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Northern Star (1837-1852), 21st September 1839, Edition 1 of 1, Page 6, THE BANKING SYSTEM.

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    • g^C rit $i fye 3'0r«g. I = I s pirit ci fi)? ^r<^0.
    • THE BANKING SYSTEM.
    • TO THE ED1T0BS OF THE NORTIIEEN STAB. i
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      Untitled Ad

      TO THE ELECTOK 5 OF YORKSHIRE . llT LOF-PS AM ) fiyvn . T > n ; f . la my address of last -week , I pointed ont tie dTfncuIaes into TrMeh your support of a bad system had led von , and I shall hotv endeavour io lay l > efore Ton the jEeans 1-y -which you msy still extricate jonrsslvci from the snare Into -wiiich you hsve fallen . The nation , of Tvhich yon axe the representatives , is in tie situation of a man in business about to fail , frith rceonxces which , if properly applied , would psv mere ihan sixty shillingo in the pound . You have £ -. iilable property at your disposal to a vast amoan : ; obIt give to it the real vslue , and you cas < K = ~ 5 Tm ± z , t . abroad or £ t ieme . to any aniount discount itabroad or £ i iemeto any aniount TO THE ELECTOES OF YORKSHIRE , - » t _ t ' r >

      Untitled Ad

      acres of land in England . - Give for the -ralue to the leads of families of tvro millions one-fourth of that amount , and you will sea that which your ancestors have seen , an armed people a peaceablo people . You may probably say that my notions are theoretical , and thst so much labour could not bepro-| fitably applied to land . To that the answer is easy . By j the dint of labour you camnako all England a gar-[ den ; ard how comes it to pass that market gardeners ! can afford to expend twenty times the amount of labour npon the same quantity , of land ! By my acres of land in England . - Give for the ^ lne to Tiio-hr . iri . nPf-. Tr . iUoa nt ?*»•« t-sh . ' ^ c ^^ A ^ ti , ^

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      — I | [ IE . MARijUIS OF LONDONDERRY ANDi THE QUESTION OF DUELLING . j The ansvrcy which th ? Marquis of Londonderry I > . t . 2 i ? res ~^ l to the Clergy of Ilipon , who , our adrrs wi ]] n colled , reru ^ -irated with him on the lyect o : _ ] :: s late duel v . - iih the cile ^ c-i . voucher of C-niivH ' s " pt-isoa ;! ol , " ?> ir . Henry 'Jrattan , L = e thai ? :. uji ^ ive p . iin xo every trr . e Co : >« ervaiivt . — ! 3 > iuach as ii iteiiberstely attempts to justify a . 0 ; s TM ? . ii-k > iiof the Christian rc-li ; , noi » , a : ni ihe law the lau J , Trindi ccn orvauTC 5 are bemud toholdrespcei ar . d veneration . \ iE-k-pen'iently of the " moral-:, "' or the alleged c-rals oi' " the camp / ' which Lord Londonderry - : s iip as a defence of a vioLuiou of the la-rr of ( j Oli , id the laws of his eomitry , there Is a tone of not ' ry c-iirr ; . \» : i 5 rebuke to the clergy of Riponfor ! i . rferir . g -witli the practise of his pistol-code of i ii' 0 ' . ir— 2 . code , he it observed , against which the isJ'j - itv has ? et his everlasting canon—a code ' iik-h i > a ' r-o stamped witluhe brand oi" / .: / on-ir . faiay ' ' the legislatitre , of which Lord Londonderry is an i TedvnTJi member . j "We iinvo ever tle : " -ndeJ the JIomsh of Lords a ? an -. te tT 2 ] and essential part of our constitution a . < raiji . = f c t rawing ho .-tiiiiy c-f the tulwar ai : d malignant , : ; :.-. i-ir \ -who wish to L-tt-. t it iu public opinion , ; id : 3 : e : > diitroy h , thai : ; : ej may be enabled to . fii ' en urn-ixed and unchecked democratic tyranny h ' -u the rdns of the constitution of England . Hat l ciiiiio ; defead thy .-e meinDers of the House of > r <;^ tv ]; u arrogate to themselves the yArH ; - ;? -of , ! ciiu- the law with Imi r . n : tY , and who are a to : ij . .- 'i slJ a-: i > i . } ed at Laving " their right to do to > .: '; ;•! k : » -v . e 3 tion . ij brl . cr-rf to tl-. e ; fi < - i- expected of the humblest t-L-:: of the con : uo :: " . 7 .:-altb . To enforce tkit ¦ edlr . 'ce there aTC holts and chain ? , and dungeons , id trie teaffoU it ^ -Ir ' . A higher motive than dread ' punishment cn ^ hl to infl n-iuvj the exaked in rank ; id station—UK-re c . ~ pc- ' - : al ! y when they are law- ; akers—to set an { - -cample of reverent iaisnbmission i the laws of the land . ; We - will now qnote a p 2 i «^ e from Lord London- ; ? rry " s answer to the cleriry of llipon , ob-i . rvinx pt the production irhiv-h luis been p ;; llH :-jl with is Lor-i ? liip * s ? I ^ aai--. re i # nearly as faultv in literary imposition ai i : is objectionable in point of Cliris ' - ' an mora'ity : — - You oa'l on me , " says hi * Lordshi p ) the Clergy of Ripou , ' as a Christian Senator and lObleman , instead of Ijwic ^ to the evil require-: lents of a wordly code , to have substituted exalted ation pzii religious principles . Bnt you fcrget ' iat this course mfglit , in all proLabQitv , 1 ::: tc i itailed-per-i ^ al cha-ti . -ement and insult . " . Allow \ le to ob . 'errt , Sir , to your cloth this may ] : ns : < oi-er i -i-Ivj ] net-Sen may redrew—but to ours this can ' ctct Lc risked . " ' "What is meant in the above j issaire l-y the phrase , ' * to hare substituted exalted ation . " it is diScalt to fay . And , cs to the ex-1 ressi '» ar- - , ~ 10 your cl ^ tli this-may pa ^ s OT ; r , but to ' 175 tLL can neTar ha risked ; " they are , to sav the ¦ an of them , of a very strange " and un-En ' sl ^ h yleof phraseology . But the reasoning is " still ! ' s ? Uefti : iil > le tlia . n the verbal comp < jsition . < / ilic- reasc-ning an : o ; : n : 3 to this ,. " If 1 had not" ! iula . ia-1 uie law against homicide , another person ] mrh ; 2 : are committed a breach of _ the lz . vr , -which , ' ] the ca-o of a Ckr ^ yman , a civil action mi ^ bt ci je =-, bv . t not in tho case of a soldier . " Indeeduq d . J . s t ! ie Mar-i -iis of Londonderry presume to ' ?; 1 th . _ - pcoj . l . ' of England that ihu soldier is ! sempt fcom that subniission to the mnnicii > al lawj hich is expected of the un-military public ? Does e alio mean to insinnate that a gentleman in a lack . coat has not as nice a sense of honour as a . :-nik 2 ian in a rid one ? If he does not , what docs ie Ec-an by saying that a civil action can redress he wounded honour of a Clergyman , but not of a oldier i Con either soldier or Clergyman be lowered n the e ? tiniation of society by " vindicating the najesiy of the law against niffianly -riolerce ? Can : ither the one or the other be raised in the opinion f the enlightened public by endeavouring to ¦ edress Ms own ¦ wrongs , in sontemptnous defiance > f the -aw ! Now , as to the particular instance "which gave rise o iiie remonstrance of the clergy of Ripon , let us i = k , did the Marquis of Londonderry trample on he lair , at tte invitation of Jlr . Henry Grattan , in > rder to establish a reputation for personal courage ? If he wanted no such "certificate of character' as to his personal bravery , then vre ask , did the Marjuis of Londocderrv think it Ms duty to violate the law-in defence of wiat he had thought it his duty to ay in Ms place asa member of the Legislatarel If he tvas -ijrong in ascribing infamy to the authors of the ifrocions calumny of the regicide poison-plot , why iid be not apologise ! If he was right , -why did he ; nter into an "affair of honour , " as it is foolishly ^ lled , with one whom he considered infamous ? It may be said that he applied the stigma only to such person or persons as might avow the horrible language ascribed to Messrs . O'Connell and Grattan , or who might be proved to have used it ?—Vary true . But did the Marquis of Londonderry insist upon Mr . Grattan's disavowing the words which were published , uncontradicted , in his name , before he gave Mm a meeting ? If he did not believe that Mr . lirattan used the words-wMcb the liberal and Popisli . papers of Dublin had so ostentatiously published , then he should have been " candid" and '' straightforward" enough to tell him so ; but ii" he did be ! i * ve he tittered them , how could lie place himself on a level with one whom he Jiad branded , in Parliament ,-vritli an epithet of ignominy only . fit for a galley-slave ? Surely , in such a case Be ought to have thought ii more creditable to have appealed to the law . of tbe . land than to the mis-calied law oi honour , to chastise the self-disqualified assailant , and vindicate his privilege as a Peer of Parliament ! .

