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Northern Star (1837-1852), 9th January 1841, Edition 1 of 2, Page 3, u 1 —=^~ (Continued from Mr Seeond page.)

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    • THE NOB.THE&F STAR SATURDAY, JANUARY 9, 1841.
    • u 1 —=^~ (Continued from Mr Seeond page.)
    • THE QUESTION OP " LEGALITY."
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      Untitled Article

      DINNER TO THE LIBERATED CHARTISTS . n Thawday eveaing ; » Public dinner w ? s given by « J ? aS ££ . atil » Hdl of Science , Camp Field , to B . J- Richardson , Wn Buttera-orth , Samnel iSf ^ ( j J . Smith , and Christopher Djyle , -whose fruition from prison , after an incarceration of nine B j on charges of sedition , we announced in last \ rt Advertiser . The dinner was seared np in the ISons room called tba Grand Hall , where excellent S-saiaadMion was provided for the company . The rSvnn&a * «* was P Iaced ucder ie eIe ^ Proscenium ftiie room- FiTe tobles were P * * lengthwise along fvJbodT of the room , and one extended across the end ^ t ^ T g ^ uie proscenium , and at these about three accornmoaatea

      i ~ at *\ mile and female gaasta were . SS ^ Jom « s brilliantly lighted with gas and deco-Id with numerous banners , evergreens , &c Behind Sfrauaaa ' s ^ was d ^ yed a splendi d drop % * nr e 9 eBtu S > we nnderstand , the arrangements 8 C ^ 'rL proposed to be effected by Mr . Owen ' s com-111 £ T « tem -4-t the end of the room fronting the ^^ i saepe nded a larps full-length portrait of fzL a O'Connor , Es < J ., inscribed " O'Connor , Hunt ' s rb Zx&qt . " Am ongst the banners , &c , which were fwlred on the occasion , we observed the following : bannerinscribed " Manchester Political

      Lsree bine , riiion ' a 11 ^ bearing a fiture of Justice with the balance ; laaD ^ inscribed , " Manchester Female Political Tnion , " on which was painted a portrait of Dr . P . vD-juall ; banner inscribed , " Librrty and Equality ; « irther bearing the inscription , " Fur & nation to be free , it is sufficient that she wills it ; " large banner , feseribed " Universal Suffrage , Shert Pariiiments , Equitable Adjustment ; " portrait of Thos . Paine ; enjroving of the Manchester massacre , &c- A . band of jrede was in attendance , and played , during the evenairs

      S » L a variety « f popular . -- The chair was uken by the Rev . Jas . Scholefield , 61 Erery-street , Anco-ivs . At the Presidents table sat the five liberated prisoners above-named , and several other persons , including , we believe , the wives of yrf of the parties in honour of whom the dinnt : r was pveu After the cloth was withdrawn , the Chai&man rose j » d said it was not long since they bad the opportunity of meefesg in that hall on a similar occasion , to welcome back from incarceration Messrs . Collins and H'DgusII , and he would say that they frit equal pleasure in giving as sincere . a welcome upon the preaest occasion to the guests that were around him . / Hear , hear , i The time for such an enter ^ innient was

      jamewhat inauspicious , and to th-t ce attributed ti : e ^ rtomstanca of the attendance not being so numerous js on the other occasion to which he had ahndrd . gs £ it been at any other time he had no doubt that ease men would have been welcomed by as numerous j eofflpany as were Messrs . Collins asd il ' Donall . H = m » not aware that he should have to preside at this meet ing until late that afternoon , and therefore they Touid not expect much from him in the way of speaiingthitevening ; but he must say this , that the « mse d the people certainly was progressing , no : onlyhsre , fel t generally ; and they ought to be grateful for tie imasess which their governors had bestowed upon Messrs . Kichaids ^ n . Collins , M-Duaall , and others , because it was the best thing that could haTe happened for the cause of the people- The better a cause was ftg more enemies it had ; and they knew by experience fiat the more the advocates of any cause wer * prose-The

      eaJad the better that cause got on . n higs had done this , however , not with any real desire to further the people ' s cause , and therefore they owed them nu flaati The cause of the people was guing on ; there yas a better understanding amongst them thaa formerly , jad they were more united . He was sorry that they , ja Manchester , at the present time , had to contend igsinst another oppressive power which was insinuate : is * itself into the town , he meant the Xew Poor Law . ( Hear , hear . ) This law , which was especially to mud tJje poor , tie "Whigs and Tories h ^ d coalesced to bring fa , and they were equally in favour of it . Vndtr preseat rircumstiBces , understanding that there were a Bamber-of persons present who wished to enjoy ihem-Klves with a ball alter the other proceedings had tcr-Eiaated , he would not detain thsm Jong ; r , but propose 2 k first toast , which was that genuine Radical one , "The Poop - - " ! Loud cheers , i > ir . Bell , in repiyin ^ to the toast , s-jd it was one •^ r nich had often been given in the Whig and shaoijRadieal camp o ! ths present diy . It hid ofun betn re sponded to by men professing liberal principles , and " who , at the time thty were responding to it , had been endeavouring by every meaus in tlirir power to tTsaiyle ¦ a oon tkat peopie whom they wtre extolling . 1 ., t workiiig classes , aad they slone . in hi 3 opinion , furniejl the people . The aristocracy and their mini . 'ns / ' -nnt-d loae of tie people , in his opinion ; but r ^ ey who descended into the bowels of the earth , and by their industry , their skill , and enterprise , produce . } that « k « b ^« & tu&dtt ^ "gHM so renowned amongatnations , « sd the envy and umiration of tte worM—^ h-y were the people , in hia opinion . Thty who had raised England from a barren ni'Xir to what she wa-, who had raised the pai&ce o ; tne aristocrat , and br whose sid hs eujoyed the w ^ ai ^ i the pe- p ' e pro ; . uct- —they were the people . The people were those who had Vuik -OM towns , who had made Eoti ^ ai wL&t she is , ana yet who had to starve in the midst of plecry . The rights of the people had been trampled upon by the few , the ariat-jcracy anJ the moceyocracy . The pc-ople were the only legitimate source of power , acd the ? were the only legitimate source of wealth . Why was it then that they were not represented ? Thers mu--t t > e » cause for it . There was no other but the diaarsaiiized position ¦ which the working c . assee had asiamed , ana the splits which existed amongst them-« lve * They found men base enough to openly de-Boonce those who had done all in their power to obtain fonhem their rights and privi eges . Such men hai era been found amungst the people , —such men hau ¦ ersr been found willing tools to th-2 higher an * middle aais of society , whOie interest it was to maintain the people in that state in which they at present existed . Thers lis a time whenth- comfortable , white-washed cottage cf the labourer adorned tht face of England , and when fe labourer w ^ a wei ! psid . Was it impossible tha : ttt working classes coald be raised from the . ' r present { aadiuen , and be again in possession of £ oaieti : ' ujg iifce Ksnfortable homes ? It waa passible , and it rested Tith themselves whether they and tiieir faniilita refciTed the fall reward for their labour which thty ¦ ooght to receive , and which their industry and their

