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    ; fovtxmx MQi)tmmte

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    "Ani « And 1 will war, at least in words...

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    THE LAND! Within that land was many a ma...

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    LORD ELDON'S PILLS. HABITUAL Costiveness...

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    London- Cork Exchange, Monday, Mat 2(3.—...

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  • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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    ; Fovtxmx Mqi)Tmmte

    ; _fovtxmx _MQi ) tmmte

    "Ani « And 1 Will War, At Least In Words...

    "Ani « And 1 will war , at least in words , ( And ( And—should my chance so happen—deeds ) , With -With all who war with Thought !" "IH "I think I hear a Utile "bird , who sings The Thepeople oyandby willhe the stronger . "— _-BraoN

    THE NEW REFORMATION . SECCjiBECCHOS OF THE _BEFOBMEBS . —MOKE DEFECTJOXS BOM * fBOM EOME . —EXim-SIASnC _BECEFIIOK OF KOXQE SD _CiSD CZEBSKI AX _BEB 1 _TX . Te ccWe concluded our last week ' s article with a stateat of eat of the noble conduct of the King of Saxony in _itiontotion to the Reformers , and their enemies " the tmshomisb clergy ; his answer to thelatter when applying liim } him for coercive measures to stop the movement _s a fas a truly-noble one , and led us to hope that for once ing 1 ring would be found who would dare to be just ; we -rett-grettosaythat the intelligencewehave since become iscssossessed or shows that we were too sanguine in enternmaining that hope . The King of Saxony , though ling aling a nation the immense maioritv of whom are

    rotesfrotcstants , is himself a Catholic , and unfortunately asforasfor his spiritual advisers members of the Jesuit atenfiiteniity— -those arch-enemies of freedom in every iape . iape . _So doubt , influenced by them , the Saxon ing ling has caused to be intimated to the Rcformere bat abat ahsenee of pnnishment is all the favour that can e shoe shown to them ; permission to assemble for public _oBuiotsnip has heen denied to them , with a notice that jler ableraiion , not recognition , must content them _, _igaimgainsi this decision , however , the Reformers have esolvesolved to appeal to the House of Representatives , _ndwndwe trust their appeal will be successful . The _& _- > a _*& _- _> a _* rian monarch , whose court has long been known 3 tha the nest and nursery of Jesuitism , is one of the _leclaieclared enemies of the new movement : in Bavaria

    _ftisftetseeation of _Protiatanta and liberal Roman Cathoies Hes is quite the order of the day . A still more for-Qidanidable enemy of the new order of things is the iJn * _£ mpcror of Austria , who by an autograph letter has brbibrbidden the name of the German Catholic Church _jehyemg given either in the journals or any printed ¦ _fritPFritingsto _thebedy of Separatists from _thatof Rome ; indind wefindit staled in The Correspondent de _Hamxovarmrg that " negociations have been entered into be--weeween the cabinets of Vienna and Munich , for _stop-Hiignng , by means of tin interventionofthe Germanic Diet , [ he the encroachments of the Catholic Separatists . It is sits said that the cabinet of Munich ( Bavaria ) proposes to sto signalise the Separatist movement as dangerous to * _A « ike safety of Germany . " Of course this is quite in

    chacharaeter with the infernal despotism which in _AuiAostria wages eternal war with freedom and right in eveevery sense and shape ; which upholds the " miser ablable old chimera of a Pope" in his blood-stained * rhlrule , * and , by ovei-whelming brute force , perpetuates th ( the slavery and degradation of Italy . An armed and _saisflngninary persecution of the new sect by this brntal Gt Government wonld be nothing surprismg , as any atiattempt at establishing freedom of thought must lie -re-regarded as dangerous by _Mettehxich and Co . If fhfhe new Reformation is to be baptized in blood , be it _soso ; bnt not in the nineteenth century will such m means be effectual to stay the march , of truth , or pi prolong the reign of fraud . Besides these Royal conspiracies the Romanistsare

    fi fulminating their " _suspensions / ' "degradations , " a and " _exeonimijmcatio-as , " and doing their best to € excite the open -violence of the fanatical portion of t their Mowers . In some places the Reformers have I had their meetings invaded hy enraged -fanatics , ** and their persons exposed to violence in the streets ; I but the enthusiastic reception given to Ronge at j Berlin , described below , proves that the influence of I the delusionista over the masses , even in Germany , ' "is becoming " small by degrees and beautifull y less . " We now proceed to -report the progress the movement had made np to the loth of April , for the facts fl which wc are indebted to the Gorman correspondent of Thc Continental Echo , published monthly , by J . Snow , 35 , _raternoster-row : —

    In addition to Konge and Czerski , the German Catholic church ia ; obtained a new clerical confessor , and , as far ss suspension , degradation , and excommunication can make him so , a martyr , in the person of Carl Kerbler , late chaplain in thc Breslaw diocese , who , having definitively _ranged himself on the side ofthe "Reformers , by uniting with them in public worship , and assisting fionge in hi * clerical duties , has been honoured by a fulminating _dtamimtion from the consecrating bishop and chapter , Vicar Latusseck , similar to that so innocuously launched K » me months since at Bonge . It appears , that in giving in his formal resignation to the vicar , Kerbler had made use of expressions which drew from the offended eccle ttastic the fonowing reproof : — "Yon declare that you cast oS fhe "Roman hierarchy . -- "by which you cau mean

    no other than the holy , Catholic , apostolic , and hitherto your own -mother church , and that you henceforth belong to the Catholic Christian dinrch ,--by which yon can only mean a sect to which you falsely and presumptuously give that name ;"' after which the document _proMeds in theusual form to pronounceKerbler suspended , degraded , and to be excommunicated , if he do not within eight days repent , recant , and return to the bosom of bis mother church . Sneh return not haying occurred ! , thc foil weight of ecclesiastical punishment which the nineteenth century permits has fallen upon him . Carl Kerbler , from this moment stamped a man of note , was bora September 6 th , 1813 , pursued his scientific and tneoJogical studies in tte Gymnasium and "Cniversity of _Breslau- until 183 S , when having been consecrated as _prifatjhesuMesavdysnpp'Uedthechap la - _mdesof'Baitzen ,

    Stdnem , andlandenau . la this last , his , -with himself , ¦ fong-dehated resolution to separate -from the Church of Some , -was finally formed ; and that tMs important step ! * ras not taken without dne consideration , is evidenced by Ms treatise on Diocesan Synods , which appeared a C < msid « rable time previously ia thepublic journals , under thc * signature of " A Catholic Priest , " It is said that "Eerbler intends shortly to pnblish his " Justification , " after the example of Rouge and Czersld . Curate Ed-horn has likewise given up his tarnation as Boman Catholic priest , ana joined the church under Bonge . "He ffasdriven to this step by being taken to - _'¦•• ' _•& for attending the meetings of the Beformers ; and although he _mL-M probably have lingered some time longer in his old communion , the inquMtorial pertinacity of Ms spiritual superiors hastened his decision , as it has done that of

    fflany others . We pass by other proofs of progress , to come to the preliminary conference ofthe chiefs of the Reformation , holden at Leipsic on the llth of March , -which was attended by deputies from the cities of Berlin , Annabere , Brunswick , Breslaw , Chemnitz , Dresden , _Kber _felo , ffilucsheim , Magdeburg , and Offenbach ; Sferesburg , Oschatz , Dahlen , Zyseheppan , Penh : , Nanen , and Leignitz , spoke b y proxy , and "Worms and Wiesbaden sent letters , while Wismar , Marienbnrgh , and Oppeln intimated to the meeting their being on fhe ere of forming sister churches , to which may be added Landshut , Friestadt , Schweidnitz . Schlawenzfitz . as well as Gorlitz , in thc

    pro-Tinee of Silesia . Priest Kehbler was present , but Ronge -was prevented attending by other engagements . The meeting was professedly a preliminary tne ; the deputies delivered their credentials and _Mntnnenta . Professor Wigabd from Dresden , and the delegate from Brunswick , delivered short addresses . Priest _"tdanw-gft also addressed the assembly in Rosge's name . Several propositions wcre "agreed to for the union and safety ofthe movement , _*^ d « _immittees appointed to carry out the resolu tions . At this Conference the delegate from MagdewiR read the following address from the magistracy of that city . The address was received withloud congiatulafions : —

