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Northern Star (1837-1852), 30th August 1845, Edition 4 of 4, Page 4, THE DUNFERMLINE « RIOTS." CALL FOR "MORE...

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  • Departments (2)
    • w^ v.-. '" ¦ — lMi'OKTANT TO WORKING MEX CXDEli FORTY YEARS OF AGE.
    • IHE NORTHERN STAR. SATUllBAY, AUGUST SO, 1845.
  • Adverts (14)
  • Text (5)
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      _ 'I,U"« '' I*Imi ' -N August 30, 184&. ...

      _ ' i , _U "« _'' i * imi ' -n August 30 , 184 & . ' _*> , ... THE NORTHERN STAR . . .. ¦ _, - •• - _¦¦¦ — -

      W^ V.-. '" ¦ — Lmi'oktant To Working Mex Cxdeli Forty Years Of Age.

      w _^ v .-. '" ¦ _lMi'OKTANT TO WORKING MEX CXDEli FORTY YEARS OF AGE .

      Ad00407

      Lave looked forward ia tlio hopes of having a something like _soittvaunuatioJi _nwmey to ktep starvation from their doors , bring cast aside to tlie tender mercies of a Poor law Bastile . lie-member , in the midst of life yon are in death , thatyou know not what an hour may bring forth ; then , working men , join this Society , wake it truly a national one , to _number not only thousands but millions "Unite , cause it to extend throughout the length and breadth of the laud . The government of the Society is In _tlia hands of the members , every branch being empowered liy thc rules to manage its own local affairs . The Society is in four divisions for its members to receive according to their payments thc following benefits : —

      Ad00408

      IMPORTANT TO KP . _ALTUY MES YllOMPOftTX TO PIFTY-F 1 VB _Y & _Alli OF AGE . The United Patrior _^ hs ' Eeneft Society , including _Mf-lktd Attendance and Medicine . Enrolled end _Etupivxred . by Act of _JWIiynicjit to extend over the United ISngdom . THE wast ofa Society of this nature must be evident _ to every _jiereon who n * ay have _ncjlecteil providing against the calamities of life in their _youili . It is in pour Divisions , after the manner of the _i-uitcd _Patriots " , having the _suiae _Bi-iuiiif , except that of Lvings-in . This

      Ad00409

      CHARTIST CQ-OPEHATIVE LAND SOCIETY . A PUBLIC MEKTLVG ef all the _SIfAHEiiOi . DERS in the London l > i _? _trict wiii he Li-Id at _tlnSouih Loudon Hall , "Webber-strict , Elaekfriar _.-J-ioai ! , on Sunday evening , August 31 st , to re . 3 sei 3 sciavswjtjli . Jc 5 , «« i < l : <• hear a Report _fro-. u tiie Secretary of tiie present state of the Society . A Public Meeting will alto « _-c held in the Carpenters' B " aH , Manchester , ou the sa 3 ie evening , fw _ihe same object . Thomas Marti : * W * _ieelss , Secretary .

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      _PAXKLIBAXOA" IKON WORKS . THE LARGEST STOCK IS EUROPE . _—ITSXISH 1 XG _JKOA'JIOXGERY _, Stoves , Grates , Ksichen Baiigef _, Fenders , Fire-irons , Ivst Sheffield Plate , _.. _in : _' .-laental Iron a _::-J V . _' jiv V . _' or ' :, G _.-in ! cn Engine- * ., Hollers . he , Japan Tea . Trays . Baths , & c—PAXXUBAXOX OX AV _011 XS , adjoining _JladaiacTussaud's . 58 , Bakvrstrvcf , _IV-riKan-siniart * . X . B . —Every article is marked in plain figur « s at the invest * _' " i ? h prices .

      Ad00411

      _LKSSOSS IN _U 1 LLINK 11 Y AND DRESSMAKING . _MADAME _GALLIOS . , XewBor . d-6 i . rect , continue ? _JitTsojiarior m * : l « : « 'l uf teaching th *> art of _JJressjJaking . She _un-1 * _-rtakes to wske _jktsuiis of the _sinallcsi capacrr profi .-k-. it in Cutung , FUtidg , ai . d E » e _; _ati » g _, is the mjft i ; :: _irlu * d style , iu _£ , * : Lessons , for One Pound . Her superior _:- * e « i : o _. l ran be fully substantiated by _refereijcis to pup : ;? , and has never been equalled by any eo _! _iipet : t' . r . Sis' Vraclxz Iwurs from eleven till four .

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      LIGHT , VEXfJLATiXG , FLEXIBLE VELVET HATS , ISs . _TJehRIXG'S I _* l 4 ' - _' " ¦ " eatiUthig , TIcxiMe lints may hi-X _obtained in _Ih-avcr , Si _' . k , and Vrhct , from Ss . tM . to i _' l _. s ., in upwards uf one hundred diiTeruit - _•¦ Ji _.-ipes . tosuil contour . A . so the l . *> t L « evy llatt at IS ? . ; Youth * . ' msi < _Geaikin--:: " s ilats . ind Caps of eveiy d-. scripuc . ii . —CECIL B * . 'U- ? i .. S 3 . *? trju > _= " _, anil -tl , Urgent-street . V . ir Copy the _address , and buy where jou ll * n be wel : used .

