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Northern Star (1837-1852), 21st March 1846, Edition 4 of 4, Page 8, ine Printed by DOLGAL M'GOWAN, of IB, Great WiiiiluMII-

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    • C&aitist BtfeUtgenre.
    • WEST RIDING OF Y0RKS1I1P VE.
    • ine Printed by DOLGAL M'GOWAN, of IB, Great WiiiiluMII-
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      Pacific, Yet 11. Cmld Nut Be Denied That...

      Lord G . Bexiixck-observed , tbat ft _wrald be _impossible to conclude the debate « n the timber _dudes within six boors . Ue therefore suggested the propriety of takiug the debate on The timber duties un Thursday . The debate on the second reading of the Corn Law Bill would then c « _mie on upon Friday , and he believed it might teiminaie on Friday _. veek " . ' Sir R . Pkel believed it generally happened , when predictions were uttered as to the length ef a debate , that they bad a tendency to realise themselves There was a very confident prediction that the debate on the second reading ofthe Com Bill would end on Friday week . The question , therefore , was , wliethcr thc house nreferred a . % \ x nights' or a four nights '

      debate . ( Cheers and laughter . ) He _tsrxs inclined to prefer a four nights' tea sk nights' debate . ( Continued laughter !) He rather thought the _best plan would be not to interfere with the important discussion on railways fixed for Thur sday , but to take the debate on the timber duties on Friday , lie would then move the second reading of the Corn importation Bill on Monday , with the general uimerstandinjj that the speeches should be so s _J _^* _"" * _* to allow the debate to be _concluded on Friday next week . ( " llear , hear , " from Lord G . Bentinck . ) The other orders were then disposed ot . ana tue house adjourned at a quarter to twelve o clock . HOUSE OF _COMMOJiS , _Wedkesdat , _Maiich IS . The house met at twelve o ' clock .

      FEVER ( IRELAND ) BILL . On the order of the day for the house going into committee on the Fever ( Ireland ) Bill being read , Air . P . _Scbopb rose to move , pursuant to liis notice , an instruction to the said committee , " That the guardians ofthe several Poor-law Unions in Ireland be required to relieve with food all such destitute persons within tlieir unions as may be in danger o perishing from want , or from disease , the consequence of want . " He called the atteutura of _goverumeut tu the present state of the Poor-law in Ireland , with the -view to its adaptation to the pressing exigencies of the Irish peasantry . However much it was to be hoped that the measures which had been devised for the relief of this distress would be sufficient , still

      there were various circumstances now occurring in the sister kingdom justly calculated to excite very gnat alarm . The extensive exportation of , Irish grain to this country could not be carried on without detriment to the population from whose resources it ¦ was withdrawn . Another dreadful incident was the wholesale system of evicting tenantry from their tourings , now prevailing in Ireland . The relief afforded by the Hnion workhouses was altogether inadequate for this wide-spread distress . It was requisite _, therefore , that government should promote the employment of the able-bodied poor by some such undertaking as the recovery ofthe waste lands in Ireland .

      Mr . S . Crawford seconded the motion . He insisted that , though some of the Irish landowners might voluntarily discharge their duty towards the peasantry , yet a compulsory measure of poor-law relief was needed to render that assistance general . Sir J . Ghahasi explained that the object ofthe Bill before the house was merely of a temporary nature , it being only intended to afford relief from the fever at present raging in Ireland . The proposition submitted by Mr . Scrope could not be entertained without opeuing up the entire question of Poor Law relief in tbat couutry : it ought , therefore , either to be reserved until Lord J . Ilussel' s motion on the State of Ireland came before the house , or else to have been framed into a _substantive measure . It was a

      mistake to suppose that tbe law at present enforced no relief for the poor in Ireland . It was considered , however , that the existing law was unequal to the present emergency , aud hence the measure before the house bad been introduced by government . He then recapitulated the different provisions of the Bill . A legislative restraint upon the exportation of Irish grain had been recommended . Such a proposal , however , could not be adopted , without increasing rather thau diminishing the distress sought to be relieved . Parliament had already voted nearly half a million sterling to promote employment in Ireland . JJevertheless , government were disposed to listen to any proposition which might be offered respecting the recovery of waste lands or any similar project . It bad been , however , considered by government most important to adapt the measures thsy had recommended to the peculiarities of the Irish law , as well as with an especial reference tothe feeling ofthe

      Irish people . For these reasons they had thought it unwise to adopt , as the foundation of their mea _snres the tests that had been incorporated in the English Poor Law from the period of its first establishment , in the reign of Queen Elizabeth . It -would be unwise to pass a measure of the kind suggested by-Mr . S . Crawford , as the inevitable effect of such an enactment would be the introduction ofa torrent of pauperism , which would be dangerous to the owners of property , as well as most prcjudical to ihe interests of all classes of the Irish community . It was better to provide for a temporary emergency , such as that now at hand , by measures such as those which had beeu submitted by government to that bouse . These measures , he emphatically declared , were given not at all in the way of dole , but iu accordance with the demands of right and justice , and Only as a fair equivalent for the contributions paid by the _irisk people into tbe national exchequer .

      Mr . W . Surra 0 _Baius considered that , as thc present measure would override many provisions of the existing Poor Law in la-land , specified complaints of thc mal-admiuistration of that law ought to have been preferred to Parliament with a view to justify tlie passing of the proposed enactment . lie objected also to the extended means of local taxation , as well as to the increased power which would be conferred upon the Irish executive by this bilk The _commwcial projects ef government , there was reason to believe , would materially benefit Ireland by _augmenting the value of her exporte . Gorernment might effect still more for the relief of the Irish people by raising a tax upon absentee landlords , aud by the _advance of loans for the furtherance of railway Scheme ! : , now _standing still fur waut of capital .

