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Northern Star (1837-1852), 5th July 1845, Edition 4 of 4, Page 4, We dare wager •* trifle that the most "c...

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    • Ctetfct iutrlKsente
    • THE KOKTHERN STAR SATUKDAY, JULY 5, 1S15.
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      It From The Portunity -^ . V D ,-Iand Re...

      _/ ... _Jha- 5 , is _k i — - ¦ - - _^ 7 THE NORTHERN 8 T A W . _Z * IU Hi _nURin . i _* ' * ¦ - _^ * ¦¦ _¦

      Ctetfct Iutrlksente

      _Ctetfct _iutrlKsente

      Loxuon. The Cinimst Co-Opekative Lasb _ ...

      _LOXUON . The _CinimsT _Co-opekative Lasb _ Sociwr . —A _nurocrou' ami iv _> poetab ! c public meeting was UeW in the _AsscmUv Ko : » m . 12 . -St . . M . _-iruiiV-iane on Tiwssd . iv evening , Julv 1 st , to hear an address from _Fi-araii O'Connor , F . s <\ ., ou the all-important subject of the Land . Mr . Wm . _Cuifiy was unar _. iniously called to lhe chair , and brie-ivy opened the _proceedings . Mr . Cooper , formerly of Leicester , then snug a Chartist . son ? , which was much applauded . Mr . O ' Connor , who on coming to the front of the platform was greeted with the most enthusiastic cnecriu !!' , then proceeded to address the meeting . lie 5 _% _-iid he _musi , at . starting , allude to one eircum 4 ai-. ee , that of Mr . Thomas Cooper and himself

      standing on lite same platform . If one thing more than another tt _* _aM afford pleasure to the sincere _ad-Tuttit _*? of il _«* ir principles , it was that of healing division , and causing union to reign triumphant among its advocates—( hear , hear ) , and , after mutual explanation , he was now free to confess that the difKi _*« _-Hce between himself and Mr . Cooper had originated on lis part in error and mistake . ( Hear , hear . ) -Mr . O'Connor then addressed liimself to the question of the evening , _replyiii" at « r «\ t length to the objection * _, and calumnies of Hill , Carpenter , and the _rc-t of the _disrejiui-ib _] . ? £ , i » g _iv _' _-resented jn Lloyd ' s _Tlir-eysmiy Trash . Mr . O'Connor adverted to the Land Agitation in America , speaking iu very lii « h terms of Mr . Brisbane and the other leaders

      of that mov « rent . He next describe *] the social state nf the French peasantry , whieh contrasts so favourably with that of the English , owing to the former _Iteing to a great extent in possession of the laud . Mr . O'Connor commented at great length on the plan of the Co-operative Soeiety , and concluded by challengm _: _*; discussion ou its merits . lie resumed his . H at amidst enthusiastic applause . Mr . Fuw . mi said he approved of the plan as far as it went , b » t _thought that £ 30 was too small a sum with which to build a cottage , and that two acres of land were not suilicicnt to keep a family comfortably . Mr . O'Connor replied fo these objections . Mr . Cooper then sung another Chartist song , and thanks having been voted to the chairman , the meeting dissolved .

      _jMeihoi'Oijtjx District Cocxcil . — This COUllCll met on Sunday afternoon last , at the Hall , _Tuniagaiiilanc . Delegates attended from Camberwell , Lambeth , Somers Town , aud Whiteehapel ; Mr . MalSani was cnl ' ed lo tlie chair . On the motion of Messrs Simpson aud Mills , it was unanimously agreed to , that the following brief aildress to the Metropolitan Localities not represented on this council be sent to the Star , respectfully soliciting its insertion : — "An Address from the Metropolitan District _Couiv-il to the Metrojrolitan Localities ml represented on this Council . ' Brother Chartists , wc address you on a subject which wc consider of great and vital importance , viz ., the imperative duty of all to carry out to the fullest extent the org ; uii ** ation to which they have piven their adhesion . We du ! v appreciate , and

      highly commend your noble exertions in sendiug honest , faithful , and efficient delegates to the laic Chartist Convention , men who did their duty . Toil testified your _approval of their labours by taking out cards of membership , under the organisation they decided on , whieh organisation expressly recommends the formation of district councils ; hut " in neglecting to adopt this wise and useful recommendation , we are of opinion vou have not done VOlll * ( IlltV . ToidlOW in def . iil what has been achicvcil by the _Metwipolittm District Council ; io glance at what might lie done if this council was duly and properly supported ; f o expatiate on the necessity of an am-ihj-unation and concentration of all our energies is unnecessary , inasmuch as you arc thereof already fully cognisant . * A word to fhe wise is enough . ' Signed , on behalf of the Couneil , _Jonx Aiaorr , secretary . "

      _SoMims lotv . v . —On Sunday evening last , Air . Kuffy Ridley delivered a most excellent lecture on friestcraft , at Mr . Duddridgc _' s Rooms , IS , Tonridgc-strect ; Mr . J Iarris inthe chair . The lecturer handled his subject in a masterly manner , and ably proved that priestcraft had been the stumbling-block to human progression in all ages . After the usual votes of thanks the meeting dissolved . Cmr Locaijtv . —The members of this locality met on Sunday evening last , -when the Address of tlie Central Kegisfnition Committee was read , and

      recalved with marks of approbation . A committee , consisting of the following persons , was then elected , o carry the recommendation of the Central Commitee into effeet : — Messrs . Overton , Dunn , Gover , Wilson , Rowland , and Caughlin . The business of the evening concluded hy the Chartist choir singing several beautiful bymns , composed by Mr . Cooper during his incarceration in Stafford gaol , Mr . Cooper himself leading , in his well-known talented style . The largest number of members was enrolled since Mr . O'Connor ' s lecture here in 1843 . —The sum of £ 2 4 s . fid . was received for the Land fund .

      HUDDERSFIELD . The Lam . —The weekly meeting of the committee and members of the Huddersfield district of the Co-oj > cr . itivc _laud Society was held on Tuesday evening List , at Turner ' s Temperance Hotel , Chaneiliill , when eight new members were enrolled , _mtv-ivng forty shares taken in this district . At this meeting it was resolved unanimously , that "A correspondence be opened with the secretaries of the respective district committees in this part of the West Riding of Yorkshire , to _suggest fhe propriety of inviting Mr . O'Connor to visit the district , to explain the objects whieh tho society has in view , and also the benefits and advantages to be derived from it . " "ffc hope the united solicitations of the committees of Leeds , Bradford , Iluddeisfield , Dewsbury , Barnsley , Ac , will prevail on Mr . O'Connor to grant their request . —Any communications to the Huddersfield District Committee may be addressed to Mr . John Leech , Duxten-road , _Huddersueld .

