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Northern Star (1837-1852), 24th November 1849, Edition 4 of 4, Page unpag, TO THE ENGLISH PEOPLE. MX BEAK FSIEXDS ,...

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    • HURRAH'. HURRAH!! HURRAH!!! CMOJ\ T BETWEEN ENGLAND AND IRELAND.
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      Hurrah'. Hurrah!! Hurrah!!! Cmoj\ T Between England And Ireland.

      HURRAH ' . HURRAH !! HURRAH !!! _CMOJ \ BETWEEN ENGLAND AND IRELAND .

      To The English People. Mx Beak Fsiexds ,...

      TO THE ENGLISH PEOPLE . MX BEAK _FSIEXDS , Ton , who adopted me when I was exiled from my native land , will he more than rejoiced to hear that never , in the most excited ? ' - Z , _? _5 _^ 0 f m y Pop _^ _Tity _, _Tvas Irecaved nythe English _pkwithlmore faea _^ _be come and enthusiastic reception than i met _with on Tuesday ni ght from my hrave _^ _wl generous countrymen . It so overpowered me that I could scarcel y speak ; audit so inspired me with hope that I found it difficult to restrain my feelings . However , as the one thmg ever oppermost in my mind is thc regeneration of your order , and as the one thin *

      necessary for the attainment of that object is a sincere and thorough , union of your order , I earned my excitement , and explained the cordial sympath y which existed between the worMng classes of hoth countries . Apart from the continuous persecution thatl had experienced for fifteen years from the Irish agitators of the old school—without the means of defendingmyself , through the Press or other-¦ wise—I had to meet the antagonism and _defraudation of the leaders of the new party , "which yon will find developed in the following article , extracted from the " Nation" of Saturday last , and to which I had neither time aor opportunity to reply

      ;¦—THREATENED INTERRUPTION . Wc have learned with extreme astonishment and regret that some ill-advised or ill-disposed persons threaten an interruption of the Aggregate Meeting on Tuesday next . During the past week the Conference heard for the first time that Mr . Feargos O'Connor , without any invitation from them , had arranged with one of liis friends here , to come over to Ireland and interpose in the affairs of this meeting .

      Few public hodie 3 have rested under a graver responsibility than lies upon tbis Conference . The movement they originated has received the support of the country to an unprecedented extent , the measures they contemplate are urgently _necessary to the rery existence of the people , and nobody is ignorant how jealous and sensitive are the prejudices against which they mast guard to do the -work they have undertaken . It was their clear and primary duty to take care that the strength which the new movement had gathered should not he dissipated by any blunder or indiscretion at the Aggregate Meeting . _Ilence this news- was heard with

      -unmiti gated regret . For it need not' he said tbat there is a wide prejudice among the requisitionists throughout the Kingdom against Mr . Feargos O'Connor ; some few perhaps on account of liis opinions , but the vast majority on quite other grounds . The practice of the Chartists of Mr O'Connor ' s school to interrupt anti-corn law meetings in England and force their own opinions npon them by clamour , was not a very promising antecedent to this move ; and the Conference accordingly did what had now become their clear duty , but did

      it intheieast offensive way . They sent a letter to Mr . O'Connor , informing him that for grave and sufficient reasons affecting the eause which he expressed himself anxious to serve , it was tbeir unanimous desire that he should not persist in the eourse he had meditated . We publish the letter in another page . There has not been time for . in answer , but wo are assured that a little knot of his friends persist in the intention of forcing him npon the meeting at all hazards ; and threaten to interrupt the proceedings for this purpose .

      This is an outrage which will rebound upon its -authors , at the moment , and for ever after . Tbey tried it upon Cobden and Bright and behold tbe result . Other parties tried it upou the Confederates and tbe result too is memorable . But if at this terrible crisis , when men hare been slowly and painfully awakened from their apathy to make one more effort for life , their hopes shall be marred even for a moment , to give a petty personal distinction to an individual , woe to the actors in such a scene —their names shall be infamous iu Ireland . To prompt and signal failure on the spot , they will add disgrace that shall not die .

      But Mr . O ' Connor may he coming as a friend and ally ? Friends , we apprehend , wait far an invitation ; allies do not rush into your presence , _bludgeon in hand , threatening to knock you down if they cannot have their own way . If an Irish demagogue , with a hand from St . Giles at Ms heels , rushed into a meeting of the Financial and Parliamentary Reformers in London , Sir Joshua "Walmsley wonld be apt io give such a "fiiend " to the custody of the police .

      We dislike dealing with personal character or personal motives ; and we are seriously anxious to avoid unnecessary irritation in this business ; because the new Organisation , so far from provoking enemies anywhere , is anxious to make friends on all hands ; and of all sections of the English democracy among the rest . But alliances and friendships must be spontaneous and voluntary ; the affection or confidence of a people cannot he carried by rape .

      _Now , so far from having any , the slightest , disposition to require more satisfaction for the above introduction upon my return to my native land , than my honest countrymen awarded me in their hearty and enthusiastic cheers , I bury it for ever in oblivion , presuming that Mr . Duett , who is a young man , naturally based his objection to my presence npon long prejudices created hy others ; and , had I taken part for the purpose of disturbing or interrupting that union and harmony of the Irish mind which is indispensable for the regeneration of Ireland , I shonld have been justly looked upon as a fiend and a traitor—nay , I shonld have considered myself as one .

      I attended the Conference on Monday night , hut , as I pledged myself in the letter which you will see at foot , to take no part , I remained silent ; while my heart , and the heart of onr young friend _Taomas Clabk , who accompanied rae , jumped with joy when itwas proposed by Patrick O'Higgins , seconded ind carried , that a FULL , FREE , AND FAIR REPRESENTATION OF THE WHOLE PEOPLE L \ T THE COMMONS HOUSE OP PARLIAMENT should be adop ted as one of the princip les of the National Alliance—a resolution which , you are aware , embodies every princip le of the People ' s Charter . _„ „

      The gentlemen who attended the Conference naturall y looked , npon me -with suspicion , in consequence of the article published in the _"Nation" all of them were on the platform at the great and glorious aggregate meeting on the following night , and everyone of whose prejudices I destroyed and dissipated hy my speech—all shaking me most heartily hy both hands , rejsicing in my presence , and welcoming me as their countryman . Eng lishmen ] I now see Liberty foreshadowed in the distance , based npon a union between the working classes of England aud Ireland , which no trickster shall impede , no tyrant shall destroy .

