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Northern Star (1837-1852), 5th May 1838, Edition 1 of 3, Page 3

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    • IHE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, MAY 5. 1838.
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      Untitled Article

      iiorlx ^ y& . ^ - 'R&IZiote ^ T . "& ** t ^ e -report of her Majesty intending to honour the ball at Devonshire House with her presence , is without foundation . Peel Drxxj 5 Jk ^ -It is said that 310 Members of the House of Commons hav * put down their names to the Peel dinner on . | he , 12 £ h . instant . Iobd DtJBHXit . — = iord 3 > irhain arrired at Portsmouth on Monday evening . He embarked on board the Ha £ tmg * -rm the following morniDg , and sailed immediately , -ssitb a fail wind . The Cou ! TT $ J 3 « € adogax continues indisposed . Her Ladjshij ^ ijCl confined to her apartments : GEKEBA ^^^^ B ^ foitT . —The last accounts from Borne sta ^^ bsf General Bonnnont is recovering from hisBBlieposjtion . -k vriS ^ ixiX'tik ^ iobt says . Art the report * ^__ -irJflZi- iJL »^ sjs . o . ¦>« iuvTwxf . 1- -tVo wi !>(

      XJ ^ TffJ- ^ MT ,. Cockerill , the proprietor oT the firework premises destroyed on the previous Sunday , expired ojr Thflrsday week in St . Bartholomew ' s Hospital , from the injuries he had sustained in effecting bij -escape from the scene of conflagration . TtAi **? r ± . TL . —At a county meeting ! called by the Sheriff , and . held , st Shrewsbury on Thursday week , it was . ; unanimously resolved to construct a railroad from Siat town to . ^ B ^ flSngham , arid ; steps were ordered to be taken to cany . one of" ftie ' plans into effect . B-ij . EAi . Police . —A -rcral police is about to be onranlsed in and around "Sloxham ; Oxfordshire . The resolutions on" the '^ objfeet were adopted \ manimoQ . ^ lv . ~ " ' - '

      . >' ew Poor Law . —In'the Malton Poor Law Union , no fewer than seventeen townships have refused to return Guardians to the Board . A > ew Coach has been started between Brighton and Southampton . It professes to do the distance in six hoars . PkUSCE of Moscowa . —The Prince of iloscowa has written the entire music of a new Petite Opera , in two act-, of which report speaks highly . Death . -Mr . J . J . Ing , the dramatic author , exj ired on Saturday mornins , in his 39 rh year , at his house in Beaufort-buildings , Strand . His works were written under the name of ' Stafford , " but far no particular xeason .

      31 abkiage . —The Brussels papers state that the Belgian Minister of "War is to be married to a sister of Sir Robert Adair , formerly English Ambassador to that Court . Spring 1 ' ashioxs . —The unfavourable state of the weather is so inimical to the introduction of spring fashions , that some of the Mairazine = s say — *¦ For Spring Fasliions see Deeembrr . " Appointments . —Government have appointed one of tbe - < ons of Mr . Leigh Hunt , and the " - eldest = nn uf Mr . Sheridan Knowlt > s io Clerkships in the General Register Office .

      A Bp . axch Railway from Nonaanipior . to the London and Birmingluuu iine is in eoiitenip ' istion . and a survey has jus : been completed by an eu ^ itit . er , wbose report is iavouraLle . Trie cost would probably be between forty and fifty thousand pounds . Dr ? EKTER . —Fr iday , the Hon . Alsernoa Curznn was escorted by a corporal ' s part } -, as a deserter , to his regiment Jyinsr at Chatham . Ms . Hastie , M , P . for Paisley , has been pre senttd by his eonsntuects with a bust of himself , execnred by Air . Fillans , a self-tansrhi artist .

      The Earl uF Essex , it is said , has settled on Miss Srephens , his new Countess , £ 5 , 000 a-year , and the manor and demesne of Cashiobury , for her life . The Countess has two brothers , and p revjouto her marriage disposed of her own property as * sLe pleased , witii the perfect coucnrreEce uf the Eari of Essex . It is a fact that , by permission of the nut'ie lord , the Councess at present writes ali his franks , signinjr them - C . Essex . "" FoKGBKY . —There are at present in circulation a Eumbti of well-trXt ctited forged one pound Bank of Ireland notes , 2 \ o . 24 , 543 , dated oth July , 1837 , ai-u siirncii " VS . Bennt-ti _

      Clekical . — "We understand that the Bishop of Peterborough has filled u > the vacant prebeDdai ?* all , and bestowed ihs favour upon the Venerable Archdeacon Strong , who is above SO vears old . A Pi a Pla-statiox of 30 acres , belonging to the crown , and -situate near the Military College , Blackwater , was destroyed by lire on Friday morning week . It was jirst discovered between eight and nine o ' clock ; and no doubt was malicioiL % * set fire to . — Windsor JZrpress .

      The JilvniteuT officially announces the appointment of Marshal Soult , as French Extraordinary Anib-issaaor to England , on her Alajestv ' s coronation . Aebostatiok . —This science will receive an additional impetus daring the ensuing summer , fjom the bcDc-bing about the middle of May of a vast machine of immense power * , constructed by a number of scientific gentlemen on the principle of MoDigoLSer . Ii is upwards of 200 feet in circumference and 130 feet in hei ght . ! No ascent has ever been made in England wirh a balloon of this description . It is io be called the " Queen ' s Royal Aerostat , ' in honour of our gracious Sovereign , and the first ascent wiil take place at the Surrey Gardens .

      Coroxatio'S . —Some of our contemporaries have takes it upon themselves to announce that the ' Coronation of her Majesty was to be postponed to August , if not to some more distant period . " 2 ^ ow , although -we possess no means of knowing what" is determined at Privy Conncils until the official announcement is made , we do , nevertheless , undtrxaxein n / is is stance , to state , not as a rumour , but a ? a certainty , that there is no intention whatever of posrpoBin ? the coronation of our beloved Sovereign beyond the month of June . If we were , like some of oar contemporaries , to indulge in conjectures on the subject , we should Fay that the 29 th of June would probablv be the dav . —Observer .

      Royal Plate Closet at AYixdsor . —The royal plate at "Windsor is kept in one tolerably-sized room and adjoining closet , and is valued at £ 1 , 750 , 000 sterling ! There is one gold service , formed by George IT ., to dine 130 guests ; seine pieces were taken from the Spanish Armada , some brought from India , Buraah , China , &c . ; one vessel belonged to Charles XII . of Sweden , and another to the King of Ava ; a peacock of precious stones

      valued at , £ 30 , 000 ; and a tiger ' s head ( Tippoo ' s footstool ) with a solid ingot of gold for his toDgue , and crystal teeth ; numerous and splendidly ornamented gold shields , one made from snuff-bos es . value 8 , 000 guineas ; and 30 dozen of plates , which cost 26 guineas each plate . The magnificent silver wine cooler , made ibr George TT ., is enclosed with plate-glass ; its superb chasing and other ornamental works occupied two years , and two full grown persons , may sit in it withoutij * eon . Yenienee .

