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TO MT BBOTHER CHABTISTS.
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Ht bklotkd Bbqihkrs AM) Fbiemjs,—I have ...
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THE SHEFFIELD CHARTISTS AXD MR. H. G. WA...
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TO TSTK EDITOR OT THS NORTHERN 5TABSra,—...
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Untitled
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N.B. We wish, also, to know what class o...
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IMPORTANT TO WORKING THE UNITED PATRIOTS...
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Cbai'it'j-n 3EnteUtcrctttt
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Nominations for. Executive.—Bristol—Geor...
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HALIFAX—On Thursday the Sth, a public me...
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$ ovti)Comin% Cfcatrttgt $&eetiYi%9
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Mb. O'Cohnor will address the Chartists ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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To Mt Bbother Chabtists.
TO MT BBOTHER CHABTISTS .
Ht Bklotkd Bbqihkrs Am) Fbiemjs,—I Have ...
Ht bklotkd _Bbqihkrs AM ) _Fbiemjs , —I have been kept _soiiard at work , sines I last wrote to you , that I _ind it impossible to steal time for a letter a part from agitation this week . I intended one for Cobden . I can , however , only ** report progress . " FBIDAT . We had a _glorioas day In Manchester . I was np early , and went before breakfast about two miles to inspect a fine piece of ground that the Manchester wire-workers have taken as a means of supporting { Heir poor _, That 13- the real principle of ** Poor Laws . " On lay return to Manchester , Stevenson ' s Square , and every avenue leading to it , was crammed as early as ten o ' eloek _, to . form in procession to meet oar . * © ten ' Duncombe ; and when the forces .. started , it "was the largest beginning of a procession ever beheld , even in Manchester j but , alas 1 before half- past _^ eleven , the rain fell in torrents , and all were drenched to the skin , However ,
as Chartists are ** neither sugar nor salt , " tbey Blustered again at half-past two , and filled tht . square . Prom thence we proceeded to the station , at a _quarter-past three , to meet " our sab . " Again the rain fell in torrents ; but not a man left the ranks . Again we proceeded to the Square , and had the Square again full , and another meeting . Mr . Duncombe received the fullreward of his honest services . At night one thousand sat down to tea in Carpenter ' s HalL and another one thousand were disappointed . We had a _l most glorious gathering . We petitioned at each out-door meeting against the Masters and Servants ' . Bill . 3 _fox __ the Ten Honrs" Bill ; for the Charter : and passed a resolution against Lord Eliot ' s _DtsfranemseiRent x > f Ireland Bill .
SUKDAT . On Sunday , — "the better day the better _4 eedV ' —I addressed the u new-born" Chartists of Xeeds In their splendid hall ; and it was fall of one of the finest audiences I ever beheld . There is no circumstance that gives me so much pleasure as the progress made by my townsmen in the glorious cause . I do not get a better audience in any town in England , than at Leeds ; and all because they have now got a good meeting-room , as good as any jnthe kingdom . O that every town had as good a one . Manchester must look sharp , or Leeds will be on its toes ; it is already on its heels . At Leeds all are for the Ten Hours * Bill , and laugh at the masters' opposition . All are opposed to the Irish _Begistration Bill , and to the Masters ' and Tenants ' Bill ; and 1 need not say that all are for the Charter .
KOffDAT _. On Monday morning I left Leeds for Manchester , and "Went to Oldham with onr noble friend Roberts . It seemed as if the whole population had assembled to meet ns at the Oldham Station . From thence we proceeded to lay the foundation-stone of the new Democratic College , The thing was a mile and a ialf long ; not of a j > rocession , aur of a aroriss _auss . It was a glorious demonstration of " WE aK AKD CONTEMPTIBLE CHARTISM . " Yon will see a report of the proceedings , which were most cheering . The new Hall , of which I laid the foundation-stone , will , at six to a square yard , accommodate 3 _^ 00 persons . Is not that " WEAK and
CONTEMPTIBLE" * Oldham will return a Chartist Member next election . Mr . Fielden has lost much popularity by joining Stnrge in his abuse of the Chartists ; and should he attempt to nominate or dictate , lie loses his own seat . Oldham is in a £ ne position . The " shams" want to force the gallant General Johnson to resign , as he is too independent , in the hope of shoving some M political _ixdlar" in his place ; but I trust the good and faithful old Chartists will not gratify them with a chance of making fools of themselves . In Oldham they are all for the Ten Honrs' BQl , and against the Irish Registration Bill and the Masters' and Servants'BilL
TUESDAY , On Tuesday we had a glorious meeting at Stockport , but JLotST Dick did not attend , and only one of his friends , a mad publican , was mad enough to take np cudgels for him . Here also all ar e for a Ten H ours ' Bill , and are against the Irish Registration Bill , and the Masters and Servants' BilL Cobdenis very unpopular in Stocknort , especially with the "LOUSY IRISH / 1 as he so lovingly calls them .
WEDNESDAY . To-night I go to Bury . On IH » 2 SI > AT I have to be at Rochdale : and on
SCSDAT I shall devote the whole day to Groeott _' s Chartist School , at Carpenter ' s Hall , —a glorious establishment—a great intellectual hot-bed . 1 trust that all who love knowledge will bring a trifle to aid in the undertaking . In the evening 1 shall address the meeting in "the Ball , when I wSl make a subscription to bring _M'Doeall back . On that occasion 1 . shall enter fully into the question of the Irish Registration BiD . I select that question now , as it is the most important tine ever yet submitted to the people of both countries .
The "Whig Reform Bill was unimportant compared with this new Tory Reform Bill . For God's sake let us not be caught napping . We must have no difference with the opponents of this measure , or with the supporters of the Ten Hour Bill . This Tory Befonn BiB proposes a permanent mischief ; one Which we never could undo . The Enghsh press will not understand it ; the _Kngliah and the Irish people must . Don ' t stop for one moment to consider whether tie Whigs must eome in if the Tories go ont . Never mind that ; but think that if the Tories carry this bill , ion sever can jut ism onr ! How mark me , Englishmen : if this bill be carried you may immediately make np your minds to become willing slaves . Every one most join in petitioning against thi 3 Tory Reform Bill ; and surely , when I am opposed to sny old _tatjtAsrfRS , I must _consider it a bad measure . No time must be lost . This Bill must be strangled by
public opinion . The Convention will doubtless petition against it ; and _wfll probably call a public meeting next week , in Stevenson ' s-square , on behalf of Ireland , and to petition against it . Never mind , that O'Connell is against it ; and that the Whigs are against is . Remember that our opposition only goes to ihe _OBSTRrcnos of evil , and not to _rrsz obstruct ! or ? or coon . London ought to call a meeting for the 22 nd , to petition against it—an outdoor meeting ; 1 , for one , will _attena it . All our speeches at those meetings should be mild , but forcible and convincing . Scotland should be np ; and every village , town , and city in the kingdom should petition , and call npon her Majesty to dis * miss those ministers who have so nnblushrngly and presumptuously transformed her promised boon into an act of the grossest opposition . Resist thb Bill ; and don ' t forget your vAves and little children at the g » _ma Lime—TEN HOURS FOR
THEM . Ever jour faithful friend . Feargtjs _O'CONNOS .
