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Northern Star (1837-1852), 19th October 1839, Edition 1 of 1, Page 6, Untitled Article

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      I ^ TTER-gX ) M . COXSIDERANT RESPECTING HIS PLAN FOR THE CONCILIATION OF-t SOCIETY , TIZ . * ORGANIZATION Ol-XlABOUBv" : ( FnmtiieNewMoral World . ) Sj ^ - ^ IT a person perceive that lie Will suffer much injury wm the course of conduct recommended by a friend , he stturfe 3 iiot to acquaint thai feend < $ ihe same , andendeavour to dissuade him from the advocacy of the injurious system . AlthtraghvEir , I heartily believe vou to "be a friend

      tomanfeiBd , I am as heartily convinced that the sentiments you are ? , and the . policy yon advocate , in an article on property , which first appeared in io . . P&a-&j ^ c , sfidthen in the JVctp Motm . World , would , if eeneraHyjBdopted , vTOt > dnOT effects most inimical to thewerare of aB those persons who do n » t inherit created'feipkal . : These persons form the majority of every population j and as any one may chance to become one-of them , I think I am justified in addreasing too , - and -fiia * this trespass on your notice cannot be considered an iatnsaon .

      That we may not appear to dispute about a trifle , let ns slate the conclusion at which you arrive , from premises put forth in the article in question . "That afl persons" who do not inherit created capital , have only one right from society , viz ., a right to labour . " ^ This is rather -an indefinite statement , and at first _ sight carries with it mi appearance of truth ; for it is cot only the right , bat the duty , of every man to labour for bis living . But you proceed to define -what the right to labour is , and 1 find thjit you mean thereby , " as comfortable a subsistence for a given amount of labour , as could have been procured by : the same amount of labour in a savage stare . ' - -When I consider that in the s&vage state asraii-eaaoaat of labour has frequently been insuf-Sdcr . t to-procure for the savage any subsistence T ? hu . ' ¦ jfvrben I coupler thaiit was xo nnosual ¦

      , thUx ^ savs-es to perhk of hunger ; that , take it ai the I = _ v ilieir sebs ^ ence was nbout as comfortable z- _ .: sms , ' chance . s ^ aiae , and mud huts could xendc- : - .- . 3 Siaithis is the tea siata cf life ^ liich * ks r ^^ : . h-rhurs of croateJ « spital have a right to expeetj i am most certainly jnstified in demurring to tho irjub . of a proposition , ihe nckaojrledgment of whirir worOd i » iapel a Tusjority of iay brethren to be content Tfifh . possible storatioa and certain povertyjvTJowdo you arrive at this conclusion ; one for whiea -every oone-grindliijr manufacturer will devoutly / thank yea , and ths enforcement of -which , Kngulat Jfeo -say , employed a long article , about a week ago , in one of our Tory journals , the J / ornino Herald * -, It-will be advisable to examine the -whole

      argument ... -. - ; -.. You , first of all ,: ivith inimitable skill , lay down this pih&ciplfe ; * The « aria is common property ; that fee usufirpet thereof is the undoubted right of the whole hflmaajspecies . " : - You ,- ^ secondly , affirm that " as the creator of « tbjBg hasan . imprescriptible right to possess thaiithing . ats private property , those persons who liaverLvfet fOized the earth have a right * o the—possession of- that created fertility . ' Bat you . oiseovjer that : they cannot possess this created fcriiliw unless they appropriate the soil in ¦ wh ich the . fertility is wrought .. Hotz if thev nsurp the soil , they job the public of . its natural right toihe whole Jiand ^ if _ ihe public retain its righs of the -sAoieiaBd , tiSo . cuMvator 3 are robbed of the £ ertflity-which they have crated . - ; Here ,: then , ire fiad twopartiea having conflicttine interests : they are- at variance -with each other .

      and your ^ ropose an amicable settlement . Your plan is -to satisfy these apparently contradictory lights . . "WhatisXhe pianl Thai ' those-who have crested -3 fertility in the soil , shall abstract the SertUized soil iron . ihe possessor of the p ^ ilic , and appropriaie is to themselves as private propertv . 03 iey -vrijl then be able to enjoy the produce of that Trhieh tlisy create ^—fertility : they vrill then possess their ri ^ a . The pnbliewMch has thus lost us properir , iss toreceive an equivalent for the same , to be paid by ; ihe . persons ¦ wie ha-re csnrped the public temtoryj it -wiU then be as wealthy as it was prior to the exchange , and maybe said ( if it receive a justTetusra for what it surrenders ) to retain ail its rights . -Thus , you would do justice io both parties , its public , and die individual . The equivalent yon oSsr &epaWic is " aa comfortable a sabsistence ' fbr a given . amount of latour as eeald hate been procured by ik ame labour in the primal savaee Btata !!! * -

      I entirely deny that anyindividuaLbecause he may have cslcvaied " the earth , is entitled to the excl-isve beu ^ Sts re = ultaiK from his cultivation . I ? ay fejs by tTsj of esssion . that yon may not suppose , thai In the ioiiovring argument , I admit die rilrht - * f private property . I return , io consider the fairness of the equivalent good proposed , momently allowing , for argsment-a « ake , theTUEtces 3 of the claim set up by these supposed cultivators . And I confess , that while 1 read , I can scarcely believe the evidence of mj senses . " Wdnda ^ ye philosophers , -who haye . 4 e ? oted your lives to a »^< Hscovcry-aBd computation of the rishes of our earth , and who have attempted to describe the -same in immoral poetryr—wonder , while ve

      hear tha | . the worth of the inheritanee of our glorious planet is "as comfortable a subsistence for a given amount of labour , as ; eonldV have been proeirred 3 rpiSe saiae amoimt ofIa 3 > onr "in fhe -primal savage slate ! 11 " This i 3 indeed abartering of Christ for thirty pieces of silver , —a surrender of a birthright for a mess of pottage . "What is it we ^ arc-called upon -to concede , and what do we Tecdve in exchange ? W « give up our title to the nsufnieM »? a ~ world , whose cafabiMties -of- improveanent are nnlinittedj -who contains within herself ihe seeds of generation ; whose productions may be mul-^ pEed a ^ iousand fold : we are to surrender all claim to the bounty of this cornucopia , ourselves and trarchildren- 'for ever : we are to receive in retnrn a

      paltry pittance , an unincreasing salary ; You positively proffer us , as payment for our share of a capital which doubles itidf every year , and -svfcich therefore is fiteraHy invamable , a mifoian -sum , the amount of which is to he the sams in value as our portion of Ae increasing capital was before it began to increase itselt You take away the sola , whose -raise cannot be told , because it is infinitely improvabls ; and yon lecompen ^ us -wiiii-a periodical payment of the fruit which it prjadiicedin its nnimpro ved state . 3 * 0 , bo , let ns Jetain tho soil ; we will cultivate it , and inherit both plenty and luxury . You "would take-away-wB * -tea jive Eheep , -irhieh wonM double thpzasdves « very -s « ison , aad you give us ten dead carcasses annually . And tub vou term an equivalenii -- .

