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Northern Star (1837-1852), 31st March 1849, Edition 3 of 3, Page 4, HAPPY LAND. "Happy Land" and "Merry Engl...

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    • TO TAILORS. Bv approbation of Her Majesty Queen Victoria and His KoyulHit-lmessTriiiceAlberti :\ow Ready,
    • MYSTERIOUS TRAGEDY IX LIVERPOOL.
    • ero (fformpemtjem?
    • THE NORTHERN STAB SATURDAY, MARCH 31, 1S49.
  • Adverts (7)
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      4 The Northejan Star March 31, 3849.

      4 THE NORTHEjaN STAR March 31 , 3849 .

      To Tailors. Bv Approbation Of Her Majesty Queen Victoria And His Koyulhit-Lmesstriiicealberti :\Ow Ready,

      TO TAILORS . Bv approbation of Her Majesty Queen Victoria and His _KoyulHit-lmessTriiiceAlberti : \ ow Ready ,

      Ad00414

      THE LONDON and PARIS SPRING and SCMMEIt FASHIOXS for 1 SI 9 , by Messrs . BENJAMIXKEADaudCo ., 12 , Har t-street , _Bloorasliurv-Squarc . _iomlon ; and by GEORGE BERGEB , HolyffeH-Strcet , Strand ; a splendid _PKIXT , elaborately finished , and superbly coloured , the LANDSCAPE , a correct view in the Queen ' s Botanical Gardens , London , ( by special permission , ) the most magnificent place in Europe . This beauti-* il picture _ttDI be accompanied with the most noveLgood fitting , and fashionable Ureas , Riding , Frock , and Hunting Coat Patterns , both double and single-breasted ; Hussar ' s or Youth's round Jackets , plain and with skirts ; single and double-breasted Dress , Morning and Evening Waistcoats ; also the most fashionable and newest style Habit Pattern ; ererv particular part of each pattern fully explained , and an illustration of _eveirthing respecting _Styjf and Fashion ; price Ms . Sold by H _^ ad and Co ., 13 , . Bart-street , Blooinsburv-square , London ; G . Berger , HolyweH-street _, Strand ; and _' _aU Booksellers in Town and Country .

      Ad00415

      FOR SALE , O NE OB TWO PAID-UP FOUR ACRE SHAKES . Price £ 3 10 s . each . A pp l y to A . B ., 28 , Great Warner-street , Clerkenwell , London .

      Ad00417

      LAND AND COTTAGES . COTTAGES CONSISTING OP TWO small rooms on the ground floor , with fifty feet frontage bv one hundred feet of garden ground , may now be had on "Leasesfor ever" at £ 4 per annum . Additional land ( _verr fertile ) may also be had in the next field but one , at the rale of _i £ 4 per acre , also "forever ; " but £ 3 per acre only will be charged for the first three years of the term . Roads capital , water delicious and abundant Tithes and rates about six shillings per acre . The stipulated rents , of course , never to be raised , and the tenants to liave the right of redeeming them by entirely vomsTAEi

      Ad00418

      _INSTALMENTS . Persons possessing a little independent income , and mechanics who can carry on their avocations within twentjone miles of London , -will do well to embrace an offer which -will enable them to have a bumble but _tekmakevt home , and the produce of a whole acre of land for little more than three shillings per week . Such persons will , besides securing then-health and comforts , have the moral satisfac tion to help in diminishing competition without emigrating . _Satisfactory references will be given by Mrs . Habttj _* , _sm-gical bandage maker , 591 , New Oxford-street , London . All tnitten applications are to enclose a stamp and to be post-paid .

      Ad00421

      GREAT BARGAIN . _-T-0 BE SOLD , FOR THE LOW SUM J- of Twelve Guineas , a FOUR-ACRE ALLOTMENT ( including Scrip " , drawn in November , 18 * 7 . The purchaser will be entitled to early location , and can have the scrip transferred to his own name on receipt of the cash . Lnn-ediate application to be made to Mr . T . _Clahe , 144 , High Holborn , London .

      Mysterious Tragedy Ix Liverpool.

      MYSTERIOUS TRAGEDY IX LIVERPOOL .

      Lrvebpool, "Wednesday. — The Inhabitants...

      LrvEBPOOL _, "Wednesday . — The inhabitants of Liverpool have this day heen thrown into the greatest state of alarm and excitement hy one of the most horrible and cold-blooded murders ever remembered to have taken place in this town . The deed was perpetrated at mid-day , i n one o f the most respectable and thickly-populated districts of the town , and for atrocity is not exceeded , and for mystery , as yet , n ot equalled , by the late tragedy at Stiinficld-hall . The scene of the murder is the Louse _Jso . 20 , _Lcveson-street , off Great Georgesquare , occupied by Mrs . Henrichson , the wife of Captain Henrichson , who is in the employ of

      Messrs . James Aiken and Son , and master of thc shi p Duncan , at present at Calcutta . About twelve o ' clock to day , a boy named William Bradshaw , who is in the employ of Mr Youlton , of Leveson-street , on passing Captain Henrichson ' s residence , heard a loud and deep moaning , which was often repeated , and feeling sure that something was wrong in the liouse , he immediately ran to the police officer on duty in a neighbouring street , and gave the alarm . Two policemen at once hastened to the spot , but on their arrival there the alarm had become so general , in consequence of the moanin g inside the house increasing , that they found the house had been already _entered . The persons who first entered the house ( for on knocking at the door no admission could be

