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Northern Star (1837-1852), 21st March 1846, Edition 4 of 4, Page 3, POLAND.

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      The Polish Universitiesmust Have Ai Marc...

      ai March 21 , 1846 . THE NORTHERN STAR , 3 " t 1 t ~ ' ~ ~ ' ' ™ ' ' " ¦ " " *~ J " '

      Foetrp

      foetrp

      The Polish Insurregtiox. [We [We Euspend...

      THE POLISH INSURREGTIOX . [ We [ We Euspend for a week our ' * Beauties of Byron , " _, _mak make wayforthefolfewin _* _**; lines which wecxtract rom _tftoffl the Illustrated London News of Saturday last . ) And _B-Aod Freedom shriek'd when Kosciusko Ml " -Campbell E Eternal Pow * r ! whoso Word Birine Hath saia " that where thy Spirit dwells T There also Freedom builds her shrine : " And there the human bosom swells _\ With thoughts abore the sordid earth , With aspirations raised to Thee , 1 Tillrapt with love of deathless worth , Man becomes what he ought to be . "Wilt Thou at last dash dowa the chain Close riveted to Poland ' s neck * "Wilt Thon at last destroy the reign Of ruthless tyranny , and check The Calranc Tulturs _' is shriek for blood , Thu blood of beaut ; and the brave , Who for the Christian cause oft stood _.

      Or , falling , found a glorious grave ! 'Twere _blasphemy to doubt Thou art Where Freedom fire * thehmnan heart ; Who thandersat Vienna ' s gate ! Why skulks the Hun behind his walls ? Whv sot rome forth and braveherfate ¦ Which never valiant heart appals ! The Austrian cowers before the TuTlCThe Cross before the Crescent flies ; The scimitar hews out its work , Amidst a Nation ' s agonies 1 On 5—on!—the thundering Spahis come , Like wolf-packs o ' er the _suow-clad plain ; And Europe shudders at her doom , Aud quail the crests of Prance and Spain . _Whtre are the Champions of the Cross IHave they forgotten Ascahra I Why rush not to retrieve the loss ,

      And prop pale Austria ' s tottering Throne ? Sol none corns forward in tliat hour Of mortal peril , save One Ponr ' r . Brave Poland ' s spear i * gleaming high—Her pennons flout thc frowning sky ; John Sobieski comes—his swords Scatter like chaff the Moslem hordes . The Austrian breathes—his throne is _saved—Dictates the peace he lately eraved ; O ' cnrhelmswith thanks the Polish chiefs—And now—oh , gratitude ! oh , grief!—The _Ifnn would trample on tlie laud Which saved him from the Pavnim brand ! What boots it to recall the _dav

      When Vistula _recoil'd with shame—When Poland ' s crown became the prey Of Royal robbers , and the name Highest upon Fame ' s blazon placed , The name of Poland was erased From the broad map of Europe ! Strife * , Foul civil Discord gave the blow—That demon , with all evils rife Laid Kosciusko ' s country low ! But still she rose again . Her soul , _Contemn'd the despot's fcul control . The humblest peasant of her soil , Though worn down by ungrateful toil , Felt that his spirit was uubroke , And _sigh'd to rend the tyrant ' s yoke . And the day came at last . Uprose Polouiain her glorious might , Scattering Before herfrecdom ' s foes ,

      As day dispels the clouds of night . Tbe heart of Europe leap'd with joy When rash'd forth hoary eld and boy ; E ' en woman _grasp'd the pike and sword To save the land they all adored . And saved it certainly bad been , Bnt diplomates slept in between The flying Buss , victorious Pole , Baffled the conqueror nearthe goal . The tide roll'd hack in vengeful flood , And deluged the lost land in tears and blood . Again , again , the nation rallies ! Forth from tbe mountains , plains , and vallieJ , Trom crowded town and lonely shore , The hamlet , and the forest hoar , Comes thundering the battle- « ry Of men resolved "to do or die . " Unequal conflict ! Tet the race

      Xot always to the swift is _givwi ; The mighty may not always place His heel upon tbe weak . _Kiad heaven ! Who seest fidr woman scourged to death By Calmuc knout ! who seest the brave And noble Pole heave his last breath , Chained , ti rtured , in Siberian cave , Raise np a David , to strike down The Gervon of Royalty : Despots who desecrated a crown , Which they ( forsooth !) receive from thee 1 Let not a noble land become Th' Aceldama of modern times ; Let Europe ' s voice no more be d * amb ,

      _Jfor silence sanction blackest crimes 1 Troops had extinguished Poland's just desire" Th' extinguishers themselves" ore now on fi re .

      Js" [The Attention We Are Just Row Compe...

      _JS" [ The attention we are just row compelled to de-Tote to the cause of our Polish brethren has kit us no time to prepare our usual " Reviews" this week . ]

      Poland.

      POLAND .

      The Following Notice Of The Extent And P...

      The following notice of the extent and population of the different provinces which constituted the ancient republic of Poland will be read with interest at a moment when their inhabitants are making an effort to become independent of their present rulers . Gallicia , which now belongs to Austria , hasau extent of 1 , 5 S 0 _geographical miles , and a population of 4 * 797 . , nearly all Pales . About 2 , 000 , 000 profess the United Greek religion , about the same number are Roman Catholics . _Tiivre are rather more than

      250 , 000 schismatic Greeks , 30 , 030 Protestants , and 233 , 345 Jew * . The republic , of which Cracow is tbe capital , has about 21 _geographical square miles , and 145 , 7 : 57 inhabitants , the territory and the town form a republic , under the protectorate of Austria , Russia , aud Prussia . The Grand Duchy of Posen , which forms part of thc Prussian monarchy , has a sunerficies of 536 square geographical miles ; a popttlatiun of L 290 , 1 S 7 . of whom _Sl'Jfi _& l _profess the Prussian Evangelical religion , and are chiefly Germans by origin and in language . There are 783 , 916 Roman Catholics , who are marly all Poles . The Jews are in number 77 , 102 . Prussia has also other populations of Polish origin in Silesia , and eastern aud western Prossia , from _llantzic to the frontiers other *

      of Russia ; but as they have been separated from the Polish people for more than a century , it is not _supposed that they will lake any part in the insurrection . The ancient provinces of Lithuania , White Russia , and _Saniogitia , form tlie Russian governments of Wiina , Witepsk , Grodno , Kowno ,-Minsk , and _Mohifew . Their population is 4 / J 7 $ , 3 u 9 . These countries have for four years been suffering from : scarcity of provisions , and the people are , therefore , in a state of great excitement . The nobles and a portion of the people arc Human Catholic ; the rest , who were formerly of the United Greek Church , ! have now become , hy choice or force , members of j the Schismatic Greek Church , but a great number ]

      of the peasantry have refused to acknowledge the Russian bishops who were appointed to succeed their priests . There are also a few thousand Poles in the _Riisso-GenuangovcrnmentsofCourJandaud Livonia . In the Ukraireami Little Russia ; viz ., the governments of Volhynia , _KiefljPiltawa , Kurks , Ave , the nobles profess the Roman Catholic faith , but the people now profc-s the same religion as the Russians . The population of these governments , which are of great extent , amorists to eight millions . What is called the kingdom of Polaud , and which is under _taeautkority of Gen . Paskewitsch _, _isalsoof considerable extent , and has a population of 4 , 76 'J , 700 . Thus there are

      in—Gallicia ........... « ... _,......................... 4 , _tJi .-i 3 Cracow _...,.......... .... _..... — _.. —•• _.... 145 , 187 The Grand Duchy of Posen 1 , 290 , 1 S 7 Lithuania .............. —— . — — . 4 . 97 S . Little Russia 8 , 000 , 000 The _KiugdomoIPoland ..... 4 . 7 _Ci ' , < 90 Giving a total of 23 , 381 , 376 The population sf Russia is ( 8 millions , that of Austria 37 millions , and that of Prussia 16 millions , independently oi the population of the different provinces of ancient Poland .