      --.-_ LaheptSng the earrh , -ire should en joy a progressive existence ; ocr happiness would increase , as cultivafioa developed new and-enlarged benefits therefrom . 3 Jui , _ a 3 labourerB , organised by Governmant or by a portion of socifity , we should remain ever £ xea in the same condition . And in what condition ? JL state' -of- savagism . T most wiHingly exculpate you , sb , from desiring or intending such a catastrophe ; it is evident , £ rc 3 » She very paper before me , that you design no such thing . IJat it is also as evident , that the justification of the consignment of "working men to this degradation , is logically dednclble from theprindpie ^ ou lay down , and no doubt would be deduced by interested parties . It is here , sir , that the injustice of vour nrooosed

      equivalent appears most-glaring . Gire us onr rigiit to the soil , and we progress ; give us only a right to aavage existence , aad -pre bw&me savages for ever , ( physically speaiingO It is in proSering thi 3 improgressive existence , that you ( I believe unintentionally ) most insult that majesty wMclr inheres in the productive classes ; irho are , withoutexception , non-inheritors of created capital : 3 _ s ^ jesty- ? rMch readers the bard band of- a peasant of ien " mcri glorious than an . onistretched BCeptrei whieh ^ crowns the forehead of the mechanic Trim a _ lustre before which coronete darken . - ;_ ~ -I _ ihink . I have sufficiently shown-that , snpposing

      individuals had right to private -possession -of laud , on payment to the p ^> lic « f an eqpxrsleiit for 2 ie same , the retnra- toq propose is not a thousandth part of ai * equrralentpajid that ere your individuals , nsnrp ibi . * hind the ^ must , be ready with a very different kind of recompense , thaiv a guarantee for savage existence . " . I shall now ^ enSeavour to prove , that no in dividual eanever acquire aaiy light to pnrate property ; and that , therefore , Ihe people ought not to be expected to surrender aught of tiie common territory , even though aa eqinvaleat be offered . I will . iere acknowledge the correctness of the principle J of the right of property which you also

      -Everj individual -possesses , legitimately , ihe iftpy which his labour , Mb intelligence , or which his acfivir ? , has -created . ' At the same time , I would call to mind , that ( as you yoarstff-state it ) " the earth is the eommon property of the species , " It follows , that every atom of matter in our globe is public propertv Show me a man who has : created one atom of matter , who has brought to our earth one partfele of soiKtaace , that did not reside in it , previous to his creation ef itj . lit may Sare been Bnengendered . an ? lie may have , been one of the causes of generation ) i win surraBafir atom

      ana max to him , for his private property , * ibrit is his creation . . The act is , no man hath evei yet created anything « nd therefoie while I admit the self-evident proposition , that what a man creates must be" Ms own , I , at the game time affirm , that as no one hath ever created any thipg , up one haft any right to possess , as private property , any oae thing . To create a dnng , aM ® inhere any attribute , Or developer quality , oraBfe ^ componnd , are vastl different « ete . -TlwiisnQeri&ifed wonld confer title to property , hut the latt& ^ aSis would do nothing « rf ;« iekind . > " ^ r-- - ..

      -ThB matser . ofour earth is ( so you say ) the pioper tyjof ^ inankmd ; how , then , liose persons , who meddle wrgi what ^ does mi belong to them , as indi-^ dualsj-cmfmcy that their meddling gives them a right * o appropriate I cannot in thV least perceive . - xtm mav-T ^ r , ftej ^ don ^ wish to appropriate n ^ tte ^^ Btt ^ y wish to appropriate the fertility ihey laTOtas ysfftermit ) created . But fertility is amodeof matterj »» d to talk oT posseting a mode , TfifiiouJ , at tk « sams tim » wu snbsfaJuTof whi «

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      it is the mode , is to talk of possessing Boihin » . Jour feriilizsra might possibly be ^ eniifled -to thfitt ferfinty , only let them take no matter , no substance away .-- > - ~ - ~ ¦'" -- - ' - ' - : ¦ ¦ - ^ " ' - - ' ¦ ¦¦ -,- ' ° - ¦ - -: ' \ '¦¦ : . - - Wien * savage BeparateS ftom his tribe , aud cultivates a portion of thefe ^ cdmmon country : he mustr be iulty aware that he " cbmrnite a irespasBi"no matter whe&eritMfc beneficial-or " -not , it is still a taespaK , for he eridoses tli « ground ] " and excludes free passage . He must o ~ e aware that hirhasno right ^ ras to make it private property ; and exclude ofliers from its usufrnet . - -- ' ¦ " -- ¦ -

      " it . " ^ PP 5 ° extreme ^ case : ^ -We wjll take the island of GnernseyV and it shall iepebpied by « hundred savages ; one of them sSall enclose a portion thereof with fences ; "he shall change the swamp into a nch field of grass or wheats The ninetyi niiil f ^ ges remaining diall come to him and- sav—_ l > own wiSf your ftnees , wewanfr the usufrucfof Suw ^ V !? ^^ reDly- "Qh , but I have cuitrratedit ; here « e cornfields , olives , &x . &C .: iha ^ eptodocediheni all ; this iB my property . " The nmety-moe savages would reply- ^ " We don't want what yon have created , this increased fertility ; &c . < fcc &c . If you choose , reduce the land of your farm " to . its original state ; ungenerate the fruit and grasses ; but have it we must ;' you are an usurper ; youwant to establish private property . " According to your theory , the former should say . " I will give you as much for my farm as you would have obtained irom the hvnd in its savage state , and I will pay this value regularly . " .

      The savages would answer— " In the first place , ypuTiever can give us any equivalent :, and , in the second place , we do not choose to give up onr property , because we do not choose , and that is enough lor you . Ketnrn us the land as you found it , if you like ; bht be quick abont it ; you have no right to keep us waiting one minute . " The cultivation of the soil can never afford an individual right to its appropriation , nor even to the appropriation of the increased produce which such culiivation produces ; for the public would say "in cnlnvatr onl

      --g . you y prevented us from doing that , wcich we should doubtlessly have done . " So there ran be no kind of right to any private property ion mention tools , as a legitimate article of private appropriation , and affirm that the creation of took make them tue creator's property . , The discussion , as to the right or wrong of an mdividuars posseEsion of a tool or two , may appear at hrst Eight trifling . The abstraction of a single implement 13 , m itself not worth speaking about but the conclusions deducible from its permission , wonld be dangerous in the extreme .

      If the fashioning of ono tool be suflicieatto make it mine , the fashioning ofa thousand would be ; and suppose I could manage to make all the iron of a country into tools , then all the iron would be mine , and Imxght , if it pleased me , fling it into the sea .. I repeat what 1 have stated before , that with respest to all substance , tools , soil , or what not , it never can become private property ; for as no person ever created one atom of- substance , no person can ^ ver claim one atom exclusively for himself . This is the logical inference from the very principle of the right of property , which you admit . ' To alter the appearance of a thing by analysis , or composition , is not to oreate a thing . They who thus alter the modes of things , know that they act upon the property of the community , and are impertiarat if they expect them to bo given up—unjust if they usurp tiic-rn . j r

      As this is a subject of not vary general debate I will venture to enlarge , even though I may appear guilty of tautology . I understa nd you to say diaimctlY . / that cnliivaiion gives no title to fho cultivated sou , bat to the extra value which such culti vation gives the soil : you merely advise the possesson of land for private property , as expedient . Now brr , I admit , that if an individual inhere a quality into our matter , entirely by himself , he may haVe a right to claim that quality as his own—to take it aira- , if it be possible , or to cancel it . But to say tuai whea a man finds that the quality he has prouuccdin our matter is indestructible , and cannot be caaceLed—that it is inseparable , and cannot be abstracted—to say that , under these circumstances , he has a right to demand from as the value of the ^ na-Jity he may have produced in our property is entirely

      If a company of men possess horses , and one of tho company , dissatisfied with their pacings , train them to better action , do you think it jnst that he should uemoiid , from ^ the company , payment for the increased valne thus given to their horses ? Certeinly not . If- a ma : imprors my horse , and find that he vacnot engross to himself the valne of such improvement , hsi can have no right to demand of me a recompense , lie wa « never asked or hired to do it . 'Twa * theact of his free choice . You affirm the contrary , bet atUmot not tlie

      proo £ , You consider that the improvers of our earth have a right to demand of us" some value equal to th » value of the improvement they have effected in our property . You think they cannot be recompensed better than by a conditionatinheritance of our property . This belief has led jon to suggest a- plan for the organization of hOjonr , in order that society may be enabled , by the additional wealth it will thus acquire , to afford the Ios 3 of its genaal land , without starring , or impelling to theft , the majority of its members . " - - .