      THE POTTERIES . Phocbess of the _Lasu SociErr _*—The comfiiiitee ofthe Hanley and Shelton Working Man ' s Hall beg to inform their friends and the nublic generally that a second deposit of £ 31 os . his been made towards the land fund ; making - , in all , upwards of £ 50 wliich _Jias been paid in . They request that all who arc friendly to the above object will at once come forward aud assist- them in accomplishing this very desirable end . —The general meeting called for _rAonlay _, _JuneSt-th _, by resolution , _stinds adjourned to July 7 th , when business of the utmost importance to the shareholders will be transacted . The mectiu _? ¦ will take place at seven o ' clock preciselv _, at the house of Mr . J . Yates . Miles Bank , Shclton . _Lectcue . —On Sunday last Mr . Thomas Black lectured on the Grown Bank , on " the origin and design _ofGoreniaient . "

      DARLESTOX . _Lectctie . —On Wednesday evening last Mr . Thos . Clark delivered asecond lecture on " the Land and its capabilities . " The meeting , which was a numerous one , paid the greatest attention , and seemed to be highly interested . A branch of the Land Soeiety has been established here , and promises to do well . BILSTON . Thb _Iasp . —On Thursday evening a lecture was delivered iu the Ghartist-rooni , Stanley-street , by Mr . Chnk , of the Executive Committee . The _subject of the lecture , which Mr . Clark treated to the satisfaction ofhis audience , was "the Laud . "

      Appaixiso Mirdei*.—A Murder Was Committe...

      Appaixiso Mirdei * . —A murder was committed at Galashiels on the evening of Thursday week , under most distressing _eireunisUmi-es . The deed was committed on Mrs . Lees , an old woman of SJ years of age , by her daughter , Eaphcmia J _^ ccs , who for a number of years had been residing with her : and at no former period _had she ever exhibited the _JeastSCrerifr or lianyiip -Wards her aged parent , but had always been esteemed . for her kindness and devotion to her mother ' s wants . From inquiries which wc liave made , wc have ascertained that the daughter was _suliject fo fits of melancholy and lowness of spirits ; " and also that she was periodically afflicted with paroxysms of rage , at which periods she oceanic violent in her temper and manners . On the Sunday previous , a neighbour observed her countenance and manners to wear a different aspect , and on the

      evening of Thursday she became violent and outrageous . In fact , her whole conduct , previous aud subsequent to the tragic event , leaves not a doubt but that she was insane at the time she committed the deed . From what she admitted—andthe post mortem examination of the body confirms the statement—she l iad pounced on her mother while the latter was in bed , and thrust her hand into her mouth and throat , producing death by suffocation . When some ofthe persona who live in the same house obtained admission , the body of the old woman lay ou the middle of the floor , steeped in blood—a blood-vessel having been ruptured in the death-struggle—aud hi the bed sat the insane murderer , wiiliher hands and anus recking with blood , singing at the top of her voice , * _* " Highland Laddie . " On scing asked , what induced her to kill her mother , she answered , " I have killed the devil ; lad I not done so , I would have been in i—11 to-morrow , " words which at once indicate her

      insanity . A Russian Coot , his Cocstess , and Cnn . nr . Ex _BCB-vr auve nf theik Serfs . — We have received from Southern Itnssia tbe news of the tragical end of Connt _Apraxin , well known for his divorce from his first wife . This gentleman , who treated his serfs with unheard-of cruelty , has , together with his second wife and cliildren , fallen a victim to their vengcance-The infuriated people at midnight surrounded his castle , and having gutted it of its contents , bound the inmates , and set fire to it . The Count , who had freed himself , attempted to escape , tut was over-¦ powered and beaten to death bv this savage horde . The first wife ofthe Count _Apias-in had married an _JHonsanan nobleman , but the Pope would not give Jus consent to the marriage , which besides was not Tecognizfd by law , her first _husband being still alive . Ihe catastrophe which has taken place has now , however , removed this obstacle , and the union having been _sinctioued by the Holy See , the Countess luu _ftr-en received at the Court of Vienna , and W Truce

      Appaixiso Mirdei*.—A Murder Was Committe...

      A Nbw PitXAi _SETTtEMENT . —We are enabled to state , that authentic information has _rtnehed the colony of the intention of Government to form 7 a penal _settlement on the northern coast of Australia , bevond the limits of this colony . The exact spot has not , as wc understand , been fixed upon . Halifax Bay is spoken of as likely to f . rm an advantageous position for the purpose . The first ships , with convicts on board forthe new settlement , may be expected shortly to arrive at Sydney . A meeting , itis said , isto take place between Sir George Gipp 3 , Sir Eardicv Wilmot , and . Mr . Latvobe , the superintendent of l _' ort l'hilip , in older to t _.-iho into consideration , and report upou , the course which they may consider most advisable to adopt in the fenuation of flic settlement , aud the carrying out a judicious and comprehensive system of penal discipline . _—AustTiiliint - '

      Thk _Soucitok-Guxkiiai .. — lhe vacant place of _Solii-itor-Gciieral , occasioned hy the elevation of Sir F . Thesiger to the Attorney-Generalship , has , up to this crciinig ( Thursday ) , not yet been supplied . Kxcteii _Ki-kctiox . —Sir John Duckworth is the Ciuis _*» rrativc candidate for the representation of this citv , in the room of Sir W . Follett , deceased . The Iligh-Sheriff lias fixed tlie nomination for Monday , and the polling for Tuesday . _Aiiisunox ' Eleciiox . —Tlie candidates are the new Attorney-General , Sir F . Thesiger , who by his acceptance of the Attoniey-Gcncraiship has been compelled to vacate his scat , and on the Liberal side General -Cauifield . The nomination takes place on Monday , and the polling on the following day .

      _Baiitmoutii Election . —Dartmouth , Juu * 2 , Iblo . —Tlie nomination took place here this day . Two candidates were presented lo the electors , Mr . George MottUtt , a Liberal and Free-Trader , who was defeated by the late member , Mr . Somes , in the contest which took place about six mouths since ; and Mr . Henry 1 ' _j'insep _, a gentleman of Conservative opinions , and who , it wassaiil , had held office in India , where he had resided many yens . After the usual speeches , a show of hands was then called _forjiy the mayor , who after repeating it , the numbers being so even , declared it in favour of Mr . lVmsep . A poll wasdemanded 011 behalf of -Ml * . Moffiltt . FiXAi . State of the Poll . —Loxnox , Fridat Mor :-isg : — . Mofliitt , 125 ; lYuiscp _, 111—Majority , 1-1 .

      The Kokthern Star Satukday, July 5, 1s15.

      THE _KOKTHERN STAR SATUKDAY , JULY 5 , 1 S _15 .

      Tue Hume "Job" Axothek Re.Vsio.Veii Sai)...

