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Northern Star (1837-1852), 20th April 1839, Edition 1 of 1, Page 6, ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE.

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      ^^—~ I > ¦ ¦ I ' ¦ ' " ' i-W «^——¦ I M' ^ . III'M STATE OF . POLITlCatiFEELlNa . ENGLAND . The West London Radical Association , fceld its Hsial weekiy meeting on Wednesday evening Mr . Peat in Ae chair . A considerable aeces-^« was raana to the numbers , snd a liberal subscription for the National Rent collected . In feet , the prosperity of this Association has far exceeded the-most sanguine expectations of its friends . ; Dr . Taylor amended , aed gaye s ^ ery satisfactory , -account of bis mission to Birmingham . Three ' tfelerares were appointed to attend a meeting on the next evening , at the Running Horse Duke- ; Btreet , Graevenor-siissre , to form a Charter -Asso-, xaat ion . — Cftarler .

      Newcastle . —A public meeting , in . tfce Totra Hall , called by arequisiticn , to which upwards of 'five hundred signatures wtte attached , ia the coerse of twodays— " to take itto consideration the merits and general poKcy of 'Her Majesty ' s Ministers , " tcot place on Tuesday evening week . The Mayor , ¦ J ohn Fife , Esq ., 'in &e chair . Neeer was there congregated together , in the Town ' s Hall , -so large 5 i somber . Strong "resolutions were -passed cou--demnatory of thepoEcy and tyranny of the Whigs , ¦ and a petition to tie House of Comnons , calling on the House to wi&draw their support from the Ministers . The resolutions aad . petition were in "very "stroag language , yet all was .. passed without a ^ dissentiDg'voice , 'aot even * fflfng wasto be found to eipre « a-trtSril ib favour-of'ite ruling faction .

      Cboc tox . —! kt the vestry ^ meeting on Easter Tuesday , a resolution was acsnisionsly come to by the inhabitant . * , to instruct the Town Commissioners to oppose , by &U the legal ^ neins in thesr power , the ¦ in troductkra of the "Liberal Police Bill" into the Croydoa -district . CusiBHHi , and . —During the lest few weefo , ¦ upwards > of two thoasand -addiriocal signatures to the great namber already-sent to the Convention , lave been obtained to the - "National Petition ; : indeed , it only reqaires " 4 he principles thereia-con-i tained-to be proraalgated , especially in the'rural districts , -to gain tbe geseral support of the people ^ Two delegate ? , J , B . Hanson , of Carlisle , and Charles 'Smith , of Wigton , beM public meetings in the towns of MatypTt and-WKtehaven , when ; tlie Natrond Petitioa -and People ' s Charter were-tmammoasly adopted , -ead the former is now in the

      course of signature is these * p laces . They exe-also establishing Associations for tie purpose of forwarding the cause of tbs people . Nothing has tended more to aroose tbe -people to a sense -of their ¦ importaaee and duty , ^ than tbe very powerful lectures of a Mt . Me Bean , of Edinburgh , who has teen lecturing ¦ fcere and in all the nei ghbouring tomi * and villages , to crowed audiences , on the five Radical pri 3 o ; p ! ei < , "the Rights of Man , the present position of the' Government , and 'the prospects of the people -of this eonnuy . Hissabjects have been varied , but'ic a ' . l he strongly promulgated the doctrine -of the greatest possible happiness to the greatest natnher . His original manner of treating all « iVjecfs which have come under his observation , end his'fervid and impassioned eloquence have made a < deep and lasting impression on the minds ef hi * numerous hearers . Bet what is

      still more 'laudable on the pirt ef this humble individual ^ fer -we understand he is only a-poor man ) is , that he has , intnacy places , succeeded , after hie lectures , in establishing Radical Associations . "We consider him a most useful agitator at the present time . The petition against the Poor Law , recommended in the Northern Star , has been copied and widely circulated , and is now in ¦ course of signature . WESTafCBY . —Teiumph of the Chartists : Thrashing of the "Piivsical Force " "Whigs a-nd-Tories . —Oa Tuesday week , one of the largest meetings that ever took place in West-Tjury was held in the Market-place ef the above town , when 3 Ir . Tucker , treasurer to the Working

      Men ' s Association , introduced to them Mr . Samuel Porter , Jan ., of Beth , and in doing so-said—Fellow Citizens , —You remember that yesterday I was "faonnd over tovkeep the peace for the heinous crime of having given three cheers for the females during their procession last week , bat this shall not cause me to relax from my dnty to-day . ( Cheers . ) I "have this day been tempted to break my bond , bnt I have the law to fly to , and will not suffer insult or contaffiely from any one . ( Cries of ' ' iravo , " and grea- -eonftision from a party of "Whigs and Tories , which were , mingled with the rest ) I will not take np any longer ef your time , and I hope jou will pay the « reatest attention to my young friend , Mr . Samuel Porter , of Bath , who then came forward ,

      amidst ^ reat cheering , and spoke uearly as follows : — Friends an&E ?«] low Citizens , — "We-cre met to-day in defence of the noblest princi ples for which heroes everfoaght , patriots ever bled , or for which martyrs e ^ er -died . ( Cheers . ) Our forefathers have often taken the field in defence of liberty ; but we are not met to-dsy in arms to advocate the cause of freedom , but we are met with arguments as onr swords , truth as onr shield , and justice is the object for which we are fighting . ( Great eheering . ) We are met —[ At this moment , the greatest confusion was spread-ever the meeting bj ~ . a baad of hired ruffians and others , which had congregated together at one corner-of the meeting , and a . peace-officer struck one of the Chartists : this beeaoe a signal

      for vie . ence , . and in less than three minutes the Market-place besame one pugilistic -eeene . The Chartists were victorious , and eompelled'the leaders of their opponents to take shelter within the walls of the Commercial Inn , where they-guietly remained till toe-meetingdispersed . Order then being restored , the speaker then resumed]—My-friends , I was about to-observe that we are met te-dav to laugh tyrants in the teeth ; and though-they may lave tteir myrmidons at hand to break tfce heads of those that would endeavour to spread political knowledge amongst the politically ignorcnt , and -that w « nld endeavour to show the worfcirg classes lie degraded . posidon in which they are placedthat our . principles are worth disseminetfng— are