      BntI repeat again , the claims to recompense , putlorth by the improvers of-our earth / are quite unfounded ; they gave their improvement gratuitously—they daly anticipate us , and have no more right to demand payment than aiair-dresser would have , who Bhoulu , of his own accord , dress a person ' s hair . This appears to me so evident , as not to admit of the least debate . The last conclusion , then , at which we arrive , is that as no indhodual can have any legitimate claim upon a pubUo , for any private wealth , for any unequal share of the common property , not oniy the pian-n-hichyonprppose , but . aBy other plan which migfit . be suggested for the Kitisfaction of these unreasonable laimants , would be both unjust and unnecessary-. . 1 have all along taken for granted , that the improvement effected or the attributes developed , are

      capable of being produced b y an individual , i > . that the individual is the sole , and entire , and unassisted cultivator . This , gir , I now take the liberty of denying in toto . It this be true—the conseauence is , that even supposing cultivators of our earth were entitled to the private possession of the increased vaiue thns given to our property ( which as I have shown is by no means the case ) yet , that as no cultivation can ev « r have been effected by an individual the inereased value can never be , fairly awarded to an individual . And if I can show yet further , that -tne improvement which short-sighted persons refer to an individual actor , is . in fact , the very act of the general onimnnity , of whom the individual is but the agent , I here again overthrow all title , which an individual may usurp -to the value of the improvement of what he has been merely a

      producing means . No individual can ever so isolate himself ; so escape the influence of his fellow-man , ( unless , indeed , Be became a wild man , like the boy , Peter , found in the Bohemian forests , ) as to be considered the sole causa of any one action that he may perform . Society fojTns ^ the man ' s character ; society causes the man's actions ; society , and' not the man , ought to inherit ihe consequences resulting from his character , whether they be hurtful or good . Sir Humphrey Davy created not the safety lamp ; society created it through him a 3 a medium . She furnished him with the requisite knowledge ; her applause was to him the requisite inspiration ; he -vrasiut the agent ; she was the creator ; and to her should appertain the benefit . Had Sir Humphrey fceea born on the island of Juan Fernandez ,, where would nave been the safety lamp !

      Tap same with literary productions ; men may transcribe , but society dictates . Nay , not only doea she dictate what is to be written , but she furnishes the means for writing . Who wrote the Revolt of Islam ! Hot Shelley ! 'Tis the mighty utterance of a society , whose eyes have just opened to the glory of truth , and she made him her priest . He was but the lute ; she the power of music : be was but the prophet ; she was the " God . We find men ready enough to refer all their bad deeds to the parentage of society . They call themselves victims ; and they say it is but just , { speaking of their own hurtful deeds , ) that society should reap what she has sown . And they judge justly . But , in the name of common honesty , let them also refer their good deeds , their discoveries , their cultivations , to the . parentage of society ; let her enjoy the benefit in this case , as she suffers * the injury in the other . If in the former instance you are victims , in the latter are you not children ! - :

      I shall say no more : the idea of any action being entirely tha action of a single individual is a mere phantasm , " an unfounded notion , a falsity ; consequently , no individual can claim entirely for himself the effect - of any action , -whether it be applause or disgrace , wealih , or deprivation . He can neither be the subject of private punishment , nor the inheritor of private property . In conclusion , Sir , I recapitulate . Your plan is unjust , because it would take public property , to satisfy unfounded claims of private property . The claims ara unfounded , because— ' ¦ - " .:-First ; no ' person ever has treated one particle of matter ; and , therefore , cannot Claim to possess one particle , all matter being originally the property of tojaikmd . ¦

      i ,, Secondly—No person ever ha * created , by himself , the least improvement in the earth , or increased the value thereof ; every individual being in character the creation of society , the deeds -trbich spring from hi 3 haracter are , in truth , the deeds of "society .. . j . - ^ ^^^ J—^ en suppose it were possible for an individual to be the sole author of all his actions , and therefore , of some particular aet which should educe increased production from the earth , yet snch act could give him ho right to the appropriation of the increased production , because the substance of that increased production is not Ms own . AHow me , Sir , just to aaj that 1 beliave your profwsioce » f reeard fcr tke waMan » f mankind t »

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      teas sincere as they arerioWe ' f Wffl t 4 refund J ^ S uiat when I shew -thedirect effects to be produced by fte pra « tice ; of ; y pni pkn , I entirely exculpate ypnirom an tofetestefl iw ^ pi' 0 ' ] Mto , 6 T Matt to"Vie vcf ^ .: <^^ 6 tbropfflriy-lold ^ B , Ibeueve thai ^ you raiaHava sBme BAexpjrfissed reason for supposin ^ that ^« jBhttld produce ^ fieits '' mfi ereiit fro ^^ os ^^ eoniil ^ toch , experieiace feularesio i > e likely . You ^ ropesa : il t » produce fiatmony : at the very outset it ^ ould cause contention . Wh ^ d is to decide the / nature : # »; savage ¦ existence , ' aa < l who is to determine ^ wliich ' of the many aegrees ^ of Bavageism is to be " assignea iho non-inherltora of createdcapital 1 TheprppertyHmen , who wouiabe tho employers of ^ , bonr , might sKut their ears to Jhe cry of starvatipii i and say , % " SaVages . Btanria "—to

      petitions for the comforts of life , and Bay ; " SajFages havenone . " ' . There would be endlessi' - strife , hetw ^ n the organisers ' of laoour and the organised labourers : and ther&can be lHtle doubt that all the advahfage derived from organisation would be usurped by tne organiser , as it 'is ; now . AfteT a little while , labourers would begin to perceive that " a right to labour" is no equivalent for ^ ie loss of inheritance of the land . Society wouldhe just where it isnownot advanced one jot . You make a great mistake if you suppose that -all which' the working classes demand is labour and animal existence . They cry out for general progression . 1 and you must proffer some other plan than one whioh bends them down forever toa /' savase" state of lif « . am ^ nri will

      calm their rage . Stifle their cry you may for a time —destroy their appetite you cannot . Humanity may baptise herself with blood , the heir of progression , and , upon the altar of war , swear- that she will march onward ; and , though it bo sad to aee her sweet face covered with gore ; and darkened with rage , yet , if her peaceful progression be jesisted , so ltmustbe . . - Your plan would perpetuate the existence of caste ; employer and employed , " workman imd gentleman . The employer ' s interest i « diametrically opposite to that oi the employed , and" here iB a fund of strife . Gksntleman ( I use the word in its vulgar meaning ) never sympathises SHth laboo ? jar . " 'Here is a preventive of benevolence : I Iknow of no plan that will ' enable a whole population to j > r « # ress , save that of co-operation . . ¦ ;¦';¦ : i \ Your plan would totally fail . It ^ fwraded on in justice ^ and . an ~ unjust domestic po 5 w | is always

      mexpeoient . it may be sootning music to kings , whose thrones are tottering ; to public plunderers who tremble for the end ; but it is not music to the car of humanity , sick with the sound « f wae , and pining for the melody of truth . ^ . . ) :- - . ; You conclude your paper by Baying that ^ uy- attempt at the abolition of private property would produce the most terrible strife . ' , V I need not remind you that Socialists employ only the weapons of persuasion ; that they wbnld not forcibly deprive individuals of their petty properties , " bnt Avin them to exchange for a noble community ; that so far from propelling society to an inclined pJa » e , bottomed b y a fathomless abyss , they welcome them to an inheritance of lands flowing with milk and honey . Convinced ^ that as you are a well-wisher to man , you can take no offence at an intrusibn dictated by a benevolent love for the same magnificent being , ¦ . _ I remain , ; ' Your most obedient servant , _ _ " Ebejj Jones . London , September 10 th , 1830 . .

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      TO THE EDITORS OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Gentlemen , —If it wonld not be occupy ing too much of your invaluable space , pray give insertion to the following observations , , which , if acted upon will be of considerable service in tho bringing out of the Southern Star . - Yours very faithfully , John Duncak .

