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Northern Star (1837-1852), 30th March 1850, Edition 3 of 3, Page 4, KILLING NO MURDER. It would seem that wh...

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    • STO SrolTf0*p01!l-*J?M*
    • THE PETHERN STAB, 8ATB7KDAY, MARCH: 30, 1850.
  • Adverts (11)
  • Text (10)
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      Ad00413

      NATIONAL BENEFIT _SOCIETY , ' _Earolle-l , purauant to lUtuto 9 B » and 19 th Tictwia , c . 27 . THE ABOVE SOCIETY , as amended and legalised : was formerly known as tfie _% UAHOSAL _COOPERATIVE BENEFIT SOMETT- _. _t _ixe _^ _tgera of _wniSIibaveS _setfn tti . _neatslty of legal _protechon for thesecarHy of its members . In framing tbe nenr rules ; cara has beeu token to quali' _-e tha expe _** . _" diturewith the receipts , so that the permanent success of tht _Sjociety should be beyond all _doubu - ' Ths Society is din-lea into three sections , to meet the _neeessitie * » nd requirements ofaU classes of _meeHanies and abourers , from eighteen jears of age to forty . _^ * " _* ¦ " * - * * " " he roELownfO is -ran _smlb or rms to be Md at weekly allowasck e * sicxsks . £ NTBA _7 iCR 2 —•» S tl Age . lstsect ion . 2 ndsecfion . _Sndsection . _FirstSecdoti .. .. ,. 15 0 _TWnMtn-U In on , _* ' £ Second Section W 0 _FromlStoSt .... 3 0 .... 2 0 .... 1 0 Third Section 5 0 — 21—2 i .... 6 0 .... i 0 .... 2 0 *"""* _Vn ~ _ll **"• , ? « " - 6 ° _*•*• 8 ° MEMBBE 3 DEATH . -flUE _' S DEATH . — 32—5 —• 12 ° 8 o ¦••¦ * o £ s . _d . £ e . a . — _™ -f "" } ° < " . — 10 0 .... 5 0 First Section .... 15 O 0 ...... 7 lj > <> """"* _*^~ _™ "" 13 ° 12 ° 6 _Seccm-iSection .. 10 0 0 ' * — oS — ° 21 0 .... It 0 .... 7 0 j Third Section .,.. 5 0 0 Z 00 HOXTHI . TCONZSlBinTO . VS . First Section , 3 s . 6 d Second Section , 2 s . id , Third Section , ls . 2 d . Tie Society meets every Monday evening , at tlie Two Chairmen , AVardour-street , Soho , Middlesex , where erery information can ne had , and meiuhm enrolled . Country friends , applying for rules , can have them forwarded , by enclosing iour postage-stamps . _STemben- of tlie late Co-operative Benefit Society , who have paid all dues and demands up to the 25 th _December , 13 * 9 , etui at wice \ _st _tssatfonea to rather section of the National Benefit Society , _witlwut any extra charge . . Agents and sub-secretaries of the late National Co-operative Benefit Society , are requested to immediately inform the General Secretary of the number of members likely to transfer to the National Benefit Society ; and parties wishing to become agents , or to form branches ofthe new society , can be supplied with every information , on application to the Setretary , hy enclosing a postage-stamp for an answer . ... Jakes _Oeassbi , General Secretary , 9 G , Regent-street . Lambeth .

      Ad00414

      TnE rnwpWT _EDIT _10 M EVES _rUBLISHED , Price ls . 6 & , A new and elegant edition , with Steel Plate of the Author , of PAINE'S POLITICAL W 08 KS .

      Ad00415

      Jfow Ready , a New Edition of MB . _O'GflaNOR'S WORK ON SMALL FA MS Sold by J . Watson , Queen's Head Passage , i " aternoster row , London ; A . Heywood , Oldliam-street , Manchester , and Love and Co ., 5 , Nelson-street , Glasgow . And bi all UookseUcrs in Town and Conntry .

      Ad00416

      PORTRAIT OF JOHN MITCHEL . This day is published , price One Penny , No . XXII . of TJ _EYjSOLDS'S political J \) 1 _XSTKUCTOR .

      Ad00417

      Just Published , 1 G pages , $ vo ., price One Penny , THE FRENCHMAN ; On , THE EXPOSITOR OF THE ORGANISATION OF LABOUR . Edited l >? a Fkesch _Get-oema _* - , In direct communication with the Propagandists of Paris . _Co-cTE-vrs or No . I . Address to the Reader . —The Communism of tlie English _Pl-eSS Exposed . —Education ou Hie Continent . — Becrets of the Revolution of 131 S . — Cooperation , or the Power of Labour . —The Proletarians of France to their Brothers in _JEcgland . —Notices to Cortv = pondents . London : IV . _Strange , and all Booksellers .

      Ad00418

      ' On this day , tlie 30 th of March , will appear , So . I . of a NEW " lYEEKLY JOURNAL , —Price 6 d . ENTITLED THE LEADER . Its master principle will be , the right of every opinion to its own free utterance . It will seek to afford _« xpresaon for the most advanced opinions on the questions of the day—Political , Economical , Social , and Religious . Contents ofthe Paper . —The News ofthe Day , treated so as to expand the most interesting into full and animated narrative -. accurate Commercial Intelligence ; discussion ofthe stiiTing topics of the day , national and local ; an Open Department free to Correspondents on subjects in controtrersy ; a review of the Literature of the day : not only in books , bat _: _< lso iu the events aud influences ofthe _literaiy world at *» - - -: _n- > and abroad - accounts of the progress of Science - elucidation of the Arts of the day , in cr iticism and description ; Original Essays ; Fiction , and occasionally Pictorial Illustrations . The LEaDEB will advocate the most complete forms of _national aud _indirijiinl freedom , in action , _industry , and thought . Earnest convictions will be told iu language direct and unequ _' _roi-al . Published by Joseph Clayton , Jun ., 2 C 5 , Strand , London .