    "Prom the magistracy ofthe city of Magdeburg to the I committee of the German Catholic church here _consti-l ¦ ""ted , ** is dated 18 th March , 1815 , and runs as follows : — I " ith joyful surprise did we hail the first traces of your sharing in a movement springing from free and truly Ger-1 man feelings ; we have , with an ever-heightened interest , watched its progressive development and increase , and now regard thc futurity -which opens before you with the liveliest and best founded hopes . Our ancestors were once overwhe lmed by an awful calamity , while straggling for _spiriftialf-x-cdom themselves , and the deliverance of fat German nation from hierarchical tyranny ; a calamity 61 ivHch the very -recital , after the lapse of two centuries , makes every ear to tingle ; but the spirit of those brave _•" _wc-store still lives in their children , though , thanks to _"fte milder temper of onr times , they seek but to _promul-J- » i « words of peace , by peacefhl means ! Our country to the resolutions

    _T _^ wi-a * eyes of eager expectation _j _" - * _' _*" 8 ie Leipsic conference will adopt in the approaching J" *** week , and trusts , above aH , to see unanimity , and _s foaidation , at least laid , of ecclesiastical organisation _s" _} soon as that is accomplished , it will be easy to meet the _^ _astical wants of the congregation in tliis city , and ** but await that moment to prove our good will is not " _~?* _"* d by wishes of prosperity , but that we will gladly ' ¦ id our hearty co-operation to support a cause wliich r _** have tins received the stamp of doraKliry . Tou _k ' J confidently reckon on aid from the city funds in _-anug me accessary expenses of your worship . * ' Signed _- _*?•** - * chief magistrate ; Bore , _"Fabrious , Gustavus " _^ _aulzc , lippelt , Heyne , Helms , city deputies _, _^ j _^ _- _^ _o" proof of the progress of the-movement is -if found in the enthusiastic reception given to _^ GE and Czebski at Berlin ; we quote from the

    Though _several meetings of the German Catholics had b £ ai _neld for divine service in that dry , the first wliich " _^ _Propo-ly be termed a pnWicassembly of their church wok piare on _^ _g _^ _tf-Ha _^ _jnthe large lecture-room 5 * _* % _gvniaaauin _, which had been kindly grantedfor j ?* Purpose , and at this Czerski and Bonge presided - "' formerappeared in his many-coloured embroidered l _^ _fetlv vestmtnt , the latter in a black gown . Above 150 _^ ns received from their hands 1 he elements of the ¦ j ** / * *"* ' * supper ( the one dispensing thebread , and the other - * _nint _) ; and more than an equal number were forced _* _*^ gnuieniselTesto delay connnnnicating until another _^• ision . Afterdiiineserrice , _* nx ( _± Udren werebaptized 't ' tn Bnnap . - « « ... * ~ m \„„ an „ nf rt , o cervice . left the ¦»

    ¦ . , * . O J •* _*** _W _>* - _! H » _UIWWU * _W * _«*» w w—— - — a r * . to return to the carriage -which was waiting for him , _^ t-ountless multitude of men and women which had tten ? m tl , e court-yard of the gymnasium , formed gr _^ j ' * ' « sinto Berried ranks on each side his path , and _rj _2 _^ « n with sflent respect ; but so soon as he had trotrti e stxeet ' the carria _Se _"" _^ surronnded by eager _•" ¦ _" _" v and a thousand-voiced huzza arose in honour of

    "Ani « And 1 Will War, At Least In Words...

    the fcMksspriest ; who , with uncovered head and profound news , acknowled ged the joyful greetings of a _multil v aemmfA ai * 3 _o _^ e . and compelled a slow _o _*^ v . nDtiCe fe takea m any _accostl fawe se « n of ozerski having received any particular honour in leaving the place of worship , nor indeed in what manner he left it ; most probably , with bis accustomed retiring _unobtrnsiveness , "he remainedin the disrobing-room till the crowd had dispersed , and then quietly made his way to his lodgings . All who have seen this modest , and I reall * - believe truly Christian man , whether at home , amid bis flock , or in more public scenes , speak with respectful esteem ofthe simplicity with which he pursues the quiet tenor ofhis way , and the cordiality , mingled with clerical gravity , ofhis manners . There followed a public dinner in honour of both clergymen and some delegates from sister churches ( now present in Berlin , on their way back from the Leipsic conference ) ; and in the evening another

    entertainment was given ; at which , however , Ronge alone enjoyed the honour , as 'Czerski excused himself on the ground of having promised his return to his congregation at Schneidemiihl against a certain day , which necessitated him to resist the urgent entreaties of hi 5 many friends and admirers , aud to leave Berlin the same evening . Sut while Czerski ' s demeanour is lauded as a happy mixture of firmness , humility , and strictclericaldecorum , it would be highly unjust to Bonge , were the very slightest aspersion understood as being thrown upon his moral conduct by this distinction , which indeed has never been ventured on by his bitterest opponents ; but his whole eonduct , and even his professed prindples , indicate a lower grade of spirituality—a more-worldly enlightenment—thau those of Czerski . I cannot but repeat the opinion espressed in my last , and which every inquiry and occurrence confirms , that there are now two elements at work in producing a separation from Borne—a patriotic , and a religious .

    The concluding sentence ofthe above extract would form our justification—if justification were neededfor meddling with this matter . The religious convictions of our brethren of all creeds and persuasions we respect ; bat when the members of any sect choose to dissent in any degree _Jrom the creed or form of worship they have formerly adhered to , we claim for ji ij i ® - to . disaei **> express their convictions , and hold their religions communings in accordance with the dictates oftheir own minds , and if attacked or persecnted _, we deem it our duty to raise our voices m their behalf . This is nrecisely the -position of the

    German Reformers , and we should be faithless to our mission , and play but a dastardly part , if we were to hesitate tospeai out , because we might possibly alarm the prejudices of the unreflecting . But this is not all : the patriotic element is largely at work in the new movement , and that glorious spirit of liberty and love of just ice so extensively moving the hearts ofthe great German people , has apparently atlength reached the inferior orders of the priesthood , and oi that -manifestation Ko . _vge appears to be the personification and -representative . This is shown by the following extract from Ronoe ' s address to the inferior clergy

    :--Stand forth against the despotism of Borne ! Abolish superstition , that barrier to fre » agency , and the free practice of virtue ! break down the dishonoured restrictions upon conscience and religion ! Contend for the spiritual and physical well-being of your fellow-citizens , and yon will aid the people and yourselves ! Yes , arise , and burst the chains of cowardice and shame ; tear asunder the web of dissimulation which Some has woven round you , and become unfettere-l , honest priests—true teachers ofthe German people . You will become everything ! foratpresentyouarenotftiiw . Become rain . ' attain

    at last tothe conviction , that the priests exist for the people , and not the people for the priests ; that Christ established his religion , and enjoyed brotherly love , that mankind might be rendered holy and happy even while on earth ; and that it is not His wish that tbey should pine in soul and body here , in order to be saved at last , as Romish despotism teaches—dare ia achieve this conviction , and act upon it , as in duty bound ! Cast off the silly bigotry with which Bome knows how to inoculate you , and live and labour , not for Rome ' s bishop and her ambitious prelates , but with and for your fellowcitizens .