      Ad00413

      _rpFlB variable state ofthe WEATHER has produced JL Use r . u ::: * : ro-i * ca _? e = > of low fever a «* i debility e-osii : ig at _-n-csrnt , snii l _? a sure _indication of habitual co . _'tiveiiv * _? _- . _couwd gcnvr . vly bv want of care in attending io ihe Fiaie of lhe digestive _viswr . _-ii i . rgsns . Tha oiur real riiaedy in such cafes _is L 03 . D EhBOX'S APERIEXT FILL *? , which have b * .-n the means of positive cure to msny _ihausa _' - . k : tbey are ; _. eca ; i = rly _adapted for _ptrsoz of _l «; h _H--S .-S who are * > f _sedcatary habits , lbry arc pV . r . _-Ktiicd by the _noiniilv and _jrsatr ? , and are thc wildest « : dwo 5 tc £ icacio 2 _smpoi _*' . v . s ei _' . snt . _SoHinbo .- rsalls . lvl « ' : 2 \ ., _tiwZ 4 _s . Ctl , byi ? e « srf . L . _' . _rci . i . vani ! Co ., ' . , _Farrmgeon-sirett : ?• . ' . * : _<¦!] _xnu C * . »„ 10 . Bow Ci : « rr 3 j-y ~ rd 5 _twisa _** y . il ; and _Sdr . _^ _r' _]? , CZ \ fit . _I'aal's ; Sanger , 330 , <) _2 f . * r : _3-st , _i ; r ; an . iliy .-.- * i «; j . _i-- .-t ; . _li ! cl ? r ;* . _Jg ' 3 : sand _Mcdi-«« ne Ycinbw hi the :-:: _ng-A _> _- . -, ; and _wlwleiak at 33 , Great St . _Tlwsass A- » si _;*« V ., _sCnn

      Ad00414

      * " - - i ' ' _. _. _. \ _ , COLOSSEUM . PATRONISED and visited by her Most Gracious MAJESTY and his Hoyal Highness Prince ALBERT . OPEN DAILY from Ten till Six . Pronounced by the Press , aud confirmed by every visitor to be the most perfect triumph of Art in its various branches , both hy Day and Xight , that has ever been achieved . Equal to sis exhibitions . The Glyptotheca , containing works of the first artists ; Mont Blanc and Mountain Torrents , Superb Conservatories , Gothic Aviary , Classic Ruins and Fountains , Panorama of London , rc-paintcd by Mr . Parris _, he _Admittance , 3 s . Cliildren , half-price . The Stalactite Caverns , the most magnificent of aU the temples which nature has built for herself in thc _regions of niirht , Is . extra .

      Ad00415

      TO THE WORKING CLASSES . IMPORTANT TESTIMONIAL . We are always gratified in noticing tlte laudable exertions of the industrious and provident among onr fellow-labourers in the social vineyard , to avert from themselves and families , as far as human foresight mav do , the calamities attendant upon an old ageofdestitution , or a period of wearisome inactivity and useless _, ness , through sickness or accident ; and we will venture to say , that up to the extreme limit of what is called thc middle class of society , there is no method so likely to attain the object as tho institution of securely based andjudiciously regulated Benefit Societies . Ourattention ivas some time since called to the subject by the proceedings of one accordant with our views , enrolled

      Ad00416

      WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE . Adjournment of tlte Midsummer Sessions for tlte Trial of Felons , & c . NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN , thatthe Midsummer G ener . il Quarter Sessions of the Peace , for the West Riding of the County of York , will be holden by adjournment , at _iVakcfield , on Wednesday , the Tenth day of September next , at Ten o ' clock in the Forenoon , aud by _furtl ' . cr adjournment from thence will bo holden at . ihe / iittld , on Friday , tlic Twelfth day of tiie sauia month of September next , at Half-past Ten o ' clock in the Forenoon , for the Trial of Felons and Persons indicted for Misucmcancrs , when all Jurors , Suitors , Persons who stand _uiion Recognizance , and others having business at t 3 : e said Sessions , arc required to attend the Court .

      Ad00417

      JUST r-YjBLlSUED , In one _valiune _, foolscap Svo ., neat cloth , price Is . Gd ., TII _& PURGATORY OF SUICIDES : A Prison Rhyme : in Ten Books : BY THOMAS COOPER THE CHARTIST . J . How , Publisher , IS- ' , Fleet-street . { -ft Orders from the Country to be sent through tho Booksellers .

      Ad00418

      _pilOSPECTUS OF THE UXITE 1 ) TRADES' AS 80-i CIATIOX for thc Employment of Labour in Agriculture and Manufactures . Established , August 2 nd , 3 S 45 . T . !* - Duaconilie , Esq ., M . V ., President . Shares , £ 3 each ; to be paid by Instalments of Threepcuce per week . The Trades aud the Working Classes generally are infor-ncd tliat a Joint Stoek Association , under the above title , luis been organised hy the late National Trades' Conference _, for tbe purpose of raising sufficient funds for tlie Employment of Surplus Labour . These Funds will be applied to the Purchase or Rental of Land , and the ercctiou of Industrial Buildings for manufacturing purposes . It is hoped by these arrangements to elevate and improve tlie condition of the _Working Classes ; to put aside the necessity of Expensive Strikes ; to give security to property by Mitigating thc hardships of poverty ; and to " uicrc _.-ise , hy legal , moral , and peaceful means , the general happiness and prosperity of societr .

      Ad00419

      _ExrEMMEXTS ox toe Loxdos asd Crotbon _Atmcsi'heric Li . ve of _Rah-wai _* . —A series of private experiments have been conducted on this line of railws _* y , for tha purpose of testin ;; the powers of atmospheric propulsion , and the most marked and decided --neces- * Las attended all ihe experiments that liave been hitherto performed . Tlic question as to the _V-uwer of ascending inclines was completely set at rest by an experiment which may he regarded as an _exprimentmn _. cruris , A train was brought to tho foot ol ui incline of one in fifty , and stopped , so as to dc-* . _iiva it of any power ii . mi ;; lit have acquired from the impetus of its previous progression , lt was then

      Ad00420

      CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY . 1 hereby direct that all monies payable to me , as treasurer to the Chartist Co-operative Land Fund , must he transmitted as follows : —Either by Bank order or Post-office order , to the " care of Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., 340 Straatl , London ; " and payable to me "W , P . Roberts . " That is , that my signature shall be required to each order . This direction is plain . For instance , say that Edward Hobson , of Ashton , has £ 10 to transmit * , he is to transmit the same to Sir . O'Connor , by Bank letter or Post-office order , made payable to W . P , . Roberts * That order I can sign when I go to London , or when a parcel of them are sent to me . The two only things required to secure tho triumph of Labour ' s battle are , union among the working classes , and undeviating honesty and punctuality on the part of those who have

      Ihe Northern Star. Satullbay, August So, 1845.