      ifcffi entitled them to . There was wealth enough prodwed m this country to ieep all happy and comfortlile ; plenty for ihe working man , and . pleriy for the idle aristocracy- There was plenty for all ; but bow ¦* igjt that they who produced all received next to ¦ BKidng , whilst they who produced nothing werg waJkmng in luxury ? It was , ^ he had said before , btesose « rf the disunion amongst the working classes , from thtir want of cooperation , they had al ; owed the iMsued few to tet all they should havo . Tae working disses were ihe people , aad they only . The rest wtre ¦ fie drones of society . . The working classes produced fla : which all existed upon ; the working clashes la&ered aa equivalent for what they consumed ; the * althy drones rendered ho equivalent for what thty « s » aaed , and consequently were not the persons * bo contributed to the wealth of society . lApplause ,

      The Chaiema > " said the next toast was one which * osld mee : with a cordial response from all pr ^ sent-Jj related to the men who ~ on the pr <_ c = nt occasion , fiiey were esp-eciaiiy called up > on to iicsuur—namely , Kessrs . Richirdsoc , ButttTWurth , Doyle , Smith , ami 8 » tt . ( C :: eers-i After some humorous observations , fie ReY . Chirrman said the company would have the flppcrttmity of hearine frum those who would lespoijil te& « toast whethtr , whiLs : at college , they ha ; l le : irned fe first lesson of Radicalism , which was c- > : muon sense . Hi should caD upon Mr . Richardson & 121 , he bcinfc- first the list

      » r . B . J . Richaedso > ' then came forward , and was ** 2 y cheered . He said , 31 r . Chairman , ladies , and Icemen , it apj ^ ars , from what has fallen from our ^ incau , that we are to undfrro in examination after « ostudies at college . ^ Laughter . ) The first question ¦ » fcsve we forgot our first Itason , common sense ? That ; aminds me very forcibly of an anecdote that was very FCTiknt during the time when Tteoinas Paine was ? ** prosecuted for his Age 0 / Reason , his Common iSaje , sad his Rights of Mao . At tiut time , Sir , you t ^ i wae aiat aij th hnidtjs and readers of Paice ' s

      ( Jtt * were prosecuted . An order came down to Bolton ff » 2 fc High CoDsUiile there to search all tlie houses in tfatt ' and Iittie Bulton , in ordtr to see whether tbere I ?** :, « iy of Paine ' s works secreted in any of the l *»» ers , ctimijUj . holes , beneath the floors , or anyr ^ eelse , and ' to bring the owners of them before Mt . L ** terry . The High Constable called the Drputy Conl ™^! who tosainoniy went by the name of Jem . [• f */ 1 said the Hith Constable , " thou mun go round l *» townand Eee whether thee can foind ocy o Paine's I j *? 6 0 ' Reason , * R' -ets o' Mod , " or ' Common Sense . '" 15 * . Jem set out and starched all through Great axd Iwfe BolKm . He then came back to the High Con-|** e . who said , " WeU , Jem , what success ? " " Why , " IJJ' he , " we ' ve done &t you ordered , and we ' ve not Pj * » ble to feind ony Common Sense , or Beets o' Mon I jT » here . " ( Laaghiei . ) And , Six , I assure yon I found W ^ Bomjn Bense in gaol- It was all of a very refined I ** % . and onr lessons wtre chiefly in the school of

      grtsn Whig gaol philosophy ; and a very fine school §** ¦ ' I will assure you . They talk of Tory days of li **«* tioB . 1 -wiii ' grve you an instance . I saw in Ejjjwter Castle a copy of mles made is the year g " . » ad signed by Justice Bayley . At that time E * R * ais to have been a custom of tha county ma-B ° * teg to make the rules and get them ^ 2 * bj the Judge upon the circuit . The county C ^ Wfratu at that time put in a quart of beer aad a P" » of wine to all persons before trial , and to all per-^ J < * fter trial for misdemeanour . Old Justice Bayley , ENltetaw ft , t * id , " A pint—put in a quart ; " and E *^ eaiabie < i until I went to Lancaster . But the E ** & »* node a new law , and took the power from gfodgw oo drenit , anl gave it to the Secretary of By -bear ); and the Secretary of Sate said a pint gP Qwqfo . Therefore , Sir , under the Whig gaol EF " ^' w * hav * been reduced from a quart of bee Kr * 5 «« rt rfwine to a pint of beer and a pint of wine . If * »« tid now go to otiiei subjects ; and first , tit

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      would say that patting the people ' s leaden is gaol had not deprived them of that common Bens © which they had when they went there . Ha did not know a single man , from John Fr&st downwards , who was in the least alienated from his former opinions in politics . They might probably make men more cautious by patting them under bail , but they could not change their opinions . He was under bail for three years , taking date the 23 d Dectmber , 1810 , and therefore he must speak ' very cautiously of tba Whig gaol philosophy in Dowsing-street , in Lancaster , and in Kirkdale ; but sciirhe might do them justice . And what justice did he do them ? First , the \ Vhigs , who came into power upon the shwulders of the people , were the very first to incarcerate the people in gaols , and were the very first

      i to incarcerate him , who worked like a horse to get them j back to power . He would take good care to pay them j back with interest , for all the services they had done to [ him . They had , through their course of oppression j and misrule , imprisoned 665 persons for political offen-; ces , and all because they dared to denounce the Whig r Government . " Tha people , the source of a ' . l political I power , " and " the liberty of the press , " had been j favourite toasts with the Whigs . For spsaking their minds , he and others had been lodged in gaol . ( Hear , hear , hear . ) Yes , for speaking their ! minds , they had incurred the displeasure of those who j were glad at one time to climb upon their shoulders to I power ; and did any one think that they could forget j their duty to the Whigs , which was to bring them back

      fiomthat high state they now occupied . iHear . ) He thanked Grod he had a vote or two yet to spare , and perhaps , before twelve months were ovcr , these Whigj lings w ^ uld come CTawling to him for a vote , and he i promised , them he would not give it to his friends . He j would give it to his more generous enemies , the Torica i If . he eou } d use the Tories for the purpose of bringing ! back the Whigs from power , he would do it , and every i nuin was justified in doing it Previous to the year i 1838 , the country was in a very encouragiug state so far as regarded Reform . But now how did they find it ? ; Since he had be « n in gaol , he had had an opportunity j of reflecting upon the doings of the Whigs , and he i found that during that Line months , the Whigs had i done m * re to rivet the c . ains of slavery upon the peudo