      Oh ! what a g lorious thing is a pure conscience and an unassailable character . Just think of a man exiled from his country , denounced for nfteen years , and threatened to be dncked in the lAffey if he -visited his native land , standing upon the p latform living down T Oeiudice , standing forward in defiance of all opposition , and receiving the unanimous aconittal of his countrymen . heen

      _Row , Eng lishmen , a nnion has cemented , which vanity or ambition upon my part , slavish trickery npon the part of those who -would Bell their conntry for a mess of pottage , or antagonism t > etween Celt and Saxon , shall never destroy . Read , the following correspondence between me and your loved and honoured Chartist friend , Patrick _Q'E iggtss , who has been r . _nY . wntfin' like myself , confined in a felons

      it was Treason to love her , Ana death to defend . - _Rond that , and then you will learn whether 1 E _Th 2 _dX an " evil disposed person , " _^^ _shedfo mar the _fntore prospects _^ _T ? _TlvfLterraptioH , or whether I was _in-££ _TWo 7 L soundest , purest , and

      To The English People. Mx Beak Fsiexds ,...

      chairaan of the meeting ofthe _National Conference , on their behalf , to Mr . O' Connor : — _"National Conference Committee Rooms , ' _Northumberland Buildinps , Dublin , „ „ . r _ _"November 14 tb , 1 _& 9 . _tv _l-l _was communicated tothe Conference ot _Nationalists appointed to make preparations for tie Aggregate meeting in Dublin on the 20 th inst ., tliat it is your intention to attend and take part in the proceedings . As their chairman , I have been instructed to communicate to you the desire of the Conference , that you should not do so . _Nothing personally offensive to you is intended by this request ; but it was the unanimous opinion ofthe Conference _AflQIfmcin j \ C * V- ** * _« .. . _

      that your presence , it approved of by them , would seriousl y damage the new Organisation with many persons in Ireland whose adhesion is essential to its success , aud retard cr destroy the objects which your letter to the secretaries expresses so much solicitude to forward . I may say for myself , that my political opinions differ little , if at aU , from the principles of the Charter , and that I have no personal prejudice against Mr . O'Connor ; yet for the weighty reasons , I entirely concur in the decision of the Conference in this matter . "I have the honour to be , sir , " Your faithful servant , " _Jquk Maeiik _. T . C , Chairman . " Feargus O ' Connor , Esq ., M . P .

      And National Trades' Journal * ~~ ' — ¦ ...

      AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL * ~~ ' — ¦ — ' _^^^^^^^^^^^ m _^^ m _^ mm _^ m ~ mmm ~ m > mmmM m '' - ~ mm _^ mmmm _^' _^^ l _^ mn ~ mmmmu _^ mm _^ _ __ . .. _ _^„

      Mm Chairaan Of The L " Sui--Ft¦ Mon, , H...

      SUI--ft ¦ _"L MON , MM , _HOYEMBER 2 _MJT _^ _OT ) _u i i in ii mi ¦ _! ¦ li '" — _""' ' 1

      ..^ Jfotting Hill Terrace, -Sotting-Hill...

      _.. _^ Jfotting Hill terrace , _-Sotting-hill , ' London , " November , 16 , 1849 . "Sir , —In reply to yours of the Mth , I beg to assure you that nothing could be further -from my thoughts than offering any , tbe slightest , impediment to the national movement for the regeneration of Ireland , and therefore you may rest assured that although it is my intention to attend the Conference , it is not my intention to take any part whatever in its proceedings . " 2 ta ; I feel the interest of this movement too deeply at heart to allow any act of mine to impede or retard its progress , while I think both you , the committee , and the members must admit , that I have

      as great a right to take part in Irish politics as any living man ; while I would blush if the indiscreet exercise of that right had impeded the progress of the only movement from which I ever anticipated any benefit to result to my country . " My principal object in being present is to be able , upon my return to England , to announce the fact that at length it ha 3 been discovered that the cause of the working Celt and the working Saxon must be fought by the workers of both countries ; and however you may rely upon the power of your Irish staff to achieve your object , you may rest assured that tbe English people will not lag behind in the march of progress . "

      " Sow , believewhat I tell you , after seventeen years' experience—it is , that without the co-operation ofthe English people , the Irish people can do nothing—with it , they can do everything . " It is upon the vile antagonism created between the people of both countries that both Whigs and Tories bave been enabled to hold Ireland in the yoke of bondage . " Thanking you for your communication , " I remain , faithfully yours , " Feargus 0 _'Cosnob . " To John Martin , Esq ., T . C , _National Conference Committee Rooms , Dublin .

      Jhsalilius Uuujmsvb, J5su., M.V., Axu Iu...

      _jHSAliliUS _UUUJMSVB , J 5 SU ., M . V ., AXU IUU _XATI 05 AL _CONFERENCE . TO IHE EDITOR OF isa -FREEMAN . " Sib , —Havicg seen a letter in this day ' s Freemas , signed John Martin , T . C , Chairman of the [ National Conference , " addressed to Feargus O Connor , Esq ., and also an article in this day ' s Nation , in which it is stated ' tbat some ill advised or ill-disposed persons threaten an interruption to the aggregate meeting on _Tuesday next , ' and ia another part of the same article it states ' that Mr . O ' Connor may he coming as a friend . Friends , we apprehend , wait for an invitation ; allies do not rush into your presence , bludgeon in hand , threatening to knock you down if they cannot have their own way . ' " Now , to this wanton , indiscreet , ill judged , and , I regret to be forced to add , truculent attack , I respectfully request public attention to the follow- 1 ing simple statement of facts which cannot be . contradicted : —