      Obtained ) did SO by breaking a window in the front parlcur ofthe house , having first looked through the window and seen three bodies lying on the floor ¦ weltering in blood , their moans at the time being of the most pitiable description . On the arrival of the police they were of course let into the house by the four men who had first entered . A few minutes afterwards Mr . Martin and Mr . Slater , surgeons , were in attendance , and seeing that life was not extinct in the three bodies , they gave orders for them to be at once conveyed tothe Southern Hospital , which was accordingly done . The other parts of the house were then searched , and in the hack cellar was found the bodv

      ofa child lying on the floor in a pool ot blood , with its throat cut , and being quite dead . The three bodies found iu the front parlour were two women and a child , and they were nil lying surrounded by pools of blood , but the murderer had not used the same weapons as he had done to the other child . They were all dreadfully beaten about the head and body . On the forehead of one of the females ( recognised as Mrs . Henrichson ) there had been a dreadful blow inflicted , the forehead being laid open a depth of two or three inches , and there were -ilso several deep wounds on other parts of the head and face . The other grown-up female ( _thcJ servant residing with Captain and Mrs . Henrichson ) had also received similar wounds on the head ami

      face , : is also severe blows about her eyes , both of which were black and swollen up . The body ofthe child ( Mrs . Henrichson ' s eldest child , a girl about seven or eight years old ) also presented a most dreadful appearance . The poor little creature ' s lead seemed to have been beaten to a jelly by the inhuman ruffian , and the wonder is that life was -not extinct . The front parlour , where the three bodies were discovered , was in the greatest confusion . In the -middle of the floor , on thc carpet , was a pool of _Illood , near two feet square ; and another pool of blood of similar size was near to the parlour door . Prom the different positions ofthe bodies , it would appear that the attempt was first made on the lives

      ofthe serrant and children , and that . at that time ( as other circumstances elucidated ) the unfortunate Sirs . Ilenrichson was out at the market , and met her fate immediately u p on her return ho me . The following explanation renders this fact extremely probable . The parlour fender , and the appearance of the fireplace _generally , indicated that the servant was attacked whilst in the act of cleaning the firegrate , and that the eldest child was near to her at the time , for they were both discovered lying close to each other in the middle ofthe room , whilst the Body of Mrs . Henrichson was discovered close to the parlour door , her bonnet lying beside her head , and a quantity of potatoes were scattered about . A poker was also lying by her side . In thc parlour and differentparts of the house were seen large drops

      Of blood , and the poker and a shovel were " covered with blood , the poker being much bent , probably occasioned by the force of blows ; and the bottom part of the shovel was broken . Part of the tongs was found in the parlour , and they likewise in the same way were besmeared with blood marks . The tougs hail evidently been broken to pieces during tho _prosress ofthe inhuman butchery , and had been used in different parts ofthe house . The three surviving victims were conveyed to the Southern Hospital , and as the s ervant girl a lthoug h in the most precarious state , was in a condition to give evidence , Mr . Rushton , the stipendiary magistrate , accompanied by Mr . Jamieson , his clerk , attended to take her deposition . The whole affair is involved in the deepest mystery .

      The rooms ofthe house were completely searched , and in the bedroom of the supposed murderer , who lodged List Sight with Mrs . Henrichson , a iowel was found , on which he had wiped his hands after the horrid deed . A drawer in Mrs . Henrichson ' s bedroom was found forced open , and a small box , which lad contained some jewellery , had been broken open . Capidee o *? the Supposed Assassin , —On Thursday night John Gleeson Wilson was apprehended on the charge of wilful murder . A person answering his description called at the house of Miss Harrison , 19 , Upper Pitt-street , on Wednesday afternoon , and asked for lodg ings , and tho same afternoon he offered a gold watch for sale at Tranmore . The mother of Mrs . Henrichson , who arrived in town from Hull to-night , ha 3

      identified the watch and chain found in the possession of the prisoner as those belonging to her daughter . A purse also found upon the prisoner has _- been identified b y tbe charwoman who was in the habit of washing at the house as tho property of Mrs . Henrichson . The eldest child died last night in the hospital . The prisoner Wilson was brought before Mr . Rushton , the stipendiary magistrate at _Liverpool , on Friday . He had previously been taken to the . hospital , in order to be identified , an d h aving been recognised , the depositions of Mary Parr , the servant , were taken down iu writing . The servant girl identified the prisoner as having first attacked her without any provocation , after which she hecame senseless . Several other witnesses also identified Mm . The prisoner was remanded .

      Release Of The Chartists At Edd*Burgii. ...

      Release of the Chartists at Edd _* burgii . —On Tuesday the Chartist leaders , H . Kankine and R Hamilton , were liberated from their four months ' imprisonment for sedition . In honour of their liberation , the Chartists of Edinburgh treated their friends to an entertainment in the Waterloo Rooms .

      Ad00416

      * niE CHEAPEST _BDIT 10 S EVEli rU 3 LISUED . 'Trite Is , _§ d ., A u « w and elegant edition , with Steel _Tlate of ttw . ' Author , of _PAINE'S POLITICAL . WOBKS " . Now Ready , a Sew Edition of 1 MR . O'CONNOR'S WORK OS SMALL FARMS _, just published , No . III . Price S _tM-racE , OF THE C 0 O 0 NWEALTH : A MONTHLY RECORD OF DEMOCRATIC , SOCIAL & lHQUSTRlftl PROGRESS "THE COMMONWEALTH" will be the Representative of the Chartists , Socialists , and Trades' Unionists , in the Monthly Press . contents : 1 _. What is to be done with Ireland ? - 2 . The Weaver's Daughter . 3 . Extinction of Pauperism . 4 . Popular Cause in Europe . 5 . Social Effects of Peasant Proprietorship . 6 . The Hero : 7 . Events ofthe Month . _Conwiunicitionsfor the Editor , Books for Review , _&« . to be forwarded to the Office , 16 , Great Windmill-street ! Haymarket , London . Sold by J . Watson , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternosterrow , London ; A . Heywood , Oldham-street , Manchester andLoveandCo ., 51 Nel 8 on « street , Glasgow . . ' . And by all Booksellers in Towa and Country .

