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    JtacH 29, 1845. • THE NORTHERN STAR. , %...

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    J-aitjjpt i&obematte

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    » Audi will wax, at least in words, (And...

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    Melascholt Death.—A lamentable accident ...

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  • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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    Jtach 29, 1845. • The Northern Star. , %...

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    J-Aitjjpt I&Obematte

    _J-aitjjpt i _& _obematte

    » Audi Will Wax, At Least In Words, (And...

    » Audi will wax , at least in words , ( _And-should my chance sohappea- _^^^' _"Wiriallwho warwim Thoughtr _TLSe hy _1 nahy wiUl » e thestronger . ' _' --BtB 0 S

    ¦ _i- _vY _TTZFRLAND-THE JESUITS-THE ft _-pmgrks last week on Swiss affairs teraunated _^ _^ _nentog of _* Extraordinary Diet , at _M _^ _E _& _idt- The first subject which en-£ ged the -attention of the assembly was the _admisfionof _thepopalw deputies from the Canton de Vand _T-Lir admission was strongly opposed by the _Conirvative Darty , and as -warml _y supported by the Liberals . " They were finally admitted by a majority of twelve and a half to nine . On thcfhstday ofthe session the Vorort communicated to the deputies the Earl of Aberdeen ' s note , on _tvhich we shall nave something to say hereafter . The discussion on the question of the Jesuits commenced on the 27 th ult . Petitions were presented ,

    signed by _12 " * uu 0 persons , for the expulsion of the Jesuits . The discussion was opened by M . _Seuiiatjs , one of the deputies from Berne , who began by ob-¦ _* ervin _** _-that it was the business and duty of the Diet to provide for the internal and external safety 01 Switzerland . Be described the Jesuits as dangerous to the State—first , because with then * system of morals , they teach a people to commit tranquilly the niost culpable acts ; secondly , because they profit hy iheir ecclesiastical character to introduce trouble and division into families ; thirdly , because the order of Jesuits inculcates lilind and passive submission , and thus lays prostrate the human mind ; fourthly , because , having neither family nor social relations , the Jesuits cannot be good citizens ; fifthly , because they

    are constantlv aiming at power , without compunction as to the means ; and sixthly , because , as regards Switzerland , the principal object of the order is thc extirpation of Protestantism . M . _Xbchacs concluded by reading his instructions from his canton , -which were to demand tho expulsion of the Jesuits from every part of Switzerland . M . Siegwart , deputy from Lucerne , followed , defending the Jesuits , and declared that his canton would not revoke the decree which had been issued in then- favour . The deputies from several Catholic cantons then spoke , defending the Jesuits , with one exception , the deputy from Soleure , who said that hewas instructed to vote for the expulsion of the Jesuits . Other deputies snoke . and the Diet adwurned to the next day .

    On the 28 th the discussion was resumed ; the principal speaker was Colonel _Lunsi , deputy for the Italian canton of Tesino . _Thespeechis animportant tne , coming from ihe _deputy of » Catholic canton , we therefore rep rint the fullest version we _^ have seen in the English papers . Colonel _Luvrsi said—The canton winch he represented was entirely Catholic , snathe Catholic religion was there the religion of the State , bat the canton had not hesitated to demand the expulsion ofthe Jesuits . The people of his canton " did not regard the Question of the Jesuits as a religious one . On ihe contrary , they felt that the Jesuits had more than ence coropromised the Catholic religion by their absurd doctrines , and had excited dangerous dissensions . This was so true , that a chief of the Catholic Church had , by a

    remarkable bull , suppressed the order , and proclaimed to ihe world that he did so entirely for the interest of religion _, lie might he told , perhaps , that if one Pope had suppressed the order , another had restored it , but it Ehould not be forgotten mat when Pins TIL did this , he was more than eighty years old , and in a debilitated state o f mind , from physical _suffering as weU as age . The question was strictly a political one . The Society of Jesus , already powerful by the means tbat it possessed , and its extensive relations , maiiag war upon liberal institutions , whether monarchical or republican , and already having a footing in several parts ef the territory of Switzerland , was desirous of covering the whole of the cantons with its occult influence . The Jesuits were fhe declared enemies of civil