      TUE HUME "JOB " _axothek rE . vsio . VEii SAi ) i > i . El > 6 S Me _fidi-lti . _Norniso is so easy for a publie man ih opposition , as to build up for himself a character for -ecoxomv , cren when he does not possess or . e single requisite to entitle him to it . Placed in a position where he has not tlie _disjiciMng of the public money ; being only a member of a body , where there is always a thundering majority to vote any " grant , " however extravagant , and impose any tax , however unnecessary : circumstanced thus , he has only to carp at the respective accounts submittal to hun ; to suggest that

      this item of millions should be reduced some . £ 5 , 000 ; to make motions for reduction which he knows will not be carried ; to propose that this insignificant clerk be dispensed with—and that that paltry tidewaiter be discharged : a " member" in opposition has only to do this , always taking care to confine his attention to the mere candle-ends of the estimates , on the principle of " take care of the _jK-nce and the pounds will take care of themselves ; " a " member " has only to act thus , and he will forthwith be looked up to as THE ECONOMIST pair mellence : and when he is satisfied by the Minister , as tothe rea

      sonablencss of any charge , or the necessity of any impost , it will be held that nobody else has % right to grumble . Such a roan is as indispensable in oar " glorious constitution" of taxes and pensions , as the Minister hinuelf . lie acts two important parts _, lie is at once a , foil for the tax-exacting Government —and a means of amusixg the people while tliey - pi . */ . He takes care to give no opposition likely to be successful in saving for the payers , nor embarrassing to those who live oa the fruits of industry absorbed out of the bauds of the producers by the engines of State : but his conduct does induce a

      belief in the minds of the simple and confiding among the people that lie is doing his utmost for tliem—because he pokes his nose into so many tittle holesseems so earnest after the fartltings— detects every plateful of cheese-parings—aud triumphantly exhibits himself as a watcher over their interests , when he has knocked off the odd pounds , shillings , and pence from a £ 6 , 001 , 025 12 s . 4 Jd . estimate for the pay of a standing army in time of peace . There are times , lon-evcr _, when his real character devclopes itself . Let a motion b « made to stop the pensions paid to the toadies of

      the aristocracy , and to those who liave prostituted their powers of wind to the service of a cor rupt and _unprincipled _j-Hmster ; _aitd the _-ECOfcoaisi will be found not to vote hi iU Complain of the heavy burden of the - £ 60 , 000 , 000 a -year taxation ; point out that . £ 30 , 000 , 000 of this is paid to the class who call themselves satiosal _ckebitohs , for having ( as they say ) performed an utter impossibility , _—iest the nation 800 , 000 , 000 of " money , " when there is not that amount in the whole world , if it was all gathered together ; adduce the fact that what they purported to lend were mere _depbeciated "promises

      to pay ; " and that they themselves were so conscious of the rotten nature of the whole tranBaction , that they stipulated that for every £ 100 they lent of this depreciated slium " money , " they should receive interest as if for £ 200 ; tell of tlie effects of Peel's Biu ., in reducing prices from 122 s . for a quarter of wheat in _1 S _12 , to 43 s . in 1845 , thus more than doubling die value of "nwncy , " aud making the producers pay the interest of £ 100 for every £ 100 of depreciated "promises '" borrowed : complain of tliis , and of its " pauperizing" and itsnational-cxistence-endanger ing effects ; adduce these facts , and propose an

      equitable abjcstmext fcetween the nation and its " creditors ; " propose that it shall be fairly ascertained vrfiat the amount of the loans really was , and that a lumccED I . MEuEST , commensurate with the present value of money , should be paid en what is actually due till the principle can be liquidated ; proposa this , and your flowing economist will be the very first to bawl out against it ; to denounce you as robbers and spoliators ; to charge you with being thieves ' m intention—worse than the I _' _cnnsylvamanKpudiaiora It will be in vain that you show him that bare justice to the payers of the taxes demands that this should be

      done ; that , by the present system , tuet are _hobbed of four times the amount they ought actually to pay , admitting ( for the nonce ) that they owe something of a debt which tliey never contracted ; it will be in vain that you show that unless the course you propose is pursued , all talk ef ecosomv is mere idle wind ; it will be in vain that you show that tho soldiery , with all their £ 6 , 000 , 000 a year expense , ore necessary to keep down commotions and insurrections , prompted by the poverty of the people from whom the means to pay" the national creditor are collected at the point of the bayonet ; it will be in vain that

      yon show that armies of police are raising in evevy direction , to aid the arm of " authority , " _^ becoming weak even when backed by the SWOl'tlS aiid IHUskets ef 100 , 000 men ; it , will be in vain that you demonstrate , that the most expensive parts of tlie system i » u . _«* be maintained , if the £ 60 , 000 , 000 is to be col lected , but whicli would become useless and unnecessary if _ueduciios were made in the proper quarter it will be in vain that you do all this , making it as plain as the nose on your face ; still your prime eco-. \ _oMisr will disregard it all—and meet you only by

      the cry of plunderer and thief ! Be is , _essentially , a jyart of the system . With its existence his own is bound up . lie knows that your proposal , if agreed to , ' would remove the tax-enters from off the industry of the country' , leaving what tlieyww live on _toboen joyed by the producers and the distributors of wealth _, lie knows that the slugs and caterpillars ofthe State would fall aud droop away , _Jifcc lice from off a gooseberry bush when smothered in smoke . He knows all this—and that he himself would sujir vsilli tl ' mi and , therefore , kc _catinot bear to hear of " scokcwt " in that direction .

      Precisely such a character as this , is Mr . _JosErii-JUvme . - For now a period of thirty years has he played the character of" first-rate eco . tomist . " He has been the most eminent mddler that ever at I :-: :. ; :. _: < . • - 7-: r _,:-:-. " . \ _, - :. ! ..., - .- 'a _« ,:: _«„ , _*>

      Tue Hume "Job" Axothek Re.Vsio.Veii Sai)...

      GREAT in _littlf '; B _w _f indee ( ? _™ rthr si 2 ht to see liim deeply engaged la . the _slulungs-aud-penee columns of " an account , " descending to every little minutia , even to the half farthings , while the millions of pounds in it . were dismissed , as if too insignificant to look at . . Hundreds of motions ks Joseph made , just tote able to say he had made them f ?» tll < m withdrew them , " without troubling the house _flU _** . i division . " But it would be impossible throughout the whole of his " Economical" career , to poiut out one single instance where he fairly grasped the subject of Economy , and attempted to effect a saving that would have been felt by the people in diminished i ¦ ¦* _* _**¦*¦

      taxation . To the candle-ends and _the-chcesc-parings has his " Economical" attention been exclusively directed * , except indeed on occasions when other members have essayed the real question , aud submitted motions that would have _resulted in a diminution of the burdens of the people . Then Joseph was the man to oppose . " He was , as every one knew , a rigid Economist . He would yield to no one in that particular . If there was any one thing for which he was distinguished from another —[ always conveniently forgetting all about the Cheek FIE ]—it was for his love of Economy . But then his economy was always ' practical' . He did not aim at what he knew could not be effected , lie confined his attention to the

