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Northern Star (1837-1852), 9th July 1842, Edition 1 of 5, Page unpag, Untitled Article

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    • TO THE MIDDLING CLASSES.
    • C^avtijSt Kii^t^ttf^ 11 ¦-—— —
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      To The Middling Classes.

      TO THE MIDDLING CLASSES .

      so . in . GsiaxEJES . —In- addressing a series of letters to your otitx , I had two principal objects in view : firstly , so to classify the middling classes as a body , Jhat none could mistake his position in society ; and secondly , to illustrate for you the exact meaning of growing the working classes " npon their own resonrees . " I shall then proceed , under my first bead , to arrange the middling order into classes ; or xaflier to disabuse your minds of the misconception $ oA all who hare been hitherto set down as part and parcel of that order , are not so in reality .

      Perhaps no one circumstance has tended more to protract the promised benefits of befobm than that egregious fallacy urged by political economists , and accepted by yon , that the master manufacturers and other large employers expending eapital ia the employment of labour , constitute a portion of the middling classes . Now , I am prepared to prove that that class belongs essentially to the aristocracy of wealth ; and that to them , and to yoU f the working people stand in a very different relation . To them , they are -valuable onlt as pkothjcebs 2 and indeed this is the slaTish character

      in which they hare been taught most to prize themselves . To top they are T&luable as cossoiees a character in which they haTe not been taught to estimate themselves . Now , if I can prove that the dealers in consumable articles are brought to the brink of Etns , by the manner in which those who deal in production hare supplanted manual by artificial labour , my fir 3 t position is irrefutably established . I , then , proceed thus : at no period of out history "were "the successful manufacturers of this oountry TnafrTng more profit of labour than at the present moment . It is true 3 and I announced

      it t ^ yon seven years ago , that so grtat would be lie improvements of machinery , backed by * he capricious and fickle support of fictitious money , that in the end the large and successful speculators would monopolise to themselves the ¦ whole trade of thi 3 country : and tiat poition I now p .-vn the succesftd speculators , against whom persons with small real capital , or limited or narrow credit , can make no head . I mention this fact lest the critic may turn upon me and say , that amongst the mannfeaturing classes themselves there exists as much distress as in any other order of society . I admit

      it : but what doe 3 it prove \ It proves that at the gambling table they have lost their stakes to those who held larger banks than themselves . They are the nsaiccessfal tail of the body ; and have been cut off by their own order : and while this proves only the distressed state of a few , the present general poverty of the whole order of shopkeepers establishes the fact that they have no interest in common with those living under a system which , although it partially affects some of its own numbers 3 s nevertheless strong enough , even in the few hands to which it is confined , to destroy the whole order of those who can only thrive , prosper , or indeed exist , upon consumption . This is my posiuon : that xobetbadeis nose in the hands of the-few successful

      speculators , than was ever before known to exist , eren -frbsatba number of traders was considerably greater j while upon the other hand , the order of shopkeepers , who live npoD consumption , can boast of ao successful competitors . Indeed how could it be otherwise I For suppose a master to employ one thousand * hands , " whose wage 3 are reduced to the starvation point ; does not every reduction in their wage 3 make a corresponding reduction in the profits of the shopkeepers ! Again I say , that those who produce by artificial labour and thereby depose man-rial labour , and look to a foreign marl : el for the disposal of their fabrics , have an interest in reducing wages ; while every shopkeeper in the land has » direct interest in the labourer receiving a fair remuneration for his work .

      I now proceed , under my second head , to illustrate for you the true and only means of ** throwing the people npon their own resources . " Of this principle I am an avowed friend and admirer ; and I phftll endeavour to poist out the only justifiable "way by which iho 3 object can be achieved . "What does the term " resource" mean ? As applied to labour , it means the unfettered and unshackled power of it 3 owner to cultivate it to the very highest Talue to which it can be brought to bear . It does not mean the residue of wages after lust , oppression , and caprice fchall have first lived upon it . It does

      not mean a nominally high amount of receipt , with a power vested in a Gov « rnment , or in its employers , to reduce the surplus after payment of taxation , or deduction , to the starvation point . But I will suppose a -case for yoa ; and will see whether or no , by all the laws of justice , and even by those rules and regulations by which church property ( the most favoured of all ) is measured out , vre may not throw the labourer upon his " own resources " without injury to the state or to the capitalist , and with a perfect certainty ef replenishing the coffers of the real middling order of societythe shopkeepers .

      Gentlemen , the time is fast approaching when social happiness must be preferred to . that " scientific" policy by which an island of starving beggars is sought to be made ° the mistress of the world" 2 There is no higher order of property , in th « eye of ihe law , than that of which the Church is possessed . Its title precedes that of the landlord . It has assumed to itself a right to one-tenth of the produce of the land . Thi 3 disposition of property is said to be unequal , unjust , destructive of industry , and inimical to religion . However , I will place a master manufacturer in Vue position of & Church parson ,

      receiving the one-tenth of the proceeds of that description of property in which he gamblss—Laboeb . Kow , the object of the Poor Law Amendment Acs was said to be to make labour respectable ; to induce the labourer , while employed in youth- and manhood , to lay up a resource from whence he might draw in the winter of life . " Resource" implies not oaly the means of scanty liviug while in full employment ; but it also implies the capability of laying up , while in such employment , the means of comfortable life in old age , or of carrying the man

      through sickness or unwilling idleness without being under the necessity of subscribing to a Eick club , cr falling back for preservation npon a bastile established and upheld in horror for the very express purpose of affrighting him from it . Let us suppose , then , a master in the position of a parson . For argument ' s sake , I admit his full right to one-teata of the produce of his whole flock . I suppose him to employ one thousand "hands . " During ' thirty years of speculation , I farther suppose him to have amassed , by ths labour of those "hands , " one million Sterling . By the church standard he wonld become

      entitled to one hundred thousand pounds , or onetenth , as his share ; thereby naking him equivalent , as an individual , to one hundred of his workmen , At the end of the thirty years , thea , his share of the produce would be £ 100 , 000 or £ 5 , 000 a year for ever ; a very comfortable " re 5 ource"for an individnal , besides the whole capital which in the first instance he brought into trade . The other nino-tenths equally diiided amongst those who made all , will amount to £ 900 per . man . That , gentlemen , 5 s the real meaning of the term " resource " . ' Suppose each individual to have worked for thirty years , from the age of 15 to 45 , is he not in the autumn of life bett-tr

      entitled to a retiring salary than the Judge after fourteen years comparatively easy labour ! than the sailor , the soldier , the exciseman , or the host of pensioners and placemen , who , without labour , are quartered upon the resources" of the workmen ? 2 ? ow , gentlemen , whether would your order derive the mostbenefit from the individual who retires with £ 1 ^ 000 , 000 of money , leaving the pauperised davea who made it as a charge upon the poor-rates paid now by yonj or from a community of one ftousand retired labourers , with £ 45 , 000 per annum , the interest of £ 900 , 000 , the accumulated resource " after thirty years labour ?