      Ad00419

      THE PEOPLE'S EEVIEW OE LITERATURE AND POLITICS . Edited by Friends of * Order and Progress . ' Sow ready , price Gd . No . 3 , for April , containing : — Art L (* aIcn * aiionsofPro _** resS-2 . Literature of American Individuality . 3 . Foreign Colonisation Debated . 4 . Im portnr . ee ofthe Polish Question in ihe Politics of Europe . _5 . Ancient and ilorlem Notions of Democracy , Bob- Thin's concluding Cuts at the Times " . ToL I . of Tire _Peoixe ' e Review , ih an illustrated wrapper , price , ls . Ci . -. _viUlie ready in a few days . C . Mitchell . Red Lion-court , Fleet-street .

      Ad00420

      BOROUGH OF FIXSBCRT . A PUBLIC MEETING , convened hy the _PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE _XATIOXAL CHAETER ASSOCIATION , for the purpose of _resusitfiting the Chartist Agitation in the borough of Finshurv , will be lield atthe HALT . OF SC 1 EXGE , CITY ROAD * oa _> Yedsesdat _Evsxi-jg , ' Arm * . 3 _su . Messrs . G . W . M . Reynolds , G . Julian Hamey , Samuel 31 . Kydd , and Gerald ilassey , will attend aud adiress the meeting . Chair to ha taken at sight o ' clock . AU-MI 33 ION FitEE . John * _Abxott , Gen . Sec .

      Ad00421

      _SO-CIAL REFORM LEAGUE , Farringdon Hall , King ' s Arms Yard , Bottom of Snow Dill . On _SUSDIV _Ev-lvlvc , MjUicii Sl-iat Seven : Mr . S . KYDD will lecture on the Organisation ot Labour , —Theories of Louis Blaue and Jtf . Chevalier , —Condition oi Britain , and what tlie _Government should do to secure the Peace and Prosperity of ihe Empire . Admission , 2 d . Hexet A . Ivohy , Hon . Sec .

      Ad00422

      _PROCEEDINGS Df PARLIAMENT . A PUBLIC MEETING , xl Convened by the _Tbovisiosai . ( _Jomottee of the 2 _JATIOKAL CHA 11 TF . U ASSOCIATION , -will be held at the LITEBA 11 Y ASD SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE , _JOHSSTREET . TOTTEXILVM-COURT-ROAD , on TUESDAY EVBSISG KEST , _Az-zir . 2 sd , 1850 , for the purpose of Reviewing the _Peoceewxcs is Paimahest during the past week . G . Julian Harney , IV . J . Vernon , "Walter Cooper , Gerald Massey , S . Kydd , and others , are expected to address the meeting . Chair to ha taken at eight o ' clock . _ADMISSION FREE .

      Ad00423

      THE rUSD FOR TnE "WIDOWS A"SD _ORPHANS OF WILLIAMS AND SHARP . A TEA MEETING IN AID OF THE above fund { and to celebrate the second anniversary of the memorable _lOiii of A pril , ISIS ) , will take place inthe _NATIONAL HALL , 242 , _RIGII _ROLBOlty , On _WEDXESDAY , APRIL lorn . After the Tea A PUBLIC _MEETING WiU be held , at which the advocates of democratic and social progress are hereby invited to attend . Tea on the tabic at Sis , and the Fufclic Meeting to commence at Eight o'clock . William Davis in the Chair . Tickets for the Ter , One Shilling each , may be had at Reynolds ' s Pohticai . Lvstkcctob Office , 7 , Wellingtonstreet North , StrauJ ; Land Office , IU , High Holborn ; the several Metropolitan Localities : of Mr . _MUls _, at the National HaU ; of His Members ofthe Committee ; and of the Secretary , John J . Ferdinando , 18 , 2 few Tyssen-street , Bethnal-green . Admission to Puhlic Meeting - —Hall , 2 d . _Callerr . 3 d .

      Deafness. — Important Notice. — Mr. Fkax...

      DEAFNESS . — Important Notice . — Mr . FKAXCIS , the eminent aurist , who lias devoted his attention solely to DISEASES of the EAR , continues to effect the most astonishing cures in all those inveterate cases which have long been considered hopeless , and of thirty or forty years standing , enabling the patient to hear a whisper , without pain or operation , effectually removing deafness , noises in ih » head , and aU diseases ofthe aural canal . Mr . P . attends daily from 10 until 6 , at his consulting rooms , C , Ueaufort-huildings , Strand , Loudon . Persons at a distance can state their case hy letter . Advice to the poor , Monday , Wednesday , and Friday , from 6 till 8 in the evening .

      TO TIiE EMBARRASSED . THERE are thousands of persons who have long struggled against the force of misfortune , but few are aware Suit , by very recent Acts , all small traders owing debts not exceeding £ 300 , farmers , private and professional gentlemen , and all other- ; , owing to any amount ( the latter without any publicity ) , can be entirely raised from their difficulties at small expense , and without imprisonment or bankruptcy . AU such Mr . Westos begs -will apply to lum at 6 , Essex-street , Strand , by letter , or personally . OSce hours from 10 till 2 , and 6 till 8 . K . B . —The above Acts stay all Palace Court , County Court , and other proceedings . Clergymen neednot submit to sequestration ,.

      W Emigration To North America. T Apscott...

      W EMIGRATION TO NORTH AMERICA . T APSCOTT AND CO ., SHIPPING _^^ eh _^ iic _^ Z _^ ' UVerP 001 3 C ° nUnUe t 0 _£ _oK _l O _^ _-SYe- _^ Kve Bays . ToBOSTOX ana _PHH _^ _ELPHU-ievery Fifteen Days . _aJ _^ _SS _^ LEST < _^ TASSAH , QUEBEC ' * Z _^& _ffi _£ & £ _* _- _^ wYork , payable * _£ ? e _^ l _fg _^* ' _** ' "at ** , on x _« eiptof

      W Emigration To North America. T Apscott...