      points where little savings could be effected , without detriment to _tluffpublic service . The proposition so ably —[ ably * , always think of that . It is very cheap to say so much respecting the speech of an opponent , and it has a wonderful effect , if you compliment a man before you fetch him a back-handed blow in the chops]—the proposition so ably moved by the Hon . Member did not do this . It involved charges and arrangements which could not be effected without producing turmoil and confusion to the whole system of government : and therefore he " could not support it . " Thus has many an honest proposal been

      shelved—and many an incipient troublesome customer had his legs knocked from under liim . There is no oppositioa so fatal to a public man as the " damaging support" or the patronising disagreement of an " economical friend . " The one is sure to land him in the mire of defeat ; and the other will effectually prevent his rising above a _wrj common level , unless lie has the tact and the _determination , to take his _wptlMSOl * hy cite neck , dangle liim tip io public view , shew him masked and hooded as he

      really is , and then quietly skufi 1 him out like one o / the farthing" candles he has so long delighted to dabble amongst . This is the only mode of getting rid of " the people ' s mail" it'ith the wet blanket . Deal firmly and energetically witli . Him , and he soon feels and finds his utter insignificance . Ho soon finds that the deference paid to him was pdMy conventional—appertained to thecharactcr he had asstimcd an _* l was not commanded by the intrinsic worth of liis mind .

      But " Ecoxomical" _Joskpii has lately appeared in another character . Finding that his old dodge of piddling with the estimates has been thoroughly smoked—thoroughly appreciated , he has ventured out in another line . After having spent a pretty long life-time in small endeavours to save the public money , without much success , he determined to try his hand at _uxrExoixG it * . and , sorry are we to record the fact , with better success than he even wished for in any ofhis efforts in the saving line . He bad but to make his motion , and forthwith it was agreed to . True he did not withdraw this " without putting the House to the trouble ofa division . " He did not content himself with merely

      moving it , that he might boast of it after wards . The request he made—that a man who had no claim oa u » should be pensioned on the / public purse—was at once acceded to : and the poor inmates of tho Coal Holes in Bradford and White-abbey have to thauk Mr . Joseph Hume that their industry is taxed some £ 1 , 500 a-year , because a man named Pottikoer has succeeded in beating the Chinese for their endeavour to take satisfaction of " our merchants" for smuggling into their dominions a demoralising aud physically-debasing drug ! While toiling in their bed-chambers , over their charcoal fires , with their sick wives laid exposed to their gaze , aiid the dead bodies of their children "laid out" in the same

      apartment , they will have the satisfaction of knowing that £ 1 , 500 a-year is partly raised from , tftem to keep in luxury a man whose only merit ia that fie wa * successful in war against a people who had been so long at peace ihat tiiey knew kot how to _jioht And they will have this satisfaction heightened hy the refection that this last drone has been palmed outheiu through * U _» _exftrtions of Mr . Save-Jerrv Hvme !

      The facts ° f - * ' 13 ca 3 e we just these . To Sir Henrv _PoiiisGEn was entrusted the "management " ofthe dispute our Gov _? rflmenf ; had with China , when that people refused to subn _?** t , lc smuggling of " our merchants" in the teeth of _fteirlaws and regulations . After due and repeated warding , _tiit Chinese seized a large _Quantity of opium thus attempted to be smuggled into their dominions , and confiscated it . For tliis act of justice and true policy , our Government demanded ' compensation ; and because the Chinese refused to pay the woree than highwayman ' s demand , vessels of war were sent out

      against them , and some of their towns and cities battered to the dust , and their junks burnt to the water ' s edge . When the Chinese found that they could not cope with us in war , they acceded to speedy terms of peace , and . entered into a treaty of commerce , which placed this nation' in afar better position thau she had before-time occupied in relation to the people we had wronged . Sir Henbt Potiinger was this country ' s Plenipotentiary in the negociation of this treaty : and because he was ao ; because , as such , he only 3 i _# Ms duty ; because , as such , he obeyed the call of patriotism , and made the best bargain in his power for his country ; because he did only what he was receiving his country ' s ample pay for doing , and for neglecting to do which he would have been a traitor :

      because lie only did this , Mr . " Ecoxomical Hume , " of all men in the world , moved an address to tlie Queen , " praying" that she would be " graciously pleased to signally reward such eminent services , " & c ., iic . i and the Queen ,, "being desirous of conferrmg some signal mark of favour and approbation on the right hon . baronet Sir Henry Pottinger , 6 . C . B ., in consideration ofhis eminent services , and particularly on account ofthe zeal , ability , and judgment displayed by Mm as her Majesty ' s Plenipotentiary in _negociating a treaty of peace and commerce with the Emperor of China , recommended the House of Commons to concur in enabling her Majesty to mako provision for securing to Sir IlENiiY _Potti . voer _apension of £ 1 , 500 a year , for _tlte term of hit natural life . "

      Aow , all this might have been allowable , if it had been out of the pocket of the Queen that the said £ 1 , 500 a-ycar was to have C 01 U 0 ' _Ml'Oviding she had worked for it ' oefore it got there ; but when it does not so come ; when it is out ofthe public ' puree that it has to be taken ; when it is out of that exchequer / to replenish which thousands have to go without the commonest necessaries of life , and pig in the stews and COAL-HOLES of Bradford

      and other of our large towns , that this pension "for the term of his natural life" has to be paid : when this is the case , and when there are laws on the statute-book avowedly framed to " reduce the working people of England to live on a _coai-scr sort of food , " , then the whole thing becomes a scandalous shame to allcoiicwned , ' from Suoy-Hor _Hitme down to Sir I _& _BBBrPjffl-fc , who advised "Her Majesty ' ' to sc * k the concurrence of the Commons in " granting" £ 1 , 500 a-year of other people ' s money I

      '• The whole thing is indefensible on any principle of justice towards the tax-payers . Here was a man , paid for hit services ; who accounted the pay high enough , by his acceptiiig the undertaking at the price ; who did so _sions tiiax his duit ; who would have bccR liable to severe and condign punishment , had ho done tow : here was this man , so circumstanced ; not wounded " in his country ' s service ; ' _*' not worn-out ; not disabled ; not rendered incapable , or evu ! - _hvjo ; _- . b ; .. _- , \ j _iullbiv other cs . ii > Io"mc _* it , ' n ; t

      Tue Hume "Job" Axothek Re.Vsio.Veii Sai)...

      rather more likely to receive it from the opportunity afforded Mm to signalise his worth ; here was this man , under these circumstances , made a rs . vsiosEB on tho people ' s industry for " the term of . his natural life , " however long that may be , and whether he may be engaged in other employment or not . Is not this monstrously unjust , —narticulnrly when we ie _" memberthat there are no pensions for _tiie workers ! _nOimvAims for industry-no provision even forthe destitute _poob but the hated bastile , with its workhouse dress , its bone-crushing mills , its starvation dicv < aiul its separation of those who have pledged tbcmWy winBfo " To live and love together !" . . _ _^ - _^^ _^ _= === === _^ — " , _~ .-.-: ~ -- . .. . ... _lt * . , „ : _?«

      wi i > t not at * . _•*¦ ' of baseness unmatchable-an act « pai _;^^^ tbe impudence to stick «* * ho J " ** » _*»*»*» elaimon the people ' s means , C _:. to _> epeoples back , there to remain for " the term _o- lus natural life , while he , the same Brows-Bread _IU-me _, has been the most unblushing supporter , andthe most brazen defender of _bastiles for the _roon—who only are poor because their means have been taken to pay the idle pensioners , aud other drones who live on them without labour ? *