      Gentlemen , -would the most depraved of that small community require a policeman to teach him his obedience to the laws ?—Woold a nation consisting of such communities require a large standing army to preserve the peace ofthetJonntry ? or would not the cup of labour be sweetened for those who through the thirty years probation saw at the end the prospect of an honourable , retirement rather than the degrading horror of &c « id bastile ! There is no sentiment of

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      which you are fonder than that " the people are the legitimate source of all power , and that" labour is the only source of wealth" Then why give to the streams that spring from it thosa privileges which you deny to the source from whence all flow 1 What is your ambition through life ! What is the ambition of the master manufacturer ? What the ambition of the Barrister ! What is the strongest ambition of all who make profit of LABOtm ! Is it not the anticipation of one day leaving the field-, of speculation with the assurance of a BomfoTt&ble retirement in the winter of lifa

      Would not the fond hope 6 often down all temporary suffering and irritation ? and would not the race , though uneven in the running ,- be reconciled to all by the stakes at the end , presented as a reward for thirty years of toil ! Now , gentlemen , give me leave to ask you , iow many of your order canhope for such a release ? and who deprives you of the boon 1 Whether is it the one individual who vests his million of money made by the labour of a thousand other " hands , " and vested as his retiring

      salary in mortgage upon land , or the purchase of I land , or in the funds , or a railroad speculation , or a i-mining speculation , or a banking speculation ; none ' of which return to you one particle of profit ; or is . it the ene thousand M hands , " who should have ; received a . fair share of the profits of their labour : for thirty years of hard servitude ? Gentlemen , I have the honour to remain , Your obedient humble Servant , Feabgus O'Connob . \ ------ ~^ fc—

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      " to' the imperial chartists . My Friends , —You who condescend to read the Organs of the factions will have observed that the London Times , the Manchester Guardian , and the Manchester Advertiser , have resorted to the most despicable and dastardly means of creaticg dissention in our ranks , by engendering suspicion and jealousy against your leaders , and actually taunting some of-them for not urging the oppressed and starring pspalatioa of North Lancashire info a " physical" outbreak . Speeches never made , were reported to have been uttered by working men

      designs never imagined , were said to have been entertained ; and even justification for a resort to violence appeared in the columns of these very print 3 which have , from the commencement of our agitation , held up the threats of " physical force " as a justifiable reason , not only for withholding your rights , but for refusing to hear your complaints . Add to this source of misrepresentation , one Dr . Taylor , a tourist , publishes language which he professes to have heard from the lips of working men , not aa a warning ( as he states ) to tho Government , but with a view of placing the working

      classes of xsorth Lancashire under the superintendence of spies and informers . The Times assured its readers that F . O'Connor and Dr . M'Donall were afraid to meet the hurricane of pauperism in North Lancashire . What , however , is the fact ? I spent the whole of last week in the most impoverished towns of that district ; and Dr . M'Douall , while I write , is now following me over the same ground . "Without further reference to those organs that write far the Jury , the advertising , and the oppressing . classes , I shall proceed to lay before you a true narrative of my seven days' tour .

      I commenced at Manchester , on the evening of Sunday week , by addressing the Carpenter ' s Hall full of the middle and working classes . I there met on the Sabbath honest , moral , and religious Christians without their Sunday clothes . I saw , for the first time in my life , the middling classes eyeing thai poverty in others ( which was the sure prelude to their own ) with an eye of compassion and sorrow . I saw them subscribing their half-sovereigns , their crowns , and their half-crowns , for the defence of Mason , the Chartist , whom , together with his coadjutors tSey would , three years ago , have pronounced

      * ' guilty" without evidence . Thus has " a change come o ' er the spirit of their dream ! " But , my friends , I' also learned that we had received an augmentation to our forces from a far more important quarter , —from the aristocracy of Laboith . Yes J I had the ' heart-fe ^ t gratification to learn that the gallant trades , having at length discovered the impossibility , of protecting their order by " trades unions" so long as class legislation exists , had nearly to a man joined the associated body of Chartists . Is not thi 3 a new feature in the history of Chartism ?

      On Monday morning I proceeded to Halifax , where I addressed a large body of the working classes on Skircoat Moor , as noticed in last week's Star , I then proceeded to Todmorden , where 1 addressed the people briefly . I then proceeded with Beesley , of AccriDgton , and Holland , of Burnley , en route to Burnley , and when within two miles of that town , we met such a concourse of men , women , and children , attended by such a number of flags and bands as , considering the population of the locality , no human eye ever witnessed before . The oldest man had never seen such a

      spectacle ; and great was the moral lesson which the starving thousands presented to their oppressors ' eyes J Poverty , undisguised poverty , marching in peaceful tranquillity through the beautiful but uncultivated , valley where many had drawn their first breath ; and which , if cultivated by their hands would be capable of supporting them in comfort and affluence . Their God ordained it so ; but man has otherwise decreed 1

      The miserably joyou 3 scene as the procession passed under the aquaduct was grani in the extreme . The rising ground from tho foot to the very summit was covered , principally with females , whose varied attire rendered the scene at once beautiful , melancholy and striking . But you have seen a report of our proceedings ; and therefore I shall pass from Burnley without further notice than offering thanks to the starving thousands for having by their peaceful demeanour frustrated the machinations of our enemies . At the conclusion of our out-door proceedings I took a show of hands for the whole Charter , name and all ; and every hand in the meeting expressed , the Eolemn vow that by the whole they would stand , without abatement or subtraction .

      In the evening we had a glorious assemblage under a calico-roofed pavilion ; the covering of which cost ihe poor fellows more than £ 15 . However they assured me they would spend the sum again , or double the amount , to ensure such another triumph for their principles .