      ? sc » t content vmh pleading as a justification ofhomicide ,-the abstract theory of a soldier ' s honour , u > o llarqais of Londonderry condescends to quota a precedent , and entrenches Minself behind a h" £ ii example . He says , " Did the clergy ofany part of the empire remonstrate with : the hero of one hundred fights-when he met Lord Winchilsea in a duel ? From -trhence , then , may I ask , arises tho eitreino anxiety at this nioicc ^ t , upon a far humbler and . less important matter ?*' Since the luarqois lias chosen tareniind the public of t he duel wMcb occurred some vears aro between the Duke " of "Wellington and the " Earl of V . 'inchilsea , and has attempted to justify his ov . n coi ! -Juet by that evil preeedeBt , ' . Ye feel bouud to stateUhat it ivould-bo better for the Duke of "Wellington ' s reputation if that circumitacce of his ];?» could be buried in utter oblivion . A more fcolisli and absurd " auair of ionoio- " hardly ever took place , due Dose -was then Prime 31 i ; iisier of . England , and oaght to Lave been the tctv : 3 st man to have . set an examiilo of violating t--2 laws of his country . " Quicqui-I delirant T 3 ges pkctantar Aciiivi " The- Earl of WaichHsta Lad m-. de ? ome rathtr severe Ttilettious on the B :-i : e I .-, 'Is public characrer , and in rc-ferer . ee to the pan which he acted in = i'K 2 S " i' a e ? : m ,- aj . acr :: ; -- ^ : 1 buttresses of xhe . rr , h-aL : C-M ;; r- ; ,- . i : s : ; iLe VoySs : e-ior ; U , ii : cr . ;; 3 ;; r . zd < -.- ..:::- - . -: - . . ; - . Tork !> f baiiertn ^ - ^ , V ' - ' . v- --= A ? : ¦ ¦ : ¦ -- ; ¦ ' t" :.- K . formaiiyu ; tjri-u ! ui uiaiLcTi . ' i ' iz . iv-. iJiil-eui-inutioreicetbe ! !

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      Qisastrous consequences of liis oirn act is quite certain , or he would have taken care that when he gave the Roman Catholics power , the Protestant religion should not be left "without adequate security . In tM 3 he committed one of th » greatest errors in judgment that a statesman of « pol head , upright character , and patrioti * intentions evor committed . . England is now suffering severely from sucli misplaced liberality in all her interests . Out ofthii fatal policy arose the other error—the worse than error of the single combat which the Marquis of Londonderry has appealed to as a precedent for his absurd "affair of honour" -with hi 3 G'Connellito antagonist . . * To imitate the virtues—to endeavour to . emulate the merits of great men is a laudable ambition , but to copy error or vice because it happens to be Eanotioned by a lligu naxno is miferable self-delusion . Wemnst not allow even tho Duko of "Wellington ' s authority to be stronger than divine and human obligation , and to justify a gross violation of the dfeastrous consequences his own act is quite cer- tain , or he would have taken care that when he

      duty which a statesman and a legislator owes to the command of religion aud of law . When Lord Brougham lately drew an eloquent comparison at the Dover banquet between the exploits and character Gf tlic Di \ ko of : Wellington and those cf Julius Ciesar , he very prudently I omitted . all . allusion to any other battles of Ms than the battles for his country . Hipt « ry has no recollection of Julias Cresar having drawn his sword in the single combat of a private quarrel . Noris there any record of his great rival P-ompey having sabmitt ci any personal or private difference ^ 0 tho arbi-] tranient of mortal conflict . Keither Scipio or Ilani nilal distiiiguisLcd themselves ia that way , nor did j the Decii or the Kabii make a character for courage j by other combats than those in which they fought ! and bled for their country ' s glory . " Strike me , but j hear me , " said one of tile greatest of the chiefs ol ; Greece to Ms irritated rival , and the polished people j of Athens applauded thai sentiment of lnagnanii mou ? forbearance .

      It the Duke of "Wellington had reason to challenge the Earl of Winchilsea , the great Duke of Marlboruugh had much more personal provocatioi from some of the ministers of Queen Aline , wiio grossly calumniated the hero of Blenheim . He did not challenge any of his enemies io mortal combat . He looked forward to history , ami said " Time-will be my vindicator . " We are liot aware that tl \< 3 great Turenne oi- Xapoluou Bonaparto crer lought a duel . He who , when the bravest veturans fell bu : k , threw liimself into the > torm of grape at Lodi , ' aud r :: ? licd in to a perfect hurricane of death at Arcole . doe * not seem to have regarded duelling as a cruditable practice even for soldiers . And of scitliers it has of ; cubeen observed-that the most quaiiokonio and liuei-seekiug officers in an army are , ¦ generally , the very worst .