    These are noble sentiments , glorious sentiments , sentiments vindicatory of principles for the triumph of which we labour . To Ko . vge and his compatriots we therefore wish good speed , and may their labours and sufferings hasten the day when light and liberty snauiUnsnne and bless the entire German people , and the reign of priestly fraud , political tyranny , and social wrong be known no more I

    The Land! Within That Land Was Many A Ma...

    THE LAND ! Within that land was many a malcontent , Who curs'd the tyranny to which hc bent ; the soil lull many a wringing despot saw , Who work'dhis wantonness In form of law . Byron . "A people among whom equality reigned , would -possess CTerything they wanted where they possessed the means of subsistence . Why should they pursue additional wealth or territory ? No man can cultivate more than a certain portion of land . "— Godwin . "No one is able to produce a charter from heaven , or has any better title to a particular possession than his _ntaghbour . "—Foley . " There could be no such thing as landed property originally . Man did not make the earth , and , though he had a natural right to occupy it , he had no right to locate as his properly in perpetuity any part of it ; neither did the Creator of the earth open a land office , from whence tbe first title deeds should issue . "— Thomas Paine . Tbeland shall not be sold for ever . —Moses .

    " There is no foundation iu nature or in natural law , why a set of words upon parchment should convey the dominion of land . _"—Btactstone . " The land or earth , in any country or neighbourhood , * mtheve _* cytting in or on the same , or pertaining thereto , "belongs at all times to the living inhabitants of tho said country or neighbourhood in an equal manner . For , there is no living but onlandandits productions ; consequently , what we cannot live without , we have the same property in as in our lives . "— Thomas Spence . "The'feindisthepMple _* _sinh'Mtence _* , a * adkingB , pi _* Mices , peers , nobles , priests , and commoners , who have stolen it from them , held it upon the title of popular ignorance , rather than upon any right , human or divine . "— Feargus GfCoxixior . .

    . _ __ _ "M y reason teaches me thatfand _camiof be sold . Tbe Great Spirit gave it to his children to live upon , and cultivate , as far as is necessary for their subsistence ; and so long - as tbey occupy and cultivate it , they have the right to the soil— "but if they voluntarily leave it , then any other people have a right to settle _uponit . Nothing can be sold , bnt such things as can be carried away . "—Black Hawk . "Every indiridnal possesses , legitimately , the thing which his labour , his _inteuigence ( . or _mwe generaUy ) which his activity has created . .. .. , " This principle is incontestible , and itis well to remark tha t it contains _csuresslv an acknowledgment of the right

    of all to the soil . For as the soil has not been created by man , it follows from the fundamental principle of property , that it cannot belong to any small portion of the human race , who have cteatedit "by their activity . _Lw us then conclude that the true theory of property is founded on the ' creation of ihe thing possessed . '"—Fourier . " If man has a right to light , air , and water , which no one will attempt to question , he has a right also to the _lanif , which is just as necessary for the maintenance of his subsistence . If every person had an equal share of the soil , poverty would be unknown in the world , ana crime wonld disappear with want "—Mike Walsh . the

    " As the nature and wants of all men are alike , wants of all must be equal ; aud as human existence is dependent on the same contingencies , it follows that the great field for all exertion , aud the raw material of all wealth , fhe earth , is the common property of all its inhabitants . "—John Francis Bray . " "What monopoly inflicts evils of such magnitude as that of land ! It is die _soleoarrier to _natranat prosperity Thepeople , the only creators of wealth , possess knowledge ; they possess industry ; andif they possessed land , they could set all other monopolies at defiance ; they would then be enabled to employ machinery for their own benefit * , and the world would behold with delight and _astonidnnentthe beneficial effects of this mighty engine , when properly directed . "—Autftor of the " Reproof of Brutus . "

    _HM « a _^

    SUFFERINGS OF THE SCOTTISH POOR .-THE POOR LAW . "We this week again present to our readers two letters from the correspondent of the _Tinies , exposing the wrongs which the poor of the Scottish Highlands are subjected to , and the state of the law which should have prevented those sufferings , but -which has been found powerless to that end . The " _reporta" ef the Times " assistant commissioner " are most valuable , and the gratitude of every friend of humanity is due to the conductors of that journal for the efficient means adopted by them to lay before the public tie truth of the present state of things in the far north . To aid in the extensive publicity of that truth we are resolved to do our best .

    Perhaps it may be as well at the outset to indicate the course we intend topursue in the series of articles we now commence on the Land question . Our resolve to no longer delay the discussion of this allimportant question has been taken in consequence of the horrible system of extermination now going on in the Highlands—a system based upon the assumed right of the landlord to "do what he likes with his own ;'' a right we deny to exist , and whieh we pledge ourselves to prove has no foundation either in natural or constitutional law . But goaded bythe crimes of the aristocracy , we are detennined to push the _inqiiiry further than this—and to shew not only that the landlords have not the right to do as they like with the land , but further , that they have no right to the land itself , their present ownership being an usurpation , whether tried by tie principles of what is called the British Constitution , or by the principles of natural right . \ j \ jU & vAari **> _± VA * f _•*•»* _*• ¦ " _* V _*¦* - *"" _t * < t * t \\• the ui

    . Before , however , we come to this partof - quirv , we think it will be judicious to fast . direct attention to the circumstances out of which this investigation has arisen-the state of the poor in Scotland , and the inadequacy of the Poor Lawsot that countrv to afford even relief , —we willnot sayjustice , —to the sufferere . It may be objected , that it the Scottish Poor Law is to be discussed , it should be discussed under a distinct head , and not under the head of "The Land * , " but we think difierently . Pauperism and inadequate provision for the destitute necessarily spring from , and are connected with , tne unjust appropriation and _maladministration ol _^ tne soil , and therefore rightly form part and parcel ot tne great question—as do also the iniquitous Game Laws and the sufferings they produce . Again , at this juneture , inquiry into the Scottish Poor Laws knecessary , as those laws are just now under the consideration ofthelegislature . And , _lastty > entermgnponan inquiry as to the right of the aristocracy to the land ,

    The Land! Within That Land Was Many A Ma...

    it is only fan * that we should precede such inquiry by ascertaimng how they have fulfilled the duties which , it is acknowledged by all parties , they owe to the rest ot the conimunity . Our course , therefore , in the series of articles we intend to lay before our readers , will , most probably , be as Mows : — 1 st . To detail the facts connected with the present g ate of the poor in Seotland-and , incidentally , in _England , Wales , and Ireland , as narrated in the Times newspaper , and from other available sources . 2 nd . To investigate into the "constitutional" and legal" right of the landlords to theland ; the duties attached to their alleged " right ; " and whether those duties have been fulfilled by them . 3 rd . To inquire whether the landlords' assumed

    right to the exclusive possession of the soil is in accordance with natural right , and the laws of eternal justice . The great length of the letters given below from the Times , combined with other lengthy matters , sueh as thc important Parliamentary debate of two nights on Lord John Russell ' s resolutions , prevent us going further into the subject this week , but next week we hope to address our readers at greater length . In thc meantime we recommend to our readers , particularly in Scotland , their attentive perusal ofthe two letters from the Times , especially the second letter , which lucidly explains the origin and present state of the Scottish Poor Law . Ofthe proposed " amendment" of that law we shall have something to say in our next . '

    LETTISH I , THE COSDITIOS FO THE POOR IN _aCOTLiNO . Dobnoch , _ScinEB-vANBsniBE , Mav 20 . —My attention whilst here has been directed , from reading * some articles in your columns , to the actual condition of the poor under the existing Scotch Poor Law ; and if that condition be , as it has been acknowledged , " not what it ought to be , " to trace to what it is owing—to the law , or to its administration , or non-administration , and therein to inquire as to the apparent necessity of any change in the law , and whether the proposed change is likely to better the condition of the poor . With this object I left Ardgay , in Rossshire , to proceed to this , the principal town in Sutherlandsbire , a distance of about twelve miles , intending to visit such cottages as were within an approachable distance of the road , and to see their condition and that of their inmates myself _.