      Air . Waklky nisi-ted upon the superior utility of a Poor Law in Ireland to compel the Irish lanalords to fulfil their natural obligations by affording relief to their starving fellow-countrymen . The present state of the Jaw was a robbery ou the English labourer . -Many thousands of Irish labourers ( and he < lid not blame them , he wished they would all come ) came iuto this couutry at the commencement of the . harvest and obtained work . They remained about two months , and then returned to Ireland with the proceeds of their industry in their pockets . Was it lair , that just when the English labourer hoped that liis wages would be raised by an _increased demand lor labour , and that the time _hid arrived when he might hope to lay by something for the winter

      thousands of men from a foreign country —( _laughter , and * ' hear , hear , " from the Irish members ) . —yes , tbe _labourers were foreigners to them , and thousands of tliem came and heat down his wa » es by increased competition , and so frustrated all his hopes . Sir J . Graham had proposed a fever bill , which he said was uf _veiy limited operation , but it was too evident that the evil was of a most _extensive and lamentable character , lie ( Mr . Wakley ) knew it would be _alleged that the workhouses in Ireland were not full ; ani no wonder , the poor might as well starve out of the houses as in them . ( Cries of "Oil , oh ! " and * ' hear , hear . " ) lie ciuld not understand the Irish character , for lie found the Irish gentlemen whom he had met to he a ht'spiuibic and hilarious set of men ;

      but what was tlie workhouse dietary of their poor _fehW-wiiiiitryinen ? The highest cost of maintaining an Irish pauper _ln .-t workhouse was 2- -, per week ; and in many of the returns the cost of food , clothing , and ueccssaries , was stated to amount to Is . -Id ., Is . 5 d ., Is . Sd ., and 1 * . 5 ) d . per bend per week-( Hear , hear . ) In one case lie observed the clothes were stated to cost one penny per week . ( Uear , hear . ) Could auy person wonder , then , that the poor were not in the workhouses if they could keep out ? ( Uear , hear . ) Fur what condition must a mau he in who would go tu one of those _1-iaces _, where his provisions , clothes , Arc , would cost upon an average Out ls . _Dd . a wc _^ _-k '{ ( llear , hear . ) After referring to a pamphlet published by Dr .

      _Cora-igan , to shew th . ivdbc . -ise and death would be as extensive as it was in 1817 , _unie .-s immediate _jiieven--tive measures were adopted , and quoting the Statistics of the epidemic at that period , Mr . Wakley said : —It was stated , but it was a libel to state , that the Irish people wero in a state of destitution , ! , because they were idle aud lazy . A greater falsehood with regard to any people or nation was never uttered . ( Hear , hear . ) A fouler calumny was never circulated against any _^ community . ( Hear , hear . ) What did they witness in London ? It was a fact worthy of notice . It was well _kum-n that the severest labour performed in London was that performed by the bricklayers' _labuurers ; it was iu his ( Mr . Wakley ' s ) opinion thesevere t lab mr performed

      in England . By whom was that labour performed ? By Irishmen almost to a man . ( licar . ) iiebelieved there were 20 , 000 bricklayers' Jab-iurer * iu London and its suburbs , and there were not probably 100 Englishmen amongst the 20 , 000 . What were their wages ? Eighteen _Bbiatugs a week ! Well , within twenty miles of London , the wages of the agricultural labourer—in Buckinghamshire , lor instancedid not exceed 9 s . or 10 s . a week ; but so terrific was the labour performed by the bricklayers' labourers _, that the English labourer , who earned but Os . or Ite . a week did not come and seek for the work at which he could earn double the money . They shrunk from the work , which was cheerfully

      undertaken by the Irish labourer , and which , in _. 'fact , the English labourer was incapable of performing ( Hear , hear . ) That showed bim that no man was more willing to work than thc Irishman , if he had the opportunity , and what he ( Mr . _Wakley ) dcsired w ; ls that he _sh-mid have thc opportunity . It was now acknowledged that millions of the Irish people _BubA-ted on potatoes , that a loaf of bread never entered the poor man ' s door ; and was it just or fair that while civilisation was _advauctng around them , that whilst other classes progressed in comfort and in-wealth , that whilst new luxuries were being added every day to tbe lists of the enjoyments ofthe wealthy , the poof of Ireland should be found ill ns bad a condition as they were 100 years ago ? it was a disgrace .

      Pacific, Yet 11. Cmld Nut Be Denied That...

      not to the present , but to aU governments in tins country , and it was a disgrace to the Imperial _t _* arlitttient that measures sliould not have been taken to remedy this state ol things . ( Hear hear . ) Ilis opinion wan , that tho _advantageici : tta ¦ g _^ _R' _* over the Irish poor wa * owing to the statute of he _JSdofEliiibetb , and that if the Irish poor had the benefit ofthat act they would bo in asgood , and even in a _betu-rcondition than the poor ot England . Until thev had such a law the social , or physical condition of the labouring classes would not be improved . Afr . Shaw averred that the Irish landowners were not indisposed to adopt a good poor-law ; though he did not coincide with Mr . Wakley as to the precise character of such an enactment .

      Mr . Fekkcii thought that all the measures proposed by the government for the relief of Ireland were peculiarly infelicitous . There were no documents which justified the unconstitutional power given to the Lord Lieutenant by the bill under consideration ; and on the grnund of the patronage which it would confer the bill was highly objectionable . If fever hospitals were required , it might safely be left to the landlords of Ireland to provide them . Capt . OsBORXBstid , the foundation of all measures for the relief of the Irish poor should be employment . In that country tke capital of labour had hitherto

      been neglected . ( Hear , hear . ) This was disgraceful to every government which had existed ; it amounted , in fact , to an abrogation of the functions of government . ( Hear , hear . ) It had been proposed to tax the mortgagee for the benefit of Ireland ; but a more mischievous doctrine could not be advanced . As regarded Irish landlords he thought the attacks so frequently made upon them were unmerited : they were as good as , if not better , than English landlords . The landkrda whose tenants were most comfortable , whose estates were best managed , whose rents were most punctually paid , were the absentee landlords of Ireland , the Duke of Devonshire , Lord Stanley , Earl Fitzwilliara , aud others .

      Mr . M . Milsks referred to the heavy incumbrances npon Irish property as a bar to the adoption of any extensive improvements in that country . Colonel Rawdos had felt extreme gratification in hearing from the lips ofthe right hon . baronet the Home Secretary , au avowal which he trusted would henceforward be acted upon by him , and one which was almost made in the precise terms used so often ou his owu side , namely , thatthe time was come when the government must make up its miud to legislate upou Irish subjects with Irish feelings . ( Hear , hear ) lie hoped and he believed that the expression of such a sentiment on the part of the govern ment constituted a new era for Ireland . ( llear . ) Sir W . Somerville ,, Lord Ebrington , Mr . Fitzgerald , Mr . J . O'Connell , and Mr . Butler having expressed their opinions on the measure , Mr . F . Scrofk withdrew his amendment .