    liberty , ofthe "liberty of the press , and ofthe education of tie people at large , under the surveillance of fhe civil authorities . They _sought "hy extending more a _* ad more their dangerous power , to stifle the liberty which had been _ac-joired by the regenerated cantons . They were , infect , the most powerful auxiliaries of despotism , and , iherefore , the people of Switzerland had reason to fear them , and to demand their expulsion from a country vcmbh was fhe centre of a wise progressive liberty . The Jesuits had been invited to Lucerne , andif the way were deluged with blood and covered with dead—if the cries of desolation pursued them in their course , still would they persevere , unless checked by the strong hand of power . It had been said , indeed , tbat the numbers of these bons Teres summoned to Lucerne was only seven . But the

    Diet should not forget that when Loyola founded the order , he had at first only twelve disciples . Fifty-eight years afterwards the number of Jesuits exceeded 10 , 000 , and at the end of a century 19 , 000 . They had 300 residences and COO colleges ; they had invested Europe , and had obtained a footing in fhe new world . This wat history , and it should serve as a warning . If the Jesuits were allowed to get into Lucerne , they would not stop at that point . " This speech was loudly cheered . Three other deputies spoke on the same side . They were replied to in a threatening speech by the deputy of the Valais . The sitting was then adjourned . After several davs' debate , the discussion on the Jesuits was closed by referring tiie question to a

    committee . It is , however , pretty accurately known that ten cantons and two half-cantons haTe pronounced for the expulsion of the order , not only from Lucerne , bnt from the whole of Switzerland , on the ground that _thcBIethas , by the articles of the Confederation , the right to take all the measures necessary to secure the internal and external _trangoillity of Switzerland , and that the presence of the Jesuits is incompatible with that tranquillity . Eightcantons and two halfcantons declare , on the contrary , that the Diet has no control over the Jesuits , and that the question must be determined by each canton for itself . The two remaining cantons , Geneva and St . Gall , vote that the Catholic cantons be recommended to abstain from harbourinir Jesuits , hut do not _sunnort the right

    of expelling the order by physical force . It is therefore very probable that the Radical party , who seem detennincd to carry the measureof forcible expulsion , will "have the majority in the Diet , whenever the question is finally decided . Itis not our intention to here enter npon fhe history of the Jesuits . The world ' s records tell of their ambitious designs , their unscrupulous conspiracies , and the tyranny of iheir domination . They -were long ago expelled from all Protestant countries , and even from some Catholic states . In England they arenotallowed io exist as a body _; it is therefore most infamous on the part ofthe Government and press of this country that they should in any way strive to counteract the efforts of the Swiss liberals to rid their country of what England

    deems pests , "ffhat are the views entertained of the Jesuits in Switzerland , by the enlightened of Catholics as-well as Protestants , the reader will see by the speeches given above . But the question is a complicated one . Om- hatred of priestcraft--a hatred as untiring as time , and relentless as the gravewould prompt us at once to side with the extreme Radical p arty in their demand for the expulsionforcible , if need he—of the Jesuits : but for considerations that render this a very questionable piece of policy . ,. As before stated , each of the cantons is a sovereign state ; if , therefore , a majority of thecitizens will the admission ofthe Jesuits into any one canton ,

    we do not well see how they can be coerced by the other cantons to undo what they may deem advisable to do , without endangering the general compact . It may be argued , as it is , thatthe General Diet having "lo provide for the maintenance of the safety ana tranquillity ofthe republic , and the Jesuits endangering that safety and -tnmquillity , it is competent forthe Diet to decree their proscription . In the special case Of Lucerne we should be inclined to side with this view , seeing that Lucerne is one of the three directing cantons ; the question consequently resolving itself into whether the Jesuits are to govern the ' general Gomrnmcnt ?—a most important consideration .