The Sheffield Chartists Axd Mr. H. G. Wa...
THE SHEFFIELD CHARTISTS _AXD MR . H . G . WARD , M . P .
To Tstk Editor Ot Ths Northern 5tabsra,—...
TO _TSTK EDITOR OT THS NORTHERN 5 _TABSra , —The Sheffield Chartists having written to Mr . Ward , the Member for Sheffield , asking f or an explanation of certain passages in a speech of his , reported in the Sun newspaper of March 23 rd , and as that gentleman has thought proper to publish tbat letter and _hisjgply in the Weekly Chronicle and thB Shrffteld Independent , and as the latter is evidently a one-sided statement of the question at issue , may "we request that yon will give the published correspondence , with our reply , a place in the columns of yonr widely-circulated journal ! We remain , in the cause of truth , Yours , respectfully , The Sheffield Chabtists .
ko . 1 . 45 , Silver-street , Sheffield , March 27 , 1844 . Sis , —At a numerous meeting of the Members of ; the Sheffield National Charter Association , held in ! their room , Fig Tree-lane , the Debate on the Fac- j lory Bui was brought under notice , when yonr i speeches , and vote , met with universal condemnation , ? particularly your speech on Friday , the 22 ad , as reported iu the Sun Newspaper of Saturday , the * 23 rd March . The following resolution was passed : nnanimously : — j
"That , having heard the speech of our Member < we cannot say Representative ) , H . G . Ward , Esq _^ particularly that port alluding to the Chartists and th _& Chartist press , we deem it onr duty to correspond frith that gentleman , to ascertain if he is correctly reported , and , if so , to ask for an explanation , why le should gratuitously insult , in his place in _Parliament , a large proportion of the working classes , including a considerable portion of his own constituents . ; and likewise to ex press our decided disapprobation of the vote he gave on tbat occasion . "
The following , Sir , are the words alluded 10 ; after Baying that the eondnct of the Lord Howickhad given _aureat "impulse" to the Chartist movement , the Sun reports i M He believed that all the theories which he bad heard in the course of this debate had been previously advocated in the Chartist press , and at those meetings at which Mr . Oastler and his _Jariy attended , -he regretted that tbe respectable names whieh were to be found amongst the leaders of the party to which be was attached had lent their auction to those _doctrines , which he had often heard
before , but never before from men who were not too _tirnenlcnB to be seriously attended to ? ' w e wish to _* now _, Sir , whether the Chartist body , who seek for jrotection for their labour , are " too ridiculous to be seriously attended to" ! and we wish to state that , if _* ae principle of " protection" be a sound one , its _advocacy in the * Chartist press ** would not make it _fckej and if the principle of ** non-protection" be an _sasonnd one , its advocacy in the - _** . Leagne' press * oul 4 not make it true . .. _^ Hoping you will answer this at your earliest con'euenee , - . - - -- ' I remain , nn behalf of the Association , "With _jseatrespect , jour obedient servant , _^ John _Wbst . H _59 . _'W & ra , _Esgn _M . P
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N.B. We Wish, Also, To Know What Class O...
N . B . We wish , also , to know what class of workmen contend for working only four , two , or one hour per day !
ko . n . Sib , —I expected the admonition , of which I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt ; for though it is always most gratifying to me to find myself npon good terms . with the National Charter Association , of Fig Tree-lane , we differ too widely on many important points , for our treaties of peace and amity ever to last long . In the present instance , yon have done me some injustice ; for , to the best of my recollection and belief , I applied the term " ridiculous" to doctrines
not to men . The word waB ill-chosen .. It escaped me in the heat of debate . But if I owe an apology for it to any one , it wonld be , not to the Working Classes as a body , —for I sympathise with them too sincerely , and have too just an idea of their value , to speak lightly even of their mistakes—but to my own Whig friends , Lord John Russell , and Lord Howick , of whom I said " that I regretted to see them lending the sanction of their respected , political , names to theories , which , when brought forward by Mr . _Feargns O'Connor and Mr . Oastler , had been looked upon as too ridiculous to be seriously discussed . "
\ I believe these to have been my very words . That you should dislike them , I _xjuite understand . Bnt you must , at least , do me tbe justice to allow , that I have never used stronger language " in my place in Parliament , " when speaking of the plans of your leaders , than I have done in Paradise Square , where I have always told you that 1 regarded them as wild and impracticable , but , above all , as calculated to inflict irreparable injury on yourselves . If I _thongbt that I could _fbotect" labour by Act of Parliament—using the word in jour own Bensethat I conld restrict production , without reducing the demand for labonr , and consequently the value
of labonr , which wages represent , I wonld , as I said the other night , join heart and hand with Mr . Ferxand and Mr . Fielden , in support of an Eight Hours' Bill . Upon all moral and social grounds , eight hours of work are better than ten , just as ten hours are better than twelve ; nor do I see upon what principle such inestimable boons as increased leisure , improved education , and invigorated health , supposing tbem to be within our reach , are to be confined to tbe factory districts , when I know that four-fifths of my own constituents are much harder worked , and infinitely worse paid , than those employed in that particular branch of industry which Lord Ashley proposes to protect .
Bnt it is my firm and unalterable belief , that he cannot protect any body ; and that any Legislative -attempt to alter the relations between Capital and Labonr in this country can only do harm . Tbey must be left to find their own level . I know that this is not the Chartist creed . You say that , by limiting production , the value of labour may be sustained and even enhanced , because there will be more purchasers for fewer goods , and the manufacturer , getting a higher price npon a smaller quantity , will be able still to pay the same wages to his men . It was to this that I alluded when I said that the argument of the operatives went far beyond a Ten Hours' B 01 ; for if it hold good with regard to ten hours , it will hold good equally with regard to eight , —or fonr , —or two , —or even one;—as was admitted by the witnesses examined before the Factory Commission in 1834 , whose evidence , quoted by Mr . Warburtoa , as well as by me , you do not seem to have seen .
One of them said , " Bringing down the hours of labonr to ten will rather raise wages than lower them . " " It would continue in the same way , if work was brought down to eight hours . " u I think ii would hold all through , if you brought it down to oss hour . " ** The shorter time a man workt , the more he will gel for his labour , in proportion . " _ _, You forget two tbiBgs in this;—first , that Cheapness is the condition of extended sale , even at home ;—and secondly , that supposing we could establish a standard of price here , independent of the natural laws of Demand and Supply , in the Foreign Markets , to which we export £ 35 , 000 , 000 of manufactured goods annaally , we can never hope
to maintain onr ground by any other means than superior cheapness— -the fruit of superior skill . There was no other reason for the virtual monopoly that we once enjoyed in many markets that we have now lost ; and if , at this critical time , when we are pressed on all sides by rivals almost as ingenious and industrious as ourselves , the operatives of England , in lieu of seconding the masters in their endeavour to improve and simplify the process of production , were unhappily to succeed in inducing the . legislature to hamper it by fresh restrictions , they wonld throw a decided preponderance into the scale of their opponents , and would live to learn too late the fatal character of their own mistake .