      . - COLNE . On Tuesday morning I left Burnley in company with Beesley , to meet the Colne procession ; and notwithstanding that the rain fell in torrents , a glorious demonstration it wa 3 ! I addressed the people in the Piece Hall , at noon , at considerable length . Mr . " Mooney , a staunch Irish Chartist , ivaa in the chair , and conducted the proceedings in a most becoming manner . Beesley and Tattersall also addressed the meeting in sound and eloquent speeches . : At five o ' clock the working men bad got up > public dinner , which did them great credit .

      and to which I was invited as a guest . At six o ' clock we again repaired to the Hall , where a Mr . Laycock , a person possessing great influence amongst the middling classes , had invited me to a discussion upon the questions of machinery and tbss tbadb . He read a very lengthy address which he had prepared as a leotnre to have been delivered and published , I replied , examining every one of hi 3 positions , and with so much effect , that he invited me to pass the night at his house , and confessed that his mind had been wholly and entirely disabused of the prejudice" which the press had created against me ; and

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      L&kJ- VUVi UUM V . uw mv « « 1 MUU W \ * IV ¦ VV& AU . « UU A Wl *«» ' *"" B and strength of my arguments . This more than repaid me for my journey to Colne . PADIHAM . On Wednesday morning I started for Clitheroe by way of Padiham , where it was arranged , with the consent of the masters , that their hands" should all be set at liberty to hear me , and to remain for three hours , if necessary . This Padihara used to be * favourite spot of Henby Hunt ' s ; and the seed which he sowed was made manifest in the enthusiasm , attention , and shrewdness which I observed

      CLITHEROE . From Padiham I proceeded to Clitheroe , which is perhaps as yet the least pauperised of the North Lancashire districts . I am happy to be able to mention this circumstance in proof of the fact that pauperism alone is not the only propelling motive to the adoption of Chartist principles . We had the most numerous procession ever witnessed in that town , either upon Reform or election occasions . The Chartists had engaged a beautiful walled-in bowling-green , where an excellent hustings was ereoted . Mr . Slater was called to the chair , and

      Mr . Beesley and myself addressed the meeting at considerable length . At six o ' clook , I sat down to a public dinner with the working men , where the very best order possible prevailed ; and at eight we proceeded to the aristoaratio Assembly Rooms attached to the Swan Hotel , which , notwithstanding threepence admission was charged , was crowded to suffocation , while hundreds were obliged to go away disappointed . Mr . Pollard , a youwg and enthusiastic Chartist , from Sagden , was called to

      the chair , and opened the proceedings in a brief but eloquent and manly address . Beesley followed ; and , without flattery , made one of the best Chartist speeches I ever heard . I spoke , for nearly two hours , upon taxation , machinery , the lanp , the church , the wrongs of Ireland , and the injustice done to labour . We had a large number of the middle classes present ; the majority of whom , upon that night and the following morning , admitted- to the Chartists that my positions and arguments were unshakeable and unanswerable .

      ACCRINGTON . On Thursday morning I left Clitheroe , accompanied by Beesley and Slater , for Accrington , where I had promised to address tho people on my way to BJackburn ; and in this village , to the honour Of the majority of the masters , they set their " hands" at liberty . We met a procession ( estimated by the judges at more than 16 , 000 ) , with numerous bands and banners . We proceeded to a large square , well

      suited for the occasion , and where an excellent hustings was erected . Beesley and myself addressed the meeting at considerable length . A reEolution for tho whole Charter , name and all , was unanimously carried ; and thus terminated the largest and most splendid meeting ever held in Accrington . After the out door meeting we sat down to a public dinner ; and at five o ' clock we proceeded in procession from Accrington to meet the Blackburn procession .

      BLACKBURN . Within about two miles of the town theAccrington and Blackburn processions met , when the road for more than a mile was densely filled . A great number of bands and banners enlivened the scene ; and thus we entered Blackburn , when , in an open space , I addressed the vast assemblage . We subsequently adjourned to the Theatre which was filled in every part ; the middling classes occupying the boxes ; while the labouring order filled the stage , the gallery , and the pit . After my address several of the middle class waited upon me , and in the presence of the Chartist body , apologised for the injustice they had done tome , and for the erroneous notions they had entertained of the Charter and the Chartists .

      PRESTON . On Friday evening , I started for Preston ; and though at the time of meeting the rain fell in torrents , yet one moment of reviving sunshine was sufficient to ensure not a muster of 7 or 800 Chartists , as the Preston Chronicle has it , but of threo times as many thousands . Hero I found that spirit which was created by the immortal Hunt still vigorous and alive ; and notwithstanding some foul and disgraceful attempts to create division in our ranks , Friday night proved to me that if feuds and dissensions do exist , those who entertain them and would perpetuate them must keep them to themselves , as the Chartist body will in no wise suffer

      itself to be disunited by the sqaabbles of individuals . At nine o'clock we again assembled in a large roem attached to the King ' s Head , when that excellent Chartist ; , George Halton was called to ths chair . I addressed the assembly at considerable length ; and I was rejoiced to find that in comparatively small as in large meetings of the working men all attempts to create dissension will fail . I never witnessed a more patient bearing , sounder discretion , on more generous conclusioas than I saw evinced in the in-door assembly of Preston Chartists on Friday night last . They have to go on in the even tenor of their way , and they may bid defiance to all opposing parties .

      LANCASTER . On Saturday evening , at half-past seven , I arrived at the rail way station , and was met by a large concourse of people , with a band . At half-past eight , accompanied by Beesley-, I reached the large warehouse given for the occasion by some middle-class man . The chairman , whose name I regret to have forgotten , opened the proceedings in a speech of considerable length and power ; and called upon Mr . Lunn , a plasterer , to move a resolution , which he did ia good aad happy style ; and in passing I should be guilty of an act of great in justice was 1 to omit stating that to the exertions of Lunn , the Chartists mainly owe the powerful and exalted position , which they occupy in this city ; and I

      rejoice to think that the Chartists themselves are fully aware of the fact . Beesley seconded the resolution , which was for the whole Charter , name and all , and was carried unanimously . An address was then presented to me from the Chartist body ; I responded at considerable length , and upon Sunday morning I had the pleasure and gratification to learn from my friends that it was the unanimous opinion that , however I may have failed to convert all of the middle class who attended our meeting , I had succeeded in destroying the deep and longrooted prejudice which existed against them and me ; and had prepared their minds for a fair and calm consideration of the people ' s claims to what they sought . '