      TO THE RADICALS IN GENERAL AND NEWS AGENTS IN PA 11 TICULAR . Friends , —I have been actively engaged in the Radical ranks .-for the last three years , ever since that untiring patriot Mr . Feargus O'Connor , established the Raoicid- 'Association in Edinburgh , ; and having been ^ Sttywell buffi ^ teidi ¦ zksvo . individual , b y the Whig ^ . aftffiE&r y p 3 ^ s ; I '" find , by experience , that the iMbxp | s . of fSfe Radicals generally , have often been ^ ftSSeife'H furaeysolely by the bitter opposition of ^ hostile pres 87 ;/ " ~' To me it is very plain , that the press is the most powerful engine that can be " , employed in the advancement of any cause / andfP is -matter-of gratification totoowthat the alave % !{ Srarenpwl ) ecomuig mio xrniirit in truu iuo

      " »«« w iuipunaas . njai unfranchised are a moneytesfila ^ s . Hence their may bility > o talte advaBtage ^ li ^^ ltpqwerful weapon , to the" extent that is ' necessar * for thlp speedy crying out of those glorious principles of political equfcr ' lity for which they have been so long contend ^^ That : the people of . thia" country' hava often iesfierted tlieir right io the eleclise franchise iar true ; thatheretofore their demonstrations in favourof tllfc rights of man , have only been sueered" and scoffed at by theTnling class , is also true ; but neither can it be denied , that never'before in tha history of our country , did the cause of the people occupy that commanding position ,-which it now' does ; and the reason is obvious . In all former struggles of the oppressed against the oppressors , the whole press combined were arrayed against the / former , and in

      support of the lattery but now htfar it Whiga , —Xories—tyrants , hear it 1—the " people are npl now so circumstaBced . I ? o , they have a Northern Star , illuminating the political horizon , and sheddine the bright rays of . comfort and of hope info theljosoms of the oppressedAhear it Whigs—Tories —tyrants , hear it J We have a Northern Ijbera ' lory week after week , sending forth its-well , aimed arrows at the demon Oppression , with many others activel y engaged ia the good work ; -and what , is more ofteenng than all , is , that ' . the people themselves appreciate the services of their true friends . It is certainly to be lamented , that the cause of the people i 3 still without the aid of a daily paper ; but it is to be hoped that even that vacuum will not be long in being filled up . In the meautime'it cerr tainly is the duty of all good Radicals to render all the support in their power to those : papers already in their interest .

      Brethren in the cause of liberty ! our cause js now about to be strengthened auu supported by another weekly piper , the Southern Star > which fs to be edited by the honest ; unconquerable Bronterrc . Rally then Radicals—rally to hiB support—enable : him to bring out the Southern Sicir immediately . We cannot , afford to be ¦ without the advice and assistance of O'Brien ; which we cann-, i 3 : ave to the extent required , unless he is provided with an organ to communicate that advice . Bronterre is voiy poor , ( as far as I can learn , ) but that his talents are incomparable we all know . We are also aware that the present mean , base , shabby Government , have two prosecutions now hanging over his head—fthat he will "be . found guilty is also pTetty certaui . Who can doubt it , when they lookrat

      the hurried manner in which the juries retiirned ther verdicts in the late Government trials ? Indeed , they seemed impatient to thrust these noble patriots into a dungeon ,-because they dared to . lift their voices against oppression . 1 know that the noble , unbending Bronterre will fighb the tyi-auts to the last . I know that that' stern patriot mult ! pine in a dungeon , and his family sta rve ¦ nithont ^ - yet would he never brook the idea of appealing to the people for support ; ^ therefore , it is ' that I have ventured to appear before thepublie at piceEent , and offer a few suggegtioiis for their consideration . I would propose that'all news agents , bothin Scotland England , and Wales , -should exert .. thcmselyea , as much as possible to obtain subscribers for-the 5 ««/ A

      ernStar , and that they should do so free of oharge for the first three months . One panny 13 generafl y allowed to agents for every paper that th « y sell ; what I would have them to do , is , that they should remit tme full price of the paper to the . proprietor , vrithout deducting any centage for agency whatever , and in all places where agents will uot do so , then I would propose that the Committees of the Radical Associations , " should act as agents for the Southern Star , on theplan above proposed . Suppose that only 1000 copies of the Southern Slar warti to circulate weekly tnrough agents , for the first three months Well , here would be 1000 pence , or £ 4 3 s . 4 d . weekly into the funds of the Southern Star . £ 4 3 s . 4 i

      , divided among 3 t , say a hundred agents , would be a very small sum to each , whereas , that sum' weekly going into tho funds of the SoiUHsrn Star , would help very materially to establisit au organ which would carry on an incersaut vrajfare against despotism , ¦ with the chain and grapa-shot , from the . artiUery already in the field , and the Bpherical case shot from the Southern Star ^ directed by Bronterre . The monied dunderheads , who at present hold possession of the good ship Britannia , would speedily T > e compelled to yield her up to ker ri g htful owners , the people ; then will poverty b » looted upon as a misfortune and hot as a crime , then virtue will be rewarded and vice punished . Hoping that the above will be produvtire of some good . ' ¦ ¦ j beg to subscribe myself , ' .- ¦' . A News Agewt .

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      TO THE EDrrOBS OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Gentlemen , —If- the following account find its way to the people through your -widely circulated paper , it very prol-ably may he news to some who read it , and y ou will oblige the writer , who is a constant subscriber to it . . ; ; ; - : ; V ¦ ' : ON-THE MIDDLE CLASSES . As society is now formed in Great Britain , we have three classes of" persons besides those that aro entire paupers ; namely , first , the nobility anc gentry ; second , traders , merchants , and professional persois ; and third , the workinr lasses ; the latter

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      y ^ KllfdW $ ieni ? ranked ifciti ^ TweJiinst allow . t © . b ©^ - iB ^ mm wjfty $ . ^ M ; ine ^ r ^ . tf iher ^ middle ^^ w ^^!^^ KM flf ^ yeats Of hia titoe , wmjaot ' Will ' tb be fold h , o ^ : greatly the , re | a , tion > between tliese > rders has been / ctotnired ; arid IiOTW remote from ;« ach other they are beebme- ^ the o « iaequeiic& of-rwhich ; is ' Mstruafc suspidionl' and &sepntentraad ttoeie to not : that eympathy tKat ftjmerlyausted ^ akween the ^ master " and servant . The ioriner ^ fiada ihe Uajtter remiss itt bis ; duty , meaeuring ou fr hisVservibes i ( H jtliQ most scrttbulotas and scanty mannwrand he , in reiurni ; treats ; such services with , lndiperence and . disrespect . Thus

      , there is a sort of silent * nmifcr ) tetween theni , ibstead of a mutual cordiality that' ought to unite them , for their mutual mtdrest / But the mos ^ oumstance ia , thit , ^ we daily see numbers of the middle classes felling . into the ^ lower , ^ and the'lower into abjectjpoy 5 rty , descending , by gradual decHnei into dependence or pauperisin 5 ^ ^ whereas , little more than half a century ago , persoris in trade and business wereon the asoiending scale , and many of them rose to . opulence ; l > y ; the induBtry of a few- years . And whence is this lamentablo change " -. of circumstances 1 ! .. To that-l ^ ^ shall advert ^^ jprfjsently ; but first let me ^ remark onthe condition or the coiiutary peonle . the yeoman , and Farmers . ' : ¦

      A ^ hort . period of large profit , from h ^ H prices of produce , raised many to opulence , and opulence introdnced pnde ^ and luxury among them ; their sons and daughters became ambitious of refinement and distinction ; the husbandry of the fields committed to bailiffs or overlookers ' , aiid the dairy to a deputy to manage ; the long oakejav board s at . one end of which , m good old times , sat-the mistress , at the pther end the master , while the rustic meal was served up , now ^ haa around it only ^ the hindrthe plough-boys , and labourers , who felt their inforioritv aespisedby the retirement of thofamily to a carpeted . parlour , instead of : cdmoosinff with aW

      one , generar famil yi as was formerly tho case ; A decline of profits , and ^ u ' manyinstances i an advance ° i ' * ??*> «* £ "spoverished those farmers ; and , instead of iaJungVback into their former system of simplicityMat indnsiry , they become the victims of their oyrayudulgwrce and folly . : ThW want of economy and seH-denial is : ai evil that pervades the management of trade and busiuesa in general , as well as the agricultural department ; and many shopkeepers and manufactui ' ers set out in business with as much pomp and show aa if they were alrea , dy iadepenaonti ; and ; consequently ; soon get lavolvediu dimcuUieg , trani whiohnothing but bankruptcy cau extricate them . ° i