      CRACOW . The following descriptive account of Cracow will be read with interest at the present moment : — The republic of Cracow extends over a territory of sixty-four square _leagues , and iu existence , as a state , whicli dates from thc Congress of 1815 , was owingto tbe dhTerences raised between Russia , Austria , and Prussia , each contending for its possession . As these three powers could nut coinetoan undrrstanding on the subject , it was determined that Cracow should be converted into a free ttale , and placid under their immediate protection , insuring a _neutrality and inviolability of her territory , except in cases where she should be found giving an asvlum to ciiuiiuais Irom the countries presided over by the three _protecting uioiiarehs . The legislative power of this republic is iu a body of deputies ejected by each _eommu-ity ; of three members ofthe Senate , one of

      whom _presides at the assembly ; of three canons of tlie Cathedral Ck .- . ptcr ; of three _IV-tore of thc University , j and of the Judges of the Tribunals . This hody holds _' a I session annual : ; ., which lasts scarcely three uroliths ; it _nialet laws , v .. tes the _budget , _insets tttB administration , and Humiliates two-thirds of tht senators as m « _J 1 as the judges . The _wcectitir ,.- ] -u « er is confided to a _SvlUltt CoffiJKlSed of twelve members aud a president ; _tiicprisident aud tight ofthe members heing nominated by the leg islative body , two others are elected by the chapter , and two by the university . Ei _^ ht of - . litse senators at « elected fir life , and four annually . The _pitddeut is elected _i-rery three years . The senate _dh-custts thc laws befuKt tlieir p resentation to the Kational A _& euiMy ; it _nominal 5 to c . vil ani ecclesiastical _cuip _' oynttms . To be _e-lSgile to hccoaie a _senator , the _cauUfoaie inuftuc tLirty-n c year * of age , he must have studied at one of

      The Following Notice Of The Extent And P...

      the Polish universities , must have exercised some public employment , and hava paid taxes to tbe amount of 150 florins , a litfle more tlian JE 7 English . The deputy must fulfil the same conditions , ouly he is eligible at the age of tweuty-five . The electors are members of the chapter aud or the _university , ail proprietors , merchants , and _trades | K _« iiie , ar . isau _> , or _jmiiriduiils of the learned profession , having paid taxes to the amount of _oue-third of the sum required to be paid hy a senator or deputy . The republic haa a niiluia which watches over the safctv of tlie capital , and a body of armed men for thc protection of its territory . IU revenues are fully equal to ils ex-**_ __ tl _ _tl _ t- . _« Ii" i t _ . _« ...

      _jM-nses , more especially as tke republic has no debt , being entirely fr < cd from that which _uulongtd to the _kingdom of _Toland . The letritory of the republic is bounded on the nurthand west by _Wo'iwodre ; ob the south h y the Vistula , which stpaiates it from Gallicia ; aud on the west by _Brinwa , which separates it from _Silitia . Its length , from cast to west , is about fiifceen geographical leagues ; and its breadth , from north to south , about fifteen . The whole extent of territory is an inclined plane towards the south , with occasional small hills , aud it is fertilised by numerous water-courses , tributaries of _tise Yislula .

      The culUre of flax , the rearing of cattle , poultry , and bees , are _thw principal employments of the occupiers of the land . There is an iron foundry at Cracow , and two or three other manufactories in the whole extent of the republic ; but almost , with these exceptions , _theaiaiiufactnred articles ia demand reach the people from other countries . Under the administration of tlie republic the condition of the peasants has very much improved . Their cabins or huts , though tliey are still built principally of boughs of trees , cemented together by mud and lime , have an improved appearance ; they are whitened outside , and are cleaned within . The roads are well planted on either sidV , and the fields , like those inEugland , are , to a certain extent , divided by hawthorn hedges . Their fruits are principally apples , prunes , cherries , chesnuts , and even some peaches and almonds . Such i » a slight sketch of the _atpect of tho country principally in the environs of Cracow .

      Cracow itself was the ancient capital of Poland ; the place where its kings were crowned , and where their remains were deposited in sepulchres . Cracow was , indeed , to some extent , sacred in tlie eyes of the Polish nation . According to the old chroniclers , it owes ils name to Krahus , Dote of _Curobasci Blanche , who founded it about the year 700 of tin * Chrislinu era . It was Bolislas the Great who made it the capital of his empire , the scat of which was previously at Guesne , Situated in a delicious valley on the borders of the Vistula , it embraced the Wawel , the inounain on which , histoiy informs us , Krakus built a castle , which was afterwards reconstructed by the kings , _Piast Sigismnnd I ., and Augustus IL ; fortified by Dumouriez in 176 S , restored under the Austrian dominion , and afterwards trans .

      formed into a barrack fur troops . A part of this edifice has siuce been placed at the disposition of a benevolent society , aud thus the ancient residence of kings has _became an asylum for suffering humanity . Under the vaults of this palace the _treasure of jewels of the crown of ancient Polaud were preserved . The tomb of Krakus is on a small rising ground called Mogila _Krakm-sn , near ths city . And not far from thence , Polish patriotism has erected , on the mountain of Bronsalawa , a monument to the memory of the immortal Kosciusko . Near this royal castle the finest cathedral in all Poland has been erected . It has been burnt down and re-built several times . Within its wails the kings of Poland were crowned , and their mortal remains repose . Tbe funeral monument- ; of Polish princes and great men ornament sixteeu of the lateral chapels ; and , indeed , by _passiug through these chapels a

      person may read almost the whole history of Poland , from the time of _lloleslasle Frusc to that cf Kosciusko and _Ponistowski . The tombs of these two celebrated men are ia a vault at tha entrance of the chapel , where _YladiglaS _Jagellon was interred . _National enthusiasm , also , demanded that tbe ashes of Dombrowski should repose in the same place , bnt the powers of the day refused . The churches of Cracow are of that noble and splendid description , that places that city as one of the finest in the _Xorth of Europe . The University of Cracow formerly sent forth some ot the greatest names of Poland ; but since the country has lost its nationality and the republic is concentrated within narrow limits , she has done little for mankind . The last census that was taken in Cracow showed its inhabitants to amount ( in 1833 } to 25 , 000 inhabitants in round nutnben , 5 , 600 uf whom were Jews , while in 1787 the population was 80 , 000 .

      Melancholy Luss Of Two Vesselseight! Liv...