      p , e th ^ n ever was ne under the despotic reign of Sidmouth and Castlereagh . They bad thrown the pro jress . of Reform back wards twenty years or more . The Whigs hail been labouring , and with what effect , he need only allude to the police soldiery , for the purpose of centrallilng all the acihorit es in the hands of the Secretary of State , in order that the Government ought have the power to put down every attempt to obtain the -people ' s rights , whether moral or physical . During tue agitiition for the Reform Bill many Radical Reformers were induced to yield to the interests of those in power on condition thai when they had got the licforni Bill they would assist the Radical Reformers in obtaining Universal Suffrage . How Lad the Whigs fulfilled their promises ? He need only mention

      to them Archibald Prentice . ( Hear . ) The occasion to wn ^ ch he aliuded was a meeting on St . Peter ' s-field , when Air . C . J- S . Waiter was in tha chair , and when Mr . Brooks moved a resointion in favour of Universal Suffrage , which he t . Mr . Richardson ) seconded . Archibald Prentice said , " , JJr . Richardson , 1 am sure youmiut see the iiuprupr ety of asking for Universal Suffrage now ; 1 am sure we will assist you to get Universal Suffrage after we get the Reform Bill . " Where was he ' Mt . Prentice ) now ? Why did be not convert the Manch&xer Times into another Soriliern Star , and why did he ' not lead them on to Universal Suffrage as he had done to the Poor Law ? Why , because it did not suit his interest . ( Hear . ) Mr . Prentice hadnow a peculiar interest , he might call it , in speaking of the knowledge tsst . He i Mr . H- ) snould like to see a test of that kind for members of parliament , for kbigs , and for peers ,

      and for all the oficers of state ; but he was afraid it was beyond Mr . Prentice ' s . ukill to devise a plan for giving knowledge to statesmen , and fitting them for legislators . ( Applause ) After alluding t *> the warpolicy of the Whigs , which he severely animadverted upon , and to some other topics , the speaker said thst the time was fist approaching when physical force , as a means of obtaining the people ' s rights , would become a secondary question- There was a 5 iine fast approaching when the whole mass of the British people , middle classes , working ciassea , and higher classes would bocome one chaotic sc ^ ne 01 coaiuaion . The price of labour was becoming lower and lowei , and the labouring population of Euglaud would be reduced to the last extremity . The higher and middle classes would still wish to keep their power , but what could withstand ihe people when groauing btDtath the weight of tyranny ? What govcrnnicu : ¦« ouid have the hardihood , or what goveraB > ei : t would have the power to withstand the shock ? Ought not , then , the people of England to be prepared to save this country from tLe wreck which took piace in France , during the V : vo . ; t revolution of . ait century ? Th-s could only be . ion * by the moral organiZition of the people . He spoke > : m-. nl organization , and he qiiidin ' ed it now , because he . Lad bten whit was called , a physical force man ; and he was Dot a ^ hamtil to say tliat , after the attempts that had been mace , there ¦ was not the slightest chance fur taii £ «> untry ever' to b * m ^ difitxl and regenerated by & bivM ^ y TeToluiioa . He thought now it khouid be by a moral revolution , although he should be the very last man to shrir . fr fcvzn danger if he saw any necessity for it . lApplause . ) Ho wouiU rtcommend the people to ... rganlze themselves in every iown , village , ana hamlet i : ; the kingdom . He cared not for grand national crganiz-. tion , as tl . at might be open to ihe charge oi iiifc ^ ahty . He thought unless the people of England steered as clear of the laws as they possibly coulii , the poJiee soldiery would take every opportunity to seduce them into illegal steps . At the present moment there wa » more necessity fer moral agitation than evtr . tHeax , hear . ) He concluded by cautioning all present against trusting strangers and orators whom tnty had no » kaown long enough to be satisfied of their honesty , and sat down amidst cheers . Mr . Wm . Bcttekwokth next addressed the meeting , and , in the course of his remarks , he alluded to tue jury before whom be had been tried . The jury w : iS composed of men who werj but one degree removed from the operatives , and yet , without waiting onememtmt , they pronounced him guilty , thus showing the little sympathy they had with the people . These jutn were as sudden in pronouncing him guilty aa the Duke of Wellington would have been , and their con--ciuct induced him to think that they were no better friends of his than the Duke of Wellington . There wiis another important fact which he would mention , ttad that was , that efery man who had been prosecuted by the Government had been prosecuted also by men who ought to have supported him ; he meant by a portion of the working men ; for the working men , by their apathy , had given the lie , in a great measure , to what had been said about Universal Suffrage being wanttd . So long as that was the case they could never exptct to work out the salvation of the body to

      which tLty belonged . The only way in which they coulil work out their salvation was by uniting as one man , but , at the same time , as Mr . Richardson had observed , they ought to take care that t e Attorney-Geaeral did not pouuee upon them . The franchise was the right of every man in the community , and with nothing short of that ought they to be satisfied . ( Hear , hear . ) They were told that " knowledge was power , " and that the middle classes and the aristocracy were in possession of ail the knowledge . Xow they having thit knowledge which was calculated to protect them , why did they not allow the poor man to have the Tight to exercise the franchise ? But this power would never be granted until tke people were in a position to d-. m-. md it , and that moment they would get it . Tu petition the legislature for Universal Suffrage was , as a very eminent statesman had said , like petitioning the recks of Gibraltar ; but the moment they mw that the people were strong enough w get what they wanted , then they wonhl very coolly give it to them .

      : Mr . DOTLE then briefly a idressed the company . He 1 conutrinn- d the Wh'gs an . i Tories alike , as enemies of the working clashes , and said if ever he had tue > privilege of giving a vote , it should be given to a Radical ,, or not at alL He shewed Uie inalienable right of the people to possess the franchise , and concluded by expressing a hope that they would never : cease their exertions until they had obtained the People ' s Charter . After a few words from Mr . G . H . SMITH , i The Cuairma . n saiii that Mr . i > cott , from indisposition , did not feel himself capable of addressing the ; assembly . He then proposed -the next toast— " Frost , Williams ' , and Jcnta . " . Mr . Edward CvrraX nest addressed a few words to the company , observing that it was intended to hold ; a metiing the next day in favour oi the liberation of the : men who were named in the last toast , and urging the ; duty of ail Chmiets to endeavour to bring them back to ' their country and their fauiilitE .