      " 1 . I received a note of invitation to attend a meeting at the Nation ofliee , which meeting was , it was stated , to be limited to thirty . " 2 . I was elected on a committee of nine to consider and report what was the best to be done for the regeneration of our fallen country . " 3 . A new committee was elected by ballot at a subsequent meeting . I was again elected on this committee , and still remain a member of it . " 4 . It was unanimously agreed upon that an aggregate meeting should be called . A printed requisition , setting forth the object of the aggregate meeting , was distributed amongst the members of the conference in order to obtain signatures . I , like others , and in the usual manner upon such

      occasions , got mine signed by several respectable citizens ; I shall not now state the reasons several assigned for refusing to sign the requisition . I wrote to the country for the signatures of my friends ; from one town I got seventy-nine names . I wrote to Mr . O'Connor for liberty to affix his name to tbe requisition , and at tbe same time requesting bim to comcto the meeting , stating—what I then believed that it was to he , a truly national one—and that I had reason to think a resolution to co-operate heartily with the English Radical and Financial Reformers , would be proposed . Mr . O ' Connor assented . I received that assent on tbe 7 th inst ., and handed it to Mr . John Martin , T . C , on the same day . The requisition , with Mr . O'Connor ' s name and an extract from his letter , were forwarded to be published in the Freeman ' s Journal , by tbe secretaries . I heard no objection to Mr . O'Connor

      till Wednesday , the Uth hist ., and that objection was from but one individual , tbe writer of tbis article in the Nation , who , it appears , is in a fair way to place himself in an unenviable position . " 5 . . Can anything- be more ludicrously absurd than the article in the Nation , wherein it is asserted that Feargus O'Connor is going' to obtrude himself ' on the aggregate meeting uninvited , while in the very samepaper his name is second to the requisition convening the meeting ! This is the first time that a requisitionst was considered an intruder : however , the longer we live the more we learn . "I shall now conclude by referring to the subjoined letter from Mr . O'Connor to Mr . John Martin , which I hope will have the salutary effect of teaching gentlemen the folly of jumping at conclusions . I am , Sir , " With great respect , your obedient servant , " Patrick _O'Higgixs .

      " 15 , North Anne-street , 17 th Nov ., 1849 . "P . —I hope and trust that my fellow-citizens do not consider me an 'ill-disposed person . ' "P . O'H . " Now , my friends , I hare not time to write more , nor is it necessary , -further than to assure you that no power on earth shall dissolve this veritahle union hetween the working classes of England and Ireland , and upon whose disunion alone the tyrants and oppressors of both countries hare ever based their power .

      You will find hi the "Star" a full report of the proceedings , copied from the "Freeman s Journal" of Wednesday morning . Your faithfhl and uncompromising Friend , _Feakgus O'Connor .

      Tne Ex-Iiailw-Jit Kxvc—Mr. Hudson Has So...

      TnE Ex-IiAiLw-JiT Kxvc—Mr . Hudson has sold his _Londesborough Estate , his Octon Grange Estate , bought for £ 70 , 300 , and his Hutton Cranswick Estate , comprising altogether about 16 , 000 acres of land , in the East Riding of Yorkshire , to Lord Albert Denison , late Conyngham , the heir or executor of tbe late Mr . Denison . He retains now ouly his Baldersley Estate , which cost about £ 125 , 000 , on which fie has expended some £ 20 , 000 , and Newby Park , -which cost £ 20 , 000 . He bas made a small profit On the estates sold , and wants about £ 200 , 000 for the two left . Some will be glad to hear this , as they will expect Mr . Hudson to act liberally , and repay some of tbe sufferers by liim a nart of their losses . —BerapatKs Railway Journal .

      Pos t-office Accouats of Great Britain asd ihe United States . —The Post-office authorities are now enraged in negotiating _^ fittt the American government an arrangement for better regulating the accounts upon the international correspondence between this country and the United States . The su _^ estions which have emanated from the authorities here are directed to obviate the present tedious aud inconvenient system of making up and taxin g the American correspondence at Liverpool . It is proposed that either office should account to the other for the weight of letters by the gross , and natKe iudividuanetter . Thissystem has been _SdoS wiS _referencetothe French and English mails , and the result has bten hig hly satisfactory .

      Aggregate Meeting Of The

      AGGREGATE MEETING OF THE

      IRISH _NATIONALISTS . The agggregate meeting of Irish _Nationalists , convened by requisition , was held in the Music HaU , lower Abbey-street , on Tuesday night . Admission was by ticcket _, and the attendance was very numerous . The building was densely crowded in every part ; the reserved scats were well filled _, and a large number of ladies occupied seats in the boxes and galleries . Before the hour named for opening the door they were surrounded by large crowds eagerly anxious to obtain admittance ; and when they were at length thrown open , the rush was tremendous , and every available spot was speemiy taken possession of . The proceedings were marked b y much enthusiasm , and tho gentlemen principally concerned in ori ginating the meeting were received with loud cheering and other

      ma nifestatons of applause . Amongst those on and _aiiout the platform were John Martin , T . C ., Arthur Barlow , T . C ., John Hogan Burke , solicitor , Rev . Mr . Pay , C . C ., Rev . T . o'Malley , Dr . Carolan , T . C ., James Nugent , P . L . O ., A . B . Stritch , barrister , Rev . J . P . Ennis , Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., M . P ., C . Taaffe , barrister , M . R . Leyne , John Lloyd , Fitzgerald , barrister , Richard Grattan , M . D ., J . P ., T . Fitzgerald Strange , solicitor , ( Waterford , ) Charles Gavan Duffy , John Cashel Ilbey , John Magrath , solicitor , George _YTashihgtonVance , E . Butler , M . Tobyn , T . C ., M . Burke , C . S . llalph , James Doyle , E . Evans , Patrick O'Higgins , & c . The chair was taken at seven o ' clock , by Dr . Grattan , J . P ;