      Let no one say that the amount in this case is not very large- " only £ l , 500 a-year , " and that that is bat a small item out of the £ 00 , 000 , 000 a-ycav . Large items arc made up of . small ones ; and small as this rExs . o . _v for life is , when compared with the annual amount of our taxation , it is just _iqwri half of the amount of the salary the America is give their Presedeni for presiding over and conducting the whole concerns of their Government ! That people don't pension their public officers , nor allow them retiring salaries . Tliey pay thorn for their services while they are in office ; not extravagantly , but reasonably , and when

      the services are withheld or dispensed with , the pay ceases , as it ought to do . Their Presidents for instance : —While iii office _tkey receive tho salary of office , a salary not equal tothe amount paid to onr _Gi'ii-CAW , " but still equal to the real wants of the Head Magistrate of a great and powerful people _. And remember that this functionary in the States is not a mere puppet , lie takes an active part in governing . He is indeed the centre and main-spring Of the whole . IJe is not liko some little body that could _bonametl , denuded of all . power ; unable to choose '"" i- chauiber attendants . ; a mere painted

      doll , for the Minister to p _!^ With , ' _&* . _Piwulent of the United States is not like tliis—but xhs sW > ' »—the soul , of his Cabinet , acting for the people , and making that people known and feared to the end of the earth : and though he has not a " civil list" of £ 170 , 000 , including a " pr ivy _pUl'SP" Of _ifiOD _. OOO , still lie is able to perform the functions of governor , and set an example in this way too which it would be well for some nations to follow . Nor is it found that the £ 5 , 000 a-year only for the American President prevents talent from being engaged in the service of

      the American people . While they can boast of their Wasiiiscioss , their Jef _* _febsoss , theif Madis ' ihs , their Mot-roe ' s * their Jackso . vs , tlieir _Vas-BurkM ) and their Polks , they may safely contrast them with our Catholic-hating , man-hanging , debt-contracting , mao George ; or our wife-repudiating , Green-bag concocting , sensual , bloated , rotten " Fum j me Fourth ; " or our simple , silly , shilly-shally "Reformer ; " or our nameless vixen , who « Threw a cup of tea in his _fuee ,

      _I'oldodol !" and _slaved Miss Marshall , the Mill-owner ' s " maid of honour . " They may safely leave tlieir Presidents to be judged of by posterity in contrast with the wearers ofthe diadem in the "Mother Country , " even though they do allow them only £ 5 , 000 a-ycar , without the " privilege" of either pension or retiring salary . To secure talent , it is not there necessary to hold out these inducements _•* . and were they abolished with us we should find far more manliness—far more energy of mind and character—far more of self-reliance and less of effeminacy and namby-pambyism

      among our public ' officers and legislators than pre _^ vails at the present day . _Isitnota national degradation , that this " great" country should be governed by a man of whom the best that can be said is , that he is a " sublime mediocrity f" Is it no satire upon our "high aiid haughty" aristocracy , that not a member of their body ,: immediate or distant , ' Can be found to dispute rowan with the son of a cottonspinner . ' who is not possessed of a spark of genius ; who has not an atom of originality in his composition ; who is merely , a plausible adapter of other men's ideas , and an advantage-taker of

      circumstances , so as to govern without . any of the high and ennobling qualities requisite to constitute a gover _norj The fact is , that _JoxtiWonsne-ss and _dissipal tion hsve ei . erVi . _i . h * the aristocracy—made them a pciirile and a contemptible body- _~ split them up into powerless sections , without mind of energy , without union or concert—and- degraded their very " House " itself into a mere " guard-room , " with an old doting " Field Marshal" for a commander . The extrava . gance au reekless squanderings of tlio public money , ill to . *? ' _^ P -3 ° * n Sa salaries , pensions , allowances , grants * , dead-weight , and sinecures , has mainly contributed to 7 _* fle" P S wld « _'ing and spread of

      tlie dissipation that has _wicked 2 » ch lamentable results : and the abolition of near '/ all Oi " these modes of living oii ; the industry of the _people , throwing the recipients-of unearned incomes " on iJeir own re __ sources , " will be of immense advantage to' the Go _VER . _VORS of the country as well as to the people * who are now taxed to death to pay them . Talent , und *? . ' such circumstances , will seek for employment . Misd will mako its way . Mediocrity would have to succumb te genius ; the General would have to give _ivay to the statesman and the Governor ; and we should have a GoYernmentrespDctable aiid respected , because able to command respect .

      The-Land. On Wednesday Night Mr. Cowi-Un...

      THE-LAND . On Wednesday night Mr . _Cowi-un again brought forward his * Field Garden Allotment Bill , when , as usual ; every one of the " free trailers" were up in arms against the measure , all agreeing that wages alone should constitute the hope , the stock , the store , and tho all ol the working man . That petulant economist RoiiuucK headed the opposition , aud received a severe and well-merited castigation from Mr . _Shabman Crawford , * but what we much prefer to the reputation of the speculative notions of would-be economists , U . the . positive and irrefutable statements of practical men . ' . '' - We , therefore , attach much more importance to the following short speech of Mr . Masoles than to the wholesale rubbish ofthe member for the borough of Bath : —

      Mr . R . D . _Maholxs denied that wages were the sole support of ike agricultural labourers . In many parks of tlte country the labouring classes could get no wages , owing to want of employment for them . It was only a fortnight since that lie had met a countryman _fu hlS _OWU district who told liim ho had not had a day ' s work for a week past . TVould the hon . and karned member tell the house where the labourers were to get wages under sueh a state of things . He bad spoken of the bill as tending to lower the condition of the agricultural labourers ; but he could show him that one of the worst symptoms ofthe present

      imas was the hopeless condition of tU _» labouring agricultural classes . - The shopkeeping classes were in a fatbetter position ; he would ahow that where one agricul - tural labourer raised himself above his condition , fifty _slitpkcoper * effected' that objact ; Hu never knew a single instauctt of aa _wj-tic-Alt-ival labourer raising himself above that condition whodid not effect that end by means of tho allotment system . Under the administration of the Poor Lai ™ , and by the operation of-tbe law of settlement , tho agricultural labourers had become the most helpless class in the whole kingdom .