      Accident . —A coasf-goard man , named Parker , was blown over the cliff at Beachy Head , a few days ago . He had been conversing with a friend a few minutes , before and they bad-parted , when the latter heard ' a scream , and to his astonishment his friend had Disappeared . "Whether from a sudden gust of wind filling the large cloak in which he was enveloped " , or whether from want of caution , cannot be ascertained . Fatal Boiler Explosion . —On Friday ni ^ ht

      week , a steam ooiler burst at the cotton factorv of Messrs . Lane and Sons , in the higher Hillgate , Stoclpori , by which nine persons were dreadfully scalded , and one killed . The mas who lost his lile ¦ was a weaver , named Longbottom , about thirty years of age . Be , was buried ' in the ruins caused by the exoldsjen , end . was . " Jakeh out a frightfully mangled . corpse . TJhe alarm caused by the explosion among . the . hands em ^ iqjgd . in the miB . was so great that several ^ men ^ junked out , the second floor window , thinkiijg Jhe ' bunding was falling .

      SiXGrrLA « Smcip % i—On Wednesday week , a 1 aocroriiKr man in" "Sfc - lieonard ^ s-slreet , Edinburgh , attempted io takehi ^ Kfein the-folferwiBg eitraordinary minner : —MBexhad got from -Ysa' ^ dan ^ hter the key of hi * B 0 n 5 e , wiiehlie « Btef * d ^ -aiul loeked him self va . He tbta . loatfedia Wooden'lube , something like a pistol , into whrch * t « Jc ^* krliijH > een bored , with * hall , whit * h& c * B « riire * -to sbdot into his head . He was taken "to the In ^ noasy , - where hia ¦ case-wag reported -hopdes ? . He- ' feid been in a oepreasfed aate for some tiawpnrrwffiK f

      tSIa or - HieB ' i ^ sp . J lAjL Killed . l £ b ? T $ * $ *** "& JTWemess , when a pSr&i « P " ¦ v *^ '^^ iin ^ inn , Ai driver , 5 Sffi ^ ** *** && $ . %£ inject to mi a ^ l ^ ISS SSS 6 SSS 6 EB 2 S SSSSSfe . S- " - '

      Untitled Article

      "WKETCfcT , T > ST > TE OF THE POLISH REFUofes . —We regret to find that the poor Poles are again reduced to the greatest extremity . We use the word extremity inlts literal sense , for it is nowlife or death wife' those nnfortanate exiles . The funds applicable to the support of those excluded from the beaejitof the government grant are completely exhausted ! " The consequpnees may be easily imagined . Starvation has actually commenced ife frightful process , and many of those brave men , whose heroic valour in the cause of freedom and their country has rung through every corner of the civilised world , " at this moment , in this city of luxury , have not tasted food for two or three days . " ^ RETCf cK ) St > te Polish ^ Befit- git-. s . —We retrret to find that the poor Poles are

      Great Western Railway . —The works of this railway are making considerable progress , both at the London and Bristol ends of thejline . It is the intention of the company to open from London to MaadeabjE-ad in the beginning of Jvrae ; a distance from icrarn , . by the railway , of about twenty-three miles . ; No day , however , has yetT ) een fixed . It is contemplated to open the Bristol etfd of the line as far as Bath in about twelve months . The distance is abont sixteen miles . Mail . —A Weekly Mail Communication by steam is about to commence between Aberdeen and Lerwick in the Shetland Isles . Steam . —A Direct Steam CoiratiNicATioN is about to take place retween London" and Havre .

      Kbndal . —Reported Murder . —The greatest sensation has prevailed in the towns of Kendal and Milnthorpe , and the neighbourhood , during the last few days , in consequence of a well authenticated Teport of a pauper inmate of the Milnthorpe workhouse haviujj been foully murdered by another inmate , with tbe knowledge of the governor . True it is , that a ni : ui ¦ . »! " the name of Hobmson was interred at Heversham on Thursday last , under the most suspicious circumstances , from that workhouse , and these have been strengthened by the information of the paupers , when out of the house on Sunday , to that

      degree as to cause b . s disinterment for the purpose of an investigation before coroner ' s jury , and the person who is said to have committed the foul deed has b ^ en apprehended . Such , however , are the conflicting stutemeuts told of this horrid affair , that it woulii be unjust to report them in a newspaper pTeviou < to a full investigation inti > the case . The name of the person apprehended is Thomas Holme , who liad -been mysteriously discharged from the workhouse" after the death of Robinson . A boy , who , it is said , would have been a material evidence , an imate of the workhouse , has absconded . — tVj , i ; eJniveu Htruld .

      Novel Fravd , —Clandestine Marriage —The bans of marriage hetweau Mr . Thomas Co . \ , of liurton-o : ! -Trent , Staffordshire , and Miss Steer , of Mirklt-over , in xh \< county , were recently publish .-d m St . Wcrl . uniVs church ( both parties , of course , Win ; : parishioners of St . WerbuTeh ' s ) . On Fridny , i \ pril ]?> . - . cmipk- presented themselves to rbe minister , and wtn- married by him as Mr . Cox and Miss Steer ; both were strangers tn the rev . gentleman . . No sooner had tlie new married couple left the church to ruminate on the solemnity of its marriage service , thr . n the real Mr . Cox and Miss Steer entered , a : id to the great asronishinent of the minister demanded that he-would marrv them . < = t :

      itmg who they -were . In vain did he assure tiu-in , that he had- either just concluded marrying them , or thru they cc-ulti not l > e the above-mentioned parties , the public . itirn of whose baud * ba-. l just expired . They felt , neverthele .-. * , quite satisfied with their own identity , and sail continued to demand his performance oi" the ceremony . The minister , however , could not hi- prevailed ui-un to comply ; he could not marry two couples with one pair of hands ; and , after a fv-n iderabk-n monsir :: ncc , the disappointed party left the church , and obtained a license , by which they were married , we believe , in the same church on the following day . By this d . shonest proci-edintr , Mr . Cox was not onlj robbed of his halfcrown lor pul )! lsh ni : the ban > , but was put to tht expense of petting a license . — Dtrli / llrpurler .