    It is the evil of federal governments , that whenever the interests , or the supposed interests of the federal government on the one hand clash with those of the state sovereignties on the other , the former is usually found too weak to enforce its views ; and when the dash of interests results in a crisis , the general power is defeated , or worse—the federation is dissolved . The former has been the case already in Switzerland . In Argovia the monasteries were suppressed , and the Diet passed condemnatory votes , but was not able to enforce them . And . there is too much reason to fear , thatshould the majority ofthe Diet _pxoceedto _ex--br-eniitie s in the matter of the Jesuits , that Lucerne might refuse to obey . In which case civil war , the dissolution of the federal compact , and foreign intervention , would he hut ihe too probable consequences . It is , therefore , not that we hate the Jesuits less , hut because we love the independence and freedom of Switzerland more , that we would incline to the conciliatory policy of Geneva and St GalL

    Circumstances may arise in which we think the Diet should unquestionably interfere , where , for intstance , one sect , not content with exercising its own form of faith , denies all freedom to an opposite sect . In the canton of Valais , for instance , the Catholics , by a re-action , have obtained the supremacy , and there all that is Protestant is proscribed and persecuted . Protestant woRhip , both public and private , _Kmtcrdicted ; aid , stimulated by the priests , a brutal fanaticism rei gns supreme . 3 h this instance , we tliink the Diet , as the protector ofthe liberties of all , should mterfere to save the weak from the oppression of the stromr . Tf _rtinTt' / it ic * . « v < . « _v _« . t < m . ' r _IV _^ _-a , _* .,. * . ¦ . * _.,

    evidently altogether useless , and the sooner the entire federal _oreanisation is _clianged , the better for the safety of the Republic . Bnt 88 regards the Jesuits , it appears to ns that Snblic opinion will be amore effective power than the eerees of majorities , and the press will he a safer , and , in the long run , a Surer engine of -warfare than sword or cannon to employ astainst them . Even in Lucerne a numerous party are opposed to the Jesuits ; let them do then- " best to break down the barriers of ignorance , and undermine the citadel of 8 _-aperstitioD . The process may he a slow and a pain-

    » Audi Will Wax, At Least In Words, (And...

    fulone ; bnt at any rate it will be far preferable and more profitable than the miseries and crimes of civil war , no matter who , in sueh a contest , may be the victors .

    2 _tST The above article was in tvpe when the intelligence reached London of the decision of the Diet on the question of the Jesuits , and on that of the " free corps ; " a summary of which on the first of these questions we herepresentto oHrreaders . On the 18 th inst . the Diet reassembled , to receive the report of the commission , to whom had been referred the questionsof " the expulsion of the Jesuits , " the " amnesty , " and the "free corps . " The eommissioners had disagreed respecting the competency ofthe Diet to decree the expulsion of the Jesuits . The majority , consisting of Messrs . Neehaub , Munzi-sgeb , Kiea , and DmjET , maintained Lthai competency , and cited in support of their opinion the first and eighth articles of the federal compact . Messrs .

    Feet and Mouxsox construed those articles in a different manner ; and M . "Nosff , who admitted the right vested in the Diet by the constitution , thought that under existing circumstances there appeared no sufficient grounds to justify the expulsion of that reli gious order from all the cantons in which it was settied ; and that as regarded Lucerne , it was incumbent on the Assembly to endeavour to prevent the admission of the Jesuits hy amicable means . The solution of the two other questions gave rise to no difference of opinion . M . Druey , however , could not be prevailed upon by his colleagues to regard the "free corps" as being incompatible with the spirit and letter of the federal constitution . The majority ofthe committee submitted the following propositions to the Diet :

    " Whereas the Federal Diet possesses , in virtue of the 1 st and 8 th articles ofthe Constitution , the right of adopting , in the question of the Jesuits , such measures as it may deem necessary for the internal security of Switzerland , decrees—Article 1 . The State of Lucerne is forbidden , in the name ofthe Confederation , to admit the order of Jesuits . Consequently , the Grand Council of that state is enjoined to revofce its decree of the 24 th of October , 1844 , inviting _**&& Jesuits to Lucerne .

    The Diet , moreover , recommends in a pressing manner to the High State of Lucerne to grant a general amnesty or pardon for all political offences connected with the events of December , 1844 . The present decree of the Diet shaU he communicated to the Grand Council of Lucerne by three representatives of the Supreme Diet , who shall act in person . The decisions ofthe Grand Council ofthe High State of Lucerne on the subject shall he _communitatwLtO the"Voio _* rt , and * be transmitted to the present Extraordinary Diet within the delay of one month from the date ofthe enactment of the present decree .