      MELANCHOLY LuSS OF TWO VESSELSEIGHT ! LIVES LOST . Two wrecks , accompanied by a mournful loss of human life , upwards of eighty pet-sous having perished , were on Monday reported at Lloyd ' snamely , that of the British barque Ida , 550 tons but then , belonging to tbe pert of London , and the John Ulinturu , an American built ship of nearthe same tonnage—both lost while on outward bound voyages from their respective ports . The particulars relating to that of the Ida , as received , arc exceedingly brief . She was commissioned by government for the conveyance of government stores Jor Canada , and sailed for St . John ' s , New Brunswick , on iho 4 th of January . There were on _^ board , besides the crew , eighteen in number , including the master , Captain William Chamber , thiriy-ei _* : ht passengers . A letter ,

      stated to be written by Mr . Sherwood , the British consul at Portland , thus describes her loss ;— "On the * 2 Cth of January , being in latitude 44 _ N ., long 52 30 W ., the barque broached to , while scudding before a severe gale from S . S . E ., and was thrown on her beam ends . The passengers aud crew immediately rushed into the long-boat , to the number » f forty-fivo . The land bore _N . X . E ., distant about thirty leagues . The boat got about two cables-lens , th from the vessel wheu she shipped asea , filled , and all in her perished . The mate , nine men , and one young woman remained on tin- wreck , in the tops , Irom Monday morning uutil Friday morning , when they wcre taken off by the schooner Three Sisters , of Eden , where they were landed much frozen , the mate being theou ' y one able to travel . "

      The fate of the John Minium , and her crew and passengers , amounting to fifty in number , was ofa beart-renuiug character . The ill-fated vessel was 500 tons burthen , and bound to New York , having , besides a number of cabin and steerage passengers , several shipwrecked seamen , who had been picked up on the voyage . They were within three days' sail ot her destination . At half-past nine o ' clock on the 14 th of February she struck with tremendous force , when she broke ' but did not separate . Every effort , says one of the _surmais , a seaman , mimed King , was made to preserve the lives of those on board , numbering fifty-one . The captain , with his wife , son , daughter , servant , and cabin passengers , took refuge in the poop cabin . The long-boat was cast adrift and launched over the bows ; five ofthe crew and the steerage passengers , a Portuguese , jumped into her . It is supposed ihat the captain , his mate ,

      aud tbe pilot remained in the poop , for they were not seen afterwards , and in the course of an hour thc ship parted _amidbhips _, and the after part drifted away into the sea . The remaining portion of the wreck then floated _t-OBsiderably in shore . Those who were lashed to the forecastle instantly perished . Between eleven aud twelve o ' clock at night a boat was put off to rescue those who were clinging to pieces of the wreck , consisting of two under mates , two ofthe crew and four ofthe _steerage passengers , and after almost insurmountable difficulties , they were preserved . In the remains of tiie forecastle sixteen bodies were found ; they laid in a cluster round the stump of the foremast . Among them could be recognized tlie captain ' s wife aud his children . Thc following morning at daybreak the bodies were brought ashore .

      Ixdecent Assault.—At A Special Sessions,...

      Ixdecent Assault . —At a special sessions , held on Monday , at Stratford , Henry Isaacs , a youth of about sixteen , was charged with having grossly and indelicately assaulted Mrs . Pelley , the wife of Captain Pel-Icy , and a daughter-in-law of Sir John Henry Pelley . The assault uok place in the forenoon , in some fields , called Dug ' s Fields , which Mrs . Pelley and her sister were crossing in their way to the residence of _l _^ idy Rum . Miss Fry , the sister of complainant ( and a daughter of the late benevolent Mrs . Fry ) , spoke positively to the person ef the accused , and other witnesses described tiie assault , but could not distinctly swear tbat the accused was the party . — Theniagistrat . es , as there was a doubt , decided on sending the cave to the _teEs ' ions ; Mr . Charnock , on behalf of the accused , stating that he should be distinctly able tu prove an alibi . Bail was then tendered , and accepted .

      _i-IRE IX _GRACECHURCII-SrREET . _—SUSPECTKD lVOBBEitr . _45 D _Ixcesbmrism . —On Sunday morning , _between four aud five o ' clock , the premises ot Mr . It . Plant , a hosier and outfitter , were discovered to be on fire . The brigade engines from _Jcffrey-stjuSTe aud Watling-street stations were quickly on the spot . The flames were subdued . The damage done , however , is very considerable ; the principal portion ofthe stock being very seriously burned , as well as the shop itself . Upon Mr . Braidwood making an examination

      ofthe _premises , he found that the names had commenced in five or six portions ofthe shop , and that there had apparently been some tar placed on the wall t « make the flames travel faster . Mr . Plant , upon searching the cash-box , discovered that a £ 10 note had been abstracted , as well as some gold . This circumstance , added to ethers which have siuce _trana-pircd , leave little or no doubt that the premises had first been robbed and afterwards ket fire to , but who tiic party was remaius at the present a mystery . Mr . I'laut waa insured in tbe Sun and Globe

      Fireoffices . Ciikmok . v £ ( JAttiiess , _Chkisea . —Tiicjufticesofthe Kensington division of the county of Middlesex have refused to renew thc license for Cremorne Gardens . The matter will he taken by appeal to the Quarter Sessions . A 1 _' ooit Max ' * Lipb _SAvtai ur _IIollowat _' s Pills . —Jeremiah Laughlin , a porter about tlie quavs of _DuWiii , was _aniictcd for years with shortness of breath , spitting of phlegm , night perspirations , and _ucneral weakness oi body , a want of appetite , sick _headache , besides suffering much from the liver . Tills _nitin was in the second stage of comuniption , and not _cxjit-Med to Irve _^ three months , when he CoiilliK'nccil tht useof Holloway ' s wonderful pills and bv their means alone he is now strong , as hale , aud tU well ;« ever he was in his life .

      - -. -M.M- _ Crau^' Jkatemtmsf

      - -. -m . m- _ CraU _^ ' _JKatemtmsf

      Cokdwainelts' General Mutual Assistance ...

      _COKDWAINEltS' GENERAL MUTUAL ASSISTANCE ASSOCIATION . ASSOCliTED _Snovams _, —As we are new nearly < m the eve of Conference , and as that Conference wiil be the most important to our trade that ever was held iu tliU country—because , while llie oli garchical and commercial classesare quarrelling among themselves , as to which shall wring the largest amount of spoil from the industry ofthcworkiug-maii , and while the intermediate or employing class , at least of our trade , are watehiiignanowly _, notouly _thfettUtve * * l ihu _goviu'iihig _classy , but mailing inroad after inroad silently and steadily , till our association is involved from its centre to its circumference- by a desire among our masters to take advantage of the commercial chau _; es tliat arc about to take place iu this country , and thereby reduce our wages to the altered circumstances which class leftishitHm and privileged idlenes * deem proper to inflict on society at large ,

      We say it will be important , for , iu judging of thc amount of good our union lias alread y ttfeeted with its necessarily imperfect _Jiiaeliinery ; imperfect , because of the amouut of ditficultiis it had and still has to contend with , inasmuch as it is now resisting aets of llie foulest and grossest deipotism , not ouly of those who live on the profits of labour , but by men of our order—working-men , as tlie sequel will show , but it is still wading through all those apparently insurmountable obstacles , and will ere long break down every barrier which may come in its way , but it will be for the Conference to meet and knock all those obstacles on the head , and , with a view to assist in the good work , wewill offer a few suggestions ; but before entering upou that part uf the subject , it is our duty to state , tliat , as the _Belfast strike still continues with unabated vigour , tha levy must remain on eight . we « U » instead of four . At tlie . commcuccment of tliat strike wo were given to understaud _thht about tour weeks would

      termmate the contest , but such is not the case . There are a number ol district officers who wish to know how the strike is going on , and a number who ivaut to know whether theteis any chance of victory en the side ofthe men , _» Hd not a few who say that Belfast will be the making or breaking of the association . Detnecu all these opinions , OHe thing is certain—uaniely , that there w > not even a shadow of chance of success on the side of tuv employers , if these men can only be supported a short while linger ; that the association will support them , we have not the least doubt , judging from thc feeling manifested within these last few days ; for , be it _reutembtrtd that there are a number of towns in England whieh had become _lukuwurm to the association , but who _rallieo wheu the position of Belfast was made _kuonn . Il is true

      that the levies have come in hut slowly of late , but itis also true thatthe commercial changes which arc about tu take place in this country hare paralysed our trade ¦ e . ' uch an extent as to put it totally out ot the power of our members to pay as they would wh . 1 . —but better times are close at hand , the spring of the year is dawning upon us ; it is true , too , that our masters hare taken advantage of this anticipated change by causing strikes in a great many of our districts , and thereby adding , hi a very high degree , to our already embarrassed circumstances ; for _iustaufe , London , Leeds , Waterford , Northampton , Cambridge , Oxford , Leicester , Birmingham , Manchester , Nottingham , and _Xewry—all those places areeiiher more or lcis on strike , and all those places have to suppport _thuir own as well as that of Belfast , which , when _ccuplcd with the scarcity of employment caused by the changes above alluded to , will , in some measure , account lor the position in whieh the boot and shoe-makers of tlie Unitid