      • worth living for—are worth Sghting for—and , if occasion requires , worth dvin ^ for . i ( Cheering . ) He then explained the principles of the-- £ harter , int observed—tha Charter is not in itself the remedy for all . your evils ; it is only like the- foundation stone— something- « a which yoe may buHd . The ¦ Charter-roll prove e . foundation fltone to augend goirernmeDt From-tad government arises-cll our political ills . The ? &w legislate for the benefit of the few ; while the-rfghts of the millions are disregarded . -We are told that we are too igcorant to choose men to loek after oar own interests , lif they thought . so , they wouJJ give ns the Charter to-morrow . ( Hear . ) But-lei them look at the Convention , and there is ^ e lie for taem at once . The Contention

      looked more after the interest * of tfce werkingolosses in eneday iiaathe wtten House of Commoss in . twelve month ? . Tiff Convention ss chosen by the people , is , paid hy the people , and looks after-the interests of the people . This is what a Hoeee of Commens ongbl to be . <;{ Hear , and . cheers . ) JSZsn of "Wertimry , —Will -you stand 5 > y ite Convention , and give them both your moral energies and yacr physical , if reqtired . . ( Cries of " we will . " ) Tie ConTestKraisBjettodemaadjusticeSr the labouring mifc ' ons ; . hat if the Government . Kill nst listec to their . petitioae , JiorgraEtthem tbeir .-requests , but attempt , by force . : tostop cfce tide of political agita- ; lion , thai we . will meet their force hy fcry . ( Load * heere . ) -We will posh back the tempsstuoug

      car-Tent till 6 Tery wave flee te its fountain If they dare to lay their . hands upon tie just representatives ¦ of tie people , then , I say , Up , roatie je , then , je Berry merry asj . " ;( Tsemendous . cheering . ) Justice is oar eaaee , and nndex its sacred banner will we brave all hazards . "What drove tae brare . Americans to ^ rms , bat becaaie justice wss denied them . . ? Whatdrove tte Canadians to arms ? Be-« snss they wees deniedjustice . ^ . nd what will at ¦ leng&exeite Englishmen to arms , Aut because they are deniedjustjcej 1 Wat Tyler is dead—TCiHiam Tell is dead . ; but I trast their nobfe spirits asa yet alive to acimate their ^ orviring bars . Mea of Wesftnry , —are you determined to . set in unison ¦ With , the men of the If orth— with &s men of the South—with the mea of the East—and yaar brethren « f the -Res i , ( Gries of u S es , ye ? . " ; !« iea be assared , the waves that beat npon oar shore shall soon cease to sneosor tyrant ^ and the ; tm that

      « now nsesapon a cation-cf slaves &all soon est u pon a nation of freeaien . Unite , ssd gain political knowled ge ; for onion is strengtii , and insrled ge is power . There feas isan a great deal eaid about the aanner by wfcieh we shall gaisour rights . Believe me , there are onl y two way * by which B-e can gain them . Bv right ec by might z * y reason or b y force . Tjraots may choose ; tut by the God that made 03 , we will hare them bv one or the other . ( Tremendous cheers . ) If they ask us who gave ug those rights , we peint to Him who spread over ns the canopy Heaven ; and we tell ttea that that Being who gave ns thosa rights , has also given na right arms to defend them . ( Cheers , and a voice from the crowd , " You are a brave young fellow . ") M y friends , —I plead guilty to the accusation ; it is true , I am young ; but what then ? I ^ not to 0 ying to feel , and to ba made sensible of « e wrongs iftel ; hntl staud before you to-day to show you that I am influenced b j the same motives

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      iwircated by the same desires as patriots and martys who have ' heretofore bled in the cause of freedom ; and I swear , before God anfi you , my countrymen , tblt this life * while life skall last , shell be devoted 4 n opposition to tyranny , and for the benefit , the happiness , and the welfare of our much-loved country . ( Very loud and continued cheering , ) My frrends , —you have given me your word that you are ready when liberty calls you to be then stedfast to your promise . We have truth and justice on out side . In conclusion , I would say go on , and by year blest example convince the world ,

      Th&t uhtteseT stoHJK of fortune ate decreed , That trtfth and justice shall at last succeed . He then retired , an * dst great cheering . Three cheers were given far Peter Bug * ey , three for the Convention , and rteee- for the champioB of the people ' s ri ghts , Mr . Henry Yinceaf and tSie meeting peaceably sepcrated . The soor Tories , which had received a thrashing at the TOginniug , had been to tbe "magistrate and inforrosd him of what had happened , which so frightened the nervous gentleman , 'that he immediately began sweartHg in special constables , who were just ready for work by the time there was nothing for them to de .

      Kom ! Heen Political'D'niov . —The Ceuucil met on "Wednesday evening , Mr . Tfcomas Hedburn , ! VMe-Presidsnt , in the chair . -The following eubscrip t ions were handed in : —From the coachmafcere , ' ; 40 s . ' 6 d .- ; from Newcastle , collected in the variousj books , £ 1 19 * . 4 d . ; from Sheriff Hill , 3 s . 4 % A . ; j from Tyee Main Pottery , 'is . lOd . Rent , Air . ; Jordan , - £ » . ; atZtfenrfw'Gffice , ls . ; atD . France ' s , ; " 8 « .-6 d . —Mr . Charlton reported that the meeting at : Hovrdec PanR was most encouraging . A large number , chiefly ship-carpenters and keelmen , were present . The landlord of the Queen ' s Head-was ' . in the-chair . A druggistandan « xciReraanendeavoured to disturb the meeting , 'butowing to the moderation and-spirit of the people , thay did not produce the

      confusion they intended . Mr . Ayre moved , and ¦ Sir . Kay seconded , a motion to apply for an additional £ 15 to the Convention , for the . purpose of carrying out the Northern Agricultural Agitation . Mr . Devyr suggested that £ 5 in addition to the £ 5 already in hand , would be found adpquate for tbe purpose . Mr . Watson moved , and Air . Mood y seconded , that Co be tbe sum applied for . On a division , tbe £ o was -fixed on . On the application of the men of £ atfield , Messrs , Hume and Charlton were appointed to attend there « n Tuesday evening , at seven o ' clock . Messrs . Ayre and Muody were apppinted to attend a meeting at Dnnston on Tuesday evening , at haif-past seven . Messrs . Tnomason aHd Devyr were appointed to