      Ad00419

      10 THE DEMOCRATS OF GREAT _BRITAIN , THERE will le . DISPOSED OF , by SUBSCRIPTION , on the principle of the Art-Unions , TWO BEAUTIFUL PLAIDS , OF O'CONNOR AND DUNCOMBE TARTANS . They are of the finest quality , are suited for the wear ol either Lady or Gentleman ; apd will lie , for inspection , at the shop of Mr . Eichabd _IIubkjtt , stationer ; 177 , Fountain Bridge , Edinburgh . They will be forwarded to tlie success _, _fol subscriber bj such conveyance as he may desire . Theiibscription Sale will take . place jn Ross's University Temperance Hotel , 59 , South Bridge , on the . ' 21 st of March , at Seven o'clock in the Evening . - •' . ' '• j Proceeds to be given to the ' 'Victim F _. _unds of _*^ nj > laiid and Scotland . - ' * '¦'' .. Scbscbiptioj-s : —Sixpence each , to be paid or remitted in Postage Stamps or Post-office Orders , " to ' _ISx . Burkett , as above . ¦¦' . _'

      Ero (Fformpemtjem?

      ero _( _fformpemtjem ?

      Mr. J. Hairo-F, Hulme. — You Should Pay ...

      Mr . J . _HAiro-f , Hulme . — You should pay the postage of your letter , when you want gratuitous advice . Mr . _BuBKErr , Edinhurgh . —Too late . John Ladd . —Next week . The _Letteb from H . Ellis , the secretary of tlie Reading branch , shall appear next week . It was too late for insertion this week . . Thomas _Obmesheb . has received for the Kirkdale prisoners : Swincshead Clough , near Todmorden , per Richard Barker , 173 lid ; Katcliffe Bridge , per Richard Hamer , 5 s 6 d ; W . B . It . ( from a few young men ) lis 6 d . [ We have not room for a long list of Id , 2 d , and 3 d subscriptions . If the book is signed by the treasurer , it will be sufficient guarantee for the integrity of the collector .

      —Ed . N . S . ] J . Sweet _acknowledges the receipt of the fallowing sums , sent herewith , -viz . - . —Foe . _M'Douall's Wmt ' of Eusob — From _Kirkby , ls 3 d ; Mr . Lees , 3 d . — - For Defence Frcn > . —Mr . T . Fox , 2 d ; Mr . Smith , 6 d ; Mr . Brown , i'd . - —Fob Victim Fund . —Mr . lees , Gd ; from the "Colonel Hutchinson , " Ss ; From Hyson Green , ls ldd . Mr . _Kvdd _' s letter , through press of matter , is unavoidably postponed . The New _Yeab's Gifts . —The friends at Bolton , Bilston , and Chippenham wUl please to apply to the Land Office for what is awarded them . John Abxoxt , Sec .

      To Agents. The Agents' Accounts Will Be ...

      TO AGENTS . The Agents' Accounts will be rendered this day , which terminates the quarter . Subscribers will know tbe reason why they do not receive the "Northern Star" in certain p laces on the following week ; as we have determined that those who are in arrears , and continue to trade with Mr . O'Connor ' s money , shall do so no longer . We endeavour to be punctual ourselves , and we are now resolved to have none as Agents who are only punctual in sending promises .

      The Northern Stab Saturday, March 31, 1s49.

      THE NORTHERN STAB SATURDAY , MARCH 31 , 1 S 49 .

      Happy Land. "Happy Land" And "Merry Engl...

      HAPPY LAND . "Happy Land" and " Merry England " ha v e , of yor e , b ee n s weet p hrases in the Englishman ' s mouth . There was a time when " Church and King" was the rallying crywhen thc village church was the rallying point —when the village parson was the honoured pastor—when each -villager plied his own shuttle , worked at his own loom , milked his own cow upon the common that has now been stolen , cherished his partner , and loved his c hildre n , because he was co-partner with the master who emp loyed him , and because he saw

      the full value of his labour stamped upon his handiwork . Then , he rallied to the cry o f " The Church is in danger ; " then he was ready to enlist in the service of his King and even volunteered to become a DTJCKER , or , if necessary , the executioner of Jacobins . And why ? Because gaunt want and famine never stared him in the face , threatened to separate those whom God had joined together , orto drag hi m f r om th e firesid e and famil y-board , and commit him to the tender mercies of a Poor Law Bastile . No ; in those days there was a pretest for loyalty , when the villager or the cottier had his share of the common

      landwhen the laws , though feudal , were miti gated in severity , it did not require fatted bludgeonmen to enforce the edicts of the privileged . Then , the National Fund , extracted from the land for the maintenance and support of the poor , was the nation ' s Exchequer , and constituted a capital to supply the industrious with raw material to compete against the master in the market . Was it wonderful _thatJEngland should then bo happy—that her peop le should be vmcrry and loyal to the laws that so protected them 1 But now , alas ! how changed the scene . The landlords have stolen the land , the capitalists have stolen the Exchequer , and both have monopolised legislation ;

