thousand times about tie filing , model of Hunt ' s monument , but could give no answer ; if you would instrt the following in tae Star of this week , it would satisfy many of your readers , and save me the trouble of ¦ writing , and the expense of posting , & large number of letters . Toura faithfully , Wm . Gbifpin . S , Robert-street , Bank Top , Manchester , July 2 Tth _ J Bnrsleni , July 26 th , 1842 .

      Sib , —Ton may perhaps think I have been neglectful in not writing to you sooner respecting the Hunt ' s Monument ; but the fact is the colliers have turned out , and consequsrtly there has been no coal to be got , ¦ which has prevented me from firing ; but I have now between upwards of two hundred passed through the first kiln—they have to pass throcgh two more fire 3 , wfeich I shall bs able to accomplish in a few days , and then I will send yon a specimen , cpan tha reception cf which yoa will please to send me \ 70 rd how they are approved of , together With any ether information yon . may / thint necessary . I rema-D , Yours very respectfully , TV m . Beach . Bell Works , Snrslem . To Mr . Wm . Griffin , Secretary to the Hunt's Monument Committee .

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      TO THE CHARTISTS OF GREAT BRITAIN . AN APPEAL TO Ihv . SY 3 IPATBISISG CHABTlgl PfBLIC ON BEHALF 0 F 2 IKS . BOBERTS , OF BIBMITrGHAlI . Bbethben , —On the 21 st instant I received a comunmicaticn from the nnFo ? tUE 3 * e and bereaved Mrs Roberts , oC Birmingham , detailing her sufferings and destJ' -itic-n . If assdaiacce be lot promptly and tfficiently rendered , = . b . e and h € i fatherless children vnll fee driven to the horrible necessity of seeking shelter in a Whig and Tory baeUle . ¦ Oa Sunday evening last , I related her trnly distressing case to tha mesfng of the City of London Chartists , fhen the mm of eisht shillings and sixpence was imrceoiaiely subscribed ,

      fehe wishes to be provided -with a mangle , for "which Purpose , together with other requisites , I trust that s sum not less than £ 20 -sill be raised . With the fullest confidence that this appeal ¦ will not be made in vain . 1 am yours in the cause of humanity , . , Dorrington-street , Richard Camebon . - Cold Bath-square . P . S . —I shall ba happy to receive any sums that may be subscribed fer Mr . Roberts .

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      SOLUTION 0 ? THE ASTOUNDING ANOMALY , THAT OVER-PRODUCTION OF CLOTHING AND FOOD , CA > - ASP DOES EXIST AMONGST A STARVING AND PINING PEOPLE . "We live in queer ticies . Every thine ; arotrad us betokens vrealth : and tveivwliere is the crv of

      poverty and ruination raised ! Our means for producing wealth have iccreased in an almost laeilculable degree ; aud yet destitution and misery arthig Irora the want oi the barest necessaries of life increases en every band I One entire class , tie working cla ? s , are eneinring the most horrible and hitherto ( ia England ) unheard-of privations ; and another class , the shop-keeping olas 3 , are fast approaching the same condition !

      We livo ia queer times . Every thing around ai 3 seems to be anomalous ; but the most astounding an-i moat perplexing anomaly of all , is . " ovtBPKCDrcriOS of wealth co-exlslent with destitaiion and . vfa . nt amongst its producers and distributors !" We are aware thit" over-pboductjo . v" is denied We are awsre that cuekoo-sayings are bandied about by surface-skimming economists , the moment H ovEB .-produation" is named . We are a" ? rare of the question : "how can there be ooer-production , when

      the people are starving aud naked" ! We are aware of the cry : " over production means that the people are too industrious . " We are aware of thesa stock pkrases , and a good many more mouthed forth by the Anti-Corn Law gentry and "Extension of Commerce" advocates : but , maugre it all , we mean to show and to make plain to men of common . understandings , that " ovsh-p&oduction" can exist along with poverty and misery ; n&yj that " ovbsfrgdcction'' causes poveity and want amongst a trading community .

      It would be enongh for oar purpose ( were we disposed or forced to rely solely on it ) to point to the fact , that from a certain point , as Great Britain has increased her means of producing wealth , in the same proportion has her people been reduced from comparative plenty to want and destitution . It would be srfBcient fop ns ( had we " nothing eht ) to point to this fact : that as production his increased from a certain point , so also has increased penury and indigence . It would be sufficient for us , were we so disposed , to throw this fact into the teeth , of the denyera of " oveh-prodcciion , " and ask them to account for it on any other hypothesis . Bat we Khali not so act . We will show

      the why and the ichere / ore . We will show the modus overandi . We will make the subject understandably rlaia and clear .