      Formerly sincerity iud industry would gain a man credit with" dealers , because there was no deception nor concealment ; bu't ^ at . the present time deceit and circiunyentioa are so common , that confidence is destroyed , and credit so -greatly curtailed that withoiiia cousiderabie oapHaFit ; is hardly possible for industry to succeodr aid so . muohputward display and general n ) anteuvering iH being oxorcised , falling little short of swindling , that a really honest and good-intentioned man can scaroely avoid being duped put of what really ia his own property . Another great : evil , to ; the-middle classes , is a spirit of monopoly , and jthe facUity \ : OaA dishonoat poraons nnd ot turning a stock of goods iuto retedy money , by sacrificing ; thechattels of ' their creditors- to , some great monopolists , who , havingpurchased'thefraudu

      lentlydisposedofeffects , retails then > tol ~ the public at Ies 3 than prime cost , to the ruin of the fair-trader and of tho cheated mamifactuier , w h > W iBig&ftune it was to supply the goods on credit to tlie : designing or Dxtravagaut trader . VTbcre are many who will open fine shops , lay iu a stock of goods on credit , and then commence living iii a style far beyona what the fair profits of trade can sustain : * nay , oftei the very rent and taxes ot thei ? gorgtibufei piomisos reach ^ if not « xgeed , -ihe wliblo gain of their trade ; and such . is tlie weiglit of thp' burden of taxation , and unreasouable rents , in cbnsequeiice of a wild ineautious cbmpetitidh for such , el . egaut establishments , that the utmost i ' rugiaiity and , circuni 3 p 8 ction are put to the extremo atretph . of oxertion to maintain them .. '¦ ' . ' . "¦ ¦ - ¦ .- ¦ ' . " ¦ . ' . ' • ' - ' . . ¦ . ¦¦¦ ¦ ¦ - . ' ¦¦ ¦ ¦/¦ . ¦ ¦ - ¦¦ .:

      Taxation ifl , indet ; d , a tremqhdous incubus on the shopkeeper and traiiiiv ; and , in tiiis respect , t& middle classes sustain aearly the whoTeweight ofthe cumbrous edifice of tliO-Stock ' i 2 xcKdngef or the public lands , like thib groins iand arches on wliich a fabrio stands , whUo its portico , and pillars of CoriBtbian architecture , project forward , useless aa to it % support , aii'd . «' uly to tne eye a tasteful ornament . You will see , Gentlomon , that I have ^ at the commencament of this i letter , spoko to which of the several classes in society are the most useful ; and should , youapprorooi this , so- ; far as to send it forth to the . public i ; I sliall in iny next succeeding this ifapw , what . the miiidio elajses : really arej and what they ought to be as connected with \ vhat is comj n < jiriy culled the lower clasijea . ¦ . Thoreforej : t hope 3 ^ 00 will let it c < pne forth td tJW > % orld , it may at Jirst Bight Sppeatj , not jkovbe fraught ' witli much good matter ; but After a due consideration of what will ibllow , I say it will b 6 n ^ s ^ tofsdmfl ; ; : ; S ^ " j . ! . '¦;; ' : '¦ : ¦ - ' , ; .- ; . yours mpst ' : rbspe ; & ^ ; ; A ^ anstanVSuij ^ ibdr , . y . ---, ¦ - ¦ ; ¦¦• "¦¦^ ' ~~ "' ¦ '¦ "'¦¦' . ¦ ' ; ¦ ¦¦'¦• J . AuBtKR . ¦ Dated Ambler-Thorn , 5 th of August , 183 S . y ,

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      '"¦ ¦ ' ¦ ¦ . - ' ¦ 'V - ~ . - . ¦ : ' ¦ ¦ ' ( ., " - ' - ¦ . " -. - : . ' . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦' . ' BANKRUPTS ANJ > IMPRISONMENT . TO THE ID 1 T 0 ES OF TIIE NOMUEBJI STAB . Gentlemk ^— It ap pears by the returns printed by order of tho House of Commons that the number of fiats in baiikruptcy issued from January 11 th , 1838 , to January 11 th , 18 S 9 , amounted to 1087 , tiamely , London , 306 , country , 781 ^ tho highest country fiats were those of Manchestori # 2 , Birmingnam , 64 ^ Liverpopl , 44 i Leeds , 32 ; Tho number of commitments and recommitments of thpseunfoi-tuhate beings are not mentioned ^ but ' sufilcti it to say , there are' one set of Commissioners in a certaifi district of the West-Riding of Yprkshire , ( not Leeds ) who I believe havo exercised tftat despotic power from Feb

      1 st , lBoV , to -jr ; ep . inclusive , 1839 ; during that time , more than half tho Commissioners in Euglarid ; they have committed and recommitted about : bighteeu times during ^ the abovo time alluded to . They have sent the poor creatures to prison { York Castlo ; to speud their time iu idleness > in misery \ aiid wantj their familiea and friends bemoaning tho 6 ad bereavement of husbands , fathers , and frfondB , for an unlimited time . Two poor miserable beinga are at present under the inquisitorial rack of thbsb gcmlemen ; the ono has been two years and eight months , and the other two years arid near live months , and know ^ not when-. 'tUoy may be liberated irom the trammels of ; iricarceraiion , ; as every obstacle ia thrown in the way by the porsecutinc party .: '" . ¦ :. - ¦ ' - . - '¦ - : ¦ ¦' ; . ¦ ' - ¦ -. ¦' . " - '

      Every feeling and synipatlysihg individual muit agree with moj and contend that it is a dangerous practice to allow any comniissioriers or set of commissioners to send any inaiyidual to prison up 6 n mere imputation , and there to remain until ho has the good luck to get out by payieg of money under circumstances little better than extortion—by some technical informality-r-or by making a woli-inanaged accounti ^ rv ; ; When we come to reflect pa the extent of incarceration which has been inflicted , the Working of the present systemj b y unliinited imprisbninent , - 'de * struotion of ; health , themselves and families , ' bringing the same to poverty , destitution , ar id disgrace , and sometimes , hot untreqUeutlyj either the poor individual or : individuals i or sbmo part of their , amihes have been carried away to their long home in consequence of theheart-rending grief and trpu , ) lo occasioned by such treatment . ' ¦ ' : ' ¦'

      The worlring of bahkruptcyi according to -tW present system , requires a material alteratlp 6 in JaanyrespectsJ If jt person have done wrong ^ let lim be brought before a judge and'jury of his coiifli tryt / Who wiTl reward the punishment accordingly , and the poor fellow knows Tub dbbm . For the 1 present practice of sending men to prison , for assumed bffehoej , ( alleged by an hostile euemy . or enesmieB ) unlimited impr isonment is cruel , tyrannical , and unjustjand not to be tolerated ^ in all e nlightened and free country . An individual brought up before those men observes ^ around him w stern set of men who are his pers »» utors , his judges , and hia

      ury—examining , browbeating , and threatening him to . durance ... vile , because his answers do not suit their purpose , and he is committed to prisbny here to remain without bail , until ha can obtain us liberation ; either b y paying some money or informality in his tomniitinent , vvhich cannot be obtained without applying at : a great expease ( to the riends of the prisoners ) to the Court of Queen's Bench j to judgeg' chanibersi or to some higher court m London . ; : ; ; ;; Such » e the general practices of (^ mmissioners they are too apt to favour the feeUuga of viudictivo creditors , spleenish and reyengeful ttssigneea ^ and promote the views . of : hungry and avaricious attorneys . " ' . •¦ - ^ " . ' -.: ¦"¦ .. : ¦ . '¦ : ' ¦ ¦ ¦¦• ¦¦ - ' ¦ - -- '¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦; :- : : . - y , ; : ¦ ::. x >* : zi

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      -.- Fibb and Robbebt . —On Friday last , thieves broke into the residence of Mr . Sahders / a Surgeon in Islington-row , ^; Birmingham . They drank a quaatity of winey « arried oft ^ some mone y , and set fire to the premises . They had packed up articles ready to be taken away , when they were disturbed and decamped . / ; ' . ¦ ' ; . ' ; Vr ¦; : ¦ : ' ¦ . ' j : ¦ ' ; , ¦ ¦• • - ; . v Stockton Volunteers . — -The great , noble , and magnanimous " Volunteer corps" of Stockton , estabushed A . p . lS 38 / tp put dovm ^ artisni by phyi sical force—niighty ajid inagnificent , ip ; their own estimation , have of lato created a great stir in the drillingydepartmeBtV The captain of that warlike band has actually condescended to address Lord Hill to drill the noble captain and his mighty troops ; his Lordship has complied with the noble captain ' s wishes ; The sergeant has arrived safe and sound , and by Neptune , the God of iher sea , he will make lever fellows of them all , If they don't make fools of themselves . ' ¦' : - ¦/¦ - / -- ' }' : '¦ ¦ ¦ :: ¦¦ ¦"¦ ¦ : ¦¦ . '