      The staticians , the PoliticalEconomists , and Keformers ofthe day , would point to the improved condition of the working classes since _ihose times , but they invariably ' fell ; to remind them of the fact , that the improvement in the middle and upper classes has gone on with ten-fold , nay , a thousand-fold , speed . Once npon a time , John Hanson , of Hudd er sfield , waited , as one of a deputation , upon the celebrated _Frakk Place , the Free Trade tailor . The object of the deputation was to impress upon the tailor the dep lorable condition ofthe -working classes , as compared with then

      order in olden times . " What ! " ( said the Free Trade tailor ) " Can you comp lain of the present times ? Did your father or your grandfather wear such a silk waistcoat as you sport ? " John had not a read y answer and the deputation was rather flabbergasted . But he might have replied ;•— " True , sir , but neither your father nor your grandfather ever sat with his feet on a Turkey carpet , in such a room so furnished , and , though idle , surrounded with luxuries , supplied by the labour of others . Neither did your father or your grandfather wear such a waiscoat as this , because , according to the then price of the

      necessaries of life , my father and grandfather received five , yea , six times as much for manufacturing this article , as I can now earn for the same work . Your father and grandfather , and the fathers and grandfathers of your class , did not drive in their carriages from then rural mansions to their city shops , to make unlimited profit of the labour of my father and gi _^ ndfather by mere superintendence . My ancestors of old , as well as your ancestors too , had the power to elect those who made the laws b y whom both were governed , and then , being upon an equality , if I was poor , the law supplied me -with raw material to employ my labour , and thus compete with other

      Happy Land. "Happy Land" And "Merry Engl...

      manufacturers in the market , instead of , as now compelling me to bo ' one of an unwilling idle competitive reserve , ; for your class to fall back upon , as the means of reducing the profits of my order . ' ' Few , save the emaciated OLD GUARDS —the old and honoured Hand Loom Weavers , with straig ht grey hair , em a ci a ted frame s , and dejected countenances and tottering limbsremember those good old times ; but , honour and thanks to them , they are our schoolmasters , and from them we have gleaned all the useful and practical knowledge that we possess . Eng land , then , was happy England , merry England , and Englishmen-proudly chauhted the good old English

      song" BRITONS 2 JEVER SHALL BE SLAVES . " _But , though ' melanchol y the task , let us pourtray England and Ireland as they are . England inundated with pauperism , while industry is called upon to replenish the Exchequer , to be expended upon useless armies , navies , drones , officials , p lacemen , pensioners , and fatted bludgeon men , to hold the starvin" in subjection ; Man competing against his brother to secure the scantiest means of subsistence ; thousands , yea , hundreds of thous a nds , seeking the means of expatriation or transportation to some , foreign land , as thc

      means of preserving a miserable existence for another hour of misery , while the Land of their country is calling for their labour " gaols full of political offenders—bastiles full of unwilling idlers—streets full of paupers—the inventive mind of man full of device for the substitution of the mechanical and artificial for manual labour—the cottage full of _woe—^ and th e proud Englishman driven to the dread alternative of starving or living in : idleness ( as .-: a prostitute ) upon the wages of his wife and- little

      children , sweating in a rattle-box , while care , grief , and sorrow urge him to kill his , grief in the gin-palace or the _beor-shop !— --Tributary to all , dependent upon all , his alternative is mendicancy , the bastile ; the gaol , the transp o rt , or the gallows . Who can read the long-and melanchol y catalogue of trials for murder , reported during the present assizes , without coming to the conclusion that that system which prov o kes , nay , encourages it , is vicious , execrable , damnable , and should be abolished ? ,

      Then turn to Ireland , the graveyard of England , that sea-bound dungeon , arid what do we find there ? The Land all but depopulated —the peasant ' s cottage levelled to the _ground —workhouses so full that pestilence is daily increasing—shipowners unable to supply a sufficient TRANSPORT MARINE of crazy barks to consign victims to a foreign land , or a watery grave—prisons so full of industrious men , c a lled criminals , that the British Minister is compelled to seek a new colony for _* he recep tion of system-made rogues — political offenders abounding to an inconvenient

      amount—the expression of op ini o n even to the amount of sympathy for the sufferings of the oppressed , suppressed — landlords flying , but still loyal — fanners absconding —labourers starving — one grave containing _, hundreds , we presume upon the principle of political economy — criminal laws increasing in severity — landlords refusing to pay sixpence in the pound to alleviate the distress they have caused—parsons of an alien church living sumptuously in the midst of this

      destitution , while the pastors of the Irish flock are all but starving from the poverty of their tribe , the electors so reduced by death that even the Whig Government , in its liberality , is compelled to propose a measure to substitute living for dead voters ; the country swarming with red coats , and the efficiency of thc loyal Catholic police , the greatest boast of the English Minister—whilst the Saxon Viceroy can spare time to visit the British metropolis to havo the honour ofthe GARTER conferred

      upon him as the reward for his Irish services . Now , in sober earne s t , Ave would ask , whether the rulers of these countries reall y hope to govern a people thus impoverished—thus plundered and driven to distraction , when they may prefer death in a * ny shape to" the endurance of that lingering torture imposed upon them b y th e inj u stice o f class leg islation ? We have always shown the impossibility of maintaining a pampered alien State Churchin Ireland upon the fruits of Catholic industry , * and although the argument may hold good in England—that the possessors of property h o ld

      it subject to Churcli tribute ; yet the same argument does not apply in Ireland , inasmuch as the Irish people look upon every Protestant steep le as a bad ge of conquest ; and as we have ever contended we still contend , th a t Church property , like poor ' s rate , is the property of the people , and not the propert y of the State , as the people now constitute no portion of tho State , or of the landlords or parsons : and presentl y the plundered people , both of Eng l a nd a nd Ir e l a nd , will begin to

      reflect upon the fact , that the amount of property thus usurped , for what is called religious purposes , but , in reality , for g iving strength to a pampered aristocracy , and supporting a vicious system—would be more than ample to locate every unwilling idler upon five acres of land , and a comfortable cottage ; while the improved system would insure an abundance of work for labourers in the artificial market ; and then , when that great and g o od w o rk i s accomplished , the English people may boast a "Happy and Merry England" —they may

      smg . " BRITONS NEVER SHALL BE SLAVES . " and the Irish , instead of banishment , may secure a happy home in fatherland—may speak without the fear of a dungeon or the transport , and the labourers in both countries will be the first partakers of the fruits of their own industry .