      Why has the Marquis of Londonderry dra . ; . ovl forward the name of the Duke of Wcllingtv ; i , u ; . j pleaded , for his own violation of the law , the authority of an example , which it would be well for t ^ ciely if it were altogetLcr forgotten J But this o . iajiip ' . e Laving been thus put forward , it allo - . v i : t / pa-s without notice- would appear like at vu ' . iwhence on our part in the doctrine which that prCcc-J ; :-d \ . ns adduced to support . Last year we had to laaiutuin a controversy on tMs subject , . irisii :- ^ out i , f fhe drunkc-u and ^ disgraceful *" aiiair of irono ::: ' and •> : u ,-dcr at Wirnbletoii-commoi ! . The puri v >! iic ' i we took 011 that occasion hud , we believe . s : nie iiriluencc in n : aklng people rellect npohtho svliint-. s and absurdity of a , practice which , independently of ailagrant violation of the Divine and human

      in-, junvtioas against nouiioido , gives thej «~ t . ) l-i > iaut :-x' assasiin a fatal ail vantage over " , tho uklm of the nicest av . d most punctilious honoar , ivJio i » uo adept in the murderous sciencu of the prwiesscd iijellii-. l . As to personal courage , it is more frequent ] v mural cowardk-e than personal " courage wMoJi . stimuiatcs to duelling encounters . Men are -afraid « f the imputniion of fear , and that terror prevails over the love of life , the seusv of religious d-. uy , aud i ; , -vereuoe for the law . It is not incompatible " even wiili ' . the character of a professed dnelli = t that-Jiasl . . uld be a co-. va . ru at he ^ rt . Such a "man relics K 'l'i'il Ilia bravery than on his pistol practice a ^ :. ; I \ orsous Il-.-s skilk-d than hiia .-elf . . S .-iiK-tii : ic . s v r ;; i wholly

      detkivist in-ptTsoiiRl intrepidity U . ^ w- - - ' - ^ : lic ' 'i :-ld m ; : ch a ^ jaius : Jiis indiua-. io " n , and iii .-: a-. k , are nov wanting of fortune giving ihu viuivrv # f blood to such a man though no ad ' uirt- at tho u > c ^ 1 ' any njortal -weapon . Two in « taiiccs are v . ; : ! : in our own knowledge of persons v . ho i-. - ere of vi-ry uuherok ' character beiug forced by repeari 1 auult . s and threatvnings ty enter the lirts ^ yiu * wrt ; : au oliicer ot the navy , the other wi'h an officer in ; ' army , and i : i both iiisiances the- bullied and rci ; : i ; i : ) t combataJitri kiiii .-d their Eien . Una of the pevscus-to whom v / e allude i = now living , and is a n ^ n < t ' considerable public celebrity . iUu not ATi ; ir ' . ''l \ l - :. i " tij is duollin » a mere cover fur p-rvmediiatcU as-a . ^ inatioii .

      \ N huther a pisiol- ^ lio : can .-rtu . j a . disputed'point in argument , or repair a brokcu-d ^ wn ciu » ra . itcr , we leave the casiiirtsof the code of-h » uour to determine . Bat we must tell the Marqiii . Joi " lA . ndoi ! uorry what he scc-ms to" have forgott * : n —ilita liomiciu > . % * toii when no unfair advantage . ;* luken iu liuollin ^; , is ml-kdkh iu vne eye of the law , and whkL subjects the soldisrj whom honourable victory in iiis country ' s cause would crown with laurels , " tu hi- kantjed by tlie neck tiii the body be dead—a fate tl ; aj b ^ ftl an officer ot the army , of the naaje of Cam ^ b . ! , - » tc bcliorc , some years ago . Yet hear what Lor-1 Londonderry tells the remonstrant clergj- cf Hi ; :., - . ! as to that piactico lor suct-tfss iu -svhicil the 1 AAV or E . NGLA . 3 D awards the ignominious death of tiK-siaflbiU .

      llis Lordship says : — " 1 $ h uld lose the degree of character 1 have ( I hop ,,- ) obt ; , ined through lite for candour and straightrurv / ardiioss if I did not at once declare that , while yjufs clergymen , are compelled to vieir th > s . traiin ' aislicn as unsanctioued aud unauthorised by God , w « , «; svUicrs , ( ire bound to Jifl ftt to xiphoid the iilitu- . : td the throne when attacked ; and for thb high duty our garments must be us unsullied as your ?; aud while you , in tlio duo exercise of your hiyli "ailing are bound to preach , the GospcJ , and aihuiiustcr consolation to the rcpeinaia sinner , ~ t ; c . ii . ; .. usl . leave to the British soldier the unfettered ri ' jhi */ being the best judge and arbiter of his owtt ; , ncur , while ho religious ! V believer tliat in doii : g I , is Uiity iu that state of life to which Pro ^ identc Las called him , he will find mercy in tho IledtemcT , instead ' -of drawing down the yvrath of G-od , us you seem to announce . ' If Lord Londo . idevry , being an hereditary legist lator thinks the absuru and barbarous practice of duelling necessary to the defence of th » altar and the throne , it Li wL ^ i-those who minis te r at the altar , and the c-. lleaiyc wisdom of the state , represented by the high h . \ gisthate that ' occupies the throve uo nci . The law . of God compels ' not merely Clergymen , but all men to consider wilful homicide the ^ rpate ~ r of crimes . The lav ^ of . the land annexes to ifthj severest and most ignominious of jtunishmenfs . Is it by defying the law of Godj is it by trampling on the law of tho land that the i soldier , to u-. j Lord Londonderry ' s words , is to keep I his garments unsullied— unsullied because sprinkled I with ihe bij ^ i of homicide—perhaps committed for i -an idle -word , or as the appropriate sequel of a

      ganiblmg-hou ^ e quarrel or a Viverivbiawl 1 . That tiK- Clergy uid not remonstrate'with the illustrious perso !; agc whose name and example the Marquis t f ' . Londonderry has quoted to-jitstify his own conduct , ( unlike that of the bra to Admiral Codrlngtv , -. i , who appealed to the law , and punished Mj ehaMeu ^ er in the Queen ' s Bench ) can B . ; r « ly not alter the merits of the question , i'be Clergy of Bath di-i ; . o more than their duty in- reproving the conduct of Lord Powersccurt , and the Clergy of Ripon viily discharged a duty of their high calling in remonstrating with Lord Londonderry . If the voice t four holy religion be despised aud disregarded j the law of the laud must be enforced . Every man who endeavours to kill or disable another , by discharging at him any loaded fire-arms , is . ' subject , to the pains and panalties of a transportable felony although no bloodshed ensues ; ana juries seem , of late , disposed to second the authority of the law in defense of the outraged principles of equal justice a :: J Chriitian civilisation . —Morning Herald .

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      THE CONVENTION . y * o perceive that the Convention has closed their la- :-. rs for the season . The members of this body Lav- had a xery arduous-aad . difficult part to play ; a t ! upon the whole we feel ourselves justified in saying they have acted their parts well , and with zeal and fidelity of purpose towards those who deputed them . It is always an easy thing to carp at , and find fault .-with the movements of public bodies . j but the fair and just criterion to judge them by is , to weigh well their general merits , and not to be fastidiously captious about trining departures from

      -wnat is conformable to prudence , and good policy . We should earnestly request tho people to appoint another Convention . Their Convention for 1839 have . nmquestionably acted an honest part , and through the means of that Convention they have aa undoubtedly acquired a vast acquisition of moral power . The people have , in fact , now established a Parliament ; and that Parliament , -we trust , they will cause to meet annually , until there shall be only one Parliament j and that an '" annual" one , iu Great Britain .