      Mr . _SiniTcn , one ofthe secretaries , read the requisition convening the meeting , and stated that it had received the signatures of eighty dignitaries of the Roman Catholic Church , of 110 Roman Catholic curates , of twenty-two of the regular clergy of the same church , of 120 magistrates , landed proprietors , corporators , and poor-law guardians , of 200 members of the learned profession of 700 land holders and farmers , and of 900 merchants , traders , and artificers . ( Cheers . ) The Chairman , who was received with loudeheers , said , it might not have been too much to expect tbat somo of the Irish peers or representatives would be present . ( Hear , hear . ) It woald not have been unreasonable to think that the landed P 1 ' 0 _>

      prietors should be there to identify themselves with a proceeding that was intended to confer benefit upon Ireland , to give tbe aid of their advice and counsel for its welfare , and to act with one mind for the good of their common country . { Hear , and , « heers . ) Seeing the absence of such , he took the chair with some disappointment . He feared they had little to expect from the peers or landlords ; hut they should not on that account despair of the fortunes of their country . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) If those classes did not come forward to aid their country , others would not be wanting to do it ; in the absence of the peers and landlords , they should fall back upon the people . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) They could rely with certainty

      upon the Catholic clergy , who emanated from the people , and sympathised and defended them to the utmost of their power on all occasions . ( Cheers . ) The success of that movement greatly depended upon the conduct of those who attended the meeting—much depended upon the feeling of unanimity that he hoped would mark their proceedings . ( Hear , hear . ) That association had no connexion with any other body—it was breaking new _ground altogether — it was endeavouring to revivify the almost lifeless corpse of the country . The chairman concluded by expressing a hope that the proceedings of the meeting would be conducted with order and decorum , that no offence would be given to any person , and that the resolutions would

      receive a cool and calm consideration . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Magrath moved the first resolution to the following effect : — "That legislative independence is the clear , eternal , and inalienable ri ght of this country , -and that no settlement of the affairs of Ireland can be permanent until that right is recognised and established . " The speaker then proceeded to say that native . legislation was the right ofa nation . There were many impediments standing in their way ; but this Irish alliance were determined to persevere until they removed every impediment that stood in the way of national independence . ( Cheers . ) Their worthy and respected chairman had recommended that nothing personal should take place in the meetine . He obeyed that

      admonition with respect , and he " there tendered the hand of fellowship to every man who united with his fellow Irishmen to advance the rights of his native country . ( Cheers . ) He should not enter into the various topics suggested by the resolution : but he would merely say that it was to the poor and labouring classes , and to their interest and their advancement , that this association would mainly look . The rich knew how to look after themselves ; the poor had no one to look after them . ( Hear . ) There was sufficient land and sufficient labour in the country , but what was wanted was legislation in the country —( hear , hear)—beneficial legislation to direct the industry , the enterprise , and the energy ofthe country in a proper channel . ( Hear , hear . ) "When he recollected the men who went into parliamentas tbe assumed representatives of the people , and when he saw those men driving

      their carriages along the streets and neglecting the duties they owed to the people , he felt a loathesomeness and disgust at the conduct that had been hitherto pursued in the representative system of this country . ( Hear , hear . ) But here were men now assembled on that platform who pledged themselves that they would never accept place , or pension , or power until such time as tne rights and liberties ef Ireland were fully recognised and eonceded . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) For hia part he would willingly rather sit down and mecadamise the streets for the maintenance of himself and his family than accept the highest place the government could offer him at the expense of the interest of his country . He begged in conclusion to propose the resolution he had read . Three cheers were then called for , and given for Mitchel ; and three for Meagher .

      Mb . _Lbyxe then presented himself , and was received with loud , cordial , and enthusiastic cheering , and having read the resolution which he was about to second , said—The famine has not done it—failure in a brave enterprise has not done it—the martyrdom of noblest victims has not done it ( great cheering)—the gorged vengeance of the law has not done it— the blandishments of power have not done it—the pageantry of imperial state has done it—calamity , and terror , and discomfiture , have alike been impotent to subdue the heart of Ireland—crush her aspirations for freedom . ( Loud cheers . ) Let this great asssembly , which represents so much of the mind and worth of the country—give to the world triumphant refutation to

      the gigantic falsehood that Ireland has lost faith in her own redemption . ( Loudeheers . ) And let it g ive heart and hope to her people , that in their present hideous degradation and brutallsing enslavement , men hitherto dissociated have abjured , as accursed and sins , their fratricidal cruelties , and will make this night a combined and prophetic pronouncement , that their old land shall achieve a destiny more worthy of her genius , her physical capabilities , and her ancient renown , than the ruinous provincialism that has rendered her the shame of humanity , the craving mendicant ofthe nations . ( Loudeheers . ) Sir , I recognise as a great truth what has been written by one whose restoration to the service of Ireland I regard as the salvation of her cause . That now , if ever , it behoves the

      tribunitial voice of Ireland to have a conscience m it . I hold this to he an inviolable precept , and its oblig ation I must discharge . ( I / Oud cheering . ) If I thought that in an Irish assembly , it were a disqualification in consideration and confidence to avow a participation in a brave endeavour to redeem our country—if I found that to enable me to address you , it needed one word of retraction of former avowals , or an apology for one single act in which in connexion with my illustrious friends 1 may have been engaged , —( cheers , )—never , never , though Ireland ' s triumph depended on the ignoble apostacy , would I condescend to solicit a public hearing . ( Great cheering . ) If it be criminality to have dared the last issue for Ireland , and that you so decree , I glory in the guilt . ( Cheers . ) If it be infamy to have welcomed death , that our

      country might live in independence and glory , and that you so decree , I am a proud villain . ( Loud cheers . ) If it be an enormity to have imagined for Ireland an era of freedom and power , and that you so decree , I accept the obloquy . If to have shared in the " divine delirium " that sought vengeance on oppressors , and snatched with an holy impetuosity the chastising sword of the Omnipotent , be a horror and a sacrilege , here stands a defiant and exultant reprobate . ( Vehement eheering . ) I thank you for this justice—I thank you for this acceptance of our services , and I promise that though we cannot pretend to plead our country ' s rig hts with the genius of thc eloquence that signalised our recent history , we shall proudly imitate the devotion and the ardour that have bad their calamitous attestation in the dungeon and the hulk . Prostrate as the land _nov is , weakened by direst

      Aggregate Meeting Of The

      want—bereft of her strength by plague and _otnisra tion-irresolute' because of senseless divisiontimid , cowcrwe , and almost exanimate—to speak in tins assembly in language of violence menance , and invite the country to rally in embattled array for the conquest of her liberties , wouid be braggart buffoonery to which I shall not descend . ( Hear , hear . ) Will you aid me in crushing a fiendish con . spiraey that has aimed for months to blacken the character of the men now in penal exile ? ( Cheers , ) I have traced these dishonouring accusations to a source so vile , and to motives so despicable , that I scorne to particularise the origin and the object . And surely this Is a legitimate appeal ; for if we be the executors of the civil testament of our martyrs the mission to