      Kingdom are placed at the present time . Bnt tbe time is fast approaching when these difficulties will vanish , and when we will prove to those masters who now seek to degrade and oppress us , that we will not only establhh our right to a fair partiOf-twain the fruils of our own industry , but that we will try aw experiment which may prove detrimential to their class as masters ; but which experiment we will not try if they ( the masters ) will be satisfied to giie us a fair , hoiiouiable , aud independent living out of the wealth which we ourselves create , and such living we must and shall have . We seek not the property of others by either word or deed , wc only wunt a fair portion of our own ; aud we would warn the master * not to make any wanton or gross inroads upon our wages , or else we may be tempted to take the advice of the greatest statesman of the age , namely , Sir Robert Feel , who says " the working classes must take their owu affairs into their own hands . "

      It is monstrous to see tliat everything invented by the scientific , the philanthropic , and theexaited of our species is immediately brought to bear against the interests of tbe working-classes—every new invention of science or mechanics is afresh signal for thoir degradation . If an income-tax he levied to carry on the businefs of the country , forthwith itis taken from the labour of the workingclasses ; if corrupt and ignorant statesmen , by their _mal-practices , _destroy the trade of the country , forthwith the masters make up the loss i-y taking it from their men . If a famine threatens to spivad its ravages all over the

      empire , the w » y in which the masters try to alleviate it is , by immediately reducing tlie wages of their workmen — " an admirable way , truly . " If the men of Belfast try to eke out an existence in the land uf their birth , their masters at once unite , turn rouud on thenmen , and indict them for doing the same , and if one jury do not make them guil' . y , lhey can be discharged and another impannelled or selected that will do tbe job . But we are much mistaken iu the boot and shoe-makers oi the United Kingdom if they do uot get justice done to tht Belfast men .

      Our object in glancing at these things is to show tbe association and the public at large the difference between the motives ofthe master-class and those ofthe _workiugcIhss ; in the former we sec everything that is immoral , tyrannical , ar . d despotic—in the othwr we _j see nothing but what is independent , moral , and just . The workingclasses want nothing but tlieir own : the master class want to aggraudise themselves at the expense of others , and wallow in all the luxuries of life , while the workers are compelled to live and bring up large families , of both sexes , irom youth to maturity , huddled together in one room , to the utter destruction of tlieir mental ami moral faculties ; and , _fmiilly _, to the injury of society atlarge . These remarks apply only to those masters who urray themselves against tlieir workmen .

      It will he borne in mind , thatiu the foregoing remark * relative to the diuicultii-s of the _association , we hinted that some of our own order were working against us—the short facts of the case are these : some short time since , a portion of the trade of Glasgow thought proper to join our association—this portion had fr < , m Loudon cards and general laws , and the secretary attempted to put Oil a levy < m those who joined lo support the men of Belfast , but no souuer did the old body , as they are called , see tbis step taken than they went t _. _» the masters and solicited them to " aid and assist them ( the old body ) in putting tlw unionists down , " for , said they to the masters , " if you do not help us to destroy the unionists they will soon destroy you , as well as they are seeking to destroy the masters of Belfast . " The masters of Glasgow of course ,

      true to their own interests , united at once with the old body , afed they both conjointly struck off every wan that belonged to our association , and sent to Ediuburgh fur men to fill up their plaws , —Edinburgh being ob strike at the time . Is there not something _auoinolous iu striking _offilinis and sending for Hints to take their seats of work ? But , say the men of G hu-gow to the masters" If jou do not help us to beat down the union the union will destroy you . " " To beat them down is the very thing thatwc want , " say the masters . What a victory I And what Is it for ? Bid tlie ' _uninuists attempt to I educe wages _? Xo ! But the old body said , in substance , they would raise it , and so they told the masters , and the masters , of course , put down tlicparty which tliey thought would in time be tbe most powerful to contend with . Thus it will be seen , that while the masters ot Belfast arc

      persecuting and prosecuting tlie unionists for attempting to unite at all , the operatives of Glasgow are knocking it on the head altogether . Verily , you Glasgow heroes , jou tare done a noble deed . '—a deed which will shed lustre on the trade of Glasgow . IV ' iae will the association do after this ? "Will they still relieve cards from the old bodies ? We shall see . For our own part , we believe there ought not to be one card relieved in future , except our own . Seeing the brutal _niantur in which our oppo items are ccting towards us , could it ever be imagined that any body of men could be found in our trade to act in so foolish , weak , aud base a manner as to deprive a number of men of employaient for merely believing that a general union is better than a local one % However , it is now iu the hands of tbe _association , and they may deal With the act of the men of Glasgow as they think

      proper . But to return to the Conference ; it might be as well to inform the country that there are a nuuibi / r of changes iw , and amendments to , our general laws contemplated by the men of London , and perhaps tbe snme feelings pervade the men ofthe country ; if so , the best and fail est way to act would be for auy district in London or the couutry to reduce all their amendments to writing , aud send _tllflll in ll letter to us , iu oroer that _tl . cy may be printed and transmitted to the country in time for the annual district meetings , so that the whole ofthe amendments might

      be seen at one glance , aud their bearing upon each other clearly ascertained . The constituency might instruct their delegates as to thej maimer in whicli they should vote , _flureby " facilitating the business of Conference , and giving tlie delegates proper time to consider well the _propositions to be laid before them when they meet . It will therefore , we think , be only fair that ell partus _fillOUlll be mado _acquainted with the changes iUtClldett to be proposed , and it is with no other view but that of having those amendments printed and laid before the country that we have offered the suggestion .

      There is another subject which the Conference must take into tlieir serious consideration—namely , that ot cards ; if the association suffers more from one tiling than another , it is from the _Usuing of cards . For instance , when a town is suspended , that town still retains its cards . Of _courto , ihe members of that town cau tramp and reeeive relief from our funds the same as ifnn suspension had taken place . It is also a fact , that towns write up to London for support iu cases of strikes , well knowing that a refusal is ccitaiu _. But wkat rare thoy' They _lin-ve union csids to tramp wuli . In one instance , a very import-nit town wrote _upim-support , though that town hus not paid a farthing since ne hare been iu ofliee . Another town in tbe _suiii _' i of England broke up , ami divided the cards that remained among the members ihat swod till the last . Now , our reason for mentioning lhe . se tilings here is , to point out to thecountry the maimer in _wliichthis svstem _aiucisuuv association , ami to prepare tho minds of the delegates , when lJuuftTt ; iee meets , n / meet it in all its hearings . Let any man possessing an ordinary amount of com-

      Cokdwainelts' General Mutual Assistance ...