      K . sion-Hall . —Yt-.-ti-rday a stroiii ; able-bodied young man , u-a . uu .-d Wil ^ n , \ si ? \> roui ;\ n before Mr . Jerremy , charged with stealing a brass cock and a tfur . ntky of le ; -. d pi ]> e , the property of a lady named Mitchell , residing at Kennington , The prisoner tchs discovered at the reir of the complainant ' s house , betwren : j and 4 o ' clock that morning , in the act of cutting away the leaJen pipe cominunicatinir with the water-bun , a . juanthy of which material wafound in his possession when taken into custod y , as Weil us a brass cock , which he had dragged awav

      from the water-butt , leaving the water to deluge the yard . —Prisoner . 1 don ' t deny the offence . 1 was starving at the time , : uid 1 was obliged to < zo aihievin ^' to get myself some food . —Mr . Jerremy said thatbe \ vvs astroDgpow-. rfulyoungfellow , andouehttoworkforh ; s bread , instead of going about robbing people ' s houses Prisoner . I can ' t get work , and what am I to do ? My parents are dead , and 1 have no lnends to » ive me a farthing . — Mr . Jeremy said , that he was con-Tineed if the prisoner sought for employment that he could obtain itbut the reason of his not bavini ?

      work was m consequence of his propensity for thieving . —Prisoner . If I had work to do at " all I would do it , but I have been starving about the streets , and would rather be at once sent to gaol than lead such a life as I have been doing . — Mr . Jeremy said , that he had just been informed the prisoner had been in gaol before . —Prisoner . I don ' t deny that , but it was not for felony ; it was for sleeping in an outhouse , having no other place to rest myself , after prowling about the town in quest of employment , which I could not get . The prisoner then supplicated that he might be sent for trial ,-as any sentence that might be passed upon him could not make his situation worse than it was ; at allevents he would have the benefit of a roof to covgr him , besides fo d , s-aeh as it was , and also a bed . The prisoner was then committpd .

      Dignity of the Peerage . —At tli ? Henry-street Police-office , Dublin , on Thursday last , afU'rthe disposal of the minor fry cases , a constable ushered into the board-room a gentleman of rather a foreign appearance , and attired in an undress military frock , who was presented to the magistrate as the ' Earl of llosGOmmon . His lordship , marching forward with an air of offended dignity , and keeping bis hat on , addressed the magistrate as follows : — Are you aware , Sir , that 1 am entitled to wear my hat in this room as a peer ? It is mv pr ivilege , and " I make use of my privilese . Magistrate . —I know of no privilege ; there is no distinction of persons here ; 1 can permit no person -to remain here covered .

      Lord Roscommon . —Sir , I claim my privilege ; I claim the privilege of the peerage . Magistrate . —1 know of no such privilege , and must insist on your removing your hat . I make no distinction in favcur of any one . You will jjlease toremove your hat . Lord Rnscommon— Well , 1 shall take off my hat , bnt must protest against being obliged to do ' so . I will show you again the privileges ofthe peerage . llis _ lord > hi ' > , now standing uncovered , lislened with dignified 7 toiic / ialanre to the accusation of the policeman , 174 , C , who stated , that late on the previous night he fonnd the noble lord in SackvSle-streHt

      drunk , and perfectly incapable of taking care of himself . On being questioned , he could give no account of himself , nor tell where he lodged ; but to the interrogatories of the policeman he replied in an angry tone , " Begone , sirrah . Molest me not ; I am your King . " The policeman , astounded at the announcement <> f a pretender to the throne , insisted onmaking him a prisoner , and brought him to the station-house , where he remained till six o ' clock in the morning , when his lordship was bailed by Mr . Doycer , of Stephen ' s-green , to appear this dny ( Thursday ) . Magistrate ( to bis lordship . ) - ^ Y 6 u have heard the complaint . Sir . What Have yon to say for yourself ? Lord

      Roscommon . —\ pledge my honour as a peer that his charge is false . 1 was not drnnk . Magistrate . —That will not do . The policeman positively asserts on oath that you was drnnk . Your pledges of honour are no answer . Have yon anT means to prove that yon was not drunk , and sble to take care of yoursellr Lord Roscommon . —Peers always pledge thei ' honour , that is their privilege . Even in the Housr of Lords it is held quite sufficient , and surely mv doing so is answer enough to this charge . I again ' repeat 1 was not drnnk . The policeman said his lordship was so drunk that he seither knew whence he csme , nor whither he was going .

      ilagi . > trute . —\ oumust submit to tb . e usual penalty * 1 nneyon 5 s . for bein ? drank in- the public streeu : and incapable of taking care of yourself . His lordship , seemingly ' amazed at the authoritative tone of the magistrate , threw down two half * crowns , and replacing his hat ' on his "head , proceeded to pass across the rooxh to the * door . - Magistrate . —Sir , I insist on your keeping off your hat in this room . , His lordship declined obedience . 31 agistrate— -Constable , remove that gentleman ' s hat . . Xo man , peer , or other , shall wear his hat here . "Lord RoscommoB . —No man shall dnreremove mv hat . : - - ¦• ' ¦ ¦ J

      The constable removed his lordship ' s hat . Lord Roscommon . —I shall let yon hear fnr ^ her of this . 1 will ghow yon my prmtege . Magistrate . —Sir , if you add another word I will commit you ; beware . His lordship , in silent indignation , then withdrew .

      Untitled Article

      Universal Suffrage . —The trades of Glasgow are preparing-to gefcup . a great public " demon - stratiou" in favour of universal suffrage in . .. that ci : - ' - I 1 is " fixed ' for . the twenty-first instant , and Mr . Attwood' ^ aTother- " fri ends" from Birmingham are feTb&invited to attend . The trades are to come forjfaW on this , as on former occasions , with flags , bafeer * , and music . v Univbbsal Suffrage , —TTip trn ^» , nf ftia cow ar ,. nroiwrinn . *« » . „» ,. «„„ * ' u :. « j ,

      Untitled Article

      GREAT MEETING OF THE WORKING CLASSES AT SHEFFIELD .

      On Monday evening last , Mr . O'Connor was invited to address the working men of Sheffield , in the 7 i ^ . afl # " At seven o ' clock , the appointed hour , Mr . U Connor entered"the . Hall , accompanied by the Committee © f the Working Men's Association , and was received fey the vast assemblage with tlie strongest demonstrsaion 8 of regard . Mr . Gilt , was voted to th « chair . He said that the men df Sheffield must now or never spring up and utroWoff their lethargy— that around them they heard the voitv of freedom , while they still slumbered . Birmiugham had once more called upon theni ^/ ajttd if the battle was foueht ana lost bv the

      apath y of their town , what would their rieigbours sayy-or how would they answer to their order ? ( Cbeers , rand " we'lr join . " ) The position which Shiffl ^> Iately took , an , d well maintained , upon the qTJeBt » B- ' < jfpthe Bimotf disarmed the people oi" any pret 6 rt . vrTitcii ' ia . ay -arise from ¦ inconipetency -to do their own-work- . { Cheers . ) The demand upon their energies and ^ tertions was just ; the response he felt confident would be unanimous . ( Hear , hear . ) They knew his views—they had often heard him ; but he knew they were impatient to bear their champion , Feargus O'Connor —( cheers ;)—and , therefore , he would conclude by introducing that gentleman .