      IHE NORTHERN STAR . SATUllBAY , AUGUST SO , 1845 .

      The Dunfermline « Riots." Call For "More...

      THE DUNFERMLINE « RIOTS . " CALL FOR "MORE MILITARY , " TO "KEEP DOWN "

      A HUNGRY PEOPLE . Ix another portion of this sheet will he found an account of somo ' * riotous proceedings , " as they are termed , tbat bave occurred in Dunfermline and its neighbourhood . That account wo have given just as it appeared in the Times ; but we are convinced , not only from the manifest ill-will and ferocity of tho writer towards the " rioters , " but from what we know of the general character of the population whom he so ruthlessly and shamelessly represents as a band of murdering conspirators and cold-blooded assassins , that he has net correctly set forth THE

      CAUSE of the disturbances , or explained the reason why the inhabitants of a town known over all Scotland for its general intelligence , and for its abhorrence of outrage and tumult , have appeared as tbe destroyers of property , and the _assailers of life . The whole of this writer ' s tommnuications show him disposed to heig hten and colour the conduct of the " r © , _-l-s , " when once in action ; but ho dismisses row summarily indeed TIIE CAUSE tliat has converted" one of the most enduring , and peaceably-disposed populations into a " bloodthirsty mob of ruffians . " Whatever that CAUSE may have been , it is one tbat ought ' to have been prominently set forth ; for it must have been one of most uxexduiuble _tyranxt , to have operated

      that tniire change in tho character of the people that thc account narrates . So convinced are we , that this writer has not acted fairly by thc people of Dunfermline , and that he has _^ _e jther allowed his fears to run away with his senses and his veracity , or that he knowingly lends himself to the basest of purposesthat we publicly call on some sober truthful democrat , who has tho means of making himself acquainted with all the facts of thc case , to give ns a full and true version of those facts , that the people of Dun fcrmlmc _isay stand before the world in an unprejudiced light : justified , as far as they can he , in thc acts they have engaged ; in ; or guilty , as they may be , of all that thia ferocious assailant lays at their door .

      It has long been dinned into our ears that tho working people of Scotland were far move intelligent than thc working people of England ; that in the ' land o _' cakes" " antalluct" was far more " cultivated , " far more acute , than in England , where stupidity and stubbornness abound . Have we not had thc changes rung on the terms "heddication , " " schoolmaster abroad , " and " spread of knowledge , " as applied to thc Scotch people ? and , without admitting thc truth of the assertion as far as relates to a knowledge of rights or of duties , or of the manual operations inwhich _therespect ' iYcworkcrs are engaged , wc are free to admit its truth , as far as a mere knowledge of books is concerned . The opportunities which

      thc system of teaching in Scotland confer on the people , over the working people of England , —who arc left to obtain a school education as they can , —do give the former a decided advantage in book-knowledge •" and therefore , as far as thisis concerned ,. and as far as general aeuteness is involved in such advantage , the Scotch working peoplo _aiie more "intelligent" than tlieir brethren in England . This wc most freely admit ; and accompany tho admission with the assertion , that of all the inhabitants in the several districts of Scotland , none ranked as high in thc scale of "intelligence" as the inhabitants ofthe very district which is now _repi-esentcd as being peopled by a horde of dcliberato murderers and conpiring assassins !

      Then , again , wc happen to know that of all the districts in Scotland , not one has shewn itself to he so thoroughly indoclrinatedw ' ithth _^ " wholc-hogism " of " moral force" as this same Dunfermline . In 1 S 39-10 , when the questions of " physical force" and " moral force" were pitted against each other , Dunfermline almost universall y took its stand with the concoctors and passers of the Calton-hill resolutions . It was with tho people of Dunfermline a proof of "intelligence" to employ only " moral" means , as they termed certain modes of agitation , to bring about tho changes and reforms in Government by them held necessary for general good . They could uot Hien contemplate the possibility of any circumstances arising that would justify a resort to "

      violence" or " force . " Then what is it , that has wrought such a change in the character and conduct of the peoplo of Dunfermline , as thc writer in the _Kmes sets forth ? It can have been no ordinary cause . It must havo been something most revolting indeed * , some attempt on tho part of thc obnoxious employers to reduce tho workman ' s poor " SHARE ; " or some oppressive aud tyrannical conditions , whicli thc most " philosophical" of human nature could not endave . Two thousand persons do not generally congregate together , and destroy property for nothing . There is generally an operating CAUSE . In this instance wo are persuaded there must have been au _extraordinary powerful one * , and we shall be glad to hear from some of thc workers of Dunfermline what it was .

      It is tnto that tho correspondent of tho Times gives us an inkling of that CAUSE . lie says , " it appears to be an alleged breach of faith of thc Aiessrs . Alexaxder , with the other manufacturers , i . _v xor _adherisg to the table op _pkices agreed on hy tho manufacturers in 1813 or 18-1-1 . " The writer adds , as a justification for the Messrs . Alexander , that " it is _rqiorted that they never signed that agreement ; " but he docs not deny that there has been

      an attempt to depart from the list . It may be ; indeed it is highly probable , that tho list-prices themselves arc as low as is at all compatible with the very coarsest of food and the meanest existence . We deduce this probabilit y from what we know of thc condition of thc Scottish working people generally . Low as is thc condition of thc English worker , it is hardly in any cue occupation so _degraded and so debased as is * the condition of the Scotch producer . Of this

      we intend to iuniish indubitable proof , before we have dune . Of all tho descriptions of " knowledge " that can be " spread , " none is calculated tobe ot more service to the working people of tho throe kingdoms ih . ifi a knowledge of their relative _coudUions : and , * _Aes . e God , it shall net be our fault ii _knowledge of thai character does uot " march . " To enable the present generation to _understiiiitl fOBietlsi _* . _^ of lhe coudii . eii of the _Scji * . _-,- _klairei ;'