      And thus , my frier ds , terminated one of the most useful , and , I trust , profitable tours that I have ever made on your behalf , —proving to the faoiions' press that we cannot b& disunited ; and proving to those Bliiny agitators who , the honest working classes themselves have assured me , never lost an opportunity for a sly and ungenerous thrust at me in my absence , that to deeds of man himself , and not to the foul suspicions of others , all must look for affection , popularity , and public confidence . I am , Your ondeviating and unflinching friend , Fbaegus O'Connob , Leeds , Tuesday , July 5 , 1842 . ^ f c ^ "

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      NEW PEtWN .-On Tuesday , June 28 th , Mr . West delivered a lecture at N ew Pellon on ths iojaries that class legislation , inflicts npon the people . In tho evening of tne same day , a public tea was held in tbe Chartist School Room , when a number of the friends of democracy sat down to an excellent tea and provisions , whica were served up in good order . After tea , a Charter Association was formed , of which the following . are the Council : —Messrs . William , Wilkinson , James Tally . Joseph Carter , John Boys , sub-Treasurer ; John CocVcroft , sob-Secretary . The remainder of toe evening was spent in an amusing and instructing manner .

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      Aberdeen . —Qn Thursday evening last , Mr . Ross , teacher , from Arbroath , delivered a lecture in the Chartist Hall , George ' s-streot After which a collection was madu , the proceeds of which were bonded over to the building fund of a , new ball about to be erected far the accommodation of the working classes of this city . The subject of the Jecture was Man and his R ' ghts , ¦ which Mr . Rosa handled in an able and eloquent manner , showing to the evident satisfaction of all present , that all men were equal in the sight of him who created . them , and that man , by whatever title he might be niekiiamed , \ vaa nothing more than the equal of his feHb % s ; therefore , every man , by the laws of Gofl and nature , had the same

      rights and privileges conferred npoa him . He then ontered at some length into the present depressed state of the country , and said he expectert that by this time we should have had the middle classes amongst us ; yet he had been cruelly misfciken ; they had . eaten tke cow , but , alas . ' they had ¦ chocked' on the tail . He had fought with them for eighteen months , but he would fight with them no more ; ho had given them up for a bad lot—a self-conceited lot , and unworthy of the name of men . They would go with the werking classes so far a * their crotchets and party purposes were concerned , but no farther . It was bis honest conviction that they would never come put for a full measure of j us tice to the people , until they were reduced to the same state of poverty as the working classes are at

      prewat , and tho working m&n reduced to- » state ten times worse than starvation , ( if such a state' there could be , ) and then , and then only , might we expect any good at the hands * of these men . But there was yet"another class of men that he must not overlook on the present occasion , and that class was the clergy , tho man who , by their sophistries , had endeavoured to make all the Cnartists out to be infidels ; but heboped he would soon be able to Bhow that they ( the clergy ) were the greatest infidels of the present d&y . Mr . Ross here took a pencil and wrote ona piece of pap- * the word Truth , and showed it to the audience , and asked them if they saw the word ? Yus , yes , was responded from different parts of the building ; he then coVured the . word Truth with a half-crown piece , and . asked them if they

      could sea the Truth n 6 w 1 No , no , was tho reply . Neither can the parsons see it frrthoir salary , said Mr . Ross . You have now diEcovered the whole secret -why the parsons cannot see tho truth , and I need not say one word more regarding them . The only advice ho would give thorn waq to clear away the rubbish that covered truth , and the paTsons wouldsoon find their eyesight agaiu . After an earnest appeal to the woritin ? num to BtiimVby th-. ir own onler , apd to go on bravely in the good cause , Mr . Ross sat dawn aruiuBt tho hearty plaudits of . the assembly . Mr . Henry : followed in tho Hams strain for some time , and gave great satisfaction . Af ; er a vote of thanks to Mr- Robs , the meeting separated , highly pleased with the proceedings of the evening . . r .

      the vsual weekly Meeting of the Northern District Charter Union was held in the Hall , 38 , Grrforge's-Hlrtsbt , on Monday evening Ia 3 t , Mr . A . At ^ Donald , who occupied the chair , opened the business of the meeting with a short introductory address on the depressed state of tho « ountry ; thu minutes of the previous meetings being read and confirmed ; it was agreed to hold a , social meeting and ball / on Friday , July 15 tb , being the comuiezieeiuent of these meetings for the se : i 8 on , the procaetis to go to the funds of the

      Union . TUe following rt 3 > Iutvon was then moved by Mr . Barkly , seconded , and agrued to : — ' That thia Union do not recognise any inau coming to this part of the country lecturing on Chartism , unless he can produce . sufficient credentials to show , that heia a member of our organisation , and ft Hjan in whom the peopla places the greatest confidence . " Mr . John Legge moved the following resolution , which vr . aa seconded and carried , " That all discussions on the subject of theology , and lectures of a sectarian naturo be forbidden to take place in this UnioK . "

      Old Aberdeen . —A public meeting of the inhabu tants of this pl « ce , was held in the Square , in front of tho Town-Hull , on Friday evening , July 1 st , wheii excellent speeches were made by Messrs . A . Henry , A . M'Donald , S . M'Pherspn , anrt J . Legge , and the remonttrauce to the Pa . rli ; uuent and the memorial to the Queen were both Adopted , and a resolution passed condemning the present urijust and unchristian ¦ wars in which our country is involved ; after ; i lengthy discussion with the Rev ., ¦ Mr ,-Bows on the principles of the Cbarter , in which the Rev ( jentlyman waa handled rather smactly by Messrs . Henry and . M'Phersoh , the meeting separated at a very late hour . — -Correspondent .