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      That poverty and indigence have increased with production , is a fact now admitted on all hands That increased and increasing want is endured by the tvro ma' n classes of society , the producers and distributors , the workmen and shopkeepers , is attested by even the " Extension of Commerce" men themselves . In fact they are now , even at this moment , pressing most urgently , the fact , that the working people are starving to death ; that they are utterly unable to procure for themselves the commonest

      necessaries of life ; and that the shopkeeping class are reduced to bankruptcy and qdin . The " Extension of Commerce" gentry ; the denyers of " over pnoxrcenoN . ; " the Anti-Corn Law Conference , are now , at this very time , pressing , urgently , vehemently , importunately pressing these fact 3 upon the attention of the Minister of England ! There is no dispute , on any hand , as to the existence of dire distress and privation . The Minister himself admits it , and deplores the fact .

      That our meaas of producing wealth hare increased during the last fifty years in an enormous and astounding degree admits also of no dispute . The introduction of the steam engine ; the increased application of water power ; the invention and employment of the spinning-jenny , the mule , the-will y * the throstle , the power-loom , the Lewis machine , the heckling machine , the combing machine , the flax-spinning machines , and a thousand * other ? , which are well known to all engaged in manufacturing processes ; all these things betoken an increase of means for producing wealth .

      To understand this subject thoroughly , however ^ we must particularize . We must endeavour to ascertain what the increase in our means of . ' production really is . We must compare our means in this respect at the present time with our means some sixty years ago . In 1792 we are stated to have ad a population of 15 , 000 , 000 . By far the greater proportiott of that population was occupied in agricultural pursuits . Manufactures were , with them , a secondary

      consideration . They seemed to act according to the dictates of nature : food first : clothing the next . The inventions of Watt and Abkwiught were then aew . Their introduction into use was but slow ; yet they were being introduced . The population , too , possessed at that time other mechanical and scientific power . According to the Siatioiansof the day , about one-fourth of the population were engaged in manual labour . At that time , however , hnman labourers were men ; not women or children .

      The producing power of England , at the period we speak of , haa been computed by thoso most conversant with the subject to have been : — Manual labour ... ... ... 3 , 750 , 000 Mechanical and scientific power equal to ... ... ... 11 . 250 , 000 Total ... 15 , 000 , 000 The population was ateo 15 , 000 , 000 . Thus the aggregate productive power and the population in 1792 were about equal , or as one to one . The condition of the population then , was that which it has never since been . Indeed they experienced a degree of substantial prosperity , equal , if not superior to that of the inhabitants of any other part of the world . Pauperism vra 3 comparatively unknown . The poor rates amounted only to

      £ 2 , 000 , 000 ; and oui of them were paid , as now , the county rates , salaries , and law expences . Now , wo are told , the poor rates amount to £ 8 , 000 , 000 !! This can bo accounted for . The manufacturing system had then attained that poiot which gavo the highest value to manual labour , compared with the price of the necessaries and comforts of life , which it was calculated to afford ; and it had not then introduced the demoralizing effects which soon afterwards began to

      emanatefrom it . . . »>—> . nras the amount of producing power in the y ? nr ] 702 : aau «~ , h was th « »*»*« « f * & ¦ " pupi « a ? lation . Let ua now see how both these matters stand at iho present . . Manual , or rather human , labour has been increased . The labour of women and even children ha 3 been called into long unceasing daily action . To such an extent has this been the case , that Stiticians now estimate that one-third of the population are engaged ia hand labour , instead of onefourth as computed in 1792 .

      But if the producing power of-England has been increased by a-ddiug to her jnan-ual labourers tho wives and daughters , and the infant boys aud airla , of working men , what , O what 1 has been the increase in her mechanical and ecientific power ?! In the-year 1817 , when the population was esti ^ mated to be 18 , 000 , 000 , it was found that there had been a real increase in our mechanical and scientific power to produce wealth eqaal to that of 173 uoh more than two hundred millions of stout , active , well-trained labourers ! an increase equal to more than ten times the then population ! an increase equal to more than thirty times the manual labour England could then Bupply for the production of wealth '!