      attend at Heworth Shore , on Monday night , at seven o'clock . Messrs . Thomason and Sloodv were appointed to attend at Birtley , on Friday ( last night ) . Messrs . Charlton and Elliott to Elawick and Benwell . On the motion of Mr . Ayre , seconded by Mr . Mason , a committee was authorised to send the pamphlets to Ireland , and pay the expense of carriage . Messrs . R . A yre , John Mason , and James Ayre , were appointed on this committee . A most spirited and interesting discussion tookplaceupenthe expediency or inexpediency of meeting the middle classes in friendly di -Mission , explaining to them the definite meaning of Universal Suffrage , and discussing the justice or injustice of-ihe practical reforms which the people

      intend to ctrry out Mr . John Bl « key stated , that he had that-morning been called ijpon b y Mr . L . Harle , for the purpose of ascertaining these points , in order to see whether there was in reality anything in them that would not be supported by what is termed the Durham party , he ( Mr . Blakev ) bad told Mr . Harle , that Universal Suffrage , meant qualification of three months residence , and twentyone years of age in every man uncoflvicted of crime , as laid down in the People ' s Charter . As to the practical reforms he could notgive aprecisel y definite opinion , but , of a certainty , theynnugtbe vety extensive and bitterly disagreeable to the Placeman , the Pensioner , and Sineeurist , -end Jew swindling Stockholder , this , however , he could say , that the

      change wonld involve nothing which would not be a great advantage to the country in general , and to trade , and the middle classes , 'in particular . Mr . Harle seemed to wish that the people and the middle classes would meet and discuss these matter * over in-a friendly spirit . He - ( Mr . Blakey ) was of opinioc that much good might result from " the discossion as at present the middle-classes were warring against principles and things they did not understand . Mr . Devyr fully concurred in the views and opinions of Mr . Blakey . Mr . James Ayre said , that he would suspect any man who . proposed such a discussion of impure motives , the French working people-had gained a revolution , and the middle classes same ia and deprived them of its fruitssuch ,

      , he doubted not , was the intention of the middle classes of England . Mr . Mason said , that Mr . Ayre was mistaken as to matter of fact and history , the French revolution was a revolution of the middle clasees into which the people were merely brought as assistants , therefore it was thet the middle classes were able to take all the fruits to themselves ; it would be very different in England , Dr . Hume wis of opinion that the middle classes generally were the worst foe ? of the working men , and he doubted not , they made this overture with a view to deceive the people . Mr . Devyr said , that according to tbe views of the gentlemen who spoke on the other side of the question , narrawed itself into this : — " Were

      the leaders of the people able to meet the Whigs in public , discussion or were they not ? " If they considered that the Whigs were more intelligent and could cajole or bamboozle those leaders , then were they perfectly right in avoiding thediscuesion , but if they considered that in the ranks of the people , there could be found men as intelligent as the Whigs , then ought they to meet them at once , they having every thing to gain and nothing to lose by the discussion . This seemed to be almost the unanimous opinion of the meeticg , as it was alatebouf , however , Mr . Mason entered a notice of motion on the books , and tbe subject stands over for discu 3 sion-at the next Council Meeting . The Council adjourned . —Northern liibsxuter .

      Seaekh . —On Monday last , the public of this place were apprized by hand-bills of the arrival of Mr . Robert Knox , the 'delegate , and Messrs . Williams and Batchelor , * of Sunderland . The people Soaked in hundreds to the place of meeting ; and at the hour announced for the meeting , there could not iave been less than . 700 persons present . All classes and both sexes seemed to vie with each other ia tte enthusiasm displayed ; and though some may think such a spirit tame and harmless , yet the strength of the association , the members , who on the spot eigaed the petition , and tbe determination manifested-by the leading meniof this district affords ample testimony of the growing spirit of liberty . The meeting oras severally addressed by the respective gentlemen at great length , and with much ability , and-we doubt not the seed which has been sown there will produce a goodly harvest . —Northern Liberator .

      Seaham . in ffHE Hands of . the Chaejtists . —On Taesday'last , a most numerous gathering ot the people took place here in support a £ the People ' s Charter and the National Convention . There could -not . have been less -than 600 persons present , who listened with the utmost attention to the speakers who addressed them . Mr . Bobert Knox , delegate to the Convention , addressed the meeting in a . long sad powerful speech , which . trill not be readily forgotten by the Marquis ' s best friends . Mr . . Jamus Heaves , of fiunderJand , and Sir . Watson , of iHaswell , afterwards addressed the meeting , and a . considerable number were enrollei members of the . County Charter Association . —

      Sartlepooi .-. —On Wednesday last , the people ¦ of -this place were visited by Mr . Robert Knox , ( &eiCounty delegate , ) Mr . Reaves , of Suaderland , and Mr . Watson , . of Haswell , to explain to them the . principles of the Charter . About mQS people attended the meeting , amosgst which we 'Observed the Magistrates eager . to do the dirty > work of " little Johnny Kussell . " The meeting was ablj addressed by the respective . gentlemen , and it displayed the greatest enthusiasm throughout—Jictl . HtswiExt . —Last Saturday , the Chartists . of ihis place had a . most numerous and spirited rneetiag . They were . addressed by Mr . Rabert Knox , . and Messrs . Eace , Watson , asd Muckleroy , of Has well . At the close of the meeting , a good collection to ithe inndrf cpae j £ ade . —Ibid .

      THOBNiiEy . — On Saturday last , the most crowded meeting ever held at this place was held to hear Mr . Eohert Knox , The meeting was addressed , for upwards of an hour by this gentleman in tbe most impassioned and argumentative speech we have heard for some time . Mr . Bainbridge , of South Hetton , Mr . Redhead , of Thornley , and Mr . Watson , of Harwell , subsequently addressed the people , who are determined to be free . —Ibid . Shiney Row . —On Saturday last , Mr . Robert Knox and JJIr . George Binns , of Sunderland , visited the people of this place , and addressed a crowded meeting of " honest men and true" in support of the Charter . Mr . Atkinson was in the chair , and the utmost s pirit was manifested . We gjjall try if we cannot get a Radical sermon preached here some Of thfcgt | Sundays , to stop the sneers of those who affect to be tte " unco guid . "—HiJ , ,

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      Bishop Auckland . —On Thursday last , Mr . Robert Knox , in conjunction with MeBsrB . Reaves and Watson , the association missionaries , visited this place , and had a most glorious demonstration of public feeling in favour of the People ' s Charter .