      Edinburgh . —We hail a very good meeting upon Calton Hill , on Friday oven In ? lnst , for tht > purpose of adopting tho memorial ana rt-monstriince to the Queen , and House of Commons ; both were carried unanimously ; the speakers all bearing upon the necessity of exertion and unanimity for accomplishing tiio great object of our wisnes , political equality * anil the blessing expected to flow from that measure . Tho most - " . ' intense'interest seemed to preyade the wiiole ass'jrnbled multitude ; not a murmur was heard to intdrrupt the speakers save a cheer , or hear , heir , as the ^ different sentences excited approval or censure . The outskirts of the meeting were thickly studded with middlemen and shopocratu , who like expectants , seemed to snuff the savoury exhalement , and by their profound attention one might judge their approval of passing events . ;

      GREENOCK . —A great public out-door meeting was held here on July 1 st , for the purpose of rfcinonttrating with the Legislature on the reckliseauess of their conduct on the occasion of the presentation of th « National Petition , and to memorialise the Queen to dissolve the present Parliament , and dismiss from office her present ministers . Mr . John johnstone was called to the chair , who opened the business of the meeting by stating- that a deputation had waited on tfae magistrates , requescing them to sanction the raeetir . g ; but they vouid not on aceouht of tho grent amount of misery and destitution that at present existed in this place ; an ?) the feelings of the people being Vfrought up to the desperation point by that misery ; be exhorted the people ' to act at this time as they had always done , being

      characterised for good order . He read the bill calling the nie < ting , and called on Mr . R . Burreil to proposo the first resolution . Mr . R . JBurrell then came forward , and submitted the following resolution to the meeting . — "That we , the inhabitants 61 Greenock , in public meeting assembled , view with feelings of horror , and heartfelt grief the misery and destitution that at present pervade the gre . it mass of the butustripuB classes of this country ; that we also feel deuply that misery and destitution in common with our feilowworkmen throughout the laud ; and that it has been the cause yf much serious deliberation und inquiry into the eau- ; e of it ; and the result of our inquiry has fully convinced us that ; class legislation is tno fountain from whence fill this national misery and degradation have

      sprung . We also view with feelings of indiguation the manner in which the Legislature tamper with our calamities and scoff at our , prayers ; more especially their recent conilufct on the prestriuatum of the National Petition , aad Mr . Dunconibe's motion i or the petitioners to be heaTd at the bar of tho House that wo consider the conduct of Macaulay -and others pro / esw / ig to hold liberal-opinions , to be a gross insult to suffering humanity . We are of opinion that if feucn thiiigH . be , allowed much longer to exists they will i-iiiiy ^ about a , crisis that it will be fearful to ccnjteinirUiw , seeing that tfee toiling maeses have long borne their . niisi ries with ii hope that the Legislature would c-ttVet such a change in the institutions of the country , -without endangering the peace of society er the sicuruy of property , ns

      would prevent such a state of thini's from being . We are fully convinced that tho peace of tiiicr-ty' or security of property can never , be established niitsl such time as the whoSe people are fully and fairly rt presented in Parliament ; and that we ute . d ' eturniiveji never to cease struggling for our jast rights , by tvs : vy legal and constitutional means in our power , until tile People's Charter is made the law of Great ¦ 'Britain ' , and Ireland . " — He concluded by a few : appropriate remarks . Peter Campbell briefly seconded it , when . Mr . Al- tirae , from Leith , came forward , ; and BupporUs . l the rtioo ^ utton in his usual soui-Etirring strain , in a speech reple-e with sound argument , carrying the feeling . vpf the immense multitude along with him , Sir . Joseph M'Lean was next called on . to address the nitttii !!! . when he

      submitted the following resolution : — ' : That this meeting conceives it to bo a bitter mockery of ibew'seiy and degradation under which the peonUs labour to tell them of their right to petition , -whilst every . --. muj of ' . their petitions is passed by unheeded , or treated with contempt ; and , as the only answer to the ' pe > 1 tions . of the enslaved millions has ever been th ^ laughter and jeers of those who live by their-sweat anil blood , we do hereby resolve to adopt ther recommendation of Sir R . Peel , in his answer to the prayer of tbt > National Petition-, and are resolved to put ourselves in such a position by our union , prudence ^ energy , and determination , so that ¦ wh en We next condescend : to approach the

      House of Commons they will hear us effeoiually . We , however , agree to adopt the remonstrance and memorial recommended by , the Convention ; seeing it has been adopted by the country generally . " Mr . M'Laan ably - supported the resolution in a speeth of considerable length , and replete with sound reasoning and arguments that could not bej gainsaid . He also proposed— - ' That the remonstrance' and memorial be remitted to RWanar 9 , Esq ., M . P ., for presentationiand that he be requested to present them at the proptr time , when the others from various places are ready . ' - Mr . James Boyd briefly seconded the resolution . Mr M'Ciea read the memorial and remonstrance . The resolutions and memorial were adopted without a dissenting voice . The

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      remonstance was considered to be too tame in its language , but was adopted ^ The secretary of the Universal Siiffrage Association intimated that Mr . Robert Lowery would lecture in Greenook on Wednesday next , when the meeting quietly dispersed , highly pleased with the intellectual treat they had received . This waa the largest meeting thsit has been hers held since the demonstration in honour of Feargua O'Connor , Esq . —Carrespondenl . •' ,: ' .. ' ' : '¦ . - ¦/ . ; - ¦ . ¦ ; : ; ' .. . '•¦¦ ¦ - ¦' , ; . CAMPSIE . —Oa Saturday evening a cainp meeting of the inhabitants was held in the Chartist hall , to

      hear addresses from air . Con Murray , and Mr . Brown from Glasgow . The Hall was densely filled ; -Mr . Allen Diivis in the chair . Mr . Brown first addressed the meeting , and gave a very convincing and instructive speech which called forth * the approbation of the audience . Mr . Murray next ; addressed the meeting , in his usual earnest and impressive manner his subject was , the ; past , present , andl future prospects- of Ohftrtism . Twenty , new members were enrolled . Ifter vptta of thanks to the speakers and chairman the meeting dissolved .

      Dumfries . —The holders of oatmearhaving , in tho end of last week , laid an additional twopence upon the stone , and a report having been , circulated that a further advance was contemplated , a number of women and boys collected in Bridge-street , on Saturday evening ; , about dusk , and set about breaking the windows of a meal dealer there . Although at this period , a ,, few Words from any one in authority would have sufficed to disperse the crowd- —the active portion of which , neither then nor throughout -the whole of the riot , exceeded two dozen , no attempt was made to restore order ; and , no opposition being offered ,: the rioters proceeded to visit tho shops of several other obnoxious dealers , the doors and windows of which in most cases were totally destroyed . At length ,

      about midnight , the magistrates made their appearance ; and , having appointed about a hundred special constables , chiefly obtained by emptying the publichousea of the juvenile scions of the shopocracy , the Btreetswere cleared . . Several individuala ( many of them wholly unconnected with the row ) have been apprehended and lodged in jail ; and , on their examination yesterday , the of ten-expressed determination of the authorities to proceed against them with the Jaw ' s utmost rigour , contrasted strangely with the apathy displayed while the rioters were doing their work . A rumour was abroad yesterday that our weekly meeting upon ths street in the evening was to be prevented ; It was held notwjthatanding , and proved a bumper ; and , better , perhaps , for both parties , was not interfered vrith . —Correspondent .