      If the Con \ entioii liad done no ottier service , never be it forgotten that they openly met , and in the teeth of a hostile Government , asserted the gn ; at right of the people TO HAVE ATt . MS . This great right the Convention as a Convention , asserted ; and for this alone they deserve the eternal . gratitude , of Englishmen . — -Northern Liberator-

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      - ^^ - ~ THE " 3 I 0 KEY ARTICLE , A -correspondent informs ns , that our warning to the depositors in Savirgs' Banks has made a . great sensation in Cornwall . The working men , like men cf . sense , have % v ;;'; : ura- ! vn considerable amounts on readi : jij it . ' iu-: i =-

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      listen to tho pernicious aidvico of thosennpririciplcd vagabonds , " that wish them to witlidrawtheir molXeh- " o " ! % t they may iiavo an opportunity of robbing them . '' Pernicious moans mischievous and vrhat niiFchief « an it possibly do an honest working man , to ueep his money in his own house , Or in Iiii own pocket , while there is daugor ¦ of banks breaking ? i ' nese men mean that it will bo pernicioas to the banks to liavo to pay ^ seeing that they cannot : produce the 7 > wney . But the poor working meti ought not to caro about that , they ought to take care of them-¦ seltes- and their families . Do these gentienicn- " 'pro-¦ mi 3 C . to-:-pay'th ' em , ; - »/ -r / je > 'i « nA- \ eanwo ^! - i -Aud-1 i " ayc they any means of making them keep their promises ] The trufii . is , that the tr ^ ht- of these gentlemen shows -that ; there is something wrong . They must be yery . aiigry . Wlionithoy condescend to call people vagabonds for giving advice .-Champion . listen : 4 p tho pernicious advice Of thosonnpririciplcd Taranonrla " t . Knt wieU thn ™ *« , ^ ti . j ^—5 * t . » : _^>;

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      ( From 3 . Y . Bray ' s . "Labour ' s Wrongs dud Labours Remedy" ) Scarcely a year passes without bringing forth a noise loom- the camp of the enemies of Labour respecting the circulating medium , or the ^ curro'jcy . *' ihis Kquabbhng - and uproar ariso while it is being detcrnimed between the two parties , whether the landholder / capitalist , or the commeriiial capitalist shall nave the greatest portion of the national sppih iho-workiag classes , aro supposed to have nothing to do with tho matter , their interests ayo in no way coii suited , nor can they gain anything .-by the success of the one or the other division of tlio capitalists '; ' but were tho present monetary system clearlv sneiv into

      ov . the productivo classes , they -would , take Care to ; ia , ve a voice in the decision of the question . Devise what he may , it is . impossible for tho ingenuity of luanto create any instrument which " will , enable him to exercise , such power over his fcllow-nian as he now obtains by means of tho system of . banking , or tho creation and ' -iasuo ofmancy . ' This constitutes the great armoury from wheneo tlio capitalists ; derive all their weapons to fiyht with and conquei- tho working class ; and ho long as they lia . vo this mighty engine of good or cvilat their disposal—so long : Its ' ihe power of making and issuing nioney is usurped oy particular classes , iudependent of other elatesthe ¦ mouied class can bid donanco to political associations , and trades' unionsand all similar

      in-, stitutions having for their object tlio amelioration of the condition of the working class , and' the effecting of their deliverance , from the chains , of capital . 1 ¦ ¦ . ; riiat this part of the subject may be more clearly seen into , we have only to exa-m ' uio what tho econonusts themselves-say ' with respect-: to money : — "The time lost and the trouble incurred iu the way of barter , is avoided by the adoption of atnodium of exchange—that if , a commodity' generally agreed upon , which , in order to citoe't an exchangebotweeu two other commodities , is tirzt received in exchange iW tho one , and then given in cxcliango for the other . Such is the account given by tiic economists

      of the nature and intent ion of uiGiiey . Iii this brioi hi . stoi-y , howevei ' , the iirst steps of the transactions arc kept out of sight , and tlio lust part only : of the 'iioveniriit is brought into view . It is not said who originally produces this " commodity ; generally agreeti upon" —this money—and j ^ ives it in oxchango lor tjvD- / iVa / commodity- ; -1101 * is it told who creates the first commodity for whicii tho moneyis given . Tiiree pa rties only are apparently engaged , in the transaction- —the ' ilrst ' . haying in his possession the ' coiinnodity generally agreed upon , ' ' and the second and . third holding the commodities which they wish to exchange . ' -Herein lies tho knavery and mystery oi bahkhi '' and njojicy-making , ¦¦' . .. '

      The true and -only meaningof the -quotation- - ' just given , ii , t'hat certain parties produce or make a medium of exchange , or money , for which they receive commodities . Now , if the medium' of cxchange thus given for tho commodity his of . equal , value witli . "the commodity , the exchange is a just one . ; but if it be of iisibrior value , or Of no value ; whatever , the transaction i ^ . a robbery on ihe part of _ those by whom the mcdiunl is ; made . For two tlijngs to bo of equal value hi exchange , tlvciv cost cf production innst be oqual . The / common circuhting mediinu is composed of paper and gold—the i . ' \ -t all but worthless , and the last deriving its chief v : ' 110 from the quantity of labour rcqnifed for it . F'x . Iue'tioH-.: ' We havo already seen tjiiit the

      capitalists do not labour , and tliiit , consequently , they < "ui proJuco nothiii »; butasthegoldcanbc originallv obtained only by means of iabonr , tho capitalists can iia ' vo nothing to do with its production . Tiiegold , howtver has come . into pos . s . essio-u of the capitalists ; and theretbrc they mn-t , in their exchanges , either have deiV-uded tlie parties Who at first produced tllO J- 'old , or else they ¦ have defrauded the parties from Vvhom they obtained the commodities given by them in excliango for tho' gold . The barbarities and injustice connected with the production of £ old aro uotorjous enough ; but . it 13 the second transaction which more nearl y concerns the producmo classes of tho Union Kingdom . Tho present circulating mediuin , then as the ecouoniists confess

      is-made by a '« l : vsq ' of capitalists called bankerssome of them acting independently ,. and others in connection with the established Government—and for this medium of ' ex change , © r money , it is acr kno ' ivleged that the bankers reeeivo comhiodities of certain parties . The ' s , ' e second parties , in turii , oxcliaiige the money for other commodities fr ' oiii some third party ; and upon the same principle , of giyiug value for talue the exehango goes on amons ail . succeeding parties . Tims reiil value is rendered in exchange for real value in every case except the Jint ' transaction—thut between the banker and the person who receives his medium—and in this first negotiation , according to the ShoVving even of the economists , there is a vilo and cunning robbery