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      ; ; ! TO FEARQUS G ^ CONNORi ^ ESQ ;; EsTEEJiED Radicai ; FniENDj—We deem it to be oui ¦ imperative . d « ty , as well as our especial privilege , to teridor our warmest acknowledgements , bur most heartfelt gratitude , to the t bold , the : noblo , the patriotic advocates of a . nation ' s freedom and a nation a weal ; and most particularly do we fee ! that our sympathies are due , when for so advocating our rights they . become the . victims of oppression ; To you , Sir , are we ; in a great degree indebted for the iia 1 oi

      mg apiai ... lioerty , wnich 13 expanding in our breasts ,: that spirit which but a short time since appeared but as a speck in the political horizon of our country , but now exteads over . the Whole empire overshad ow ing with a glorious ; sadness the temples ° » despotism , ; but diifusing among the people that love of freedom , that sense of our preisent degraded position , that firm and determined resolve to wipe away the foul stain from our escutcheon , that enthusiastic ardour which leads us to exclaim with oneteart and ; one voice , "We must , wecau , wo will be free . " : '

      ^ To you , Sir , we are deeply indebted for the manifestation of thia determination—to you we are greatly , indebted for the political knowledge which lias called that determination into action . The despotic tyranny Under which we have been suffering has been of that oppressive nature , that we could not but he aware of its existencb ; but for the want , of that political instruction which you and pur other patriotic friends have been bo instrumental in diffusing , we should not have attained the knowledge of the nature of that oppression , and consequently havo been unable to have prescribed the remedy Our thanks , then , Sir , must be emiaently due to you for the ikiipwledge you have been the means of dissotanatnig , for your fearless , consistent / patriotic ; and ^ indefatigable advocacy ^ of the peopled rights ! and believe ; us when we say thiit ^ nothing - but death shall prevent us cpntinuine our exertions in t ; n » Knltr

      oaU ? ., ° Kipch we are attachedf-that we will never v '• ' ¦¦•' October Sth , 1839 .

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      AFFLICTING CONSEQUENCES OF

      : ¦ - /¦ . ¦ - ; . -. ¦ ¦ : ^ DRUNKENNESS . ; , ; - ^ , ' . ^ mport ant CASE .- ^^ t the Town-hall , Southwark ; Mr ,, Brooks , an extensive linen-draper , residing in HigMtreet , in the Borough , ; accompanied by Mr . « o \ vler , a 96 Iicitbr , recently attended before Sir Peter Laurie , to show cause why tho defendant refused to support hiswife . ; Upon the ^ summons being Sanded in , the coin ^ plamant and . her husband stood next to each other .-. -. ¦ ¦»>*• -Bowler—You will recollect , Sir Peter , that nr the ; : course of Ihureday the female who is now standing before you aDDliedfor vour ns-riotanno 4 a

      conipol her husbaiid , who is most extensively engaged ir . n ^ wf ! * rllew maiutenahce . Hinow appears ^ betore you , and is in a condition to prore accom ^^^ ' ¦ * & * ^ l ^ divbrcedfrom his ^ Ue on gll ? ;^ ing been : guilty of " . adultery ^ S £ ? ^ ^ ^ re of a rdiybrce : ^ aving SSfeS tJ ? ^ cal Cou rt , still shecomel « loa w .. huabaud and annoys him-in his busi-^?» y ^ ^ ri ¥ ^ hedecree - which MxiBroOks S ed from Doctors ' Commons , ( Here Mr . Brooks * S ^ fef ^ 8 T P ^ f 31 the worthy Alderman . ) : then \ wnST Ct 0 * complainant ) -You are &fE ^ K *' Wrings , and after what has Ia *" j Place I cannot interfere . ¦ ti . o » " ¦ Powler t 7- My client is anxious to go fully into Sv , l ^ * ? ^? pu ^ ° ^ ef convincing ^ ou and ^ e ? U Mt . ° - w - ? ° r ame ^^^ canb ttachod to m ^* — thWwS 1 ~ % * P » f « rt « natelythe ^^ husband of C , S T 1 * f jb ? tbein ^ L divorced by tho Ecclesiafitical ^ zssmmkM'iM land 5 besides , Iunderstand that the New Poor Law SSnf f ¥ * - * m H ^ Us . ^ ohridinhai lniuvidual , ^ incapable of maintaihinff Ttanif > -i ?^

      mconductJtis ; niposiiblofbf me ^ to ^ ctionhor , for she _ . haB repeatedly been-taken to Union-hall , ato $ not long smce to Hatton-garden , when Mr . Half , the magistrate , kindly ineerPered , oh her behalf , and wrote to her fa&orrespecting heiv ^ ' - * ^' . Sir Pot , er Laiirio ^ ri ^ colledt reading au account | n the Times of it . At ; the satoe ^ time , i ^ SS tremelyanxiousm these matters to do mvdutv fairly ; and ^ pmb timevbaclc I thought Iv 4 ild compel the husband to maintain his wSe , and with thai view Idecided in the caseof Flinton . The husband however , brought anaction , and was relieved frbin the expense of 8 upportiuie his wife , t : ^ dk .:-A \ i ^ J ! t

      from the ? Mc * to ^ a £ that Mr . Hali ^ in alm ^ larcase , takes precisely the same view on the subm •«? J do ; n ^ reoverv l thiu k thst if magistr ates ' had the power to decide , that the law of Eneland upon so important a point is this , ought not tP * W decided by ^_ one magistrate ; therefore : ( addressing ¦^ " 3 OT $ W >»? t >» 'a * you have been legaUy divorced of which thisdocuaent is 8 Ufficient evidence , von have no claim , upon your husband for a maintenaS epmplaiuant-I am in ^ great want ,: -T lBaance * da | 3 nl ^ Urie ^ YpU ^ me beft )^ me » P * Satui > ^ SM ^^ ^^ ye # ^ * o what voSed ^^ Laiiri ^ ^ have you beeii di

      Mr ^ oks ^ - fifteen months . V ™? Wf ( t » ihe complainant ) --. You h ^ P ^^^^ fe ^ vS ^ fm ^ m ^ m ^ M y ^ ^ ^ > { ^ 5 % oaniot while : |^ ^ r Laurie-Hpw is ^ iat !^ } ; - ' - ¦ : l th ^ S ^ uf ^ V ^^^ i ^ of m&mrl ^ m ^^ M

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      Brooksi-J consider the law to be very absurd on ttiis ^ ppiiit : r ;; ; ; y ' •¦ ¦ " : 'V . ^ - ' - . ^ 'MSir ;' reim Ijiabr ier-Ypur legai ' a ^ vjser' meaina to say thei ^ Iib ; one latf fox tt ; rich" and anotherlo * the "' ppo * .::: ' -:: . ' ;*^ ' ; .: V . " 7 . ^ : - ; v ; -. T ¦ :- ' ^';;^~ : ;;^ - ;; . ^ .-: / . . Mr . 9 r pofcs-r !] Pfle legal prtfc ^ dinga hare owt'ini dCSOO ' *¦ ¦'' ¦ ' . " ' "¦ ¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦'' : " ' '¦ ¦ ' "¦ " " ¦ ¦ ¦ *"'¦ ¦ '¦ . ' ¦ : ¦ ' "' . '* ¦ :-v ¦ " ¦ ' ¦ ' :- . i . ' " r * '" - ' .-¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ : / ' ¦ ¦ " SfcrP . I ^ rie ^ I dp ifoi tod ^ uprKa ' rii u ^^ proper that such 6 b . pjild ^ w 1 ? ' ^ tJPKM J ^ woi * cpnjd marry again as soon ^ tb ^ y * ef eaiyprc ^ aj ^ am afraid that top ; niatiy person ? vWrald - be formtfjffto would ^ gbt up ^^ evidence agains ^ t&eir wiyw ^ Beiif tifed ofthem merely for the ^^ sake % Vo » rying ^ anPthei female . - •;; : .. ' ,. :, \ y : ' . ' : "¦ ¦¦ . : ¦¦;; : ;¦¦;; , ¦' : ^ -. ^' . 4 ; , ; v ^ ;• • Mr . Bowler-r-It is certainly ' k ^ delicafes ppxab to decide . ; : ¦ ¦ ' -. ¦ ' .-- ; - ' ¦^•¦ .:. . . . jr ••¦¦ ¦ . . /¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ f \ - •¦ •• ¦ '