      - redeem Irol . ind-they have , too , bequeathed to us a sacred trust—their hononr and then * reputation . Yes , you are the guardians of then * tame . Is thero one man to impeach their exalted rectitude of purpose ? Is there ono man here bold enough to indite them before their country as recreants to her cause , as agents of her oppressor ? Is there here one accuser to maintain that their sublime constancy was a rehearsed mockery ? Ii there one false witness to allege that the intrepidity with which they accepted , as a glorious destiny , death for Ireland , was a stupendous and appalling hypocrisy ? Judas , I say , come forth ! ( Tremendous ; cheers . ) Oh , my friends , I proudly _proclaim _that-ifwerftid . _nfr-KossutfPfn _^ _he-tMnrofl we had no Georgey in the field or the camp . ( Loud

      cheers . _)^ Sir , - IT could not forget what I ' owe to friendship and recent attachment . I could not forget those who claimed a vindication from my lips which I had promised to them when we were hunted outlaws on the Tipperary hills . ( Vehement cheers . ) I could not forget my beloved and worshipped friend , Thomas Meagher—the glory of the youth of Ireland . I could not forget him who flung with a heroic abandonment the life of a young heart , brilliant genius , and a princely inheritance into the people s cause—I could not forget him whose great hopes I had shared , ' and in many of whose great vicissitudes I had participated . I could not forget him whoso wondrous voice seemed that " larger utterance , " in which some God twined

      tribune might speak his great revelations and issue his sublime ordinances , or seemed a tongue divine in which the angels ofthe stars might syllable their canticles : and thus , Sir , though tho fulfilment of this duty necessitated my retirement from public life , I have dared to bear my testimony to my worshipped friend and the partners of his " fate . ( Great cheering . ) These are our losses and our bereavements , and now for the "Living Land . " Our country yet remains , with beauty to enchant ; with _sorrows to endear ; with wrongs to exasperate us . What tongue shall tell her misery ? The fearful cry of her affliction has penetrated to the world ' s end . It has drowned the hoarse shoutings of the tempest . It has been heard above the

      thunderous clamour of the seas . Its tones of vehement agony have blenched the cheeks of the dwellers ih remotest regions . Men have started as if they listened to the death shriek of the universe . In the cabinets of princes—in the marts of commerce-in the streets of foreign capitals , her poverty and desolation have been themes of compassion , and have drawn forth the bounty of tbe Christian , and the surpassing generosity of the unbeliever . " God bless the Turk . " ( Tremeadous cheers . ) The savage in his uncontrolled domain has heard the echoes of that despairful lamentation , human though unknown , and , for the first time , his wild bosom has felt the ignoble sentiment of fear , "Wherever the tragic narrative of her woes have passed , the heart of

      kindred humanity has shuddered , panic-striken , and appalled . Here famine , and pestilence , and law—a trinity of demons—have starved , slain , and scourged our people . They have desolated countless homes . They have quenched the fires of a thousand hearts . They have driven forth countless children of the soil as ravening maniacs , or imprisoned them in their hells of poorhouses . Sir , I say that the _mvgovernment of this country , that the _systematised oppression under which this island groans , sre a perpetual incitement to insurrection —( hear , hear , and loud cheers)—and I say the responsibility of sueh a redress would not be with tbose who suffer , but on those who ruled cruelly and savagely . ( Loud cheers ) . Why , Sir , r . o revolution , no matter what the anarohy

      that it produced j . could have wrought & more terrific disruption of society than injustice and fostered famine have accomplished . Every interest is prostrated—one immense ruin is our portion—we are all slaves _^ and paupers alike . The cloud that shuts the sunshine from the peasant hut casts now also upon the patrician ' s dwelling the shadow of degradation , Want is no longer tlie terror of the toiler ' s home alone ; it has invaded the lordly homes of the landlords , and with phantom hand and inexorable ges » tures motion them to depart . And this is a retributive judgment for tbe murderous conspiracy against the people . Never—till she tear from its red tabernacle the Celtic heart of Ireland , and crush it in bleeding atoms beneath her heel , will she name

      Ireland a consenting slave or a despised dependant . ( Tremendous cheers . ) We are here to night in no new quarrel with England—we are here to open a new campaign in a time-honoured and immortal contest—we are here as no man ' s rivals for popular favour—we are hear as no man ' s competitors for notoriety—we are here because we believe it possible to retrieve the past and make a great futute for Ireland . We are to proclaim that not the most abounding prosperity which imperial legislation could confer—that not the incantations of a minister who deems himself a magician , because he is skilled in the vulgar tricks and jargon of a juggler—that not the glimpses of a sceptre which for one brief week was substituted for the scourge tbat habitually

      symbolised the councils and the acts of executive administration—can disenchant Ireland of her passion for independence . ( Enthusiastic applause . ) By nationality I understand an Irish senate , Irish laws , Irish institutions , thogreenflagflyingfreeabove the green land . By it I mean that this country , witli an instructed and governing soul should rule her own destiny , protect her oivn citizens , foster her own interests , guard her own honour , and write her own history . ( Loud cheers . ) By nationality I mean that the Irish soil shall have hospitality , and shelter her Irish people . By nationality I mean that Irish intellect shall bo no longer like a vagabond through the universe , but that here art shall build and mould her schools , science rear her halis ;

      and that in them Irish genius shall pursue the triumphs of investigation ; Irish eloquence preach the evangel of liberty , and the behests of patriotism ; and Irish poesy sing of irish freedom , Irish glory , Irish valour , and Irish beauty . ( _Vehementcheoring . ) Courage , old land ! For already the wide world heaves with the throes of a new nativity , amd thc Magi of the nations shall again worship at the cradle of democratic liberty , ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) Courage , old land ! For , behold , deBpitc tho atrocities that have rent her gallant bosom , Hungary nurses her purposes of vengeance on her stripling tyrant and tho miscreant ministers of his ferocity . Courage , old land ! For , behold , betrayed France , curses the audacious coxcomb who burlesques thc