      committed upon ' the productive classes ; for it plainly appear * thiit the makers of the jnediiiin—the bankerd , capitaiibts , aivd other feeders upon the industry of the working , claw—render no real equivalent for the eomnioviities which they receivo' in exchange for their medium . -The great : majority ^ of the borroicers of tho medium belong to tho ssiine niiprodiictive class as the makers pf it ; and the wealth which they give as interest , or as an equivalent for t ] io . use . of the money borrowed , is what tlioy liayo previously obtained from -itliiy working class , by means of unequal exchang-es ! Tluis . tho productive classes give to the . banking and the tradiiig-capitalists" their labour— their very sweat and blood—and the latter give to them , iu exchange—what ? They givothein

      a shadow—a rag—a "bank-noto ! ' ? The creation of a circuiting medium is , undor tho present system , just as much a trade : as the n : aking of shoes or hats . A person ,, or a number of persoii ^ , with or without proi > crty .-can at any time establish-a bank and issue money by conforniihg to certain regulations . Vov instance , : ai thotisand persons "join together to establisk a aoint-Stoek Bank , which is to bo possessbd 6 f a capital of the valuo of £ l , (; i ) 0 , OO 0 , in ¦ ¦ ¦ on / o- thousand shares at £ 1 , 000 each , IF these parties possess , or bo supposed to possess , ' real property of tlie value of their respective shares , they can forthwith make and issue TSank-notes ot the nominal value of onp million of pounds sterling , although there may not bo amongst the whole of

      them even the one-thousandth / ' part of ' this siim-iri gold . The bank-notes , however , . '' . im ' ply . that they may at any time be exchanged for gold at . tho bank from ¦ whence they -h ' avp been issued ; and they are taken by the public on this security , dlthough . it is almost universally known that there is never in the coffers of a bank one-half tlio , quantity of gold wliicli would . be required to cash tho notes . issued . Itis supposed that thero is in the hands of the pro - prietors real capital or created wealth which will , at » iny time sell for the whole suni issued by the bunk ; and hundreda of persons : daily deposit their hardearned savings in these banks oh a socurity wliicli ^ in innunicraole iustauces , has been found utterly worthless , and the failure of which has brought ruin and '' ¦ ¦

      beggary on thousanus . . . ; • . When the bank commences operations , a farmer or : tradesman , yvhether with or without property , can , if of good credit , get an advance of bank-notes from tho bankers . For the uso of tliesp ; . notes he gives to the bankers a suhi varying from fiv « to ten pounds per hundred " on -tho . ' ulpnoy borrowed , according to the time tho money is kept by him . Thus , if-a man borrow the sum of i . 100 for a twelvemohth , at ten percent , interest , he pays to tho bankerj at the expiration of this time , tho sum £ 110--theroby giving £ 10 more than he received . According to the number of borrowers tho bankers have in this manner , they become more or less i-ion ; iandL if a capital of £ 1 , 000 ^) 00 bo fully employed , at five per cent

      , per annum , it will yearly bring iti tho sum of £ 5 , 000—and this , too , without labour of any kind on tho part of the move proprietors , and with very little deterioration of the original stock ! Theporsons who borrow the notes—whother ^ tradesmenor speculators— 'set other men t 6 work by means of tliis money , or buy commoditiea with it at a low price and sell them at a high price ; and thus , no matter whether it be by giving a low price for labour and selling its produce at a high price , or . by purchasing commodities cheap and selling them : d 6 ar , the tradesmen and speculators are not only enabled to give tho banker £ 110 for the ± ' 100 borrowed ¦ from liim , but tlioy are also-enabled to live in . affluence with a little or no labour oi ' thftir own .

      Here it is seeui at a glance , how it happens that such enormous , fortunes—such millions and halfmillions sterling—are acquired bymen who originally possessed nbt . oue . penny , and who have never produced real . wealth , of tho value of oiiq farthhig . Such is the system of banking—such is tiio inanner in which this , system ; benefit ? those who make the medium and . these who borrow it ; and . this / mbdb of creating and using , money is , alone sufficient , in denance alike of trades' combinations and , political changes , to ¦ keep the working class the slaves of the capitalists uiitll'dyomsday .

      • •/ ¦ •• , - - m - . ••¦ ¦ ¦*• ¦ - Daily experience , apart from any rcaspnin" on tlit s-uji-ct ,-toacheg -itll intn ' ths . t ' the -power ¦ < $ tii ' c e-ii-Luti ^ -ts does not a » h < e- - -fi ' o"in : j- '; y .- injvital . or ' i . hv-Mcui « i ' .:--cnoriiy poi «;^ ou . by ¦! ::. ' = vlnsa oycr oi-Ul-i . l : ^ . -o .- ;; ! br . rvs ; t _ L- ^ iy : vu is . i . 'li ' 5 . i i . i i ! a . toi-i ' jiir . i . \'( iti : c : c ^ i iiiiiit ) higher aUriumt ; . ; oi' cxUtcnce . l i ' -- t . v

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      arepowerfijleiniply because they aro possessed of money—the representatiTo of the thing ? which the \ 70 rkm 5 classes have produeed--for this / money always enables the capitalists to command eiTerythirig which is repiresontpd by it ; Thousands : 7 : * pf instances are on record of men of rcry meagre capacity commencing > nd carrying oh immense bU 8 iuesis , ahd growing enormously rich , simply by . meaii ^ -: of .: borrp ' wih £ ' the ' 'rcpresenta . tiv'o- ^{; nrf £ (^/ vU ; ' > ing jt , too , from parties afterwards proved to have been as destitute of real wealth as the borrowers themselves , ivere ! But tho whole of the wealth acquired in this manner—the per centage of the banker as well as the profit of the tradesman and speculator -r-cornes entirely from the productive classes , and is obtained from them by Incans of liiiBqual exchanges . The present system throughout . affords the capitalist every possibl * facility for preyingupontheprodHcer ; for it is a Vile compound of conventional usages which enable him to grind , without ceasing ,. the face of the working man . are power ^ leiinply because t ^ > nnhov _ ti , ^« - ^ : »^* i . ^ „<« itf iu : ^_^_ i .:. i . ^ i ..

      Not content with thus plundering the- ' . producers 011 all sides , the capitalistsj with a refinoment in cunning until recently unknown , have actually succeeded in making the working class tho willing instruments of their own degradation . As banknotes have always professed to be exchangeable for gold , and are ever going back to the bank for such purpose , it is apparent that every bank must . havo a supply of gold adequate to meet these minor demands . The greater the number Of banks , therefore , or the ' larger the amount " -of their papri- issues , tho more necessary is it that a considerable amount of gold ' .. ' should be ' at hand to meet cimorgeneios . The great body of the producers work ' for weekly ' wages , which are : paid in gold or silver ; and as

      many thousands ot them do not consunio nil that they thus- receive , there will be a residue left on hand to bo used as occasion require .. The incessant hoarding even of one shilling a wecltj by a few hundreds of thousands of pcriions , will in the : course of a year amount to a considerable sum ; and . as this is drawn'from tlie eirculation , the stocks of metal in the banks decrease , and the bankers find it difficult to meet the demand for coin . There is in the United Kingdom a government bank , called the Baukof ¦ England ,. which may be -regarded ' . as tlio great fountain from ' whence the other banks derive then golden stores . The bank has ever snffered , in common with oilier ? , from any deficiency iii its

      amount of gold ; and to remedy this inconvenience , and at the sametimo iucroiso the profits of ihe bank , and give the Government a better hold upon a discontented population sorao cunning brain devised a . '" Savin--j' Baiik " -a triple . engine of power 1 . 11 tho hands of Capital and Despotism . Through the instrumentality of this invention , tho coffers of the bankers receive back the specie almost ; is fast as it is token from ' thorn—the' government bankers extract a largo vevenne from tho . productive classes by allaunng the capitalistsio ma ' cezrse of their money —and the Government itself holds , as it were , so many golden chains- to bind men to it and to the existing order of things .