      ] > Ir .-O'Coxxou then advanced , and was received with cheering and clapping of hands . He said he wns happy that as the detects of the Reform Bill had been selected for discussion , that ' the Chairman had alluded to the men of Birmingham , as the completion of the -promised measure should rest with those who hud fought for its accomplishment , but who now perceived that instead ot a boon they had got n dagger . ( Hear , liear . ) The Reform Bill , snid Air . O'Connor , was not a thing of Radical creation , or of Democratic

      imagination . > o , it was the luster child of the Wnigs , —( cheers)—who . when out of power , said , " Oh , just see what the rascally Tories do for you ; only give us the Reform Bill , and you shall " have your fullest measure of political rights . " ( Cheers . ) Well , they beat the Tories for the Whigs , and instead of redeeming those pledges which carried Reform , they join the Tories in beating their old friends , the Radicals . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) When they wauted you , iv noble Oimicellor of the Exchequer condescended to eorresimud with the Unionists , and when tlie Unionists gained the battle tor t ' . unn , they transported them . ( Cheers and hear . ) Under these cirrninstiinees , continued -Mr O'Connor , the men of Birmingham are called upon

      to mouse and make another struggle . It -w-jis Brougham , Russell , and Co . who instructed the people in their political creed ; they were the men who laid down the outlines of "the Bill , the whole Bill , . mid nothing but the Bill . " That Bill : > aid you men of the manufacturing towns are too valuable not to be represented ; the boroughmongers don ' t represent yon , yon shall all have a vote , —( cheers)—and the people believed them . The Reform Bill was a virtual abrogation tif those laws which were made by men who ' committed .-uiride , lwuiw they were too corrupt to he confided in . ( Hear , hear , and loud cheering . ) the manufacturing interest could be collected luring of bell , the agricultural interest was thinlv

      scattered upon the lace of the country , and therefore your agitation succeeded , but your success was the granting of power to men who made your degradation the terms of their support with ministers ( cheers ) . The ballot , t > aid Mv . O'Connor , to tin-Jrish forty shilling freeholders ami old freemen would be a- better reform than we have now got ( cheers and * true" ) , true , aye , but it would noi do to give the ballot to the poor voter ; tliry never dreamt ol such a tbing ; but during tlie holidays iK-ir member came with bis rat trap to claim it for the wealthy electors , ( b >» : ir , bear , hear ;) and that was one reason wh y he , Mr . Coniior , liked the men of Sheffield , because upon that occasion they benr < U-d all opposition , even the opposition k

      of their favourite member , " they came , they saw , and h >> y conqu red , " for noiwiihstmding the master cutler was a sbarpe blade , his vision was a little dull when called upon to decide , ( cheers . ) we had a ma jority ( cheers and " we had , ' ; ayi-, or he would not have refused us a seconu .-how * Oh , if the poor Radicals Imd acted so , we . < houM have been deiionneed throughout the empire ( cheers ) . . Mr . O'Connor entered at considerable length into the defects ofthe Reform Bill , and then said that Universal Suffrage , and that alone , could make Reform complete ( tremendous cheering ); but we are too ignorant continued the learned ge-itleman . Now mark how they cloak ignorance when it serves their purpose . In proposing the ordnance estimates to the House of

      Commons last week , Sir H . Vivian : tpo ] t >{ ri- ; vd for been obliged to undertake the tusk , in consequence ofthe ijrnorance ofthe young ;' i-iitli \ mui » who hud been recently appointed to tue office , but bad not vet instructed himself in the business . ( Cheers and laughter . ) . Now , said lie , we-are too ignorant to use lbe suffrage , but do with the people as they haw done with thr ordnance clerk , give them the suffrage , and they will soon learn how touseit . ( great cheering ) Mr . O'Connor baring exposed the defects of the Reform Bill at considerable length , went into the question of labour and capital , wherein he fully proved that then * existed no necessity for poverty in this country , provided all the proceed * weru equitably divided amongst those from whose labour they spring ,

      andhe had no objection to allow that the manufacturer himself would be more happy ami as wealthy . ( Cheers . ) But said-he , what an- your law ? , your institutions . your servants , and even your boasted buildings ? Your buildings are jails , court houses , bastile * , bridewells , and bridges for the aristocracy , (( jreatcheering . ) Your magistrates are partizans . I fthey want a jailor , they look for a ruffian , and if they require a dL-tributor of your alms to Aie poor in the shape of a bastile governor , they employ a heartless Devil , ( cheers ) instead of a mild and kind hearted persou . You see said he , tlielawshate you , the servants and administrators of the laws hate you , and you bate yourselves . He . Mr . O'Connor had been long spending his time and 1-is money to little advantage

      in their chum * . He wanted to know when the cup of misery was foil , as he believed the time was not far distant when he and they might be called upon to make a yet bolder stand , ( ilore the whole meeting rose , ^ . nd the spacious bnilding re-onnded with hearty cheers , which lasted for several minutes . ) Mr . -O'Connor then went into a variety of topics connected with the different branches of trade in Sheffield , as with tlie general commerce of the country , pointing out , as he proceeded , the manner in which Universal Suffrage would correct the several abuses . He then adverted to the state of public feeling and general oppression in Ireland . He denounced the whole policy with regard to that country , and said , that though it was not now the theatre of his

      agitation , yet he never could forget that it was the land of his birth , and that however his policy may differ from others , yet even the Catholics were beginning to find that he , a Protestant , was for a fuller measure of freedom for them , than were the bag and paid patriots of tbe day . ( Great cheering . ) England , he said , cannot , ought not , shull not be free , unless Ireland participates in the freedom . ( Hear , and repeated cheers . ) He then showed bow Irish poverty affected the English labour market . He exposed the manner in which Catholic Emancipation was wholly directed to the aggrandisement of a parcel of placeafeuntiug fellows , while the Catholics had still to pay the tithe of which they should not pay one farthing . ( Cheers . ) Mr . O'Connor addressed

      the meeting at considerable length , being loudly cheeved all through ; but , as the after part of the proceedings became mo > e important , we are compelled to leave Mr . O'Connor , and to turn to the speeches of the working men , which were more interesting thau if Mr . O' < J . had been speaking for a month . Upon a vote of thanks being proposed to Mr . O'Connor , he again came forward , and said , that having hinted at the formation of the Great Northern Union , lie would take that opportunity ot entering briefly into its objects , which . objects should speak for themselves , as he had a copy drawn tip b y the Ivee is ' Committee , and-which was to be submitted on AVrdhesdaV "next 'to a general meeting of tnfcworking men oilieedsl Mr . O'Connor

      thenrertd the objects'which were received ! with deafening cheers , ; and : expressed s'hope ; that Home persons-would anove- and » second - tjbeir adoption . Mr . Beala member of the \ Vo * kingmen' » Association , roga ta remonstrate againet the basty adop- ' tion of the objects more . especia | ly ,-that one whoreiil the mention , of physical Xorcje wa * contained . Tie ! was sure it would , ^ care the timid and estraiige ' those who would otherwise b ' fe ' with' ns ; Jef 6 s "iir 3 ' t try a compliife ' organraat ^'( rf ^ orW F ^^ yet had beWeffectfco'i-inffih tfce ^ tent of K failure letthete th « t t » ft : of ^ bysi < iifl » fdrc «; : ^'' The' toeh 'tif oirauciu l uuiu

      uajr jxy yueu llHlHJS , - DUl WO TJIU- ioej < really gupptM ^ tliepropOidtion ) ^( Cbeers , and yes we will . ) : Air . Beaitio ^ ht-itwoaJd be better Hot id runnthance ^> f TiolatiHg'the law , and hoped " the consider&tioQ-of ^ be . Dbjecta would be ,, postponed ^ Monday next . . 'Mr , O . 'Gonnoxj—Workingmen . Mr , ; Bealiis too caudod * , Ws . apprehensions nave b « 6 ir aroused without ai » y just cause , inasmuch' as every constitutional Whig and Tory iu the" land , ' , should : approve of tbe' objects yaIch . J wen l tiio fnitner ihaa to declare afdelennlnaiSon'tb nplfoTdthe conStitn $ on ; , and a ? a Bamster , Mr . I ; D'eami 6 ¥ plfeuged .- 'UifaselC that a jury woald ' pags a liigh ieulo | iuin- upfori iMft * him toi