    Art , 2 , Should the High State of Lucerne not comply with the injunctions contained in this decree ( Art . 1 ) , the Diet reserves to itself to adopt ulterior measures . Art . 3 . The States of Schwyz , Friburg , and Valais , are invited by their confederates , in a pressing manner , to expel the Jesuits from their respective territories , and to communicate their determination on the subject to the Vorort , which will forward them in time to the Confederated States , to enable them , in case of need , to give ulterior instructions to their representatives in fhe next ordinary Diet . The Federal Directory shall communicate to those states the resolutions of fheDiet in this matter . Art . 4 . The admission of the Order of Jesuits into the Swiss cantons is hereafter prohibited , in the name ofthe Confederation .

    Art . 5 . Should none of the propositions respecting the Jesuits be approved by a majority ofthe Diet , the Assembly -mil adjourn to iloBday , fhe 24 th instant ; and the Confederated states are invited in the meantime to furnish their representatives with fresh instructions relative to the affair . " The debates which followed , and occupied nine consecutive hours , served to evince still more the deep schism existing between the two parties into which the Diet is divided . The deputies of the cantons friendly to the Jesuits openly declared that they would resist any summons or invitation ofthe Diet to remove them from their territories . The deputies of the Liberal , on the other hand , directed the attention

    of the assembly to the imminence of the popular crisis , which menaced the Confederation , should the Diet separate withoutdoing anything . The cantons which declared against entertaining the Jesuit question were : —Uri , Schweitz , Unterwald , _2 ug , Lucerne , Friburg , Interior Appenzell , Valais , and Neufchatel ( eight and a half states ) . Those of a contrary opinion were : —Berne , Soleure , Schaffhausen , St . Gall , Argau _, Ticino , Vaud , Thurgovia , Grisons , Exterior Appenzell , Basle country , Glaris , and Zurich ( eleven and two half-states ) . Gevena abstained from voting . The same eleven and two half-states decided that ihe question of the Jesuits should be declared federal ; and the same eight and a half cantons voted

    against it . The original proposition of the majority of the committee , declaring the total expulsion of the Jesuits , was adopted by ten and two half-states , namely , Berne , Soleure , Ticino , Schaffhausen , Argau , Vaud , Thurgovia , Grisons , Glaris , Zurich , Exterior Appenzell , and Basle country . is * The propositions ofthe minority of the committee to the effect of inviting Lucerne to revoke its decree concerning the Jesuits , were only approved by St . GalL Geneva , and Basle city _. The other project prepared by the committee , in the event of the rejection of the measures recommended by the majority and the minority , experienced the same fate . It merely proposed , it is true , to address a friendly invitation to Lucerne not to receive the Jesuits , and to grant an amnesty to all the persons implicated in the events of December last . Six

    and a half states only voted for their adoption : — Soleure , Schaffhausen , Ticino , Thurgovia , Grisons , Glari , and External Appenzell . Thus , it had been impossible to obtain twelve votes - r equired to-make valid a decision . Si . Gall evinced a disposition io join the ten and two half-states favourable to the expulsion , but the deputy for Geneva obstinately refused to concur in the measure Thus it will be seen that the committee has been unable to obtain the requisite absolute majority for any of its propositions—the great cause of the agitation , therefore , remains insoluble , and will be found , we fear , productive of yet worse results than any which have yet been seen . The Diet adjourned en the 20 th » having previousl y voted the suppression ofthe "free corps , " and in favour of a " general amnesty . "

    In our next we shall offer some comment on those measures , and en the infamous interference of the "Holy Alliance . " _Erbatcji . —Owing to the accidental omission of a word in the closing sentence of the fifth paragraph of our last week's article , the sense ofthe sentence was completely mystified : the last three lines should have been as follows : —" And demanded the interference of the general Diet to expel the Jesuits ; failing in which , they vowed to expel the hated order themselves by force . The word " order" was omitted .