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      THE WEST LONDON DEMOCRATIC ASSOCIATION , MARYLEBONE . To the Associations of Great Britain , for the ohtuinment of Universal Suffrage . It may be said tliat there is a charm evenin the name of Poland , and that there is not a . bein £ of any liberality of feeling thatdous not associate with the name of that devoted -country , a recollection of her noble generous , . and patriotic suns . From the polos to the equator there is not . 1 pooplo to whom tlio aimals of PolanU ; tho < lcej > suhorings of her ilcfcnuers ; their ardent . ivspmitious for -liberty ; their patriotic exertions to obtain it—lo-jethor with the long career of niisfortuno and misery , that despotism has inflicted oil ' s once happy and united lund—but is pointed out as affyrdin--tho . 'brightest palest in the history of nations . 1 W

      successtifi—tho most glorious stimulant for future atruggjiea against oppression ; l * r misfortunes—a beacon to tho ciiskiv » . il ; her resentmeut—an luhuuintion to despots never to be forgotten . That . Poland ' s woes will coose—that she will again be free , and assume her former isnpprtaneo—that her enslaved . aud divided millions will be again united and formed into ono grand and glorious republic , with / all H 10 blessings of civil aiid religious liberty , is as certain as ths mutations Of the seasons ; and that this will be acceleratea by the present nioveiuent foi-Univorsal auffrago no one can doubt—it will bo t ! io interest and duty of emancipated Britons to fKiteriiiao with the oppressed ; and one breath of our freed and powerful millions shall sweep tj-iiints from the Burface of tho . earth—tho ro-. establisluuent of PoLond must be t ! : o natural consequence of Universal Sufii'age becoming tho rule of our land .

      For a number of yed , rs past ^ thougaads of unfortunate Poles have been , by the iron-baud of despotic Russia scattered throughout tluj world , aeeking suelterand protection . Men of the greatest takut and virtue , and of thp niost-exaltwt sentiments as philantbropists , philosophers , or poiiticiiins , have thus been sowing the scoas of republicuuiom in every nation in Europe . That their country ' s freedom will nt no distant date be achieved , and her aLxteen millions of -white slaves enmncipatecl ; is not looked upon as a chimera by- this ^ allaftt band of sufferers . Joined to an ardent love of their country , hope / leads them ' on to happier tinies wllen they once more will be restored to the home of their fathers , and - ' again have their hearts gladdened by their wiyesi and families . ¦ ¦

      ; feuchuro the wron / s and hopes of Poland—such are her sons--and iOremost among t ) 10 bravest and best stands the unfortunate , tho persecuted Beniowski-a man whoso name and deeds toe honorably engrafted on the annals ofrhis country's history ; esteemed , wherever kuo > vn , as a patriot , and honoured by the confidence of thousands ; 4 f Chortista ^ in the metropolis , equally as by that of many meiubers of the Gonyention .:, When the barbarian hordes of Russia crushed young liberty m ^ oluna , and the disastrous consequences of her downfal were made manifest to the worldthis

      , country raised its voice sb strongly in benalf of the refugees , that even our mean , vile , and prpflwate Govemment was compelled to jhate . a grnrit for their pr 6-tectioni From ten to fifteen thoxisand pounds ' are ^ annuallj Toted for the refugees iii tkis country , by the voice of- ; th « people . But however much our Government may sometimes . applaud liberty and patriotism abroad , it is but too evident that it is hateful to it at home . Ihis has been lately made clearly manifest in the treatment shown to Major Beniowski , by stopping his pension— £ U >) a-yciir . ' : .... *¦??**

      What-., it will bu asked , had Beniowski done' what hemoua . ottencc hnd ho committed against our laws ? Why—he had testified his ^ ratitudo to the hard-working , toil-worn peoplo of this country , * y exercisnxr his splendi ^ talents in their behalf—writjng and speakinj in . behalt of those from whom essentially , aUhou . h in ; directly , he receiTed his pension ; he had expressed his opinions against the lhinions of » 60-irernment that liad shown by its actions the most deadly : hostility to the poor .. pus , and no moro ,: wa » iho offenco of Beniowski ! Wark it ye labourers of England , foryottr resent-^ f J ^ ^ y « P roud "iiddle classes of tkis cbiihtiy and blush that such things « an be committed ; without there being-one of yourrepresentatives honest euoiS to impeach the despot that dared , ia contempt or a sacred vote in Parliament , to commit m act eoSan so vale , so . cowardljvas to plung 9 an unfortunate SS 1 ^ WS ^^ S *^ : ^ ^; othorofence i £ nS cating - those principles in cim

      m- ^ tn ^ oUyo ' W ^ mm ^ m ^^ for a few frienda , . ^ ronid now be sufFerin ^ an th « w m : mmm gling , that they art igliJctSRfS ^ ' £ - ' v StruScontinually comphinihg vet " unrin ^ - mindl ^« cev immM 0 ^ s 3 ure starvefSSrXof tnV ^ ' ^ iS tbat ^ truth of this as ^ er ^ T ^ 1 - ° PI ) re 8 aor 3- To tho posed to inm S tno prj StSi ^? ^ ' amplo : testimonv- ™ tSfBSS . % ?**? ™ lVbear ^ mr ^ i ^^^ mm ^ bc ^ on ^ S-t ^^ S ^^!^ ¦ l s ^ t

      ^ ^ i ,, - .: > :, ; : ; :, "T - t ; ^ - <* t s Of mi . * , . ^ ma ^;;; - ; - , ^; : tl ^ ; ^^ . ^ ta -fe ^ , ' .: (> , /„ -.: ¦ " iJi !! ' ^ wry . you'Sv ; : ; ( - ; ,, -- ¦ flO ; a b" - ' rt , if -.- ^ . '• - - •• - .. 1 . 1 1 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ . lor .-wia 1 OJI ^ . * ^ . 3 i ^ - * svv :. raVil » M WUr . i ,. tuiit . uiovrEi .