      The Dunfermline « Riots." Call For "More...

      wo shall transcribe into this article a paper written by William Cobbett , after he had himself seen what he so forcibly and graphically narrates . This description will impart a notion of the degree of comfort which untiring industry purchases for the labourin " producers of Scotland ; and will also impart some idea of tho dreadful consequences entailed on the toilers , by a departure from such a " table of prices " as that by w hich the Scotch Jabourers are paid . Wc fancy that when the reader has got to the e _# d of the

      " Address to TiiB _^ _EsoLisn Chopsticks , " which we are about to quote , he will wonder , —not that a riot should just now have occurred at Dunfermline , —but that the land has not been one entire scene of commotion and burnings , sooner than that tho workers should have submitted to such grinding tyranny as tbey have to endure . Here is the description we speak of ; read it every line ; and let tho truths embodied in it sink deep into the soul . Here is the condition of the Scotch producers , painted by a master-hand : —

      cobuett s advice to the chopsticks . Of Kent , Sussex , Surrey , Hampshire , Wiltshire , Dorsetshire , Berkshire , Norfolk , Su ffolk , Essex , and of all the other counties in the south of England . Edinburgh , Oct . 14 th , 1 * 532 , Mt Friends , —This is the finest city that I ever saw in my life , though it is about fivo hundred miles to the north of the southern part of Dorsetshire ; but neither thc beauty of this city nor its distance from your and my homo has made mo forget you , and particularly poor Cook and Farmer Boycs , and the nten ihat ; were transported in 1830 . I havo some advice to offer you , the objoct of which is to induce you rcsolutoly to maintain the rights which , agreeably to the laws of our country , re all inherit

      from our forefathers . Amongst these rights are thc right to live in tho country of our birth ; tho right to have a living out of tho land of our birth in exchange for our labour duly and honestly performed ; the right , in case wo tall into distress , to liave our wants sufficiently relieved out of tho produce ol * thc land , whether that distress arise from sickness , from decrepitude , from old age , or from tho inability to find employment ; because there are Jaws , and those Jaws are just , to punish us if wo be idle or dissolute . lou know that many gentlemen in England have Scotch _bailifls ; and tliat these Scotch bailiffs , p articularly Callendar , the bailiff of Sir Thos . Baring , in Hampshire , and another one or two whose names I have now forgotten , were principal witnesses against the men that were brought to trial for breaking thrashing-machines , and other acts of that sort in 1830 . You know that these bailiffs are always

      telling you how good and obedient the labourers are in Scotland , aud how WELL OFF they aro ; and yet they tell you that there arc no Poor Laws in Scotland . All this appears very wonderful to you . The Government and tho parsons tell you the same thing ; and they tell you , that if you were as well-behaved as the Scotch , and as quiet , you would bo as well off as they are . They say , that it is your ignorance that makes you not like to live upon potatoes , while those who live upon thc tithes and the taxes have the meat and the bread . They tell you that you would be better oft' if you were but as sensible and would but be as quiet as tho Scotch labourers . Now then , I will tell you how well off the Scotch labourers are ; and then you will judge whether you hare been wise or foolish , in what you have been lawfully doing with a view of making your living a little better than it

      was . This city is fifty-six miles from the river Tweed , which separates _England from Scotland . I have come through the country in a post-chaise , stopped one night upon tho road , and have made every inquiry , in order that I might be able to ascertain the exact state of the labourers on thc land . With ttw exception of about seven miles , the land is the finest that I ever saw in my life , though 1 have seen every fine vale in every county in England ; and in the

      United States ol America I never saw any land a tenth part so good . You will know what the land is when I toil you that it is by no means uncommon for it to produce seven English quartera of wheat upon one English acre , and forty tons of turnips upon one English acre ; and that there are , almost in every half mile , from fifty to a hundred acres of turnips iu one piece , sometimes white turnips and sometimes Swedes ; all in rows as straight as a line , and without a weed even , to be seen iu any of these beautiful fields .

      0 ! how you will wish to be here 1 "Lord , " you will say to yourselves , " what pretty villages there must be there ; what nice churches and churchyards 0 ! and what preciously nice alehouses ! " Come , Jack , let us set off to Scotland ' . What nice gardens shall wo havo to our cottages there ! What beautiful flowers our wives will liave climbing up about the windows , and on both sides of the path leading from tho wicket up to thc door ! And what prancing and barking pigs wc shall have , running out upon thc common , and what a flock of geese grazing upon thc green !"

      Stop ! stop ! I havo not come to listen to you , but to make you listen to mc . Let me tell you , then , ihat there is neither village , nor church , nor alehouse , nor garden , nor cottage , nor flowers , nor pig , nor goose , nor common , nor green ; but the thing is thus : 1 . The farms of a whole county arc , generally speaking , the property of one lord ; 2 . They arc so large , that thc corn-stacks frequently amount to more than a hundred upon one fann , each stack having in it , on an average , from fifteen to twenty English quarters of corn ; 3 , The fanner ' s house is

      a liouse big enough and line enough for a gentleman to live in ; the iariu-yard is a -square , with buildings on one side of it for horses , cattle , and implements ; tho stack-yard is on one side of this , the stacks all in rows " and the place as big as a little town . 4 . On the side of the farm-yard next to the stack-yard there is a place to thrash the corn in ; and there is , close by this , always a thrashingmachine , sometimes worked by horses , sometimes by water , sometimes by wind , and sometimes by steam , chore being no such thing as a barn ov a flail in the whole country .