      The various clauses were then agreed to , and the third reading ofthe bill fixed for to-morrow . The other orders having bsen disposed of , the house adjourned at a quarter to six o ' clock .

      HOUSE OF _LOROS-TuuusmiY , March 19 . Lord Brougham asked Lord Claacarty , if a witness under examination before the committee on the Irish Poor Law had refused to produce certain papers , and that be had been fortified iu his refusal by the Poor Law Commissioners themselves ? This question having been answered in the affirmative by Lord Clancarty , Lord Bkoogiuu vehemently inveighed against this breach of privilege , and ended by denouncing the commissioners for being influenced in their proceedings by a fear of the press , The Metropolitan Buildings Bill was read a second time , and the house adjourned at a quarter to seven . IIOUSE OF COMMONS—Thursday , March 19 . FEVER ( IRELAND ) BILL . Public business was commenced by

      Sir J . Graham moving thatthe report on tbe Fever Bill be brought up . After a short conversation , the report was agreed to , and the bill , at a later hour of the night , was read a third time and passed . On the motion of Mr . Elphisstosk , leave was given to bring in a bill to limit the duration ef polls in counties at contested elections of members to serve iu Parliament to one day .

      RAILWAYS . Mr . Morhisox moved for a select committee to inquire whether , without discouraging legitimate enterprise , conditions might not be embodied in Railway Acts better fitted than those hitherto inserted in them to promote and secure the interests of the public . The experience of the last few years had proved that the railroads had caused a development of traffic beyond all calculation ; thatcheap fares wer _« the most profitable for the railway companies , and tbat low fares produced such ample dividends , that tbe companies were not injured but benefitted by them , lie , therefore , intended to propose that the committee should be directed to inquire whether the rate of fares ought not to undergo revision every

      twenty years . He also wished to bring uuder the notice of his committee the propriety of granting terminable leases instead of leases in perpetuity . This was a matter which concerned the house and the country rather than the railway _companiei , provision always being made for tho creation of a sinking fund to repay them , at the expiration of their lease , the capital which they had expended . As their leasts were daily becoming more valuable , it was the duty of the house to prevent them from becoming perpetual monopolies . Arguing from tbe example ot Belgium and France , where the fares were much lower than in England , he thought that , if these leases were granted for forty years , the railway companies would uot object to such an

      arrangement . Mr . Mangles considered that this motion had a much wider scope than that which appeared on the face of it , for he thought its object was to reconsider the principle on which our public works had been hitherto conducted . That principle had hitherto been . to give free scope to the application of private capital to public works ; but the principle advocated by Air . Morrison was to place that capital under the restriction of government . He called upon the house to look at the results of the two principles as exemplified in practice in England and France respe . lively . We had constructed 3051 miles of railroads , and France had not constructed more than 370 . Mr . Parker took up the monetary view of the question , and recommended a _restriction in the number of Railway Bills to be _passed this session .

      Mr . Hudson had not intended to have taken any share in the present debate , as he understood that the motion was to be granted by government . If he could have conviuccd himself that he should have any prospect of success , he would have moved a direct negative on the appointment of this committee , because he believed that the house was in possession of lull information for _legislation on this important question without it . He denied that low fares would ever produce ample dividends , especially where large capital was sunk in the construction of public works . Mr . _Laboccheue did not b _. _-licve that on the whole the profits of those who had engaged in these magnificent undertakings had been enormous , nor did he grudge them those well earned gains which they had acquired by their intelligence and enterprise .

      But there were circumstances in the present state of the expenditure on railroads which did require immediate attention . There was something besides the employment of capital which ought now to be considered by the government and the public . We were fast approaching a state of things in which the whole international communication of this great country would be in tho hands of four or five great companies . That consideration took this subject out oft he ordinary course of commercial policy . Some e ntrol ought to be devised to prevent this power from being lodged by a few amalgamation bills in the hands of a few private individuals . lie should support tlie motion for a committee , and he hoped that the government would give Mr . Morrison every assistance in leading its deliberations to a safe and satisfactory conclusion .

      Sir Geo . Clerk said , that to Mr . Morrison's committee he would give every assistance in his power . In so doing , he did not wish to throw discredit on the enterprising individuals who had established railroads ; but there were many suggestions iu Air . Morrison's speech deserving of inquiry , and < _Avevy facility would be afforded to him for prosecuting it by her Majesty ' s government . ' After speeches from Mr . Ilayter , Lord Ebrington , Mr . Entwisle , Mr . Hume , Mr .. P . M . Stewart , Lord Worsley , and Sir G . Grey , Sir It . Peel inferred , that the course whieh Mr . Morrison would take in the proposed committee , of which doubtless he would be chairman , would be in eonformiiy with the very able jmrophiet which he

      had written . He appeared to labour under the impression that there had hitherto been great errors in our railroad legislation , and to propose for inquiry two questions—1 . Whether it would not be desirable to establish some tariff of prices , to which all railroads , seeking the intervention of Parliament , should be compelled to conform ; and 2 . Whether it would not be advisable to adopt the French svstem , and to give the different companies only a temporary interest in the railroads . To illustrate these sulgicts , Air . . Morrison would probably place before the committee a quantity of information respecting foreign railroads . It would take some time to collect that evidence ; but what , in the meanwhile , was to be done with the railroad bills now in progress ? He recommeuded the committea io

      attend to that subject in the first instance . He was of opinion thatit errors of legislation had been committed with respect to railroads in past years , Parliament had a right to correct them now , and to apply uew principles to new companies whieh came before it , and , even in case of old companies wliich came to demand extensive additional privileges , to apply principles of cornction as preliminary conditions to granting them . The question then arose whether Parliament _wouldsuspend legislation for tbe present session , or would insert in all future railway bills a clause rendering the companies liable to any general bill whicli Parliament might hereafter pass i lie thought that it would be found difficult , in _Hliinr Cites , to apply this _reservation in years to CtllUl " , though there might he no difficulty iu passing it now

      Pacific, Yet 11. Cmld Nut Be Denied That...