      Untitled Article

      beyond the reach of the sneers and persecution of those who aa ^;( wnraoe and ylrtue . That you will promptry respond ; to this call is the fervent wish of " eTerynieini berof tfie AsSOcifltion from which it emanatea ; Signed on . behalf of &e Association ^ : ¦• . - " ¦ ¦¦ . ? ' :.- ¦ " ¦ ' ' ¦ ¦ ¦ " . "' . '¦ - : : v- ' .: ' -:: '¦ % -r THE- - Committw ^ : B , Harris , Jun ., J ,: Annear , ; — - Jordan , > -. jyiory rison , J . Godwin , Payn , Hammond , Terrj-, Esaing tonVF . Morrison , Hodges , Browny teach , Smith , Farree , Ross , Barrit , ; Brtoti , Carda . ¦ " : V S * •" : . /¦ . '" - ¦ 6 . Goodwin , Secretary . ' : ¦ ... ' . . E . HaSLius , Treasnreh ^ Subscriptions received at th ^\ Northern Star . offioe , Leeds ^ j and . atthe Charter office , 16 , Catherine-street , Strand , London , . : ' * September 0 , 1839 . beyond the reach of the sneeraand p ewecution of tTin «»

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      Gonyention Room , Xondon , Sept . 10 , 1839 . \; v SiRS . v-Correctness in many affairs , i believe , y ou will ( acknowledge > to be essentialin ail men ; hut espeqaUy in those who are pkced , either by themselves or their friends , prominent in public . affairs . Jlany readers of your Taluable journal , On perusing tho proceedings of the Convention during the past week , inserted therein , will perceive the report of a sub-conimittoe appointed to examine the missionary accounts of several delegates ; . aiapng others , myself and Mr . Cardd . Thi conteniptible insinuation against the- latter gentlemin , centained therein , and not agreed ; to by all the ^ commit tee ^ ' ITea ' ye him to combat with but the report sajs that I maue a charge . for time , ' : % bich the committea would not iillow ,: arid from the rciiiarks i : inade bysdBw member of the Convention during , the debate which

      ensued thereon , it inight be supposed I had made . sonW exorbitant and unwarrantable : ' charges . ; The simple facts are these .: —Mr . Cardo and myself were appointed by the Convention to attend : the trials at Warwick We were absent a fortnight and two ; days ; : and on pur return ,. after the Convention had separated preparatory to tlie-12 th . of August , we fouiid that all tte-delegates who had been sent into the country had been allowed , ia audition fb . their coach , fare , £ 4 for the fortnignt they . would be absent tomcet extra expenses .. I merely charged the same aiuount for the time : I had been absent , -, out of which ; l had to pay all those extra expenses of board and lodging consequent on trayening : I only placed myself on tlie-same footing as . other ilelegates sont out This is the charge for : time which the committed reported they disallowed , but -which , -when brought before the Convention , was immediately ordered to be paid . ¦ ' ' . " '¦•¦ : ¦ ' . :: ; ' ,: " : ' ;; : :-: ... ¦ ¦ ' / ' .

      Allow mo , Sirs , to say in addition , that as much as has becniaid in the Cbnventioni and elSQwhere , by certain delegates , as to the great , alid-Vat the same time , loose expenditure Of the money On . the ' trials at War--wiclc , Jir .-Cardo and myself are quite free from all blauie on that head , ( if , . 'indeed , any real cause for complaint existed , which I deny , ) inasmuch as though we were unanimously appointed by the Convention to conduct the business of the trials at Wanvick ; by the intenncudling of ono or two delegates in thoir individual capacity , after the Convention had adjourned , we had nothing whatever to do with expending , the nioney sent

      down for the defence of the prisoner ; we . were only tha mediuiu of conveying tlie money to the gentleman rwl » expended it , Mr . GUest , of Birmingham . This gentl « - nuui , I am prepared , however , to say , expended no more than was absolutely nec&sary , -was paTticularlj careful in seeing all bills correct before he paid theni ^ aud has given to -the Gonyention a satiafactory account of all monies connected with this business .- Dr Tay- > lor , Mr . Cardo , Mr . Lovett r : and Mr . Collins can corroborate vli-. it l have said in this particular . Deeming it but justice to myself to state ihese facts , : w ithout ' indulging in any personality ,

      . . Iain , Sir / ¦ - . ¦¦ ¦ Your obedient huiiible servant , KOJiEET HARTWEtL , Member of CQuYj-ntion for To \ verHanilets .

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      - . . . ^ .. ' "^ rw *******^** ,. - K&J"W' ^ T ? F babley , hanied Eroyidenoe % 1 aI ' * n ° T grownS wi Piece ofland belong ^ ^ - Saniuel J 3 arnes , of Westbury . It is of a very prolific nature , One corn of it lias this year pro duced one hundred and forty stalks , and the wfiole cf , iV 5 lece ^ Hvfully average half that number of stalks irom all the corn so ^ i . ¦ ¦ :-.. ¦ - - ; The Sp anish - Intelligence continues to be TerV ^^ stl 5 S- ^ ryday brings Recounts of fres h de ^ sertions irom th 0 -rreteuder' 3 army , and additional success of ^ l , o queen ' s commander ^ , lie SSe of Biscay and Guipuscoah ^ -o declared for the Queen - ^ spartero having at lengtli gnai-anteed , in his treatv S l ! ^* « W

      pm- ; abrogation of wnich flag of rebellion 111 . the . Nortiliernprovinceg : ' « nSrH t ? S - ^^^^ There is a system purg ed "r ^ the German dominions of Austria , whi ^ h has been attended vvith singularly beneficial' results , " diffusing knowledge amongst the workin g cHss ^ and , m fact amongst the ^ pcopk i ^ Seral / No village is without its scliool ; and ^ each ? scS finder | sm ^^ s&p | ii i ^ i ^ liiS ISSf ^ at care , and soldat a lowprice , cabhf - ftv -W - r ° * % *»> ^ throughout 4 e § cabtrito the country . ; May we not j-elrit to thw system , that crimes are of fttfr ^ aw v ^ , . a ^ w-J *~ Q 0

      llSd ^ ^ ??^ ftli 0 enmii bfHapsburgM lio ^ ' ? counted a disastrous : year ; so far as pnb-Tnac ^ a ^ Yip " - ^ ^ ' - t > fP exeoutions ^ ke UuS ^ S " ^ ^ ° ^* twelyomouth , 2 £ ° S ^ we may ask r is the school * master abroad to go rich ; a jmrpose ? : ^ * kS | vJ ?^ 4 M ^ 5 ^ ^ the Precincts ^ and : liberties of Codrtw £ w ^ ^ ^ seinbled on Tuesday s at the 'ffi ^ ^ Wellelose Square , to hold the usually ¦ SS a l 0 SS 1 Qn ' » > vten - ^ --BnrtidU , the ^ ^ Chairman , : " « 9 rme ( i the : persona -yviux : attended to be sworn in as jurors .: 4 hat there was no business before the vpuit , ihis Ayas the eightH maiden Sossion ; for tho lovrer precincts and liberties are included vrithin m junsdiction of the Central Criminal Court , and there is no : good reason whV ^ the form 6 f 1 ' owtirbessions . should- bo kept up .: ¦ ; . ¦ . ; :, ' ¦ " .