For instead of new mills being bnilt , and fresh labonr required , the hands now employed in the foreign market would be thrown into tho home market . Wages iu every branch of industry would fall to the lowest level , because the more there aTe to share in a given quantity , the less must be the share of each ; and instead of that high scale of comfdrt which the well-employed operatives in the factory districts still enjoy , they would be driven to compete with you in a frantio struggle for bread . Snch are my convictions . Snch are the justification of my recent vote , and of the course which I shall take in the discussions on Lord Ashley ' s Bill . The principles , to which I appeal , are not " unsound " because denounced by the Chartist _PresB , or _* sound " because advocated by the Leagne , or by me . They
sues , true or untrue , as tested by experience and feels , to which alone reasonable men appeal . But , believing as I do , that Lord Ashley ' s theories are founded upon the most narrow and superficial view of these tacts , —that the Commercial question , which he refuses to touch , is , in reality , the whole question , —and that without the clearest possible perception ofthe consequences of what he is doing , no man has a right to hazard so tremendous an experiment , or to encourage the delusive expectations , which your own correspondence with me proves that the very idea of its being seriously entertained by the Legislature _haB given rise to , —I must decline holding out the slightest expectation that 1 can so ill discharge my dnty to yon as your " Member " , —your " Representative , " you say 1 am not , —as to assist you in realizing your present schemes _.
I have now merely to remind you that I have no personal interest whatever to bias me upon this question , to which I have given the most anxious consideration , because it affects you . I have read much about it , —heard much—and seen something ; and I affirm , withont any reserve that , with the single exception of the evidence given before Mr . Sadler's one-sided Gommittee , in 1833 , evidence so notoriously prejudiced and partial , so unscrupulous in its assertions , and so untrustworthy in its facts , that nobody now ventures to appeal to it , the result of every inquiry since made , whether by the
Government Commission in 1834 , or by private individuals , like Dr . Cooke Taylor , or by the Factory Inspectors in their annual reports , proves , that making due allowance for those evils which seem inseparable from the social state , and which may be traced in thi 3 country more especially to the want of proper bnilding regulations in great towns , the labourer employed in factories _esjoys advantages possessed by no other class ofthe working population of England , a higher standard of remuneration , more regular employment , and a kind of work so light in earlier years , as to be compatible with the highest health .
I only wish that I could see every intelligent operative in Sheffield in possession of the wages paid habitually in the establishments of Mr . Ashworih or Mr . Gregg , ranging from £ 50 to £ 70 , £ 90 , £ 109 , £ 143 , and £ 170 per family . Yon would view the matter then in a very different light , if Parliament were invited to tamper with a system producing such results , by gentlemen , who , like Lord Ashley , and many of his supporters , are exquisitely sensible to _^ _svils , which they think they can remedy at other people ' s expence , but blind to the fact , tbat they are themselves helping to produce those evils by laws which stint the general supply of food for the benefit of their own particular class ; for who can doubt that _^ in a country where the population is increasing at the rate of 1 , 000 a day the struggle for food is the primary cause of everything that is termed " overwork I "
For these reasons , Gentlemen , I must repeat that , however sincerely I may regret this difference with you , you must not expect my aid in killing the goose with the golden eggs . 1 like popularity as well as any man , but I like truth better ; and unless you can prove my facts to be untrue , which Id © not helievei I shall prefer your permanent interests to yonr present applause , and vote against any further interference with adult labonr on the partpf Parlia ment , "believing that the working classes are mnch better judges of their own affairs than Lord Ashley or Mr . Charles Duller ; and tbat the question is one with which the House of Commons , as a body easily biassed by party , or personal feelings , and totally ignorant of practical details , is _pre-eminently nnfit to deal . I remain , Gentlemen , Your very faithful and obedient servant , H , G . _Wa-an .
N.B. We Wish, Also, To Know What Class O...
LETTER III . 49 , Silver-street , Sheffield , April 9 th , 1844 . Sir , —On behalf of the Sheffield National Charter Asbociation I have to acknowledge the receipt of yonr communication , of the 2 nd instant , in reply to mine of the 27 th March , and I am instructed to forward you this tbeir reply , which has also been unanimously adopted at a publio meeting of the Inhabitants , convened by advertisement , and held this day , April 9 th . Wo are not conscious of having done you any " injustice "—at least snch was not intended—by inquiring if you were *' . correctly" reported : as
that report admitted of no other construction but that you had applied tbe term " ridiculous" to " men" and not to " doctrines . " HoweveT , as you have disclaimed the application , and admit the word was " ill chosen , " and * ' escaped you in the heat of debate , " and further invite us to " prove your _faots untrue , " we cheerfully accept your explanation , and as cheerfully attend to your invitation ; although from the _decided tone that pervades your letter , we fear you have drank too deeply at the fountain of " Maltbusianism , " to allow us to entertain any great hope that the plain common _sent > e of working-men will make any lasting impression npon you .
We think you are mistaken as to the " sense" in which we use the word " protection , " as applied to a Ten Hours' Bill . We do not believe that " production" regulates " demand . '' Nor do we believe that _restricting production wonld " lessen" the " demand for labour . " We hold that increased demand calls forth increased production ; not that _increased production produces increased demand . But the principle involved in a Ten Hours' Bill is _regulation , the great and main spring of social order .
Not to restrict production , but to give more extended and uniform employment ; to restrain undue speculation ; to give to the honest trader a fair protection against his unprincipled and avaricious neighbour ; to prevent monthly gushes of _"Faosfzritt" and yearly u oluts' and " fanics , " with their consequent depreciation of labour and reduction of wages , which the present system compels us painfully to experience ourselves , and to witness in every department of manufacturing industry .
That such _regulation would not " restnot production , " we infer from "facta and experience , to which alone reasonable men appeal . " In 1819 , when Sir Robert Peel ' s Act reduced the hours of labour to seventy-two hours a week , the consumption of cotton was 1 , 000 , 000 lbs . In 1131 , when the hours of labour were reduced to sixty-nine , it was 262 , 000 , 000 lbs . In 1833 , when the hours of labour of children under thirteen years of age were reduced to fortyeight , the consumption was 287 , 000 , 000 lbs . In 1840 it was 458 , 000 , 000 lbs , ; and we believe has since gone on increasing . It is said that ** like causes produce like effects f and we think the axiom will hold good in this case .