      The next U > a > t frgin the chair wa ? " Feargus O'Connor , and all the iDcarcersi . ed victims . " ( Applause ; It was now twelve o ' clock , and as it was understood that music and dancing were to usher in the new year , a vote of thanks was unanimously passed to the Chairman for presiding . The tables were then removed from the body of the hall , and dancing commenced . —Manchester and Sal ford Advertiser .

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      CONGLKTON . —A public meeting was held here on New Year ' s Day , to petition Parliament for the remission of the sentence passed upon Frost , Williams , and Jones , Mr . James Gosst . ing in the chair . He said we are collected together this day for a rerj important object , one of a praiseworthy and benevolent kind ; we are met to use onr utmost endeavours to get our worthy but injured countrymen , Messrs . Frost , Williams , and Jones , restored to their families , country , and once happy , but now distressed , destitute , and miserable homes ; they were not sent out of the country by the laws of the country , if justice had been done * It was a punishment intended for their principles , and for advocating the cause of the poor , Uie wretched , and starving working classes ; and aa they bad lost their liberty for us , it was our duty to use our utmost endeavours to bring them back . Mr . J 0 H 5 Bukgess proposed the first resolution : —

      * ' That this meeting deeply sympathise with those three noble-minded patriots , Messrs . Frost , Williams , and Jones , who are banished frwn their beloved wives and families , and deprived of every comfort which is calculated to make man happy , for advocating the cause of the distreajed million * ; and further , that we pledge our&slves to use every legal and constitutional means in our power to get them home , by petitioning

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      the House of Commons and memorialising the Queen , to restore them to t ^ eir wives , families , and country . " Mr . B . said , we are not met nere to a ? k * ° * the pardon and liberation of convictea Wons ; we are mot here to ask for the pardon and liberation of three honest patriots , men who could fed for ***> suffering and distress of others . The ckvracter , in particular , of Mr . John Frost , must convinse hi * enemies from his paat life of kindness , benevolence , and affection towards his wife and famijy , and his charitable actions towai'ds his fellow-creatorea , that he was not a man that could coolly calculate upon abodding blood . Mjt . B . had no doubt but he was betrayed by others . The resolution was seconded by Mr , Willjam Swain , and carried unanimously . The address to the Queen was proposed by Mr . 3 UH 0 ESS , aad seconded hy Mr . WH . Snows , and carried unanimously .

      The petition to the House of Commons was proposed by Mr . Hugh Murphy , seconded by Mr . Robert Jokes . Mt . Jones said , I second the petition from my heart ; I do it on the true Christian principle of doing unto others as I would they should do unto me , for I am sure if I was taken from my wife and children , and sent into a foreign land aa a slave , 1 should wish my fellow-oountrymea to exert all their powers to get me home again . Mr . Ch . abi . es NiSEBY proposed the secend resolution : — " That it is the opinion of this meeting , that any Gk > vernm « nt which acts with justice and mercy towards the governed , ieed not employ a vile bind of spies aud informers for the purpose of encouraging disturbances throughout the country , and afterwards cruelly punish the victims of their artful snares with imprisonment , transportation , and death . "

      Mr . Nastby said this is a day of great importance to England . The object for which we have assembled is of awful importance -, for , if we gain the object whieh we are seeking for , viz , the liberation and restoration of the three brave patriots to their homes , their families , and their country , it will show that the people ' s voice in petitioning is not entirety useless and ut no effect ; but if , on the other hand , the tens ef thousands , or most likely the hundreds of thousands of our countrymen that are now gathered together for tha same purpose as ourselves , should fail , then we shall , from the circumstance of being denied our request , be able to come to a conclusion what sort of men we have to do with , and what their characters are . By their fruits ye shall know tLein . Where the fountain is corrupt , the streams are corrupt also . Mr . J . Beresford seconded the resolution . Mr . Thomas Beresford proposed the third resolution : —

      " That every man of mature age , unconvicted of crime or insanity , ought to vote for a representative in Parliament . " Mr . B . said that if we had a Parliament chosen on this principle , the nation would be much better governed thau it was at present , ior tlw paopie had now no power . Mr . Thomas Burgess ieconded the third resolution . Mr . DixoN proposed the fourth resolution : — " That Annual Parliaments and Universal Suffrage were , formerly , and ought now to be , the law of the land . "

      He said that Annual Parliaments were a law of the charter signed by King John , which bound the sovereign of the country te duties as well as the people , and when those laws were broke by power acquired without the consent of the people , ho thought that Magr . a Cbarta became null and void , and , aa It was signed in the presence of the assembled nation , and signed by the King of that day , he considered the peuple had as much right to demand their lost privileges contained in th « ir charter , as the King or Queen had to wear their crown ; for it was only by a prumistj on the part of the sovereign , to fulfil his duty , tbat the people put it on his head . Mr . George Hamersly seconded the resolution . A vote of thanks was given to the Chairman , and the meeting broke up .

      The Nob.The&F Star Saturday, January 9, 1841.

      THE NOB . THE&F STAR SATURDAY , JANUARY 9 , 1841 .

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      " It never rains bui it pours" saith the proverb ; and so we have found it . Since the formation of the Royal Lo / al Fox and Goose Club , we have heard nothing from ^ t' Mother Goose" but the exclusive exoelleace and preeminent legality of the Menagerie . The purpose of these harangues has evidently beea not more the establishment of the Goose Plucking Society , than the poking of its harmless sting against the sides of Chartism . Mother Goose has not been alon «

      in this iundable employment : much aid has been xenderercd to her impotent exertions by those from whom better things might have been expected . In fact , during the whole of a Jong campaign , we have been engaged in defending the Chartist garrison from assault , surprise , betrayal , and desertion . No sooner had we stifled the cackle of the Goslings , and silenced the barking of old Reynard and the cubs , thau up started the Real Old Goats iu Ulster , who thre&teued , \> y a junction with the Fox and Goese Club , to take us by storm . Then came Prince

      Albert and his humanity-mongers . Then came , but as a glimmer , the emigration-mongers ; next came the education-mongers ; and now come the legality-mongers . The aim , the end , and the object of each and every one of these bodies being , firstly , to remove us from our position—three removes being as bad as one fire , " as Poor Richard says ;" and thus haviDg accomplished their object , to establish , not a more legal , but a less offensive body in the place of defunct Chartism . Has it , upon reflection , ever struck these gentlemen of delicate nerves , that every Association established for the benefit of the sweating class has been considered illegal ? whilst the numerous Associations

      formed against their interest has been held to be legal because not prosecuted , no power being Vested in the poor oppressed to prosecute the rich oppressor . An Act framed for the suppression of mutiny in the Nore was pressed into the service of the reforming Whigs , to 6 trike terror into their old associates , through the thin lean sides of the far-away unprotected Dorchester Labourers . The unanimous Scotch Jury of ONE found , upon thoir oaths , according to the evidence , that the Glasgow Cotton Spinners were illegally associated ; and that , being so , the individual acts of the members of the Association , in 1812 , remained in full force against the body as existing in 1837 , though many of them had not been then born .