      $ ^ - ft ¦¦ ¦ .. •¦¦• ¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦ . * . ¦*¦¦¦ : ~ . ¦ ' ' L . - - - . bo . ME op tlio Paris jdurftals have discovered a ternole enmo pu-thp part of the King of the French it . 8 Cfai 3 . that-. ; somo .. ; time . . ' 8 in ( Se . his Majesty received an ^ l-, nypy froni ^ tho American TemperanceSbcietiea , vuwcame . to represent not only the pernicious effects pt spints ^ but the diabolical results of" wine-bibbing , ihe w orth y'Envoy / -wrote homQ that the King of the ii ' uich-. was a detided enemy of wino , and very anxious for the decrease of . its consumption even aoroad , -- ? ' ^ , . ; : ¦; < ; ; : '¦¦' ;;; ¦ . '""¦ " . ¦ . LoxGRyiTY .-rA-vvoman of colonri named

      Marie-> Mar-aerjto . Charles , ; died Lately at Neuillv , having attained her . ouahundred and : twelfth year without ^ S .. experienced any innrinitv Vluring / her ; loug ite . . bhe was an African by birth , was purchasod by t heMarquis de'Coeheletj and taken to St . I > oinsngo ,. \ vh . ere she was entrusted with the care of his c :,. iidrc-ii , and came t > France at- ' -tlia time of the rfr Moti on lafhatisfcud . Herehcr master js ; avo 1 ;?? i ; ^'^^ 'j ffi . and : ¦ - ¦ ' pension for lifb . -Dai-ing tl " lM i ; V ^ s he jns lived , at' KoiiillV } uiucli ^* - ^ cuim by all her i :, i-hU ^ rc ,

      G^C Rit $I Fye 3'0r«G. I = I S Pirit Ci Fi)? ^R&Lt;^0.

      g ^ C rit $ i fye 3 ' 0 r « g . I = I s pirit ci fi )? ^ r <^ 0 .

      The Banking System.

      THE BANKING SYSTEM .

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      DURHAM CHARTER ASSOCIATION . On Sunday last , Mr . George Binns preached asarraouon the Sands , to a large aiMGnibkil'e of people , on the sins of the church . £ 1 03 . CM . was collected for the Comity Defence Fund .. .-Mr ' ... IJinns will lectnro , wo ' hear , near the Life Boat Iionso , on Suu'diiy afternoon next . Wo understan ' . l that the Reformers of Sundevlaad , of all classes , intend g iving- a public tea in a short time to . Mossvs .. Williams and Biuns for their untinug zeal in the public service . The " Co-operative Society" will , wo hear , have a soiree in a week or two , in conKcqiicnee of their rapid progress iii tlio work of co-opcrntion .

      . SuNDEnLANp .- ^ -On Sunday hist , Mr . Janits Williams delivered a lecture , On the duties of the people at the present crisi .-,. in a moht masterly and eloquent J ?? ! ^ oxposiii-j and powerfull y uenouncing the Whig reign of terror , and recommending the inmie-Uiate .-establishment of co-opfcrative ostablishments on the principlco of productioii and distribution—the oi ; ection of a people ' s hall—the further enlightenment of the public miivd . oiv tho great prhiciples of democracy , and tlio necessity of uiiion Tor that object . ¦ Ho was listened to with tho greatest attentioi ) , and elicited the repeated plaudits of his numerous hearers . Wo regret that wo shall-be deprived ' of Air . _ Williams' invaluable service . 3 at oUr ' public nieethifcs for the present , at tho urgent request of his medical attendant , he being very much impaired in health ; bnt his exertion in' ytiier ways v . ill , we are assured , not bo "wanting to advance the movement .

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      ""•^ fV ^ ft ^^^^ yJ ^^ , ^ . . TO THE EDITORS OF THE NORTUEIiX STAR . Gentlemex , —I have read Mr . O'Cenitor ' s accotint of his tour through tlie several cities , . towns , ami villages of Scotlandi aiwlliis- ' sp ' eeeli to the inliabitants of Dundee , r . speech that . spealcs to his honour , his kaovFledge , and his sincerity in the popular cause . But yet with all Ida taleuts ,. and aU his . knowledge , he still omits proposing or setting a-going , 1 plan to collect th » one thing needful , that is money . If Mr . -O'Connor and a few more of the most influential members of the Convention would turn . their , attention and exert themselves to tlu 3 point , there -will moro : good coriie out Of ittviim altiiough . they and ttc people would continue to talkfor years to come . Let them lay down a working plan : for the working men , such as tho trades , to form taemselyes into' small societies , ' consisting of ten o » twenty members , each member to pay such sum as ha may find convenient ; the society to last one twelve nionth and eachinemlier to have tlie powerVto withdraw his money , or let it remain as he thinks rich * > eyond the twelvemonth ; It is niy opinion , if such societies were formed and entered into-sfith spirit thai there would be hundreds of thousands of pounds at the working men ' s disposal , before one twelve month was expired , and that money to be tdl kept in . cold' and 81 -151 , — Cn ft m ! sht bQ ^ id of the Chartists M it -was wita the wise -virsin ^ tliey have oil in their lamps , and ready to cntier and tako , possession , of their' iong withheld rights . This being a grand moral plan ; it -will attract the attention of the Goyernment ^ it will make thehigher orders treinbla with fear—it wUl put at defiance the soldier , the policenian , tlie lawyer , and tha liangman . By giving this a place in your valuable journal , you Ayill much oblige :

      Yours , a Constant Reader , ROEEKT IJOJJERTSON . Dunfermline , flth September , 18 S 0 . ^ . . t , ^ , f- ^ " ^ ennlino people are in great want of talented men to come and bestir them in the good cause . \\ ewere previously disappointed at Mi O'Connor not gmng . us his countenance—he went round and round us holding 11 s in anxious expectation ; the very authorities were . stepping into houses , where they never used to pop their heads before , anxiously enquiring if Mr Q Connor > vas coming to town , and when ; they seem to be afraid because hois greater-than themselves ; W axe not all lukewarm in this great and just cinse Golr 1 ^ ^^ DVett ' : ' ¦ ¦ *?? bslTebeea taken into consideraon , and . two pounds haye been granted for the use of their families , I trust such brave patriots will : survivJ their mipnsonraent , and that thepeopleI ' - ^ ii be ready to meet an 4 embrace them , not with empty pockets but with hundreds of thousands of pounds , so that they may step out of aprison intoa palace .

      To The Ed1t0bs Of The Nortiieen Stab. I

      TO THE ED 1 T 0 BS OF THE NORTIIEEN STAB . i

      Untitled Article

      '' C' ' TO THE ELECTOK 5 OF YORKSHIRE . ll fiy T f acres of land in England . - Give for the -ralue to the leads of families of tvro millions one-fourth of 6 „ THE NQBtilE ^ , ; , , ^ - : : --. : : ¦ /• :. ; , : li \>^/^ - ^ rM ^ TO THE ELECTOES OF YORKSHIRE , acres of land in England . - Give for the ^ lne to of - » t _ t ' r > Tiio-hr . iri . nPf-. Tr . iUoa nt ?*»•« t-sh . ' ^ c ^^ A ^ ti , ^

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 21, 1839, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1075/page/6/