      —Ibid . AVCLIFPE . —On Saturday evening , Mr . JameB Reaves , the Sundedand missionary , held an excellent meeting at this place in support of the Charter and Convention . He addressed the meeting at great length , and a resolution was passed in support of the Charter , snd numbers eiirolled their names as members of te association . Tbe linen weavers ol this place arc in a dreadful state of destitution , not averagingraore than 2 s . 6 d . per week !!! In some ; instances tke lives of honest men—guilty of no crime 1 —depends for existence on the -charitable hand of I the jjastor . We forbear saying * ny more about these poor men at present , as we 'understand the County ; Association intend making further inquiries , and ' laying these horrifying facts before the People ' s ! Parliament . — Ibid .

      W « st Auckland *— An out-door demonstration of the good people of this district took place last Saturday afternoon , to -support the movement . There was a multitude of p eople present , warm , and enthusiastic in tbe good'cause . Messrs . Reaves and Watson , the missionaries , addressed the people , and established a numerous'district association . " The people bye andbye will be the stronger . " ShildoNl— Mt . Watson had a noble meeting on Saturday evening at this place in support of the Charter—and suoceeded in forming a good association . The cause rolls on—who can stop its progress ?—Ibid , Sermons were . preached in the Wesleyan Association Chapel , West Auckland , and at Aycliffe , by Mr . Watson of Hasweli , in support of Stephens's Defence Fund . Collections were made , and the sympathy existing for the persecuted patriot is very great . —ibid .

      Mr . Frost ' s Visit to the North . —An excellent letter has been received from this gentleman by a Sunderland friend , from which we rejoice to learn it is his intention to visit the North of England , should the Convention , as is extremely probabls , determine on holding simultaneous meetings on Whitmonday . — Ibid . < Bedlington . —We understand that the active democrats of this village have divided the neighbourhood into districts , for the purpose of facilitating . the obtaining of signatures to a petition against the renewal of the accursed Poor Law . It would be useless , however ,.- for the people in general to make a movement on this question . No good , not the slightest , will be effected for the masses , till the tide of public discontent has thoroughly swept out the House of Corruption . —Ibid .

      Morpeth . —On Thursday evening , a numerous meeting of the democrats of this awakening town , was held in their new Reading Rooms . The meeting was ably addressed by Mr . Wilson , to whom a vote of thanks was awarded for his patriotic exertions . —Northern Liberator . The Crisis . —We have it on the best authority that nearl y all the country banks are contracting their issue , and merchants and tradesmen are drawing in their balance , apparently paralyzed by fear . How much more noble were they to come forward instantly to join the people , in the struggle with the plunderers , and how much more safe the property when protected by the affections of the people than it can possibly be under the guardianship of the blue mercenaries . Once more we earnestly call upon the middle classes to think of their critical position , satisfied their true interests and the people ' s are identical . —Ib .

      The Whig Imbeciles . —At a meeting of the Council of the Durham Charter Association , held in Sundetland , on Thursday evening , the following resolution was unanimously adopted , and a copy ordered to be sent to Mr . A . White , requesting him to support the same : — " That whilst the Council of this Association consider the administration of Ireland , under Lord Normandy , has been characterised by humanity , and , abstractedly , is entitled to credit , yet , as this result has been brought about more by ruling against bad laws than with good ones , it is , entirely dependent on the existence of a mild despot , and not as it ought to be , secured to the people . And moreover , as that administration constitutes the present Ministry ' s sole claims to support , who have had the baseness to employ the popularity acquired

      from this source , to oppose all measures of real reform to the people of the United Kingdom , it is the opinion of this Council that the general conduct of Ministers is necessarily involved in the coming discussion , and therefore it is tbe duty of the people ' s representatives either to abstain altogether from voting , leaving the corrupt factionists to fight till they exhaust themselves , and earn tbe thorough contempt due to their respective measures and cupidity ; or distinctly , and emphatically , to protest against the eontiauanee of the system of humbug and swindling practised by the present Ministry . And also to take immediate steps to expel them from office , rel ying on the moral energy of the people as amply sufficient to subjagate all , who shall dare longer to trample on their rights , or despise their sufferings . "—Ibid .

      National Rent . —Delegate Fund . —The following subscriptions have been received by Messrs . Williams and Binns , from the country Socieiies : —West Auckland , £ 1 4 s . Did .: Shildon , 4 s . —Ibid . Sale of Arms in Mokmoxjth . —Copy of a letter written by the Secretary ef State , and addressed to the Lord Lieutenant of the county of Monmouth : — "Sir , —Having been informed that persons have lately been goiug about the country employed , either as agents or on their own account , in selling arms , not ia the way of trade but witn some mischievous intent , I deem it right to call your attention to the subject , and I request you to recommend to any magistrates in tbe county of Monmouth , with whom you may think it advisable

      to -confer , to keep a watchful eye on such proceedings . I apprehend there cannot be a doubt that any persons combining to procure arms for the purpose of resisting the laws , or for the purpose of committing any act which is deemed by law an offence , are liable to be prosecuted for a misdemeanour . It is , I conceive , equally elear , that any person selling arms , who advises and induces others to buy them for the purpose of resisting the laws , is also liable to be prosecuted for a misdemeanour . Satisfactory proof of such combination , or of such . selling of arms , which of course will be necessary would subject the parties to the penalties of the law ! I beg further to observe , with regard to the use of armsj-or training for the purpose of using arms , that if any person secretly practise training or drilling to the use of arms , they are guilty of an offence under

      the previsions of the training act ( GO George III . c . 1 , ) which enacts , thatall meetings for the purpose of training or drilling to tbe use of arms without lawful authority , are prohibited . And every percon whe shall attend any such meeting for the' psr . poae of teaming or drilling , or of being trained or drilled to the use of arms , shall be liable to be transported and imprisoned . In case of any such training or drilling , the magistrates should take the most prompt aed effective measures for the apprehension of . the offenders . I shall be desirous of receiving , ifrom time to time , any information which you may be able to give as to the state of the county of Monmouth . It is likewise -dcKirable that magistrates should endeavour to procure depositions with respect to any seditious meetingo in their nei ghbourhood , at which any excitements to resist the laws may be addressed to the people . "

      SCOTLAND . ( Feiom the True Scotsman . ) Universal Suffrage Association , Glas-< CCW . —A meeting of the Universal Suffrage Association was held in the Lyceum Room , NelsonstFaet , on Tuesday evening , for the purpose of transacting the ordinary business of the Association , and ¦ receiving from Mr . Moir , Convention delegate for ( Glasgow and Lanarkshire , an address in referenoe to the present agitation ^ and the means ) to be employed for ite speedy and successful ( termination . In the . absence of the President , Mr . Cullen , one of the vice-presidents , occupied the chair . After the

      reading of the minutes , the Secretary laid before the meeting letters from Airdrie , Cumbernauld Lanark , Stiathaven , Kilbride , Hamilton , Stonehouse , and Hutherglen , when gentlemen were nominated as deputations to several of the plzces named . Some other preltiaiaary business was discussed and arranged , when the Chairman introduced to the meeting their worthy representative , Mr . Moir , who was greeted with repeated bursts of applause . He addressed tbe meeting in a long , eloquent , and energetic speech . After which , Mr . . ait proposed a vote of thanks to Mr . Moir , ' and a vote of confidence in the Convention , which was seconded and carried by acclamation .