      mon sense reflect for a moment on the effect of sueh a state of affairs , and he will wonder why it hus not broken up our uniun long before this ; together with winch the members of the assuciaiiou themselves add iu a very high degree to mr _uhlieuhies by relieving card * , ol ibe old hod . , particularl y , after the . manner in which the ) have acted iu Glasgow , Loudon , and Liverpool . In London they employ men to write letters in disparagement of our principles and motives—in Livsrpool they relievo all union cards , it is true , but it would be far better if they did not , because tbey do more harm by so doing than good , inasmuch tts when the _pcrton relieved calls for his card , the _Liverpool bod y give him oue of tlieir own instead ; it will be observed that this places the person so relieved in a worse position than if he were not tt . _wtxnl

      nt all , for it is selling his card for relief , a Liverpool eard being no manner of use ; this mode ot action on the part of Liverpool places Irishmen who belong to eur union , aud come over ou strike , iu a most awkward predicament , and we sincerely _Jiope Liverpool _Wl'if CIM 8 B acting in this manner . Thus it will be seen OUT opponents do things under the guise _» f liberality , wliich in reality are meant only to perplex aud embarrass . Let any candid and unbiassed man compare the actions of the old bodies of London , Liver ' _Hjol , and Glasgow , and he must almit at otice that thoir manner of acting is entirely wrong , for white the London body employ men to write letters ( at fld . each ) to uiiiierraiue our . _jiosition and villifj our motives , the Liverpool body are snaring our curds , in order to disgust our number . ' . - , intending , of course , to prove the inutility of our association , while Glasgow wantonly and _baselr unites with the common

      enemy for the purpose of depriving our members of their employment . Let any honest and lair man compare all these things together , and he must come to tho conclusion that nothing could engender such fa-Hugs aud tuitions , but a _bnittil and sordid determination to break us up at all hazards ; aud for what ? Have wc ever been the cause of reducing wages ? Have we been the cause of worsting tho position of the boot and shoemakers of Great Britain and Irelaud ! No ; ou the contrary , our members have made personal and aggregate sacrifices for the purpose of carrying out n great priuciple ; und believing , as we do , that that great principle is necessnry to secure our independence as a trade , we ure willing to pay for the carrying out of so resplendent all _expurimeut ' _, we therefore thiuk our own shopmates at leust OUgllttO give us a fair chance to work out a system which has already done so much good , and will do more , if it get anything like fair play from our own order .

      It should be burnt in mini ) , that we are the first trade who solved the problem ot whether the working-classes ( ef different countries ) could be united fora common object , though difterimr widely iu ot ! i « r respects . Wc have solved that problem , and , perhaps , in alter times , it may redound to the everlasting fame of our calling , that vie nerc tlie first who achieved so _desirable and moral au object ; for remember , the only hope the privileged idlers of the earth have of living and revelling ou the wrongs ol mun is , that the working-classes of all countries ure destitute of the elements _uecossury to form a union strong _enough to b-ecurv their own interests ; remember , too , that those privileged ordtrs use every artifice which wealth cau command and scientific imaginations can

      suggest , to keep tbe working-classes divided , in _ordur that , by their divisions ( thej , the privileged orders ) , may the more easily keep up their nefarious _practices ; remember , then , tliat the boot and shoemakers were the tirst working-men in these realms that _eelvcd the problem alluded to _abovu , aud that thty not only formed a general union , but united men , who , a few years since , were deadly enemies to each other . If the other trades ot Britain could unite to tbe extvnt tbat we hare—if thvy could unite men oftheirtrades in the different countries as we have done practically ( despite the machinations ol oureuemiesi , those trades unitedly might form a _niightj plixlaux , before which , the leagued despotisms of the world ( whether oligarchical , commercial , or political ) would quail .

      Siiame ! 0 , shame , on you ! old bodies of London , Liverpool , aud Glasgow , tliat do not use your wealth aud talent for higher and nobler _purpoees than trying to destroy an organisation whose aim and objects are similar to jour owu , though sucking the eud in a different way . It may _bu as well here to _ststt that , from the manner in wliich the levies came in , until lately , I was almost fearful in culling fur another , lest it might crush the association ; for , taking into account the unparalleled depres . sion of trade , and the numerous strikes we had , and still

      have to contend with , I was really fearful that the association might fall under increasing _expensss ; but , from the _feeling that is plainly _mattifestiog itself within the last few days , it is clear that things will be all rhrht now ; you are , therefore , herewith called upon to forward , for the use of the association , 3 d , per member per week , for four weeks . Taking your numbers according to thc last returns at , your share will be , whicli you will please to forward every week to Mr . Thomas Toltnan , King and Queen , _Foley-street , Marylebone . * The levy to go on from Feb . 2 nd . ( Signed ) Wh , _Clakk , General Secretary .

      Tailors.—At A Conference Of Delegates Re...

      Tailors . —At a Conference of delegates representing tlie tailoring trade , recently held at Leeds , the following statements were made by the delegates : — Mr . Hustler , of Bradford , described his section as doing tolerably well , but another portion ( the No . 2 section ) was in a deplorable state . Connected with the latter portion were a number of superannuated men . The No . 1 section found no fault with their present bill of prince , but members of the No . 2 section had been most unfairly treated by some of the musters , lie mentioned these facts , in order to stimulate the Conference to some laudable effort on behalf of section Wo . 2 .

      Mr . IVorsey , one of the Manchester _delcgates , said—For the last sixteen or seventeen years I have been connected with the respectable portion of the trade . When I first pointed out the ruin that was about to overtake us , I wn « told that 1 was a marked man ; this _Ihavebesn , and have suu ' ered accordingly . Prior to last August I was paid at tlie rate of 27 s . per week Ibr thirteen hours'labour daily , including dinner hour ; now , however , owing to tlie Spirit of unjust competition , and the blight which thu _systuui of " sweating" lias thrown over the trade , I can only earn 14 s . Gd . a week , never woi-kinj ; less than fifteen hours psr day for that miserable pittance . I have visited a man in our trade of thu name of Charles Hall , who » c average earnings , after slaving six daj s iu the week , only amounted to 8 s . ( id . Another of the name of John _Btnily , was employed on work , aud his _averaRO earnings , supposing him to be constantly employed , only amounted tu ( Is . pur week . A third man , of the name of George _Wihlgoose , living in

      _Springfield-l'lnO , Salford , I lound making gentlemen ' s dress coats for 4 s . 6 d ., and the trade price averages for tho same work 10 s . "id . Another person visited by me had a wife _at-. d seven children . Their condition was pitiable ; tbey were living in a cellar , and the husband and wife _conjr . intly could only earn 10 s . per week . William Harrison , living in Garden-street , Hulme , miserably wretched : was making tunic suits for 5 s ., the trade price heing about 9 s . Cd . This man was working fer Hyam , and as lie had to iiud his own sewings , fie was receiving only half his 1- gitimate wages . William _lluglus work * for Jlr Jones , iu _Deauegate _, has a wife and oik- child . This family make up nil sorts of garments , nnd the liutband , wife , and _daughter labouring conjointly can only earn 10 s . per week . William Worrell works for George Webster : was making cloth trousers for 2 s . a pair , tho ordinary price being 3 s . 9 d . t ' ersons working for that establishment must cut tlieir own garments before they cau be employed . These are not extreme cases .

      Mr . Glass , of Manchester , said—Gentlemen , you are all aware that Manchester is on strike , and must have fallen had not the Protection Society rushed into the rescue . Thc men of Manchester owe to that society their lasting gratitude , which is also due to Mr . Parker , whom prudent advice , friendly counsel , andnrdent _iseal deserve every _commendatios tbat we can give him . Mr . Alexander Allan , of Alloa and Stirling , Scotland , said— I beg to inform the delegates of the circumstances which gave birth to our section . When first we heard of the Protection Society , a person of the name of John Gibson ( who wrought iu a slop-shop ) called a meeting and formed a committee . We then sent to London for _rutes , and in thc next place addressed the masters with n memorial , for wc were anxious to meet them iu a friendly spirit . Most ofthe masterswere with us , save on « who

      met us by making out a list of wages 13 per cent , lower than it should have been . We called a _mueting of arbitration , when our opponent promised he would _nerer invade our rights again . Yet this same man called a meetiug of the masters , wishing them to reduce wages again . I waited upon him in order to remind him of his former promise , when he treated me most uncivilly , and told me to go about my business . He next proposed to starve his men for a month in order to bring them to compliance , and had it not be « n for thc honourable conduct of another employer , Mr . Dawson , he would , no doubt , have tried the experiment . On my return we shall commence at once a brisk agitation , and hy that meatus build up 8 powerful public opinion ; and , supported as we are by the Protective Society , 'we shall soon be enabled to drive oppression ont of the field .