      In 1817 , then , the producing power of England stood thus : — Manual labour , ( oiK-third of the population , 18 , 000 , 000 ) ... 6 , 000 , 000 Ncw ) y-created Pci ^ niific poTrc-r , from 1792 to 1817 . understated 2 ^ 0 , 000 , 000 Scientific power in 1792 ... ... 11 , 250 , 000 Total producing power ... 217 , 250 , 000 !!! The population at this piiiod , as vro have before seen , was 18 , 000 , 000 . The proportion which tho producing power now bore to the population was as twelve and a fraction to < me * In 1792 the proportion was as we-have before sees , just equal , — as one to one . Here r / as an increase ! What OK ^ ht to have been the re . ' -uii , I The people ; the whele people ; workmen as weii as mssttra ; the producers aud tho

      distributors ; all bugb ' t to have been twelve times richer in 1817 than they were in 1792 f They had increased their cuaaa of prodscirg wealth frcm the proportion of one to one , to more than twelve to one ; they ought to have been twelve times more wealthy The workman cnghtto have had twelve times the amountof wagesin 1817 than he bad in 1792 . Tho employer and distributor ought to have bad twelve limes the amount cf profit . These things clearly ou ^ ht to hava flowed from such an increase to our maans of producing national wealth .

      We will noi stop here to inquire whether this was the case or not ; whether the cosditian of both employer and employed was the better , or worse , for this vast increase in ocr producing means . We will not enter upon that inquiry here ; but proceed to ascertain what tho amount of our producing power is at the present moment ; ascertain ' what has been tha increase siucb the year 1817 . The population at present , as appears from the last censu ? , is , in rcuiid numbers , 27 , 000 , 000 . As

      the employment of females and children sinco 1817 has not decreased , but , on the contrary , greatly increased , we adopt the last estimate , that one-third of our population is employed in hand-labour . ( We are now arguing generally ; and not with reference to the present " depressed Btate of trade" as it is called , and consequent want of employment . ) Those most conversant with the question aver that we have now a mechanical and scientific producive power equal to the labour of more than six hundred millions of hands" !

      This ia ao random ftuess . It 13 theTesult of deep and searching inquiry , and extensive practical knowledge . One of the means to ascertain the amount may be here stated . It will give an idea of the kind of data on which the conclusion just named is founded . " " : ' Some time ago , three of the prinoipal British manufacturers of cotton yarn in different parts of the kingdom , made separate estimates of the quantity each workman in their respective establishments ~ produced , compared with tho average production of one person on the plan formerly pursued ; that ia , with hand-cards and single

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      spinning-wheel . They found , on examination , thit they agreed in ; the conclusion that the proportion between the quantity produced by one person with the then machinery and one man on the ; former plan , was as one hundred and twenty to one . ' Subsequent improvements have , raised tie proportion to that of more than two hundred to one . It is computed that there are above 300 , 000 persons employed in cotton-spinning : in Great Britaia . It

      would therefore require 60 , 000 , 000 of work-people to produce on tho old method , and unaided : by the late mechanical and chemical . inventions . and iniprovemenfe , asmuoh cotton yarn as is now produced by iho 300 ^ 00 ! Nowv 60 , 000 , 000 is just onktknth of GOO ^ OO ^ OOj—the estimated : ¦ present amount of meohanioal and scientific producing power : and yet cotton-spinhing is only one branch of one manufacture !

      The present amount of producing power possessed by us , then , would appear to be :- — Manual Jabour ( one-third of the population , 27 , 000 , 000 ) ............ 9 , 000 , 000 Mechanical power ......... ........... 600 , 000 ^) 00 Total producing power . > .... 609 , 006 , 000 ! !! Showing au increase since 1817 of power equal to trie labour of 371 ^ 56 , 000 "hands ' 11 ! The propomoa which our present produoicg power bears to the population is more than twenlyitn ' n-tn- ' tma ! ! !

      We have before argued on the assumption that one-third of our population is engaged in producing . It follows , from that assuinption , t }; at each producer in EDj » hnd at the present moment is enabled , by means of mechanics , chemistry , and other sciences , to produce as much in any given period of time as would , before 1792 , ' -have 1 taken sixty-seven workmen to produce in the like period ! 1 Great Britain , therefore , SHOULD BE sixty-seven times rriere wealthy liOWHhan she was then Iff !