    Melascholt Death.—A Lamentable Accident ...

    _Melascholt Death . —A lamentable accident occurred yesterday at Beliingham , in this county , which has resulted in the -untimely death ol" Mr . Thomas Richard Batson , one ofher Majesty ' s justices of the peace , and an alderman of this borough . It appears that Mr . Batson had attended divine service yesterday morning at Beliingham Church , and was returning to his residence at Reedsmouth with Mrs . Batson , in a single horse phaeton . In ascending the steep hill towards Reedsmouth , the horse backed , and the carriage was thrown over . The declivity being so great , the vehicle continued to roll over and over till it reached the bottom . Mr . Batson was fonnd underneath the carriage , having sustained such serious injury thathe _died-cdmostimmediately * Mrs . Batson was also partially under the carriage , but miraculously escaped almost unhurt . At the period ol his death he was managing partner of the extensive iron works at Beliingham . He has left a widow and five children .. —Newcastle Journal .

    Deatos by Fire . —An inquest was held on Tuesday , before Mr . Mills , the deputy coroner for Middlesex , at the Yorkshire Stingo , Jfew-road , on the body of a little boy , named Thomas _Canrey . It appeared that on Monday week last the child was left at home by his mother , who had gone out charing , under the care of his brother , a boy about eleven years of age . Findingthat the fire was getting low , and there being no coals in the house with which to replenish it , the little'fellow , _whojgave his evidence in a very intelligent manner , left his brother to go to his mother , in in order io obtain money for some fuel . Previously , however , he placed two or three sticks in the grate , and one of them falling out , ignited the clothes of the poor child , who was sitting on a log of wood with his

    back to the nr-e-plaee . A woman , who occupies apartments in the upper part of the same house , hearing his screams , ran down and found him at the foot of the stairs with his hair and clothes blazing . The flames were extinguished by the assistance of another lodger , and thc little sufferer was taken to the Dispensary . Medical aid , however , was of no avail , and death put an end to his sufferings on the following Friday . The verdict was , of course , Accidental death . — -Another inquest was held before the Deputy-Coroner , fltthe Portland Arms , High-street , Portland-town , on the body of a man named Thomas Davies , aged 75 , _ttho died on Thursday last The widow of the poor man , who was in deep affliction , stated , that she left her husband in the room which

    they occupied , at No . 24 , Lower William-street , on the Saturday preceding his death . Knowing that he was subject to fits , she did not close the door , in order that the people in the house might hear him if taken ill . On her return , about four hours afterwards , she found him standing in the middle ofthe room enveloped in smoke , and attempting io tear from off him his clothes , which were burning . He was completely stunified ; and on her endeavouring to assist him , said , ""What are you about ? there is nothing the matter with me ! " The jury returned a verdict to the effect , that the deceased died from exhaustion , produced by burning while in a fit . —Mr . Pearson stated , that a _suhscnptioii had heen set on foot on behalf of the poor widow , to which the deputy-coroner and several of the jury contributed .

    Melascholt Death.—A Lamentable Accident ...

    NATIONAL CONFERENCE OP TRADES . In accordance with previous announcement , the above delegation assembled in the Great Hall of the Parthenium Club-house , St . Martin ' s-lane , on Easter Monday , at two o ' clock in the afternoon . Notwith standing the holiday attractions , the space allotted to visitors was crowded with anxious spectators , who manifested deep interest in the opening and of the proceedings of "Labour's Paimjament . Precisely at two o ' clock , Thomas Slingsby Duncombe , Esq ., M . P ., entered the Hall , and was greeted with loud

    cheering . On the motion of Mr , T . Barrett , the Honourable Member for Finsbury was unanimously , and amid the acclamations '* of the whole assembly , called tothe chair . 0 _^ taking his seat , the Hon . Gentleman said it had been suggested to him , that it would be better if he committed what he had to say on that occasion to writing , as such course would prevent prejudice either to himself or the Delegates , from unfounded statements . Therefore , with their permission , he would read what he had prepared to them . The Chairman then read the following address , the reading of which was frequently interrupted by marked applause : —