      One Law For The Rich And Another For The...

      ONE LAW FOR THE RICH AND ANOTHER FOR THE _TOOR . Not only is there one law for the rich and another for the poor in this country , hut there is also one mode of making laws fov the rich , and another mode of making laws for thepo o r and of this fact we had amp le and sufficient proof on Wednesday last , in the instance of two Bills submitted to . Parliament—the one to secure the more easy conviction " of prisoners —the other to secure the property of tenants

      from the lust of landlords . The Bill affecting the liberty , or , perhaps , the life of the poor man , contained forty long clauses , with as many formal schedules , each comp licating the Bill , and passed through that honourable assembl y , clause by clause , in less than two minutes ; while two words— - " SHEEP" and " OIL-CAKE "—in the Landlord and Tenant Bill occupied the House for over three hours , the debate throwing Irish questions wholly and entirel y into the shade—not an English landlord omitting to take his full part in the

      discussion . The object ofthe Landlord and Tenant Bill , introduced by Mr . Pusey , the member for Berkshire _^—a humane man and practical agriculturist—was to allow the out-going tenant compensation for money expended in building , and other improvements , ' and . inasmuch as the land , in its uncultivated state , is but a mere raw material , to which Labour is the most valuable capital that can be applied , nothing could be more fair or just than that the labourer , or the tenant , if he employs labour , should be compensated for his expenditure .

      It is an extraordinary fact that , throughout the various discussions upon the Repeal ofthe Corn Laws , and upon the _L'ish sixpenny Rate in Aid , the English and Irish landlords , with an assumed generosity , philanthropy , and love of justice , have appeared in the character of advocates for their tenant-clients ; all thought of self was thrown overboard , and consideration for the industrious tenant _aloneconatituted the grounds of their opposition : but when they ate asked to give a practical illustration of

      One Law For The Rich And Another For The...

      their feelings for _^ heir ' -tenants , then wc find " self" standing prominently forward . We are aware that . the question of Land , and ofthe mode of dealing with it by landlords , -has not , as yet , assumed-a prominent position in the mind of the working classes of this country ; but , inasmuch as we wish to be before our time , and to use the present as a means of foreshadowing the future , and because Ave feel convinced that those who have seldom or never seen a green field , have not yet felt the effects of Free Trade , we consider it our duty thus to warn them of the coming evil ; an evil which never will be _^ removed , and ' _neyer can be removed , until Labour —which cultivates the Land , aud makes it

      valuable—as well as -the Land itself , is represented in the House of Commons . The agricultural labourers—as we frequently predicted—are beginning to receive . their share of Free Trade , in a reduction of wages from nine to seven shillings per week , or over twenty per cent . ; and . every other class in the agricultural towns who depend upon the wages of theagriculturallabourerforsubsistence , must experience a like depression and , finally , every manufacturing operative , every mechanic , artificer , and artisan will come in for his shave ; and , ultimately , the manufacturers , merchants , bankers , brokers , and shop keepers will come in for their share ; for the

      poor—vepresented by the rich—may rely upon it , that those who have the power to make , the laws will be the last to suffer , and will obstinately persevere in this course of injustice and oppression , until the trodden worm at last will turn upon its tormentor . England is now in _p ,: position that she never was in before , She is at peace witlithe world , and " stands in Ho dread of domestic revolution , if the angry passions of an insulted and impoverished people are not top far tried ; but there is a point beyond , which hnman endurance cannot go ' _* . and we . would urge upon bur rulers the necessity of stopping . in their progress , ere they arrive at that crisis . _. . ...

      _; Is it not anomalous—nay , monstrous— -with the admitted fact , that all articles of consumption are considerably reduced in price , that the salaries of paid officials should still remain at that standard at which they were fixed when those articles of consumption were some double , and some treble , then * present price ? In the realisation and practical working of tho principle of Free Trade , is not the fact established , that there is one law for the rich , and another law for the poor , when we find landlords justify ing their tenants' reducti o n of agricultural wages , in consequence of the cheapness of food ? while the same landlords receive the proposition of Mi ' . Hume , t o r educe the salaries of officials by the same , standard , with a sneer .

      England—the rich maw of the world—is now open to the competition of tho world , and the English labourer should never lose sight of the fact , that every manufactured article imported into this country , is a competitor against the labour of this country ; and yet , melancholy to say , each trade , and each craft , h a s neutralised the power of a ll , b y me r el y seeking protection for its own section ; whereas , if all crafts had manfully combined and honestl y unit e d , as their oppressors havo , th e y would have beentholast , instead ol the first , to suffer .