      What is the fact ? Let the ^ Corn-Law Re ^ poalers answer I Let the "Corn-Law Conference " answer !! Lefc the statements laid by them before the Minister answer ! 11 Let the Squeaking meetings ; of tho shopooracy answer ! j 11 Let the loud outcries of ^ starvations " bankruptcy * - ' * RUIN " answer J !!!! Let the Qiieen ' s Speech and the "SYMflATHISINGS" of the Premier answer H !!!! Let the stripped homes , the shirtless backs , the Bhooless feet , the empty bellies of the producers

      answer ! i ! I !! J Let the fact that more than onefourth of the population of the very town in whioh we write ( itBelf ono of the best in the whole kingdom ) w pauperized ; let that one fact answer . !! 11 ! Here is a strange faot ; vfhen our productive power wa 3 , a 3 compared with our population ^ only one to one , we found means to exist { and to exist comfortably , too ; now ihut yre have a productive power increased to the proportion of twenty two to one , we are in the very jaws of death , from famine ! !

      Let the reader ponder over this fact well 1 Let him weigh , and canvass it in all its bearings Let him study the lesson it gives ! It teaches that formerly ono 1 sixty-seventh part of Eugland ' s present means of producing vrealth afforded herpopulation subsistence and comfort ! It teaches that an increase of those former means sixty-seven times over has not added to the meal-tub on the bread-creel of the working man I It teaches that the comforts ho once enjoyed have been snatched ^ from him ! It teaches that tho working men of England are hot ( from some means or other ) permittod to enjoy anything like so much as a sixiy-SEVEN'TH part of the wealth they produce !!

      Whenoo this evil t From " over pboduction ' ?! is our answer : and thus we prove it . Every step we hare taken iu increasing-production , from 1792 to tho present moment , has been a step in the downward path of Ruin ! This is proved beyond all dispute by the fact , that we were comfortably off , " well-to-do , "when we started on the journey ; aud are noitf ruinep ftvp . n lnha hnfnrfl we bave arrived at our journcy ' a end ! This fact completely and unanswerably proves our position . All the reasoning : all the sophistry ; all

      the epeciou 6 ness ia the world cannot up ? et that position , unless it can ; alter the faot . Wo mere " well-to-do ; " we have increased our productions iiattj-seven times over : in the . exact proportiofn as we have increased those productions , in exactly the same ratio have we decreased the workman ' s means of comfort and even hard living ; and we have eaded in a consigament of him to penury , destitution , and death ! while we have brought the Bhopkeeping class to beggary and ruin ! !! Now why is this?— Attend .

      Wealth is the aggregate of those objects that supply the wants and contribute to the comforts of man . He who has a regular supply of the objects of necessity and comfort is a wealthy man : he who has not this regular supply is a poor man . It is evident that if each main could produce /•/ himself nil tho articles of " wealth that heneeded , he would be a wealthy man ; and no possible injustice could happen in the distribution of his ^ products for he would himself consume that which he produced . ;

      Such a state of things , however , is impossible , without giving up the immense advantages attending a division of labour , and a returning back to what is denominated " the savage state , " A workman oaauot pfoducowith ad vantage either to himself or tho cooimunity more than a very few different kinds of wealth . Those , it is evident , cannot Eupply all his wants . He : can i himsolf , only use but a small part of the things he has produced : and the rest he must exchange with those of his fellowmon who have , in like manner , produced a Burplus of other articles of wealth .

      H : ncc arises Commercial Exchange , or T » ai > - I ^ G : and it is the manner in which these necessary exchanges avo NOW made , that produces want and poverty I In other words , it is the present system of Commercial Exchange that deprives British labourers , in some way or other , of more THAN SIJCTV-SIXTIETHS OF THE TRODUCE OF THEIH . INDU 8 TRY I AND CQNS 1 G NS THEM TO FAHINE BECAUSE THEY HAVE OVERSTOCKED THE MARKET , AND BECOME USELESS AS PRODUCERS !

      Let us trace the working of the system . Let ns suppose England to be inhabited by one large family , the various members of which are of various occupations : sonie groworfl of food ; others builders of houses ; othevs naakers of wearing apparel , arid others bakei-3 of broad . Further suppose this family producing for its own consumption ^ The farmer would have to exchange some of his graiu with the maker „ . of clothing : for whilei the one cannot do without £ rain , tho other cannot do

      without covering . The builder would exchange the products of Aw labour witit both : for whilo shelter is neceBsary to ali i he too must have food and dress . And so throughout the wholo family . Tofaoilitate these exchangesj they would make use of money as a medium of exchange . Haying established , s , sland ard of value , tia . Q one ^ would-sell his surplus produoe , and buy tho surplus produce of his brother . Thiis is the Commercial System in its simplest and least injuriouBforBO .