      Political SoiEEE .-The Dundee Political Union held a Soiree on Monday evening , in the Caledonian Hall . At eight o ' clock , about 400 purgon . 1 sat down to lea , among ivhom was a large proportion of guidwiwM and bonnie lassies . The Dundee band wan in attendance ; and the Chartist , and several eoinio sonjra were sung in the course of

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      the evening . The great ; good humour and uninterrupted harmony of t ' je meeting showed that the excellent and ample arrangements of the stewards were fully appreciated . On the p latform we observed Mr . Barclay of the Forth Chronicle , Mr . Sime from Perth , Mr . Law from Fife , Mr . Adams , Mr . Jamieam Stewart , Mr , Adam Stewart , Mr , James Watson , aud other members of the Union . Above the platform the tri-coloured flag was displayed , hearing the following motto : — " Tyrants may tremble , despots may sigh , their day of judgment is drawing nigh . " Mr . Youngson was called to the chair . Excellent speeches were made , which were much applauded . The proceedings altogether were extremely harmonious , and tbe meeting separated about one o ' clock in the morning .

      Mbeting in the Caledonian Hall . —On Tuesday , a public meeting of the Chartists was held in the Caledonian Hall , for the purpose of hearing Messrs . Sime and Adams in illustration of the principles of the Charter . Mr . James Sauudars , weaver in the chair , 3 Ir . Adams addressed the meeting at considerable length on the necessity of agitation for the promotion of the princip les of the Charter , which be insisted was the only real and efficient remedy for all the national evils and grievances under which the nation lahoured . Ha strongly counselled the Radicals of Dundee to be united , as the want of Dundee taking a lead in the agitation was felt throughout the county . Mr . Sime followed Mr . Adams in a lengthy speech , in which he noticed the different systems of government which

      existed , and their different effects on the happine .-s of the communities over which they are placed . He then went into a lengthened argument to prove the inherent rig ht of man to vote in the election of his representative , as a civil right , to which he is entitled in a place of the natural rig hts which he surrenders by entering into the social compact . Messrs . Adams and Sime were loudly cheered throughout their speeches , and the thanks of the meeting were voted them by acclamation . Mr . Jamieson Stewart then stated that in consequence of the issue of a handbill of an extraordinary nature , by the Dundee Tee-total Society , a number of the members of the Political Union bad resolved to start a political tee-total society ; and- that the Council had resolved to call a meeting of females of the town to form a " female political union . "

      Leven , —A general meeting of the Radical Association was held in the Gardeners' Hall , on 13 th alt ., for the purpose of taking into consideration the now very important state of our beloved country . The vice-president opened the meeting with a very eloquent and eatisfactory address , the cont-nts of which I am unable to give you at present . Mr . James Kilgour and James Dawson , of the Radical Association of Kirkcaldy , next addressed the meeting on the beauty of the present movement , and also the folly of the now nearly " never to be heard

      of" Whig clap trap—showed in lively and energetic strains , man's natural claims for liberty . As you desire your correspondents to study brevity , I need uot trouble you with their speeches . The meeting was well attended . Many females were present , and every countenance seemed to be brightened with satisfaction and delig ht at what fell from the speakers . We have upwards of two hundred in our association , anxiously wishing and praying that the cause may prosper ; and that you may enjoy long life in the glorious cause you have embarked , is the sincere desire of your faithful friend .

      Chartist Association at Laugs . On Thursday , tbe 4 th instant , a deputation of the Kilbirnie Political Union visited Largs , for the purpose of forming an association for the advancement of tbe People ' s Charter , a public meeting having been previously requested to meet in the United Secession Church ( which was freely granted , ) at which there was at least 300 persons present . Mr . J . Malcolm being called to the chair , he intioduced Mr . Alexander Orr , from Kiibirnie , who addressed

      the meeting in a short , but impressive address . Mr . Thomas M'Queen , of Barkess , was next introduced , whose powerful address made an impression on tbe minds of the audience which will noc soon be forgotten , as was evident from the mauner his humourous and sarcastic bits were responded to . The object and rules of the association were then read , and unauimsusly approved of , and many have already subscribed them . Every parish in the North of Ayrshire is now organized for the furthering of the people's cause .

      Whitburn . —The Whitburn Political Union resolved , at a meeting held lately , to make some exertion to get the people of West Calder organized in behalf of the People ' s Charter . A deputation will be sent from our Union to aid them in formiDg an association ; and the secretary was instructed to write to some of the most influential Radicals in that place , apprizing them of the intentions of the Union . This is as it ought to be . Every local association ahould strain every nerve to get the people in the neighbouring villages united ; lor it is only by union that their long-withheld rights can be attained .

      Alytk . —The committee of the Alyth Radical Reform Association met on Tuesday , the 26 th ult , for the purpose of hearing Messrs . Cree and Robertson , as a delegation from the Perth Radical Council . The meeting being constituted by the president taking the chair , Mr . Cree then stated , that owing to the delay of the presentation of the National Petition , the Perth Council had agreed to send out missionaries to the various villages in the county , in order to obtain , if possible , additional signatures to the Petition . After hearing both delegates , committee appointed two of their number to accompany Mr . Cree in canvassing the oue-half of the village , and two to accompany Mr . Robertson in the

      other . The result of our labour next day was an addition of 234 signatures to nearly 600 sent to Perth formerly . The committee also agreed to call a meeting of the inhabitants on Wednesday evening , in the Secession Church , when Messrs . Cree and Robertson would address them on the all-important question of the National Petition and People ' s Charter . It was the largest and most spirited meeting ever held in this place since the commencement of the present agitation . The audience listened with great eagerness to the speakers , when they were detailing an account of their success in the various villages they had visited , and warmlycheered them throughout the whole of their speeches .