      " Well , " say you , " but out of such a quantity of com and of beef and of mutton , there must sonic como to the sharo of thc chopsticks , to be sure ' . " Don't be too sure yet : but hold your tongue , and hear my story . The single labourers aro kept in this manner * . abovit four of them ' .. ve put into a shed , quite away from the farm-house aud out of the farm-yard ; which shed Dr . Jamieson , in his dictionary , calls a "boothie _, " a place , says he , where labouring servants are lodged . A boothie means a littlo booth ; and hero these men live and sleep , having a certain allowance of oat , barley , and pea meal , upon whicli they live , mixing it with water , or with niiik when thoy arc allowed the uso of a cow , whieh thev havo to milk themselves . They arc

      allowed some littie matter of money besides to buy clothes with ; but never dream of being allowed to set their foot within the walls of thc farm-house . They hire for tlic year , under very severe punishment in case of misbehaviour or quitting service , * and cannot have fresh service , without a character from the last master , and also a character from tho minister of thc 2 _> ttrisli ! Pretty well , that , for a knife-and-fork chopstick of Sussex , who has been used to sit round the lire with the master and mistress , and to pull about and tickle the laughing maids ! Pretty well , that But it is the life of tho married labourer that will delight you . Upon a steam-engine farm there arc , perhaps " , eight or ten of these . There is , at a considerable distance from the farm-yard , a sort oi barrack erected for _thuso to live in . It is a lonu

      shed , stone walls , and pantile root , and divided into a certain number of _boothies , each having a door and one little window , all thc doors being on one side of the shed , and there being no back-doors ; and ns to a privy , no such thing , for them , appears ever to be thought of . The ground in front of the shed , is wide or narrow aocurding to circumstances , but quite smooth , * merely a place to walk upon . Each distinct boothie is about seventeen feet one way and fifteen feet the other way , as nearly as my eye could determine . There is no ceiling , and no lloor but tho earth . In this place a man and his wife and family have to live . When they go into it there is nothing but thc four bare walls , aud the tiles over their bends , and a small lire-place . To make the

      most of tlus room , they , at their own cost , erect berths : like those in a barrack-room , which they get up into when they go to bed ; and here they are , the man , his wife , and a parcel of children , squeezed up in this miserable hole , with their meal and their _washing tackle , and all their other things ; and ycl it is quite surprising to behold how decent the women endeavour to keep tho place . These women ( for 1 found all the mon out at work ) appearod to be most industrious creatures , to be extremely _obliging , and of good disposition ; and the shame is tliat they arc permitted to enjoy so small a portion of the fruit of all their labours , of all their cares . But if their _divelling-placo is bad , their food _£ " worse , being foil upon exactly tlyit which wo feed

      hogs and horses upon . Thc _iiiarriotV » ian receives in money about four pounds for tho whole year ; and he has besides sixty bushels of oats , thirty bushels of barley , twelve bushels of peas , and three bushels of potatoes , with ground allowed him to plant the potatoes . The master gives him the keep of a cow for the year round ; but he must find thc cow himself ; he pays for his own fuel ; he must find a woman to reap for twenty whole days in thc harvest , as payment for thc rent ofhis boothie ; he has no wheat ; the meal altogether amounts to about six pounds for everyday iu thc year ; the oatmeal is eaten in porridge ; the _baricy-iiical ami pea-meal are mixed together , and baked into a sort of cakes unon an iron \ date put over the . Im ; they sometimes get a nig und fowl it npmi tho pointer-: * .

      Thus they never have one bit of wheatou bread or nf wheatcn noiir , nor of beef nonmitbn ; tliou » h the laud is _covi-ml with wheat _mwl wilh cattle . The _hiring is fo" » year , _hegiiiniiiij on tho : > _-jtJi o !

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      Miv and not at Michaelmas ; the farmer takes the man just at the season to get tho sweat out of him ; and if he die , ho dies when the mam work is done . The labourer is wholly at the mercy of the master , who if he will not keep him beyond the year , can totally ruin him , by refusing him a character , ihe cow is a thing more in name than reality ; sho may be about to calve when the 2 Gth of May comes ; the wife may be in a situation to make removal perilous to her life . This family has NO HOME ; and no home can any man be said to havo who can thus be dislodged every year of his life at the will of a master . It very frequently happens that the poor creatures are compelled to sell their cow for next to nothing ; and , indeed , the necessity of character from the last employer makes the man a real slave , worse off than the negro by many degrees ; for here there is neither _iawto insure himVclief , nor motive in the master to to attend his health or to preserve his life .

      There , chopsticks of Sussex , you can now see what English scoundrels , calling themselves " gentlemen " get Scotch bailiffs for . Tliese bailiffs are generally the sons of somo of tliese farmers , recommended to the grinding ruffians of England by the grinding ruffians in Scotland . Six days , from daylight to dark , these good and laborious and patient and kind people labour . On an average they have six English miles to go to any church . Here arc twelve miles to walk on tho Sunday ; aud the consequence is , that they very seldom go . But , say you , what do they do with all the wheat , and all the beef , and all the mutton ; and what becomes of the money that they are sold for ? Why the cattle and sheep walk into England upon tlieir legs ; the wheat

      is nut into ships , to be sent to London or elsewhere ; anil as to the money that these are sold for , the farmer is allowed to have a little of it ; but almost the whole of it is sent away to tho landlord , to be gambled or otherwise squandered away at London , at Paris , or at Rome . The rent of the land is enormous : four , five , six , or seven pounds for an English acre : tho farmer is not allowed to get much ; almost the whole of tho produce of these fine lands goes into the pockets ef the lords ; the labourers arc -their slaves , and the farmers tlieir slave-drivers . Thc farm-yards are , in fact , factories for making corn and meat , carried on principally by tho means of horses and machinery . There arc no people ; and these men seem to think that people

      are unnecessary to a state . I camo over a tract of country a great deal bigger than tho county of Suffolk , with only three towns in it , and a couple of villages , while thc county of Suffolk has twenty-nine market-towns and 491 villages . Yet our precious Government seem to wish to reduce England to the state of Scotland ; and you aro reproached and abused , and called ignorant , because you will not reside in a " boothie , " and live upon the food which we give to horses and to hogs ! Take one more fact , at which you will not wonder ; that , though Northumberland is but a poor country compared with this that I have been describing , thc poor Scotch labourers get away into England whenever they can . There is a great and fine town , called