      Further suppose that this family are just able to supply their aggregate wftnta j thSt the farmer growBjust enough of food ; the builder makes just enough of shelter ; the weaver and tailor produce just enough , of clothing \ the ^^ b ^ er is able to bake just enough of bread * in eliort , suppose that the family's means of production are , in propbrtlon to their number , just one to one i" is it not apparent that with such a simple form of necessary exchange

      alx xnu&t be comfortable 1 The farmer , as soon as his grain is ready , brings it to market and finds a ready customer . With the money he receives for bis produce he goes to the twlor and buys what ho needs to clothe himself ; and the money he leaves with the tailor , as the ^ representative of the wealth ^ iyen him in exchange , enables thelatter to go to the baker to buy bread : and thuB each Would ire * gularly obtain the mean ? of purchasing the different articles of wealth he daily required .

      Untitled Article

      An increase of ^ produotive power would greatly increase ^ he aggregate -wealth of the family . Each one would then be able io Bupply rnuch more than bid portion towards the feinily wants . What follows ;! Why , that ¦; the martot ; is overstooked . The supply is greater than : the * deman <| . The farmer ^ brings his grain to market , hut finds : that eaoh one -is supplied ; with food ; and ho cannot sell . The weaver produces . hia cloth ; bnt every one is already clothed , and ho moire is required . What then follows 1 Why , that the farmer ^ though he has grain enough and to spare , can gek uothing else : the baker baa bread ; but ha can obtain no money yrherewith to ____

      purchase other articles of necessity : the weaver , though he has plenty of cloth , cannot procure food fora singlo meal 1 If we suppose that these persons have saved \ -isi little money , still they will purchase but sparingly , not knowing where they . may obtain more * Diminishing consumption increases each member ' s stook on band . At last tho market is fairly glutted . Then one farmer , or other producer , lowers his price , that he may undersell the others . Others are foroed to follow his example , though consoiouis that by so doing they iare obtaining ' lest and i | ess for their labour . Even low prices yriR not induce the members to buy more gram or more of other produce than their means will permit them to consume : so that such relief is but momentary

      and is ultimately ruinous . What ; then , remains to be done 1 To look out for a market abroad , ; where the wants [ at other families are not so fully supplied ; and thus dispose of their surplus produeo for the money they require , to obtain from their brethren the necessaries of life . But here another difficulty presents itself . The means of pyoiaatioa increase , both at home and abroad . The foreigner requires less and leaa . The English famtty must make more and more . To induce a purchase , they reduce their prices below those of the foreigner . This increases the difficulty . To make up ^ for reduced prices , longer hours of work are necessary . More must be produced to make up the former sum . Still the markets

      are full arid fuller : and still production is increased and increases . The labour of the " little one" is called in to aid the father ; and ultimately the mother is forced to take her stand by the ; side of both . This but adds fuel'to the fire . At last the foreign market is glutte'd , as well as the home market . The warehouses and granaries are weighed down with wealth ; and the producers of all are compelled to starve to death because they cannot sell ; because they cannot procure MONEY to bay the different articles of wealth everywhere abounding ! ¦!' ! *¦¦ becauso the members of the family have , each one , so much wealth that they cannot find msans to exchange products with one another U because , in fact , they are over-supplied with all the necessaries of life to such a degree , that

      THEY KNOW NOT HOW TO PREVENT THEIR MEMBERS STARVING FOR WANT OF THEM !!!! This Would be the state of a family under the present Commercial System , even where every one is a producer ; and where every one nas the opportunifcy of keeping hiaown products to himself till he can either sell or barter them for other products he needsfor his 6 U 3 tentatioii and comfort . Apply the supposed case to our actual condition : and consider , if such be the case where everything ia in favour of

      the producer ^ as far as the , keeping to himself his own productions is concerned , what must ba the condition of those who are obliged to daily sell their physical energies for their daily bread |! Each one in that state is not or ER-supplied .-and yet his want arises from over-production ! The produce of his labour is not in his own hands , for sale : it is , however , in the hands of others , waiting for sale ; and Misbecame it is unsold that his employer does not buy more of his energies :. and there he is ! starving , —because he has produced too much !! 1

      Tho Political Economists wh « n they speak of the impo ^ iOiHcy Of ^ " over production" leave ono Or \ Wo essentials out of their calculation , which make all tho diffarenca between * their conclusion and ours" ! They forget , or will not remember , taat there is buying and selling in connection with our presont Commercia 1 exchan ges : and they also forget that buying aud selling is necessary in order to other buying and selling . The accumulated produce of labour must be sold , before other labour can be employed or bought . If the market is overstocked , no first buyer can be fdund . If the first one is wanting , the second is wanting too ! and thu ^ , all is at a dead look . !