      At any rate , some early report should be made by this committee on the subject of legislation . He gave his ready assent to this committee . Its inquiries must be useful for railway profits and railway monopolies , and railway interference with' aU kinds of property baffled all calculations wliich . were made two years ago . Lord J . Russell considered that some delay had occurred in the railway legislation of the present session in consequence of the statement made by Sir R . Peel at the commencement ofthe present session . It would have been much better had _thess matters been taken into consideration by the government at the opening of the session than by a , committee now . The CHAscELLOBof the _ExcnBQMJn highly _approted of the proposed committee , and would be happy to give his attendance at it .

      Mr . Baring , Mr . llorsman , and Mr . Wawn , successively addressed the house , after which Mr . Morrison replied . The motion was then agreed to , and th e other orders of thc day having been disposed of , thc house adjourned at half-past eleven o ' clock .... HOUSE OF LORDS-Friday , MAium 20 . The house sat for about an hour , and forwarded several bills a stage , but nothing of public interest transpired during the sitting , if we except the fact that Lord Stanley , on presenting some petitions against the government measures , showed an unabated hostility to them , and that the Duke of Richmond gave an intimation of discussions in the Lords as long and as tiresome as those in the Commons . HOUSE OF COMMONS-Fiudat , March 20 ..

      OREGON . On the motion for reading the order of the day , Mr . _Bortuwick rose to put the question of which he had given notice , " whether it is the intention of her Majesty ' s government to present to this house copies or extracts of any correspondence which may have passed between the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and her Majesty ' s Minister at Washington in relation to the Oregon territory ?" Sir it . Peel said that tbe Queen ' s speech , and the expressions used respecting it by Lord J . Russell and the public men on both sides ofthe house , had not been misconstrued in the United States , lie thought

      that no public advantage would be obtained by laying on the table the communications which had passed between her Majesty ' s government and our Minister at Washington . The negotiations had not yet-been brought to a conclusion , and it was not usual to place papers connected with them on thc table of the house before they were closed . He would produce those which had been published in the United States , but none others . The order of the day was read for the reception of the report on the Customs' Act ; and the clerk having read the resolutions respecting the importation of timber ,

      The Marquis of Worcester moved that they be erased . The question having been put , a long pause occurred , during which no member rose . Silence was at length broken by Mr . II . _Hisdb , who expressed his astonishment that no member on the Treasury benches had risen to explain the reasons which bad induced thera to propose this great and startling change in the timber duties . A long and dreary debate ensued , in which the case of the shipowners was advocated by Messrs . Chapman , Harris , Palmer , Borthwick , Henley , aud Lord G . Bentinck . The speakers on the government side were Mr . Cardwell , Mr . Hume , Sir G . Clerk , and Mr . C . Buller . On tho division the numbers

      were—For thc resolution ... 232 Against it ••¦ 100 Majority for thc resolution ... —123 The result was received with cheers .

      TURNPIKE ROADS ( SCOTLAND ) BILL . Mr . F . Maule moved the second reading of this bill to prevent the sale uf spirituous liquors at tollhou se _^ . ¦ ,. Mr . Fokdbs objected to proceeding with such a measure at that time of the night . A division took place , and the numbers were—For the second reading ... ... 45 Against it 13 Majority —32 The other orders were then disposed of , and the house adjourned at one o ' clock . .

      8 The Northern Star. March 21, 1846

      8 THE NORTHERN STAR . March 21 , 1846

      C&Aitist Btfeutgenre.

      C & aitist _BtfeUtgenre _.

      Oldham. On Sunday Last Mr. D. Donovan De...

      OLDHAM . On Sunday last Mr . D . Donovan delivered a very energetic address on the political aspect of Europe and America , in thc school roem of the VTorkiug Man's Hall . He was listened to with great attention . At the chse a vote of thanks was unanimously passed for the able manner in which he had handled the subject . LONDON . THE EXECUTIVE OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION TO THE CHARTIST BODY . Fhie . nds , —The cause of liberty in eastern Europe has again arrived at a momentous crisis ; Poland , tyranny-execrating , liberty-adoring Poland , is once more in arms , resolved to exterminate the murderous despotUm by which she is tormented ' . This is cheering intelligence ; it will send a thrill of joy through tbe heart of every patriot in the world ; it will fill the mind of every democrat with glad expectancy that the . empires of despots are . about to receive a shock ; and that the bravery of Poland , after many years of excruciating misrule , is on the eve of being rewarded with that inestimable blessing which is the basis of all others—Liberty .

      Poland is in arms I to extirpate the power of the three stupendous despotisms under which she writhe' * . Brave , _unsubduable land ' . The odds against her are fearfuJ , but the victory is not always to the strong . That the wisdom of her councils and the valour ol her deeds may secure her speedy triumph , should be the aspiration of every soul tliat yearns for the elevation of the human race . That her heroic conduct may become a bright exemplar to all nations , and the fate of her foes a terror to all tyrants , should be the fervent orison of every patriot throughout the globe .

      Let the cold moralist , who , when all things are in a state of quietude around him , deprecates the employment of physical force under any circumstances , contemplate the state of Poland forthe last fifteen years , and say whether he is not amazed that human nature could remain 60 long passive under bo many aggravated provocations to resistance ? Behold female honour sacrificed 'to the concupiscent brutality of armed slaves ; see the dungeons filled with those whose rirtue rendered them obnoxious to tyranny ; the

      friends of freedom writhing under the tortures of the murderous knout ; the bolde . t and bravest , with myriads of little children , forced to pine away life in the dreary regions of Siberia ; a religion proscribed ; the national language forbidden ; and the expression of opinion interdicted ! We say , let the moral philosopher contemplate Poland thus circumstanced , and hard must be his heart , and icy his soul , if heapplaud not this development of liar spirit _olV _vemtancc , or hope not her speedy triumph over her brutal and _ruthlesg foes .