    Gentlemen , —In assuming the office which your confidence rather than my own will or fitness has imposed on me , I feel some difficulty—a difficulty not arising out of any misgiving as to your ability to devise , and power to execute any plan that the majority of this highly important assembly shall deliberately agree upon , —but the difficulty of deciding upon the most proper and apt machinery for the purpose of giving effect to your judgment . Gentlemen , —I learn that you have wisely decided upon excluding all political topics from vour consideration : but I feel convinced that should the day arrive when the English mind shall see that " a fair day ' s wage for a fair day ' s work" can onl y be achieved through the fair

    representation in Parliament of those seeking their Just rights , that then my countrymen will , ivith their characteristic boldness , demand such a change ' in the system as shall ensure to them not only the possession , but tho protection of the fruits of their industry . It is wise , however , that you should first test the willingness of those who have the power not only to remedy your grievances , but to render any great political change valueless in your eyes , Itis better to persuade men than to coerce them : and should your first move be in a political direction , I fear that the varied elements of which this national assembly must naturally consist , would have presented an appearance of internal contention and strife , rather than of organization and union . * two ingredients indispensable to the success of your project .

    Gentlemen , —Although I am We rather to learn than to instruct , yet , I hope I may , without presumption , be permitted to suggest such a course as I conceive best calculated to insure success . You may , and most probably will , evince great wisdom and astuteness in the several discussions bearing relatively or positively upon your several positions , while the manifold . interests which are represented on this occasion may lead some to suppose that there is difficulty in combining those interests in any one common plan . Such , however , is not my opinion ; for while there may appear no connexion between a Cotton Spinner and a Shoemaker , nevertheless we must come to the conclusion that that -machinery cannot be perfect wliich does sot equally represent , and equally protect , the interests of both . This , t hen , is the important ' point to

    which I would respectfully direct your attention—the _eetabUshii-. gofsuc ' h an _adriglngand controllinghody as shall give effect to , and fully carry out , whatever plan the majority of this assembly shall decide upon , _Tfou wm have done but little if you meet , and separate after having merely proclaimed your wrongs and suggested your remedies . You must do more . Having the power , you must boldly proclaim your determination to redress yourselves ; and humble as I am , I shall have sufficient conndence in your importance and integrity , when backed by your concurrence , to declare in my place in Parliament , thatthe hour has at length arrived when Englishmen "know their rights , and are determined to possess them . " In the debate upon tbe "Ten Hours' Bill" during the last session of Parliament , when the House of Commons

    stultified itself by preferring Vie ascendancy of a Minister to the interests , and even the well-being of the working classes , my mind was for the first time directed to the practical operation of the principle ef " restriction : " and to that question I would now draw your most serious attention . You will naturally consider whether or no , any , or all , of Ihe measures submitted by Parliament to the country are calculated to cause an equitable disteibdtion ofthe profits of trade between capitalists and labourers , and if they are not calculated to do so , you will then , I hope , enter onthe consideration of some welldigested plan to effect an object of the most vital _importance—one upon which I do not hesitate to say the existence of the middle classes and of the landed aristocracy depends : and for this reason . If our mechanical powers

    of production go on increasing according to well-founded anticipations , one of two results must necessarily followeither new markets must be discovered for consumers , or the " surplus " of idlers mustprogressingly increase . As , then , the discovery of new customers is at best but problem atical , we must look on an increasing " surplus" as the more rational result from improved machinery ; and how to deal with that" surplus" is the question of paramount importance to those who areas yet only allowed to labour and barely to live . Whether this , " surplus" should be maintained by those employed to avert competition , or by the Government—fhatis , by the country—according to the rules of justice , is the grand question . I hold that those at work cannot , and ought , not to be called on to apply any portion of their earnings to the support of a