      An anecdote told by an old friend , of ours , whose teachings on this subject will notsoon be forgotten by thousands of the working people , will truly illustrate pur present position . He represented tyro Maacli « ster mea as having met in converse on the " hard times ; " and that Bill had just asked Joe , " when he thought times would mend " The answer was : " I kouno tell . Theaw knaws ' at warehawses ar' au full ; an ' ' at we konno get wark ' till ther ' n emptit . They konno be emptit ' till we get ' n brass togo beouy t' stuff . We kouno got brass ' till we gefc ' n wark . ¦; an' we konno get walk 'till we

      get ' n brass . So thaw sees we ' arau fast togeither !" ' A perfeot picturo of England ' s present condition I and a poser for the demers of oves-pRoduction ! 1 Andiis it always to be thus ? Does it necessarily follow that every increase in the means of producing weaUh must lead to this dire result ? Is that whioh must , in itself , be a blessing , always thus to prove a ourse ?! Must it always be that an increase of wealth must increase our poverty % Is not it pas ? sible to prevent over production , without at the same time preventing the illimitable inoreaae of wealth 1

      No ! things are not always tobe asthey are ! It does not necessarily follow that the increased and increasing poverty of the people must be the price of an increase in the means to produce national wealth . It is possible TO PREVENT over-production , and yet allow of the illimitable increase of wealth ! Other principles . iiowever , and other practices , to thoie adopted by our present Commercial men must be brought into play . The necessity of having to wait for buyers of labour's produots before labour itself can be bought , must be superseded . The benefits and blessings of every improvement in mechanics must be secured to all . Then , produce away ! Then , enjoy youraelves , every one , to the top of your bent ! Then , no want ; no fear of want !

      Then , no ¦¦ ¦ over rcouucriON" !¦'¦' - ' . " . Imagine , that whed the members of tho family we formerly Euppo&ed , were locked complet ^ Jy fast : for want of a market > both at home and abroad ; when they were starving for want of the respeetive . articles of wealth , of which , in the aggregate , they had . more than enough ; imagine , that , when in this state , they had agreed to dispense with buying and selling ; * & *** & ea < 5 h one to place his particular sort of wealth in one common stock , from which a // should be supplied as he had need ; and suppose , further , that they had agreed that all the wealth eaclions afterwards produced should be so dealt with : imagine this ; and tell us , could Over-propuction then exist ? Let the " Extension

      men" answer ? Lot them crack that nut , and proclaim what sort of a kernel they find 1 W / e 1 hare learned how to pr < kiucc vrealth : we have not yet learned liow to distribute the wealth we produce . .: ¦ " . ¦ . ' . ¦" . ¦ - '¦' .- ¦ - . . . '; V " ^ .. : V . ; . . .. ' . ; ' ¦ ¦ . ; ' - v ^ . ' Ourposition ^ then , w ^ jjfosen ; " " Over : production of wealth ? can and doeb exist amongst a starving and pining people . MOvbb production *' of wealth is ^^ Commercial System . But over production .-may \ be

      superseded ; and full play given tothe energies and inventive faculties «* f iaipa , ^ with & fWl certainty of adding to tho coiaforta and blessings of all ! The latter object certainly cannot bo obtained by listening to the demands ; of those who bawl " and threaten for another Extension" of oar present oommerce : while it is equally certain that that Extension '' would continue to us ia an increaaed degree all the evils wa are how enduring from "OVER pkoduction /'

      Untitled Article

      THE EXECUTIVE AND THE LEJCESTERSHIIIE DELEGATES . V' It will be seen , on reference to another cblumu , that our Leicestershire frienda hare put ; ua ** ia » pretty considerable fix , " as Brother Jonathan -would say , They have come to resolutions , which * they reoommend to theserions consideration of theirChar tist brethren throughout the Kingdom ; and in which they dissent very decidedly ifrom some of the opinionBj and . censure very freely , some ^ ta of the Exeoutiv « i while they require information Regarding others , Not to have published those resolution coursej haye been to "Burke "; the resolutions

      of the people ; publishing ihem , we shall , of course ; be said to " denounoeV the Ex ^ ecutive . Having , therefore , no escape from both . Scylla and Gharybdis , we chobse t ( |> publiflh them , and leave them to the ^ people ' s consideration And , while we do so , we will merely jast observe , that we think they merit the serious attention of tha Executive . They ; come from a very large and important section of the Chattist body j to vrhogo opinions and convictiona considerable deference ia due . We know that Chartist 3 in other localities besides those of North and South Leicestershire hold similar opinions , especially on the matters referred to in the first resolution .: ; .. ' . ¦