As to the reduction of wages , if your own statement as to the "high standard of remuneration " be correct , it is a sufficient answer to that part of the question , without our having to enter into details . Hours of labour have been lessened : according to you , wages continue high . We hold " regolaton" to be necessary , —though we believe demand and supply to be the natural laws that regulate trade , —because we have now amongst us two kinds of supply , or _productive power ; the one " natural , " the other "artificial . " The " natural , " which is manual labour , is a consuming as well as a producing power , and is thus self regulated . The " artificial , " which is chemical and mechanical , is a producing , but not a consuming power and _DUIASDS _REOULATlOH _, "
In 1792 , the population was 15 . 000 . 000 Manual labour , kairlt men 3 , 750 . 000 Estimated mechanical and scientific _newer ., 11 , 250 , 000
Total productive power 15 , 000 , 000 Population and the productive power , being as one to one . In 1840 , the population wa ? 27 , 000 , 000 Manual labonr including WOMEN and CHILDREN . " 9 , 000 , 000 Estimated mechanical and scientific power , according to high authority . 600 , 000 , 000
Total 609 , 000 , 000 Population and the productive power being as twenty-two to one . This , Sir , we think , _callslondly f or " regulation . " To regulate may not be in accordance with the principles of u Political Economy ; " but we think it is common sense , to the dictates of whioh , if the Legislature were to paj a little more attention , it would be all the better for all parties concerned . One of your objections to Lord Ashley ' s Bill is because you think the Sheffield artizaaa should enjoy the same advantages as the factory operative . Permit us to quiet your alarms on that head . The Sheffield artizans , being less depevdant on the large Capitaliststhan the poor toil-worn Factory slave , have
done that tor themselves which the legislature has too long neglected and refused to do . They are now " regulating production" in the various branches of the Sheffield trade . Some are working ten hours , some eight , and some six ! ss they find it necessary . You justly _j ? ay "they are the best judges of their own affairs . " They find the system to work well for ifum . The middle classes , too , experience the benefits . The paupers are being taken from the parish , and are gelling their share of employment . The Colliers , too , in large bodies , are demonstrating the soundness of tho principle of * regulating" production . Other trades are following the example , with similar beneficial results . Why will you therefore , Sir , shut your eyes to these
"facts , " and refuse to learn wisdom from those whom you acknowledge to be the " best judges of their own affairs" that you may speculate upon what are called " Logical Theorems" and " Political Axioms . " You say you believe "Lord Ashley cannot protect ) any body ; and that capital and labour should he left to find their own level . " It has long been onr opinion , that there can be no permanent "protection" for the working man , until he is enfranchised . 'Tis true Lord Ashley does not offer to give him the vote ; nor . do you , Sir . But there is this difference between ye : his Lordship takes a step in the right direotion _, by restraining , in a degree _^ the inroads that
grinding capital has made , and is still making , upon the rights of labour ; while you would leave them to find their " own level . " We have long been at a loss , to know , what is the _^ level" that capital will assign to labour . For years has it been the hope of the poor toil-worn slaves , that they had got to the lowest" level '" "We can't be worse than we are , " was the melancholy reflection . Delusive hope 1 Each succeeding year , has' convinced them , that in tbe " lowest deep" there was a deeper still . Capital was not sufficiently gorged—and unprotected labour was compelled again te suffer . In your next communication , Sir , perhaps you will be kind enough to inform us , what IS the "Level" Capital will assign to Labour ..
Your straining of-the argument down to working " one soon per day , " is totally leaving out of the question , the principle involved , — " regulation : " for with equal justice might we urge that if twelve hours labour are better , in a commercial point of view" than ten , —so are twenty-three better than twelve ! a mode of argument which all sensible men would justly consider " too ridiculous to be seriously entertained" ! On all moral and sooial grounds , you admit the argument is on our side . What then are your objections ! What is the " commercial" ground , which you say "is , in fact , the whole question" and " which Lerd Ashley refuses
to touch . " As . we , however , have no qualms on the matter , we freely join issue with you on thai part ofthe question . We . cannot boast _ofhigft educational attainments ; but we believe " truth is powerful , and will prevail . " You say " cheapness is the condition of extended sale "; [ extended speculation we think would express it betterl ; " and that we can never hope to maintain , par ground rn foreign markets by any other means than superior cheapness , the fruit of superior skill "; " that there was no other reason for the virtual monopoly titat we once enjoyed in many markets that we now have lost . " We _thinathere were « therreasons . During
N.B. We Wish, Also, To Know What Class O...
the continental war , England enjoyed all the advantages of peace . ' There was no devastating army marching through her land ; no insecurity for the investment of capital ; no burning or sacking of towns ; no let or hindrance to her manufacturing pursuits . , .,- Not , so frith the continental nations , many of who _^^ trl _^ _Sw our " rivals . " That was one reason , and we think the main one , for ? bur " virtual monopoly . " But peace came > and with it foreign nations tamed their attention to finding employment for their own people . Capitalists embarked in manufactures ; many nations being driven to it by the fraudulent nature ef our trade ; our " sow metal " cutlery ; our "devil ' sdust" woollens ; our " pastedaubed" cottons . It is notorious that these spurious
productiqns formed a considerable portion of our export trade . 'Tis true we had " superior skill " ( or cunning and fraud ) , and could undersoil the foreign manufacturer ; but their Governments wisely enacted restrictive and prohioitory laws , to foster , encourage , and protect their own trade . ! Still " we must maintain our foreign ttade . " So we have kept " cheapening , " to tempt cupidity , by yearly giving increased quanties of goods for decreased quantity of value : and now as you well : say "the foreigners are almost as ingenious and industrious as ourselves . " What little difference did exist in point of skill on our part , your school of " philosophers" have destroyed by the free exportation of miichinery , by which foreign nations are enabled to have our newest designs in many instances even before _oursolves ; and therefore all reasonable men agree that our foreign trade is irrecoverably lost . But , Sir , " cheapness" is not always the fruit of " superior skill . " It is more
often the fruit of unrequited labour ; for the wages of labour is one of the elements that enter largely into the cost of production ; and we find that as we have gone on " cheapening , " thf . wages of labour have _coRRESPONDiriflLY _decreased—thehomc market has been destroyed ; aud thia suicidal system of commercial policy has , we fear , " killed the goose with the golden eggs . " Wo thank you , Sir , for the admission that we cannot compete with foreigners but by " superior cheapness . " That , wo fearlessly assert , cannot be effected but by a reduction of the wages of labour ; tor foreigners have the raw material at home ; a cheaper motive power in water ; and our newest machinery freely exported . We have long been aware of this fact , and in our discussions with the Free Traders have frrquently urged it ; but they have as stoutly donied it . Your admission however , in all onr future _disoussions , will be an indisputable authority .