      Newcastle-upon-Tyne , from which and its neighbourhood the coals go into our country . The poor Scotchmen flee from these fine and rich lands to beg their bread there ; and there they are put into caravans and brought back to Scotland by force , as the Irish arc sent from London , from Manchester , from Birmingham , and the other great towns m the South . Is not this the greatest shame that ever was witnessed nnder thc sun 1 And shall not we be resolved to -prevent our country from being reduced to a similar state ; shall not wo venture , if necessary , our limbs and our lives , rather than not endeavour to cause , bv all legal means , a change in the condition of thc " labourers of these two ill-treated

      countries ? What ! sliall any lord tell me , or tell any one of you , that vou have not a rig ht to be in England as well as he has ' ? Will he tell you that he has a right to lay all his lands waste , or lay them into sheep-walks , and drive the people from them ? A stupid landowner might say so , and might attempt to do it ; but detestable must bo the Government that would suffer him , even to begin , in the work of giving effect to his wish . God did not make the land for thc few , but for the many . Civil society invented property * , but gave it not that absolute character which would enable a few owners to extirpate the people , as they appear to be endeavouring to do in Scotland .

      I remain , your faithful friend , Wji . Cobbett . Now , then , what docs the reader think of that ? That is the sort of "knowledge" to beget a strong determination to use nothing but " moral" force " That is thc sort of " knowledge" to cause its possessors to eschew all idea of "forcible resistance ;" and induce a determination to remain " quiet and orderly" until they can " morally" persuade the Government to secure for them a better " SHARE " than a " boothie" and " barley-bread ! " 0 yes ; thc people that are made to know tliose things—made to endure thc oppression—will never dream of " physical" resistance ; but they will endure on , until their feeble complaints have worked that change in thc hearts of the " rich oppressor" which even thc " grace of God" cannot effect !

      But wehave not yet had the whole of the picture . There arc ono or two features in it -ranting , but which can be supplied . It happens that Mr . Cobbutt was in this very town of Dunfermline ; and in a " Second Address to the _CuorsiiCKS , " lie details what he there saw . Here follows that detail ; attend to it ; anil then wonder , —not that the people of Dunfermline are " rioting" just now , —but that tliere has been a town or a singlo habitation left standing within a thousand miles of thc spot , where such a state of things exist as is therein set forth . Read ; mark ; LEARN ; and inwardly digest : —

      Mv Friends , —In my formor address I described to you how the married labourers of Scotland were treated , in what places tliey lived , and what tliey lived upon : I am now going to describe to you how the single men live ; I mean the fanning _tvwn , who swe what the law calls servant * in husbandry . I mentioned to you before , tliat these men are lodged , a parcel of tliem together , ill a sort of slicd , and tliat they are never suffered to eat or drink , or even set tlieir foot in the farm-house any more than the oxen or the pigs are ; but I had not then examined tlic matter with my own eyes and cars , which I tow have done ; and I shall therefore now give ycu an account of the whole thing , nnd shall give you my advice how to act so as to prevent yourselves or your cliildren from ever being brought into the same state .

      On Tuesday last , the 16 th of this month , I went to the farm of a fanner Held , near the town of Dunfermline . Tlie land is as fine as man over set his eyes on , linvirg on it some of ( lie finest turnips that you ever saw ; mid there being in the stack-yard about three-score stacks , perhaps , each containing from fifteen to twenty quarters of corn ; fine oxen and hogs in the yard , and fine cows and sheep in the pastures . I told you before , that the single men lived in a sort of shed > which is hero called a "boothie ; " and the farmer upon this farm living near a town , and being said to use his people rather better than the common run , I wished to see with my own eyes thc " boothie" upon this farm and the men in it .

      The custom here is for men to plough with , a pair of horses ; to go out at daylight ; come in at twelve o ' clock , and stay in till two ; then go out again and plough till night ; anil I have seen many of tliem at plough till sunset . Coko , of Norfolk ' , brought this practice from Scotland to Norfolk ; and it lips spread over a good part of England . It is a very bad practice , though I adopted it lor somo time , and , I found it no advantage to nn .-, while it was a great slavery both to the horses and the men . I went to the "boothio" between twelve and one o ' clock , in order that 1 might find the men at homo , and see what they had for their dinner . I found the " boothie" to bo a . shed , with a fire-place iu it to burn coals in , with one door-war , and one little window . Thc floor was the

      ground , lhcro were three wooden bedsteads , nailed together like the berths in a _bansick-rooin , with boards fov the bottom of them . The bedding seemed to be very coarse sheeting with coarse woollen things at the top ; and all seemed to bo such as similar things must b » where thera is nobody but men to look after them . There wero six men , all at home ; one sitting upon a stool , four upon the sides of the berths , ami one standing talking to ma . 'Chough it _w-vs Monday , their beards , especially or two of them , appeared to bo some days old . There were ten or twelve bushels of coals lying in a heap in one corner of the place , which was , as nearly as I could guvss , about _sixtewi or eightcon feet square . Thero was no backdoor to the place , and no privy . There wero some loose potatoes lying nnder one of tho berths .