      QtASGO'W . —rBmDaSTOX . —A public meeting was held here on Wednesuay even'ng , in the Chartist Hall , Dale-street , Mr . W . Shanks in the chair . Messrs . Moiri Ross , &a ., from the city , were announced to adclress tho meeting . The hall was crowded to suffocation , and many had to go away who could not gain admittinca . Mr , Jfoir spoke at eome length on the necessity of an . active union amongst the working classes , and urged on the meeting the necessity of joining ¦ . the GJasgoW Chartei' Association . Mir . M . charged those who stood neutral more with dishonesty than carelessness , and should any of them . come to want , they deserved to feel the fruits of thair criminal apathy ; so faras be | Mr . Molr ) was concerned , he would feel no sympathy for them . Let the Chartists make common

      cause with each other , and no power on . earth could prevent them being successful ; if they did not , the cause Would fall , ? md he would tell them what would be the result—the middle and upper classes would take it up and pay the expense , aud they would make the people pay for it iii the long run . This Was not to ba the case ; let every man act as if success depenticd upon himself . He ( Mr . 'M . ) had done more to put down those detils of Whigs in Glasgow than any other fifty ; and why ? just that he had done every thing he could have done as one man . So much was this felt by the factions , that they -were found to declare " they could not get their opinions expressed for ' that fellow Moir . " Had all acted as he had done , the Chartar would have been the law of the land erenow . Mr . Moir , at the

      closa of bis address , said he would call upon any man in the meeting , who considered it to be his duty to join the Glasgow Charter Association ^ at the earliest possible convenience , to hold up their right hand ; but before doing so , ho wonld appeal to them not to hold up their hands , if they were not fully determined to fulfli their promise . Mr ; Ross said all political commentators had declared that union was strength ; he hoped they would rally round the standard of the Glasgow Charter Association . The counsel Tor Frost ; durict ; his defence , in referring to the Charter , said that when the majority of the nation declared for it , it would be unavailing for wealth and property to resist it He ( Mr . Rosa ) had been connected with politics for the last twenty-five years , and had always been a loser , but yet he hoped to liyo to eat of tree of liberty . He had full hopes of their efforts being successful . Mr . Moir took a show of hahd 3 in favour of

      joining the Glasgow Charter Association . Nearly the whole meeting held up their hands . A Committee was then appointed for the selling of tickets in Bridgston . UpwaTds pf fifty gave in their names to the Secretary , Mr . Brown , before leaving the hallj -and Mr . Ross disposed of a nupiber of tickets , among othfeis , one to Mr . Wm . Johnson , of the " Complete Suffrage" Committee . Mr . Johnson urged on the people present to give earnest proof of their attachment to the Charter by com i ng forward and joining the Association . He was connected with another Association , still he was ready to support the Charter Association . He was ready to canvass for either ; let the people declare which of them to join , and he ( Mr . J . ; would act with them . After a hearty vete of thanks to Messrs . Ross and Moir , and those friends who accompanied them from the town , and their excellent Chairman . This highly interesting meeting broke up in the best possible harmony ,

      GORBALS . —The adjourned discussion on Mr , Murray's lecture came off on Friday evening , Mr . Graham in the chair . The discussion w&s continued to elevtu o ' clock , when it was rtsolved that Con should reply on some future night , to be fixed by Mr . J . Cameron and toe cbmuijttee . Tho following resolution was moved by Mr . James Downs;— - " That it Is the opinion of this meeting that the ' New Move' is unnecessary , and if supported , calculated to injure the best interests of the working classes , inasmuch as its tendency is to divide and not to unite the people . We therefore pledge ourstlves to join and support the Glasgow Charter

      Asaocation . " An amendment was moved by Joseph Kerr , in support of Complete Suffrage , with & string of other irrelevant matter . At the suggestion of Mr . J . Colquhoun , the amendment was confined to -Complete Suffrage , in order that the two questions might be fairly tested . On the vote being taken , ten hands were held up for the amendment ; fur the motion , the rest of the meeting . We have refrained from giving any of the discueoiisn for certain reationai but we trust : the manly and straight forward castigation administered by Mr , James DownB to some of the parties will have its due effect .- . .. ' ¦ ' ¦ ' ¦¦¦ ' . ¦ - ¦ ' ' ,. ¦ - ¦ ¦ ' . ' ¦ ¦ . . ' :. ' . - ' . :. ' . - ' ¦ ' ¦' ¦ ' - . ¦ '

      A General meeting of the comb and horn spoon makfcTB was held on Monday evening last , Mr . Pettigrew in the chair . Tho following teaolutiou .. was moved by Mr . Henry Worling , aecpuded by Mr . / Dugald and carried unanimous ! j ^;—•• That this meeting is of opinion that our trade has suffered much from , arid owta its present distressed condition in a great degree to the baneful influence of machinery , its ( machinery ) operations being through clofis-made Jaws , rendered a curfee insteaa of a blessing , inasmuch as our hands

      are thereby being daily thrown out of employ , while no other provision is made for them ; and being convinced tbat those pressing evils can alone be remedied bj making that document commonly called the People ' s Cfcarter , the law of the land , we agree to join the Glasgow Charter Association , and pledge onrselvea to use every constitutional means in our power to promote th « object * of the same / ' The m&btivg then agreed to meet every Monday evening till the trade is fully orgaufsed , and an interim committee was appointed to carry but the above object .