      glories of her empire , and sees in the future her proud Republic builded on the tumbled ruins ofa foresworn impostor's power . ( Continued cheers . ) Courage , old land ! For thy elder sister , Italy , baptised with her at the same ancient font , sees too , in the future , the dawningof the day when , without degradation or remorse , she may kneel for the benediction of tlie vicegerent of liim crucified . Courage , old land ! For to that now world beyond the western main , which freedom has all but made her own , the refugees have gone with fiery zeal to proclaim thy wrongs , and to pledge its freemen to the advocacy of thy cause . ( Loud and prolonged cheering . ) Courage , old land ! For even in the guilty land of Britain , a noble democracy , —democracy though it seek no purple , and aspire to no diadem , is tho appointed ruler of the future—( cheers ) -that noble

      democracy , holding the destinies of Britain in its blistered but honest hand , recognises the validity of thy claims to justice and independence . ( Hear and cheers . ) Courage , old land ! For thy unnatural and fiercest foes , thy beggared aristocracy , who scorned thee as a mother , and lived on thy blood , and tears , and shame , have been hurled from their power , and stricken with retributive impotency . Courage , old land ' , For liberty is more than tho golden viaion of the poet—more than the ecstatic dream of the enthusiast—more than thc gross scheme of the speculator . It is the augustest endowment bf mankind . ( Vehement acclamation . ) And thy charter to its possession timo has not annulled , force has not abrogated , usurpation has not falsified—Heaven has not revoked it , earth has not erased it , hell has not filched it .

      Courage , old land ! ( Enthusiastic applause . ) Listen ! thou ' st told me of a trampled land—a land Subdu'd and scorn'd , whose very soul is bow'd And fashioned to her chains : but I tell thee Of a most generous and devoted land—A land of kindling energies—a land Of glorious recollections ; proudly true To the high memories of her ancient state , And rising in majestic scorn to cast Her alien bondage off . " [ Mr . Leyne retired amidst enthusiastic cheering ] .

      Aggregate Meeting Of The

      The motion mis put from the chair , and carried unanimousl y with acclamation . Mr . Fitzgerald _Stkakoe , ( of Waterford , ) came forward amid cheers to propose the second resolution , He felt pride and pleasure in being called on to take part in this great , this glorious re-union of Irishmen . ( Hear , hear . ) lie thought much gratitude was due to those gentlemen who first took upon themselves the task , disheartening as it must have been , of uniting and concentrating the

      scattered fragments of public opinion , and combining them into such a mass of strength and intelligence as tliat which formed this glorious aggregate meeting . ( Loud cknering . ) Mr . Strange proposed the second resolution which was as follows : — " That an association to be ealled ' The Irish Alliance , ' shall be now formed , to take the most prompt and effective measures for the protection of the lives and interests of the Irish people' , and the attainment of their national rights , and that these be the fundamental rules . "

      _TVSDAMESTAL HUMS . I . Tho moans of the Irish Alliance shall be the union of all Irishmen , the concentration of public opinion , and tho exercise of ail the moral , social and political influences within their reach . . II . The affairs of the alliance shall be managed by a council , who shall havo power to appoint officers 8 ub-co ; m ; _' _^^ _geheraT'meetihgs'of the body , aim make bye-laws for the government of the alliance not inconsistent with the fundamental rules . That half of the council of the Irish Alliance do go out at the end of each half year , but that they be competent to be re-elected .

      HI . The funds of the alliance shall be audited , and the accounts published once a quarter ¦ and all accounts , before payment , shall be submitted to , and approved of by , the committee of finance . IV . No resolution or other business shall be brought before the alliance of whicli a week ' s notice in writing , posted in the council room , shall not have been previously given ; and no resolution for altering any fundamental rule shall be brought forward without having received the sanction ofthe council . V . Neither the alliance , nor any member of it , shall be considered to bo bound by any opinion , "

      expressed by any individual , at any- meeting thereof . VI . Each member of the council shall subscribe a p ledge , binding him to refrain from accepting or soliciting place , pension , or patronage , from any English government who will not make thc object of the alliance a cabinet question ; and binding him not to vote for or support any candidate for parliamentary representation who will not take a similar pledge against the solicitation of government patronage ; and that any member of the council who shall be known to have violated this engagement shall be removed therefrom , and from "the alliance . "

      VII . All offensive allusions to any othor political association shall be strictly prohibited . VIII . Sectarian or religious subjects shall not be introduced into the proceedings of the alliance , except when it may be required for the defence of religious liberty , or for protecting and vindicating the inalienable rights and immunities of conscience . IX . That any Irishmen agreeing to the princi ples and fundamental rules ofthe Irish Alliance , may bo admitted a member on being proposed and seconded at a public meeting , and on the payment of a subscription of not less than one shilling , Mr . Strange—That a committee of twenty-one be

      appointed to manage the affairs of the "Irish Alliance" for one month , from November 20 th , 1840 , and to nominate the nucleus of a council : — Arthur Barlow , T . C . ; Henry Gore Carolan , M . D ., T . C . ; James Plunkett , T . C . ; John O'Neill , T . C . ; John Martin , T . C . * , Ralph Walsh , P . Johnston , Patrick Murphy , Charles Gavan Duffy , Rev . Mr , Fay , George Washington Vance , John Magrath , solicitor ; Charlton Stuart Ralph , W . J . Battersby , Doctor West , Edward Trouton , John Williams , Doctor White , Doctor Grattan , J . P . , * Ed ward Murphy , Kingstown . Treasurer—Martin Burke . Secretaries—John Lloyd Fitzgerald , Andrew Russell Stritch , Maurice R . Leyne .