But let us go to " experience and facts" to find out the benefits of "cheapening , " to maintain our " foreign markets . " In 1798 we exported iu _quantity , or official value £ 19 , 672 , 503 ; we received in real value £ 33 , H 8 , 6 ' 82 : in 1840 we exported in _quantity or official value £ 102 . 705 . 372 ! ! We received in real value £ 51 , 406 , 430 I !! so that in 1840 we had increased our foreign trade jive fold , and received but about one and a half times its value ! In other wdrds , had we been paid at the same rate for raw material and labour in 1840 , as we were in 1798 , wo ought to have received £ 171 , 000 , 000 , while we only did receive £ 51 , 406 , 4301 ! ! Rare blessing this , Sir ! We can afford to "grow rich by the loss ! " What a stupid set of dolts we are , not to
be in love with the system , especially when we know that to effect this enormous satrifice the wages of labour have been reduced . This " fact , " Sir , may be taken as one answer why destitution prevails to suoh an extent among the labouring classes . But , Sir , the above is not the only effect of your •* cheapening : " for though the wages of labour are thusreduced , there is a large class who .-e wages must not be reduced : the tax eaters , the fund lords , the dead weight men , the placemen , and pensioners . Their wages are fixed amounts of money , not quantities of labour ; thorefore every "cheapening" adds to their income and our burdens , though with diminished means to support them . For instance ; suppose our taxation to be £ 53 , 000 , 000 ;
that would _phrohase a given quantity of produce at present prioes . Reduce those price' one-fourth , and we should pay in produce £ 66 , 000 , 000 instead of £ 35 000 0001 Reduce priceB one-third , and we should say £ 70 , 00 * 1 , 000 instead of £ 53 , 000 , 000 !!! Reduce prices one-half , and we should pay in produce 79 , 000 , 000 instead of £ _* 3 _, 000 , 000 !!! Manifold and incalculable _benefits these , to tho hard working operative , who is doomed to be the paymaster 1 Keep " cheapening" by all means 1 Sir , we leave that portion of the argument for tho present . We think we have said sufficient to disprove your assumed facts , and establish real ones . At another time we may enter more at length into the question , if you give us the opportunity ; or if not , when you next appear in Paradise-square .
The high wages " habitually paid" of which you speak , are , we fear , like " angels visits—few and far between . " If you mean by your statement to say that the general condition of the labourers in the manufacturing districts is good , or even tolerable , you directly impeach the veracity ofthe " Anti-Corn Law League ; " for that body , at their conferences , their delegate meetings ' , and at their gatherings of ministers , have put forth such tales of woe , such statements of the amount of crime , starvation , wretchedness , and misery in the manufacturing
towns , as have caused the blood to curdle in our veins . You , Sir , cannot be ignorant of those statements : and both accounts cannot be true . " When doctors disagree who shall decide 1 " We leave you , Sir . and yonr friends to reconcile the discrepancy . We have only one other subject to allude to ; and that is , the lightness of factory labour in early years . Sir , it Ib not the' heaviness of the labour that we complain of ; it is the length of the hours of toil . Threading a needle is light labour ; but to work at it for twelve hours would be considered a physical evil .
Sir , we do not ask you to " kill the goose with the golden eggs ; " but we ask for your assistance to beat off the robbers who are watching every opportunity to steal it from us . In conclusion we must express sorrow that you should have thought it necessary to publish our correspondence before it was concluded . We do not mean to say you merely wished a ene sided statement to appear ; but we trust to your sense of justice to procure the insertion of our reply in the same channels of communication , as your statement apptared in . I remain , Sir , On behalf of the Association , With due _respeot , Your obedient Servant , John West . H . G . Ward , Esq ., M . P .
Important To Working The United Patriots...
IMPORTANT TO WORKING THE UNITED PATRIOTS' BENEFIT AND 1843 , Enrolled and Emoowered by Act of Pat EN IN TOWN OR COUNTRY . 'ROVIDENT SOCIETY , Instituted February 7 th , _iment toextend over the United KingdomFree to
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a portion of Benefits on Entering . Office , 59 , Tottei Young Men joined this Institution in less than 1 persons in Town or Country , to provide _themselvr UnioB , whose income or weekly-earnings are from Age , with Annuity to its Members . Weekly Meetings , for the admission of Membe can enrol their names by paying the Entrance JM any time . BRANCHES are being formed , and SUB-SE KINGDOM . Remember it is noble , generous , and good , to lin reflection , that the "Widow and Orphans of your t fellow-men . Blank Forms and Information , for the _Admiss : pre-paid , enclosing Three Postage Stamps , to D . W . RUFFY , General Seore . _am-Cburt Road , London . Upwards of 300 Healthy elve Months . It affords an opportunity to healthy igainst Old Age , Sickness , Death , and a Poor Law _Os . to 24 s . per week . It ensures an Asylum in Old _, every Tuesday Evenlrtg , at Eight o'Clook . Persons ley at the Society ' s Meeting House , any day and at ElETARIES appointed , in all partsof the UNITED knowing you can leave the World with the consoling 10 m are left to the Justice , not the Charity of your 1 of Country Members , can bo obtained , by Letter , py , 13 , Tottenham-Court Road , St . Panoras .
Cbai'it'j-N 3enteutcrctttt
_Cbai'it ' _j-n 3 _EnteUtcrctttt
Nominations For. Executive.—Bristol—Geor...
Nominations for . Executive . —Bristol—George White , Ruffey Ridley , Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., Philip _M'Giath , T . M . Wheeler . Carrington—Feargus O ' Connor , Esq ., P . _M'Grath , T . M . Wheeler , James Leach , Henry Dorman . Basford—Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., James Leacb , J H . Bairstow , P . M'Grath , T . M . Wheeler . Arnold—Feargus O'Connor . P . M'Grath , H . Dormon , George White . C . Doyle . Radfprd—Feargus O Connor , Dr . _M'Dduall , James Leach , T . M . Wheeler , George White . Bradford—Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., Dr . M'Douall , T . M . Wheeler , David Ross . Tavistock —Feargus O'Connor , E « q ., t . Clark , P . M'Grath , T . M . Wheeler , Henry Rom . Long Buckby—David Ross , William Jones , Samuel Parkes , James Leach , George White . Stockport Youths '—James Leaoh , J . H . Bairetow , Christopher Doyle , F _, O'Connor , Esq ., P . M'Grath . Mill Bank , Sowerby—F . O'Connor , Esq ., T .
