Current:

Northern Star (1837-1852), 4th October 1845, Edition 4 of 4, Page 7, " Ana 1 will-war, at ieasSlft. wordi, (A...

Page 7
Page 7
7 of 8

On this page

  • Departments (4)
    • tfomcru &wzm\\
    • THE LAND
    • #tarfwt tfntelltg-ence*
    • Bankrupts., #t»
  • Text (11)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      October 4, 1845. The Northern Star. 7 ' ...

      October 4 , 1845 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 7 ' " H Hi I- . Hill I f _« _t _^ _S'TrnM _^» _- « M' _^ _M-. l _» _MI-----M---- _»«» M » I _—^_^________ ' __^^^____^______^ T . _——^——*— —— " : — : — : ¦ : ; : : .. • ., . ..... _¦— : — ¦¦ . ¦ - _.. ' _.. ¦ _. _-z-21 . - _——"

      Tfomcru &Wzm\\

      _tfomcru & _wzm \\

      " Ana 1 Will-War, At Ieasslft. Wordi, (A...

      " Ana 1 will-war , at _ieasSlft . _wordi , ( And— _shouldmy-chaSme so happen— deeds ) , "With all who waer _wS _& i Thoughtl " ' _i think I _bear-1-. _tittie bird , who sings The _people-hysttd by will be the stronger . " _—SAoS TEE PRUSSIAN DESPOTISM . The Motrins article , slightly abridged Irom the _original , we copy from Douglas Jerrold ' s Shilling Magazim for October . It is the third of a series of articles which have appeared in that Magazine under lhe title of " The Englishman in Prussia" : —

      THE BUREAUCRATS . The government of Prussia is that of an absolute -monarchy , the executive department of which is entirely in the hands of a bureaucracy * The bureaucrats are an organised bod ; of ciril officers ; and the secret offictrs are probably almost as numerous as the pubhc one * . It will hence be understood that the whole machinery of government is carried on by these functionaries , established and sustained by the powers of a despotic sovereignty , and that the king and the bureaucracy act and re-aet upon each other with an influence which may perhaps be as systematic as it certainly is habitual .

      Apopular representation and a free constitution have long heen desired by the great mass in Prussia ; but as this would terminate the reign of the bureaucrats , tliey have constantly opposed it by every power and influence they possessed , both direct and indirect , openly and secretly , and up to this time with success . _Nevertheless , the late King had found himself compeUed hy circumstances to promise atl they wished to the people . Atthe Congress of Vienna , in 1 S 14 , tWfollowing articles were agreed upon : — " 1 . A definite part in the legislature . " 2 . The sanction of the Taxes .

      " 3 . Representation of the Constitution against an undue Interference on the part of tlie Kiug or the Diet . " And this was resolved upon and carried , as a minimum for each state . After this the late JKing published the ¦ well-remembered document of thc 22 d of May , 1815 . It contained his solemn promise to give his people a constitution ; a promise , be it remembered , which was given in the time of danger , when Napoleon was again threatening the kingdom- " That the principles , " says he ( we translate his own words ) , " upon which we havegoverned may he truly _handsd down to posterity through the medium of a Written document , as a constitution of the Prussian dominions , aud preserved for ever , we have decreed—1 st , Tiereshallbe a representationo / thepeople . " Various other provisions follow , all iu accordance with that first important declaration , and with a direct view to carrying out such a purpose . And no w it will be proper to address a word to tiie present King of Prussia .

      Frederick AVilliara III ., the father of the present King , having made the above promise iu the most public manner , and never having revoked it in the same public manner , did nevertheless leave it unperformed . Does it not , therefore , devolve npon Frederick William IV . to preserve his father's memory from the imputation of having broken his word , by fulfilling his intentions , and at the same time to satis ' -j the yet more pressing requisitions ofthe people at the present day ! The promise was made by Ids father as some return for ths blood shed at Leipzig ; a promise to a people who Had again redeemed his crown , which had been cast at the feet of France ; a

      promise made when his father was once more in fear of losing his dominions . Frederick William IV . has nevertheless declared to the states of Posen ( Sept . 9 , 1810 ) , that his father ' s promise does not bind him , because his father considered a constitution would not be to the benefit ofhis people , and that he had given them another ( Jane Sth , 1823 J , instead of it . Kow , the fact is , that this Other does establish provincial estates , and hold out a prospect of popular representation , to the very same effect as his first promise of the 22 nd of May , 1815 . Itis therefore clear that this second law could not have been intended to defeat or supply tbe place of the first .

      It will be evident , from what has heen said , that some exposition and detailed account of the bureaucrats may _bs both curious in itself , and of importance to a right conception of the politics and government of the country . This desideratum has been supplied in several works , of more or less completeness and daring freedom of speech . The best aud most courageous of these , however , which has appeared since tbe elaborate work by Welcker , is the volume recently published by KarlHeinzcn , which is expressly devoted to au account of thc functionaries in question . It is entitled "Die _PreussischeUureaukratie , VOn Karl lleinzen , Darmstadt , 1 S 15 . "

      Hut how could such a work appear in Prussia ? will be asked by all these who are aware of the enslaved condition of its press . Simply by the fact of the author choosing to be a martyr to his book . He knew rery well -what would Happen , and says So in Iris preface , and Willi yet more emphatic words in the course of his work . " That which makes man a slavo , " says he , " is the mean fear of a prison . But to be obliged to carry one ' s conviction into the grave is a greater puuuhuisnt than a prison could be ; aud to spread abroad one ' s free opinion is a greater happiuess than the security to he derived from a pusillanimous silence . It is a duty and an honour to enter a gaol , wheu its doors arc opened for _reciitudc and truth . Thepath to liberty lies through Vie prison . "

      In his anticipations he was not disappointed . His hook was instantly ordered to be suppressed , and he was _obliged to Ay the _country . Bnt before saying more of lleinzen , or of his book , we will call the reader ' s attention to a few curious facts and doings , illustrative of the working of secret policies . In 1 S 12 and 13 , when Prussia was humbled to the dust hefore the armies of . Napoleon , tlie celebrated poet . Arndt was one of the few patriots who braved all dangers to recover tlie freedom of his country , lie and some others holdly went forth among the different states , notwithstanding the numerous spies who were creeping about iu all directions , and exhorted the people to rise in ths cause of liberty . Arndt , by his _spirit-stuxins songs aud persoual eloquence , was more especially the means of rousing

      his countrymen , and this hc did at the risk of his life . It ivas now that the king promised to give his people a constitution and representation , and this he solemnly repeated atthe Congress of Vienna , as previously explained . The Prussians flew to arms with enthusiasm . When peace was restored the people naturally expected the ratification of all these promises . Arndt and the other patriots , who had saved the throne , lived in daily hopes ; and meantime they opposed themselves to the spread of French manners and customs , adopted old German manners and customs , and talked loudly and happily of noble things to come . Frederick William HI ., however , remained silent ; there were no signs of the fulfilment of his promises . Arndt and Ids fellow-patriots continued to live in full hopes , and declared aloud their

      expectations _. Suddenly , in 1 S 29 , a body of police was aespatcheil in all directions , and the patriots were arrested . Arndt , who was at the time a Professor of tlie University ol Bonn , was seized , —his house taken possessiou of by the police , his papers an J litters carried ofi ) his rooms sealed np , and himself thrown iuto prison . lie was tried for high treason . JJut though they tried all meaus , no such thing could be proved , and he was acquitted . lie was never told upon what grounds he had been arrested . He returned to his university , and resumed his lectures . But a letter speedily came from the minister , forbidding him to lecture , yet ordering that his salary as a professor should be continued . lie could obtain no satisfactory explanation of this treatment . It was a great injury to his future prospects in all worldly respects , because he was prevented

      from tbe principal source of a professor ' s emolument , which is the students' fees . Arndt took to cultivating his garden and educating his children . In this state he remained till the accession ofthe present king , iu 1 S 40 , when , by an " act of grace , " the poet was restored to full liberty for the exercise of his powers . But , meantime , he hud ¦ become twenty years older ! He had lost all the arrears of students'fees for this Ions period , whieh would bave enabled him to leave good profits of industry to his children . These twenty years were clearly the period for the harvest of his Ufe ; nearly all that had gone before had been employed in laboriously fitting himself for his office , and then down eoines lhe hon bar upon the verj midway of his mortal course . Arndt bitterly felt the injusticeof his previous treatment , for which no compensation was made : nor did it " teach him prudence , " for

      at an evening party a few years ago , when a friend was _congratulating him upon his restoration , Arndt , who was standing close within the hearing of a Prussian prince , slapped hi * friend significantly upon the shoulder , and answered aloud , "Ah , my dear boy , tbe murder was committed—I am pardoned in my grave . " But although the direct grounds ofhis arrest , and trial for high treason , had never been stated , an accidental circumstance some -years since brought it to light . The grounds were the discovery of a certain letter among his papers , ivhich letter was evidently a reply to some communication ofhis on thesubject of theprauiised constitution . And who does the reader imagine this treasonable letter came from ? It was from the late Kiog himseli 1 Yet the poet , now in -veiyadvanced years , hasha 3 no redress , except tobe allowed to prosecute his labours as a professor .