      Have our readers perused the _admn-able speech of Mr . Muntz , in which he showed that Birmingham traders were advertising German manufactured articles at sixty per cent , lower than tho Birmingham manufacturer could suppl y them ? And have the Birming ham butchers , bakers , clothiers , hatters , tail o rs , shopkeepers , merchants and bankers , ever reflected upon the effect that this competion must inevitably have upon their trade ? No ; they have not , as yet , because those dealing in the retail market have not as

      yet experienced tho benefit of wholesale reduction — they are wholl y at the mercy of those who supply them ; until , at length , the grievance will become so general , that a majority of tho people will see the necessity of becoming their own producers ; thus opening a wholesale market so large and general , that huxters can no longer traffic in monopol y , by forestalling the necessaries of l ife , and retailing them at a capricious price , measured by the narrowness of the traffic , and the necessities of the consumer .

      For these reasons , we rejoice in the efforts of Mr . Walton and his associates , to establish Home Colonies , and the princijde of cooperati o n ; thus throwing all classes upon their own resources , aud making the employer and the employed mutually dependent upon each other ; when the free labour market is opened for the free and unfettered exercise of man ' s industry . But , then , these experimentalists must not rely upon a Government loan for the realisation of their p lan , nor do they need it .

      "God helps those who help themselves , " a nd let th e Trades of Eng land—we mean the whole industrial population—HELP THEMSELVES , and then they will not need an application—to be followed by a refusal of funds . We shall not resort to the old system of measuring their love of liberty by a penny a week , or twopence a w * eek—nor shall we enter into a consideration of the effect to be produced by tho application of Trades funds—now uselessl y expended in preventing strikes , and supporting unwilling idlers—to the purchase of

      land and the developement of our national resources b y the application of our national industry : but we do invite them at this season of tho year , -when nature is budding , and the country becomes inviting , even to the artificial hothouse plant—to bestir themselves , to call a parliament of their order , to developo their plan , and to invite the co-operation of their brethren in carrying it out , It has been too much the system of the Trades to hold themselves apart and distinct from the FUSTIAN JACKETS , THE

      BLISTERED HANDS , AND THE UNSHORN CHINS ; they have sought a little distinction by keep ing their own particular questions and interests separate and apart , both in Parliament and out of Parliament ; they have feared the taint of Chartism . But we are happy to find , however , that they havo at length tacked the political question of the Suffrage , to the social question of the Land , and we have onl y to repeat our earnest hope that this recruiting part y may , erelong , muster

      an amount of labour-support which will make the labourer independent of criminal law , and landlord and tenant legislation . And , in conclusion , we wouldroiniud all branches of labour —that the workman depending upon the caprice of his employer for his wages , aud upon the caprice ofthe shopkeeper for the price of his food , has onl y had the first and a very small taste of Free Trade ; and we .-would advige them—in order to avoid the death dose—to rally in time , ere the disease becomes mortal and incurable ,

      Parliamentary Review. The Ministerial Me...

      PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . The Ministerial measures o h tho anvil progress slowly . Apparentl y neither the Rate in Aid Bill , northe-JBitt for the modification of th e Navi gation Laws , will reach the Upper House until some time after Easter . The last-named measure was expected to have served as the instrument of a defeat in the Commons . Mr . Gladstone , in his speech

      on the second reading , after enunciating a cleat and consistent policy on the subject , which contrasted m o st favourabl y with that of the Government-gave the House to understand , that in committee ho would propose amendments , founded on the views he had expressed . Accordingly , Friday night last was looked forward to with some interest . Expectation , however , w » _a disappointed : the anticipated

      Parliamentary Review. The Ministerial Me...

      trial of streng th did not take place ; but , instead of it , we had a somewhat curious and unexpected illustration of the mode iu which p a rty-t a ctics m od if y the conduct and p o li c y of those who take a lead in Parliamentary affairs ; and , at the same time , another proof of the inconsiderate and ignorant manner in which our Whig Ministry conduct business . At the commencement of the debate , the President _of the Board op Trade rose up and threw overboard some fourteen clauses of a Bill containing onl y thirty-two clauses in all . These clauses had reference to a point on which

      the Shipowners were _Btrongly opposed to the Government ! They enacted a partial opening of the Coasting Trade , and would have permitted Foreign vessels to . compete , with our own for . fr e i ghts between Leith and Newcastle , Hull and London , Glasgow and Liver- ' pool . Of course , in the progress of the debate , such a proposition elicited much comment , and disapproval , from those who look upon our Coasting Trade as peculiarl y a home one , and who think that it is at the same time the nursery of those sailors , on a due supply of whom our naval greatness and superiority mainly

      depend . They argued—and , we think , not unreasonabl y—that such a case mig ht fairly be made an-exception from , those sweeping princi ples of Free Trade , of whi c h w e hear so much now-a-days . But the President op the Board of Trade , and the Prime Minister , sublime in their lofty adherence to princip le , _and conscious of having framed a practical and a beneficial measure , would listen to no proposals for its alteration . On Friday ni g ht , h o wever , as we have said , the wind suddenl y

      shifted , Mr , Labouchere informed the House that the Chief Commissioner of the Customs had informed the Government , that their p lan would throw an insuperable difficulty in the way of collecting the revenue and , therefore , the Ministry had determined to abandon all-that part of the measure , relating to the Coasting Trade . He took-all-the blame and resp o nsib i l i ty of h a v i ng introduced this impracticable scheme upon himelf , and he hoped that he should hear no more about it .

      This kind of conduct is so characteristic of the present Administration , that peop le h a ve ceased to be surprised at it . To blow hot and cold—to say and unsay—to do and undoseems their vocation , and they are wonderfully expert in it from long practice ; but it is no joke to the interests which are doomed to suffer from their reckless blundering and ignorant meddling , Surely , it might fairly have been expected from the commercial Minister o fthe country that , before introducing a measure affecting so large a mass of property , and such a numerous body of persons , as the ships , sailors , and trades , engaged in our Coasting Trade , he should , at the very least , have ascertained that his scheme was a workable one _.