M . Wheeler , P . M'Grath , H . Ross . Ruffey Ridley . Nottingham , Chapel Locality—F . O'Connor , Esq , P . M'Grath , T . M . Wheeler , Andrew Wardiope , Dr . M'Douall . Oldham—Feargus O'Connor , James Leach , Dr . M'Douall , William Bell , Samuel Kydd . Emtnett's Brigade—Philip : M'Grath , T . Clark , C . Doyle , F . O'Connor , Esq ., T . M . Wheeler . Nottingham , Byron Ward—F . O'Connor , Esq * James Leach , P . M'Grath , T . M . Wheeler , H . Dorman . Nottingham , St . Ann's Ward—P . O'Connor , Esq . ' Philip M'Grath , Henry Dorman , C . Doyle , T * _M _. _' _Wne _6 _la Dewrtmry—T . M . Wheeler , James Leach , David Ross , Thomas' Clark , Dr . M'Douall . Bradford , George-street _^ P . M'Grath , Feargua O'Connor , T . M . Wheeler , T . Clark , D . Ross . Lambeth—J . Leach , F . O'Connor , Esq ., : P . M'Grath , T . Clark , T , M . Wheeler . Colhe—F . O'Connor , _Esqt , R . Marsden , J . Leach , W . Dixon , J . H . Bairetow . Cllfheroe—F . O'Connor , Est ., P , M . M'D « n » lL Jamas
Nominations For. Executive.—Bristol—Geor...
_Lsacb , J . H . Bairstow , D . Ross . Preston—James Leach , George White , J . H . Bairstow , T . Clark , T . M . Wheeeler . Salisbury—T . M . Wheeler . _Tadmorden—James Leacb , F . O'Connor , _jEsq ., C- Doyle . Dr . M'Douall , T . Clarke . Asbton-urider-Lyne .. P . M'Grath , C . Doyle , J . H . Bairstow , T . M . Wheeler , James Leach . Truro—George White , T . Clark , Patrick OHi _^ gina _, Feargus O'Connor , T . M . Wheeler . London , Golden Lion—F . O'Connor , Eeq ., Wm * Cuffay , P . M'Grath , A . Hunnibell , T . Clark . Hindley—J . H . Bairstow , C . Doyle , F . O'Connor , J . Leach , D _* vid Rosa City of London . —F . O'Connor , Esq ,, T ,. M . Wheeler , J . Skelt * n , D . Ross , P . M'Grath . i Birmingham—T . M . Wheeler , C . Doyle , Philip M'Grath , T . Clarke . Geo . White . Mertbyr Tydvil—F . O'Connor , Esq ., T . M . Wheeler , P . M'Grath , T . Clark , H . Ross . Working Men ' s Hall—F . O'Connor , Esq ., P . M'Grath , T . Clark , J . _Lsach , W . Jones . Standard ' of Liberty—F . O'Connor , Esq ., P . M'Grath .
WIGAN . _—SOVTTH LANCASHIHE CONFERENCE . — The quarterly Conference of the District Councillors from various localities in South ; Laneashire , was _. held in the Chartist Association Room , Bottom of Hillgate _, Wigan , on Sunday , the 31 st ult , at ten o ' clock , A . M . Mr . J . Nuttall , of Manchester , was unanimously called to the chair . Mr . Thomas _Divia , of Manchester , was elected Treasurer for the county , and Mr . C . Taylor , of Manchester , secretary . The minutes of the lust Conference having been read , were j confirmed , with the exception of the third and seventh , namely , " 3 rd That the Manchester division be subdivided into three , and tbat the District Councilman of the three divisions meet every three months . " " 7 th That the Council meet in the following places in rotation , namely , Wigan ,
Manchester , Buty , and Bolton . " The following resolutions were then unanimously agreed to : ¦— " That the District Councillors of both the Liverpool and Manchester divisions meet every three months . " " That at each quarterly Conference the place of tbe next meeting be fixed . " " That the next quarterly meeting take place in Warrington , on the last Sunday in June . '' That the plan of organization and the price of cards be brought before the various localities , and that tbey instruct their representatives to tbe Convention thereon . " " Tbat tha propriety of a sick and burial society in connection with the Chartist body , be brought before the various localities , and tbe decision thereon laid before the next Conference . " " That we recommend tha attendance of the District Secretaries at the quarterly Conference . "
" That each locality pay one shilling per quarter to the county fund , for each delegate sent" " That we recommend the Chartists not to join any parly agitating for a Ten Hours' Bill , against the Enclosure Bill , and tbe Masters and Servants' Bill ; but by public meetings and petitions strengthen the bands of those in the House of Commons agitating such questions as recognize the principles of the Charter . " " That Wigan , Warring _, ton , and Liverpaol , use their exertions conjointly , for the next three months , in furtherance of the principles . '' " That we recommend tbe Bolton district te hold a meeting on the propriety of joining the Manchester district , " " That we recommend Ithe various localities
to look strictly to tbe moral character of their leaders . " The delegates having discussed various local matters , and reported how far the recommendations of tbe last Conference on local lecturers plan , Sunday schools , ice had been carried out , resolved , ««; That Sunday schools be recommended by tbe lecturers . ' ? " That total abstinence in officers and lecturers _s-f the Association be recommended . '' " Tbat tract societies and reading rooms be recommended . " After a vote of thanks to the chairman the Conference dissolved : at a quarter past five p . m . All the sub-Secretaries in South Lancashire are requested to send their address j forthwith to Charles Taylor , 28 , Stamford-street , Stretford New Road ,
Manchester . West Riding Delegate Meeting . —This meeting was held in the Association fRoom , Pellon-Jane , when delegates from the following places were present ' . —Bradford , Central Locality , Mr . John Colo , New Leeds and George-street ; Clark , Horton ; Smith , Halifax ; Crossland , ] Sowerby , Wild ; Hudder 6 field , William Cunningham ; Leeds , Jones ; _Hebdenbridge , Marshall , Sutoliffe ; Wadsworth _rtow , Spencer ; Wakefield , _byj letter . Mr . Smith was elected to preside over the ! meeting . The Secretary read over the minutes of the previous meeting , when the following resolutions were adopted : — " That the minutes of tbe delegate meeting of tbe 3 rd of March be confirmed , with the exception of
the first resolution . " - "That ] the West Riding Secretary be instructed to write to the Wakefield Chartists , urging the necessity of their immediately joining the Association . " Instructions to West Riding _Delegates in Conference : —That the cards be issued yearly , instead of quarterly , as at present , and that the columns on the back of the card be made out for that period . —That the scale of representation in tbe local or district councils be one for ten members or under , and one for every further ten payable members . —That if , in case the Conference considers there is no prospect of getting the land question enrolled with the Plan , that we recommend the old Plan , with the exception of the cards being delivered once in twelve months , the Executive being elected by the Conference , and
their duties clearly defined . —That the Executive sit in Manchester for the next year . —That the next Conference be holden at _Leeds . f-That this meeting be adjourned to the first Sunday in May ; and that eaoh delegate take the opinion ! of hia constituents on the subject of making a small levy for defraying the current expences . The thanks of the delegates being given to the Chairman , the meeting separated . OfcDHAM—On Sunday last Mr . John Leach , of Hyde , lectured in the Chartist room , Greaves- at . After the lecture a meeting of tbe members took place . Mr . John M'Donald in the chair , when the following individnals wero nominated as fit and proper persons for the office of Executive Committee for the ensuing year , via , Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., Mr . James Leacb , Dr . M'Douall , Mr . William Bell , and Mr . Samuel Kydd .