      Individually , our opiiiion is that if the Leicester * shire friends require only their own satisfaction on these matters , the business might have been better done by letter to tho General Secretary , thaa in thia public way . If , however , as seems to be the case , they wish to haye the opinion and sense of their brother

      We think their demand for explanation in the first resolution is almost as Vague as the statements they require explaining . They should , in our judgment , have pointed out some , if not all , of the particular iteims oi " postage , " and " agitating expencea , " which they think heed exposition . This might hava materially lessened the labour of explanation on the part of the Executive . ? We sincerely hope that the assertion of the second resolution , that "the sixth article :- - ;' of the plan of organiaation , whereby it ia provided that , a book shall be kept by ; the Executive Committee , in which

      shall be entered the names of the inemberaof thisassoc ' atipnj throughout the kingdom , ' hag beeen heglected , " may prove to be unfounded . If this be indeed so , the Executive have grbsely and shamefuliy neglected their duiy } and have wantonly and needlessly exposed themselves and the whole Association to much danger , which proper attention and a littla trouble would have precluded ; if it be not so , our Leices ' ershtre friends have been very hasty in their conclusions ^ and are highly censurable for their indiscreet public attack on the Executive , on a matter which they had always the means of knowing ' .- / : ; ; ¦ ¦ - .. '' .: , - ; v :. . .: . rV . ; - ; \ ' :. . '¦'¦/ .. : ; : V . ; . ; . , :. r . ;

      We believie thatall our readers will bear witness ; ^ that from the first , establishment of the Association , } , ' / the Executive have always found in us steady and •; cdnsistent supnorteral we vralk anxiously for ih ^ ir .. J response to the resolatjons of the , Leic ^ ersnir , © , ^ delegates ; and we tell the delegates fairly thajt , we ,-. shall be well-pleased to see them answered , ; to : &eirjic own perfect satisfaction . ; ,: V ; . ; - ' : - ^ Meantime , the whole Chartist body willlook for ., ¦ . ;; the result with ah anxiety not less intenBe than . ;<; ours ., If the Executive : meet and pass ^ through this : -. investigation triumphantly , they will weave for

      themselves a web of public confidence more enduring thaa even that which they havehitherto worn ; if they donot the people will be nothing daunted or discouraged ; they know that disappointment always follows those who trust implicitly to men as individuals , they will knpw that though the Executive as a body of individuals may have forfeited their confidence , the organization yet remains , the masses axe yet firm to our glorious principles , and the triumph of demooracy , will but be manifestod in t ^ fact of all matters of personal esteem and reverence being merged in one common , earnest , aad all-absorbing cryof duty . ; . ' . " ¦ ' " ,. ' ' . ¦ ' '¦ ' . . . ' . . - ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦/ - ¦ : ' : ;

      Untitled Article

      THE ANNULLING OF THE JUDICIAL ' . ¦ . \ . . " \ FUNCTIONS ; " THE POLICE CONSTITUTED JUDGESII Our readers will perceive from the report of th « debates ia Pariiament , that the Staffordshire "victims are to have no redress . The petitions of the people , and the motion made on behalf of-the sofi ' erere , are , as per custom , treated with contempt : ; and Sir Robert and Sir James seem determined to prove themselves worthy successorg of Castxereaq andSiDMOura . " ^

      The Chartists now see the exact position in which they stand . All that any thick-headed or blackhearted constable needs for the dispersion of a Chartist meeting is that he be disposed to disperse it ; he being the sole judge of what is legal and what is illegal . And all that he needs to make the most illegal capture perfectly legal is' the verdict of a middle class jury , founded upon his own evidence . He may then snap his fingers at the world ; audit becomes a base and wicked libel in any mail not being an M . P . ia his place in Parliament , to Bay that his conduct was not deserving of ail praise .