      . That is a very sensible speech , and from it welearn that for every man who makes the fortunes upon which fifty retire from business , not more than one toiler is placed'in the same position , and then only by means of * a bit of- land . In'fuith , this knd _tjueatldnia ' making Us way : Lord Lincoln is engaged in enclosing Ui 6 ' rfcttaimng portion of the people ' s commons with a _oxu hundred asd _sixiv-ose cuusb power ; and in au article in a ' recent number of tho Times , _descriptive of the lightness and looseness , the stringency . and . laxity of the proposed measure , we find the following four lines and a half , which , to our mind , is worth all tins speeches ever made in Parlin-! U - . _' ! i . _i _-pai ; i \ : i _= _; := _';< _•!! , ; _Jlc-. v Us , " . :. , ¦ . * , : 7 ,, _; l _,., ; - ov ,,.,

      The-Land. On Wednesday Night Mr. Cowi-Un...

      - _^ . v _,-iand read them , and remember _workmu _fflsn -A * _,- ° tIie r _^ w , that isi read by every that they cam * * ironv _, _^ _^ ff 0 rld that can read man , woman , and m \ , ogUa _*| ue to the proprietors and tliat the thing of gn » v - _^; , tliafctlio = « is a good guess upon coming .. - _^ a close guesses are , fov the most part , .. . pilti \ ng ol watching of passing events , and a j . . ] m the " THAT AUD THAT " together _WCU . i" _0 ¦ following , worth any money :- ' _^ . ' Aut tbh »' WS ARK INCLINED TO HOPE THAT LOW DJ » _^^ CLEROTMAX , CHURCHWARDEN , OVERSBKR , AW . _^ ARE ABLE TO ADMINISTER THIS BIU , - _M * _» WILL BE ADLE TO GET AS 3 _TOCJI UKD AS Witt _« _^ KU _& USE TO HIM WITHOUT ITS . ASSISTANCE * We shall not add one word to this prophecy , based HPon the knowledge _ofapeople'swisliaiidapeopk poTcr-of accomp lishment , when they wish m the _richt direction . . _^^ _m _^^ = _^ T ~ _^^ _- v land _reaa them , and remember _WArli-tni ? lflan _Ifl * ? .. „ _..-. . i , „ _i ,- _«>««! bv every

      Shout Houhs. , „ «Mp Iwt The Su Vjcct Of...

      SHOUT _HOUHS . , _„ « _mP iwt the su Vjcct of early skop-shut- _. „ , g , ana J ® _-fJJJLed the attention of _thewelllabonr _. hiw emueiien _^ argume _mfnmcaning am . ' _^ _g _^ _fco ur gent and obvious . vour ot such , * _Jg _,, the . general merits ol Without at all c _i \ _Xthcre is one argument wliich , the question , we - _™ t" _£ t riot met with that coni not overlooked , h _« J _^ _„ _,, ( leseVrcS . it , s all _sideratton which itt ' . _^ ay and leisure fo r _moad very . wel to talk of _k " raent to inch prepared to led and intellectual improyt . " but wo , 1 Ced scarcely the force ot such _positio ' kind _^ _^^ iraplj remark that views ol th >\ flr _^^ _n _fy them , unknown to many masters , _° nd extravagant . from whatever cause , ass _viaumv r ; opose _toarenefor It is tor this reason that we now * , _^ „ round > We short hotirsiipon a purely econom . » rkbend a design to show that any extension <»«• . led wiih _\ m man ' s ordinary physical powers _isi _attfe ifljlB to his employer , and that any _reduetioi- > n We !!„! . _= , " * . _4 ' nllnwml hv a _cnirCSDOndlli'K & i . o

      ..-mean , in other words , to establish , _^ . _^ _li-nito us , that men worked considerably _wirkhin _Jfj' _^ , of their power perform a . greater amount . of laoom , and execute it more satisfactorily ; that . _^ yar ' _--more intelligent , more apt to comprehend , m _^* tivc . and more inclined to be obliging , than v _«* who are worn-out and tagged by long and _incessi . _" ' It is evident , if a man be overworked to-day , that to-morrow he will be less able for his average labour ; and that if a system of overworkiiur be persisted m , the period will be hastened when he shall be totally unfitted tor that species of labour , or belaid aside by disease . The same reasoning holds true m _rcfereneo to time . If ten hours a-day he the average at

      which a man can work cheerfully and well , then twelve hours will render him dull and fatigued ; and thou . 'h he mav continue at the work , ho will not do one whit more , or , if ho should do so one day , it will !„> or' ilie expense of the' labour of the next . J his oa at . _* .. i -. - - _,. _ _:- . f , machine , whose is viewing Hutu . Is a mere _aiu ..... J _*** f ¦ \ im \ te < \ thews ana sinews are capable of exerting a .... amount of force , and to which we can apply the _niCehanieal axiom , " that greater power cannot be gained but at the expense of time , and time cannot be saved but at the expense of power . " But this reasoning will not altogether apply to an intelligent being * and , in estimating tho amount and duration of human force , we must take into account the

      inseparable attribute of mind . There is scarcely atiy specics of labour—certainly none of the mechanical or mercantile—but requires care , vigilance , ingenuity , reasoning ; and these are qualities so intimately depending upon a sound and vigorous bodily ¦ miem , that it were folly to look for them from an ovCMiisked and worn-out man . Reasoning in the abstract , then ,- wc think it very palpable that any master mart be a gainer , both in the amount ol labour and manner of execution , by exacting from tho workmen he employs rather under than above the average time during which their attention and activity can be maintained , / _iniong tlie many practical Illustrations of this doctrine , few could be mors

      directly applicable than the following , which recently canio under , our notice . In Fifeshire ,. where the hours of the ploughmen are of average durationnamelv , during _daylight in winter , and from five to six , with a breakfast and midday interval , at other seasons—the men , as a class , are active , energetic , and well-skilled in their various duties , fir activity wc * will back , them against any similar class in tho island , and tho trial of skill which a few years ago came oil' between twenty of them and a like number from the Lothians ( a pro-eminent agvi _,-cultural district ) , places them foremost on tho list at least as ploughmen . In Strathearn and the Carse of Gowrie , on the ether hand , where the hours of labour

      are notoriously Jong , the farm-labourer seems to be quite tbe antithesis ofhis brother in Fife . 'A farmer in the latter county , a few yearn ago , engaged two of the first-rate Carse hand 3 atthe highest wages , and placed them at the general labour of the farm along with seven native ploughmen . In a few weeks the difference between the , impotteawi the _natives be . came painfully apparent ; tor , with every _deposition to oblige , they neither performed . somuch labour , nor executed it SO well , nor with so . much alacrity , aa the latter . "I ' ve had enough of your C _»* rae men , !' . said tho farmer to us one day . and his reason was as nearly as possible in the following words ;— " They ' ve got a wretched system of long hours in the north : they