      Friends , the success of the Polish struggle must redound to the weal of the _democrats movement , not only in our own country , but throughout the civilised world . The achievement of liberty by Poland would act like an electric shock upon the torpid nations of king-cursed Europe . It would afford a h-sson to mankind replete with invaluablo instruction , the moral of which would be , " Go and do likewise . " It would arouse thc world from its criminal lethargy , for there is a national as well as an individual spirit of emulation , which is stimulated to activity by brilliant national triumphs . . Every nation from democratic America , down to our poor Starved , insulted , and degraded neighbour Ireland , is deeply interested in the issue of the Polish movement . Wc have beheld with pleasure that in France and Germany the current of public feeling flows favourably . They have evinced their sympathy for Polish patriotism—their antipathy to the arrogant

      assumptions of the spirit of despotism : The democrats of Paris have already attested the sincerity of their , devotion by liberally subscribing in aid of the Polish cause . The Parisian press asks , what is England doing ? We ' ask , wliat will you do ? Eternal infamy would be our deserts if we longer remain passive spectators of this glorious struggle . Our object in this short address is to arouse you to vigorous action ; we appeal with confidence to the pure spirit of democracy to sustain England ' s high character as the foe of the _oppressor and the friend ot the oppressed . Poland , in her present perilous position , having three of the strongest military governments in Europe arrayed against her , supplicates your aid —your sympathy . Shall she call in vain ? Heaven forbid . ' France and Germany arc before us , America only awaits intelligence of tho movement , to pour out her enthusiastic aspirations in favour of Polish nationality ,

      Up , then ! ye brave , ye noble-minded Chartists!—ye who in your own country always take the lead in every ennobling movement ; up ! we _say _. to the aid of Poland . We know tLat the misrule of your own system of government makes poverty your lot . Nevertheless the poorest among ' 18 can give something , and where is the Chartist that will refuse his mite for so holy a purpose as to free , the limbs of our Polish brethren from the galling manacles of ruthless despotism ? Friends , we entreat you , tor the honour of British democracy , by your lorn of liberty , by your horror of slavery , at once to commence this

      ennobling work . Hold your meetings ; collect your mites , and forward them immediately to the Northern Star . Convince the world of your ability to appreciate a noble cause . Let tbe hearty cheer of your sympathy go forth to tlie Polish patriots to inspire their hearts and nerve their arms to deeds of glory in defence of tlieir country . _Fsakoos O'Cosxon . _Omiis-torueii Dovui . Thomas _Claiik . l ' liiLir _M'Giiatii . Thomas Mauiis Wheeler , Secretary .

      Oldham. On Sunday Last Mr. D. Donovan De...

      THE EXILES' RESTORATION COMMITTEE

      TO THE TWO MILLIONS OF _PERSONS WHO PETITIONED FOR THE LIBERATION OF FROST , WILLIAMS , AND JONHS . FniB « D 8 _,--Altnough you have failed in your noble endeavour to simp the chains of the captive patriots , and to solace with thoir presence the hearts ot their bereaved families , you have nobly done your duty . That thc royal clemency has not been awarded to them , is not your fault . What could be done legally and constitutionally has been done , but wemust not relax , we must do it again and again , until Buccess crown our efforts . We congratulate you upon the support which your champion , Mr . Duncombe , received in the liouse when p leading the cause ofthe exiles . You will remember that three years since , when he submitted a similar motion to the consideration of the Commons , that only four members _suppovtol it , whereas on this occasion it received the

      votes of _thirty-three . This is an improvement in our position , which is some compensation tor the toil , trouble , and expense of the late movement . Judging from the tenor of the important debate whicli took place upon Mr . Dimcombe _' s motion , we consider the case of the patriots-more hopeful than ever . In the course of it , Sir J . Graham said , " that the royal mercy was unlimited , but that under present circumstances he could not , consistently with his duty , advise the release of our friends . " He further said , " that he did not hold the doctrine that the royal mercy sliould be for ever closed against them , the remission of their sentence ivas a _qusslion of time and ar « imst « ncel" Such language from a Tory Secretary of State may , we think , be fairly regarded as the precursor ofa more favourable view , on the part of the government , of the easo of Frost , Williams , and Jones . We now beg your attention to the course which strikes us as the most

      advantageous to pursue . The next battle on behalf ot oui friends must be fought on the electioneering hustings , Many of the liberal members gave our cause their opposition , a circumstatice whicli must not be forgotten for them . Many others , including Mr . O'Connell , who had promised his support , left the Ilouse a few minutes previous to Mr . Dimcombe ' s motion coming under consideration . Thus this gentleman reciprocates the Chartist sympathy evinced for him and his _co-adjutors when in the clutches of power . Friends , we may with confidence predict that a general election is at hand . We , therefore , recommend that every locality forthwith proceed to organise the friends of Frost , Williams , and Jones , possessing the franchise , so that on the occurrence of a general

      election , they may be prepared to wait upon the candidates , and p ledge them to vote for the return of these much injured men ; and we also call upon those who are qualified to vote throughout the different boroughs ofthe United Kingdom ( but who have not as yet availed themselves of the right ) to proceed immediately , and get their names enrolled on the rate boeks , as such a step is absolutely necessary to ensure them votes at the election . There is no difficulty in this proceeding , and if there were , we feel assured that your devotion to the cause ol justice and humanity would enable you promptly to surmount it . We call upon London , Bristol , Birmingham , Leeds , Manchester , and Glasgow , to set an example worthy of imitation to the smaller localities . . Depend upon it , that a requisition signed by four or five hundred bona fide electors presented to a candidate , wishing him to vote . for the return of our

      friends , would exercise a salutary influence upon his mind . We pledge ourselves to do our portion of the work effectually , in London , and trust to find the friends of humanity in the provinces equally on the alert . With this work we recommend that the interim from this to the assembling of the Conference be filled up . That body will meet in the course of a few weeks , when it will doubtless take such other steps as the then existing circumstances shall warrant for the attainment of our holy purpose . Our term ' of office will have then expired ; in the meantime we are resolved , by the most strenuous exertion in behalf of our expatriated brethren , to promote the laudable object we have in view . Hoping that the recommendations herein given will be acted upon with promptitude , energy , and zeal , I remain , yours most respectfully , on behalf of the committee , Thomas Martin _Whebikr _, Secretary .