      Beal , ' if ttsti law ntt 6 « k ^ d Tor 'StieidinbuSg tlife terms . However the proposition was'nowbeford the meeting , and they might deal with it as they tiiOnght proper . Mr . O'Connor bad ao objection to the post-

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      ) o nement , at th > objects would be notliing the worse forkeepinp ^ Cheers , ) Mr . iKo ^ sinKs rose tomove a vote of thanfc « 4 o the Chairman , ( meeting , no , no , we must and will carry ; hem unanimously . ) Here the coufusion ^ aa " tfecoming great , when a very respectable locWnff tradesman whose name we did v ? r £ ™ ^ "nted pne of the benches , and said Mr . Chairman , I have roaght for what is called my count-y with bayonetaddtausker , and I never fought iu my yomh with half that vigour that I would now use m defence of my faiailyy-my home , my fire , and my nghts , ( uproarious applause , ) then , sir , I move ne instant and immedikte adoption of the objects of Mr . ijeal , allow me to explain . Tradesman—No explanation , erir , we have been too long listening to nonsense of ene kind or another , we must have the objects . Who seconds their adoption ? (" All , all . " ) weal ^ S ^ n ^ S ^ lJf ^^ L . i ...-:-,.. _ ' . ¦ . A ? Jects would be nottnnef the worse

      mr . . J his meeting was called by the workingmen 8 association , for a specific purpose , and the meeting cannot sanction the present adoption of the objects without calling a . meeting of their body for that purpose . Tradesman—You called the meeting ? we are the meeting , we hav « nothing to do with your arrangements , it is our business to take advantage oi the . occasion ( great cheering . ) The object to which you QDiect , expunge , and your union Mis to the SWJ- ¥ ueless ; preserve it , and it will unite all ( 1 -ISS ^ n clietin ? & 0 Meeting-Put thev objects , SS *? ^ ng without ;¦»* . ( Mr . Bealimo , uo ) ^^^* ° ^ ho clamour ask themselves where 'PSpnav ^ becaiwhen We hav » hwn wrU-Vi * ,, A ^ i ™ Rlace

      "M 11 ^ ^ : liear ) .-: Meeting ^ Wlen wifl ^ gg |^^ fftak ^ ? , Willy 1 > u 3 charge for ^ rP ^^^ h ^^^^^^ " ^ to support tha . fi 9 S ^ &Z \ X # &mWmt m * tio- charge , ^ desmari ^ ut ^ e ^ je ^ tjf ^ ow T insist upon'it ( great cheenngaTid dapping of handsi ) Meetingwe must have them , we will have them , ' ) Mr . U Connor—Working men , I commend your determination , but in order that our meetings " should appear harmonious , and as you are to pay nothing will you consent to postpone . the further consideration of the ouestion till Monday , when you will be strengthened by . the concurrence of the mun . of J . ecds . ( Tradesman no , mnv ,--meetiiig , now , now . ) M r . O'C ., [ am fornow but tlie delay wont damage us , as should tlie Associa tion reject them on Monday , I nledee . mvsnlf tn

      attend it public meeting , called for the consideration of those objects . ( Great cheering . ) Will you now- consent . ( Yes , upon those conditions . ) Meeting - —Tell us the place and hour , we'll all he there . The vote of thanks to . the- Chairmnn was then put with acclamation ; he rose to return thanks , and said—rellow-worUi ) igm « ii , I heard with astouishnipnt the objection of Mr . Beal to the objects of the Great Northern Union . I am a member of the tt orkmg Men ' s Association , and I pledge myself to be in my place , ami to move their , adoption ' and support their principles . ( Cheering and clapping oi hands . ) >\ hat does Mr . Beal mean by . scaring the timid r We want not the timid . ( Cheer-. ) W e want the firm an , l ( li e resolute . What i * lifr hnt liberty , and what is liberty but the fullest

      enjoyment of life ? ( Cheers . ) And have we the one to thnt extent which allows . ' us to e . nioy the other .-- ( no . n < u ) -uud tlu-ii we ar . t slaves ; and does Mr . Heal ret use to-fight for bis liberty ? ( £ '! ' . t s # ) ' If ile lllH's r ! l ! n not- ( Ureat cheering . ) norkiiigineii , J never ' was . so n « tcli pleased with any project as the formation of the Cnion , because the objects are manly and defined , and such as will enlist , in their support every man who hates , oppression , am lows Ih-cdom . ( Great clieering . ) llave \ vi > not inore at . st-. tko than thti Aristocracy ? They can live on le . vs than they possess ; we" have not wherewithal to live upon , after a hard life of toil . ( Cht'er ? . ) ^ Tlu > objects (] o not even threaten |> hv . sical forrf , they ' mention it ns tlie snbstanre which is to follow 5 l-r . iie . d ' . s shadow , moral force , ( . heers)—which , for year .- - , we have been relying and winch

      upon , , sis it increases , seems to protract our mi .-cry . ( Cheers . ) 1 was ready to support the j » l ) jects now , but when the fitting time conies 1 shall be at my po . st , an . ! give to tbeih that sujiport which their mjinbness and justice ficmaiuls at the bauds of tuoVe who liuve a cau .-e to gain , and are resolved to n . > k lite , if necessary , in its attaiumeiH . ( Continued fliei-ring and cla |)[) ing of hands . ) | Thn . s end' ^ 1 the most important meeting ever held in Sheffield for the working classes . The objvcts h ; vv . > sim : e iieeii a'Sopteu by the men of Leeds . ' ] lie I ' nion has been triumphantly funiied : many members have joined who never , before belonged to any Association ; and we anxiously await the frill expression of tlie men of Sheffield . Let every man be at bis po . 4 !—Mr . Ueal ' s casligation of . the workingmen was but too well merited , audit is but jnstice to say bis remarks were manly , and not opposed to the objects . .