      The Corn Exchange has been the theatre of countless Associations since 1835 ; and all legal , or—¦ what Is better , none prosecuted , —because they were for keeping up abuse ; while they have had members all over tho kingdom , and paying ones , and associates , we learn , in Manchester and elbevrhero . The Masters meet and conspire to keep down wages and to prosecute delinquents , and are called " preservers of the public peace" ; but if the Men meet to keep wages up , they are called " infidels " , "destructives " , "incendiaries " , and , what is considered to be worse—Chartists .

      We have had bundles of letters upon an attempt now being made to affright the " unfortunately flourishing , " and therefore "illegal " , body of Chartists ; and as we expected that open assaults from the enemy would furnish us with fair grounds of defence , we preferred waiting for the alternative which ^ fother Goose was sure to present . Here , then , we give the following " tit-bit , " cooked , no doubt , by some of the lauded body , who , at the time of the Convention " being projected , were proceeding in a quiet , orderly , s-jsisibW manner , by means of ^ ork-Jijg Men ' s Associations . " The following " tit-bit , " we say waa doubtless furnished by some of those " quiet orderlies" who have been too long out of the kitchen to bear longer absence without a struggle . Here it it is , both legal opinion and editorial comment : —

      "If the following opinion , furnished by a wellinformed correspondent , be correct , almost all the public bodies ; which have met during the last ten years' agitation , have been Illegal ; and the members of thini liable to transportation for a longer or shorter period . Such a state of the Jaw is most disgraceful , and we trust that the Leeds Association will lose no time in directing their attention to the best means of reforming and improving it . Our correspondent observes : — " The Anti-Corn Law League was illegal in eonsequence of some of its members having been elected by clubs or societies .

      " * There is no doubt that the law could be strained to include deputies chosen at public meetings to procura alterations- in the . laws , but It would bo a most ungracious and outrageous proceeding . Suck assemblies have existed for upwards of sixty years , and never have been molested . In Wyvil ' s papers—6 vols . octavo—are very many accounts of such meetings , under the names of committees , conventions , and meetings of delegates , in Yorkshire and in London . They were compose * of Peers of Parliament , members of the House of Commons , clergymen , and gentlemen . Similar meetings have been held witu short intervals ever since . The celebrated Webb Hidl waa the leader of the agriculturists for many years , and deputies from various associations met , as such , svery year at the King ' s Arms Tavern , Pulace-yard , London .

      " ' The Convention « f 1839 was not O'Connor ' s . It was concocted at Birmingham by the advocates of Mr . Attwood ' s absurd scheme of currency , and more for the purpose of working out that than for anything else . An opinion was asked respecting the mode of appointing the delegates , by one of these gentlemen ; ami the law was pointed out to him . He was told that if the Conncil of the Birmingham Political Unioa appointed delegates it would make the Convention an illegal assembly , and the consequence was the Council not only refrained from appinting delegates , but recommended them to be chosen by public meetings , and not by societies , giving the legal reason for the advice .

      "' The Convention was not the project of the working people , who at the time of its being projected were proceeding in a quiet , orderly , sensible manner , by means of Working Men ' s Associations . It was forced upon them by the contrivers at Birmingham , who are , or ought to be . held responsible for all the foiJy and all the mischief of that absurd measure . The new project which is unfortunately flourishing under the name of " the new Chartiat organization , " ia Illegal not only in matter but in words , which seem to have been chosen on purpose , and in the very teeth of the two acts 39 and 57 G «* o . III . If they do not take care , they are certain to bring down the vengeance of tke Government on the men who are mo 3 t indiscreetly joining the association . '"

      Now a ready and unanswerable reply to this absurd legal document and Mother Goose ' s commentary , might be furnished by mere reference to the Manifesto of the Convention . Although that body was strictly legal ( even . O'Connell admits it ) yet , if the manifesto had been carried in its original form , it would have rendered the members who supported it liable to punishment , while it would nr , t have touched the legality of the body . "We pan better prove the legality of the Conventioa by a negative than by a positive . We prove it " the clemency of the Whig Government Inoply prosecuticg Lotett and Collins for their individual act as Chairman and Seoreta ? y , instead . « f pon euch grounds making a general assa illegal Association '

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      This view is analogous to th < J con 8 w uction of'aw aa regards meetings . A meeting may he i ** ^ " a strictly legal purpose , and subsequent i'kgality , such as seditious speeches , or inducements to con-Bpiro for illegal purposes , may turn it into an illegal assembly . The Government , having no law whereon to ground a general indictment against the formation of the body , pounced upon the most influential members in their individual capacity , for acts elsewhere sworn to be committed , or words to have been spoken , which , in many instances , were never uttered .

      But we go further . Who drew op the manifesto ? William Lovett , the life , the soul , the spring of the quiet , orderly , sensible parent of the few Working Meu ' s Associations which existed throughout the country . We say the few ; because antecedently to the Convention there was fifty Radical Associations , which were then the garrisons of liberty , fox every one Working Man ' s Association . Let us now see whether or not the same anxious caution existed in the Convention , thought too timid in 1839 , which is now sought to be infixed into the advanced corps in 1841 . In taking this view we

      must revert to what was not done ; but which , if done , would have been illegal , and which , but for the reckle 5 s , careless , incautious , bloody-minded Feargus O'Connor , would have been done . This manifesto proposed that the whole people should refuse to pay rates , rents , and taxes , and should also refuse to take in or read any save Chartist papers . We learn from the reports of the Convention ' s proceedings that O'Connor opposed this in London , * and further , upon the adjourned debate upon the question at Bfrmingaanf , at a time and in a place when a less sound and cautious

      judgment might , from surrounding excitement , have been allowed great latitude , he said that he opposed it because it was illegal ; he opposed it because it was impracticable and would make them look contemptible by the recommendation of a course which they could not pursue ; he said he opposed it because the vengeance of the law would first fall on the most poor and the least protected , but most honest and enthusiastic of their ranks ; inasmuch aa the weekly renters would be brought into immediate collision with the landlords aud the law , while quarterly and half-yearly tenants would have ample time to look on at the battle before they felt its effects ; he said that he opposed the refusal to read

      adverse papers , because it was a shutting of the door against knowledge . Now , if the Convention had been strong enough to assume a bold and" a positive position , and had strength to carry out their Manifesto with a fair " appropriation clause " for the distribution of danger , we should have considered O'Connor's objections as timid ; while we should have hailed Lovett's rejoinder , which was to the following effect , as bold , manly , and decisive . Lovett said : — " I know it is against the law ; but what of that ? what are we here for but to break law ? and until we do that , we cannot come into collision with the Government , and hope for any amelioration of the present sjstem . "

      Now , let us enquire i / the position of the people and the Convention warranted this bold and manly , aye , and " necessary" delation ia 1839 , whit , by the rule of progression , would be language too strong , or daring , too startling , in 1841 , when there are now three Chartists for every one which cohM boast of the name at the former period , and when those less noisy and less taxed for agitation are nevertheless " unfortunately flourishing " .