      Ifow ready , with the _Magazines for April , No . XI . of

      THE DEMOCRATIC REVIEW Of BRITISH and FOREIGN POLITICS . HISTORY and LITERATURE . Edited by G . JULIAN HARNET . COXTBiTS ; 1 . The Stamp Tax en Newspapers . 2 . March ofthe Red Republic . 3 . Revelations of the Building Trados . Tart II . 4 . A Glance at History . Part III . _s . The History 0 f Socialism . Uy Louis Blanc . Leeture IL 6 . Democracy defended in reply to the ' Latter-Day ' ravings of Thomas Carlyle . 7 . Two Years of a Revolution . l & _iS—lSiS . 8 . The Fraternal Democrats . ! ) . Poetry : ' The Red Flag , ' ic ., ic . 10 . Letter from France . 11 . Letter from America . 12 . Political Postscript . _Fobti Pages ( in a coloured wrapper ) , _Paica

      THREEPENCE . London : Published by J . Watson , 3 , Queen ' s Head passage , Paternoster-row .

      Armand Barses. The Democratic And Social...

      ARMAND BARSES . THE DEMOCRATIC AND SOCIAL REPUBLIC . & JULIAN HARNEY has the pleasure of announcing that he has _rectdvad from Paris a number of copies ofa superb portrait ofthe incorruptible and suffering patriot Barbes . The _e-igwing beautifully executed , and the likeness warranted . Price Is . Gd . G . J . H . has also received copies of a series of lithograpic prints descriptive ot the foundation and _progress of the Universal Democratir : and Social Repuhlic . Price 2 s . each . The immense superiority of French over English lithography is well ktioivn _, and these lithographs arc perhaps tlie most beautiful ever published in Paris . To be appreciated thejr must he seen . Every democrat should possess these magnificent and invaluable compoHtions . To be had only of G . Julian Harney ; Mr . J . Watson , 3 , Queen' . * Head Passage , Paternoster Row ; Mr . Truelove , bookseller , John-street , Tottenham Court Road ; and Mr . Packer , 53 , Great Jamei-street , Lisson-grove .

      Sto Sroltf0*P01!L-*J?M*

      _STO _SrolTf 0 _* p 01 ! l- _* J ? M *

      _No-msGaAJi . —J . Sweet acknowledges the receipt of the following sums , sent herewith , viz .: —Foil TnE O'Connor LNDEsmrrr Fcnd . —Mr . John Haddon , ls ; Mr . Carter , Cd ; Mr . Hudson , 3 d ; Mr . Scrimshaw , ls ; Mr . Chippindale , Is ; Hyson-green district , third subscription , 7 s 8 d ; Mr . Ilenson , 3 d ; Mr . SimpHin , Cd . For Victim Fond . —Mr . T . Fox , 2 d ; Mr . W . Lees , ls _Monument Fond . —Mr . W . Lees , Gd . Coneab _Spbisgham ., Norwich Thanks to the contributors of the fund . Mr . B . Smith , near Otley , in Yorkshire , must write through tlie secretary of the ' branch to which he belongs—to Conrad Springhall , the secretary ofthe Norwich branch oi the Land Company . J . _SKEamrr , Nottingham , begs to acknowledge the receipt of the following sums for the Honesty Fund , viz . : — New Basford . per ilr . Fletcher's Book , tl 2 s ; Mr , Ligett ' s Book , 3 s lOd ; Mr . Oldknow _' s Book , 9 < 1 ; Mr . Mason ' s rook , ls Gd ; Mr . Wnrdley _' s Book , 3 s 9 d ; Mr .

      French ' s Book , ls - Mr . Treece ' s Boek , 2 s ; Mr . Roberts Book , 4 s 4 Jd ; Mr . Poyser ' s Book , 3 s . Mr . J . Brows , Preston . —The payment of the amount of your order for the Honesty Fund ( CSV is refused at thc General Post Office , in consequence of some error . Vou stated it to be obtained by you and made payable to me . It appears not to be the case . Will you eaU at the Preston Post Office and inquire into the matter , and let me know the result " W . Rideb . _noNESTT Fund . —The sum total of monies received from Heywood and Johnstone by Mr . Rider , wiU be found in his list . —Heywood , per J . Whobtcuholme : —J . Hampson , ls ; James Key Taylor , Is ; John Haworth , Is ; James Wholstenholme , Gd ; James Kev , Gd ; Amos Smith , Gd ; Joseph Fitton , Gd ; John Chedwick , 3 d ; A Taylor . 3 d ; James Ashworth , 3 d ; Josiah Slatev , 3 d ; James Livsey , 3 d . Johnstone , per John M'Phail : —David Moray , weaver . Rankin-street , Johnstone , ls ; John Caldwell ,

      do ., Is Id ; John M'Phail , do ., 2 s Ud ; Wm . Backet , do ., GJd ; Daniel M'Caul , do ., G _\ A ; Archibald M'C » . ul , jun ., do ., GJd : James Love , do ., Eldersley , CJd ; for the order 3 d , and Id for paper and a stamp— l ' otal , Gs 41 d . Chatham—Mr . J . Fleming begs to acknowledge the receipt ofthe following sums for the Honesty Fund , send herewith : —G . Pattison , Gd ; C Pattison , Is : Morrison , ls ; Butcher , Cd ; Hunter , Gd ; I » ory . Gd ; Fleming , Cd ; Harris , 3 d ; Gledall , 3 d ; Webb , Gd ; Moss , ls 3 d ; T . B ., Is ; C , 6 d ; D ., Gd ; R ., Gd ; S ., Cd ; D ., Cd ; B ., 3 d ; P ., Is . Fob Db , M'Douail ' s Familt . —Received by Andrew M'Fee , Liverpool , a post-office order for os , from the Eagle Tavern Locality , Nottingham . Jons Peacock , Cork . —Received . Thanks . James Babbie , Ashford . —The friend named in vour letter

      ofthe 12 th , will attend on the conditions _specified . Jt * iiA > llAEXETh . is received the invitation to Birstall , and will try to visit his friends in that place in tlie course of the _ensuiiirr summer . Julian Harney has received , and paid over to Mr . Rider , for tbe Honesty Fund : —Sheffield , per G . Cavil , - 10 s . j Goigie Mills , per Mr . Median , 15 s Cd ; Norwich , per Mr . nurry , 20 s , and Mr . Matchett , 4 s ; Reading , per H . Ellis , 16 s Gd . J . II . has also received , and paid over to Mr . Reynolds , for the Sharp and Williams Monument Fund : from Newcastle . _ou-Tync , per Mr . Jude . Ws ; also received _, and paid over to Mr . Arnott , for the Chartist Executive , from Sheffield , per Mr . G . Cavill , 5 s ; also , for the Fraternal Democrats , from Nottingham , per Mr . Radford , 13 s . Mr . T . GHEES , OrsaBborough . —Your paper was posted on the evening ou the 22 nd inst . We posted another on the

      27 th . J . F ., Nielstone . —No room . A number of communications have beeu received for which we have no room this week .