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      Ll-. f'lTRKS ;>\ SOCIALISM . On Monday evening Just , Mr . Owen commenced a course of six lectures on those princi ples on which le contends that society should be based . The lecture was announced for seven o ' clock , and at that time the Saloon of'the Music Hall was pretty well filled with respectable auditors . At about 'half-past ' seven Mr . Ow « n appeared and was warmly greeted by the . assembly , which bad now coiisidef . nbly increased . The lecturer commenced by commenting on the lmporttutre of the Mibject on which he \ va » ntot to speak ; tbe value of the object which he wished toaccomplish , and the deeply rcoted prejudices with whirli he had to contend . Thesnlyectof thnteveniiw ' . slectur »

      lie announced to be " The Introduction , or General Outline of the System advocated , as given at thepartuular request > of a select number of the Member- * of tbe Loiiirress bebl at Metz in France , in September bst ; and which Outline was b y them translated into J-rencli , and aftfrwards , by Professor ( Jans of Berlin , into German . " Me observed , on the outset , that he should lay down a proposition on which depended entirely the truth or fallacy of the whole of his . theory ; . it was , ¦ " that man-is Made to believe nil that lie does believe- and rluit , therefore , whenever hr performs an action as the result of any belief , that action is always-to be considered as the result of the external ciniimstause wlii . li operated on his mind to cause that belief . " It fallowed from this that belief was involuntary ; : iiid that therefore- 'all actions

      that arise from belief ( as all actions do ) were also involuntary . Now , be had stated that on that one proposition he based his whole theory , and and that . proposition was either true or false . If it was true , then bis theory was also true ; and vice versa . Assuming , then , that it was true he would proceed to illustrate the present state of society , and show the different proportions which tbe different classes in society bear to each other . This he did by exhibiting a number of cubes , the largest of which expressed the whole number of the population of Great Britain . This population- ' was divided into eight classes , tlie respective proportions of which , to the whole number , were similarl y represented . The first division , consisting of tbe workine classes ,, was

      tbe largest in number . This class produced all the wealth possessed by society , and supported all the other classes . The third in point of size , was the inferior class of distributors and comprised nil the small shopkeepers . The third class which was the . second in point of size , consisted of what were denominated the thieves , rogues , and vagabonds . These tbe working classes had to ' snpport dmvmmrds . The workings of the present systern of society were strongly marked by the fact of this being so large a class . The fourth division was a numerous class . It was composed of Bankers , Merchants * , and others ofthe highest order of distributors . The fifth and most numerous class included , besides the dignified clergy under the rank

      of Bishops , allthe most fortunate of the last mentioned class , the Rothschilds and the Barings , the highest order of p hysicians and merchants . The last class but one included" all the lower nobility , viz the baronets and the country gentlemen . The class which was the smallest in number , and which before the passing of thelleform Bill had the power to make arrangements , which would have actually prevented allthe division , and misery , and poverty , and even the fears of poverty which now exist among us , was composed of the Royal famil y and the Lords spiritual and temporal . There was another class which he had omitted to men tion which represented the ^ plundering andnmrderiug power of society , and that was army and navy . / Hear , hearanJapplanse . ) it

      , was utterl y impossible to create a classification of society more injurious to every individual composing it than this one . The interest of every one of these classes was at variance with the interests of all the other classes ; raid every individual composing them without a single" exception was injured to au extent of which it was stiaTcely possible to fohn a : judgment . Fundamental error was the cause of nil these results ; It had been taught to mankind . that will . was au original f ^^' ^^ ^ fl 4 V- aiid --AiitaJip ^ -hh 4 ihe ' pwi » r of beheyiug or hoV "belieTing ¦ us he ¦• woula . r This > ras entirely ppposedto all known facts * ftrtd ^ must , H ^!^ be destroyed ; and theTgreat truth lie Substituted as the basis ' of societythat htah yrat

      , ^^¦ ¦^ B ^ - ^ e -cr eatore ' -o'f- tOTBBiftWaaw ^ iftifeited ' witK his organization , from hin . \ Atjth to has death ' . Witbopt a knowledge of this fact , it was impossibfe ror them to have . ' a correct Ktifc ^ ledi ^ of toe true , nature of inan and of Booietyi ! Mt ;< Qm msifoiix % ix . teredinto a lengthened illustration , of the inttjierice ' of circum tances upon mi ' ipain ni ' hire ' aii' 81 observed . that . ifwa *( poadbietb * aTte ' cMWt * h ari ^* bA ^ their parent * pleased—ev < jix odgelt ittieyeryriegpecL-excerjV having wing ? . ( Laughter . ) : Haying , travelled * a considerable distance that day ^ 1 a& &&Mm ^ fVejtv « ttaftteUJUltL » l » BiinHT ^ 1 » lrfTtHwrirrtn >^ M »*» i « M » - ^^ fc .. t-: ^ _

      Inftr&atron to desireVhe wonldbe' glitdand ^ wiBinir to attempt airuiT 8 wlH k '' tb-- | in questions , or to givl «* y ^ ortherv mformatioh : ; < Tijere * et ( w fefteven ¦^ ' ! 3 ?? S ^ ' ^^' - <^ -- « l ^^ - «' Or t-i » efMfl & ^^ ' ^^ - ^^^^^^^ - ^ mi ^^ IfSraX ^?^^!*? . ^** Mature aad tjispoataon * S * tyM $ * ° ]; femate JarJenV andoffi »* ed ¥% n \ 'irice '' St * 2 ^ y ^ Votfld 1 farour ^ nim * 5 ffi ¦ # prfc Mfcetih ^ , that th ^ parto 6 t iiiore ^ of tH « iiatureiani -. dMoutuM . ofitiBs male' parent . ( RoawWfeugihter and cnesof ; tell us now ; no private iiltervte ^ a . ) Mr .

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      Owen thought the question without a pointed object enauS " n ? f T ? } T nion wns « fW « Afc fSL CLft « gb er . ) If , however , be advertised a tr ^ ° mh l ™** : V ^ bap * . he would command Af&r f ' r dltor 8 : ( Continued laughter . ) askpH \ lT er " nun Portant questions were ln \ uZ , mTrT ^ A l ^ P * ^ parated . in * Ml T ! ectnr f ' dehvere 5 on Tuesday even . rl 5 ''« J ^ ° *^ nlar ? on the application of the clwsific- ation of aociety , adduced m hia fir t lecture and stated that the result of ^ the-S !»«;„ StS Owen thoupJittKo r , r , « o »;«» . ™ - » i : __» i , _ .-.. ,.

      principles to the constraction of s ^ cietT w ^^ d " be the entire annihilation of all poverty aii all rSricn < £ h ? i * % l ^ ? W . ^ vantages ; the wh " of which , with all their Mischievous results on society as now constituted , arose entirely from the " ^ ° , nal 8 r . Semont 9 of society . He regretted thattbe services of . professional gentlemen were not freely given to . threat Subject ^ the work of renovating soeietv would then > he -saccompUshea much soonay-. « tid more easily . ^ Me questions were askedybut the discussion warf ^ ofino particular 111 tt ? rc 81 « ' ' . --,. ¦ ¦ "• " ... : ' - ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦

      WEDNESDAY NiqHT . ; Mr ^ Owen commenced bis tbmJlfecS by recapitulatifeg tlife . phncipal topics on whifeh % eM treated ' ? WSs ^ & ^ Ve lectures . He ^ wd ^ afchaving sta jefcdisftfc | y-tbe errors of ; fli | f ^ eM ^* ystein and ^ aejd'befo ^ his auditors an ^ tljefc ^ rfahizatiou f ^^?^ W those wh 0 bav « sfig&M 5 &in the T ^ S ^^ ' ^^ orw , ^ ouidiKsmmm ^ ei to inS ^ S $ stated ^ M ^ fe ^ oth ; fnfS- * *^ Sk ^ ? ° « ng jl ^ pi ^ cKcome J r ^ -V ?? uN ? t' ? did inot understaaoir axid' he' ( Mr Owen ) was persuaded that there ^ jfe not * aperson in £ * £ T ° " t % P ^ m evening who had the least conception of what hi 4 svef *™ * . ^ nii « , ^» .. mm < .. _ ... man

      astof ^ i by ^ S ^ emaulv . young who asked several questions which had not the slightest reference to the . subject ; and any man could aYk questions which he could not « o ) ve . He said it was in a w ^ l ^ - Wll 0 lC of ^ human race * S in a wretchedly ignorant condition ; and the assembl y then before him was a proof that neither was at . all known to the world . The world had this most important science yet to learn ; and until it had learned , it was incompetent to discuss a question of this nature After some further similar observa-*«»» * « e-KHdtliat th , first inquiry which

      . ou . should then enter was , " What are the necessary conditions-forthe hapj ) iuess of human beings ? " The answer to the question was " tlie ensuring to each individual in society the greatest number of advantages with the fewest inconveniences . " Mr . Owen proceeded to state the peculiar system of society wmcU he advocates . He observed that that system of society would be best which caused men to assemble together in convenient bodies , not too small , nor too large ; but at from about 500 to 2000 persons . II 0 argued that if such was the case , tbe present system of society was not calculated to urouioic im

      ppmess , inasmuch-as this condition of bnppuioss was not observed ; but that our towns , cities , vi . ia ^ es , and houses , were a wretched compilation of human existence . He said there were , at present , two distinct divisions of society-the very neb , and the very poor . A * for the latter class , society bad done them as much harm a . s they possibly could their man ner * , morals , habits , and minds were del ranged , and . it was ntsces-a-ry that in the new state of s . raetye njoymeutsshould be found for this We mas * Mr . Owen described tlie buildings of the New Society , winch he said would be erected amidst fields and ( lower gardens , upon such priciples as to preclude any dwaareabk-ness , to save much time and more nbour ; for even in the cookim ? dupartinent it won d be possible then for four cooks to nreoan- us muili

      . tood as tour hundred could do under the present system . In the ne \ v state of society bad ' times would never be known , for the people would always have the mean * of being happy . Mr . Owen said many other excellent things which , be assured the inidieiice , would be tlie result of his system . The lecture being concluded two questions were askedbut they bad no relevancy to Mr . Owen ' s lecture Mr . Owen introduced Mr . Rigby , of Manchester , to the audience , as the gentleman " who would conclude the lectures , he having previously engaged to lecture at Sheffield on thti following evenings .

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      IMPORTANT MEETING OF WOMEN Al BIRMINGHAM .

      ( From the Sheffield Iris . ) Tbe following letter to Mr . Elliott , will be read with interest : — Birmingham , April 16 th , 1838 . Dear Sir , —I sent you , last week , a Birmingham journal , with a very much curtailed account of a meeting of women . I alone of Birmingham relormers , dared convene or attend it . The experiu" * . Wils triumphant . Not only was the vast Hall full , but even its spacious lobbies were crowded . There could not have been less than 12 , 000 women there . A more beautiful and moving sight was never seen ; a meeting more enthusiastic and

      orderly never was assembled . It . was evident that the iron had entered- into their souls ; that they-felt deeply , and resolved religiously , that their children ' s children should not be trampled upon as they bad brf » n . I mention tins meeting to you because it forms part of my general plan . 1 believe ( 1 might say I know , ) that hitherto , the women have thought si > little upon politics , and being so utterly ignorant ofthe connection of our system with their ¦ poverty and degradation , that they have either not interfered , or persuaded their . hu .-bniids from meddling with politics , as-a'thing of no profit . We cannot afford their neutrality or hostility ; they must be our enthusiastic friends .

      L intend to have these meetings repeated throughout England . I am happy to inform you , that our Missionary in Glasgow has completely lifted up the whole population there , The Reformers are also making preparations to receive us at Dundee , Edinburgh , ¦ Sunderland * Manchester , and neighbourhood . They are preparing to hold a great meeting here , to sanction and give dignity to our mission , and to pass our national petition . We shall then break ground at Glasgow on the 19 th of May , and obtain the sanction of the people there ; and from thence roll up the . masses southward to London ; where I should like to see 700 , 000 meet us on Hampstead Heath . But to effect any good object —; to acquire any power for the people—we must exhibit

      , on the whole of our course ,, an unfailing , nay , arrowing and increasing enthusiasm . May we depend on your potent aid to prepare the people at Sheffield , and some intimation as to their disposition towards us ? From tbe middle classes , 1 expect nothing until virtue becomes with them a necessity , and they see the people strong in their union j then they will begin to seek shelter in their ranks . You are aware I intend the national petitions to be two-fold ; the-oue to be signed by the millions of men , the others to be signed by the millions of women ; and to be the first great evidence of a national simultaneous action ; a simultaneous action which , well-directed , will have amoral omnipotence . Time prevents my giving you more than this hasty sketch , and asking you , what will Sheffield do ?

      With every good wish and sincere respect ^ I am , dear Sir , yours , sincerely , TH . OS . CLUTTON SALT . To Mr . Ebenezer Elliott . At the meeting leferred to in the above letter , Mr . Salt delivered a very spirited address , in the course of which he gave a melancholy picture ofthe state of Birmingham .

      Ihe Northern Star Saturday, May 5. 1838.

      IHE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , MAY 5 . 1838 .

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      FOREIGN COMPETITION . Whenever the misgovernment of rulers , or the miscalculations of a privileged party , bring the laws into contempt , and society into confusion , the newrfdiling practice is to shelter the wrong-doers under some specious and metaphysical absurdity , and to attach all blame to the people for the existence of a state of things which is their ruin , and over which they have flo controul . The misdeeds of our

      governors , and the miscalculations of the privileged orders , have entailed upon them the necessity of screening' themselves behiri'd the mask of ' - ' overpopulation ' , and ' the impogsibttity of successfully conttuSing / against foreign competition ; and thus , wnite-. tTtf . p ' eople'kre ^^ rffeVers ^ -their very existence and comparatively independent state , is the only apology which tK « wrong-doers condescend to give for ihe' ruin which , their cupidity and ignorstnee has ehtiileaupon ' sbtiety ;

      ; The " question ' oi over-population we have before explained , ' bjr stating that , whereas 20 , , 000 may ( with certain steam power ;) be an under-population to riieet the deniatid , 5 ; 0 tfO , 000 may , by great improvements in machinery , become an bVer-populai ! on for ' supply i ' tig the same amount of produce ; and therefore , tt the -eye' of the capitalist , machinery , and n 6 t Human poweryis looked upon as that which jshoutd'be cbrisldeYe'd ' popiilitloin . ; The'literal mean-Ing of foreign ^ competition is home degradation , which is rotgnded to'be produced , by the complete Surrender- " of absolute dominion to the capitalist over the price of dbtaesfic'labour ; that is , a reduction of hbnie wages to the standard at which a worse fed , I worse clotned , worse housed , worse paid ( vtitaved )