      About three months ago a traveller—a stranger travelling in Prussia—was arrested at the Bahn Hof of Ais-la-Chapelle , by the police . lie was at once thrown into prison . The Staats-procurator ( Procureur General } learned hy an accident , eight days after his imprisonment , that an individual had been arrested at the Bahn Hof . He went to the superintendent of theprison , and _denjanded whether the information he had received was true . Tbe superintendent answered tliat it was perfectly true . The _Staats-proeurator desired to be conducted to his cell forthwith . He was informed by tlie superintendent that he could not be permitted to do so , nor could anybody whatever be allowed to see the prisoner . The Staats-procurator , in great indignation and astonishment , went home and mote President of the

      tothe Reg ieruugs-president ( Regency at Ais ) , recounting to him all the circumstances . The Iteg ierungs-presiden treplied that he could not give tbe Staats-procurator permission either to speak with the prisoner , or to see him ! The confounded Staats-procurator replied bv citing the article oftlie law , according to _whidieveryinamdualarres _teaonghttobebrous htbefore the Instructions-Ekhter ( Judge _d'Jristructionj within twentv-four hours . The President then replied finallv that he had secret _instrijetions from a higher authority , of thenature of which _hegzre account to no one . w hat becomes of the established !**« in such cases ? Here is dearly the same power as a Mm de cachtt ! We nave since discovered ( this affair was noted flown on the spot 3 t the time ) tha * tbe _isdindual arrest _^ was a Polish i

      " Ana 1 Will-War, At Ieasslft. Wordi, (A...

      Ho % leman—name * unknown—and he has been given tote the hands of the police in Russia , The 5 Prassian bureaucracy has its origin in the -jibsotism ' ef the Prussian monarchy , and is the natural concomitant of Tegal despotism and popular slavery . Itis -all-powerful , and irresponsible . The press dare not , and in fact cannot , attack it , because the Censor it one of the _bureaucratical body , and certainly oue of its most watchful members ; justice does not punish its _misdteds , because justice has no power over it , the "heads ofthe lair" being also of that body . Complaints may be preferred publicly against any of its abuses ; but to what purpose , when those who are to decide upon these complaints are themselves bureaucrats ! " We are governed , " aid the Baron von Stein ( the minister who remodelled the government in the old Prussian provinces ) " by hired ,

      book-learned bureaucrats , who are without property , and have no interests at stake . Being paid , they strive to render their offices permanent , and increase their numbers and salaries ; being book-leanned , they live only in the world of letters , and are ignorant of the actual world around tliem ; being without interests , they have no dealings with any Other class of the _citizens , and may , in fact , be termed the Government Writing Class ! " As tliey have no tangible property , the various schemes and fluctuations of property do not affect them . "It may rain , " proceeds Yon Stein ; " the sun may shine ; the taxes may rise or fall ; all laws of old standing may be obliterated , or remain as of old—the Writing Class cares nothing about the matter . The great vice from which our dear fatherland sutfers , is the power ef the bureaucrats , and the nothingness - of the citizens . " Now , the ex-minister did not

      mean to say that state officers should not be paid for labour performed , as well as any other class ; tbat a knowledge of books was a reproach to them ; nor that having no interests and no property at stake , was , in itself , to be denounced ; what he intended to show was , that all these facts and circumstances rendered them incompetent , or otherwise unlit to decide in many very important matters —while they do actually decide upon all important matters , however ignorant ihey may be of the subject ; nor do they seek or receive the advice of those practically engaged in and acquainted with such subjects . They transact their business with closed doors ; they frame laws , acts , and treaties , as they think fit ; their statements , facts , and arguments are not known , and " even their ignorance is not known , except by its results . " As to why a law is made—how it is made—and how it

      worksnobody is responsible . If a law is discovered to be bad , and subversive of the effect intended , never mind—improve it , or make another ; do this openly , if there be no reason againstit ; but if the change will in any way reflect serious discredit upon theframers or executors ofthe law , then make the change silently , and let the people find out the change as they may successively feel it pinch . The mischief that has been effected by the bad framing of commercial treaties , is in some cases quite as conspicuous as witli respect to bad laws . A commercial treaty being made by writer * who have no personal experience and no direct knowledge of the matter and question at issue , and consequently no foresight ; who have no property and private interests at stake to " fillip" their understandings " with a tliree man beetle ; " yet who , for all tliis , do not ask tbe advice and assistance of those who do possess the required experience and knowledge—sueh a treaty must at all times be liable to do the greatest injury to the commercial interests of the country . The treaty made with

      the Dutch some two years ago is one striking iustance . The Dutch knew what they were about , and chose thorough men of business to make terms . The Writing Class had no chance with them . Amidst all disasters , and while important laws or treaties are pending , no practical aud instructed person can offer " a timely word of advice or warning , " no public measure being previously open to public discussion . It . is only known when the deed is done , and advice or warning would be too late . Yet , notwithstanding all this , lhe bureaucrats consider themselves always right . "One of the most pernicious principles of bureaucracy , " says Heinzen , " is that it can never be wrong—or dare be wrong . " For this reason , _displacing as it docs , a sense of its own insecure position , tliese functionaries are obliged to justify every error they commit ; every wrong is liable to call for other wrongs to cover it up—every falsehood for other falsehoods every secret machination for other machinations . And the quiet and regular management of these matters is considered as subtle policy , and well earning their salaries .

      Heinzcn ' s chapter on tho "Bureaucracy and the Press " is a severe but perfectly lair exposition of the condition of the press iu Prussia . The power of the censor is despotic to an extent that is at onceinfamous and ludicrous . His power :: dually extends to the circulars and advertisements of merchants and tradesmen ; wholesale tobacconists , dealers in cau-de-cologne , pastrycooks or shoemakers , caunot send out a circular or print a few lines ina newspaper , without first " pointing the toe" to the censor , and submitting it for approval . His office is no sinecure , for he works away at a great rate in his duty of revision . Not only do authors and editors often resist ,

      and attempt to argue and " show him" that there IS nothing really amenable to censure in certain passages he has expunged , but even wine merchants and wool merchants sometimes have " high words" with him . All to no purpose—dowu goes his scratch along the paper—out goes the passage ! This officer , moreover , is not always the best informed gentleman iu the world . An author had recently translated Dante ' s -DiDi ' _iiia Comedia into German—Gvltliche Comodie . The censor , never having lieard of the work before , refused his permission for its publication , alleging that " divine things should not be made the subject of a comedy 1 "