SAIiFORO . —On Sunday , 7 th April , Mr . James Leach delivered a lecture in the National Churter Association Room , Great George-street , on the infamous Master and Servants' Bill now before Parliament , when be shewed forth tbe Bill in all its hideous deformity . LONDON . — Institution , _Turnagain Lane , APRIL 7 tu . —Mr . Dunn in the chair , tbe following were nominated ( oi _Executive _• — -Mr . T . 34 . Wheeler , Mr . F . O'Connor , Mr . P . M'Grath _^ Mr . J . Skelton , and Mr . B . T . Morrison . Hall , Turnagain Lane . —On Sunday evening , April 7 th , Mr , Overton in tbe chair , the Master and Servants' Bill article was read from the Star , Mr . Sherrard then delivered an eloquent lecture , which was warmly applauded .
Somers Town . —On Sunday evening last a crowded meeting of this looality was held at Mr . _Duddridge _' s , Bricklayers' Arms , Tonbridge-street , New Road , Mr . Hodge in the chair , when the ease of Dr . M'Douall was taken into consideration , and it was resolved that a subscription should be entered into for his benefit : 3 s . id . was collected . NORTHAlttPTON . —A publio meeting was held in the Market Square , on Monday evening last , to elect two delegates to tbe Conference to be held at Manchester , on the 15 th instant , and to adopt petitions to Parliament in favour ) of a Ten Hoars ' Factory Bill , and against the Master and Servants ' BilL Mr . John _Robbins , of this town , was elected unanimously to represent the town ; and Mr . Samuel Parkes , of Long Buckby , to represent the county district . Mr . Clark , of Stockport , then proposed the petition for the Ten Hours' Factory
Bill , in a very excellent speech , in which he showed up the monstrous eruelties practised on poor helpless women and children . Mr . Parkes proposed the petition against the Masters andi Servants' Bill . On the petition being seconded and [ put to the meeting : both were carried unanimously . ! It was then proposed that the petitions be signed by the chairman on behalf of the meeting , and that Mr . Duncombe be requested to present the petitions to Parliament on behalf of the meeting . A vote of thanks was given to R . Vernon Smith , Esq ., Member for the Borough , for his vote on Lord Ashley ' s amendment ; and a vote of censure on Raikes Currie , the Free Trade Member for the Borough , for his vote against it . Three cheers were given for the Charter , and thus ended one of the most numerous and spirited meetings we have ever had on any occasion .
BRADFORD . —On Sunday the Chartists of Little Horton met in the School-room , Park-place . The letter ofthe Executive was read from the Star , when the following gentlemen wero unanimously nominated for the Executive Committee : Feargus O'Cennor , Esq ., Dr . M'Douall , Mr . Wheeler , of London ; and Mr . David Ross , of Leeds . In the evening a _publia meeting was held according to announcement to elect a delegate for Bradford to the Conference , to be held on the 15 th inst . and following days . Mr . Waddington in . the chair , Mr . J . Smyth was then proposed , seconded , and unanimously elected . It was then arranged that collectors should visit the various localities ' and _request them to
Contribute towards the expence ef sending the delegate . On Sundat the ; Chartists of the Central Locality met in their room , Butterworth ' s-buildings , when the following persons were nominated for the Executive Committee : Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., Philip M'Grath , Henry Ross , Thomas Clarke , and M . Wheeler , the meeting adjourned to Sunday , kto-morrow ) at ten O ' clock , when a full meeting of the ] members is expected to attend , as business of importance will be transacted . The members of the M'Douall Committee met in the School-room , Park-place , when a local committee was formed , and the meeting adjourned to Sunday , ( tomorrow ) to meet in the Butterworth ' s-buildings , at two o'clock , in the afternoon .
Halifax—On Thursday The Sth, A Public Me...
HALIFAX—On Thursday the Sth , a _public meeting was holden in the Association Room , Pel . ' on Lane , for the purpose of _appointing a delegate to the Conference , Mr , Ackroyd in _tbecha'r , when Mr . John Lawson was duly appointed as _delegate . Af ' . er this business was closed the Master and Servants' Bill now before the House of Commons , was taken into _consideration , and the following resolutions adopted : — "That tht meeting view with indignation and alarm , a bill now befort , ' tbe House of Commons , entitled the Master and Servants' _BUK which in the opinion of this meeting , if carried into law , . is calculated to rob the labourer of every vestige of hit Mgiuts as an Englishman ; this
meeting therefore resolve * that the legislature be petitioned , praying them hot to pass into law so abominable s measura" «« That the petition published in the Star be adopted by thia meeting , which was read and unanimously agreed to . " _«• That the petition fee signed by tbe chairman on behalf of the _meetia ? , and sent to T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., for presentation . " " That the best thanks of this meeting are due , and are hereby given to T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., for his timely interposition as regards this bill , and his noble and praiseworthy exertions in watching over the interests of tbe people generally . " A vote of thanks was then given to tha chairman , snd the meeting dissolved .
SHEFFIELD _.-.-FigtREE-lane On Sundayevening the Chartists met in the _abave room . When Mr . West read the article from the Weekly Chronicle en _^ titled the " new Chartist creed , Mr . ( _Jisborne and Mr . Feargus O'Connor . " on wbicb he commented at great length . He likewise replied to the fallacies of " Cotton Twist" on the Factory Bill , exposing their absurdity . Mr . _Brigga tben delivered a very sensible address , and was followed by Mr . Evinson in hia usual powerful manner . It was agreed to adopt a petition against the Masters and Servants' Bill at the meeting on Tuesday . On Monday _evening a tea party and ball took place in the above room . The arrangements were most exellent and tbe members and their wives enjoyed a splendid holiday treat t
Purlic Meeting . —On Tuesday a public meeting _convened by advertisement , was holden to elect a delegate to tbe Manchester Conference , when Mr . John West was unanimously elected . Mr . West tbea read the correspondence with Mr . Ward respecting bis vote on the Factory BilL Mr .. West expressed some _sarprise at Mr . . Ward ' s haste in sending the correspondence for publication before it was concluded . It looked very much like a desire to publish a one-sided statement . He considered Mr . Ward ' s reply deserved an answer . Mr . Briggs moved that an answer be prepared and" forwarded to Mr . Ward , seconded by Mr . CartJedge , and carried unanimously . Mr . West read the reply ; when it was agreed te send it to the Sheffield papers and the Weekly Chronicle as well us tbe Northern Star , and iu the event of their refusing to publish it , to get the whole correspondence published
in a cheap pamphlet and circalated gratuitously . Mr . West moved the adoption of a petition against tbe Master and Servants' Bill , and thai it be forwarded to Mr . Ward for presentation . His reason for wishing Mr . Ward to present it was bis repeated deprecation of any legislative interference between labour and capital , and as thb was an instance of most outrageous interference , - Mr . Word must oppose it , or stand convicted of political tergiversation . Mr . Cavill seconded it , With the addition that Mr . Parker be requested to support its prayer . —Carried unanimously . Mr . Briggs next moved a petition in favour of the liberation of poor Cooper , which was seconded and carried unanimously . Mr . West would not trust this case in the hands of Mr . Ward ; and therefore moved that Mr . Duncombe present it—Carried unanimously . After a vote of tkanks to the Chairman , the meeting separated .