      Sale Of The Great Dodford Estate. There ...

      SALE OF THE GREAT DODFORD ESTATE . There are eighty acres , or _thereabouts , of the Dodford Estate yet unoccupied , which will he put up and sold hy auction in Bromsgrove , and will be dul y advertised in the local newspapers . The sale will take place on the 15 th of April .

      The Pethern Stab, 8atb7kday, March: 30, 1850.

      THE PETHERN STAB , 8 ATB 7 KDAY , MARCH : 30 , 1850 .

      The Short Time Question. A More Unanswer...

      THE SHORT TIME QUESTION . A more unanswerable and perfect case than that of the factory operatives , as represented by Lord Ashley , was never laid before Parliament . By the somewhat stringent rules and necessary formalities of such a body , many things are excluded in the consideration of questions which would be admitted elsewhereif not as valid arguments , at least as elements in forming an opinion . But tlio most rigid Parliamentary martinet and disciplinarian must confess , that the case was complete at all points ; and , indeed , at the conclusion of Lord Ashley's speech , it puzzled us to conjecture upon what possible ground the shadow of an opposition could be raised .

      In reviewing the decision of tbe Court of Exchequer , we recently took occasion to show that that decision wa 6 adverse to tho spirit of the law , and , the intention of the Legislature in passing it . The specific ohject of Lord Ashley , was to remedy the defect in the verbal construction of a particular clause , and to make the hours of labour continuous instead of intermittent . The omission ofthe term continuous or consecutive , was held by the Judges to vitiate the act , and render it null and void for the purposes intended . Lord Ashley , on behalf of the factory operatives , and a large portion of the factory owners , asked for a declaratory and specific enactment on that point . Apart from all other considerations than the

      single one of good faith , he had a right to call upon Parliament to do this . There was no more doubt as to what the Legislature meant , when it passed the Act of 18 * 7 , than there is that the sun is above the horizon at noon-day . But Lord ASHLEY did not content himself with merely calling upon the so-called representativesof the people to be honest—he adduced a host of evidence aa to the moral , physical , and intellectual advantages that had resulted from tho law , wherever it had been carried oat , of the most gratifying and conclusive description . Fortunately the law-breakers are in the minority , and , therefore , its operation has been tested upon a large scale . ' Tho health ofthe operative ! hu _dwidedly

      The Short Time Question. A More Unanswer...

      improved under the restricted hours of labour . The books of the _jSick : land . Burial . Societies distinctly prove that fact ; Under the old system , many of them wereunabl « j--. of fearely able _-f-to " make both -ends ' meet '¦;"• - the ' smaller demand upon their funds now _leaves them a considerable balance at the end of the year . Here , then , is an immense advantage to the working man , and his family . To the _wealthy , whose income does not depend upon personal exertion—who are enabled , by the cunninglycontrived machinery of society , to set others to work for their benefit—a fit of sicknessmatters very little . The comforts and enjoyments of their families are untouched . The fee of a

      doctor is an infinitessioiall y-small per centage upon the annual income . But to the man who has to depend upon the labour of his hands , or of his hoad , for every shilling he receives- —who , by the very fact of his being so dependent , and having , at the same time , to compete with a host of others similarly situated , is always paid the very lowest pittance in return for his exertions , sickness ia _synpnimous with poverty and want . . The sufferings of the patient arc aggravated by the knowledge that his cupboard is empty , and his tabic bare ; unless , indeed , he can get credit ; and then when he recovers from his illness he

      finds what is , to him , a huge debt , to the huxter and the doctor , strapped upon his weakened shoulders . Health—a prime blessing to allis , therefore , thefirst and most essential blessing to the working man ; and , so far as the Ten Hours Act has been tried , there is clear and distinct proof that it has greatly improved the health ofthe factory hands . " With health and greater leisure ,, cleanliness , comfort , and greater economy have followed . Schools are more numerously attended ; the women and girls are now enabled to attend to domestic and household duties .

      Home is made attractive . It is becoming almost for the first time in the history of "Mill hands , " Home in the true sense of that term ; a place wherein the kindly affections and sympathies which knit parents and children , brothers and sisters to each other , are nurtured and developed . Hundreds are engaged in learning to read and write , to knit and sow , and make their own clothes , who , under the old system , would have grown

      up utterly ignorant of all that pertains to the . duties of a wife and a mother , and the mistress of a household ,, however humble . Fifty night schools have been opened in Leeds alone , since the passing ofthe Act and whereever we turn , we find that tho operatives havo eagerly seized upon the opportunity afforded by the law , of more leisure to acquire that knowledge which , after all , is the soundest basis of national greatness , and the best guarantee of its continuance .