      The _censorship ofthe Prussian press has been well described inthe Foreign Quarterly Review , and we cannot do better than make a brief extract in corroboration of what has just been stated from our own knowledge : — " The censorship has different departments . There is a censor whose misiness in each town is solely witfmewspapers ; another 'looks sharp' after the pamphlets ; another takes care of the novels , and romantic literature generally ; nor is poetry by any meaus forgotten . But the newspapers are more especially the object of watchful solicitude . The Prussian government docs not consider the censor a sufficient power to keep tlie editors of newspapers within the hounds of' a most undangerous

      discussion of affairs , ' and therefore suspends over their heads a threat , like the sword of Damocles , that any slip of the pen may he visited by the loss of the license of the paper . No newspaper can appear in Prussia without a license , and licenses are very difficult to be obtained , and for the most part are only given conditionally . But after all this care in the licenses , and making preliminary conditions , and the constant supervision of the censor ( who may erase anything he pleases , here and there , all over the printer ' s proofs , the gaps being ordered to be closed so that nobody shall know thc alarming spots where an erasure was made ) , after all this , the editor , or Other responsible person , is stiU amenable to the law !"—For . Quar . Rev ., Nos . Ixvi . and Ixix ,

      The remarks made by lleinzen upon the military of Prussia—the " nation of soldiers , " as they sometimes call themselves , are of a kind which every country that possesses a Standing army may find iu a certain degree applicable to its own arrangements for this department of civilisation . "Nothing , " says Heinzen , " presents a greater contrast to the culture of our times , than the rctiection that the security of the state should stiU be based on a military institution ; an institution hy which every independent power of man becomes a fault * in whirh even the rudest word of command becomes reason , the blindest obedience virtue 1 "

      One of the most curious and interesting chapters in Heinzcn ' s " Biireaukratie" is thatin which he shows how nearly all the public offices and officers have their private duplicates . The best idea wc can convey of this chapter will be to give a paraphrase of a few official titles ; thus , suppose the following to be all Prussian titles—Controller of the Customs , Harbour Master , Commissioner of Mines and Manufactories , Overseer of Public Works , Post-master General , Village Post-master , Parish Clerk , Surgeon of the Royal Hospital , Beadle of the Parish , ic ., then the list of offices would present the following duplicates : — Controller of the Customs . Secret Controller of the Customs . Harbour Master .

      Secret Harbour Master . Commissioner of Mines and Manufactories . Secret Commissioner of Mines and Manufactories , Overseer of Public Works . Secret Overseer of Public Works . Post-master General . Secret Post-master General , Village Post-master . Secret Village rost-master , Parish Clerk . Secret Parish Clerk . Snrgeon of the Royal Hospital . Secret Surgeon of the Royal Hospital . Beadle of the Parish . Secret Beadle ofthe Parish-A _' , c . itc . itc .

      The above is a paraphrase , not merely of a few titles of actual offices with their duplicates , ndluced by Heinzen , but of several pages of such titles wliich he displays in a long list . They speak volumes as to the condition of affairs and the system of secret policies established by the Prussian bureaucracy . It amounts to an organised spy-system ofthe most universal character . The consequences to the author of such an exposition may readily be conjectured . The book was instantly ordered to be suppressed ; the police seized all the copies from all public libraries , and from all private hands where they knew it might be found : Heinzen was obliged to fly

      from Prussia—and a few copies of his book still remaining undiscovered by the police , were handed about in all directions , and read with avidity . To our certain knowledge , it has been read by most of the leading politicians in Berlin , including those in office nearest the -throne . So much for " suppression , ' even in an absolute Government—as if the free spirit of man really could be suppressed ! His body may be exiled , chained up in a dungeon , starved , or cut to pieces ; but tO _UeStrOJ his tongue during life is more difficult to effeet ; more difficult still to snatch away his pen ; and to destroy his inward thoughts , impossible .

      Heinzen offtred to return and surrender himself up to the ministers of justice , if they would promise to have him tried by the laws of the Code Napoleon . This , however , was refused ; he was tried in his absence , found guilty of course , and sentenced , among other things , to a year ' s imprisonment , whenever he should again set foot on his native Jand . The sentence was regarded as extremely light , and indicative of sundry wise alarms in hig h quarters . "Prussia , farewell ! " wrote Heinzen in reply . "The ship for my return is now in flames . I will seek for my-% elf another home , and must increase the number of thy

      " Ana 1 Will-War, At Ieasslft. Wordi, (A...

      banished sons . A year ' s imprisonment-would be a very small price for the purchase of my return to the fatherland . But for me there is no longer a _latherland , where the nauseousness of slavery and villany would become my constant companions . "

      The Land

      THE LAND

      Within That Land Was Many A Malcontent, ...

      Within that land was many a malcontent , Who curs'd the _tyraniy ta which he bent ; The soil full many a wringing despot saw , Who work ' _tl his wantonness in form of law . Byron . "A people among whom equality reigned , would pessess everything they wanted where they possessed the means Of subsistence . Why should they pursue additional wealth or territory ? No man can cultivate more . than a certain portion of land . "—Godwin . "No one is able to produce a charter from heaven , or has any better title to a particular possession tlian his neighbour . "—Patty . "There could be no such thing as landed property _originally . Man did not make the earth , and , though he had a natural right to occupy it , he had no _x-ight to locate as Itis property in perpetuity any part of it ; neither did the Creator of the earth open a land office , from whence the first title deeds should issue . " — Thomas Paine . Theland shall not be sold foreoer . —Moses .

      " There is no foundation in nature or in nntur . il law why a set of words upon parchment should convey the dominion of land . "—Black-stone . " The land is the people ' s inheritance , and kings , princes , peers , nobles , priests , and commoners , who have stolen it from them , held it upon the title of popular ignorance , rather than upon any right , human or divine . " —Feargus O'Connor . "liy reason teaches me that land cannot be sold . Tlie Great Spirit gave it to his children to live upon , and cultivate , as far as is necessary for tlieir subsistence ; and so long as they occupy and cultivate it , they have the right to the soil—but if they voluntarily leave it , then any other people have a right to settle upon it , Nothing can be sold , but such things as can be carried away . " —Black Hawk . "Every individual possesses , legitimately , the thing which his labour , his intelligence ( or more generally ) , which his activity has created .

      " This principle is incontestible , and itis well to remark thatit contains expressly an acknowledgment oftlie right of all to the soil . For as the soil has not been created by man , it follows from the fundamental principle of property , tliat it cannot belong to any small portion of the human race , who have createdit by tlieir activity . Let us then conclude that the true theory of property is founded on the' creation of the thing possessed . '"—Fourier . " If man has a right to light , air . and water , which no one will attempt to question , he has a right also to the land , which is just as necessary for the maintenance of his subsistence . . If every person had an equal share of the soil , poverty would be unknown in the world , and crime would disappear with want . "—Mike Walsh .

      "As the nature and wants of all men are alike , the wants of aR must be equal ; and as human existence is dependent on the same contingencies , it follows that the great field for all exertion , and the raw material of all wealth , the earth ,- is the common property of all its inhabitants . " — JohnFrancis Bray . " What monopoly inflicts evils of such magnitude as that of land ! Itis the sole barrier to xiational prosperity . Thepeople , the only creators of wealth , possess knowledge ; they possess industry ; and if they possessed land , they could set all other monopolies at defiance ; they would then be enabled to employ machinery for their own benefit , and tbe world would _bshold witli delight and astonishment the beneficial effects of this mighty engine , when properly directed . "—Author of the " Reproof of Brutus . "

      Progress Ofagrarianismin America. (Conti...