      Mr . J . W . Parker _begged to inform the Conference of a circumstance which redounded to the honour of tlieir Scottish brethren . When the Stirling strike hud reduced their funds and left them nil but helpless , he ( Mr . Parker ) remitted them a _five-poimd note , promising the single men 7 s . and the married * Js . so long as the strike continued , hut tlieir reply was " We will only accept 5 s . ( idfur single men and 76 . for married , and with that , if needful , would stand out for ever . Mr . Gidreon _Hox , of Maidstone , said — Maidstone , although a small town , is nevertheless an important one . _Wehavcalways maintained good credit , and supported every institution . We have no No . 2 section—all who work in shops arc paid the same rate of wages , 'ihe tailors of Maidstone are thoroughly demoernlic . Vi e are not depressed by thc sweating system , ami . ur cans * Knins strength every day . We are determined to agitate and bring in the countiy _, though we pay for it out of our own pockets .

      Jlr . Parker said , ou behalf of Stafford , that he was specially charged by them to thank the trade for the support rendered tlicm in their late strike . Mr . John Leech , of Hyde , drew a fearful picture of

      #Shi)P«Iat«S Should Nevi/R Ma'.'.E Money...

      # Shi ) p « iat « s should _nevi / r ma _' . ' . e money orders payable anywhere but to Tottenlmm-court-road Post-office ; for by making them payable to London , our treasurer will have to go t « _- <> miles to cash money ; and when it is taken into account that lie gets nothing for his services , itis rather hard to be put to such trouble , which trouble may le obviated hy making the orders payable hi every case at _Totteiiham-coiirt-roiid .

      #Shi)P«Iat«S Should Nevi/R Ma'.'.E Money...

      the miseries attendant on the " sweating system . " Jn Staleybridge slop-work is paid 40 per cent , less than in Ashton . Cheadle swingers are made there for 3 » . ( id ., and _fustiiui trousers for Is . Iu Uus toivu of _Hjde the trade is mi-lied by ilyuiii _, aud men of Id * class . His putt-bills are to he r ' e ,: ii on evi r . v corner , and no little master can compete with him . In rtsinoii men and musters were on the best of terms , Mr . ttussell , of Birmingham , said , he had livod three years in Birmingham , where scenes of wretchedness met the eye on every hand . One sueh _eauche would mention . A person , of tlie nsiiie of William Ilill , fired in Little UilUtv «« t , BrUtul . voml ; he had a wife aud two _dauffbtevs living iu « wretched abode ; lhey had no l _' uruiiure , uo cooking _u-c » sils woith y of the mime , and were all but Kaked ; for the Imsband hud not a rout , having to borrow

      t , nu from » neighbour when he went to tne shop . Think of this—a nmn who , for the best part _ofhis life , had been engaged in making _coais , nml could nut by his labour obtain one for himself ! His wife had uot a gown ; she had only an old filthy petticoat , ami a dirty rug wherewith to cover her linked shoulders . The children were much in the same cunditiou . The whole of this family were at work upon a coat—husband , wile , and children . Ded tiicy had none , but slept on the floor in a closet , on tke parings which came off thc cloth , covering themselves with the very garments which , in a few hours , might he conveyed to the shoulders of _somepriiie-patiijiered gBlitlcmau ! The poor mother died—her _hustmud grew desperate ; he conveyed liis chilu-en to the workhouse , mid lias not since been heard of . In his opinion the cooperative plan , if carried out , would rescue Wm trade fiom the thraldom niiiici' which it laboured .

      Mr . Cowley , of Leeds , gave in a report sf tha state of his district . He afterwards rendu lengthy report ( which he had _prejKvYfed _fri-m _vMiVUiil inspection ) of the sanatory Condition Of that portion of the trade called " sweaters . " An aged person , au Irishman , living in Kirkgntc , who worked for _Hjam , had his wife confined iu childbed , aud In the same-apartment there was a rag aud bone shop . The wife is since dead , und no wonder . Ths only marvel would be how any being could ever have existed in sueh a place . Tho poor tailor works iil ' uen hours a day , , _vet can scarce earn us much us will keep body and bohI together . And this worse than Egyptian slavery is endured

      in-order to swell the pride and increase th « dignity of men like Hyam , who would cover ihe land with poverty in order to enrich himself . Let me tell you of another " improvement" ( falsely so termed ) just being introduced into the trade . A Frenchman has recently introduced coats that are to be pasted together . This very week a quantity of those articles have arrived ia Le . ds . The coats are made by '' sweaters" in London . ; 'If the mastern refuse to aid us , if tliey will _tnlerat * tt system that makes llyam and Moses the arbiters of our tradu—if they can sec the ruin , aud _wiilnutuv « rt ( it—why , then , we must by eo . uptra . ioii do the work for ourselves .

      Mr . Uarliug , of Jersey , reported his section us being ia a healthy state . A humbtr of ether delegates gave in similar statements . In older to destroy the influence of Jew monopolists , it was proposed to raise a cooperative fund , to be applied to the purpose of opening depots or factories , iu which to employ the surplus _hwids how in the labour market—thus restricting the power of unprincipled capitalists ou the one hand , and affording a refuge for the most depressed portion of the trade ou the other . The first establishment to be opened in Manchester . The above _proposition _ivas transferred to a committee for further considerxtiun ,

      €Tntm Faxtillimm

      € tntm _faxtillimm

      Cmusruh Cffaisiir.—A Few Days Ago, Tlie ...

      _CmusruH CffAisiir . —A few days ago , tlie Kev . T . S . Guyer , dissenting minister of ltyde , Hampshire , died , wi _« l was to have been buried at _Jiinsk-ad _, in the game county , where two of his children arc buried . On application being made to the _rtctnr , -Mr . Jiewitt , that worthy refused to permit die burial uf the body of the deceased , jissigning a » tlio reason that tlie late Mr . Guyer was a . dissenting minister , and that he bad preached against thu Chinch of England . Thc deceased was subsequently buried in a vault prepared iu the chapel where he had so Jong laboured .

      Mkhkmkt Au . —It appears that the Pacha has decided on coming to Europe iu the summer , after the return of his son , Ibrahim Facha . _Sincular Ciucumktaxce . —As tt servant of Mr . J . Ilamlcy was driving his master ' s cows through _Bodmin-strect , one of tlicm dropped down and died instantly . In order to discover the cause of death tho cow was exumiutd by Mr . John Mudge , veterinary surgeon , when , on opening thc pericardium , 01 * heartbag , a brass pin , one inch and a hull ' in length , was seen penetrating thu fleshy substance of the heart , midway between tbe two ventricles , causing ulceration of the coats of the coronary vein , and giving rise to an effusion of blood , which coagulated around the heart , thereby forming a mechanic ;*] impediment to its action .

      1 ' hk Knights of St . John . —Ihe Courrier Franeait announces that thc principal members of the order of St . Jolm of _Jcrufalwu have been mmmoned to meet at Vienna on the 20 th of April next . It is said that the object ofthe contemplated meeting is to examine a plan prop-wed for establishing the chief scut of the order in _Algeria . If this plan be adopted a demand will be made on the French Government to grant a tract of land in Algeria for an agricultural , religious , and military establishment , on a basis which will permit the members of the order to obey tbe French laws whilst they preserve the principle of independence belonging to the order .