      Even , if unpalatable to the shi pping interest , it would , at all events , have shown him to be a man of business , whereas , he now stands convicted , on his own showing , of being not less ignorant of the practical working of the measure , than reckless as to the injury it mi ght inflict upon the interests and property of those engaged in this trade . Mr . Labouchere , having thus thrown over his Joxah , and lightened the vessel to save it from sinking , Mr . Gladstone followed with a long description of his plan , and a statement of the reasons which induced him to think it

      was better than that ofthe Government , and concluded b y stating that , thoug h he was full y convinced of its superiority , it was not his intention to move it as an amendment . He said he had no desire either to embarrass thc Government , or to delay their measure . Had he proposed his plan as an amendment , the pr o bability is , that it would have been supported in Committee by the Protectionists , as a fairer one _tliaii the Ministerial measure , if they were to have free shi pp ing at all ; but , on the third reading , they would have voted against the measure as a whole . So Mr .

      Gladstone said he had seen reason to fe a r that his proposals " would be supported by a number of gentlemen not accepting them with bona fide views , but who would employ me as a tool to damage the measure , and after having so employed , then they would leave mo and my proposals on the third reading . '' Not exactly relishing this prospect , and being more desirous of having the question settled in the way proposed by Ministers than not settled at all ,

      he withdrew from any competition with their plan . This twin break-down , afforded Mr . Disraeli an opportunity , in the course of the ni ght , for pouring forth a torrent of sarcasm on the "two right honourable gentlemen " who had thus " given up the children of their fond adoption . '' Messrs . Gladstone and Labouchere rep lied to the attack rather smartly , and with this ' * passage at arms " the Bill went through Committee at an early hour of the night .

      The Rate in Aid Bill also "drags its slow length along '' in a most painful manner . It is evident from the sh yness which Ministers evince on this measure , that they wish most heartil y they had never proposed it . It has raised an inci pient rebellion in Ulster , and whatever may be thought ofthe loyalty or the good feeling of landlords , merchants , manufa c turer s , and fanners , who have , one and all , proclaimed themselves determined to resist the measure should it ever pass into a law , it is no p leasant prospect to Lord John Russell to look forward to the alienation and open

      opposition ofthe only well-affected- —and , at the same time , tho most wealth y and powerfulprovince in Ireland . Besides , it would appear that , in this instance , also , the same deficiency of practical knowledge , and the same hasty , inconsiderate , and reckl e ss spirit , has been at work . We have seen that nearly onehalf of the Navigation Law measure has been excised , becau s e it was , on the authority of the Chief Commissioner of Customs , totally impracticable . The Chief Poor Law Commissioner in Ireland , Mr , Twisleton , is of precisely the same opinion respecting this Rate

      m Aid measure . After giving evidence of the strongest character against it before the Committee , and finding that his views were not attended to , he relinquishedhis situation , rather than take the responsibility of enforcing such a measure . This is certainly ominous as to tho future fate and success of the p lan , should it ever pass into a law . In the meantime , Lord John is trying his old system of largesses . By way of prop itiating the Irish members , and bribing them to hold their tongues , ho proposes , on going into committee , to move tor an advance of £ 100 , 000 from the

      Treasury , for the relief of the existing distress , on the security of the projected Rate in Aid . This shows , iu the first place , that the £ 50 , 000 lately granted has been alread y absorbed , and it is quite possible that—with the urgent pressure of extreme destitution on the one hand , and the tempting bait of Treasury gold , on the other— Lord John may succeed in detaching a few votes from the strong Irish party , who ' have hitherto opposed the Rate in Aid . Apart from this speculation , however , we cannot help directing attention to the grossl y unconstitutional nature ofthe proposal itself . While tho measure is

      yet under debate—in fact , while it has not passed through half its stages in the Commons , and has yet to be considered in the Lords—it is gravel y proposed to advance money upon its security . Is this not dictating to Parliament , and fettering its actions in a very extraordinary manner ?¦ What ri ght has Lord John to assume thathis _measurewillreaU _ypass , especially in the face of such a strong opposition both in andjout of Parliament ? If it does not , the securit y on which the £ 100 , 000 is proposed to be advanced will not be worth more than a bit of _vjaste paper If the Premi er can devise nothing better for Ireland than a series of Treasury advances , he had better g ive up bis place altogether . The system is . a costly one to this

      Parliamentary Review. The Ministerial Me...

      country , and altogether mischievous to Ireland . In the meantime it is pleasant to get a glimpse , however transient or deceptive it may bo , of better things in store . The " Times " announces that Sir Robert Peel is occupied for several hours daily in maturing and iu working out all the details of his scheme for re-colonisingthe west of Ireland upon new principles . Iho country knows enough ofthe Right Hon

      . Baronet to believe , that when he seriously betakes himself to such a task he will persevere With it , and produce a working and statesmanlike plan . R i 8 admitted on all hands that there are great difficulties to be overcome , but there are none which can seriousl y obstruct a resolute and clear-headed man . Should Sir Robert b r ing f o r w ard his scheme , it will be the redeeming point of the present Session .