    The first parish I entered on crossing Bonar-bridge into Sutherlandshirewas that of Criech , According to the report of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the Poor law , the population of this parish in 1841 was 2 , 567 ; in 1842 there wcre 101 paupers , and £ 33 was distributed among them . There are now 140 paupers on the roll . The Kirk Sessions collection used to be from £ 14 to £ 18 before the secession . It is from £ 8 to £ 10 now . There are fiveheritors in the parish , who subscribe among them £ 14 . So that since the commissioners report the number of paupers increased from 101 to 140 , and the amount for their support is decreased from £ 83 to £ 24 . There is a fund of about £ 200 , arising partly from donations , and partly from a sum subscribed for the relatives of a number of persons who were drowned

    many years ago , called the "Meikle-ferry Fund , " which is in the hands of trustees for the poor , and this sum is now being distributed . The extent of the parish is forty miles long by seven to nine wide . In the commissioners ' report Mr . Duncan Ross , Sessions clerk , states the amount of relief to the paupers "to vary from 2 s . ' to Ss . a-year ;" tbat they maintain themselves Chiefly by begging ; that " the chief food of the paupers is potatoes ; " " that he is Id the habit of seeing the paupers in their own dwellings , " and that "the aged and the infirm are not properly provided for . " He mentions the case of a blind woman on the roll , who then got 5 s . a year , and lived in the house of a distant relation , a middle-aged man of 40 or 50 years of age . This woman is the first I went te see , and I will describe te you her condition .

    Ann Campbell lives in the cottage of James Frazer , a small fanner , who married her niece , since dead . He is just able to pay his rent . The cottage is in Crieeh , on the hill side , within 300 yards of the church , and within 100 yards of the minister ' s , the Rev . Mr . Murdo Cameron's house . The cottage was warm , and rather better than those around it ; low roofed with turf ; divided into four compartments—the cow-shed , a sort of family room , a bed-room , and a room in which the old woman was ; mud . floor ; peat fire on the floor , with a hole in the roof to l <* the smoke out There was no appearance of want in it , as there was a bag of meal there , and sufficient chairs and tables and crockery . Another niece of the old woman , who could not speak English , was making oatcakes , and managing the house for the farmer . After a

    short salutation I asked to see the old woman , and with many warnings to stoop under tbe low doorways and to mind and not fall , I was shown into a room , which was quite dark , but in which , from the streak of light through the doorway , I saw a hin with potatoes ia it at one side . I then heard the woman talk to and attempt to rouse some one , an attempt which was answered by a low and continued kind of grunt or moan , and I was told to go near . I would no !* , as it was quite dark , without a light , for wluch I asked , and the younger woman brought a piece of lighted stick from the fire , by the light of which I almost started back at the shocking and disgusting objec t close to my feet . On a bed on the floor , in a kind of bin , in this dark hole , lay the pauper woman , covered with a coarse rug , like sacking , the colour of the mud floor . The pillow for her head and the covering about

    her person were of the same colour and coarse material _. Round her head was wrapped or twisted , without any kind of form , a most filthy-looking cloth , also the colour of the mud floor . The poor old creature was covered with vermin , and she kept repeating an uneasy and impatient grunt or moan . Her niece did not know her enact age , but said she was between seventy and eighty , and blind and deaf . She had been bedridden in the place where I saw her for eighteen months . The minister called at the cottage once when there was a funeral , but had not been to see them for the last eight years . Since the disruption in the church they had gone to hear the Free Church minister . The niece ' s name , who told me this , is Hannah Campbell . She received 3 s . or 4 s . a-year from the poor's fund . This year she had received 3 s , and a "fairlot " ( two pecks ) of meal from Mr . Dempster , one of the heritors .

    I will make no comment on this case . I left the cottage with a strong feeling of disgust , which was not lessened at seeing the house of the miuister , of whom mention had been made , within a stone ' s throw . The next place I passed through was Spiningdale . Some years ago a cotton-factory was built by a Glasgow company in this vale , which gathered round it a small population , and a considerable number of stone cottages were built here . The factory , however , was burnt down , and has never been re-erected , and as a consequence the village went to decay . It presents a melancholy spectacle of ruin ; eight out of every ten cottages are roofless . The population which remains is in a wretched state of destitution .

    The first man shown to me here on the poor's roll was William Calder , aged 92 , He formerly occupied usmaW farm , but was turned out last year ; he then got a cottage , with half an acre of land , upon a moor , wliich he cannot now cultivate . His daughter , the wife of a labourer at Glasgow , takes care of hhn ; but her husband has sent for her , and he does not know what he shall do . He was at the last distribution allowed 3 s . and a stone of meal * , the meal was from the heritors : the money from the Kirk Session . That was all he was allowed for the year . He was supported partly by what his son-in-law seuthim , and partly by begging ; "but , " said the old man , " every one has enough to do for themselves . "

    I went next to the cottage of Ellen Cameron , who is on the poor ' s roll . It was a most wretched place —one of the dilapidated cottages patched up , but to which the weather had access from all corners , There was no fire in it ; some chairs of a better description than usual ; some broken dishes as crockery ; a kettle , a pan , and abed . This constituted the furniture . She is a widow , withfive children ; the eldest . 15 years of age , is atservice the vest are depending upon her , the youngest 4 years old Her husband was a sheriff ' s officer at Bonar , and died two years ago . Her furniture was taken after his death

    to pay the rent . She was takea ill last winter , * _jwd whilst sick was put on the poor ' s roll , and had 3 s . given to her . Since then she has had 3 s . and some meal given to her , which is her whole support , besides what she could get by begging , which she has had for five months . The meal she got just lasted a fortnight . She did not think she could keep herself aud family alive under 4 s Cd . a-week . They required a stone of meal a-week , wliich costs 2 s . ; and potatoes , a little tea for herself , and soap , and bits of clothing , would consume the rest . Since she had lived there she had never tasted butter or cheese , or meat of any kind . She was dressedin rags .

    I then went to some cottages on the lull , and entered tbat of Fanny Murray , who is on the poor ' s roll . She was dressed in rags ; is 76 years of age , and has been seven or eight years on the roll . About a month ago she got a distribution of 3 s . and a " fairlot" of meal . Never before got more than 2 s . or 2 s . Cd . a year . Has been unable to work for fourteen years . Her son , a sickly young man , has au acre of land on thc moor , which he cultivates , and goes out as a labourer on the roads , when he can get work , and gets Is . a-day . She lived with his assistance and that of her neighbours . The cottage was miserable . The peat fire was on the mud floor in the middle of the room , and the smoke found its way out at the

    doorway . I next drove through Clashmore , which is , I am informed , in the parish of Dornoch , This parish is ten miles long by six broad . The population in 1841 was 2 , 714 ; in 1842 , eighty-five paupers were received , and , according to the evidence given before the commission , £ 7710 s . was distributed among them . Thc average allowance , according to the evidence of the Bev . Angus Kennedy , the minister of Dornoch , was 8 s . to 9 s . a year , the whole fund not being distributed . According to the evidence of Mr . Fraser , tbe senior magistrate of Dornoch , in . the commissioners' report , " the poor are certainly not sufficiently provided for ; the funds are inadequate to their proper support . " This gentleman is of opinion that " voluntary contributions" should be tried before recourse should be had to an assessment for the support of the poor . _Inspecting the " voluntary contributions , " it need only be said there is much occasion for them , and nothing to prevent them .