      The hedge lawyer who has favoured us with his " commentaries'' through "Mother Goose ; " the volunteer ( and we have not much faitn in legal volunteers ) tells us , " that the law could be strained to include deputies chosen at public meetings , to procure alterations in the laws ; " but our guarantee , he says , is that it would be " a most ungracious and outrageous proceeding : " in faith ,. but as a ^ Tass window to keep out a broadside from Commodore Napier's Thunderer just now ! As well might the ladies of Acre have ht-ld up their fans to arrest the hot balls from our fire-ships . ' But ho knows nothing of the law . He is wrong . He then tells us , truly enough , that Attwood ' s intention was to have turned the Can

      yention into a one pound note club ; and he concludes with the following piece of most unmeaning folly , which no mortal but one as devoid of legal brains as himself would have published . He says : —" The new project , which is ' unfortunately flourishing , ' is illegal , not only in matter but in words , which seem to have been chosen on purpose , and in the very teeth of the two Acts , 39 and 57 George III . If they do not take care , they are certain to bring down the vengeance of tho Government on the men who are most indiscreetly joining the Association . " Let us see tho value of this legal venture . It will be found to consist in the two words , " unfortunately flourishing " . Aye , aye , aye ,

      "i / tnc Uie lachrimw , " or , as the Irish have it , " ail the butter is out of the stirabout , " or , as w « have it , " all the fat is in the fire . " Aye , they are " unfortunately flourishing" ; and henco'their illegality : they are " unfortunately flourishing "; and hence will no stone be left unturned to sap and undermine the beautiful edifice erected by the poor blistered hands , by themselves and for themselves , and in the absence of the top sawyers , the great men of their own ciass ^ who have ever been their greatest oppressors , opponents , and marplots , —too idle to work , and too

      poor to live without it . Chartism , with them , must be a paying principle or they will . " none o ' nt . " We have thus translated our share of the text ; but we confess ourincompetency to touchthe" words ' ' — " not only in matter , but in words . " What docs tho booby of boobies mean ? " not only in matter , but-ia words" . ' WiJl Mother Goose have the goodness , for the safe direction of us poor deluded victims , to inform us of the meaning of- tho phrase "in words" ? Why any association , though ever so legal in its construction , may be made illegal by words . " But what have " words" to do with the

      construction of an association ] A meeting of the nke , quiet , orderly , sensible working men ' s association might have been made illegal by the utterance of illegal words . But why waste breath with such dunderekulls ? The thing is rank , palpable uouseuso ; and the whole marrow consists in the " unfortunately flourishing" . ' Will our volunteer tell us which are the exact " words' * that dare to fly in the face , or to pick the very teeth , of old Geokge , our King , —words iu the teeth of an . Act of Parliament . What did the " flourishing" rascals say ? Only let us know . There is always a jealousy ia little minds associated for the same purpose ; while it so happens , that if any

      cause for jealousy really existed with respect to the present" unfortunately flourishing" Association , Mr . O'Co . NivoKand ourselves should feel sorelyaggrieved : Mr . O'Conmor , because oa the 18 th July , two days previous to the meeting , of delegates , who formed the present " unfortunately flourishing"" Association , he addressed a loug letter to them for their guidance , but the plans , therein recommended were not adopted ; and here let us give the following short extract from that letter . He eays —• " I want a plan that will work without putting you to danger , trouble , or expence . " We published , upon the same 18 th of July , the following clear rules for the guidance ot the delegates . They were as follows : —

      " W-e have had letters from all parts , requiring us to product our plan for the attainment of the Charter Webave ever chosen that the Northern S ( ar should be the 'reflector of the people , and their state , and Vircum stances , and opinions—the organ of their sedimentsthe gazette of their movements . We have never taken the position of a dictator ; nor shall we ever do so ; new shall the Northern Star while under our controul . We hold that all power centres in the people ; that the power of the people is in their unanimity ; and that unanimity is the result of deliberation . Hence , therefore , while we offer a vehicle for deliberation , we claim only the common right of citiaens to give oat advice and opinion on the matters of diacusBion .

      " Nothing can be more plain than that some one plan must be adopted for the concentration of our power . The several plans that have been propounded are atl good ; they nave each . Bomethlng to recommend it . It ia for the delegates , the representatives of the people ' s wisdom , to Bay which of them ah&ll be pat ia

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      general operation , or whether , from tie whole , son * one may not be formed , uniting the best parts of each , and leaving out what might be most objectionable froto them a' ] . " This seems to Ua to be the first and moat important duty of the delegates . Say , we doubt if we should much err , in calling it their great and only business j since , whenever an efficient mode of centraHziug and directing the national movement , laid down and acted on , the same machinery will effect any and every object which may be placed before it . Thus the same organt zation will present tLe means ef establishing the Charter , and of supporting the incarcerated tictims and their farniletf . 1

      "It is of immense importance , therefore , that to thta subject the minds of the assembled delegates should be applied with all carefulness and prudence , sicee mach of their ultimate success depends on the < fficieney and practicability of the means they adopt They must not forget the circumstances amidst which the people fcsv « to struggle , against the united power of wta'th , cunning , and cruelty . They must not forget that the mo * nopoly of legislation , so long usurped by the factionsj . has enabled them to fence the people round with disadvantages , with pains and' penalties , and legal

      disabilities , mush render a national organization a thing to be well and anxiously considered . Most of the plans which have been put forward for the purpose of organizing the people to procure the Charter , are , in the face of some one or other of the unrighteous decrees that axe made-by the oppressors , to bttyr the name and assume the operation of the law ; and hence , were they or any one of them carried out precisely as laid down by their respective authors ; Government would nurse them till thtir operation reached a convenient crisis , then prose * cute them in vast numbers , and cause them to be executed with merciless cruelty .