      Mr . Gavan Duffs : then came forward and was received with tho most enthusiastic cheering , waving _of-hanmrcbiefs , _^^ minutes . He said , we have undertaken a grave and weighty responsibility to-day . ( Hear , hear . ) We stand here in the name of a multitude of tho best men in Ireland , to consider and determine what the interests of our country demand to have done at this hour . ( Hear , hear . ) Twelve months since I stood in the dock of Green-street —( cheers)—facing the power of the English government , and I declare , before God and my country , that I felt that position less trying and momentous than I , for oue man amongst you , feel this to-day . ( Continued cheering . ) When my beloved friends touch again thc

      holy shores of Ireland , either they shall hear that one old comrade in their toils is lying below the Irish soil , or I shall be able to say to them , ' Friends , for not one hour of your exile have I abandoned your work—by not ono tittle have I altered the goal towards which we marched—in not ono single point have I lowered the claims , the dignity , or the aim of our country . ( Prolonged cheering , ) What are the present and practical objects of the Irish Alliance ? The fiYSt object is the land . The murder of the Irish people by extermination and exorbitant rents must stop . ( Hear , hear . ) If you had seen with your own eyes , as I have seen , what the present system has made of Mayo and Galway , of Cork and Kerry , turnincr corn fields into deserts , and men into beasts , you

      would expect fire from Heaven to fall down on the exterminators . ( Sensation . ) One thing we can do . A committee of our wisest men , gathering help and information wherever it is to be got , can frame a bill , expressing in clear terms the actual rights and necessities ofthe people . ( Hear , hear . ) Such a bill would unite the opinion of all just men in and out of the kingdom upon it . For , ' trust me , when you have a just , equitable , and conclusive measure to propose half your work is done . ( Loud cheers . ) There are multitudes of men , both in England and Ireland , impatient to give such a measure their help , One other thing we can do . I am convinced that a majority of the exterminations are conducted contrary to law , even as the law stands . ( Hoar ,

      hear . ) I trust we shall be able to form a committee of barristers , who will contest such cases inch by inch with the exterminator . ( Hear , hear . ) I know one district in which the press alone stopped the march of death . ( Cheers . ) I am convinced there are many where law would be a Still more powerful shield . The next object of the Alliance is the abolition of church temporalities . I am extremely sorry that a question , associated with so many sectarian and angry passions , lies in our path . But experience has made it onl y too plain , that while England has such a garrison in her pay , unity among creeds and classes in this country is impossible . The establishment must fall . ( Cheers . ) First , because it is an outrage on the liberty of conscience

      —( hear)—secondly , because it is a barrier lying right between the divided ranks of Irishmen . ( Cheers . ) The third object is the franchise . A public writer has lately said that the electors of Ireland aro in the poorhouse—in the prison—in exile—or in the grave . ( Hear . ) Thc second city in Ireland delivered over to a Tory and Protectionist , is a startling illustration of the condition to wliich the Irish suffrage is reduced . Happily for our success in winning for the Irish people this right , a powerful association has been founded in England by Bright , Cobden , and the men who beat the aristocracy of England in their fiercest contests . They have united the whole democracy of England , and with the help of Ireland , and the

      natural justice of this cause , i' believe wo shall soon see it won . ( Cheers . ) The next object is the resources and manufactures of tho country . We have been too often disappointed to permit me to indulge in any extravagant promisos on this subject . But I do , for myself , believe that by going deliberately , quietly , and practically to work , by ascertaining what actually can be done , and engaging private enterprise upon it , we may work a change in thc whole face of this country little short of miraculous , ( Hoar , hear , and cheers . ) Such are the objects of this new alliance ; and no _\ Y let us see the rules by which it is to be governed . Its means are to be the means of the Catholic association , of the Irish Confederation —( cheers)—of

      thc Irish _iicague—ineai _*; near)— "tne union oi an Irishmen , the concentration of public opinion , and the exercise of all the moral , socwi , and politieal influences within their reach . " The affairs of the alliance shall be managed by a council carefully selected from tho wisest and best men—( bear , hear )—who adhere to the movement , and that they may be deliberately chosen , a month has been given for the selection of thc first council . ( Hear , hear . ) Half of them shall go out of office at tlie end of six months , but be capable of re-election , and the other half atthe end of twelve months , for the purpose of affording recurring opportunities of infusing new blood and vigour into the governing body . ( Cheers . ) The funds shall be under the control of a finance committee . Not ono penny shall be paid without their order —( hear , hear , and cheers)—and once a quarter they shall submit to a public meeting and

      Aggregate Meeting Of The

      publish an audit of the accounts . ( Hear , hear . Among several ordinary fundamental rules I find two others of primary importance . One is a pledge against place-begging . ( Enthusiastic cheering . ) Xo man can become a member ofthe council of this association —( hear , hear)—no member of parliament can receive the support of this association —( hear , hear)—who does not pledge himself against the base practice of trafficking for pl _.-ice with the English government . ( Cheers . ) No man can enter our council chambers who is not prepared to leave behind him at the door for ever all hope of living upon English gold . ( Loud cheering . ) The other rule in these words : — "All offensive allusions to any other political association shall be strictly prohibited . " ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) Gentlemen , fun !

      I ask you to adopt the spirit and letter of this - damental rule ; and I think I am entitled to nsk you to do this thing . ( Hear , hear . ) Oh ! my friends , there was never on thc earth nobler work to be done than will repay your generous endurance _, ( llear , hear , and loud cheers . ) Here is a great kingdom , with all its resources in ruin ; and yet awaiting but constructive hands to grow up anew in stately beauty . ( Enthusiasticcheers , ) WillyOU be the architects—will you be the workmen ? ( Cries of " Yes . " ) For myself there is one blessing before all others that I ask from Heaven—it is , that I may be an humble labourer in tho final completion of this holy work of ages . Mr . Dufty concluded , amid tho most enthusiastic cheering , by seconding the resolution . ( Continued to thc Fifth page . ) *

      Political Economy. " Uniform And Increas...

      POLITICAL ECONOMY . " Uniform and increasing abundance of all things is the desideratum of political economy . "

      10 IIIE _EMIOU O ? _IIVE _XOMHJSISX _stah _. Sir , —The above is the heading of a letter from ' the pen of Lawrence Iley worth , Esq ., of Liverpool , in the Daily Ncw 3 of November 17 th , a gentleman for whom 1 entertain the highest esteem , and one who is constantly labouring for tbe social and phybecause I conceive _him-nro' _belabouring under erroneous notions , that I deem it advisable , through the medium of your journal , with your permission , to make a few observations on his letter . It is evident that Mr . Heyworth considers cheapness the greatest desideratum of the age . ' He says ; " cheap production and unimpeded interchange of untaxed commodities , are the means whieh the immutable

      will of Providence has appointed to obtain the uniform and increasing abundance of all _things , to secure their universal distribution , and to render the enjoyment of them easily accessible to all . " If we analyse the word " cheap , " wo shall find it to mean , ' in reality , robbery . Tho parties _disposing o f commodifies " cheap ; " implies that thc working men who may have been employed in the production of these commodities , have not received their legitimate wages—hundreds of instances might he cited in proof of this , one will suffice for tlio present . The agents employed to sell tho Bibles for the British and Foreign Bible Society , are enabled to sell them " cheap , " take a glance behind the scenes , ascertain the amount of wages paid to the various