    In 1844 , the number of paupers on the roll was 139 ; the amount gathered by the Kirk Session was £ 23 8 s . 4 d . To this is to be added the interest on about £ 800 , which has been derived from donations and legacies and the Meikleferry Fund , given to the Kirk Session for distribution , but which has been hoarded up and put out at interest ; the interest amounts to £ 33 12 s . 3 d . The sole heritor , the Duke of Sutherland , pays £ 8 as his contribution , _and

    The Land! Within That Land Was Many A Ma...

    allows a number of cottages in . different parts of the parish to the poor at a nominal rent . The rent of the parish in 1810 was £ 2 , 96917 s . 10 d „ it is now £ 3 , 196 8 s . I proceed now to describe the condition of some ofthe paupers that I visited in this parish . Janet Munro is a widow , sixty years of age , who lives on t iie moor of Clashmore . Her ) husband was drowned at the Meikle-ferry , in 1809 . Part of the sum of £ 800 in Dornoch parish , lent out at interest , is derived from collections then made in aid of the relatives of those who were then drowned . She lives alonewith no one to

    at-, tend her . Her cottage is a miserable hut on the hill side . TheoW woman said , " sho had neither furniture nor friends . She had been fifteen years on the _poor's-roll , and before the disruption in the church she got about 7 s or 8 s . a-year . Since the disruption she has only received 3 s . this year , wliich the minister gave her out of lus own pocket . But for the assistance of her neighbours , she would starve . Two or three of her neighbours to the west were very good to her ; but she could not often walk about and see them . Her food is potatoes , and a little meal , when she gets it giveu to her .

    I walked over the hill to a place called Cyder-hall , where there is a cluster of poor cottages . I entered one ! The name of the occupant was Catherine Gordon , a Widow , iu bad health , aged forty-six , liaving two young chUdren dependent upon her . Her husband died of cancer in Inverness Infirmary two years ago , leaving her with seven child- *; ,.- ; all but two werc away from her . The first year after her husband ' s death she received 8 s . relief from the poor's fund . She xras obliged this year to petition for relief , when she was asked if she would be satisfied with the Kirk Session relief . Hot understanding the object of tbe question , she said she wonld , and signed as paper to that effect _.-and _' then received 5 s „ which was all she had got this year . Her object in

    petitomng was , that the Court of Session might order her a weekly allowance , as she was near starring ; and she complained of having been deceived into signing tiie paper . She laid out the 5 s . in potatoes , and with the help of her neighbours she was just kept alive . After her husband ' s death she was nearly twelve months in bed , and was now unable to work or get about ; anil a grown daughter who is in service came and managed for her and the children . | The cottage or hut was perfectly miserable and dilapidated . Tliere was the usual furniture in it , a low deal table , two rush chairs , some boxes , two or three plates and dishes , and a bed . Excepting a haudfulof meal now and then given to her by her neighbours , she never tasted anything but potatoes .

    The next hut to this , which seemed in danger of falling , was that of Eliza Ross , single woman , aged seventyfour—the interior a miserable hovel of the usual description . She applied by petition for 2 s . a-week relief . The Kirk Session put her off by giving her 5 s ., which was the only relief she had since the disruption In the church iu 1813 . She is helpless and cannot do anything , and has been on the poor's roll twenty years . She never got more than 6 s . a-year . She has not tasted meat for years ; and the poor old creature laughed with incredulous astonishment that I should ask her such a question . She lives on potatoes and meal , which her neighbours give her .

    The next cottage to this was that of Andrewina Mackie ; she is sixty years old , and has been bedridden sit months . The doctor attends her . She has received Ss . from the Kirk Session this year , and got 5 s . last year ; she has a son eighteen years of age , who attends upon her , and helps to support her , and her neighbours assist her With bread and potatoes . She Is helpless ; and cannot wash her own clothes . She was lying in a room quite dark . The window was without frame or glass , and was stopped up with a board to keep the wind out . I then drove on to Dornoch . In this town I visited the

    cottage of Kate M'Leod , She is in bad health , and aged fifty-four . Has no relations , and has been twelve years on the roll . Has 5 s . a-year allowed . lives on potatoes , which her neighbours give her , and never tastes meat , She had 2 s . fid . given her when the Duke's daughter was married , about a year ago . There was a small table in the room , on which she sat as on a stool ; a small wooden stool , a bed , a few potatoes in one corner , and two or three plates . This was the furniture . The cottage she had rent-free . She had not yet this year received anything by way of relief .

    The next cottage I entered was that of Margaret Grey , aged sixty , a single woman , in bad health . She lives alone , and has no one to take care of her . Was bedridden the whole whiter . Lives on potatoes and meal , when she happens to get auy given her . Neves tastes meat . Received last year 8 s . Cd . from the Kirk Session . This year had not received anything . There was scarcely any furniture in the place and no fire . She was not able to go to the minister to complain ; and the minister never came near her . The Free Church minister sometimes saw her and helped her a little . She never begged from door to door , but her neighbours supported her . Ihave given you a description of the cases justasl saw them . I have taken nobody ' s represeifflltion one way or the other ; I saw them myself . The simple description of the way in which these poor people live , or rather starve , is enough , without any further attempt at awaken _, ing sympathy . I will merely add , that I never saw human beings in a lower state of degradation and wretchedness .

    _-u M . THE SCOTCH POOR LAW . Dornoch , Sutherlandshire , Thursday , May 22 . In my last letter I gave you a description of the actual condition in which the paupers of this part of Scotland ave compelled to live , derived from my own personal ob _servation of some score of cases which I minutely inquired into in the cottages of the paupers whose condition I described , and who told me with their own lips the information I sent you . Without repeating similar evidence I may add that I have since visited Golspie , some ten miles further north , on the east coast of Sutherlandshire , near which town is Dunrobin Castle , the mausion of his Grace the Duke of Sutherland . In this town I saw several more paupers in their cottages in precisely

    the same miserable condition , the rate of allowance being about the same . An old man of 82 years of age had 5 s . a-year to support him ; a widow , with two children dependent upon her , 7 s , 6 d . a-year , and so on ; the amount derived chiefly out of the Kirk Session collection , the Duke of Sutherland contributing £ 6 a-ycar to the parish . The population , in 1841 , was 1 , 146 ; in 1842 there were sixty-seven paupers relieved , and that number is now increased ; and the sum distributed amongst the paupers , which is now about the same , was then £ 38 3 s . Cd ., or about 9 s . or 10 s . _a-j _* ear each on an average . Their food is chiefly potatoes , and sometimes a little meal and fish . The Duke of Sutherland , who is the sole heritor , has the reputation ofbeing very liberal to the poor , in permitting them to have holdings at nominal rents , and in private acts of charity . These briefly ave the facts .