      PROGRESS OFAGRARIANISMIN AMERICA . ( Continuedfrom the Northern Star of Sept . 13 th . ) . Social State of New York . —Amongst the arguments adduced by the National Reformers in support of their plan of restoring the Public Lands to the people , and gradually extinguishing landlordism , is that of the present wretc . cd and degraded state of the landless inhabitants of largo cities . Thus , in New York , we learn from authorities quoted by Young America , there are , in a population of less than 400 , 000 , 58 , 000 annually receiving pauper relief ; 70 , 000 annually receiving society and charity assistance ; 50 , 000 annually receiving pauper medical relief ; that one in eight of all who die ave buried paupers ; and lastly the city contains 10 , 000 prostitutes ! In an article quoted from the Tribune , the

      editor ot that paper says , ** Iherc is hardly a day in which we do not receive applications from printers and others , entreating work on any terms which will keep starvation at bay . The facts within our possession warrant the estimate that there are at no time less than 20 , 000 persons vainly seeking work in tliis city . We are assured by the President of the Journeymen Shoemakers' Association , that the wages of liis Mow craftsmen in the city have fallen lower and lower , untiinow the great mass of them work at rates whicli will hardly keep soul and body together—not averaging over five dollars a week . There arc a few employed on nice custom work who do better , but the above is true of thc great majority . In our own trade ( printing ) the average earnings of tlic journeymen of our city , including those who do not work because they cannot get work , must fall short of 6 dols . pcr week , or 300 Ms . per annum . Thc regular pay of day labourers in our city is , if wc mistake

      not , l dol . rcr aay . Rainy days , severe cold weather , < fcc , are of course excluded . It would be a liberal estimate to say that the willing labourer has employment four days per week , and earns 200 dols . per year . Out of this he has to pay rent , buy food , fuel , clothing , medicine , & c , for his family , often including six or seven children too young to labour . There are probably fifty thousand women in our city dependent on tlieir own efforts for subsistence . One half these are engaged as teachers , liouse servants , & a ., and so can live while they have employment . The other half are employed as seamstresses , book-folders , in manufactures , & c ., at wages averaging less than two _dollarsjyer week . Thousands cannot by steady industry earn a dollar and a half per week . On this they barely exist while they have employment ; and when that fails they must starve or do worse . Hundreds are annually driven to infamy and ruin by absolute destitution . "

      lhe editor of the Tribune adds— "It is our deliberate estimate , the result of much inquiry , that the average earnings of those who live by simple labour in our city—embracing at least two-thirds of our population , —scarcely if at all exceed one dollar per week for each person subsisting thereon . Ou this pittance , and very much less than this in many thousands of instances , tlnte hundred thousand persons within sight of Trinity steeple must pay city rents and city prices for food , buy tlieir clothing , and obtain such medical attendance , religious consolation , mental culture , aud means of enjoyment as they have . " This is horrible enough : let us now take the other side of the picture .

      "How the Monet Goes—The following example of the progress of luxury in thc great cities , is published ill a Nciv _Hayen paper , in reference chiefly to what may be seen in New York * . — ' In the bookstores of this city an unprecedented number of splendid annuals are to be found , some of them as high as 30 dols .. This for a mere fancy book , is no mean sum . I saw fans to-day in a fancy shop , valued at 9 dols ., but Bonfanti has them as high asSO or 100 dollars . They are beautifully ornamented with precious stones and oblong mirrors of the size of a dollar , and sometimes _, in addition , a minute gold pencil and ivory

      tablets on the side of the handle . Muffs are sold as high as 150 dols ., in Maiden-lane ; pocket handkerchiefs hang in Broadway windows at 50 to 75 dols . ; a flute of tortoise-shell for 120 dols ., while Black , Tomkins and Ball , successors to Marquand and Co ., jewellers on Broadway , the day before ISew Year ' s , retailed behind their counter fancy goods in their line to the amount of five thousand and ninety dollars ! So we go . This evening , near thc same store , are seen seated two wretched looking women , with emaciated infants in their arms , begging for bread' . "'

      " Well , " we think we hear some bloated profitmonger chuckling , " if this is the result of your fine Universal Suffrage and Republicanism , after being in practice so many years , what use would be your Charter to you , for whicli you are everlastingly clamouring ? " Gently , Mr . Profitmonger , the lesson ' that the present state of New York teaches us is , not that Universal Suffrage is worthless , but that it has never been brought into fair operation . Not that Republicanism is an evil , but that Republicanism has never existed but in name ; otherwise no such overgrown dens of infamy and misery would ever have been permitted to grow up onthe American soil , as this same pestiferous Babel—New York . The "Independence" was achieved in ' 70 , but the " Republic " has yet to be established . The Americans might just as well be subject to British tyrants as to " Native "

      plunderers . The heartless , selfish , over-gorged luxury of the New York profitocracy , existing by the side of the misery ofthe toilers and wealth-producers above described , is a crime against humanity , which ought not to bo allowed to endure for a day longer , and will not bo allowed to endure lor an instant aftci * the long-cheated many return to their senses . Better that this den of thieves and slaves—the slaves of wages and of want—should be given over to anarchy and flame , and tho fate of Nineveh and Tyre be its doom , than that the lazy , gluttonous , brutal fewshould continue their accursed rule . We say this of cities nearer home , too , than New York * , cities greater in extent , older in crime , and whose miserable victims far outnumber those of New York . But the workingmen of New York have the remedy in their own hands ; let them exercise it ; let them use the Suffrage for themselves , and no longer for the heartless politicians of all parties , who

      Keep the word of promise to the ear , And break it to the hope . _^ Let them make a veritable Republic ; let them insist upon the land being given to the landless , and drive the bloodsuckers to honest labour , or the devil . TnE National Reformers continue their weekly meetings , and , besides the central meeting , are establishing ward meetings , and ward organizations , tor the purpose of agitating their principles , and also preparing against the fall elections . Mr . _Bovav , thc eloquent secretary to the association , has gone on a mission into the Anti-Rent district for the purpose of propagating the principles of the Reformers . The late numbers ol * Young America contain letters from Ml * . Bovat , describing his success , which has more than exceeded his expectations . He is traversing Albany county holding large meetings , his audiences everywhere according thoir assent to the principles

      Progress Ofagrarianismin America. (Conti...

      and ofaects ofthe National Reformers . Amongst the nevr adherents to the association , we notice a Mr . 0 Connor , editor of tlie Irish VolunUer , who , at a meeting holden on the 20 th of August , said : — _He came not to teach , but to learn , Though a young disciple in the cause , he had watched the progress of the association since it commcneeJ , and finding its purposes just , had joined it , as in duty bound . Tho measure of this association is finding its way , because those who have watched its progress for nearly two years have seen that the men who have pushed it on are men who have a handicraft , and consequently u deep interest in the rights of labour . Those who are converted by these men , will stick when converted . It is no wonder , said Mr . O'C , that this cause should claim my sympathy , who , in my native country , have seen whole villages levelled , and men

      driven from the portals they had been familiar with from infancy , by a system of landlordism . I believe , said he , that soon you will have thousands engaged shoulder to shoulder in this cause , witliout respect to party . What have the parties done , except to increase tiaes . and distribute offices , while the labourer is sinking step by step into abject poverty ? The party that will take up the measure of this association , that party we should stand by and vote for , but no other . 1 , said he , argued this measure at all points with your secretary , and at last became convinced , and have since convinced many others ; and I can assure you the cause is going on gradually , and that soon a state of things will come to pass , when , instead of wanting handbills to call a meeting , you will want officers to keep the passages clear , and have speakers rushing to the platform to proclaim that the land given by God to man ,

      should be kept out of the hands of speculators , and appropriated free to actual settlers . ( Loud cheers . ) The time is not distant when those who oppose this measure will only be wretches who cannot feel for common humanity . Go to Europe , and see the situation of the toiling farmer raising produce that he is not allowed to eat , while a few yards distant is the half-starved operative singing over his beer pot that" Uritons never will be slaves . " Now is the time to avert such a fate us this from the producer of America . Every member ofthis association should become an apostle iu the cause . Little is to be expected from the press till the people are informed . It is too much occupied With offices in and out of the Custom House ; whose prospects are bright and whose not ; who is headed off , and who ought to be headed off , thc building of new prisons and alms-houses ; while thousands of men are begging employment even at fifty cents a day . But men of mind and influence have had their attention drawn

      to this subjeet by the eftbrts of this association ; men from whom trading politicians and _time-serving presses will take tlieir cue . These men can see that the larger our alms-houses , the less will be our dignity as a republic ; that there is no good reason why men ' s lives sliould be shortened by privation and suffering ; that here there should be no paupers ; that all sliould be freemen ; and soon your presses will be loud in proclaiming these truths , and soon your platform will be filled with men who will be anxious to convince you that they have always entertained such sentiments . ( Loud applause . ) The Trades are moving , but like the trades in this country tliey move slowly ; never mind , the advance of machinery , and increasing tyranny of competition , will make them move quicker bye anil by . At a late general meeting of the New York Trades , Mr . Bovay spoke at great length in support of thc freedom of the public lands . His address was received with great enthusiasm . The following are