      _Fkotkction to _Kioiitlvc . _ilks . —A curious order of tlie police was issued at Berlin on thc 2 nd instant . With a view of preventing tbe diminution of _nightingales in tlieir natural state of liberty , it is decreed that every person in Prussia who keeps a nightingale in a cage shall pay an annual tax of ten tlialcrs ( forty francs ) , and that any person putting a nightingale in future into a cage , without giving information to the police , shall be fined thirty tlialcrs . A WmiiK in Liverpool . — The Welsh steamer Cambria arrived in Liverpool on Friday morning , having a huge Greenland whale in tow . The monster is forty-one feet in length , and was towed by the Cambria from Carnarvon-bay , where it was taken , having » ot entangled with the rocks . It will prove a rich prize . Iiaxkss or Mr . Grkgouy . —We regret to announce that Mr . _Gregory , M . P , for Dublin , has been , since Tuesday week , labouring under a dangerous attack offerer . '

      _Prkiwiutiosb tor War . —In order to expedite thc order ? at present in hand for the coast defences and thc armament intended for the Lakes on the American frontier in Canada , thirty boys were entered and set to work on Saturday , in the Royal Laboratory Department , Woolwich ; and on Monday thirty men were entered for the same department . Forty extra mechanic *? , consisting of blacksmiths and wheelwrights , and ten labourers , wcre also entered on Tuesday in the Uoyal Carriage Department , where nittiiv of' the men are now working OYer-liuic ,

      Ueckuitiso . —A Fool , —Recruiting for the army is carried on with great spirit in Leeds and the surrounding localities . Un some days not leas than six or eight young men are sworn in before tho borough magistrates . Smart is also paid bv many of the recruits . One of tliese raw novices paid smart on Monday : in the evening he regretted , and again enlisted ; and on Tuesday re-regretting , he again paid smart . Tka Trade , March 16 . —The deliveries of tea last week were not more than 479 , 0871 b ., and the market for some time past has beeu in a very dull state . Tomorrow there will be a small public sale , and it is considered by many that the offering of moderate parcels , and frequently , will be much more likely to ensure a good result .

      I AKSV . v ' s CoMl'RESBED AlR-EsolNB . —TllO _IUOtlVC power by which this engine is worked is compressed or condensed air . It is retained in receivers , and operates upon the machinery in the same way iw steam . The inventor undertakes to compress a sufficient quantity of air in a magazine or case to carry or draw for thirty miles , on any railroad , a train as heavy as any that is drawn by auy steam locomotive engine now in use . Moke Pjikvaratiohb jor War . _—Governmentorders for munitions of war have been received both by the Bowline and Low Moor Companies ( Yorkshire ) . The Bowling Company have received an order for several castings for war-steamers , and thc Low Moor Company for several cannon of large calibre . The _Emvukovi os Cuisa has issued a proclumation remitting all arrears of taxes up to the present year , amounting , it is said , to upwards ol 38 , 1 ) 00 , 01 ) 0 talcs . This act of grace is done principally in honour of his mother ' s seventieth birth-dav .

      Tub Duke dk Bordeaux left Venice on the 29 th nit . for Fronsdorf , but is expected to return in July for sea-bathing . Tub Ministerial Mkasiire in the Lords . —Thc general belief in the political clubs is , that thc measures ofthe government , for the immediate reduction and eventual abolition ofthe duty on foreign corn , will be carried in the House of Lords by a majority of from twenty-five to thirty . — Observer of Saturday . Stafford _Election . _—Lav-yeiKC Ueywoi'lh , Esq ., was brought forward to contest this election with Captain Carnegie ( recently appointed a Lord of the Treasury ) , but being convinced , from what ho observed , that his election could not be carried without a distribution of spirits , ale , & c he intimated to his committee on Wednesday that he retired from the contest . A Dr . Sleigh was then put forward by the Protectionist party , ami tho polling commenced on Friday . At the close , tic numbers were—Carnegie , 732 ; Sleigh , 25 !

      Noki : mrr _rnoTiisrAKTS keed Arrr , Y . '—flic Cork Examiner states that Major Ik-Mill's Doyle had refused five recruits , _brought ; in by the recruiting party ofthe _2-lth foot , because they were Roman Catholics ; and thatthe Major , though anxious tu get Irish recruits , only wants Protestants . Arrival or Food from Amkuica — A large American bark , thirty-nine days from New Orleans , has arrived at _Livvrpool . The cargo consists of 3 , 250 barrels of Hour , tiU 0 sacks of maize , and a quantity of salt beef and pork .

      More Mut _. dbus im Tippkrahy . — » _« have to record two more murders in the county of Tinner-art * Thc first that of _' an industrious man , ' named _Jame * Keaw _* , who as lie was proceeding in the direction of his home on the night of the 5 th lust , was attacked by three

      Cmusruh Cffaisiir.—A Few Days Ago, Tlie ...

      ruffians , who felled hiui to thc ground , indicting a fatal wound on the Jell side of the bead . No cause has been -iSMgneil for the pcrpetraii » uof tine outrage . —Tlie id her murder wus eunuuitied oii tlio night ot Sunday la _^ t _, by a party of six men , who entered thc house ofa man named Meant , and sifter first _kiinckiug hiin down with a stone , inflicting a . deadly wound , beat hiin on the head till his brains were dashed out . The Baltic—A letter , dated Feb . 23 th , has been received front _Elsinorc , by a gentleman _ofMltidll _* , stating that the weather in the Baltic was quite lil _* e spring , und that _th-arts wa- * not a vestige of ice or s : mw . The downward bound ships had ali sailed .

      Tiik Viktaub ix Portugal . —Owing to ihe entire failure ofthe Douro vintage _^ this year , there have been little more than 5 , 000 pipes marked of the lirst quality—uu occurrence _unprectdewud for a > century " 'i'l 1 B average exportation to England ( 2-1 , 000 p ipos ) taunt be made up irom Uie stock of former years . . The _Kav Shark .-On Sunday _wionuiig a . very _nnesneciiucii of that exceedingly rare _m-nsler of tlie deep , called the ray shark , was exhibited in Preston . J twas captured by a party of young men , between _Glusson and Sunderland , on Thursday , at the mouth _, ofthe river Lune . Its length iras live feet , ami the width of the j . ; ipe two foot , exhibiting a double row of true shark teeth . The owner was en route for Bolton and Manchester , expecting to _dispose ot his pt iiec tothe Natural History Society at the latter place .

      Si _* a . visii Potatoes . —A large quantity of potatoes are arriving in Ireland from Spain . Seals . —An _imiuensu number of seals have lately been seen in Dornoch Firtli . _Printers . —Three members of tlie U . S . Senate—Messrs . Cameron , Nilet _. and _Wcsicott—were journeymen printers , _Mauciiino and Chaugiso . —In marching soldier ? _,, take 75 -steps , in quick marching ISO , and in charging 150 steps per minute . The _Lasd op the Blest . —The township ofTaptou , near Chesterfield , is at this time the most

      singularly circumstanced parish or township in the county _,, ov yurluint _. in the kuiiMoKu _TUwre is neither clmrch , chapel , parson , _lawyer , doctor , public-house , or pauper , in the place . _JNor editor , we presume . Happy Land !] _Education in Nobth Walks . —We are informod by a currcspondtnt that agamehotice was lately served on one of his friendB to which the name * o ! twjntytaxsubtantial farmers in Denbighshire were _appended , _uttd that of ' the whole _numboi * only lourtecn _wsreabie to sign , their _namca . Tub Navy . —The number of seamen required by the navy estimates is 27 , 500 ; boys , 2 , 000 ; marines afloat , 5 , 500 ; ashore , 5 , 000—total , 40 , 000 .