Nottingham . —At a meeting held in the Town Hall , on Monday last , Mr . Henry Dorman was elected "delegate for Nottingham to the Convention . Nottinghamshire . —At a meeting held at Arnold _, on Monday evening , Mr . G . Harrison was elected delegate to the Convention for the county district of Nottingham .
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Mb. O'Cohnor Will Address The Chartists ...
Mb . _O'Cohnor will address the Chartists of Manchester , in the Carpenter ' s Hall , on Sunday , ( to-morrow ) in the afternoon and evening ; and will be at Stockport on Monday evening . OtherConveation delegates will also bo present . London . —Mr . Ridley will deliver a lecture at the Bricklayers' Arms , Tonbridge-street , Somers' Town , on Sunday evening next , at half-past seven o ' clock . Spitalfields , —Mr . Davoc will deliver a public address at the Standard of Liberty , Brick-lane , on Sunday evening next , at half-past seven o ' clock . Westminster . —Mr . Grover will deliver a leoture at the Golden Lion , Dean-street , Soho , on Suuday evening next . Mr . James Mee will deliver a lecture in the South London Chartists * Hall , Blackfriars' road , oa Sunday evening next , at seven o ' clock .
Mr . A . Hannihell will deliver an address in the Political and Scientific Institute , Turnagain-lane , on Sunday evening next , at seven o ' clock . Mauyle * _one . _—Emheit Brigade , —Mr . Gardener will deliver a publio address at the Bricklayer ' s Arms , Homer-street , New-road , on Sunday evening next , at half-past seven o ' clock . A Mketing will D 8 holden at the Red Cross Coffee House , Red Cross-street , Cripplegate , on Tuesday evening next , at eight o ' clock . An harmonic meeting will be held at the Feathers , Warren-street , Tottenham Court-road , on Monday , April 15 th , at eight o ' clock . The proceeds to be given to the veteran Richards , on his release from Stafford gaol . Soho . —Mr . Grover will lecture at the Golden Lion , Dean-street , Soho , on Sunday , tbe 14-th inst .
Working Man ' s Hall , Mile En » Road—The members of the above locality are _requested to attend on Tuesday evening next , at eight o ' clock . Whitechapel . —The General Councillors residing in the Tower Hamlets , will meet at the White Horse , St . Mary-street , Whitechapel , on Sunday evening next , at six o ' clock precisely . Hammersmith . —A meeting will be holden at the Black Bull Inn , on Tuesday evening next , to commence at eight o'clock . Tailors' Protection Society . —A public meeting ofthe trade , and a Festival and Ball , will be holden at the National Hall , High Holborn , on Tuesday next , T . S . Duncombe M . P ., will preside *
Important to the Working Classes . —A public meeting will be holden at the St . Pancras vestry rooms , 1-, Gordon-street , Gordon-square , on Monday evening next , ou the Ten Hours' and Masters'" and Servants' Bills . Chair to be taken at half-past six o ' clock . Salford . —On Sunday next , Mr . Christopher Doyle will leoture in tho National Charter Association room , Great George-street ; subject r—The superiority of Chartism over every other * ism" as a means of amelioration for the working classes . Bury . —Mr . Norman , of Nottingham , will deliver two lectures in the Garden-street lecture room , on Sunday evening next , at six o ' clock . Sheffield . —Ou Sunday Mr . Samuel Parkes , late of this place , will deliver two lectures in the room , Fig Tree-lane , in the afternoon at half-past two , and in the evening at half-past six o ' clock .
South Lancashire Delegate Meeting . —The South Lancashire delegates of tho Manchester district will meet in Mr . Murray ' s room , adjoining the Carpenter ' s Hall , on Sunday next . The Secretaries desirous of being put on the forthcoming lecturer ' s plan are required to correspond on the subject with Mr . Jeremiah Lane , Hewit ' Court , George Leigh-street , Manchester . Halifax . —Mr . Bawden will leoture hereon Sunday ( to-morrow ) , at six o ' clock in the evening . Todmobdbn . —Mr . _Dzvid Ross will deliver two lectures on Sunday next ; one in the afternoon at two , and in the evening at sir o ' olock . Rochdale . —Mr . Wilde , of this place , will deliver two leotures on Sunday next , in the Chartist Association room .
Oldham . —On Sunday ( to-morrow ) , Mr . A . F . Taylor , will lecture in the Chartist room , Greave ' sstreet ; subject : —A free enquiry into the legitimate resources whereby the labouring classes may secure a more equal distribution of the wealth of the country . Mosslet . —The Chartists of Mossley are particularly requested to attend in their Room , Brookbottom , on Tuesday evening next , at eight o ' clock Manchester . _—Carpeniebs' Hall . —The quarterly examination of the scholars ofthe Sunday School m connection with the above Hall , will take place on Sunday ( to morrow ) , when that " noble of nature , " Feargus O'Connor , Esq . has kindly consented to deliver an addresa on the occasion , and also to deliver a lecture in the evening . It is , therefore , hoped that the parents and friends of the scholars will attend . The examination will commence at two o ' clock in the afternoon , and the lecture at half-put . six in the evening . Collections will be made in aid of the school .
Nottingham . —Mr . Pepper will preach in the Democratic Chapel , on Suuday evening next at six o ' clock . Liverpool . —The monthly meeting of delegates of the Liverpool division lof the South Lancashire District will take place at Present , on _Sunday _^ the Wth instant , at half-past ten o ' clock in the _TOorhing _; at the bouse of Mr . John Mercer , watch-maker , Hillock-street . Hevwood . —Mr . James Mills , of WhUworth . Trill lecture hero on Sunday next , at six o ' clock in tbe evening . '
Barnsley . —On Monday next , a meeting will be holden on May-day Green at six o ' olock , te petition Parliament in favour of the Ten Honrs * BUL HVDpSBsriBlJ ) . —DjSTHICT MEMBBR 8 _/ MBKXlRa . — A fieneraL meeting of the members of the Hnddersfield District will he holden in the Hall of Science onSunday afternoon next , at two o ' elock , to consider the treacherous conduct pursued towarda the District by some of the members , at the meeting in Upperhead-row on Tuesday night last ; and to determine on steps to procure justice for all concerned .
Leeds . —Messrs , MfGrath , Wheeler , and Boss , from London , will address the men of Leeds on Sunday ( to-morrow ) evening , at half-past six o ' clock , in the _Bazwr , Briggate _^
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 13, 1844, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/nss_13041844/page/1/
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