      extracts : — Labour has from the beginning been enslaved : whatever progress Ill . Hl has made , has been through slavery . In earlier ages it was the simple direct slavery of pure force : " No long circuit of means" was employed to reduce the labourer to servitude . His body was at once declared to be property , and he a thing subject like other things to law of trade . This form of slavery has not been abolished us is so generally supposed , even under our modern civilization , but with a few rare exceptions it has decayed ; it is simply out of fashion , obsolete , for the most part , dead . Where there is any vestige of it left , no doubt it is most revolting to our moral instincts , simply because its direct , downright tvay of doing things is somewhat opposed to the circuitous _zig-zag paths which civilization takes to accomplish its ends . In the course of

      time another form of slavery lias also arisen , nourished , and now , over most part of Uurope at least , fallen . It chained man to soil whereon he was born , made him a fixture to real estate , declared , in fact , land to be thc principal and man a mere incident—an accident . Ami yet , us in the more primitive Chattel slavery , so in the Feudal , there was some rude connecting link , even if it were only by iron chain and brass collar , between the master and his slave . Says Air . Carlyle : "Gurth , with the brass collar round bis neck , tending Cedric ' s pigs in the glades of the woods , is not wha * . I call an examplar of human f elicity ; but Gurth with the sky above him , with the free air and tinted boscage and umbrage around him , and in him at least the certainty of supper aud social lodgings when he came home—Gurth to ma seems happy in comparison with manyaLanc-ishire and Buckinghamshire man

      of these days , not born thrall of anybody . Gurth is now 'emancipated' long sine * ; has what we call ' Liberty . _' Liberty , I am told , is a divine thing . Liberty , when it becomes the liberty to die by starvation , is not SO divine . " Such simple , and in some considerably qualified sense , patriarchal _relations ave now past , this long time ; and the labourer throughout the _greater part of the civilized world , though called " free , " is reduced to be the slave , not of snail , but of a thing , of a heartless , soulless , merciless monster named " Capital , " which knows no conditions hut those wliich are written in its bond . If lhe condition written be " a pound of ilesh , " a pound of flesh it will haw ; if a human body or ft human soul , nothing Short Of the body Ol * the soul will satisfy it . Its courses ave insidious , subtle , and past finding out , Having , through its doctrines of " _Imssea Faire , " "Supply and Demand , " & c , brought at last great part of the labourers in Christendom down to a point very little above

      starvation , it is now seeking successfully to turn them off altogether , not to graze but to starve . Human labour ia to be dispensed with hereafter , and elemental labour is to Eupply its place , Capital says now to that dark , frowning mountain yondw , " I have work for you to do ; " and straightway the immense mass , which has held it * place impregnable since the beginning of time , becomes melted into red liquid iron , and through various cunning influences begins to assume forms of cylinder , piston , aud connecting rod , 'till finally that black old mountain stands in well-adjusted , elegant machine , ready to do whatsoever work is demanded of it . The individual labourer will , of course , strive for a time to keep his place , and battle for existence with this machine , but elemental labour is too strong for an arm of flesh , and shortly he is ousted of employment and turned away to die . Do I object to the introduction of machinery into the province of huinau labour I Assuredly not . It is one of the most remarkable evidences of

      human dignity aud progress . Hut it is that , after he has beeu thrown out of his accustomed employment by machinery , the labourer should , without any provision for his support , be remorselessly cast off to die—tliis it is to which I take exception , I rejoice that now , instead of paddling up and down the coast in a rude bark canoe , with cargo , at the best of untanned skins aboard , man is able to command that oak forest and hemp field in language irresistible , to carry for him this polished cutlery and tliese delicate muslin stuffs into remote Chinese seas ; but 1 humbly opine that the moral aud social condition of the human family should be in some degree improved hy it , and not made incomparably worse . True , the producing classes of this country are not sunk so low as those of Europe , but they are subject to the same social and commercial unwritt . n laws , and under _thtir

      operation they are sinking with fearful rapidity . Is there under the sun any remedy for this ? The question is now fairly up , demanding in earnest tones immediate consideration ; and it will not be postponed until African slavery in the south is settled , nor fcsv any manner of question whatever . The free labourer of tliis North , wrestling with _unssen , fiendish powers , calls aloud that most immediate attention be paid to his necessaries , "Uehold , ( 15 , 000 of my brethren aro sunk below the condition of labour into absolute pauperism , in this city of New York alone , " and again we are brought back to the _cjuestion , " What shall be done 1 " We liave in this country an easy , simple , and effectual way of doing certain tilings , established on purpose for the convenience of the people : it is through the " ballot box . " In my opinion il is the labourer ' s only hope , and I uudertake to

      say tliere is one question now partially before the people of this country , falling necessarily to the decision by ballot , _whioll , il'jufitly stilled , would once and for ever on this Continent emancipate labour from the thraldom of capital , and establish " a fair day ' s wages for a fair day ' s work . " It is a . fact seldom , almost never dwelt upon , that in course of time all things which arc upon the earth , or under tbe earth , or in the sea , susceptible of it by nature , have , In the hands of man , or by fiction or intendment of law , been reduced to the condition of property . Jinn himself has not been excepted from the rule ; the elements , which it is evident from the Bible , from the nature and wants of man , and from bis position here in this world , the Creator designed to be and to remain free for ever , are at last all monopolized , so that from the highest pinnacle of Mount Blanc , 15 , 000 feet oi

      so , tonhe lowest Tcmpe valley in broad Europe , there is not a rood of earth destitute of its parchment coveringall to the darkest , deepest " Trosareh's Jaws" is covered over with the patents and title deeds of society , and time has hallowed the possession . Truly in these last days , as of old , ¦ ' the foxes have holes , and the birds ofthe air have nests , but the son of man hath not where to lay his head . " I hold it to be self-evident , that man has a natural right to the occupation and _enjoym-nit of a portion of this earth , and the first command which 1 find given to him iu tbe bible , though not in the lorm of a command , is in substance , that he shall go forth and work upon it . Again , in the institutious of the chosen people , a broad distinction is taken oetween the pussessions in land and those thing , fashioned hy thu hand of

      man , which we call " personal property , " fur while these , the transient , the perishable , were not to go butk at the jubilee , it is provided that " the land shall not be sold for ever . " Modern Governments , however , not only assume to " sell the land for ever , " but also—by what right 1 am at a loss to determine—tliey confer dominion over il to the individual , not boundud by his wants or bis ability to enjoy , but by his lust and ambition alone . Thus Norman William gave all the lands of England to 700 of his freebooting barons , and three-fourths of it is owned by three thousand families to this day . Herein is he solution of _thtxt problem which ]* _as go long , in its general aspect , puzzled the political economists ; whence comes it that the wealth of that nation rises ju _. t in proportion as its labourers sink into poverty and destitution ? To

      Progress Ofagrarianismin America. (Conti...

      millions of the people of England access to the soil , without revolution , is impossible ; employment then at some rate they must have of capital or di _« . Machinery comes iu to do the work of man , children do the work of women , and constant increase of numbers _aggravaUs their helplessness . Still employment they must have ; and from such employment " good Lord deliver us ; " nota horse , not an ox , willing to work in the united kingdom but what is betterpaid ; it is such as enables Great Britain to command for her products the markets ofthe world , by underselling every other people ; nnd thus is the gold and silver tide settingfrom far and n _« ar toward the " fast anchored isle . " After manifold Chartist insurrections the people of England are now fast coming to the conclusion that nothing short of an outlet to theland will answer , and they are calling aloud for the restoration of the common lands _.

      stolen heretofore by a partridge-shooting aristocracy , In this country , we , the National Reform Association , turning away from the cultivated and appropriated earth , take our stand on the public landr . IVc ask that these lands sliall be disposed of under something like the following plan , whicli is no contrivance of ours , for the present condition of agriculture seems already to have decided what is right and practicable concerning them : —let territorial governments be enacted over them , and state governments in time . Let them / be divided into counties , townships , sections and quarter sections as now , and let every man who will live upon it , come and take , witliout money or without price , one of these quarter sections ( 100 acres ) not already occupied , which shall remain to him and his heirs for ever ; but in every township at least the most eligible section ( one mile square ) sliould be reserved and laid out with proper discretion and care into free lots for the inhabitants of a village ; and , to prevent

      the accumulation of great possessions in land , the inevitable rcsuit of wliich is to deprive thousands ofthe enjoyment of any , it should be provided that no title to more than one farm or one village lot shall ever be recognised in any man . To this extent , then , would land be property , subjeet to all its laws and incidents , but no further . Every man in such a state would be born a freeholder , which would of course give him a material independenco for all time . There undoubtedly would be the employer and employed , but no abject dependence ; tliere would be wages , but no " slavery of wages . " Forthwith , were this great measure carried , the tide of human life , instead of setting as now _. steadily towards the cities , would turnitself toward the setting sun : and three generations hereafter should see in that valley of the Mississippi , swarming with its tens of millions , the most industrious , most virtuous , most intelligent , and , in the aggregate , tho most wealthy community whereon the sun ev _« r shone .