      HUDDEKSFIEIiD . —Agreeable to announcemcuc iur . Kuss attended what is called a camp meeting on Suuday last , on the summit ; of our famed Castle Hill . Tub labour and toil required to attain so great au aituuue » s amply rewarded by the rich and varied scenery tttat presents itself to the eye , which extends for mitea in every direction ; there human beingB can inhale nature ' s pute ^ t breeze . Swarms of persons were seen vveodivg their way to the place of meeting from all me aujoiuing districts , and it was thought at one time there could not be less than fifteen thousand present . Mr . Rosa delivered a most eloquent and impressive lecture in favour of the People ' s Charter . ^ -pn Monday night Mr . Ross gave a lecture to a crowded auditaoo , in the Guild Hall , in this town , in defence of the rights of labour and the justness of the People ' s Charter , to which he did ample justice .

      Bury . —A public meeting of the inhabitants of Bury , convened by requisition , was held in the Working Man ' s Hall , Garden-street , on Saturday evening , to adopt the remonstrance and the memorial to the Queen . Mr , J . LoniBJt , a working eoal miner , was unanimously called to preside , who opened the busloess of the meeting with a few appropriate remarks , and then called upon Mr . H . Hardwick , to move the memorial , which was secluded by Mr . M . Ireland , and supported by Mr . William Dixon , in a speech of fiorue length , and when put was carried item , con , Mr .-- ' M . Roberts , in a speech which occupied half an hour , moved the remonstrance to the House ot Commons , which was seconded by Mr . James Yates , a coal miner . Mr . D . Ross , of Manchester ^ supported the remenstrance , in a bold argumentative speech , which occupied near two hours in tho delivery . The Chairman put it and it was carried unanimously After cheers for the Charter , the meeting dissolved .

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      BIRMINGBAM . —Duddeston ROW , Open Air Meeting . —The usual meeting xfsa held at this now celebrated place , on Monday evening last , at haif-past seven o'clock i at ; whkh time : Mr . ( Jeorge White proceeded to address the i « 3 embly . : He said that his chief object was to instil into the minds of his fellowworking men the position which they might occupy in society , and the comfort and happhieas which might be enjoyed by each member of the human family , if they bad the power of developing the resources which nature supplied in suflicient abuudence to satisfy the wants of all ; and , as the obstinacy and ignoranca of the ruling powers , was an obstacle "which must be surmountea before they could hope to enjoy those benefits . It -was , therefore , the duty of all men to

      exert themseivoSi in order that the Government of the country should act as tho protectors and friends of the working classesi instead of being , aa at present ,-their greatest cur 3 e . ' ¦ : ¦ Under . tho . present state of society a man might ^ hive the beat of motives , and the purest and beat feelings , yet , if he could not conform to tbe rascally modes by which wealth is attained at the present day , and was thereby reduced to a state of penury , he ^ was assailed by every little proflt-ounting knave , as lazy as dishonest ; and many a noble-hearted and generous man had been all but hunted to death , bv having the misfortune of iiving in what was pompouslytermed '' a state of oivil ) z > tion . " He understood by the word «« civilization" a polished and re-Sued state of existence , compared or contrasted with a

      former period of man ' s history ; but he maintained that the . working , classes were never more brntaiised than they were at present , and that the whole of their misery emanated from the trading and profit-hunting system , called " civilization . " By some sort of Jegerdemain or thimblerigg system ^ the whole of the creation was claimed as the property of those who never worked , whilst those who produced everytLipg were doomed to a life of sorrow and wretchedness , of ¦ what value then was this boasted wealth and civilization to the outcast working classes , when they found that every fresh addition which their industry and iugetulty made to the wealth of the rich was made use of by them to oppress the producer ? So long as the working classes were kept in blind iguorance of their rights he could not blama them . But now that they had so many opportunities of knowing the real cauae of tbeir miseries , they would be their own oppressors if

      they neglected thei means which were now at their disposal to procure their ¦ emancipation . He then procaeded to explain the blessings which would flow from a Government emanating from the whole people , and caHed on all present to join the National Charter Association . Re also showed up the villauous treatnient which Mr . Mason and the Sedgiey men had experienced from the Stafford authorities , and gave notice that he should centinuei to address a meetuig on that spot every Monday evening , and also in the large field near the Asylum , bottom of Summer-Jane , every Sunday morning , at htilf-pasf ten , and every Tuesday evening , at suvea o ' clock .: He then departed for the Association Room , A * tonstreet , _ accompehied by a ' large nnmber of persons Upwards of forty persons have enrolled their name 3 at Duddeston-row , and it is determined to have the books and cards air the meetings in future , for the convenience of those who cannot attend the room . . / ' -. - ¦' :

      SummkrLaneMeetino . —Mr . White addressed a meeting ia the large field near the "Vulcan Foundry , on Sunday morning last , at haifTpast ten o ' clock ; and another at the same place on Tuesday evening . At the conclusion , of his address , nine persona enrolled liieir names intha National ChfirtW Association . , ; AsTaN-STKEEx Meeting , ^— -The usual meeting waa held at this place , on Sunday evening last , Mk Stewart in the chair . He delivered an appropriate address on the death of Samuel Hblberry , of Sheffield , and introduced Mr . White , who read the report of Holberi-y ' a funeral from the Northern Star . The , meeting listened to the report wito great atttDtiori , and warml ? applauaed the speech of Mr . G . J . Harney on the above melancholy occasioio . . :

      Monday Evjeninq Meeting . —The ¦] membera of the absociation niustered strongly on Monday evening , when the minutes of the council were itead ovev by Mr . George White , " and confirmed by ; the meeting . The chairman , JVJr . Walter Thome , then addreseed the members on behalf « f Mrs . Mason , and recommended a collection to be wade on her behalf , after which Mr . White went , at some length , into the plans which were intended to be adopted by the council for the better guidance of the association , and reported on the steps which had been taken to procure a commodious place of meeting . Mr . J . WiUiamson afterwards delivored an energetic address as to the best means of securing a proper place ,-after which the meeting separated .

      Mb , Mason , and the other Prisoners at Stafford . —At the Council meeting , held at Astpnstretit , Birmingham , on Sunday last , it was resolved to c » ll a conference . of the members ef the National Charter Association , to aaBemble at Aston-Bteeet , on Tuesday evening , July 12 th , When it is proposed to choose four persons to act on behalf of Birmingham at a geri 6 ral delegate meeting of the counties of Gloucester , ' Worcester , Warwick , and Stafford , the localities to add ona each from their body > when the necessity of providing a permanent fund for the support of the wives aiid families of Mr ., Mason and the others , the means of supporting one lecturer or more for the use of these counties , and other wise consolidating our strength , will be taken into ; cbnsideraUon . The attention of the various sub-Secretaries ia those counties are earnestly requested to this important kubject , and any cumiiiunications they have to send are requested to be forwarded to the Corresponding sub-Secretary , Mr . George White , 38 ^ Bromsgrove-street , Birmingham .