      Gatehouse . —We have here been visited by Bailie Craig , who addressed one of the largest public meetings that has taken place in this town for some ypars , on the Charter and Natiocal Petition , which was unanimousl y adopted , and a vote of confidence in the National Convention was unanimousl y voted and signed by the chairman , on the account of the meeting , when a vote of thanks was unanimously voted to Mr . Craig for his able and eloquent address . After which he immediately started off for Creetown , where , in the short space of half an hour ' s notice , a meeting was held in the Town Hall there , which was crowded to excess . Great numbers were

      obliged to stand outside , as they could not obtain admittance , where the Bailie addressed them for about an hour in his usual strain of eloquence , as his time was short—as the people in Newton Stewart were expecting him at six o ' clock . A vote of thanks was likewise given to Mr . Crai g , and to the chairman after which the Bailie proposed the ladies of Creetown , which was unanimously responded to . The meeting separated , after which a few of the most influential individuals of the place formed themselves ints a committee , and adopted the National Petition , when some hundreds immediately signed the petition .

      Bmirhead . — On Wednesday , the 20 th of March , a meeting of the inhabitants of this place was held in the Secession Church , ( Peter Crawford in the chair ) to hear Mr . Craig , missionary from the General Convention . The low part of the house was densely crowded , there being upwards of COO present . After a very eloquent and stirring address from the worthy gentleman , showing the degraded state of the country , and the necessity of rall ying round the Convention , the following resolution " was moved by William Limpidlaw , seconded by Malcolm M'Earlaue , and unanimously adopted : — " That the meeting bdng convinced from the manner in which the Convention has hitherto discharged its duties to the industrious classes , that it is well deserving of their warmest thanks and most cordial confidence ;

      and thus meeting hereby pledge themselves te support the Convention by every constitutional means in their power until the People ' s Charter becomes the law of the land ; and that an address , founded upon this resolution , be signed by the Chairman of the meeting , and transmitted to Dr . John Tayior for presentation to the Convention . " Mr . John Whiteliw then moved a vote of thanks to Mr . Craig , which was warmly responded to . Mr . Craig , in a very feeling manner , acknowledged the compliment paid him , arid concluded by proposing a vote of thanks to the managers of the cfcurch , which was accordingly given . After a vote of thanks to the Chairman , the meeting separated in good feeling and in high spirits , resolved to have Universal Suffrage and no compromise .

      Kilbabchan . —The Working Men ' s Ageocia . tion of Kilbarchan got up an entertainment , consisting of vocal and instrumental music , to raise funds for the furtherance of the grand object of the Association , viz ., Universal Suffrage . It took

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      place on Friday evening last , and was a real bumper ; upwards of £ b was taken , although the price of admission was only sixpence . All the performers gave their services gratis , and tbe utmost economy was observed in all departments . Let this be an example to other places .

      WALES . Newtown Demonstration . —On Tuesday evening week , a large meeting of tbe working claBses , with a sprinkling of the middle classes , took place in the Public Rooms , which werecrowded to excess , upwards ef 2 , 000 being present , whose orderly conduct did honour to tbe cause they seem so anxious to obtain . Some little impatience was displayed in consequence of the speakers not arriving at the appointed hour . At eight o ' clock Mr . Evan Davies ( a working m » n ) wan called to the chair , and stated that a meeting was called for the purpose of hearing the Missionary of tbe Convention , Mr . Hetherington , explain the wishes of that body . He hoped all would be attentive to the p peakers , and assist him to keep order .

      Mr . Powell moved : —" That this meeetmg h ' aving perfect confidence in the Convention , p ledges itself to support it by all the meana it has in its power . " This was seconded by Mr . Edward Jones , and carried unanimously . Mr . Charles Jones , the delegate for North Wales , then addressed the meeting as followa : — Countrymen and Countrywomen , —Your presence here to-night , in such vast numbers , conveys to me a pleasing proof that the cause of Radicalism is progressing among you ; that you , at least , whatever others may say or do , adhere still to your

      princip les—principles which , however they may at present be stigmatised and laughed at , are destined , nevertheless , when all others shall have failed , to rescue our beloved country from the ruin and disfjrace which so portentiously threaten her . ( Cheers . ) Working Men , —What has legislation done foryou ? It has enacted laws by which you are steeped to tbe lips in poverty , and then , as if the cup of misery were not full enough , followed them up by others by which you are punched as felons for being poor . It has called God a Jiar—reli gioH a fraud . ( Hear , hear . ) In the plenitude of its power , it has trodden under foot the holiest tips of

      winyanguinity , laughed to scorn the best affections of the heart , erected dungeons for old age , prisons for poverty , and , as a climax to its atrocities , prepared a grave for honesty , — ( great applause , ) and—God of heaven , when will men learn to love truth for its own sake!—because we will not bow the knee any longer to this monster idol , this destroyer of men ' s Mopes and polluter of men ' s minds , we are called infidels , revolutionists , and I know not what beside . Because we will not accede to theprinciple that the mandates of heaven are less stringenc than those of man , we are branded as outcasts , and the very infant , as it reclines on its mother ' s breast , is taught to lisp our name with the lip of scorn . What does this prove ? That unless all history be a lie ,

      and historians so many dirty knaves , the cause in which we are engaged being a righteous one , necessarily subjects us to misrepresentation and contumely . What was Jesus Christ , the greatest reformer of his time , crucified for ? What , I say , but that bis doctrines were opposed to the corrupt and wicked usages of the people among whom he dwelt , and whose happiness alone he sought ; and yet , notwithstanding hie disinterestedness of purpose , and total forgetfulness of self , he was nailed like a malefactor to the accursed tree . Mr . J . then proceeded to elucidate the princi p les of the People ' s Charter , observing that Universal Suffrage was not only a natural but a civil right—a right which had been enjoyed by our Anglo-Saxon ancestors , and which