      #Tarfwt Tfntelltg-Ence*

      _# tarfwt _tfntelltg-ence _*

      London Corn Exchange, Mosdat, Skit. 20.—...

      London Corn Exchange , Mosdat , Skit . 20 . —The arrivals ofEnglish wheat up to our market during last week were on the increase , but those of barley , malt , oats , and all other grain of home produce , were on a very limited scale . Of Irish oats the receipts were tolerably good : the imports of foreign wheat and oats very extensive . Tlic accounts which have reached us to-day from the North of England arc to the effeet that , notwithstanding the comparatively unfavourable weather lately experienced there , harvest work is progressing somewhat rapidly , though a larger portion ol the wheat and otlier grain has been carried in very middling condition . Fresh up this niorning rather an increased supply of English wheat came to hand coastwise , as well as b y land carriage and sample , chiefly from Essex and Kent . The

      stands were in consequence well filled with parcels of both red and white ; yet , as the attendance of London and country dealers was large , the demand for that article was very steady at Cully the advance obtained in the currencies on Monday last , and at which a good clearance was effected by tho factors . The show of free foreign wheat was , comparatively speaking , limited . The best qualities sold briskly at extensive rates , while other kinds moved off steadily at full prices . For corn under Jock for export , the inquiry was by no means so active as last week . Ncvcrtliclcss , the importers would not sell except at fully the late improvement in tho quotations . Very few parcels have been entered for home consumption at the 17 s . duty . AVe have had yery few

      parcels of English barley offering , and the show of foreign was again small . Malting and grinding _sorfs sold freely at very full prices , but distilling kinds were a slow sale . The best kinds of malt , whicli were scarce , were in improved request , and last week ' s rates were well supported . The middling anil inferior sorts were in sluggish request . Notwithstanding the immense arrival of foreign oats , a good business was doing in all descriptions , and late rates were sustained in every instance . A few parcels of foreign beans were taken for shipments . Thc demand for most kinds of English wasfirm _, at the improvement in value noticed last week . White peas were dearer _, but grey and maple were a slow sale , but not cheaper . Flour moved off slowly at un < - ! tered currencies . In seeds very few sales were repo ? -ed .

      CURRENT TRICES OF GRAIN , FLOUR , AND SEED

      IN MARK-LANE . BRITISH GRAIN . . Shillings per Quarter . Wheat Essex & Kent , white _. new .. 00 to G 6 .. til to 70 Ditto , red 52 62 .. 5 i 66 Suffolk and Norfolk , red .. 55 GO white G 3 65 Lincoln and York , red „ 05 ( il White 60 05 _Northumb . aud Scotch .-. 55 G 3 Rye 20 32 _Barley .. Malting 31 33 extra — Distilling 25 30 Grinding .. .. .. 25 27 Malt .. Ship .. 51 58 Ware ( JO 62

      Oats .. Lincolnshire and Yorkshire , feed , < l 2 s Od to 21 s Gd ; potato , or short , 24 s 0 d to 28 s Od ; Poland , 23 s 6 d to 27 s Gd ; Northumberland and Scotch , Angus , 25 s Gd to 27 s Gd ; potato , 28 s Gd to 29 s Gd ; Irish feed , 22 s Od to 24 s Gd ; black , 22 s Od to 2 ts 0 d ; potato , 23 s Od to 2 Gs Od ; Galway , 21 s Od to 22 s Od , Roans .. Ticks .. 38 42 Harrow , small .. '¦' .. 38 44 Peas .. White 41 48 boilers 54 58 Gray and hog .. .. 43 4 l > flour .. Norfolk and Suffolk .. 42 48 Town-made ( per sack of 2 S 01 bs 48 06 Buekivheat . or Brank „ „ „ 80 32 ,

      £ N _« L 1 SH SEEDS , ic . Red clover ( per cwt . ) 40 to 70 White clover ( per cwt . ) .. 45 "I Rapeseed ( per last ) .. .. .. .. .. £ 2 G 28

      _FOB-IUG * CHAIN . Shillings per Quarter . Free . In Rond . Wheat .. Dantsic and Konigsberg 66 extra 70 .. 48 — 55 Ditto ditto .. 61 — 64 : .. 42 — 47 Poiiicranian , & c ., Aiihalt 59 — 67 .. 43 — 47 llanish , Holstein , < fcc . .. 57 — 03 .. 43 — 45 Russian , hard .. .. 53 — 57 Ditto , soft .. .. 53 — 5 D „ 40 — 44 Spanish , hard ,. .. 59 — 6 ' 0 Ditto , soft .. .. CI — 05 .. 44 — 48 Italian _. Tuscan , ifcc , red G 2 — 48 Ditto , white .. .. 64 — 70 .. 46 — 54 _OdcssaifcTugaurogjhard 54 — 57 Ditto , soft .. .. 51 — 59 „ 39 — 45 Canadian , hard .. . 57 — GO Ditto , fine .. .. 61 — 03 Rye .. Russian , Prussian , & c . 23 — 30

      Barley .. Grinding .. .. .. 26 — 31 Ditto , distilling .. .. 31 — 34 .. 10 — 26 Oats .. Dutch , feed .. .. 22 — 25 Ditto , breiv and thick .. ' li — £ 7 .. 17 — 21 Russian 21 — 24 .. 15 — 18 Danish & Mecklenburg 20 — 23 .. 14 — 17 Beans .. Ticks , 33 to 39 , small .. 37 — 44 .. 32 — 43 ' Egyptian So — 35 .. 28 — 31 Peas .. White , 40 to 06 , gray .. 42 — 46 Ploui ' - .. Dantsic aud Hamburgh ( per barrel ) , line 28 32 , superfine .. .. 31 — 36 ., 21 — 24 Canada , 31 to 34 , United States .. .. .. 32 — 38 .. 21 — 20 Buckwheat 30 — 35 Mustard seed , brown ( per bushel ) 9 s to 14 s ; white , 10 s to 15 s , Linseed cakes ( nor 1000 of 31 b each ) £ 11 to £ 1110 s .

      FOREIGN SEEDS , ifcc . Per Quarter . Linseed .. Petcrsburgh aud Riga ( free of duty ) .. -12 to 40 Archangel , 40 to 43 , Jlemel and Konigsberg .. .. 40 44 Mediterranean , 40 to 40 , Odessa .. 44 4 ' Rapeseed ( free of duty ) per last .. ., £ 24 26 Red Glover ( 10 s per cwt . and 5 per cent , ou the duty ) .. .. 40 02 White ditto .. .. -. 45 OS Tares , small spring ( free of duty ) 31 to 33 , largo .. 40 — Linseed caKc ( free uf duty ) , Dutch , £ 7 10 s , £ i 10 s , French , per tou £ 7 io , £ 8 15 Rape cakes ( free of duty ) £ 5 £ 5 o

      AYERAGE PRICES Of thc last six weeks , which regulate the Duties from the 25 tll Of September lo the 1 st of October .