      " To aid the delegates in their deliberations on thta matter , it may be useful to put them in possession of the exact provisions of the Jaw , with respect to the existence and organization of political societies . " The Acts which apply to associations of the people , are the 39 th George III . c . 73 , and the 57 thl George III . c 19 ; and thongh malevolence anil lawyercraft have been unable to prevent the formation of political associations , they have succeeded in evcloping them with considerable difficulties , all of which may , however , be steered elear of , if the people mind . *

      " Tbe Act 39 th George 111 . prohibited all sorts of correspondence ami intercourse between societies whose proceedings were secret ; and it also prohibited the appointment of delegate * er other officers in all such societies ; and it further declared that every such society was an illegal combination and confederacy , and that every member of each society , and every person , not « member , who held intercourse with such ouch Society , was amenable to the punishments mentioned in the Act " It did the same in respect to every political society which had any divisions or branehes . " It did' not prohibit societies- whieh had no secret proceedings , divisions , or branches , from holding correspondence with other such societies . " It did not prohibit the appointment of delegates , nor meetings ofsach delegates .

      " It was thefeft > re lawful for any soeiety , which had no secret proceedings , to correspond in any way it pleased with other societies ; aud to appoint delegates to meet and trausact business with the delegates of other societies . " But during the administration of Lord Castlereagh , the liberties of tba people , which had been much abridged during the administration of Mr . Pitt , were thought to be still too j ; reat , and it was ooaeluded that tbo more the intelligence and consequent good conduct of the people increased , the greater was the necessity to destroy their ' rights and liberties , ' and an Act was therefore passed with this intention , subjecting all political societies to the penalties of tue Act 39 Gco . III .

      " No political society can , therefore , hold correspondence or intercourse with any other such society , nor ( ippi ) int delegates to confer with one another on any matter relating to the society . " These acts , disgraceful as they are to the legislature and to the nation , do not , however , prohibit any society from recommending the establishment of other societies . They do not prohibit any society from sending instructions- to any body of persons for the formation of-other societies . " They do nut prohibit a ! = y soeiety from * appointing delf g-ites to meet persons desirous of forming societies , and assisting-to conduct their proceedings to tlte mo ment the society is formed , but all such interference must cease before such society is declared to be in existence . ' _

      * ' They do not prohibit any one from being a member of as many societies as be pleases . " They do not prohibit any one from being a nrember of . the councils of as- man ; societies aa he pleases . " -.- '¦ '"'> . _ ,, v " They do not . prohibit any one from saying in any society , or in the council of any society , anything he pleases as a . mem bar of the council or society he ia addressing , provided he is not , and does riot taka upon himself the character of a delegate from acme other society . " Thus every man may see , what he may , and what he may not , do uuder these new-iangied laws , which his father or grandfather would have declared , the peeple of Great Britain never woaJd submit to . " Now , such was our advice then , and such was Mr . O'Connor ' s wish . But is it not too ridiculous

      that , in self-defence , we are thus called upon to remind the . people of matter which should be imprinted on every working man ' s mind ! We say in self-defence , because the legalitymongers are ,- in the dark , crying out , " O , shame ! why . did the Star allow this ' unfortunately flourishing' Association to become so powerful ? Our answer is , because we rejoice to see it ; and look , with unspeakable pleasure at the rapid growth and virtuous progress of the veritable working man ' s first-born , the eldest son of liberty . Yes , this is the very first Association ever yet formed by the fustian-jackets , blistered hands , and unshorn chins ; and its illegality consists in its" unfortunately

      flourishing" position ; while its impracticability consists in working men being paid the wages which industry can afford , instead of sinecurists receiving the salaries whieh trick , ingenuity , treacher . expediency , and . deceit could extract from a wellgulled , Btand-still , expectant , confiding community . It appears as difficult to form a legal Association of the sweating class as it us to apply details to a popular principle . However ,: next week we undertake to lay before the National Charter Association a chart for their guidance * which will , in the words of O'Connor , preserve them from "trouble , danger , and expence , " while it will make no organic change in . the constitution of the body ;

      but all attempts £ 0 transfer the seat of popular power from the centre of the hive , from . Manchester , shall fail ; there has Chartism , with the concurrence of the whole nation through its delegates in July last , established it ? head quarters , and there they should remain , at least so we most cordially hope . Let it be borue in mind , that not one siugle Lancashire or Yorkshire Chartist has deserted , his colours from the begiunins ; while every man above the rank of fustian , with very few exceptions , has deserted them . Not a single northern fusfeiau had deserted . L . et tho fogies , the disabled , » nd the recruits of Chartism , form depots : where they please ; but Manchester is the head quarters of the- veterans .

      We trust that -our kind friends will now see the folly of their ways , and the hopelessness of their enterprise . As to the nicety o £ tbe law in its appropriation , the poor man ' s share ray muchreminda us of the poor woodman's- sbajre of the sheep ' * head between' his master and mistress . A poor woodman , after his day ' s hard work , asked his mistress what was for supper ; her reply was . t" There is a-sheep ' s head ia thepot for supper * eld man ; There is a sheep ' s head in . the pot for supper , old man ; There is tile meat for Ae > and the broth for m » , and the horns for thee , old man . "

      The above lines may bejhus rendered into legal appropriation ;—There is some oM law in the books for money , poor man There ia some old law in the bosks for money , poor man ; There- is the spirit tor he , and the letter for me , aad the trsad-uiitl for thee , poor man . If the Whig Reformers of 1832 had stood so nicely upon the verge of legality , where would the Reform Bill have been 1 Legal or illegal , the people will bo martyrs till they are stronger thau bad laws , » nd able to make good laws . Onward , then , and we conquer ; backward , and we fall ; therefore let us not take a backward step ; by becoming more Bqu&unuh

      in 1841 , than We were in 1839 . This , we presnme t is the new inarch of intellect . Shkbidah once said , that "it the Jaw of Parliamentary Committee * wai strictly enforced , every Member of Parliament , from , the Land ' s End to John o' Groat ' s House , would bV unseated ; " but we say the House wjf ^ ttronger than * the law . Now , as matters rtMvffljJffiJBIifii 1 Jiaj , only to be laid , and when *»>^^* t ^ 1 ^ W"WJWffrfl has only to be oalled CftartulJjo ^^^^^^ lSf "V soon be found to ntmdamn h ^/ j ^ mfaMftSraCTlP t such laws . Let the people , QSl ^ ffi ^ pHm'A stronger than the law ; and iuS ^ ^ l ^ tJ ^^ Smm will be oaoght in * K ^^ twiy ^^^ # *^^ y

      U 1 —=^~ (Continued From Mr Seeond Page.)

      u 1 — = ^~ ( Continued from Mr Seeond page . )

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      KUGBY—A meeting wa 3 held here ou Monday evening , January 4 f h , for the purpose of memorializing her Majesty Queen Victoria , to # rant a free pardon to Frosi , Williams , and Jones . The room was well fitted ud , and the waila were hung with the ponraits of M'Douall , Collins , and Oastler . Mr . Thompson was called to the cnair , who briefl y opened the meeting , and calhnl ou Mr . Curne to move the memorial , which he did in a speech replete wiih sound sense . All pasced off well . The meeting waa well attended , aud the greatest unanimity prevailed . This looks well , considering that it is the first Chartist meeting which has ever be « u held here . The sum of 83 . 6 d . was collected , and will be forwarded to the Rtstoration Committee After the bus mess of the meeting was concluded , & committee was appointed , aad Mr . Currie requested to commiimc&te with the Natfonal Executive Council , with a view to forming themselves into classes , according ; o the National Organization plan .