      Another consequence of tho law may be specially noticed : — ' In many of the districts , " says Lord Ashley , " The operatives have got small portions of land , and have cultivated them in their leisure hours , and have in some instances , raised not only vegetables for themselves , but enough food for a cow ; and so eager are they in this work , that they frequently labour until twelve o ' clock at night . " What a pity it is , that the selfishnsss and ingratitude of some , and the malignant opposition of others , should have prevented the realisation of the Land Plan ! God never intended that men should

      wear out life and strength , in the body-andmiud-prostrating and enervating atmosphere of the factory . Under tho broad blue canopy of Heaven , with its fresh breath fanning his _che-jdc , aud the song of the lark to cheer his toil , tho labourer at once produces that which is of universal and intrinsic value to society , and wins health and longevity for himself . It appears from a letter of the Sub-Inspector to Mr . Saunders , that the district in which these small allotments are most numerous is—that of Todmorden , where the extensive works ' of the Messrs . _FielDEN are situated . The Son of the late

      excellent and amiable John Fielden , is a worthy successor of his father , and to the fidelity with which the firm has carried out the law , which his father introduced , and had the high gratification of carrying through the Legislature , we , no doubt , owe many of the facts stated by the Sub-Inspector . He says : ' Three-fourths of theland which is now ap" propriated for garden purposes in this neigh" bourhood , have boen called into existence by " the factory labourer having more spare " time . * * * ' Diverge from Tod" morden which way you please two and a-hall

      ¦¦ mile s , and you will find plots of land , rail" way slopes , odd bits , and ends which used to 44 be waste , now furnishing recreation , health , " andfood , lo the cottager . " Similar evidence is given as to Keighley , and in Oldham , the Spinners' Association have made a step forward in a most important direction . They •' have taken a considerable piece of land , and 44 whenever any one of the body was out of work , ' instead of feeding niM in idleness , they 41 him on that piece of land , and the result " had been a saving in the rates of £ 75 last " year . " The whole of that passage from Lord Ashley ' s speech should be conned by

      heart , and be thought over deeply . It contains the germ and the illustration on a small scale , of the principle through which the Labour class can alone effect their emancipation from the fell and deadly gripe of capital . On the whole , never was there a single measure so manifestly and so speedily productive ofthe most valuable physical , intellectual , and moral advantages , as this law for which tho people struggled hard in defiance of wealth , power , and political influence for nearly thirty years , and which a section of greedy and unprincipled mill-masters would now wrest from them , after they have barely entered in possession of their hard won victory .

      When we turn to the contra side of the account , the case ol the opponents of the law is as weak and indefensible as that of the operatives is strong . Not one of thoir predictionB has been realised . Everyone ofthe anticipations of the advocates of regulated labour have been fulfilled . We were told in 1844 and 1847 , that complete ruin would befal the manufacturing interest , if such an interference with the rights of capital was sanctioned . What is the fact ? Why , that under an Eleven Hours Act for three years , and a Ten Hours Act for two years , we have the

      admission of the opponents of the measure ( when boasting of the beneficial effects of Free Trade on manufactures , )—that the prosperity of that interest has been wonderful , notwithstanding the restriction as to hours , to which it has been subject . Thoy must not be allowed to blow hot and cold-on tho subject . The language put into the mouth of the Sovereign by tho Ministry , at the opening of the session , in which she congratulated the country upon the great and general prosperity ofthemanufacturiiigdistricts _mustbepresumed to be true . O f course nobod y can believe , that

      for the purpose of bolstering up a favourite theory , even the Whigs would causo the Queen to tell a lie . And , of course , also Mr . Villiers , " who moved the address to that Royal Speech , was well assured that all the glowing pictures he drew of the extraordinary prosperity of- the manufacturing interest were founded in fact . The Ten Hours Bill has , therefore , not ruined it . False prediction number one . In the next place , capital was

      tobe withdrawn from factories in this country , and carried off to others , where no such inter _, ference existed . What is the fact ? Why , that a very great additional amount of capital has been invested since 1848 , either in additions to old mills , or in the construction of new ones . False prediction number two . Their production was to be diminished one sixth , co-ordinately with the reduction of ; the hours of labour . The very opposite has been tha cue . In cotton goods the increased

      The Short Time Question. A More Unanswer...

      export has been' _, % elv _^ per _M _^ decrease of sixteen Iper cent .: " . ' . aa waif calcu-. lated ; while , in yarn , and _., _twisty the production has . been also enormously increased ; False prediction number : three . The case of the millowners mainly rested , upon these grounds , and on every one of them it has . utterly and totally broken down . . They pretended also a great concern about the reduction of wages ,

      which would , they asserted , inevitably follow a reduction of the hours of labour . Everybody that knew anything of , them , knew very well that this was a piece of pure hypocrisy on their part ; and it has turned out to be as true as everything else they said in opposition- to the Bill . In the few cases where wages have been slightly—very slightly—reduced , it lias been ' more than compensated by _^ tho saving which the shorter hours of labour enabled the

      operatives to mako at home , in many- nay , in most cases , the result has been , either that wages havebeen stationary , or have advanced ; and , under any aspect , the condition of the operative has been vastly improved . The contrast between tliese different results raises some grave reflections as to wider and more universally interesting questions . We are constantly told , by the organs ofthe ruling and influential classes , that the labour class , aud thoir advocates , are ignorant of the principles of sound Political Economy , and that the industrious classos are not to be intrusted with the selection of their representatives , or a voice in making the laws .

      Let us test these assertions by facts . Here we have an Act of Parliament whicli was passed in the very teeth of all our great Political Economists , which attacks their whole system at its very foundation , and which they have assailed , with their usual vituperation , as being Communistic and Socialist . They predict all kinds of mischief to arise from such fatal and such ignorant legislation ; and when time has tested the working of the law , it is found that , in every instance—even by tlieir own statements- —they are in error ; while every anticipation of tbe '' Communistic and

      Socialist" Economists is fully realised . Ought not this to convince the nation that , in following such blind leaders , wc aro certain ultimately to fall into an abyss of difficulty and adversity , which it may , perhaps , be impossible to extricate ourselves from ? "We solemnly avow our belief , that the predominant party iu the Legislature have turned their backs . upon the point they , profess to be marching towards , and that every step they

      take leads tliem further from it . They have adopted an antagonistic and disorganising principle , instead of a combining and constructive one . Repulsion and Selfishness are their motive powers , not Attraction and . brotherly Love . With such devil's doctrines to guide us , nothing but devilish passions and devilish actions can be expected . Our wise men , and sage legislators , turn the country into a , Pandemonium , and theii call upon us to admire their handy work !