      Fire at Hakdswohth , kbab Buohacium . —On Saturday afternoon a fire bruke out iu the _rick-yavd of Mr . Toye , farmer of Hands worth , and in . a very sliort time two ricks , one of barley , tbe other of hay , were consumed . Th « prompt arrival of the engines putaitop tothe further progress ofthe fire . The general opinion is , that it is the act of an incendiary : thedamnge is estimated at £ 100 , and we regret to : tdd tbat the owner is uninsured . A Pkbiwos _Kuhseki GifOuxD . —Tlio children of the sleeping , isle of Rattray , when they first begin to toddle about , arc tethered to a stake to prevent them from rolling oti ' into the soa ' . —Wilson ' s Voyage round Seollatid .

      Lord _Asiilet . —At the _conimiauoH of the Free Church of Scotland , on Thursday week , it was agreed ( ou the motion of Dr . _Candlish ) to send an address to Lord Ashley , as a Christian philanthropist , expressive of their admiratiou of his great services to the country . Salmo * , —The Duke of Richmond ' s _sulmon on the Spcyare selling atthe high price of 2 s . Od . to 3 s . a pound in the neighbourhood of the lishiug grounds . Sir Robert feel's late tariff has in no way _diminished the value of this noble fish . —Inverness Courier . Thu Duke is Dakoer . —On Tuesday flight , W _8 regret to _ltiam . a _sjibi' » _o _« _brakon f * . a \ one of _tlwx ta * _rcfc >/* onthe pedestal of the _Wellington statue-. This is the third or fourth case of mutilft tion which _, has occurred , and we arc Sure it would be a real gratification to almost the whole community if the perpetrator or perpetrators could be discovered . — Glatqow Argus .

      Modkrs Iourkamkxts . —The correspondent of the Athcnatum says that the tilting of Naples during the carnival proved < t sad Quixotic _btrk'sque , not one of the knights being unhorsed , since the _lttnceu were bo arranged as to double up on meeting with the slightest opposition . Extermination of Tenantry . —To add to the misery of the wretched peasantry of this unfortunate country , the landlords are ably contributing to their bitter draught . Day after day we hear of families , aye , hundreds of wretches , turned to die in the ditches by their heartless oppressors , the _limdiords of this

      country . Koc later than yesterday , we are told Mrs . Gerrard _dispossessed net fewer than 447 wretched beings—turning them upon the world , and rasing their huts to the earth . A poor man , whose familywas lying iu f ' _uver , implored to have the walls of his cabin left up in order to shelter them ; but to no purpose . A poor woman with her child at her breast , was not even allowed time to quit her domicile , and in the act of running out a b » am fell , and , we are told , killed the infant in Iter arms . If wc are correctly informed , Mr . aud Mm . Gerrard have dispossessed upwards of' 2 , 000 human beings within the last few vears . —Roscommon Journal .

      _Tnu Colombia . — The total distance from New York to the Mouth ofthe Columbia river , across the continent of North America , is S _440 miles ; to travel which at the present time , would occupy about five months . The voyage hy sea , from the same port , round Cupe Horn , to the mouth of thc Columbia river , occupies about eight mouths . Fatal Affray . —A few nights since a difference arose between two men , about a right of precedence to put corn on a kiln at the mill of _Gitnareen , near _Glantahe ; blows ensued , and some mutual friends of the parties , who happened to be present , took part—it is much to be regretted not ibr the purposes of making peace . One of the meu , named Manion , had his brains dashed out on thc spot ; and so severe were thc wounds received by the other man , that he has since expired . —Tuam Herald ,

      Mato _Electios . —The _fiosts . ciDB at _Wkstport . — The grand jury of the county of Mayo have ignored the bill against Mr . Fletcher , who had been committed on the coroner ' s warrant for having fired ai tmd killed a . _vvomaii at \ Yestport during the excitement of tho late election . Mistaken Lovk and Suicidr . —An investigation , which lasted a considerable time , was gone into before Mr . Carter on _Wnduusdny _, at the _Grove-hous _** Tavern , Camberwell Grove , on the body of Emma _Vokina , aged nineteen , who had committed suicide by hanging herself . Verdict— " Temporary insanity . *" Typhus 1 ' _kyur , wliich is very prevalent in Ireland at the present time , is also very prevalent and fatal on the continent , particularly Belgium , lseghem _, Ineelmunster , and _Meulebcke .

      Modkrh Amazoxs . —At the _Geographical Society ' s meeting in Loudon last week , a letter was read from Mr . Duncan , tke African traveller , in which he states that tho King of Ashuutee entertained him with a review of 0 , 000 female troops , whose arms , accoutrements , and performances wore truly astonishing . Clerical Wit . — " If wc go to war , father , " said a bright-eyed boy the other day to his clerical parent , " from what part of the bible shall you get the text for a new sermon V The good minister being takea by surprise at the question , thought a moment , and then smoothing the locks of the child with asortef pvternal pride , answered that he _believca it would be from Lamentationt . —American paper . Tim KixonsiiKn . —On Tuesday Mr . _Langford . oi Ncwiugtoti , shot oue of those rare birds , the kingfisher , in Battcrsca marshes . It is seldom these birds are to be found so near the metropolis .

      The _MioisTRAcr . —Mr . G . P . Elliott , of the Western Circuit , has beeu appointed to succeed Mr . Henry , at the Lambeth police court , on the promotion of the fatter to . Bow-street , vice Mr . Twyford . Wc understand that Mr . Grove , of the Greenwich police court , has tendered his resignation . Servants' _Beseyolkxt Institution . —On Wednesday a public meeting was held in thc Devon and Exeter coffee-house , Tottenham-ceurt-road , to raise a fund towards the erection of forty alms-houses , and also a pension fund , for the reception and relief of aged servants of both sexes . 1 ' vom the report react and the speeches delivered , it appeared that the founder ** of the institution intend to raise by subscriptions amongst the 13 , 500 servants that are ia the vicinity of London , and also with tho assistance of the nobility and gentry , Uie sum of 25 , 000 / . towards the above objects .

      _DtiAin or a Lady of Fortusb by Fire . —Oq Wcdiiefday an inquest was held at Toot in *; , on the body of ' Miss Harriet Newton , aged SS , a lady of independent fortune , who camo by her death by burning . It appeared that the _deesused lady was blowing the five ; iv spark is supposed to have fallen on he dress , for in a short time sho was enveloped in a body of lire . She expired in about eight hours , from tlie effect of the injuries . Verdict— " Accidental death . " _SuiClI'B TllltOtOll _PhCI-XURT DlFFICKLTIKS . — Oil Wednesday an inquest was held in Kent-street , _D-iver-i'oad , on the bodv of Mr . Benjamin Charles

      Minors , aged 35 years , lately residing at . No . 239 , Kent-street , who commiltid suicide by hanging himself . The deceased had been for some time past in a state of despondency , arising from his business having failed through another shop opening in th « snme street , which had tab en away the chief portion of liis trade . Verdict—" Temporary Insanity . " SlT / Allir . OP _CoirXTKHl'liW CoIN IS BllUMNCHAM . — 0 . 1 Sunday last the police of Birmingham look poss ( _.-s :. ion ef a parcel containing a quantity of well executed counterfeit shillings andlialf-erowus , which dad been manufactured in Loudon , and transmitted « o l ) ii _* min 'h : im for _circulalion .

      Hkcruitb vou ¦ n \ v Navy . —Thc walls of Liverpool arecttV _' _-ml with pkuswds inviting seamen to enter file ship- belonging to _iheruysl nwvy , which are now fitting out at the different naval arsenal . *' . Considerable numbers of men have entered , and » : _" t ' t ' v dwpaielwd by railway to the ports where they aro wanted .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 21, 1846, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_21031846/page/3/