    It will not be amiss , for the benefit of your English readers , who do not understand much about tbe Scotch Poor Law and its administration beyond tbis , that it has been the fashion to praise both , briefly to explain it . By an Act passed in the yeav 1579 , c . 74 , in the reign of James VI . of Scotland , power is given to the magistrates in burghs , and justices constituted by the King ' s commission in landward parishes , " by the gude discretions of the saidis Frorests , Sic ., and sik as they shall call to them to that effect , to taxe and stent the hail inhabitants within the parochin , according to the estimation of their substance , without exception of persones , to sik weekly charge and contribution « s saUoe _tWit _expedient and s « fficient to sustain- * the saidis pure people . "

    By a proclamation of WiUiam and Mary , dated , the llth of Au"ust _, 1692 , the heritors , ministers and elders of every parish are required twice in the year to meet at their parish kirk , " and there to make lists of all the poor within then * parish , and to cast up the quota of what may entertain tliem according to their respective needs , and to cast the said quota , one-half upon tU 'tevUovs , _axxd the other half upon the householders of the parish ; and to collect the same in the beginning of every week , month , or quarter , a § they " ihall i » _-Jge most fit ; and to appoint two overseer ; yearly to collect and distribute the said maintenance to the poor according to their several needs . " Aud by a subsequent proclamation of William and Mary , under date the 29 th of August , 1693 , the magistrates of burghs royal are commanded "to meet and stent themselves conform to such order and custom used and wonted in laying on stents , annuities , or other publie burdens , in the respective burgh as may be most effectual to reach all the inhahitants . * and the heritors ofthe several vacant

    parishes likewise to meet and stent themselves for the maintenance of then * said respective poor" in manner appointed by the former proclamation . "And all the _iiiiiiist « i _* s and _heritox-s are hereby required to give timeous intimation to the sheriff of the shire if any parish or person sluittfail _inpsrformnce of this Christian duty in hail or in pairt , " on which they aro to be called before the sheriff and fined double the quota wanting . This is the whole of the law for any compulsory provision fbr the poor , ( Speech of the Lord Advocate . Dunlop's Parochial Laws , page 229 . ) It has been since settled in practice that heritors arc liable in an assessment for the support of the poor of the parish where the property lies , although not inhabitants of the parish . ( Dunlop ' s Scotch Parochial Law . Ed . 1830 . page 280 . )

    In the case of " Higgins v . tiie Barony Parish of Glasgow" ( Dunlop Ibid , page 377 ) , it was held , that assuming the applicant to be a proper object of relief , the heritors and Kirk Session are bound by the acts of Parliament to give aid ; they have no discretion to refuse relief , where the person is a proper object . If they should refuse relief , their decision is subject to the control of the Court of Session ; and if they should award " an elusory aliment , " the Supreme Court would hare the same power of control . An " elusory aliment" has been defined to denote

    " something that is not done , but only . pretended to be done . " ( Per Lord Cockburn hi " Duncan v . Heritors & c , of Ceres . " . Scold ' s / ' Jurist , vol , 15 . ) It was , howl ever , long left an unsettled point , merely because it was uot tried , whether the Court of Session could review the determination of the heritors and Kirk Session of aparish in _regard to the amount of aliment awarded to a pauper , it being acceded in tbat the fixing of this amount was discretionary , and under the words of the act need only be such " as shall be thocht expedient and sufficient , " though subsequent decisions had held that it must not be " elusory . "

    This point , however , has recently been fully settled in the case of "Elizabeth Pryde , or Duncan , advocator , v . the Heritor and Kirk Session of Ceres , respondents " ( reported in 15 Scottish Jurist , 1842-43 , p . 287 ) , and it is now producing a considerable change in the administration of the law . In this case the advocator was a widow with seven children , the eldest under fourteen years of- age , She presented a petition for relief to the Kirk Session of Ceres

    The Land! Within That Land Was Many A Ma...

    who agreed to give her an allowance of 3 s . Cd . a week , being at the rate of Cd . a week for each cliild . Not satisfied with the allowance , she presented another petition to the heritors and Kirk Session , who gave what is termed in the Scotch law , " a deliverance" ( i . e ., exonerating the Kirk Session from blame , and rejecting the petition ) , finding , that under all the circumstances the allowance was sufficient . She then presented a note of advocation ( appealed to the Court of Session ) , and iu her statement of facts set forth amongst other things , " that the allowance of 3 s . 6 d . a week was so utterly inadequate as to be altogether elusory . " The respondents replied , that sue was incompetent to advocate her claim , because it brought

    uuder review a judgment of the respondents as to thc < 2 «<* m turn of aliment ; and the aliment was not alleged to be totally inadequate . On the first hearing , in giving judgment , tho Lord Ordinary held " that beyond all doubt the Court of Session possessed a power of review ofthe proceedings of the Kirk Session and heritors in tlieir modification of the aliment of the paupers ; but it had been laid down that in the exercise of that power the Court should not rashly disturb the quantum of aliment awarded , unless it Bhould appear that an allowance was given so plainly elusory as to amount in substance to a refusal to execute those statutes which devolved upon them the charge of the poor . " The judgment on tliis hearing was , that the amount giveu was not elusory .

    This decision was again appealed from , or , in the Scotch law phrase , " the advocator reclaimed ; " and a ease was ordered to be prepared for the opinion of the whole Court on the _faUomng questions * . — . "I . "Whether , generally , it is competent to bring under review of this Court , by advocation or otherwise , the determination of tbe heritors and Kirk Session ofa parish with regard to the allowances for the poor ? " 2 . Whether , in particular , after an allowance for a poor person has been fixed be the said body on due inquiry , it is competent to bring under the review of this Court the question as to thc advocacy of tbe amount of such

    allowance . " 3 . Whether itis competent for the Court to ordain the payment of any particular rate of allowance for the poor , orthefmposition of any particular rate of taxation to provide for payment of allowances to tho poor . " In pronouncing the final decision the Lord President said , — " The controlling power of tho Court to interpose in the case of a . mere nominal or elusory aliment seems hardly to be disputed ; but if s » , where is the limit to be drawn ? If the Court is not entitled to interfere but in the case of an elusory and a defective aliment , then thc result must be , that wliere there is a wrong done it is to be without

    remedy , and must hold it competent to bring uuder the review of this Court the sufficiency or adequacy of the aliment awarded . As to the first question , I do not think it admits of any doubt , Questions have been entertained generaUy , when the right of relief was denied , or the liability of particular individuals in parishes disputed . We have never scrupled to do so . The second question I am disposed to answer in the same _xray . If ihe heritors and Kirk Session err in judgment , assuming that to be needful sustentation which is not so , I don't see any solid ground on wliich we can refuse redress . Indeed , tho necessity of redress seems more clamant in the ease ofthe poor than of any other . "

    Lord Jeffrey said" If anything is clear in law , nothing seems to me 50 clear as that the poor of this country have a legal title to needful sustenance . Indeed , at common law , if a man has not forfeited liis rights , I should think he has a good right to needful sustenance , which is only in other words a right to live . This right , I suspect , lies a little deeper than tho right of property itself ; but I don't go into that . " In giving judgment on the third point , as to tho sufficiency of aliment awarded , the Lord President , after stating that the words of the statute contained a direelio ttiiperitiva entitling the pauper to " needful sustenance , " proceeds to say-

    " What then is ' needful sustenance ? ' If the party is impotent altogether , it must he what is _xmessary for her support ; or if , like here , there is an infant family , ' needful sustenance ' must mean the sustenance needful for them all . Now , needful sustenance is that which is not only necessaiy to preserve from starvation , but also to prevent the health from being injured by scantiness of food . That I take to be the meaning of thc act . Not only are soul and body to bo kept together , but the health must not suffer . 1 do not think that the 3 s . Gd . is sufficient to eke out what is necessary to constitute needful sustenance . " The Court then pronounced the following judgment : —