      parties employed in the production of theso Bibles , and the curse of this cheapness will be discovered by the fact , that the females are compelled to havo recourse to the streets in order to provide themselves with an adequate supply of the necessaries of life . Cheapness is robbery committed by the rich and powerful upon the poor and defenceless . The idea whioh the word " cheap" conveys to the mind is horrifying in the extreme ; wretchedness , misery , and filthiness , occasioned by the producers of cheap commodities being compelled by a person they cannot control , to crowd into the back streets and alleys of our largo cities—the sexes mingling indiscriminately , and in largo numbers , in small , illventilatad rooms , generating noxious and poisonous

      gases , which aro the prominent causes of fever in all its forms ; and cholera—that scourge of the human family—visiting us from town to town , becoming more intense in its effects each visit . The political economists may prosecute their labours in the way they have done for some time , and they will find such a scene of misery and wretchedness produced in this country , as tho world never witnessed . Each commodity produced by a working man has an intrinsic value ; and if sold or exchanged for its intrinsic value in another commodity , it can neither be said to be " cheap" or " dear ; " but when thc laws , instituted by the plunderers of humanity , compel the producer to sell his commodity for less than its intrinsic value , then

      tho producer is robbed or cheated out of one portion of tlie fruits of his industry . Cheapness is robbery —valueis concentrated labour—a commodity al ways requiring the same amount of labour ought always to be ofthe same value—no legitimate reduction in value can take place unless it be preceded by a corresponding reduction in the amount of labour by the introduction .. of machinery ,- - or some other principle calculated to diminish its amount . . A _^ om . _jnqdity . when sold for its intrinsic value , supposesits production'in" ast ' ate of society " where the producer has neither rents , taxes , or usury to pay . Seeing then that this state of society has not an existence in this country , it follows that any taxes in the shapo of rents , usury , governmental or

      social , which the producer has to pay , he ought in justice to have the power to charge sueh payments to tlie price of his commodities—il he has not this power , then his condition will deteriorate in proportion as taxation increases . Let it be borne in mind that governmental taxation which is enormous , yet in comparison to tho taxation which accumulated property inflicts , it sinks into insignificance . Private landlords have a power of levying taxation on society . A gambling speculator , by a lucky throw , realises two thousand pounds ; this may not have cost him two hours labour , yet he is enabled to levy a tax on society of eighty or ono hundred pounds a year , which he can perpetuate and transmit from generation to generation . " Cheapness "

      may be agreeable to this class of men , inasmuch as the purchasing power of their income is increased thereby . This power is illigitimate—it is a power resulting from an act of Parliament , in direct opposition to Free Trade principles . Proof ; gold is a commodity , its price is fixed by Sir Ilobcrt Peel at £ o 17 s . 10 _Jd . per ounce . It is our standard of value . A standard should have the quality of _unchangGtibloness . Though Sh- llobevt has ' endeavoured to give it this quality he has failed—its pi-ice advances on the Continent or in America . Away our gold goes , diminishing its quantity , a diminished quantity cannot allow tho same price for commodities , down they fall , to correspond with the quantity of money left in thc country . It is therefore evident that we have no standard of value at all in this country , ; and until we have , as unchangeable in its character as our yard of thirty-sis inches , pound

      of Sixteen ounces , & c , Ac , we may continue our political agitations _continueusly , without ever having the satisfaction of seeing an improvement in the physical condition of the great bulk of tbo people , Let Mr . Heyworth and his class of political economists , reflect on the steps thoy are taking . They are moving heaven and earth to increase Uie quantity of produce , while they never see to it that the distributive principle is allowed to increase in a corresponding ratio . Thc result IS , that tllC price of produce , however the quantity may be augmented , must fall down to the quantity of money in thc country . The doom of our farmers , shipbuilders , and other branches of business affected by the frco trade principle , is fixed ; ruin irretrievable —ruin is their fate ; while the bullionist is at the same time augmenting his wealth . Yours truly , Halifax . Joux Cuuas , Jun .

      Dreadful Miia Accident Asd Loss Or Life ...

      Dreadful Miia Accident asd Loss or Life at Pkeston . —On Thursday ; _vn accident _oecim-utl ut tho extensive _manufactory of Messrs . Swainson , _IUvley , and Co ., cotton spinners , Fisliwick ( in tlie suburbs of Preston ) , by which ono man was killed on the spot , and another so dreadfully mutilated that he is not expected to recover . It appears that on Wednesday morning , Mr . Oddy , the manager of the mill , fancied ho perceived an escape of gas , and gave orders for an examination of the pipes . On Thursday morning a labourer , named Lawson , proceeded to search for tho leakage ; it being dark , he procured a lamp , when the gas from the main pipe immediately ignited at the mouth of thc sewer . The consequence was , that the whole of the lights in the

      north-east portion of the mill wcre extinguished , upon which the weavers instantly threw their looms out of gear . Thc engine being thus relieved of a great proportion of its weight , became ungovernable , and ran wild , acquiring such a velocity from the impetus which was thus given to it , that the fly-wheel was splintered to pieces _, one of the columns of tbe large engine was broken off and the fragments scattered in various ilirections —some to one end and some to the other end of the engine , which is eighty feet long . A partition wall , two feet thick , dividing the engine room , was levelled with the ground by the force of thc shock , and part ofthe floor in tho beam chamber in the large engine house was displaced . John Cooke , engine

      tenter , was dreadfully injured whilst endeavouring , as was supposed , to stop his engine : his right arm was torn off near to the shoulder joint , lie was struck by a fragment of the fly wheel , and fell a depth often feet through a hole which had been made in the floor . The stop valve and chest ofthe engine , which was of forty horse power , having been broken oft , caused it to stop . Shortly after tho accident , H . Kirkham , manager in the throstle room , was found lying behind the door ot the south entrance to the engine house . He was quite dead , having been struck on tho head by a fragment of the wheel , and his legs also being bro ' ken . Tho engine sustained comparatively little damage . The windows nt each end of the engine houso were shattered to pieces ,

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 24, 1849, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_24111849/page/1/