      Wheat Barley Oats . lege . Beans Peas . Week ending s' d' s * d' s' d' s «¦¦ s d _^~ d " _AuglG , 1845 .. 57 0 20 4 22 2 34 4 41 " 2 39 7 Week ending Aug . 23 , 1815 .. 57 0 29 4 22 2 34 4 41 2 39 11 Week ending Aug . 3 D , 1845 .. 56 6 29 9 22 8 S 3 4 41 8 38 4 Week ending Sept . G , 1843 .. 55 10 30 0 22 4 35 7 42 1 3 G 0 Week ending Sept . 13 , _| 1815 .. 54 1 31 8 23 10 33 5 42 0 30 5 Week ending Sept . 20 , 1845 .. 52 6 31 0 22 3 33 2 42 10 37 0

      Aggregate average of the last six weeks „ 55 0 30 2 22 6 33 11 41 10 37 10 London averages ( ending Sept . 23 , 1845 ) 57 C 31 2 22 3 33 10 43 0 43 10 Duties .. .. 17 0 80 C 006 10 40

      _Losdon Smithfield Cattle Market , Mo . vd . it , Sept . 29 . —The past week ' s importations of live stock into London have boon again extensive , tliey having amounted to 01 oxen from Hamburg h ; YM oxen and cows , together with 477 sheep , __ and 19 calves , from Rotterdam , the whole of wliich have come to hand in good saleable condition . To-day wo had on oiler 11 oxen and cows , and 150 sheep , which moved off steadily at previous quotations , lhe supply of home-fed beasts was very extensive , even the time of year considered , yet tlieir general quality was by no means first-rate . Tho attendance ot butchers being somewhat numerous , the _primest Scots , Herefords , Devons , & o „ commanded a ready sale , at fully , but at nothing quotable beyond thc currencies obtained last week , viz ., from 3 s . 8 d . to 4 s . pcr 81 bs . In the middling and inferior breeds of beasts only a

      London Corn Exchange, Mosdat, Skit. 20.—...

      limited business was transacted , yet prices were sup . ported . From Lincolnshire , Leicestershire , and our otlier northern districts we received 2 , 200 shorthorns ; from the eastern counties 300 Scots , homebreds _, and shorthorns ; from the western and middling districts 500 Herefords , Devons , runts , Irish beasts , Ac . ; from other pavts of England , 350 of various kinds ; from Scotland , 130 Scots ; and from Ireland 90 beasts . The arrivals of sheep still fall considerably short of thoso at the same time in 1844 , owing to which the mutton trade to-day was very steady , particularly for long wools , and previous rates were obtained by the _salesmen without difficulty . Lamb being now quite out of season , wc have discontinued to _qunto it . The ve . il trade was rather slow ; in some instances prices had a do _* vnn _* ard tendency _, rigs were a brisk sale at higher prices .

      By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offal . s . d . t . 4 Inferior coarse beasts . , 2428 Second quality . . , 2 lo 9 % Prime large oxen _, , 3486 Priine Scuts , Ac . . . , 3 8 4 0 Coarse inferior sheep . , 3 o 3 4 Second quality . . 3 C 4 0 Prinid coarse Voolled . . 4246 Prime Southdown _. . 4850 _Laijfecoarse calves . S lo 4 6 Prime small ... 4 8 4 10 Suckling calves , each , , 18 0 30 0 Large hogs ... 3 6 4 0 Neat small porkers . . 4252 Quarter-old store pigs , each 16 0 23 O nEAP or CATTI / E ON BALZ . ( From the Books ofthe Clerk ofthe Market . ) Beasts , 3 , 853-Sheep , 25 , _740-Calves , 138—Pics , 385 .

      Liver-cod-- Cattle Market , Monday , Sept . 29 . — Tiie supply of cattle at market to-day has been smaller than last week , the principal part of secondrate and inferior quality , with a numerous attendance of buyers . Beef old . to Od . Mutton Od . to Gid . per lb . Richmond _Coun * _Market , Sept . 27 . —We had a toleiable supply of grain in our market to-day . Old wheat sold from 8 s . to Ss . Cd . ; new do . Os . to 8 s 6 d . ; old oats , 3 s . 3 d . to -Is . ; now do . 2 s . 10 J . to 3 s . 4 d . ; barley 4 s . to -is . 3 d . ; beans 5 s . Gd . to 5 s . 9 d . per bushel

      Leeds Corx Market , Tuesday , Sept . 30 . —There is a fair arrival of wheat , but a sliort supply of other articles for this day ' s market ; the demand is less active for wheat to-day , but we note no alteration in its value since our last icport . Barley continues scarce , and now begins to be wanted ; it brings full prices . Beans are fully as dear . In oats or other grain no alteration . Lkkds Cloth Markets . —Oii Tuesday , tliere was a falling off in tlie amount of business at the White Cloth llall , while in the Coloured Cloth UaJJ tliere was a disposition to improvement . Business at the warehouses is in a pretty brisk state , and manufacturers arc rather busil y employed . _Compared with this period last _ year , the amount of manufactured goodsis greatly in favour of tbepresentscason . Prices remain firm , and in some descriptions of cloth an upward tendenev is manifested .

      Kxtiiaormxart Glires Is Thu Wkst Indies ...

      _KXTIiAORMXART GlIRES IS THU WkST INDIES _nx Hollowa y ' s Pills axd Ointment . — -June 3 rd , 184 * 1 . —Mr . Lewis Uccdon , of George Town , Dcmcrara , writes that Mr . Holloway ' s Pills and Ointment have cured bad legs that no doctor eould manage , ulcers and sores that were ofthe most dreadful description , as likewise leprosy , blotches , scales , and other skin diseases of the most frightful nature . Thc cures effected there by these wonderful medicines are so numerous and extraordinary as to astonish the whole population . They cure bad complaints with ease and certainty when every otlier means have failed . These invaluable medicincsare in tlicgreatest . "demand in the East and West Indies , and , indeed , in all the British Colonics .

      Piqua Plant—The following are reasons why the Piqua Plant is superior to Tea , viz : —1 st . Because it is beneficial to health . 2 nd . It does not injure the nerves 3 rd . Cliildren may use it with advantage to health . 4 th . Ifc docs not prevent sleep . Sth . A quarter of a pound will « o as far as three quarter of a-pound of the best Gunpowder Tea . llth . It is strengthening and nutritions . 7 th . It is recommended by physicians , and tea is disapproved of by them . It greatly improves the voice ; it is recommended to Singers and Public Speakers . —Sec Advertisement ,

      Bankrupts., #T»

      Bankrupts ., _# t _»

      . and _Fredrapers—Jamee CommeniilHK ,, ? _£ an _^ " _^§ _ea 4 . _W , JSnp' _^ _riQ-MOlV _; ( _WildiSST- ¦ " '"'? <& i _mm' _^ _m _Broai _'fligFf {!* : i So * * _$£ § _$ */ . ' ! >' , , Sflffil waW ' _'^)' ' " jS «> y-V & _- * ou and fre- ! j _ipevs—Jaiues _^^ ) _UonmeniijBS'r _fcv _' _rtSsu s ant ® _$ _^ _a _^ J _!^? 7 X M / l _^' . _^' i _" _- _'H- _VJ ' > 1 _% _-J 7 . _W - _* _- . _{( : 1 .

      Bankrupts. Fjiwu Tuesday's Gazelle, Sept...

      BANKRUPTS . _fJiwu Tuesday ' s Gazelle , Sept . 30 , 1815 J Robert Hughes , of 115 , Piccadilly , upholsterer—George Alfred Paine , of 31 , Iligh-stvect , Uloomsbnry , church clock maker—William Webber , of Iionideiiii , Hampshire , grocer—James llayncr , of Itoughtam , Norfolk , licensed victualler—Samuel Manning , of 17 , Newman-street , Oxford-Street , stone-mason—Gom'ge _Edward Noono . of 43 , Eaststreet , _M'liiichcatcr _. _squurc , engineer— John Gibson , of 20 , Mutcumbc-street _, _Belgrave-squiire , oilman—ltichard Freeman , of 22 , _Edwnrd-streetjl-ortmiui-squure , hosier—James Warwick , of _Threudncedle-strcet , City , and of Enfield ,. Middlesex , merchant—Eliza Hurry , of Uristol , victualler—William Jurman , of Wigton , Cumberland , chemist—James Thompson nnd John Thompson , of Leeds , stock-brokers—Robert _Shunklin , of Salford , Lancashire , druggist—John nughes . ofManchcstci ' _jprovision dealer—Thomas _lloberts , of Liverpool , commission agent .