      For their sakes , and for our own , it is time that such madmen should no longer have the power to abuse and pervert the magnificent resources of this great country . The infernal gospel of " every man for himself , and the Devil take the hindmost / " must no longer be preached in high places , as the true salvation of nations , and the only rulo of Governments . Ten Hours Acts are but the faint heralds oi

      a new social economy , and a new principle of legislation and government , iri which the principle of regulation will supersede that of selfish and uncontrolled free action , for individual purposes . Society must not always be divided into oppressors and oppressed—plunderers and plundered . It possesses the elements of better things , and despite tho professors of the " Dismal-Science , " will yet use these elements aright .

      Meantime , notwithstanding the inexpressibly mean and disgusting equivocation of Sir Q . Gbey—despite the disgraceful peddling of the Government , as a whole—and the bolder opposition of Mr . Bright , and the lawbreakers , the new ' ¦ Declaratory Act" has passed the second reading .

      Killing No Murder. It Would Seem That Wh...

      KILLING NO MURDER . It would seem that what is called justice in this country is dispensed , not upon any fixed principle , but according to the caprices of the presiding JUDGE for the time being , A case lias just occurred , wliich must rouse universal indignation and disgust throughout the country , and tend more to weaken any sentiment of respect for the law and its administrators , thau the most inflammable and seditious harangues . If it is to be set up as an example , the lives of the poor will in future be less protected than they were in tho " good old times " of villainage , when , for a fixed sum , members of tbo privileged orders might indulge in the amusement of killing the lower classes , " an it pleased them . "

      A brief recital of the facts will be enough to place the monstrous nature of the case before our readers . Mary Anne Parsons , a girl between fourteen and fifteen years of age , was the daughter ofa widow , both of whom poverty and misfortune had driven into the workhouse of tho Bideford Union . The poor creatures , who are so placed , are saleable by the guardians as much as if they were slaves ; and this girl was sent out to service , from whence , in a short time , she was returned as not being strong enough . She was a cleanly girl when sent out , she returned suffering from itch and

      ringworm , a decisive proof of the habits of the people she had been sent to ho a slave to . Misery would appear to have been hev lot from the beginning . After her return to the workhouse , Robert Bird , a farmer , and Sarah Bird his wife , applied for a servant , and Parsons was recommended to them . They took her to lier new home , well and in perfect health , on the 29 th September . "Prom that time she was subjected to such a continuous and diabolical system of ill-usage from tliese two fiends as , probably , is without parallel . Blows ,

      stripes , and kicks , and poor living , wero the return for her labour . The application of a rough stick—of leathern thongs—of part of a prickly furze-bush—to her shoulders , and other parts of her person , as well as to her head—for tho blood was seen trickling down her neck—was , in the long-run , too much for a frame reduced by semi-starvation ; and , at last , she could not carry tho pa . il which contained the pigs' victuals . Upon this , the inhuman monsters , who were thus remorselessly and surely murdering their wretched victim , complained to the master ofthe

      workhouse , and he advised " more stick to her back ! " The torture and the ill-usage was too severe to last long . Happily for the helpless child , death stepped in , and sent her " where the -wicked cease to trouble , and the weary . areatrest . " On the 4 th of January — three months after entering into this illfated service—she died . The circumstances attendant upon her death , . were in keeping with the horrible details throughout .. Unable to move about , the poor girl had crawled to bed in a loft . Faint , thirsty , and dying , she cried for even a draught of water , to which her mistress replied , that "if she wanted water ,

      sho had , better come down for it , or keep a servant . " From her death-bed , the tortured girl rose , crept down stairs in order to assuage the agonies of thirst ; butj on reaching the kitchen » tottered and fell by the fire-place . It was evident death had commenced his work . Her mistress ordered her to return to bed . Fear of the results of their cruelty induced them to visit her during the night . Her extremities ; were already cold , and they applied hot' bottles'to them . In rain .: _«¦ Nothing _couU harm , her further . " On going to her bet ! iii ihe . morning , she was found _deadi with a smile upon her face , &« though T _^ oice _^ to

      Killing No Murder. It Would Seem That Wh...

      leave : al . world _ifl which , Borrowy poverty , and cruelty _^ liaid ' been her' constant companions during her sh 6 * rt ! pil _^ inag _^ ' , ; r . _Threedaya elapsed before these two wretches gave notice of the fate of their murdered victim to a , surgeon , 'In the meantime , ' they had been endeavouring in . every possible way to escapethe consequences of their crime . ' The mother was sent for , and Mrs . Bird fell on her knees , and implored her not to let the case go before a coroner ' s jury , but the poor woman refused to be a party to hushing up the riiardei" of her daughter , At last the surgeon was sent for , and this is the description ofthe results of his postmortem examination , as sworn to before Mr . Justice Talfourd , at Exeter , on Sunday , the 22 nd inst . : —

      "On tho legs and thighs I saw several wounds , varying in extent , and evidently inflicted by some irregular or rough weapon . It struck mo to have been by a birch . There was a braise on the chest . The face was discoloured , and the forehead , and some abscesses were on the arms and fingers . The skin over the bowels wa 3 discoloured . On the left arm there was an abscess , and the skin immediately round it was discoloured , as if it had been bruised some time , perhaps a fortnight . The abscess had burst below the elbow . There was another abscess just forming . The nails of the little and fore finger were gone , apparently some time . The two middle finger nails wero also gone , apparently more

      recently , and . in one the bone protruded . On the right arm there was also an abscess that had also burst . On the right hip there was a large slough . On the posterior part of the hips were several wounds , apparently inflicted somo time . Thoy wore covered with plaster , and appeared to be old sores . Between the shoulders wore , two trivial bruises . There was also a mark on thc face , from the temple down to the cheek . On removing the scalp I found another bruise on the back ofthe head , with considerable extravasation of blood diffused between the scalp and the skull . " Then , after _stating thathe observed congestion pf the membranes of the brain , and at the base of the brain _extravasation of blood , and that he " found the cause of death in the head . "

      Mr . Turner continued : — "In my judgment , death _tuas the result of the external injuries . I could not form a judgment how that violence had been inflicted . I don't think tlie injuries I saw in the head were produced from falls . The condition of the girl must have been extremely reduced before death , and the powers of life weakened . . The injuries I observed would have produced an effect on the nervous system , -which is connected with the brain . " Another medical witness , Mr . Edge , a 6 Urg « ori to the hospital at Exeter , " conceives that Mr . Turner is correct in the opinion that'he formed , as to the time of death , and the cause . "