      Now . for tha -rages of these mon . In the first placo tho average wages ot these single farai . _ti-j * men iire aht-nt ten pound * a year , or not quite four shillings a weuU . Then , they arc found provisions in lh » following manner : oath has allowed him two pocks of coarse oatmeal a week , Wi _. l three " chnppins" _ofiu ' ok a day ; and a " choppin" is , I believe , equal to an English quart . Thoy have to _u-e this meal , which weighs about seventeen pounds , either by mixing it with cold water or with hot ; they put somo of it into v , howl , pouv some boiling water upon it , then stir it about and eat it ; and they call thi 3 _Whose ; and you will be sure to remember that name . "When thev use milk with the meal , thuy use it in the same way that they do the water . I saw some of the brose mixed ui )

      ready to cat ; and this is by no means bad _stultj only there ought to be _half-a-pound of good meat to eat aloii ;; with it . Thc Americans make " hrosc" of the corii-mcaf ; but , then , they make tlicw . to ,. ** , with xnin * instead of water , and they send it down their throats in company with buttered beef-steak * . And it _tliw-o was sonic bacon along with thc brosc , I should think thc hrosc very proper ; because , in this country , oats , w move easily grown in some pans than thc wheat is . These men were" not troubled with cooking utensils . They had a large _i-.-os : saucepan ; aml live , or _?; :: _broscbuwls ; and . ire _nercr troubled with tlio . se _chittiriug things , knives , forks , plale . * , _viaes'iir-crti _..-: _? , _siili-ccllars , p _^ _per-by-es . _mustard-po ' _.-.-, table-cloihs , or talks .

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      "Now , I shall not attempt any general description of this treatment of tliose who make all the crops to come ; but I advise you to look well at it ; and I recommend to you to do everything within jour power that it is lawful fov you to do , in order to show your hatred of , and to cause to suffer , any ono tbat shall attempt to reduce you to this state . The meal and the mills arc not worth moro thaneightecn-pence a week ; the shed ig worth nothing ; and here are these men , who work for so many hours in a day , who aro so laborious , so obedient , so civil , so houest , aad amongst the best people in thc world , receiving for a whole week lcs 3 than an American labourer receives for one day ' s work not half so hard as tho work of tliese men . This shed is stuck up generally away from the farm-yard , which is surrounded with good buildings ,

      in which the cattle are lodged quite as well as these men , and in which young pigs arc fed a great deal better . There xvere three sacks of meal standing in this shed , just as you see them standing in our farm-houses hiled with barley-meal for the feeding of pigs . The farmhouse , standing on one side of thc yard , is always a sort of gentleman's liouse , in wliich there are several maids to wait upon the gentleman and lady , and a boy to wait upon them too . There is , generally , a ' BAiMFF upon these farms , who is very often a relation of tlio fanner ; and , if he be a single man , he has either a " small boothio " to himself , or a placo boarded off in a larger " boothie ;" and he is a sort of a sergeant or corporal over the common men , who arc continually under his eye day and night ; and who being firmly bound for tho year , cannot quit their service till thc year be out .

      It is from this source that tho " agricultural gentlemen , " as they call themselves , in England , have been supplied with Scotch Bailiffs , who are so justly detested by you . The Scotch landowners , who suck up and cai ry away almost the whole produce of tho earth , havo ( old the English landowners how tliey manage the matter here . The English fellows find that tliey can get nobody in England to treat men in such a way , and , therefore , they bring them up from Scotland , and tliey pick out the hardest and most cruel fellows that they can find in Scotland ; so that we' have not , by any means , a fair specimen , even of Scotch bailiffs : because niiieteen-tweutieths of

      them would not do the savage tilings which tlie _hnghih tyrants want them to do . "Well enough may you complain of Scotch bailiffs ; and , wherever you find one , you always find tho employer to be a grinding , hard-hearted man , and I advise you to have your eye upon every man who has a Scotch bailiff ; for , you may be very sure , that his intention is to bring you down to the shed and to tho brose ; to prevent you from ever seeing knife or fork , or bread again , and to have you considered as being nothing better than thc cattle . 1 am , yonr faithful friend , Wit . _Coiwett .

      It may be objected , that this description does not apply to the present case ; that it relates to tho agricultural labourers—those who work for others on the land ; while tho " rioters" are manufacturing operatives . True , this is so : but the condition of thc working manufacturers is , generally , as bad as the condition of the inmates of the " boothies" and the livers on the " brose . " The wages they receive are miserably low , " such as will purchase no % ; , degree of comfort than the agricultural labourers " enjoy" (?) . Dunfermline is mainly engaged in the manufactory of table-cloths and table-covers ; and

      the houses of the workers aro of a small and m n character . The BROSE-howl is one of the " utensils" ofthe dwelling ; and inthe town are sold lumps of suety-fat , made up into small balls , w / _tovwtl / i to mole Irolh ! Apnn-M of vegetables and water , and a few of these " balls " , ( sold at thc rate q ( Uwec-apenny , wel believe ) , without any other meat , form a MESS OF BROTH—which , like a red herring in Ireland , is considered a luxury ! And when an attempt is made to filch from even this small "SHARE , " by parties who have "ESTATES , " the writer in tlio Times is staggered at resistance manifesting itself .

      And what is his remedy ? Hear it , yo " moral force" advocates . Hear it , ye who have persuaded yourselves that no circumstances can justify a resort to " violence ; " hear of tho power which the writer in the Times proposes , to mako the starving workers of Dunfermline put up with the REDUCTIONS in their miserable wages attempted by the owner of " _Ralnade Ifoxife . " Hear of the force he would employ , to extract the " balls of fat" from out of tho horrible " MESS of broth" the inadequate earnings of the Dunfermline weavers will only now procure ' , Hear of all this ; and then go and exhort to submission and quiet endurance ! It is likely that your preachings will be called for !

      On Monday the justices of the Dunfermline district met in the town-house , and resolved to memorialise _government on the necessity of making Dunfermline il PJBltMANBNT MILITAHY _STATION , and having ktr . racks built for the a « ommo ( l « lion _qf the men . It is impossible to come to any other conclusion than that there if , in the town of Dunfermline a regular band of conspirators , organised and disciplined with watchwords and signals , hound together under obligations of secrecy , o . ul with hearts to conceive and ueads to execute _AXY CHIMES , however atrocious . Such a fearful stale of things must be met by the authorities with the umwst vigilance ; and Dunfermline requires the constant _I'KOlUC'nOX of tlte military .