    " That it is competent for this Court to review the determination of the heritors and Kirk Session ofa parifh in regard to the amount of aliment awarded to paupers applying for _reliefs That tlio allowance awavded was not sufficient , as needful sustentation , for the family of the advocator , under the circumstances in which it was placed ; and the respondents are ordained to reconsider the advocator ' s application for relief , and to award such addition to the sum formerly fixed upon as weekly aliment as may be reasonable under the whole circumstances of her case . "

    Such , then , is the law as it now stands . In theory , most effectual ; in practice , or rather in its administration , it has been seen how insufficient . Thc _proclamation of 1693 points out the course which " minister and heritors" are required to take , if any parish or person shall fall In the performance of " the Christian duty , in hail or pairt , " of supporting the poor . In the case last quoted the Lord President held " that the power of the Court of Session to interpose in the case of a mere nominal or elusory aliment was hardly disputed . " Will it be questioned that IJd . to 2 Jd . '' 1 piveek is not an " elusory

    aliment % " If it be an " elusory aliment" ivith an " undisputed" remedy , how does it happen that the ministers and heritors , the proper guardians of the rights and interests Ofthe poor , "faUed in the Christian duty" of enforcing the remedy ? Why just thus , because the heritors _themselves , so far asthey were concerned , would have to supply a sufficient aliment , if enforced , and thc ministers were often their most obsequious friends . The poor , therefore , contrary to the law , in breach ofa "Christian duty , " have been let remain in slow starvation and wretchedness .

    ti . KD AND _POJCtiTION OF THE _BHVT 1 S _11 _ISUNDS . It is generally set down as a thing decided , that the British Islands are over populated . This is not the truth —it is the very reverse of the truth . The British Islands contain over fifty millions of acres of tola " , and they do not contain over half that number of inhabitants . Now , for every man , his wife and five children , in the British Islands , there are no less than fourteen acres of land ' . The country is not over populated , Quito the reverse . The writer of tbis , in travelling from Liverpool to London , saw , comparat ively , little else than black , dingy , smokey , soul-and-body-blasting factories , crowded into heaps at every interval , whilst the miles of open green country lying between , seemed unconscious of a plough from the morning of creation .

    John Bull is a great man for roast beef , and he takes a most expensive and uneconomical way of getting hold of this his favorite luxury . Take , for example , an English ox fatted for slaughter . He is five years old , and ho has consumed on an average the product of two acres and a half of land yearly . Now if it be true what Goldsmith says , in Iris inimitable " Deserted Village , " " A time there was , ere England ' s griefs began , * When every rood of ground maintained its man . " If this be true , then just count up how many human beings must give place to the ox , during his five years of grass and hay eating . And then remember that his whole carcase , hide , horns and all , would not support an ordinary family for three months .

    The truth is , _Ewglaiid is wet _popvilPVcd only because the people have no share in the soil bf Enghxid . Immenso tracts of it are laid out in the solitary demesnes of _nollell men , Over many a square mile of surfaco human foot never treads , s & ve the solitary stalk of "My Lord's " gamekeeper , whilst the " Lord" himself , perhaps , " Down Italian vista startles , W _>—• hunting among groves of myrtles . " As Burns most irreverently , but _mikt truly , has it , Thus no inconsiderable portion of the soil of England is wasted and rendered useless , as effectually as if it had been created a desert blank—aud on the other side , immense tracts of it are kept for the « se of brute beasts , one ox being supplied with as much of its surface as would , with due cultivation , afford subsistence to a good sized family But then the lord patroai * s will do with , it just what they please , and there is no use in remonstrating with them . —AUmxxy _Fx-eeholder ( U . 8 . );

    Lord Eldon's Pills. Habitual Costiveness...

    LORD ELDON'S PILLS . HABITUAL Costiveness ( said the late Mr . Abernethy ) 1 have no hesitation in stating , is the foundation of all diseases ' . —These PiUs are from the prescription ofa celebrated Court Physician , and were used by the late Lord Eldon . They are put forth as calculated to remove two complaints , to both of which Gentlemen of the learned professions are more or less subject—viz ,, Costiveness and Indigestion ; and arc patronised by the highest officers of the State . Sold , in boxes , at ls , _ljd ., 2 s . 9 d ., and silvered , 4 s . fid ., by all respectable druggists and medicine vendors in the kingdom ; and wholesale , at 13 , Great St . Thomas Apostle , London .

    _ftomt _intemflwwt

    London- Cork Exchange, Monday, Mat 2(3.—...

    London- Cork Exchange , Monday , Mat 2 ( 3 . —The supplies of wheat , flour , and malt , coastwise were moderate during the past week , whilst the arrivals of English barley , oats , beans , and peas were very small . Beyond a moderate quantity of oats , there were no receipts either from Scotlandor Ireland ; from abroad , however , rather a liberal supply of the last named grain , fair arrivals of wheat , barley , and beans , and a few liundred quarters ofneas came to hand . Tliis morning thc show of wheat by land-carriage samples from thc neighbouring counties was small , nor werc thefrosh

    arrivals of any other article at all important . Up to Friday night tho weather rem ained very cold , but since then the wind has got to thc south-west and the temperature has risen . The mind's manifested more anxiety to buy ; wheat this morning than on any previous occasion for months past ; factors wore , therefore , induced to ask ls . to 2 s . per qr . more , and a tolerable extent of business was done at the advance . Foreign wheat , though less enquired for than that of home growth , was also dearer . The bonded demand appears to _luvfe slackened in consequence oJ

    Ar00709

    the high pretensions of holders ; the actual sales effected to morning were trivial . Flour was held at enhanced rates , and there was some uncertainty as to the nominal top p rice of town-made . English barley was scarce , and purchases could not be made on as easy terms as this day se ' nnight ; for foreign parcels higher rates were also asked , notwitlistanding whicli several lots changed hands . Thc operations in malt werc on a restricted scale , but prices had an . upward tendency . Oats being very generally held Cd . to ls . per qr . higher than on Monday last , the dealers acted with extreme caution , and the rise could only be obtained from country buyers . English bean ? commanded a ready sale at an advance of 6 d . to Is . per qr ., but Egyptian , whether free or bonded , were uot dearer . Peas , without beingmuch inquired for , firmly supported their previous value . Canary seed was in fair supply , but held at former terms . Prices of rapeseed aiid linseed were rather higher . In cloversecd , tares , & c , tliere was little passing . CURRENT PRICES OP OttAINPER IMPERIAL

    , QUARTER _.-Br « wJS . s a as Wheat , Essex , & Kent , _iw & old red 44 50 "White SO 66 _Norfolk and Lincoln . ... do 15 49 Ditto 50 52 _Noi'thum . and Scotch white 42 47 Fine 50 5 t —Irish red old 0 0 Red 44 _4 S White 48 49 Rye Old 30 31 New 28 30 Brank 3 i 35 Hurley Grinding .. 24 20 Distil . 27 30 Malt . 30 33 Malt Brown .... 52 54 Pale 55 59 Ware 00 62 Beans Ticksolditnew 34 37 Harrow 3 G 39 Pigeon 40 42 Peas Grey 35 30 Maple 37 33 White 38 39 Oats Lincolns & Yorkshire Feed 22 23 Poland 24 26 Scotch Angus 22 21 Potato 25 28 Irish White 20 23 Black 20 21 Per 2801 b . net . s s Per 280 lb . net . s s Town-made Flour ... 42 44 Norfolk & Stockton 02 34 Essex and Ken , t .... 34 36 Irish 34 36 Free . Bond .