      Who inflicted these , horrible injuries upon a young and helpless girl ? Three witnesses gave direct and positive evidence of having witnessed ill-usage both by , Bird and his wife , and in the presence of both . The house was a lone one , but human eyes and , ears were not always absent when these floggings were inflicted . One of the farm labourers distinctly deposed to having seen Mrs . Bird flog her across the shoulders with a hazel stick , and upon another occasion Bird struck her twice with a " furze stub , " "the stick had spragg les On each side of it , and the thongs were used to mend the harness with . " When produced iu the Court , they " were dirty at the ends . " That "dirt" was the browned and

      encrusted blood of Mary Anise _Parsoks ' . Besides this , an abundance of corroborative evidence , and the all but confession ofthe murderers themselves , was produced , for the purpose of fastening the criminal act upon its perpetrators . If ever a clear case was presented in a Court of Justice—this was one . Not so thought Mr . Justice Talfourd . To his mind there was no legal evidence .. He required it to be distinctly proved who struck the blow that caused the injury upon tho head , which was the immediate cause of death ; though the surgeon distinctly intimated the previous wounds and injuries , and the general injury to the nervous system , were the proximate cause . His second reason for directiner

      an acquittal , was , that , even if the blow had been struck , there was no reason to fix it upon one of the parties more than another . If this is to be the law in future , Mr . Ewart need not trouble himself about the abolition of Capital Punishments . It will only be necessary to take care that nobody sees the blow struck ; and to show that it is possible , secondary causes may have been the immediate cause of death . The Mannings , however , seem to have been very badly treated by the Judge and jury who tried them , if this be so . Nobody saw which of them fired the pistol that killed O'Connor , yet that did not prevent their being hanged upon circumstantial evidence not a whit more conclusive than

      that adduced at Exeter , and which resulted in Mr . Justice Talfourd letting loose upon society two persons , who are morally , if not legally , murderers . " Of the jury we say nothing , because they could not , after such a summing up , do other than they did . But wo again warn lawyer , * and Judges , that to play with lifo , and the most sacred feelings of the poor , in this way , is to sow the country with Dragon ' s teeth . They will spring up armed men . Let but the conviction once spread thatthe life of the poor man , or the poor man ' s child , is as little protected as we all know his property— -labour—is , and the fee-simple of the " Glorious British Constitution" will not bo worth many years ' purchase .

      Parliamentary Review. St. Stephen's Is C...

      PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . St . Stephen ' s is closed , and our legislators rest from their labours . The cabmen , who for the last eight weeks have thronged Palace Yard , have sought other " stands , " and the neig hbourhood ofthe " New Palace of Westminster , " has relapsed into its usual quietude . It is well understood that the anti-Paschal sitting determines the character and results of the session . Measures brought in afterwards are merely for show or ventilation ,

      not immediate use . Here and there , when a more than ordinarily tempting job has to be perpetrated , or something pressingl y required for official convenience presents itself , an exceptional measure may be hurried or smuggled through ; but , generally speaking , we may predicate pretty accuratel y with the commencement of the Easter recess , what will he the product of the session at its close about the end of July or middle of August .

      The present Ministry did not begin the Parliamentary season with any very great promises ; their programme was meagre enough as to the number of measures promised , and the measures themselves only as large as was to be expected from Whigs ; but , as far as we can see at present , it appears as though the performance would be infinitel y smaller , They have got into an inveterate habit of trifling with the public time and money , wliich is , Thomas Carlyle says , " curable by no hellebore . '' According to their practice , it would seem as if they believed the highest art of statesmanship to consist in doing as little as possible at the greatest possible cost . Abuses of every kind , whether large or small , from the maintenance of a mischievous

      slave squadron at an annual cost of a million sterling , down to an encroachment by Lord Ellesmere on the public rights in the Green Park , find in them congenial defenders . In foreign politics they can bully and swagger , _sJhd thrash small states like Greece , while they cringe and fawn to powerful despotisms , and receive insults with a meekness that ought to satisfy even the members of the Peace Society . In domestic affairs a similar policy is manifested . Powerful parliamentary

      parties are conciliated , petted and bribed ; weak ones insulted , cuffed and . despoiled . Having no inherent ov intrinsic strength aa a party , they maintain an official existence simply by playing off one party against another , according tothe exigencies of the movement , or when that fails , they summon their retainers to Downing-street , and frighten such simple souls as poor Charles Lushington into hysterics by ¦ ¦» threat of resigning . How we ' .. shonld like to ' j » f _^" ' t _^' _' _'at'iliat . _f ; . We . oim _^ "the _memben of the Cabinet" -who were present

      Parliamentary Review. St. Stephen's Is C...

      at that memorabl & teteirview , winkinj ? _«* _" other , and _linghing . ifa _tteir sleeves whL _^ Pjibmier threatenedthecoiffitry withZ f _^ of their iaestimable and peerlew _serviced _" hi What ¦• are wei to _>' expect from the m _* _sesBion ? Qn the first ni ghfthe _noiice r . _^ _presented a list of subjects which if tat-. ' r in good earnest ,, and treated in _anything n a _compreheniive style , might have a ] m A _conciledut to the absence for _ayear ri _? more of any organic , reform . The G ° ment promised to deal , among other -v er ! l " with tha questions , of Colon ial * r t > Savings Banks , Sanitary Improvemen t w ' Parliamentary Reform , Woods and ! & * Charitable / rust , , lW of LandW _» Tenant , and similar matters . What * _, „ - _ D _« done ? " flat _hashes

      ' Colonial _^ Reform has translated it 8 f- * f infft homoepatluc dose of representative 6 _« _a ment , so exceedingly infinitesm al in if , ' portions that we suspect thepatient will Pr ° " know he has been blessed with the n- _»* _* self Government , In the Colonies , asatl * the great horror of our legislators is tha , 1 ?' mocratic element . " Unless that be _fe-- ° * and coutrolled by all manner of ! , ' ed manacles , everything will be turned ! _? 4 down , and perhaps tho advocates of ' _theL strictions have an uncomfortable _feelW i them , that , if that was the case , th e _^ _H ino reiver