      v Sir , P . Laurie—rWhat ag ^ - i tf tKia nWffo&Tiv * t « i woman ;? v-:- ^; ; . ;< . - .:: - ' ¦ . ; ., - \ ¦ •; -. . -t- ' < " - ¦ ¦ ^¦ ¦ .. ¦¦; rr ^ - A& . Brook ; s ^ TwentyrfQur . ; : " v '•' .- >" ' -. . ; .- "' - . " Sr P . Laurie--Hpw long ; wr ^ 6 u married t v Mr . ^ Brooks—Between four and five years . ^ bir P . Laurie ^ -pid any pebon seduce her in th « first instance , or ,-did she commit the offence on her ownaccprdl ! i :. ' -.. . -v ; - ¦ ¦ " .: / -. '\ ;' : " ¦ .--: . i-: ^— . " , Mr . Brpoks ^ -i hare n 6 reason to suspect that her mind was worked upon , bu « hat it arQs ^ . froniJier propensity to ^^ drink ; steepedin that Mimeit lad to

      , tne more serious oner . ' Before I proceeded , to extremities ^ I offered to forgive Tier if ehe wouldkeei > sober , but tbiff she would not dp . 3 ^/ KV' ^ 'V : - : . Sir P . LauriiB- ^ -Thebest thing would be to ; gether ' into the Pehiteritiary . . : - : . " . ¦ " ¦ •• ¦ ¦ . . ' ¦ ¦ . ' . ¦;¦ : ¦ : ' ,-Mr . Brooka- ^ She has been three ^ time 3 in Hbrsemonger-lane , ¦ ' . " . - ;• / \ ' '\ : ~} - ' VV ^ - ' . ' . ; ; : " : '' •?•• : ^ T ^ _ Sir . Peter Lauriev-It would only ^ bewastfiig of time for one to point out thevipiousness- of her career j as well as : the disgrace ^; which she has orpugh * upoii her family ^; ; - ¦ - ¦ - ; ^ : ; CompTainant- ^ My brother is at present inVtoynu and perhaps he will assijft me . ' ' : c ¦ % Mr . Brooks—I am afraid not ^ he ii ashamed of her . ; ; -:. - ., : . . - , ¦ ¦ . . - ¦ •• • ; ¦ ' "¦ : ¦ . ¦ ' ¦ ¦ ' ¦ ¦ ¦ . " ¦ > . . ' \ ' ; ¦ ¦ . *¦ . - . . ¦¦¦¦ /¦ ¦ ¦; . ' : Sir ^ ter Lannee-tVhat is her brother ? -

      Mr . Brooks—A clergyman , with a , living of i £ 100 » a-year . : :-r ¦ ¦ ' . - ¦ v ' ;> v . ¦ ¦ . •'¦/ : ' : ;<¦ ¦ - . : \ , ° } : . _ ;;; - •' " ' . Sir PeterLanrie ^ i really feel for a . highly respectable family-who can beso disgraced by / a | emal « possessingiuci ' vices . Did she always . sure ; way to drink ? ¦\ - . ' ' ' ^ -. ' - . ¦ - ¦/¦;¦;• ' : ¦• ¦ . ¦ . ¦ . J :. - * ? ¦ ; -. ¦ ¦ ¦ : ¦ ¦ ¦ / Mr . Brooks ^ I believerhotiy ' - ; v ' - " $ ¦ \ , k " :. Sir . Peter Latoie—DidL you become acquainted with her at herfather ' sresidence ? iv . Mr . Brooks-- —No , I njet herfitf : jjfond < m ; ** "& shortly after we yreremaried she began ; tpdtuik . — Sir : Peter Laurie ^ You had peffer agree to feo sent to the Penitentiary ; ; ¦ . ¦ ' . ' ¦ :- . ; , ; ; , " : i Cfemplainant- ^ -J would sooner riotgo tho ? eT ¦ ' ¦ . ¦¦ " Mr . ; Brooks ^ If ehe could be-got mto ' a wdrStipusei and there kept , I sliduld bei- 'yeryjchappy ^; to pay i ^ wards her support , and I am tjertaifl iierfiffliil ^ would do the same . : : r : ; ' : :

      Sir Petqr-Lai } rie * -Ybu had- ^ better communioati withi ; hem ; onthissubjetifc ; v ' - : rt--- ' - - ¦• /> = : > x > p . Mri Brooks—I thinks ft ^" uselessy for the / feth ^ says she has no claim upon ^ him ^ he is the c hair man of the Bo ^ d ' of ' U , uar \ iians of" the Union where hfl fes'ides ; v ;' . . ' ; , -, ' i ';¦'¦? - . , - ' ., y ^ - v . w :.. ; ... ; , i ... - ., ;* , ; , ^ . ; :: / Sir Peter Laurie ( to , the complainaniy ^ Aa you have been legally divorced' on the ground . p ^ aaul tery committed on yotir part ,- neither' j n 5 r > -any other magistrate . canasMst you j ; therefore ^ for-ypur ownsake , let me advise you ^ to apply- to the parisE last for the of

      m ^ wmcu you slepti purpose being taken into the workhouse and passed hotofe ; for b assured , yon mil find aa asylum there much better than that of : being ' cpntinually"drunk and aseociating with prostitutes . Besides , i if you should- now go again to . IVIr . Brooks and create a disturbance , y&u wilI . be . Bentto . ga 61 . - .. ; : ""¦ ' ¦'?¦ . ^' ' : . i- ' - : -:-- ' .:. i-:: \ .: ' : ' ; -: '\ ,: y-u ; Thewretched , dissipated young creiature , however refused to listen to « th ; e su ^ gestiptt- of the " wortiw magistrate ; for , uponshearing that ^^ nothingwpuld ^ bS done for hoi-, she left the office , and' ran off towarda the city . ¦ - ' ¦ , - :, ¦; . ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ..: ; .: ;;; , , ; ... ¦ . ¦ . :. ;/¦ ; ¦ . , - " . ;; - . . , - - " The summons was then discharged ,. and Mr * Brooks left the offitce . ' : - ^

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      "" .- ' ¦ " i ^ ^ ' .- ¦ , ^^^^^^^^^ ^^ " ^ O ^^^ ^* " : "' i' '¦ .- •• *~ : ¦ ,-¦ ' ¦ " . ; ¦ eON . STmNATIQN ^^ CAPfUIlE ; AN 3 >; IMPMS (^ MiNTi O # RAPHAEL ^ TIffif ASmpXp | R . ; ; . ' . ' ¦ - " He made , a ^^ plinetary gin , ' . ' /' " ¦'¦ ¦¦ it ; .. :. ' Which ratsvypuld run tnepp ' yirh heads in , And come ^ pn purpose to tie ia&en , ' - ' . " Without the expense •"" . of ^ cheesy or pa ^ donV '; ;^ £ S , (^ ronEK 9 ^—Mnchi eicitemen ^ prevailed at the Guildhall of . this city-yesterday , a ^ arge ^ ^ number ot the inhabitants b ^ vingi assemble d theT&ia consequence of a . repprf in circulatiOH tHo&t Raphael , the astrologer , had ; through soniwiuniuckv' coiitiguratipn of Mars and < Saturn , gpt intoihe hands of tne police . Many stpries were afiosLt isato the chariHi against , the conjuror ; but it appeared t&ni ^ bd