      work the very spirit out ot their men , and so it is that these have not half the smeddum ( smartness ) of our Fife lads . They ' ve neither the same skill nor activity , and when a push comes , I would make my foreman work round a couple of them . " But you'll find them very willing and obliging ? " Oh yes , they are patterns iu that respect , and are certainly not so independent in their war as our ciwn blades ' ; but they want the energy and aptitude , aud really don't give their work the same finish . For one order that I have to give my own men , I hav ? to _giye Vw to thein . They'd hang as long as I like at ' _tlie " plough-tail , but I want through-put ; and so commeud me to ray own men and reasonable hours . " Now , these arc not the

      preachings of any of your sentimentality men , but the plain words ofa hard-driving money-making Scotch tanner , who saw from this comparison the obvious advantage to himself of Keeping his men on short hours , and of never exacting from them more than they could do cheerfully and welh Tho same argument _appliea to every species of kibnur _. and with double force to those , employ ments which require intelligence aiid care . As soon as the body begins to tire , the spirit droops / the attention flags , and if positive carelessness does not supervene , there follows at all events a _dulness and lethargy which are anything but favourable either to amount of work or to manner of execution . Nor _ean there

      beany remedy for this but rest and repose . Itis true you may apply artificial stimulants ; but these , too , will shortly fail ; and their i » w « nly renders the bodily system of their victim the les » capable of being re-invigorated . These remarks , apply . in a special manner to in-door labour , where the _longrhours abuse is more frequently seen , notwithstanding that arcstrained position of body ,, want of _fvesa air and ventilation , should be potent _argumenta for a course quite the reverse . Nor do we argue upon mere theory , for in this case , * as in the other , we havo fortunately a most convincing illustration at hand . It is that of a large spinning-mill , situated beside a _coi'atryYillageforthesakeofwater-power , andinwhicli

      th _* _s hours of labour' are from . six in the . morning till seven at night ; deducting an hour for breakfast and another for dinner , thus reducing the _heu-rs of actual work to eleven—a space still too long , but considerably shorter than that required in any other of the neighbouring _faclories . In addition to ' this , reduction , the wheel is stopped at live o ' clock on Wednesdays and at three on the Saturdays ; three half days a-year are allowed for fairs , two days for churchfasts , two for New Year ' s Pay and Handsel Monday , and one for the anniversary of the . mill ' s erection—an event seemingly _ of great local importance . Now , however small this may seem to some , it is in reality an amount of freedom and relaxation not enjoyed , so

      far as we are aware , in any similar establishment . And what , according to the owner , has been the resu . t ? Not a single spindle of yam less , a great reduction of _dissase , better executed work , femier aee _* - ttents of damage to the machinery , a more orderly and more obliging set of workpeople , besides the satisfaction that he is contributing in some -degree to the happineis of his fellow-creatures . It may seem contradictory at first sight , that a reduction' of hours in such an establishment should not be followed by a diminution of produce ; a little reflection , however , will clear

      away the dubiety . The last two yeara' wage-book shows the merest trifle of absence from ill-health ; tbe lessening of damage has caused fewer _ste _^^ e- _* , and even a greater degree of speed can be obtained , inasmuch as the attention of the workers is never relaxed by long and tedious confinement . The stoppage ou Wednesdays permits the women to attend a little to their domestic concerns , while it allows , the mill to be cleaned and the machinery to be overhauled : the advantage * of the Saturday afternoons are too obvious to be adverted to . .. _* ¦ ' ¦ - ¦¦ _. '> . '

      From these examples ,- then , we think it sufficiently obvious that , moderate hours are conducivo alike to the interests of employer and _emplsyed . The latter enjoys more the life of a rational creature , and the former rather adds to , than subtracts from , his gains , inasmuch as he has the same amount of work , and has it more highly aud more carefull y finished . It may be urged , to be sure , that then J » 110 tiring of the _steam- _^ _hgU-ie and machinery , and that tho longer _thttH ravolve , tk « larger th » smoant of _wtiluee

      lilts would be true and just it the machine were selfacting ; but in nineteen cases oat of twenty , it requires the regulation and aid « f human \ _mtm _% . H » d it is to these that our argument _applies We have no objection that a man work _hwmacfeinjery tiU every wheel and axle be worn to . a skeleto & _j . foil its place can be readily supplied ; what we _wudemn » the grinding of workmen to m similar ¦ i-SRdttion _, -when it is obviou * that an opposite c / _jursft » in / the long-run the more adnuitftgeoin . 'Cue s _. teiun ean _bo'lutim : > t

      Shout Houhs. , „ «Mp Iwt The Su Vjcct Of...

      _v , orn-out man cannot be renewed by any _sw _^ * : eess . he must ; have leisure and rep 05 C - and X " this is denied l » _im ,. kis ; bodily nieckni sni _> s orlly become diseased and impotent , Itfe 3 t _sorrv excuse for the cmh oyer to urge that , as C » _MdOttt _someioi-ty or _Wfrrthousandpounds j * . J _chinery , so he must "keep up the steam , ' - j * . * the more speedily torepay . himselt ; nordoes it t _^ ' J his position to put as he ' sometimes done , the _, _„ _£ tion-Would you have all that machinery to be J ployed only ten hours out of _tne-twenty-four ? \ V _| _, J indeed , is the use of machinery , if it . be not to lc _^' the amount of human labour and amflwry . Z . hut the purpose of the . invention ot _niiiid , if ; , J _^ _IiTn , an ca nnot be _rcneived by any . _simij" ' _^ rn must - hftve 1 ? { ? ur e and repose - rr *! . _% . _liinipd . him ., his bodily mecham ' sm '' .

      not to increase the amount ol our comforts and I ,, * nines « It would appear , were we to admit the i mments of some folks , that the purpose of _maehi * i * . _^ rather to enthral than to exalt mankind ; nJ . ! - > ous that many manual enjoyments , such s is cm . t | ) C mason , joiner , slater , labourer , and ii those M . . ! iavc custom sanctioning the labour k . 'kc , si _*™* -, with breakfast and dinner int _«> from six to sa . : have becu callcd int * _waL while those which ¦ _^ toA like siavcs _JJ machinery _uw _^ _tijs 0 i imits . N . ™ " _" Ef & workmen feel _tlgwjj _^ _H [ hei „„ ., f _,, rn to some other employ . _ueni . is it ug _) l ( ,

      any man , because he has power m . ' «« , to nl , _aif \ l I or ctm the fact of a tew _thousanu pounds _^ sion dissociate him from his Mow-men , _ff tui _^ of the reciprocal duties wluchi tlio _necessities o ! 0 ttt condition have imposed ? Every argument V _& militates against the great law ol brotlierly _lorcanut be unsound ; and it is only because this Jaw- is but too little respected , that thero ' is so much of iu . eauality , oppression , and poverty amonss * , as . _Against this view of short Hours of-labour itis sometimes urged , ' that "if ten hours can be proved to be more advantageous than twelve , would not eight or six be more advantageous still—and where , then

      were the limit to the diminution _? lins species of reasonin g is entirely beside the question . A certain amount of labour is to be performed , . by an ago * having limited powers ; there must be an average at which this power can be exerted , and our _amm-at only goes this length , "that It is- more prohtabl p to tax these powera within than beyond this ascertained average" In dealing with human power , we . cannot apply the mathematical formula by which wc calculate the force of gravity , of heat , or anj ; other _puiW » physical agent ; but we must regard it as a po » ef imbued with mind , aud as a power which nature _reinviixorates by one process , and one alone . A » ain .