      Calverton . —The Chartists niet aa usual and proceeded to the busineas . of the association ; .. It was agreed to , engage the Suttdn and Nottingham bands that had offered their sorvices for the occasion ; to pBrform-at the O'Connor demonstration . A soiree or tea patty yriU be held ;/ which is to take place on the last Monday in the month . Every necessary preparation is being niade for the occasion . Tickets at one shilling each ; may bo had of Messrs CaUdine , Hucknatl Torkard ; Morris ^ Bnlwell ,: near New Market-street ; Watts , Oxton ; 33 i ? perstone , Woodboroughi Lowdbam ; Bliclworth , Calverton ; Street , Lambley / and Swe « t , Nottingham ; Emerson , Arnold ; Allwright , Old Basford Flatt ; Mitchell , schoolmaster , Chapel ; Pacer , Cricket-Courfc , Nottingham ;¦ Mrs . Smith , news-agent ,

      Waraergate ; Hankin , Cwrington ; Ellis , Arnold ; Revill , DaybTobk ; Reeve , Hyson Green ; Nailer , NewBaeford ; Morley , SherWood ; , Sanderson , Old Radford ; Cooper , Watson's Building ; and Harrison ; : Calverton . All tickets must be sold a clear week befoie the tea takes place ; and every ticket vendee wiltforwatd his money to Mr . Sweet , Goosegate , on Monday , ; July the 18 th , by twelve o ' clock . The loans of flags and banners from the surrounding associations will be duly appro , ciated , aud it is to be hoped the -whele county of NottingWam will Ao its duty on that day , and firmly establish the tree of freedom in this agricultural district ; Chalford . —Trade is in a most alarming state in this place , we have but three mills at work , where we formerly had twenty ; those three are not half employed , and truck shops attached to these . Their operatives are so reduced that they dare not complain

      or . they are subject to a months' drilling , that is , sent home to live upon their means for a month . Wages are reduced to a very low ebb ; there have been three reductions fiince Christmas , throogbpat the yrholo of the trade . What was formerly given" two pounds for is ; now only , hin&teen shillings ; the cloths are ' . ' . now made three ells longer for the nineteen shillings than they were formerly for the . two pounds . - Our poor rates are tripled ; we have 680 crammed in our bastile , and poverty is got to a deplorable condition ; this , in the midst of summers-how We- shall contend with tha winter , God o&ly knows . '; Thia ptiest-iidden and poverty'smitten spot will be visited by Mr . Million , of Cheltenham , next Sunday , July the 10 th , when we shall hold a camp meeting bn Bisley Common , at halfpast two o ' clock in the afternoon . Chalford is situate twelire aiiles from Gloucester , twelve from Cheltenham ^ eight from Cireucester , and four from StfOUd .

      ivzACCESFliiiiD . —On Monday ! evening Mr . John West delivered a lecture in the Markefc-place , to nearly 8 , 000 people . He entered largely into the working of the- system on the different classes and interests of spcietyi and clearly proved to the middle classes ( large numbers of whom were present ) that winle Glass legislation existed there could be ho prosperity for them , nor safety for their property , A vote of thanks waa carried to Mr . West ; a vote of confidence in Feargua O'Connor and the Northern Star •; and three treinendoua cheers were given for the Charter and the people , and the vast multitude separated . Such a meeting has not been held in Macclesfield for a length of time .

      DuRHAit . —On Monday evening last , Mr . Charles Connor delivered a lecture en the Sands , to a good audience , who listened to the lecturer With' prof . und attention ; and at the close a universal demonstration of approbation was displayed by a shew of hands , and other signs of gratification . The lecturer shewed , in hlfl usual clear manner , that all property had its origin in labour , and that all property Was protected but labour , and also that all property was represented but labour . He richly commented on things as they are , and as they ' should be , and concluded , by ationgly recommending the working men to a closer union , for the establishing of their claim to Universal Sufllage , and the other . points of the glorious Charter .

      Newcastle . —The Chartists held their usual weekly busmees meeting in their Hall , Goat Inn , Cloth market on Monday evening . Mr . Dees having been unauimousiy called to the chair , the secretary read- the minutes of the previous meeting , when Messrs . Smith , Phenix and Hay , took their seats as members of the general council . Mr . Frankland moved the following resolution , which was seconded by Mr . Hay , and carried unanimously , —" That in the opinion of this Association , nothing can' be more injurious to the Chartist cause than bickeriuga between our friends , and we Would advise that any diffeiencea that may in future arise amongst our leaders be left to arbitration , or 1

      decided by private letter , as we are firmly resolvednot to support any leader who may disgust our ears or injure aur cause by any party cavilling . " Moved by Mr . Fiankland , and seconded by Mr ; Finlayj-r- " That a vote of the confidence of this Association be tendered to each of the present National Executive Committee , respectively , and that the same be inserted in the Norifiern Star . " Carried unanimously . Several sums were paid : in ! for the lecturer's fond . Volunteers were appointed to become collectors for Holberrya widow fund , viz ., Messrs . Fleming , Wilkinson , Purvis , and Finlay , and after a lengthy discussion upon local busineas tbe ^ nuBeting adjourned .

      C^Avtijst Kii^T^Ttf^ 11 ¦-—— —

      C ^ avtijSt Kii ^ t ^ ttf ^ 11 ¦ - —— —

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      YOL . Y . NO . 243 . SATURDAY , JULY 9 , ? 18 ^ v 4 ^^ : — — ——¦ ; : ' ' - . • V : ¦¦ _ _„_ _ —¦—— : r ~^ 4- : ~ .

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      — ** ¦ V ^_ X-V ^ - . - ¦ - ; .- ^" .:.: - . ¦ . ^¦ ¦ ¦ - ¦ . ¦ . ¦ - ¦ . . ^^¦ -v- ; ;/ :. ; - - ; '; - .-: : /¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦ -: ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦< ' f - ' - " ¦ - AND LEEDB GENERit ^ B ^ B ^^^ : ^ .::: . gvJ /^

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 9, 1842, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1169/page/1/