      DIVIDENDS DECLARED . George Fisher , of Bradford , first dividend of Ss . in the pound , payable at 11 , Bishopgute-strcet , Leeds , any [ day , on and after October C , Lepton Dobson , of Leeds , woollen cloth merchant , final dividend of l- } d . in the pound , payable at M , Hisliopgatestreet , Leeds , any day , on and alter October C . John Uainbridge , of Kiclimond , Yorkshire , ironfoundcr , first and filial dividend of ls . lo _^ d . in the -pound , payable at 14 , _liishopgate-strcet _, Leeds , any day , on and after October 6 . William Clarke , ofShofield , builder , first dividend of 3 s .. in the pound , payable nt 14 , _llishopgate-street , Leeds , any day , on aud after October 6 ,

      Thomas Aloiscr Alonekmau , of Bradford , tobacconist , final dividend of 9 d . in the pound , payable at 14 , Bishop . gate-street , Leeds , any day , on and after October 6 ' . Jacob Newton , John Ward Newton , and Francis Newton , of Kotheiiiam _, Yorkshire , spirit merchauts , first dividend of Cs . 8 d . in the pound : also a dividend of 20 s . in the pound upon the separate estate of Jacob Newton ; also a dividend of 7 s . in the pound upon the separate estate of John Ward Newton ; and a dividend of Is . Gd . in the pound 0 ) 1 the separate estate of Francis Newton , payable at H , Bishopgate-ctreet , Leeds , any day , on and after October G . James liYood , now or late of Leeside , Yorkshire , merchant , first dividend of 2 s . ( id . in the pound , payable at 14 , llishopgate-street , Leeds , any day , on and after October C . John Mears , of Leeds , grocer , first dividend of 3 s . 4 d . in the pound , payable at 7 . Commercial-buildings , Leeds , any day , on and after October 7 . DIVIDENDS TO III DECLARED . At the C ' ourl of Bankruptcy , London .

      ¦ Wil liam Lee , of Charing-uross , hosier , October , 23 , at twelve—Kobert llowlniul _, of Tliiiine , Oxfordshire , auctioneer , Oct . 23 , at half-past one—Hewitt F ysh Turner , of Myddlctoii-sti-eet , Clerl < cmvcll , pniiitcd baize manufacturer , October 23 , at two—William Crosby , Benjamin _Vallentine , and Benjamin White , of iloundsditeh and Leadenhallstreet , City , and of Birmingham , liar _^ waremen , October 23 , at half-past eleven . iii the Country . William Joseph _Wni-dcll , of Pickering , Yorkshire , wine and spirit merchant , October 2 * 1 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Leeds—Joseph Ifowdcn , of Wakefield , ironfounder , October 24 " , at eleven , at tlic Court of Bankruptcy , Leeds —J . Campion , W . Campion , and 11 . Campion , of Whitby , ship builders and bankers , October 31 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Leeds—Charles 'i'immisof

      _, Darlaston-green , Staffordshire , flint grinder , November It ) , at eleven , atthc Court of _Bankrutitcy , Birmingham—Ambrose Brookes , of Newport , Shropshire , scrivener , December 5 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Birmingham—James Watson , of Carlisle , grocer , October 22 , at one , at tlie Court cf Bankruptcy , Neweastie-upon-Tynt —William Hall , of _Claypaih , Durham , grocer , October 22 , at twelve , at ( lie Court of Bankruptcy , Newcastleupon-Tyne—John _Goodchiid 1 _' uilistcr and James May Buttcriiiit Newrlek , of Sunderland , grocers , October 22 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Newcastle-upon-Tyne—Thomas Clifton , of Bernard Castle , printer , October 22 , at two , ut the Court of Bankruptcy , Newcastleupon-Tyne . _Cebtivicates to be granted , unless cause be shown to the contrary on the day of meeting .

      _ITezekiah Denby Coggan , of 39 , Friday-street , City , Warehouseman , OetOblT 22-Chai'lGB Day . late ofi , Buckingham-street , FUzroy-scpiai-c , chemist , October 21—Wil . Ham Giles , of Brighton , boarding housekeeper , October 2 1 —Thomas Kevely , jun ., of Newcastle-upon-T yne , plumber , October 21—Thomas Clifton , of Barnard Castle , _Bui'liani , printer , October 22—Thomas Barlow , of Sheffield , grocer , October 22 —Jolm Aldcroft , of Longsight , Lancashire . licensed victualler , October _L'i-Jolm Lea , jUn ., of Liver . pool , wine merchant , October ' 21 . Ceutificates to be grunted by the Court of Review , unless cause b « shown to the contrary , on or before October 21 . Antonio Nicholas Armani , of 3 , Scott ' s-yard , Bush-Uvne _, City , merchant—Jolm Smith , of _llngcltly , Stafford-Shire , money scrivener—William Muy , of Liverpool , and K _« iv Ferry , Cheshire , provision nim .-I . ant .

      PABTNEaSHlPS DISSOLVED . Thomas Jones and _Ciia _. us _aiupiu-us , jun ., of Newtown , Montgomeryshire , mercers and drapers—William Leavers and Edwiuil Brown , of New Basford , Nottingham , machine smiths—William Smith Powell , and James Dowcll _, of Sunderland , joiners—Mary Yoiinghusband and Hannah Haswell , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , milliners—George Bower and Christopher Willis , of Tokunliouse-yard , attorneys—Thomas Jlills and Joseph VVignall , of Liverpool , victuallers—Richard William Lightup aud George Lightup , of 4 Jewry-street , Aldgate , vellum binders—William Windsor Fisher and "Viliani Frederick Wmtislaw Bird of 3 Kiiutstreet , ( Jheapside , attorneys-Thomas Keatiett and J . A . Gregory , ot _ChiUham-piace , Blackfriars , attorneys-Mary Burditt and Lucy Uunlitt _, of 42 , _Lndgatc-hlll , milliners-John Cliitton , Thomas George Waller , Michael Cooper , am Henry 1 \ Marshall , of 18 , High-street , _SouUraark , iV . 1 .. . ' . I 3 " -50 * * : court , Tcmj _. _lc , attorneys—Evan Morris [• . II _. C l > l , _i 1 l ... n ..... 1 . PI . . ... . r . _ - Bills _riillliiuund Thomas

      , Francis , of Wrexham , Denhigh , tellmoiigei'S-Thomas Morgan Nash and Henry Gardiner , ot Bristol , oil and colour merchants—William Ste vens and Thomas Wiutcrbutliain , of Great Dover-street , _Newingtoii _. victuallers-Owen Owens and Ellis Hughes , of Siiltord _, Lancashire , chemists—Daniel Elias and Thomas J . Halsal , of Choiloy , Lancaster , cotton-spinners—William Alluil aiid AlltOliy Harrison , of South Shields , tallow Chandlers—John Gurney and Samuel Chapman , of Lam _bcth-walk , Surr . y , brewers-Kobert Johnson derick Campble , of Maiiuhcster _. travelling Thom . is Whcatley and Thomas Ti-rpin , of ol , road , Lambeth , lightermen—Edward Seppings Jones , of Snail ham . Norfolk , and Norwich estate _agc-nts—Ti . omas Charles B irgcn and _Hainwcil _. _i'f Great SaiU Helens , C . ty—Kicbar Stephen _l'lullips , and Jolm Bum n , of 2 , New ( so far as regards Riehaid Norman)—James James Firman Soutliey , of 191 , _Tcley-strcet auctiuiieers . _'

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 4, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_04101845/page/7/