      . xiigniana would he realised " i " every honest man get his ain again " Th however , do not wish to see restitution m 2 nor do they wish that labour should be _intV Colonies other than what it is at home-T bond slave of capital—the sponge , vhenc ! . power and cunning may squeeze wealth ind luxury for the idle , and _non-produl _" classes of the community . Hence the new Constitutions which are to bo given to our Colonies in the Southern Hemisphere

      * 11 _Ti 1 VlTTf" » l »* i * # in / lnnnra . ll * _a _» .. 1 __ . »_ 1 l 1 > 9 everything is carefully calculated , anci J ' prossly derived , for the-purpose of rendering the subjugation of the labouring classes to the wealthy classes , as complete as possible . *} fot a small portion Of the period during which Parliament has sat has been consumed in the discussions on this Bill , which will yet absorb a largo amount of time in the subsequent sittings ; and if passed in its present shape , will only be valuable because it gives—or professes

      to give—the Colonists the power of afterwards framing such institutions as they may think best fitted for their peculiar circumstances . We say professes to give , because we are not certain , in case of any of these Colonies availing themselves of this right , whether the final sanction of the Crown , or , in other words , of the Colonial Office , which is reserved , would be very easily obtained , should the Colonists give a predominance , or even aa equal chance to the " democratic element "

      As to the Irish Parliamentary Reform Bill —whicli , like the Colonial Bill , has occupied some time , and will occupy more—we have only to say , that it is as paltry in conception ¦ m it will be delusive in practice . It is a mere party " dodge * ' on the side of the Whigs , to give them a preponderance over thc Proteo tionists in case ofa General Election . As to any . intention of enfranchising the people of Ireland , they are at least honest enough not to

      pretend they wish for such a thing . It _isstrictlv a party fight , and as such is opposed and advocated . What have the people of Ireland to do with such a faction-fi ght ? Simply to let the belligerents fight it out , while they bestir themselves earnestly to create such an enli ghtened and powerful public opinion in Ireland , as will , ultimately , conquer both factions , and give the government of " Ireland to the Irish . "

      Bills for the improvemement of the Mercantile Marine—with the view of elevating the standard of qualifications of commanders , and protecting the persons and interests of the seamen—have been introduced ; but there the matter rests . Mr . Labouchere , like all the Members of the Cabinet , is dreadfully bold when he has got hold of a weak interest , but craven enough when he has to grapple with a strong one . Tho shipping interest threatens a strong opposition , because a higher standard for captains , and just and humane treatment to sailors , pre-supposes a pull at profit , and ( slightly to alter the well-known couplet ) : — " When p « r cent i » in the case ,

      All other things of course give place ;" So the President of the Board of Trade , " willing to strike , but yet afraid to wound , " lets his bills stand on the notice paper a mere brutum fulmen . Perhaps at the end- of the Session they will be found consigned to that limbo of ' ' good intentions , " which somehow or other seems to be the destination of the great mass of Whig measures _.

      . The great measures of Sanatory Reform have not yet made their appearance ; ** Church _, yards still yawn " for corpses in the middle of the metropolis , " and g raves give up their dead , " to the mutilating spades and crushing rammers of sextons and their brutal assistants , in order to make room for more . Tlie Cockney population are still doomed to drink partially filtered sewer water , in order that shareholders in monopolising water companies may enjoy _sv good dividend ; and large masses are doomed to die daily in districts _uudraiued , unventilated , and unsewered , while rival factions and engineers ave disputing about plans , and wasting the public money in their disgraceful

      squabbles . A Public Health Bill for Scotland has been brought in , but since its first introduction sub silentio , we have heard no more of it . In like maimer the Woods and Forests Reform Bill has not advanced a single step since it was brought in . Charitable Trusts have not yet been touched ; and Savings Banks , after standing on the paper for weeks , disapp eared at last—thoug h in that case we presume the ill health of Sir Charles Wood was tiie cause of delay . In short , at the termination of the first two months of the Session , wo _nni that absolutely nothing has been finished , mo one or two merely routine bills , aud sundry votes of good round sums of money .

      As to the budget , which this year was presented earlier than usual with Whigs , it is almost certain , that the only part of it which enters into details , and requires business . habit ** , namely—that relating to stamps-on transfers , leases , conveyances , & c . —will have to be entirely withdrawn . Under the false pretence of reduciug some 300 _. 000 Z . of taxes , Sir Charles in reality proposes a very large increase of the duties levied on these

      transactions . Whatever may be the abstract _propriety of such additional duties , nnd their extension to transactions at present unburdened with such taxes as , for instance , transfer of stock and railway shares , now free—that is not the immediate point at issue . It is whether the Chancellor of the Exchequer , under the pretence of reducing , is justified in increasing taxation ; and if taxation i 3 to bo increased , what is he going to do with- the surplus ? Are we to have the duties on tw windows taken off , erthe tax upon wap _, < upon paper 1 " ,. Positively then , it will be seen that

      Parliament up to this time has done nothing--a _""« farther , that when measures upon which tbef are at present employed , and still _unfinishejj aro completed , they will be worth very I > tti « indeed . Negatively it has done a good dej . Ithas resolved that the people shall not w enfranchised , even to the extent of _W « Hume's motion _* Representative Reforiii i _» > as far as Parliament is concerned , a dream the distant future . Betrenchment to the extent recommended by Mr , Cobden it will no have ; and _areviiion of taxation with the vie of lightening tho burdens upon the vom and indu 8 triom classes , ai proposed _bji ; _^ _Drtjmmond , it resolutely ignores . Such _U' ™ accountfor tho past . _' , tf _' _J Among the new topics on the notice _pAP _»* forta / Kjw about when the Houses M j _Mjjy- _J we fin _« itl »« repeal of the Window mWt

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 30, 1850, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_30031850/page/4/