      There are other circumstances wliich will in fiiturn make this protection otill more indispensably iiei .-es .-aiy than it is at present . Iu addition to the unquiet _pepin :.-tion of Dunfermline , and of thc disorderly inhabitant * of Crossgates , llalbeath , and Dell's Kitchen , and the numerous collieries around Dunfermline , we have now before us the prospect of a new village of _L' 000 to 8001 ) inhabitants , arising at once at the great iron-works about to be opened at Oakley ; and between this new population and the strangers whom the demand for railway hil » _nv-v * will bring into l _* ife , it is to be feared that the pre * : ltr . a of peaceful and moral habits , and of good order am' ss urity to person and property , will uot be in proportion to the increase of the census .

      Tho daft fool 1 Can thc bayonet quiet a lumgrs ' man ? Stick it into him , and it will ; but then " two can play at tliat- game . " Itis rather too dangerous " an expedient to be often resorted to ; while " hunger will break through stone walls . " Forty thousand soldiers , with barracks , and fortifications , and loopholes , _mul cannon and muskets in profusion , euiilil not , nor can not , " put down" Moi . u * _Maouiuh in Ireland ; and if a "PERMANENT MILITARY '' will mako the Scotch people content with tlieir - boothies" and their "BROSE , " aad tlieir " broth" without fat , " why they will richly _dcicrro all that the most iron-hearted tyranny can inflict !

      The Harvest, And Tiie Choi's. Duniso Tli...

      THE HARVEST , AND TIIE CHOI'S . _Duniso tlic present week , and for a few days of thc last week , thc weather in tho south here , has been remarkably fine—well calculated for harvest ; operations . There has been plenty of sun , accompanied with good dry winds . Still , there is reason to fear that thc mischief caused by thc cold and wet of the two previous months cannot now be remeilieil . AU that fine weather will now enable the fanner to do , will bo to secure thc crop , swell as it is , v . _* _iVl « wt nuieh labour in thc field , and without the adiliiioiia _* evil of wet after it is cut , to a deficiency in _>' _" " ¦ '•" from Wat while growing . Tliat sucli a . _PKl- 'l _* CIKNCY is to _bs apprehended , the tbUowius ; from the Mark-lane Express of Monday furnishes bat too

      many reasons : — In aU of the southern parts of thc kingdom very beautiful weather h _.-is been enjoyed since Vfednesdiiy , but in some of thc northern counties of England , as also in _^ votlnml , tlie rain did uot cease so soon as with us , and considerable damage appears to have been done along tlie eastern coast , by the extreme violence of the wind and torrents of rain , to the outstanding crops . On the whole , therefore , the prospects in regard to the harvest have in no degree improved , uotwlthstandidg thc late nusp iciui ' change in the lrcathcr . Indeed , there is too miicl ' rtlil _" son to fear that , however favourable thc month of _•^ _'l' - teinber may be for the ingathering , the _rKEVioi'siT sr * -

      TAIKF . D _IS'liilV _YTHA . V £ SDEllVr _lMrOBSlltLl . _l'OU AN _AVtbagk cuor or wijbat to ii £ _secuhe !) . Complaints ot the inferiority of the quality as wull ns of the . _-icrrnWe deficiency are general from all those quarters _wliew _prograns has been made with renp ' ms ; and no jniieh fea * tliat these will increase in proportion us the harvest is proceeded with . Whatever way bo said or written to tha contrary , it would be folly to suppose that wilh such w * _' » _- tlur i ' . s tliat experienevd throughout Juiy _w . d August , tlm wheat plant _coulu have escaped being injured ; and , disposed as we arc to tak « the most favourable view of t' _* ° matter , we _jiust bb _ritEPABUD 'to _rsi'Kcr . \ _yit . v _- vrEKioit _i'Koducg , _bolli « i point of _quaiit . _*!/ * iu <* l' « _. '' _** l i * ° that of recent year * .

      In our last wet-It ' s articU w « noticed the rumours then already current respecting a disease in the _pytaw" * crop ; complaints on this _sui'ject Dure increased since then from most , of tha southern and western _cmitties ; but we are happy to say tliat hitherto the reports fro' 11 ln 0 north and cast , as well as the advices from Scotland aw Ireland , arc silent iu respect to this matter , / ' *''" ¦•' , il 1 ' wo infer thatthe mischief has not oxtcmW lar * r i :, v onr Scotch advices it seems that tlic _»'«'•¦ _;••'• '' ' _^ excessively wet and boisterous in _tlmf _ciaa' p > Wednesday nkrht , and , though it _Eubswiiica ' _-b ' . _l'"" ' , . „ . ' the storm of wind and rain had , it was _fviircd , done parable injury to the rrain crop ? . _, ., j _IVo-. n Ireland the reports _resiicctii _? " ' "' _^ . ' . ' . ' .. li vely '

      Hi-, _ni-obabk ' _ivsiiit of _ihelifirrrSS _piiHtiinr- * _*"" " _' . _'"* " . * ' ih ; -probable _iv-: _i : ! t of llic li _. irrcss _piiHtii'" - * . / . ' .. . _^ fr . T . waV . e . 1 .: th < . _> Ko : it ! _iiwrt : o : io : _' : !! _- _^ : _- _; _-i : !'; _l- _'" : _cJv ' !!; ' of «! - .. -: ;? . iwr ! . 'y , a ::: _lo- _'ts ! , u ! _i-.. iui « ' _-: _' . i _'* _'d , a" « - ' ' ¦ "i _'" _- ' v ' - (' . ' -m _n' _-w _-t _> i * . j :-U- _ _' _.- L * is vr . lls' . i _.-i-Jcil oi .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 30, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_30081845/page/4/