      Well , woll , so it is ! and so we augur it ever will be , until .- " the powers that be" are consigned to the : ' J tomb of all the ^ Capulets . When the Ethiop changes /> his skin , and the leopard his . spots , then , but hot fi till then , can we expect justice to emanate from the' pest-house of faction , dr mercy to ooza from : the '" i 1

      callous heart of an oligarch . ; - - : Jj ' - Mason and his colleagues are hone 3 » men- ^ ineft "'' intent upon aiding in the work of political regeifr- ^ ratioir—men who from their souls abhor- the ' ¦¦ ' 'J cannibal system which , ia its bahefnl o ^ ration 3 a 3 ' - ^ spread poverty and its numberless cbhcomitaht evils ' throughout th 8 whole length and breadth or the " land ; theyVare men seeking the good of theii ' country and kindj and men too of spotless character .

      Should ' we marvel , then , that such men are the . ' .. ' prey of the insatiable wild beast ^ who prowl , or ^' send prowters , through the land in questofyictima I ¦; No ,, we marvel hot . They were- marked men . and - ; j wemayrestassured that they are not the only marked ; ^ men . The snare of the fowler is still laid ; and as ; ^ tho end of despotism drawa to a close , the number ' j of yictima will multiply , and those Viotima , Will ^ lw *' the bravest and choicest of ourtroop 3 . This ; is ono .. H of the last kicks of tyranny : bat we conjare tha ^ people not to be exasperatod thereby , as 4 ha £ irftfcS ^ - great desideratum . ' of our rulers at the pre 3 ent ^< fl *^ ^ tUrev : V' \ - " .-:-V \ -- " ¦¦ ' - ; :. > V \ : \; , ' : - :- : l '^ , 'n- 'di

      Keep a sharp look ont . Eye well youricbmpanyjr particularly new oomer ^; ^ tch ^ merit of each ^« trangeri for suoh ^^ b « aB ^^ yM ^ - J Thinii hot that the pragmatical nincompoop of-ri Sedgeley , yclep'd the '* * . consiable ^ : iaf the ' pnly . ^ pander of the ravening y ^^' w ^^ ill-fated coahtry ^ -:. There ^^ . jxa ^ i ^ i&cm ^ evna ^ . kidnoyj with ; " brief aaChority , " and without r and ^ alltheBe will be held guiltless Tbyth ' a' ciique ^^ i , ^ administer the lavya ,. 9 ^ ¦^^ g ^ : . ^^ i ^( st fm ^ ibe the atrofiity of tbeirdeedsi the ehield of nBurped ^ powejr willbe held oyM « iheaji whfl * ft& ^^ f 0 $ oppressor ' ^ nMpbl ^ ( raf ^ po ^ unsuspeofcipgvioUm . ¦ * '" . '"' '¦ y ; ' ^ . ¦ ^ . '' ¦ ¦ ¦/ ..:-: yy

      Untitled Article

      wm STALEVIilllDGS . —On Sunday evening , -we had a g : orious lecture delivered in ou lioom , by Mr . P . m . Brophy , from Dablin . Mr . Brophy impressed on hia hearers tne necessity of coming forward and joining the * Charter Association , A number of men came forward and enrolled their names , and took their cards at the close .

      The Fortheen Star. Saturday, July 30,1842.

      THE FORTHEEN STAR . SATURDAY , JULY 30 , 1842 .

      Untitled Article

      DOINGS # T ^ # EAEER 8 ^ i ; # The Mayw of Leeds and so ^ gentlemen , have 1 just Had an intervieVr wiih : Sir Robeht Peel and others bf the Ministers to pressr upon their attention Corn Law Bepeal as a means to " extend" oxa commerce . A long report of their " interview" with the Premier has been ; putKslied & the Sm » , which we regret oui' inal > a } iy ^ to our olumns thia week , with appropriate

      con-mentary . That report contains the reasons urged by the Mayor of Leedaand ili attendkhtafo ^ ifarther ' : extension ^ ' They are too ' iki ^ oi r ^ ht ^ U ^ bei passed over 1 : They musi ; be gakette& t ^ ^ dfc wreet we wilt try to immottaUaa botti JAt ; jPAV ^ OMi of Leeds , and our ^ good old friehd /^ ikty'BkooiEi of Huddersfield . Two anoh bhniing and fshimhg lights" should hot be placed uhder a blishe !^ K shall not be our fault if they are ; not ' * seen of inen" ! ¦>" . " - -: ' / ¦ ¦' : : ' . ¦ - ¦ ¦ - . ¦'¦ ¦¦¦ ¦ ¦^^¦¦ : ::- ' - : :-- - " ---: : . 9-

      Untitled Article

      4 .. - ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ THE NORTHERN STAR . - >

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 30, 1842, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1172/page/4/