      WZ 6 £ J 7 i-For the first time in the history of this town , the working das » es have bad the use of the largest room in the place , namely , the Commercial Hull , and they , in order to commeiiCe the new year as they ought to do , held a meating to determine upon the best means for bringing about th « restoration of our suffering brethren , the Welsh victims , Frost , Williams , and Jones . There was a good rau . ? ter ; indeed , it might be considered as toe commL-nceinent of a new era , this place being , for real Toryism and WbigeLsin , or , in other words , for barefaced bribery , corruption , tyranny , and oppression , without parallel . Mr . James Hyslop was called to the chair , who ,

      with much good humour , called the people ' s attention to the manner in which they bad hitherto been made tne dupes of both clergy and laity , reminding them they had met together for the purpose of rescuing , by legal means , their brothers , Frost , Williams , and Jones , from transportation , and ensuring their safe return to the land of their birth . He aiivised the people to do all in their power to secure political freedom , and never to cease agitating till they had dune away with the laws which made mujht ri ' jht , and secured the means of making laws , wLen every man would know that rvjhl i * . r ^ al might . This , he showed , cou > d only be done by making tbe Chnrter the law of tho land . He then sat down , cheered by hia friends , and called upon

      Mr . Renwick . from Bolton , who was chared loudly , and , in a mild and pleasing manner , lnjved the following resolution : — " That this meeting views the punishment inflicted on the Welsh victims , Frost , Williams , and Jones , as being ttnjnst and cruel in the extreme ; that iteagenden hatred and disaffection to the throne , and excites tho worst feelings of anger and revenge towards a Government extremely unpopular to a great majority of the people ; and , consequently , pledges itself to adopt every le ^ al means to restore them to their families and

      friends , " He was thoroughly convinced that nothing less than the Charter would give the people anything like the means of ameliorating their condition ; acknowledged he was proud in coming forward to do his duty in trying to restore Frost , Williams , and Jones , ani called upon the multitude to stand forward and advocate the cause of these victims , as they had formerly boldly and fearlessly stood before the public to advocate ours , and for which they were now exiled from their homes , but ha hoi-ed they would speedily be restored . Mr . R . concluded , and retired to his seat warmly applauded .

      Mr . CoNJiARD seconded the resolution in a long , mild , and argumentative speech , which our limits forbid us to insert The resolution was carried unanimously . Mr . Grimes next read a memorial to the Queen ; after which , be advanced same few pertinent remarks , and moved its adoption . Mr . Marsden , from Bolton , and late member of the Convention , seconded it . He remarked , there was a grtat noise made about pea . ee , law , and order ; and this emanating from persons who seemed to care about neither , except for themselves . Laws , he observed , were made by the rich , in order that they might tho more securely rob and plunder the poor . He was a weaver—he was not ashamed of owning it ; that was

      the way in which he bad te support his family , and at the best was bnt a miserable putting on . He would speak the truth fearlessly ; it was a robbing , plundering system—he had known it , experienced it—he had felt it , and was now feeling it , and most , therefore , speak , feelingly . He was certain those who have tasted the bitter cup , and experenced what he had done , ¦ would agree with him in what be should advance . Mr . Marsden then went on to detail the amount of plunder secured by the common enemy—the salaries and retiring pensions of statesmen—the immense sums of money paid to royalty , and the sinecures , places , and emolument of parties in office at various periods ; with their appointments of brothers , brothars-in-ltiw , cousins , and half-cousins , to situations from which they

      get nice pickings , all of which are wrung out of the pockets of the labourers . He spoke of my . Lord Brougham ' s feelosophj , and in an admirable manner illustrated the plundering system by referring to a benefit society who might appoint a number of persons as a committee to manage the general business and funds of the whole body ; should the committee in this case , as the representatives of the whole body , . appropriate the funds to gratify their own pride , avarice , and ambition , tbe body politic would soon oust them and appoint others more honest and trustworthy . The Charter , he contended , would place man in a position to appoint none but trustworthy servants to represent their interest * in Parliament , and called npon the people to consider this as their only safeguard . . This

      gained , he continued , would do away with competition the Socialists were making so much noise about He then dilat « d upon the Poor Law bastiles , and laid before the meeting some appalling facts connected with the starving system ; noticed the exertions of Frost , Williams , and Jones ; called upon the people to adopt the memorial , and set the victims at liberty . Mr . Marsden opened the eyes of the people by a many statements , which time and space prevents us from giving ; he was warmly cheered , and sat down amid the congratulations of his friend * . The memorial was put and unanimously carried . The next resolution , moved by Mr . Nicholas Ca *; - sisg , seconded by Mr . Silvester Booth , was . the following . —

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      •• That three of the old Convention be appointed by the Birmingham Committee to present our address to the Queen , as representatives of our feelings , our wants , our grievances , And our cause ; $ ad that our Xondon brethren be requested to attend onr deputation to the palace g&te , and there to congratulate the Queen upon this the commencement of a union of mutual love , respect , and loyalty between the Monarch and her industrious subjects . " Carried unanimously . A vote of thanks to the speakers and the chairman was then put to the meeting , and carried unanimously . Three cheers for Frost , Williams , and Jones , and the iccarcerated Choetista ware then heartily given , and three loud cheers for the Charter and Chartists concluded the meeting , when ah retired to their respective homes , well pleased with what , had been done , and done too , in ths most peaceable and orderly manner .

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      BboiVterre O'Brien and his Familt . —The London Coaunittee for collecting funds in aid of Bronterre O'Brien and his family , have received—per Mr . James Sharp , from various friends , £ 1 ; per Mr . Ireland , ditto , 7 s . ; and per A . Watson Fwulde , £ 1 10 a . I '

      The Question Op " Legality."

      THE QUESTION OP " LEGALITY . "

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      T HP NORTHERN STAR . *

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 9, 1841, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1091/page/3/