      autnomy . ot one of . the pfi 5 piaie ;^ t i ^ ervant-niaicL who ; . ttad been detectea in puribimngsome plate from her master , ha 4 confessed ^^ thataha hswlbeento-Mr . Kaph * el to have Mt planets ruled , aa ^ that she had been mducedto . cbmmit the robbery vltt ^ onsequen ^ of some fevelatibhsmade tpherby 'the-ieer . It i « uuderstood thatthesiUy girlw- ^ tbld By ^ the va « raget her trauspprted , shewould marry i great man , andbe aladyin . the convict settlements ifThis , wftli other evidence of ihe domes of Mr . ; Itep hael c&ti £ t o the ^ owledgeof ^ M ^ strates . iSeS pgerwas consulted ^ by ; the pbHce , who , in silitHf J his stars /' placeihim ( $ sa ^ ustodyjinthesSo

      b * «?\ 7— ° plock * ke wise manias ^ placed at the bar , and peat was the : anxiety'of ^ heSpect « . the middle = stature , ? with blacks bushy : hlirSfc eomplexion , andva ; roguish > ca 8 tof counteianco : tt » was ^ martlyydre 8 sed , , ^ nd , when-attK ^ hS tolerable style . He wae informed against toehS W ^^ ^^* ^^^ H 0 i ' m ^ ^ Sarat Staciev a respectable isexvaiit ^ ¦ the ^ Half N oncommercial inn ^ deposed ^ foUowsVSS -r ( he na 4 left cards , at ^ various Lhouses »^ ffi ; w * adoW stating that « Kaphaol mighS < SlteU

      psp ^ m&ssfjs ^ fM ^ m ^ mmM ^ mkmm ^ k ^ M reewved ; more from somo pepplj Wl SbJKtfS said there would some misfoftunl haWeu ^ ml and I . must give him Ss .: for ; Mm to ^ & ^ S to ti the

      thing prev ^ misfortuneTWt f dlHoi ^ Sr « W ^ ' i ^ ? * : ^ ould ' be- senS « was . to happen to me . He said he would go oa with the paper , but h ? could not get me wEat hi wished . unless I gave him another 5 b . / My ^ fellowservant , JMary Boult , after war dagavo me the . paper 11 jie paper was- here produced : It was' folded like a ^ tter , th ^ reheing ^^ the . outstdei ^ MTth J > m ^ Om Thousand Eight hundred , and twelve » The S ^ jts wereVkmd Of ^ trological scheme , ; consisted of figures ai ; dsigns ^ of the planeis / wlth a kteteS that ihe : wpman . ^ would be ' a % i (^ d * with convS ^ 18 1 ?> : W m ¦ birthday , ^ He- ^ ked- ine ^ an d ^ toM

      fpsfiil ^ iilill ^ s Friday a ^ d 5 a . on the' Saturday' al ^^ ^ - * f ^^ mmmW

      h ^ Bhadi ^^^^ m ^ tWV ^^ « saSSR 8 afe which ^^ acieuce wasSiCal ' w « t ^ ^^^ ^^ mimM ^^^ s ^^^ m ^ mm ^^ ISowarYfr ^^^ mem , dkribiS ^ SisoS ^^ enormity , andSfftf ^ of ^ Prisoned ^^ l ^^^ ^ astrol oger to be im-^ euei ^ SeS ^ ^^^ o hard labour . looked as if h > % ^ nju ^' ^ ^ &

      Untitled Article

      ^ BMi ^^ i ^ . ^^ M ^^ sm ^ si ss ^ S ^^ sssssaaa thobhaS of ^ SSS ^^ f , af ^ rSessiOM m ^^ m ^ mmk ¦ jgfisSi ^ sSMsstafiBa ^ uor ^^ uml . ^ K ^ fc ^ fcaTO W *» th «

      (©Rt' S Inal Cdw^Wtr^Nce.

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      i ; o ^ TTO " i ^ i ^ LEi ^; iBg ^^ g ^ '¦¦ ^^^^ rf being ibaueditnat -Mt - ' iT ?^ ' e *^ te , td .-- # w . ^ n ^ al Cowrentionj wpaid deliver a leotuire on » t h ' o fo ^ ign polidy of the Government , and-Its effects' ott British industry , at tn © wieeMy Taeetin / f of ffie dMomittee , as ! sVo * Las the' ohapel was 1 opened , the "' p'l « oe was crowded to « XCess . ¦ " ¦• :. ; ¦ : > . ¦; . ' . ¦ - ¦ ^ :- >" ;^ . :. ; :: ¦ ' . ¦ ¦> - \ \ ' ; ' - . ' ; v " v ' . ^" ' : - ;;; ^ M ^ ;]| P ^ Ri ^ having ieen c ^ ojPjBned ihe business bV ^ arning the people to beware ot the Corn- Law humbug thai was likely' to make its appearance again in Birmingham . He also verv ably alluded to the People ' s Hall of Scfehce , which was rapidly prbcedingji calling upon the meeting to take but shares for the above halL ; TflfifBhalrman introduced . ¦ ¦ ¦ . :. ; ' : ' . ' 5 ; :.- . \ . ' ¦ ' ¦•; ¦;/ vy ; 3 ; o- . ^' 5 - . " ^' ^ ¦ ¦ : ''• -. , : ¦ ¦' ,. ; . ' Mr . W . pARDo to the meeting . He was received with rounds of applause which lasted folr some

      minutea . . Haying gained silence , he commenced one ofwq most 1 eloquent lectures ever ^ delivered on the foreign . pplicy ; of the ; goyernment , which will riot soon be forgotten in Birmingham .: After a lbcture of a full hour and . a quarter , he cbnclttded amidst rounds of applause . : ; : - . . ;; . '/ - . . ;• :: ' ¦ . > ¦ ¦ , '; ¦; Mr . T . F . Gbeen then came forward to move the following resolution . /; .. ' .:. - ' ¦ Thatthe niost cordialthanksof thisineetingbe giyen to Messrs . HarneyjCaflile , arid Ayr , for their attendance at those meetings , and more especially tb Mr . "W . Cardo for his able and eloquent lecture on the Foreign Policyofthf Government , and its effects on British industry ; arid that ^ this meeting again invites all Chartists and friends to the masses of the people , travelling through : Birmingham , to their weekly meetings , held in this chapel , oh Tuesday evenihsrs . '' . " : ; ' - ; - ¦¦ :: - .,-:, ;¦ - : - ; : - ' - .- "¦ '; ; - - ¦ - ; . ' ,

      i . / Mr . Fusseli . seconded the reaolutipn . The : Chairman haying put the resolution to the meeting , it wak carried unanimously , amidst loud ¦ applause . ¦ ¦ . ;' . - ' : . ¦ .:: :- \ .: ; "; , ¦;¦ ¦ : , ;• ¦ ,, - , . - ;> . ; : ¦ ; \ - Mr . W . Cabdo again caoie' forward , and was received with another burst of applause ; Silence being obtained , he addressed ; the meeting ip . a * ery im ^ preamve manner ^ a solemn silence prevailing all the tune hespoke . ; He also Mludb 4 » tp the noble spirita of ; Collins and Lovett , thai were now suffering in prisoafor our ^ cause . Havingwished the meeting a farewell , he left the chapel amidst loud ; ipplauso . > A vote ofI thanks being | given to our chairman , the meeting adjourned till next Tuesday evening . ; : " W . Baklpw , Secretary . Birmingham , Oct . 8 , 1839 . ; -

      N / . B . The Gpmmittee meet every Thursday evening , at the Cross Guns , ; Lancaster-street , to receive donations ; and ; subscriptions for the families of the noble ^ patriotsColliiis and Lovett , when they will be : ino 3 t thankfully . received and dulyAcknowledged . > , [ The : above should have been ; inserted in our last , Jout was accidentally omitted . ' ^ -EDs . ] " ¦ fi' - 'J . .: !' ¦ •!' ¦ ¦ ¦ ' r ' . ¦¦ •'"' . '" ¦ ' ¦ : - ¦ - ;¦ . ¦ ¦ ' ¦ ¦ . ¦;' ¦ ¦ :

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      ! . I ^ ari' - $ "¦ y :: T * / --- : . " ' - - : - " ' " - - ^ :--- ^ ' / ; - \ : ' :::-: . -

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 19, 1839, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1079/page/6/