      NOMINATIONS FOR THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE . Burnley : C . Doyle . P . M'Grath , T . Clark , F , O'Connor , and T . M . Wheeler . Stockport : C . Doyle , P . M'Grath , T . Clark , F . O'Connor , W . Bell , J . West , and R . Marsden . Bradford : C . Doyle , P . M'Grath , T . Clark , F . O'Connor , and T . M . Wheeler . The following places nominated C . Doyle , P . M'Grath , T . Clark , P . O'Connor , and T . M . Wheeler : —Preston ( O'Connor ' s Brigade ) , Norwich ,

      _Carlisle Macclesfield , Sunderland , Bradford ( O'Connor ' s Brigade ) , Brighton , Preston , Sheffield , Rochdale , Leicester , and Northampton . Marylebone : C . Doyle , P . M'Grath , T . Clarh , F . O'Connor , and T . Cooper . Hammersmith : C . Doyle , T . Cooper , J . West , and S . Stallwood . Oldham : C . Doyle , P . M'Grath , T . Tattersall , F . O'Connor , and T . M , Wheeler . Alexandria : Feargus O'Connor , Christopher Doyle , Thomas Clark , Philip M'Grath , and Thomas M . Wheeler .

      The above is the list of nominations received up to this time , and in accordance with the rules , it now becomes the duty of the members to select from the persons nominated five to act for the ensuing year . The election must take place between the 29 th of March and the 8 th of April , after whicli date no returns can be received . Thomas Martin Wheeler . Secretary .

      BALANCE SHEET OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION , FROM MAY C , IS _45 , TO MARCH 10 , 1840 . RECEIPTS . £ s . d . Cash in hand , May 0 25 11 0 _J From May C to March 20 187 15 64 Collected at two meetings , Hall of Science , Manchester 316 1 Q Collected at a Militia Meeting , South London Hall 19 7

      Total receipts ± ' 218 3 01 EXrKNDITURK . Salary of Mr . DoyJe _, from May 6 to December 4 , 1845 , being thirty-one weeks , at £ 1 per week 31 0 0 Ditto , Mr , Clark , ditto ... 31 0 0 Do ., Mr . M'Grath , twenty-six necks do , 26 0 0 Mr . Wheeler , for bookkeeping , expenses of office , & c ., from May 0 to March 18 , at Is . Cd . per week 3 9 0 Printing 4000 * cards of Association , at

      18 s . per 1000 , 3 13 4 Ditto 1000 * hand books 2 10 0 SlipB for backs of cards 0 5 0 Postage stamps 1 14 « Bouking parcels ... ... .., , „ 0 8 6 _Stationery 12 2 Money orders „ 0 5 3 Meeting at South London Hall , for militia bills , buardmen , bill-sticking , & c . 1 18 0 Westminster Ejection meetings bills , bilk-tickinir , & c 0 17 3 Expense of Manchester Convention and _meetinys at llall of Science . „ , „ 30 o 4

      DEBTS DUE PRIOR TO MAY 6 , 1845 , SINCE _DlSClUltGl'D . To Mr . Stutter for printing 30 IC 0 To Executive for arrears of wages ... 14 0 1 J Arrears of travelling expenses to Clark , M'Grath , and Doyle 1014 5 Total expenditure £ 189 18 104

      Total receipts ... 218 3 01 Total expenditure 189 18 10 _i

      Balance in hand ... ... £ 2 S 4 H * Nearly the whole of the above cards and rules are still on hand . . A balance sheet , containing the details of the above , will be laid batbre the ensuing Convention . Thomas Martin Wheeler , Secretary . Exiles' Restoration Committee . —This committee met at the Parihenium _, St . Martin ' s-lane , on Wednesday evening , March 18 th , Mr . Miller in the chair . The sub-committee brought up their report , embracing an address , whicli was received , and , after stmie trifling emendation , was unanimously adopted . It was also resolved , "That the sub-committee for making arrangements for Tuesday ' s festival be held ou Sunday evening next , March 22 nd , at half-past five , at the Parthenium , 72 , St . Martin ' s-lane .

      Guv . oi * _Lonuon CiiAimsT Locality . —At a meeting of the members , held atthe hall , TlirnagainJane , on Sunday , March 15 ch , the folio wing resolutions were adopted : — "That inasmuch as the taleuts and exertions of the present Chartist Executive Committee , are wholly and justly devoted to the grand object of the Land Society , their salaries being paid exclusively out of the Land Fund , this meeting ia most decidedly of opinion that the progress of Chartism would be considerably accelerated if the affairs _» of the National Churtui * Association were placed under the control of paid officers , who would

      give their sole and undivided attention to the progress ofthe _principlesof the Peoplo ' s Charter , both in and out of Parliament ; and that an executive committee of three persons would be ample for that purpose . We , therefore , hereby recommend our Chartist brethren , throughout the country , to nominate and elect three persuus for that purpose , who shall devote their time to the forwarding the agitation for our political rights . " In conformity with the above , Messrs . rhomas Cooper , of London ; John West , of Macclesfield : and David Ross , of L « eds , were put in nomination . Mr . Thomas Cooper was also nominated a candidate for the ensuing Convention . Hammersmith . —At a meeting held at the Dun Cow , Brook Urccn-lane , on Tuesday evening , March

      Oldham. On Sunday Last Mr. D. Donovan De...

      17 th , Mr . Newell in thc chair , the following resolution was unanimously adopted : — " That tlio members of this locality are of opinion that the labours of the present Executive will honcetortli be required exclusively by the Chartist Co-operative Land Society , and consequently that an Executive Committee of three persons should be appointed to manage nnd direct the affairs of the National Charter Association . " " That , in conformity with the above , we hereby nominate the following three persons to the office of Executive Committee men for the ensuing year : —Thomas Cooper , 134 , Blackfriar ' s-road , London ; Edmund Stallwood , 2 , Little Vale-place , Hammersmith-road , London ; and John West , Macclesfield . " — The thanks of the locality having been

      awarded to Mr . W . S . Hanson , for his exertions in behalf of Frost , Williams , and Jones , the meeting adjourned . _WniTKCHArEL . —At a public meeting , held at the Brass Founders' Arms , on Sunday , March tlie 8 th , the following resolutions were carried unanimously : — " That in the opinion of this meeting , tho sentiments contained in thc two letters of the Right lion . T , B . Macauley on the subject ef the motion , the franchise , and our beloved exiles , Frost , Williams and Jones , arc brutal and inhuman in the extreme , and deserve the reprobation of every christian or right-minded individual in the country ; we therefore , earnestly recommend all Chartists in Edinburgh and elsewhere to do their utmost to reject him at tho next election . "