      j it is said that any additional leisure would in aii ¦ ikelihood be devoted to idleness or dissipation , but , | j _^ _uding upon past experience , we have no ground fV- _** _-ch a decision . It would not be idleness , _^¦ L _fy . V the toiled mechanic to betake himself to the fields - * ' lJ ianes iw timi a ' ' > rl ) Jcl 1 tlie I ' cnl-u P workshop de _tii' _^ i nor would it he dissipation to indulge in the h _: rmlcs s g 3 _" " * he _pflliho green , or in the amusement * - ol our halls and _lecturc-toCW , Or , granting that some _, T ? re t 0 dissipate , are we to withhold from eighty a _jusi uiidiiatut _^ boon _hqqmz twenty ehoose to abuse it ? Tlie truth is , thai where there has been little time for mental culture , we are not to wonder at some little abuse of any new nmilege .

      and WO can onlv hope for the _rectihcation ot such faults when nleh _' _iiavd more _leii" _™ * oh »™ -ftto modes . A holiday te our popnlaOou _* . at Prf _»"' •» » boon so seldom granted , that it acts upon t , iem llK . _e intoxication ; and any extravagances they may co . _! 1 " 11 ' should be laid to this account , rather than to any innate disposition to absurdity and folly . Hut be this as it may , wehave takeu up the reduction ofthe horn's of labour upon other grounds—namely , its obvious advantage to the masters themselves—throwing * aside altogether every consideration as to humanity , and leisure for moral and intellectual culture and we leave it for the reader to determine whether our reasonings be in any degree corroborative ofour fminmn

      We Dare Wager •* Trifle That The Most "C...

      We dare wager •* trifle that the most " constant reader" wo have , has not hitherto suspected that tl article he has been rcaa j . ' . _' 5 is not ° _f the Editor of tlw Star . The philosophy of it _WJU * _^ e as familiar to liim " as a household word "—it having _ksiii i 7 _SBkiV enforced on his attention during the _seven-and-a' 4 'ilt years that the Northern Star has been in existence : ' nnd there is nothing observable in the article itself to induce a doubt that it is not from our usual manufactory , unless indeed it be that the style is somewhat more froo and polished than that in whicli the reader is wont to be addressed in these pages .

      The confession , however , that it is not ours would but tend to puzzle the reader , were we to leave him to " guess" the source whence we have derived it . We might safely do so , —were we inclined to enjoy hi * bewilderment , —without much chance of his " hitting on . " We dare give him the whole of a "factoryday , " the " last two hours " and all , wherein te tax his best powers of " guessing , " without fear that ho will approach within one hundred miles ofthe reality . He might run the whole British _pffis through and through , without once tliinkinj _; of naming Chambers ' s Journal as the source whence we have derived an article of that stamp . Such an idea wouldbe most unlikely to cross his mind : and bis amazement would only be equalled by his gladness when he was told that such was the fact .

      Who that remembers tho infamous " philosophy of ¦ wages" taught in the tract of " Chambers ' s , " so well dissected by Mr . 0 'Cos . _von , and the hard sort of Political Economy almost constantly inculcated by that firm throughout their numerous publications ; who that remembers this , could imagine it possible that an article , breathing the spirit of the abovo , and having for its object a high beneficent purpose for the despised worker * could have obtained admission into the pages of a journal conducted by men who have done so mud * to popularise \\ _xe _inhunjan

      dogmas of _Maltlius , and assert the superiority of Capital oyer . Labour . * . Who _COllld have expected that those who have held and maintained that " Capital is justified in taking every advantage to keep down the price of Labour , " would be found pleading that the sentient intellectual being should not be . trenched like the iron machines of tha mill ; but that Bio ' latter should actually bo mado to wait on the convenience ano ! comfort of their animated attendants ? Yet so it is . But it is only proof that the question of humanity has made such progress that even Malthusians themselves are forced to

      become its advocates , and _acksoTrlcd ge its high and just behests . . As . the Herald weU ' _said last week , "the _iuush of the cause has _cari-ie * d it forward : " made even those , whose philosoph y regar _« fe not man only as an instrument for the production of wealth , confess that the claims it makes for time to recruit exhausted nature , for due recreation and enjoyment , and for the cultivation of the intellectual and moral faculties . are neither " visionary nor extravagant . "

      ' Yo the reasoning of the writer in Chambers ' s it i * not necessary to add in the slightest degree He manfully grasps _«» _-. _vkolo question , and works it thoroughly out . Not content with the enunciation of Journal p „„ cip so pWlI , stBted and w _^ _- _^ as to carry with them general consent , he adduce * mm , andsho _^ _fromactual / _art _thateven _sondid cupidity has nothing to fear from the doing of wm ratcly worked is far greater than from the labours * tf _othm who are tasked beyond their ontinary poivei _, _ofendurauco . The _oxamplos hi jive , wiil _4 v . _oonsidcrabU

      _influencoin _"justifyin ' s" his " pr inciple " _mth those for whom thoy are _InteiK _^ kose employers of labour who plead so _strenuousl y for the last two hours , " predicting BUW _. * _« b " ( o heniselves but to the State itself , if thoy . _« J * . lowed to exact more than the full task _; md we _mmr not unreasonably expect that tliey even will be ind « cedi to forego opposition to' such a _settlement of tit * question as shall give d « e relaxation to the _phvsicat powers of the worker , and CDaUo him t _»*^ _£ w * lus occupation recruited and invigorated , L betterable to realize a SiTon , amount of profit with tea _boatf labour than witli twelve .

      lhe fact is , tfe < _ju « ti _«> n of short time _hsettlediaihepublic mmd . _Tukrb it is agreed on . It Has run _, tho _gaunUeU-passed through aU the _phas _* _thrt _wopositions for Reform have to pass , before tkey become incorporated in our "glorious constitutioii . " When first worked , itwas laughed at—3 neesed . » _t—scoflfed * at—denounced as , " wild , " and " vlsionaiy , " and " ruinous . " Its advocates were - despised , ill _=-treated _, persecuted . Those who had been made t » feel the full effects of the heavy scourge those ' whowere deformed in body tlirough excessive toil , and who told the public of their sufferings , and heavy in ** _ilictions , wero dismissed from their employmenteand every means resorted to , to prevent . the cryiug , iniquities of the system from being known . Thenthe question was entertained — considered ! , * : _pronaunced to _l-o worthy of attention ; and some niodifi * 1 c : ii ! o _. i .. ( ' ii .: _Ri ii _^ _( _i-. _'stcm ii : _odc-1 . _Pul-IL ' .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 5, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_05071845/page/4/