      had remained unimpaired down to the time of the sixth Henry . He then took a rapid glance at the New Poor Law Amendment Act , describing it as the most accursed and anti-christian law that ever disgraced the Statute book of a civilized statebeing a direct contravention of the 43 d of Elizabeth , the only Poor Law deserving of the name . From the Poor Laws' he proceeded to notice Lord John Russell ' s rural police system—a system which , rather than submit to , he would peril his life tu oppose . If , he went on to say in a most emphatic manner , Lord John E . u ? sell and those with whom he acts , will by their perversity drive us to the edge of tbe precipice , and if we must take the leap , then hy heaven they shall take it . ( Tremendous

      cheering . ) He here drew a contrast between the state of Norway and Denmark , observing that the former , in consequence of the superiority of her laws , was in a far more nourishing condition than the latter , notwithstanding its superior advantages in point of situation and natural resources , and that both were in a much happier condition than England , with nil her boast-. 'd greatness . After reading ii number of extracts from the Morning Chronicle of 1831 , recommending an armed resistance on Uie part of the people to the oppression of the aristocracy , he proceeded to speak of the Com Laws . It is said , he observed , that an abolition of the existing Corn Laws would better the condition of the labouring population . What is the fact ? What is the

      u-rguinwut made use of by the cotton lord himself , he who is so clamourous that the "damned ( . pot " should be blotted from out the Statute Book ? " I find , " he says , " that in consequence of the cheapness of food and labour in the continental nations , that unless the same effects be produced here , 1 cannot b y any possibility compete successfully with my foreign rival . " This is the gist of his whols argument . And this , that is , reducing the price of labour in the same ratio as that of food , we ure gravely assured is calculated to improve the condition of the working man ! Was ever such absurdity heard of ? He did not pretend to anything of the prophtftic character , but depend upon it , want and suffering have driven the unhappy

      millions to such a pitch of excitation ( if he may be allowi-d the expression ) that their feelings , ere long , will burst fouh , and , "like a long-tailed lion unchained , " bear down all and everything that may happen to stand between men and their rights . To avi » rt _ so direful a calamity—a calamity that is as certain of befalling us as that there is a God in heaven , unless some change be effected , and that speedily too— -what was to be done ? He thought tftat he had irrefutably shown that an abolition ol the Corn Laws would not meet the emergency . What then , he repeated , was to be done ? Reduce Taxation , destroy Sinecures , curtail the Civil List . If these means tail , then indeed should he be content to confesn that truth was a fable , philosophy a lie . ( Loud cheering . )

      Mr . John Owen , a working man , m a long and eloquent speech , moved the following resolution : — " That this meeting do hereby pledge itself to support the Convention iu any ulterior measures which will g ive to the workinjr , man a just remuneration for his labour , and the manufacturer an adequate profit for his capital . " Mr , John Hughes seconded the resolution , which was carried unanimously . Mr . HETHEntNGTON then presented himself to the meeting . He commenced stating that they had met to accelerate the pause which aimed at a full restoration of the social and political rights of the most useful and most industrious class of the community . If any portion of the middle class were present , he trusted h (> should adduce facts and arguments that

      would convince them it was their duty to make common cause with their humble fellow-country men . All good men of every class ef society were now ready to admit that the nation ' s affairs were not managed as they ought to be . Distress was how general ; it was not merely confined to the handloom weavers , but afflicted the agricultural labourers , the mechanics , and artisans , and era long would reach the middle classes , and involve all in one common ruin . Such a . state of things was disgraceful to the civilisation of the age . It was disgraceful to the Christian profession of the country . The New Testament declared that " That the labourer must be first partaker of the fruit ; " and he ought doubtless to have the largest share : it also declared that , " He that will not work , neither shall he eat , " and

      yet the legislation of this country , and the preachings of our religionists , had brought about a state of things in which he that worked hard had scarcel y anything to eat , and he that never worked revelled in luxury and abundance . What was the cause of it ? Some attributed the evils that afflicted society to the Corn Laws , soma to the Currency , some to one thing , some to another ; but the working classes —the victims of the corrupt system—had discovered that these were but secondary causes , and that the great master evil was the monopoly of the power of legislation iu the hands ot" the few . ( Great applanse . ) He then forcibly pointed out the hopeless condition of the sons of labour , in the inevitable effects resulting from a monopoly of the land , a monopoly of the machinery , as instruments of production , and of the still more glaring injustice of the

      monopoly of law-making , as an instrument of distribution . He then , in a very humourous strain , adduced a variety of facts and anecdotes illustrative of the extravagance and wickedness of the sjstem of Government acted upon in this country . He cornbatted the idea that the poor was an enemy to the rich merely because he is rich . The poor man's enmity arose from the fact , that the rich were enemies to the poor man ' s rights . To stri p a poor man of his rights is to strip him of his bread , of his clothes , of his ease , of big comfort , of his power of acquiring knowledge , of hi * self-esteem—HI short ) of every thing that constitutes the charm of human existence . A poor man deprived of his rights is reduced to a more deplorable condition than a beggar . Eyrou has thus beautifully depicted his condition—

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      The most despised , wrong'd , outraged , helpta » s wretch , That bees hid bread from door to door , If 'tis rclUHOd by ono may win it from another kinderhekit ; But he who is denied hi * rights . By thnae whose business 'tis to do no wror g , Is poorer than the rejected beggar—HB' 8 A SLAVE ! What class of society then can we expect to stana prominently forward ' to improve the condition of th » working classes ? Will the aristocracy ? Will the landholder ? Will merchants , bankers , or manu acturerjj ? None of tbeue will apply a finger to relieve your burdens . If the millions are to be emancipated , they will owe it to their own iutelliKence , union , activity , and courage . The millions carried theRefoim Bill , in Bpite ol Lords and Commons ; thev abolished Negro Slavery , in spite of the

      traffickers in human flesh and blood ; they carried Catholic Emancipation , on the principle that , though tliH . v disagreed with the Catholic religion , they would " not tolerate civil disability and persecution , on account of difference of opinion . It is the millions , then , who must abolish church rates and the monstrous Cora Laws , and who must establish an enlightened system of National Education . It is the millions who must pay the National Debt , by appropriating church property for that purpose , and abolish the degrading Poor Law by establishing a labour-rate . Mr . H . then proceeded to show that these great and glorious objects could only be accomplished by the es tablishment of the principles of the People ' * Charter , Universal Suffrage , and the Abolition of the Property Qualification for Members of Parliament . He eoinbntted

      with great force and ellect the objections nrged against these principles , and concluded a speech of considerable length amidst the cheers of themeeting . A vote of thanks was then given to the two delegates amidst several rounds of applause . A vote of thanks was then given to the chairman for his conduct in the chair . In returning thanks he said he felt much obliged for the attention paid to the several speakers . Their orderly behaviour proved tbeir anxiety for the attainment of their rights , and he was glad to perceive from the spirit evinced that they seemed to be unanimous in their determination to have their wishes peaceably , if they could—forcibly , if need be . The meeting then broke up without the slightest disorder having taken place during thu whole time . We are sorry to say that the conduct of the keeper of the rooms—the notorious Blinkborn—was ; ofthat

      di-. scnption that might have been anticipated from his well known character . He delayed the opening of the doors until prudence suggested to him thft propriety of no further prolonging the experiment of measuring the forbearance of tbe public by the ollensiveness of his insolence . —Cambrian Reporter .