      Mr . Murrat , of 109 , Travis-street , Manchester , is appointed agent for cards and rules for Lancashire and Yorkshire . Greenwich and DKPrFonD . —A general meeting of the Chartists ofthe above locality took place at the Ordnance . Arms , Lewisham-road , on Tuesday evening , February 17 th , Mr . Morgan in the chair , when it was unanimously resolved— " That the present Executive be nominated for the ensuing year . " A vote of thanks was unanimously given to'f . S . Duncombe , M . P ., and the minority who voted for the restoration of she Chartist exiles . Somers Town . —A public meeting was held on Sunday evening last at the Bricklayers' Arms ,

      Tonbridge-street , New-road , Mr . Humphries was called tothe chair . On the motion of Mr . Thomas Lawrie , seconded by Mr . John Arnott , it was unanimously agreed— " That the best thanks of this meeting are due , and are hereby presented to the nobleminded patriot , T . S . Duncombe , M . P . ; his worthy colleague , Thos . Wakley , Esq . ; the thirty-one members ; Mr . Ingram , of Abergavenny ; and all others who have sympathised with or exerted themselves in behalf of Frost , Williams ; and Jones . " It was also agreed that the nomination ot the Executive for tue ensuing year be deferred till after thc publication ofthe balance sheet .

      Thomas Cooper , the Chartist Pobt—On Wedne _* . day evening a meeting took place at the Dispatch Coffee-house , Bride-lane , Fleet-street , forthe purpose of considering the propriety of celebrating the first anniversary ofthe liberation of Mr . T . Cooper ( the Chartist and poet ) , from Stafford Gaol . Mr . Floyd , of Deptford , in the chair , and Mr . Shaw acted as secretary , who read letters from the following gentlemen , who , for , the most part regretted tlieir inability to be present , but all concurred in the views ofthe projectors of the meeting , and also promised their co-pevation and support : —Mr . Gathard , Mr . Harney , Mr . Clark , on behalf of Messrs . Wheeler , M'Grath , Doyle , and O'Connor ; Mr . Mecson _, Air . Mills , Mr . Moore , Mr . Stallwood , Mr . Wm . Lovett , die . Mr . Frazer , and Mr . Thorne addressed the meeting . Mr . Knowles moved , — " That , in the opinion of this meeting , as the first annivertary of

      Mr . Cooper ' s liberation from _thedungeon of Stafford approaches , the same shall be celebrated by a public demonstration , " seconded by Mr . Thorne , and supported by Messrs . Shaw , Floyd , Frazer , Overton , Dale , Dunn , Davis , Cuffay , and Mr . Cooper , and carried . On the motion of Mr . Thorne , seconded by Mr . Overton , it was resolved— "That the entertainment on tbe occasion be a tea party . " Mr . Cuffay proposed and Mr . Knowles seconded , that a tea party take place on Tuesday , May 5 th—carried . It was then moved and seconded that the following persons be a committee to carry out the above , with power to add to their number—viz ., Messrs . Floyd , Cuffay , Overton , Dunn , DaviB , Dale , Frazer , Knowles , Thorne , Walter Cooper , and Shaw . The meeting then adjourned to Thursday evening , March 26 th , when itis hoped that all friends will endeavour to be present and also be punctual , as tho business will commence at eight precisely .

      Death Punishments. On Monday Eveniug A N...

      DEATH PUNISHMENTS . On Monday eveniug a numerous and highly respectable meeting was held at the South London Chartist Hall , Blackfriars ' _-road , for the purpose of taking the necessary steps toward procuring the legal abolition of capital punishments , Mr . Jolm Gathard ably filled the chair , and Messrs . Stallwood , M'Grath , Dajlc , and T . Clark addressed the meeting in eloquent and excellent speeches , The resolutions were carried unanimously . [ Ihe space ire have been compelled to devote to the Polish cause , and tbe unusual length of our Assize , Trades , and Chartist Intelligence , leaves us without room to give a lull report of tbe meeting . The speeches are too good to be curtailed ; we , therefore , shall keep them , aud use them next week .

      Bamkbupts. [From The Gazette Of Friday, ...

      BAMKBUPTS . [ From the Gazette of Friday , Harth 20 th . ) John Kirkup , Kotherhithe , coal morchant—William Collins , Rugby , Warwick , _tailor—Jaines _Brj-ant , Mayfield , Sussex , draper—Isaac Harris , Croydon , Surrey , cletbier—Henry Ward , _IVidford-miiJ , _^ Gloucestershire , paper manufacturer—William Stone , Wood-street , lacuuian—llichard Ellison and John Gosdworth , Barnsley , Yorkshire , linen manufacturers—Joseph Whallej and Charles Whalley , Liverpool , _^ eedmen—llichard Barnes Preston , Leigh , Gloucestershire , coal dealer—Cornelius Brady , . Ashton , Birmingham , commission agent — Richard Edwards , _Iluddersnuld , woollen draper .

      Thb Costict Wix.—What Appear To Be The R...

      Thb Costict Wix . —What appear to be the reasons for doubting the sanity of Wix ? There is ground to believe that in infancy his brain was injuriously affected by disease . A distortion of the eyes , accompanied with great weakness of the optic nerves , is known to have attended him from early childhood . More lately , he suffered from a concussion of the brain , which , even after recovery from its immediate effects , exhibited permanent results in strange eccentricity of conduct . Ever since his apprenticeship he seems to have cherished the notion that his _master had taken him for the sake of the ten pounds premium paid when he was indentured . For this supposition no real ground existed ; and yet , so completely had it got possession of the vouth _' _s

      imagination , that in September , 1814 , under its influence , he . attempted to kill himself by swallowing laudanum . Frustrated in this design , lie still brooded over his imaginary wrongs ; and , while he was in this state of mind , the deduction by liis master of eleven shillings from his wages , to make up for an equal amount of money belonging to the master , which the apprentice had either lost ( as he himself alleged ) or embezzled ( an the other suspected ) , brought _Wix's resentment to that pitch under which he devised and accomplished the assassination of his fancied oppressor . To all this may be added , the

      utter apathy that characterised the miserable convict , throughout the whole of his trial . Neither the appearance of his mother in the witness-box , nor the summing up of the presiding Judge , nor the period of suspense during the consultation of the Jury , nor the announcement of their adverse verdict , nor even the pronouncing by the Judge of the awi ' uJ sentence oftbe law , moved him in the least ; but , from first to last , he maintained the same stolid and , as it were , inanimate indifference . —The Patriot . Ilis easo is at present under consideration at the Home-office , his mother having petitioned the Secretary of State for a commutation of punishment .