    Foreign . s s is Wheat , Dantsic , Konigshurg , Sic 53 57 88 39 Marks , Mecklenburg ....... . 51 62 38 3 * Danish , Ilolstein , and Friesland red 43 45 27 29 Russian , Hard 44 46 Soft ... 44 48 27 28 Italian , Red . . 47 48 White ... 51 52 30 35 Spanish , Hard . 46 48 Soft .... 48 52 30 M Rye , Baltic , Dried , ... 28 30 Undried , . 28 30 21 22 Barlev , Grindiug . 24 26 Malting . . 28 32 19 24 Beans , Ticks . . 34 35 Egyptian . 34 35 27 3 D Peas , White . . S 7 SO Maple . . 36 37 28 34 Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick 24 26 lt il Uussianfced , 21 22 15 18 Danish , Friesland feed 21 23 15 17 Flour , per barrel 24 25 19 20

    Loxdos Smithfield Cattle Market , Monday , Mat 26 . —Thc observations we offered under this head a fortnight since , respecting the future value of mutton in this market , having been realised , we shall , on tho present occasion , make a few remarks illustrative of the position in which we find the demand at present , and from which a few practical hints of the highest importance may be drawn . Aa wc predicted , in the period above referred to , the quotations of sheep have been maintained , even to tlio extreme range which they have assumed during the present _seauon : and the question still asked is- * will thoy continue to be supported ? We have before pointed out the primary cause of thc present high rates of mutton , and wc may now add that our advices from various parts of England , but more

    particularly from Yorkshire and the other northern grazing counties , state that the numbers of sheep at present destined for this market are much smaller than was the case at the corresponding season in 1814 ; while , from most other parts , wc conceive there will be a slight comparative falling off in the receipts during the next month or six weeks . Rather an important feature is , however , observable here at this moment ; wc mean tho nearly average numbers of sheep brought forward , and thc continuance ofa firm inquiry . But it is not always the numerical strength of the supply that regulates value . For instance , the sheep brought forward during the whole of the month—a natural consequence ofthe excessive drought experienced last year—have proved very light weighers , consequently tho actual quantity of

    meat has pvovcdless than many persons have appeared to anticipate . This deficiency , even though the stock has hail plentiful quantities of artificial food , must continue to be felt for some time , yet we must not conceal the fact that the present somewhat plentiful supplies of green fodder must have a most favourable eflect upon the condition ofthe animals . When the great enhancement took place in the currencies , graziers as well as the salesmen conceived that very large supplies of meat would be transmitted to Newgate ana Leadenhall markets from Yorkshire and some other quarters , thereby causing them to resume their former level . But the scarcity of stock to which we have before alluded , has been the means of preventing any important improvement in the supplies of slaughtered meat ; hence , on a review of all

    the circumstances connected with supply and demand , wc ave led to the conclusion that the present rates of mutton , if only average supplies are received , will be supported for a month from the present time _. Having given our opinion upon the probable future state of the demand for sheep , we shall now briefly allude to that for beasts . Although a very large increase is observable in the bullock supplies from Scotland , upwards of 2000 Scots having come to hand from Aberbccn , Dundee , & c ., in the course ofthe present month , and thc Continent . Those from Norfolk and other parts of "England have proved very moderate as to number , while the quantity of internal fat carried by them has been somewhat less than usual . This circumstance , together with the high price of mutton , has been productive of an active beef trade , at rather

    I a considerable advance in the currencies . Lamb , veal , and porkliave likewise felt the effects of that ad' vanee ; but we are not disposed to think that it will be maintained for any length of time . Our readers will recollect that we have all along predicted that the imports of foreign stock for out- various markets would continue to improve from time to time . A glance at the beasts almost daily landed will , at once , prove the correctness of our views . But we may state that the improvement was never so marked as during the past week , for out ofthe 126 oxen , cows , and heifers , received from Rotterdam , per the Giraffe , Batavier _, and Ocean steamers , scarcely one of them was beneath the middle quality ; indeed we may venture to observe , without fear of contradiction , that the Dutch beasts shown here on Friday

    were thc best handlers in the market . To show the wonderful improvement in the quality of the foreign beasts , we feel bound to notice a heifer received from the above port on Thursday last . Without exaggeration we pronounce this wonderful animal , which weighed upwards of 150 stones , the most complete we ever witnessed , and liad sho been exhibited at the Sniithfield Club ' s show we feel sure she would have carried off one of the prizes . Frem Hamburgh , an . importation of 12 sheep has taken place ; but their condition is by no means first rate . At the outports , upwards of 230 beasts have been received since this day se'nnight ; their quality is represented as very superior to most previous importations . Since our last an official statement of the imports of Jive stock during thc last three years , ending on the 5 th . of April in each year , has been published . It runs

    thus—1843 . 1844 . 1845 . Oxen and bulls ... 256 ... 150 ... 583 Cows 53 ... 20 ... 360 Calves ... 1 ... 1 ... — Sheep 23 ... 17 ... 814 Lambs ( — ... 1 „ . — Swine ar . _djiogs ' , do ... 32 ,., M Total 428 ... 233 ... W 12 The number of foreign beasts here to-day consisted of 27 head , the whole of which were in fair average condition * , whilst , fresh up from our various grazing districts , the bullock droves were somewhat on the increase compared with those reported on tliis day se ' nnight . The attendance of both London and country dealers was somewhat extensive , yet the beef

    trade , arising chiefly from the beasts coming to hand in much better condition than for some weeks past , was not quite so active as on Friday , though the currencies realised on Monday last werc supported in every instance , and a good clearance was effected by the salesmen . We regret to observe that both the beasts and sheep , more particularly the latter , were suffering severely from the effects of the epidemic . On the roads the losses continue severe . From Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire , we received 1700 shorthorns , Scots , and homebreds ; from the northern counties 200 shorthorns ; from the western _, and midland districts 250 Devons _, Herefords , runts ,

    & c . ; from other parts of England 200 of various breeds ; and from Scotland 250 homed _andnolled Scots . Tho numbers of sheep were seasonably extensive , though there was nothing remarkable amongst them as to quality . Prime old Downs moved off freely , at fully the late advance in the quotations —they selling at from 4 s lOd to 5 s per 8 B > , but all other breeds met a veiy dull inquiry at barely late rates . From the Isle of Wight , 147 lambs came to hand per railway , while the receipts from other quarters were liberal . Prime Down qualities were in steady demand , at full prices ; but other kinds of lambs were rather inactive . We had a fair trade for veal , and last week ' s quotations were weU supported . More business was doing in pigs , and the rates had an unproved tendency .

    By the quantities of 8 tb ., sinking the offal . s . d . s . d Inferior coarse beasts ... 3 2 3 6 Second quality .... 3 8 3 10 Pr ime large oxen .... 4 0 4 2 Prime Scots , Sic * * * » Coarse inferior sheep *> | * J * Second quality * * * Prime coarse woolled . . . * 6 t » Prime Southdown , , , 4 10 5 0 iambs 5 0 6 0 Large coarse calves . . . 4 2 4 8 Prime small 1 10 5 2 Suckling salves , each . , , IS 0 31 0 Large hogs 3 0 3 6 Neat small porkers ... 3 8 4 2 Quarter-old store pigs , each . . 10 0 20 4

    HEAD OF CATT 1 E ON SAtE . ( From the Books of the Clerk of the Market 1 Beasts , 2 _, 744-Sheep and Lambs , 26 , _350-Calves 131 Figs , 323 . ' York Cow Market , Mat 24 . —We have had % _ttfjft ° ? i grain . «« « ffi £ L * Fresh thrashed wheat was in eood di-. n-. 9-J Jt L adva _» of U . to ls . per S _^ _TotteSSiSS about Is per quarter Wer . Other SS supported last week ' s rates . Y

• Citation
  • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 31, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_31051845/page/7/