      ana . impart a loftiness and breadth of purpose to it , which no mere Whig Parliament will ever attain . The general understanding is , however , that the ex-PiiEMiE » is firml ? resolved not to accept the responsibilities of that oflice again , and even were his plan adopted by the Legislature , it would require his personal superintendence to carry it out . N o man c o uld possibly understand it so well , ' or be equall y well prepared to meet and provide for unexpected difficulties . If it would not

      be against the etiquette in such cases , for a statesman who has held the office of First Minister of the Crown to accept the office of the head of the Commission to which he proposes to remit the practical carrying out of the measure , it would be most desirable that he should fill that position . He has already linked his name with all the greatest reforms of the day—whether as regards the relaxations of our Criminal Code—our religious exclusionsor our commercial restrictions—and it would

      be the crowning glory of his career , the surest guarantee of enduring fame among that " posterity" to which the Honourable Baronet , perhaps _^ more tlia h any politician of the day , looks forward ,, if he cbuld claim tho honour of having converted a desolate pauperised , into a populous and prosperous , country , Mr . Fagan brought an abuse , connected with the Irish Established Church , before an exceedingly thin House on Tuesday night . U p to that time , the benches were pretty well filled , on a motion of Mr . Adderley ,

      respecting transportation to the Cape of Good Hope . The colonists , not' unnaturall y , protested against converting , what Mr . Adderley styled " an unpolluted colony , " into a receptacle for convicts . Sir G . Grey entered into an el a borate explan a ti o n , from which it appears that the usual number of transportable cases in Ireland averages about GOO or 700 annually . There were 2 , 000 additional cases last year , and , in order to get rid of the surplus , some 300 or 400 have been sent to the Cape . It is quite clear

      that this largo addition was the result either of political excitement , or of the destitution caused by a season of famine , and , in eith e r case argued no inherent or confirmed criminality on the part of the individuals thus broug ht under the cognisance of the law . Sir Geokge Grey , therefore , argued that the --pollution , " if any , was not very great ; and added , that if the colonists should continue their opposition , the propriety of discontinuing the transportation would be considered by Government . On this p led ge tho motion was

      withdrawn , and , as Ave have said , the benches were nearly deserted when Mr . Fagan rose to make his motion . Its subject was the stipends t o thc cle r gy in a certain number of towns in Ireland , under the head of Ministers' Money . An analogous injustice exists in two towns of Scotland , namel y—Edinburgh and Montrose , under the name o £ Annuit y Tax . In Ireland , however , we believe nearl y 000 Ministers are supported by means of this tax , at a cost of about _£ 15 , 000 a-year—and , as in Scotland , it is exceedingly

      obnoxious from its obvious injustice and the oppressive manner in which it operates on the inhabitants of the towns who are subject to it . Mr . FAGASf proposed to shift the burden on to the funds at the disposal of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners . Mr . Grogan and Mr . Napier stood stoutly up for Old Mother Church , and all her abuses . It was the law —it was as old as Charles II . What would those spoliators be at ? Did they wish to destroy the Protestant Church in Ireland ? Mr . Osborne frankly responded * - Yes ! " and he was backed b y several other members who , one and all , declared that that church was a

      nuisance , and its abolition an essential portion of any really effective scheme for the regeneration of Ireland . Sir George Grey was very sorry to hear such censurable op inions . He quite agreed that tho tax _was moat obnoxious and unjust in its operation , aud would not defend it , but , in the meantime , he did not see where they could find a substitute for it , and therefore he would movo the previous question . Of course the members representing the Anglo-Irish Church and the Treasury hacks wero in the majority , and Ministers ' Money is left among ' the ' list of causes which spread disaffection and heartburning in unhappy Ireland .

      A swarm of small Bills have progressed throug h several stages , but none calling for any particular comment .

      Defeat Of Ministers. We Have To Announce...

      DEFEAT OF MINISTERS . We have to announce the cheering intelligence that Ministers were defeated upon two important divisions connected with Government liabilit y t o parti e s deposit i ng th e ir monies in the Savings Banks on Thursday evening . A strong audvigorous attempt was made to screen some of the most nefarious practices connected with Irish and . Scotch Savings Banks , and the Cfovernment was evidentl y , an d n o t unn a tur a ll y , under the impression that the disclosure of frauds of

      enormous magnitude , connected with these institutions , would tend to shake the confidence of depositors , as contrary to the received impressions ofthe poor who invest their little all in Savings Banks . The Government was compelled to confess that parties so investing their money had no security , save and except in the honesty of the Trustees , who arc not legally responsible to the depositors—an announcement which we opine will have the effect of destroying confidence in those histi > _tutions , heretofore supposed to be established upon Government securitv .

      In the different Savings Banks there aro Thirty Millions of money , while the poor have no guarantee as to how much is p laced to their credit , and to what extent the Government i _« liable . The Government strugg led h _^ against the appointment of a Committee to inquire into nefarious practices connected with these institutions , although last year they were hut too anxious to submit the aSt _&» ot the National Land Company to the searching revision of a Committee .

      Education.—Lycurgus Esteemed It One Of T...

      Education . —Lycurgus esteemed it one of the greatest duties of a-legislator to form _regnwt-J * for the education of the Spartan children . *" grand maxim was , " That children were the P perty of the state , to which alone their edu _^ was to be intrusted . " In their infancy the w _* were instructed to indulge them neither in tn diet , nor in those little fro ward humours 'vnic h ' _jj so peculiar to that age , to inure them to bear c and fasting , * to conquer their first fears , by _^ . _^ tomingthem to solitude and darkness . T _* ieir tl , re , and clothing were just sufficient to support n _* " < and defend them from the inclemency of the _sc ?* j _^ j Their sports and exercises were such as com '' w to render their limbs supple , and their bodies _ftf pact and firm . Their learning was f _uttS | , ut their occasions ; for Lycurgus admitted _^^ _f u n what w a s trul y _xwfah They were tw _^^ _ta in the best of _sciences—the principles <» " and virtue .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 31, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_31031849/page/4/