      Fire at a Cottoh Factok v . —Leicester , March 15 . —fhe inhabitants of _Braunstone Gate , in this borough , were thrown into consternation last night by a fire breaking out at thc extensive factory belonging t < y Messrs . Harris and Hamels _, cotton and Indiartlbber web manufacturers . In a few minutes the fire had obtained such an ascendancy that the flame * burst out in a large hody from the different windows on the ground floor and first story , and shortly afterwards extended to the second , third , and fourth stories of the building , each of which contained a largo quantity of cotton in a raw state , bobbins and spindles for winding , webbing , cane , die . In one room there were several bales of gends , packed ready for exportation , to thc value of £ 3 , 000 ; but , by the exertions of the police , firemen , and others , a great

      portion ol them , as well as the stock , was saved . Nevertheless , from the _combustiblo nature of the ar tides , the flames spread so rapidly that the whole ofthe building , extending to * frontage of between 300 and 400 feet , was completely gutted from top to bottom , aad at ouo period serious fears were entertained for the safety of the dwelling-houses belonging to the proprietors , and also a number 0 . 1 ' tellements adjoining the factory . By the exertions of the fire-brigade , assisted by a plentiful supply of water from the river Soar , which runs within 500 yards of the factory , the damage was confined to the building where the Gre broke out . _Tnemachinerv , which is costly and complicated , is nearly all d _' esvvoyed , and the effects of the conflagration will be severely felt by a _lurge body of people who were employed in that part of the factory . Thc dama _^ W

      estimated at between £ 4 , 000 and £ 5 , 000 . Dukl Prevented at _Bikmisoimm . —On Wednesdav morning two gentlemen of the highest respectability were apprehended m Birmingham under a _uunt-itrates warrant , charged with the intent to commit it breach ot the peace . lWh gentlcme , a 5 o St respectably connected , one of them being the son of an eminent manufacturer at Leeds -mil ti , , _>* . _pntleman from _Colerame . _' ti _^ e ' _£$ _^ 2 ore he _magtstrates in their private rouin and we e _dSged smmty for their _futura _mdbZ : _^ hutal Kavai , Stkajks . -The Birkenhead , iron _;» T \\ _- \ ' r ! ietl , Vo , » Mp - - _*& VxZxdVtr 1 < ' \ cllll _<™ _l . had been ordered o d to _Sheernm tube fitted for sea . Sheis the largest iron steamer in the British navv .

      West Riding Of Y0rks1i1p Ve.

      WEST RIDING OF Y 0 RKS 1 I 1 P VE .

      Ad00812

      SPRING SESSIONS , 184 G . _VJ'OTICE is hereby Given , that the SPR 1 XG GEJ | p L _> KAL QUABTJ _5 R SESSIONS of the _I'KACE' _£ the West Riding of the County of York , will be holds , at PONTEFBACT , on _Mohbat , the SiXTn day of Afro next ; on which day tha Court will be opened at EleVeD o ' clock of t he forenoon , and on every succeeding day lt Nine o ' clock _. Prosecutors and Witnesses in Prosecutions must be _^ attendance in the following order , vix , : — Those in Felony , from the divisions of StrafTorth an Tickhill

      Ad00813

      WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE . DEWSBURY LOCK-UP . SUPERINTENDING CONSTABLE WANTED . A SUPERINTENDING CONSTABLE for the Dewsbury Division in the West Riding of the Count ; of Tork consisting of the Townships of Dewsbury , o ' ssett-cum-G _' awthorpe , Soothill , Batley , Morley , Mirfield , Whitley , _Lon-er Thornhill , Gomersal , Heckmondwike , and _Lirevsedge , will be appointed at the next General Quarter Set . sions of the Peace , to be holden at PONTEFR ACT , ill and for the West Riding of the County of York , on Mosdat , the Sixth day of April next , at Twelve o ' clock at noon , The Superintending Constable ' s Salary will be £ 160 a year . He will be expected to provide and keep a horse exclusively for ths purpose of his office ; he muat provide for the security of the prisoners and lock-up during his

      Ad00814

      TO TAILORS . Now ready , THE LONDON and PARIS SPRING and SUMMER FASHIONS , for 1840 . By approbation of her Majesty Queen Victoria , and his Royal HighneBS PriHCe Albert , a splendidly coloured print , beautifully executes , published by BENJAMIN READ and Co ., 12 , _Hartftreet , Bloomsbury-square , London ; and G . Berger _, _Uolywell-sireet , Strand , London . Sold by the publishers and all booksellers , wheresoever residing . This superb Print will be accompanied with full size Riding Dress

      Ad00815

      BOND'S PERMANENT MARKING INK . THE OIllGINAL , WITHOUT PREPARATIONFor writing initials , Name * , or Ciphers , upon Linen , ki lor the purpose of Identity . ¦ T'HIS Composition unites every requisite , aad _tsad-X mitted to be the only article similarly used , the mark of which does not run iu the wash , ami ' which 1 ms given sathfuetiou to every _purchaser , it being universally yvefarYed lor its fixity and neatness of impression , Prepared by the hweutor , John Bond , chemist , 28 , Lung-lane . West _Smithneld , and sold by must stationers , _Jre . Priw Is . per bottle .

      Ine Printed By Dolgal M'Gowan, Of Ib, Great Wiiiilumii-

      _ine Printed by DOLGAL M'GOWAN , of IB , Great WiiiiluMII-

      Street, Llavnuivket, In The Citr Of \Ver...

      street , _Llavnuivket , in the _Citr of _\ Vertmi » si _>*** / " Ofliee , in the same Street ami 1 ' arisli , "iVi i pvietor . _KEAIU . _'US _O'OONXl'h , K .-. _J ., _>™ _implied by William llnwrr , of No . IS . _CharlM-sti-Mi , l _. van _doiustn-et , _Kiittt-orili , i" 'he Parish ot bt . _Slnry *> ew ingtoti , iu the Comity » t _^"" _' " . v . at Hie < - _''''• - > - _>«• _" _*{ Great Wi , idiiiiil _* m _* et , llay _«»««* et _. m tke ti _. v oi Westminster . ., , „ .,.,.., Saturday , March 21 , IM ( . -

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 21, 1846, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_21031846/page/8/