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      TO THE EDITORS OF THE NORTHERS STAR . Gentlemen , —B y giving publicity to the followingdistressing facts , in your next number , you will confer a benefit on the public , enhance the value of a useful establishment , and obligo your deeply afflicted . servant , W . COMAX . On Tuesday , March 19 th , Mrs . Dunn , midwife , employed by the Lying-in Society , Co w-hill , delivered my wife of a male child , at about 5 o ' clock in the afternoon , when she informed me there was extreme danger in the case , aud that 1 mu . st immediately call in Mr . Norgate , surgeon to the dbove society , and be sure not to return without him , or some one he might recommend . I waited on that g ? ntleman with the certificate , but he refused to attend , siiying ^ nsMw . Dunn had left , I must p ll in some other midwife , who must wait upon him if wanted . After fruitless appeals , and stating I would pay him myself if he would but attend , I left , and called on

      young Mrs . Elwin , wlio said if she could do anything in the case she should claim the certificate . On arriving , however , she said she could not , nor did she think a doctor was needed , —although my wife was suffering extreme pain . 1 then called on Dr . Ashwell , who attended at about 8 o ' clock : he shook his head , and at once demanded why I did not apply to him before . I told him the case a « it occurred . After waiting some time , he told me to call him at any time in the night should r ckange take place , which being tlw case , I called him : he attended , administered some brandy , but had no hopes of her life . He left at near three o ' clock , and at four in the morning she expired ; leaving me and six children , the infant being alive , to , deplore the afllictiug and irreparable loss . That this may lend to stricter attention , as far a »* regards the abow-named charitable institution and its ofjicurs , and thereby benefit its unfortunate dependants , is the sincere wish of , Gentlemen , Your deeply afflicted servant , W . m . Comas , Peafleld , March 29 , J 839 .

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      THE FUSTIAN CUTTERS AND THE CORN LAW AGITATORS . To Mr . 11 . J . Richardson , represent at We of ( he people of Manchester , in Convention assembled . Sir . —I wish to correct an error into which voa have fallen in respect to you saying the Fustian Cutters had out of despair petitioned for a Repeal of the Corn Laws , I must here state , that abont two months ago , one of the Anti-Corn Law Committeesent for a member of our trade , and desired him to call a general meeting of the Fustian Cutters for the purpose of petitioning Parliament for a Repeal of the Corn Laws ' , and also to form a Working Man ' s Association to co-operate with the Anti-Corn Law men , and they would pay all expenses . A meeting was called in an hole and corner war , at the Princes Tavern , Tasle-streer , when out of * a body of three thousand only one hundred and four attended , and after the petition had been moved and secouded , nn

      amendment was made for Universal Suffrage , and after a long debate , wo came to the vote , when there appeared lor the petition fifty-three , and for th « amendment , fifty-one , so that out of three thousand , there is fifty-three in despair . Rest assured , my friend , the Fustian Cutters ore nine out of ten Chartists , and nothing Ie .-s . We think that to repeal the Corn Laws while our land is taxed , tithed , and over rented , would throw our soil out of cultivation ? and our agricultural labourers out of employ , and thereby make bad worse ; only let the time arrive when our land shall be as free as that of other countries , and then wewill niter those obnoxious laws , and 1 trust every other evil that afflicts onr unhappy country . With respect to the postponing of the national Petition until the coming longer days and wanner weather , was both wise and prudent , and the Convention is worthy ef the country ' s support and best thanks . Yours , with due respect .

      GEORGE 1 'ITTOX . o , Great Mount Street , April 1 st , 1839 .

      Original Correspondence.

      ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE .

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      It is said that the system of imprisonment lately adopted in the army instead of flogging has been the means of greatly diminishing the number of offences . Fall of a Railway Bridge . Wsman KILLED . —Between five and six o'clock on Wednesday afternoon , the railway bridge which crosses Gilmour-street , gave way , and the whole mass of brickwork of two of the three arches , namely , the centre and eastermest ones , came to the ground with a dreadful crash . It was not supposed at thtt time that any person was beneath ; but as a wamaa was that night missed , who it was known had

      occasion to pass that way , a search was made next morning , when her body was found beneath the rubbish , dreadfully crushed . ¦ Workmen had been employed during the day removing the supports that bore up the coombs , but it would seem this had neea done too soon , before the line had taken proper band . The opinion is very prevalent , indeed , that the arch o ught not to have been of brick at all , it being much too elliptical for brick to make a trustworthy job . This opinion has been still further corroborated from the circumstance , that the ring pens , as they are called , or the end rows of the arch , which are of stone , remained standing after the brick part of the arches had fallen in . The person who was killed is a young married woman , named Mrs . Linnet . She had left her house in Mos « -

      Street only two or three minutes before , to call at the bouse of an acquaintance . She has left one child of about a year old , Several very narrow escapes were made , and from the frequency of the passage , the wonder is that not more suffered . One workman was on the arch doing something , when he felt it beginning to give way , and had not been above a second on a place of safety , when all fell in . One woman was just about to enter beneath the arch , when she turned for a moment to look at something , and was thereby saved . A little girl was seen passing through , and a gentleman standing near was about to cry to her to but he suddenl

      run , y reflected that a cry would stun her , and make her look or turn round . He held hm peace and the girl was about a foot clear , when the arch fell . Several others had narrow e . s enpes-some by having passed through , and others , by sortie apparentl y trifling cause , having been prevented from entering . A good deal of regret is felt , and even some animadversion jg expressed , that tfe passage through the arches was not completely stopped when the first symptoms of yielding were observed . Some precautions indeed were taken , hut they were not followed out with sufficient determination , — PdSsley Advertiser .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 20, 1839, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1053/page/6/