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      foreign operative can be brought to work for ^ a mere subsistence . Great competition is ' , always' a gain to thrifty speculators , while from the fluctuation which it causes in the labour market , it must jeopardize the producing classes . In order to niake . our manufacturers capable of competing with the foreigner , the masters look for a repeal of the corn laws , to which we are most friendly ; but lot the w ^ e take a hint , when we ask them , what , under t ^ e change ( which a repeal of these laws would create ) have they to expect from a class whoy with . ' tbe corn as it stands , have become rich to overflowing , while the poor have become poorer to overbearing ? Must ot

      they nnaturally conclude that with the frailties of nature and-the protection of representation , they , the masters , would turn the whole gain from the alteration to their own account ? The people want the laws to turn changes into popular benefit , while the masters make the laws and use the laws for the diversion of every change to their own gain . The Poor Law Amendment Act has been bayed upon the necessity which has arisen to meet the foreigner in his own market , by a reduction in the price of home wages . The Poor Law Amendment Act has been the price at which thepolitieal support ofthe masters has been purchased , The .. immense ' advantage Which our incomparable inachinery together with our natural resources such

      as coals , give ns over the foreigner are altogether lost sight of . The brawlers , for foreign competition , seems to , forget that the forest of Fontainbleau would soon be consumed by one of our large manufactories , and therefore , in those advantages , we have all the power of successfully competing with the forei gner . But it seems that still a reduction in wages becomes necessary . Even this we shall admit , merely differing with the economises to what wages means , and the quarter in which reduction should commence . Those who live upon the industry of ' others , nev « - fail to consider the people as so many cogs in a

      great state wheel , and upon any deficiency in profits , they ( with a knock down argument , ) turn to the producers and assault their wages , which ( th . ey say ) is too high to admit of fair competition ; while , upon the other hand , we contend that speculation is too rife , profits too high , and wages too low , to create a market by which prudent supply and demand can be maintained . The error of the system has not been the want of competitive power , but an unrestricted license to gamble in labour , and the consequent want of any regulation of supply and

      demand . Nothing is so necessary in trade as the discreet application of capital , even to the manufacturing of goods for a home market , and if this circumspection be necessary ( which few will deny ) in a market over which the speculator may have some controul , how much more necessary does it become for the Government of those , who manufacture for foreign markets , and over which contending parties may have a greater controul ? If by chance those graziers who supply the London market with meat , ' were to glut the market , they would speedily see till ' effects-of over supply .

      v \ e contend that we have all the means of successfully competing with the foreigner , if the supply was regulated by the demand , and if extravagant speculation on labour , in consequence of the hi gh profit upon it , was taken away . We further assert that under a wise system of Government , every community ( consisting of master , overseer , and operatives , and with an equitable distribution of profits ) could

      successfully compete with and undersell the foreigner in his own market . We are ready to admit , that so long as the entire profit goes to one , while those who work for him are subject to his whim and speculation , the English manufacturer , and also the operative , by the master ' s folly and avarice , will be subjected to fluctuation and uncertainty in the foreign market .

      "When an idle speculator with a large capital , sees prices low and consequently labour-low , he-can . speculate upon a rise , and employ hands at a reduced rate of wages , whereas he thereby continues the glut , and increases the general difficulty which he would , have no inducement to do , if all equally shared prosperity and adversity . There are some matters at which a mere superficial glance is sufficient to create suspicion and cause enquiry . The daily rise and elevation of a set of the most ignorant class iu society , has induced the working classes , even that portion which do not understand the cause of their

      poverty , to view with suspicion a system which thus confers upon a body the means of unjustly extracting from labour au amount of wealth heretofore unprecedent in any age or country . It is no uncommon circumstance to meet some thirty or forty of those white slave merchants , who talk , bye the bye about the blacks , at a market house ; and to learn that some 15 years ago they every one of them worked at the shuttle ; but that they are now worth from fifty thousand to two hundred thousand pounds a man . Divide then the unjust profits amongst the community who have worked for them , and we

      should soon find that foreign competition meant nothing more or less than home plunder . The foreigner has neither money nor machinery to manufacture , and hold stock for our market till it becomes glutted , and if ke had , the effect would he a very speedy reduction even in the pitiful wages of the serf , who , by the way , has fewer grievances , and a much more regular mode of life , bad as it \ s , than English operatives , who are compelled to undersell themselves in their own , and in foreign markets , by being worked till the store-houses are full of their produce , and being then offered the alternative either to work at a rate that . will be les

      expensive than keeping the idle inachinery in repair , or starving . The great monopoly which the Feudal Lord had in the land , ( and indeed he has yet too great a power of lettipg . it or keeping it idle , ) produced the vassalage of the agricultural slaves ; and the unrestricted power which masters , now have , together with their increasing political power , to preserve monopoly , will establish , nay , has established , a worse description of manufacturing vassalage . In this dreadful gystem ) which enlists the m ' ost sordid propensities of avarice and -

      -speculation , aud all the worst passions to which . flesh is heir , we recognise the complete breaking tip of society . The Feudal System was a blessing" to it . A tyrant landlord can be oppressive but . ' twice a year , and his hard heart may relax , ( but English landlords are not tyrants , they are , for ' the - most part , gentlemen , wei merely ' quarrel' with the political power which possession" gives { hem , ) while the man who rnafea ai . profit on each' hour ' s labour never relates , and nfe ceases to' Value hia slave when his power to produce to the Ulmbst fails .

      These two questions orovgf-pbpuiatton and foreign competition harvejbeerithe ^ stalkitfg horses of those who traffic in labour , arid in this folly thesBop keepers joined , so long as tncy could Tie politically fashionable with tKe inouied order and " gorgeb' u ' sly supported by the millions . But the Wbble has' Durst , and ' we can now boast of having in our prisse 8 sion several letters from some of the formerly mofft . violent of the shop keepers , all expressing suirprfee ' at tfie impercettible thtiir t

      manner in which they had 108 ? TjusiiieW jand a desire to know wherein is tfie rem'edy . A : pboT : community' will make * Kbp ' keeper * pW > r ; a well paid community will ' . nn * V ^' 6 ^ 'l ^ p ^ r ¥ ' ^ cn - ; ' . fe ' t- - . then the shop keepers ^ hbfiave vo ^ erand who lfVe fy the people , join the peo ^ fd ^ jtist aeteaioiSf their rights , and tbey ^ in ; find" ^^| ndse ? ifign 1 fe' vtill be directed to ah equitaole dfstriB ^^ dtt ' of IKprofits on labour , a fair ' - portrait of wMch ^ bold ' find ite way into the till of thesnop mini 1 : ' - ;' n " ' : ; : ;

      Untitled Article

      May 5 , 1838 . ' THE NQRIfiERN STAR , of the i ^^ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ -. ¦ . -. .. == ^^^ 25 aHH 5 P

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 5, 1838, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1004/page/3/