    " surplus" created by the operation of a new system , over wliich they have no controul ; and I further hold , thatthe Government has no right to tax one portion Of tbe community for the maintenance of another portion , tendered dependent , while willing to labour . Tho 6 e who have read the accounts stated by me in the House of Commons , relative to the effect produced by practising the principle of " _ratrictixin" at _SheSM-J , must come to the conclusion , that SHORT HOURS or labodb do not lead to a reduction of wages , although it may tend to reduce the inordinate profits of capitalist ? , accumulated rather from their power over the labour market , th . in from the just sources of trade or speculation . In fact , calculations of profit and lots are now based on the abUUy of the powerful to reduce the wages of the powerless , rather than upon the ordinary rules

    by which we are told commerce should he regulated . The reasons , however , why your employers have been enabled to hold your labour in complete subjection are so well k-aown to all who have taken part in strikes , whether just or unjust , or speculative , that I should abstain from any comment upon that part of the subject , was it not necessary for the direction of your minds to the adoption of such measure as would enable you in future to judge justly of the justice of a strike—and , secondly , of your efficiency to carry it out . In all _caBes where strikes have taken place , they have been for the most part entered on rashly , though perhaps justly ; and the justice of your caschas beenlostin _therashnsss of yourmea « ures . However righteous your claims may appear at first , it has too often happened that your own rashness has enabled your masters to enlist tbe power of the law to ensure their own triumph ; and henceyou have heen compelled to fight against the two-edged sword of capital and legal

    _persecution . "Whenever a strike takes place , the local authorities , who are for the most part employees themselves ,, have been able to warp some enthusiastic and justly indignant minds from their original purpose , to the adoption of what is easily tortured into " constructive conspiracy" or " sedition ; " and thus your imperfect machinery has been unable to compete against the more perfect machinery of your opponents . Through the legal acumen , perseverance , and steady watchfulness ofthe Miners' law adviser , Mr . Roberts , that large body of men were enabled to continue what I will call the most justifiable and extensive _siKiKEupon record , for a period of many months , notwithstanding that the vengeance and the power of their employers were directed against them ; and the power of the law was at their command , if the conduct of the men had warranted its interference . This strike failed , not because it was capriciously entered on , but because _theee WAS WANTING A PBOPEB PLAN OF NATIONAL _ORGANISATION to _eisbuee its _suecESs . Thi ** . 1 _-aaderstand to be a

    national body ; and I must therefore presume that one of your main objects wUl be the establishment of some permanent machinery for the regulation of Trades' matters and Trades * strikes . It willbeyour care that that machinery lie legallyconslihded , with power vested in its members to hear all matters connected ivith Trades' business : and on the understanding , that in all cases where the rights of any one trade are threatened or invaded , that that trade , —if a strike should be sanctioned by the governing body , —shall be sustained , upheld , and supported during the struggle , however long it shall continue : the terms to be submitted to and agreed upon by a majority of the governing body . I think that such a plan would divest a strike Of that loeal and personal feeling which is in general attributed to the prime movers , and would give

    protection to those who , if struggling alone , must necegsaril y be subject to all the disadvantage's which unprotected poverty experiences in its struggles with protected wealth . Of course , in the formation of such a body you must take local machinery into your consideration : that is ; suppose a strike should take place in Sheffield , or in Manchester , sanctioned by the rilling body ; in such case you could put yourselves in communication with the local delegates of that trade appointed by their body , who might become _honorai-y members , for the time , of the general body ; and , if necessary , you could appoint one or more , as commissioners , from your permanent Executive , to repair to the spot where the strike takes place , there to _inBtracUhemscVupon , and to inform you of , all matters connected with the Movement ; and , in such cases , itis my opinion that

    any excitement necessary to sustain the strike should be transferred from the place where it occurs to the metro _, polis , where , of course , the governing body will hold its permanent sittings . By these means _Bteikes , when just , would be of short duration , because the united power of the Hational Trades of Great Britain , when properly and justly directed , as I feel assured they would be , would prove anever-match for the power of the local master * , or even of all the masters of the _"Jjangdom , should a counter orginisation be attempted , By systematic organisation of this kind the political minority in each country has been enabled to hold the ascendancy over the disunited and disorganised majority , YOU will perceive that'I have thought it necessary to dwell more at length upon tbe description of machinery by which your plans are to he carried out , _thanuponthe means you shall adopt for the adjustment of the several difficulties that

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    exist between you and your employers , or that 7 nny hereafter occur . Gentlemen , — -You will also observe that I have not only abstained from comment upon all matters on which you must necessaril y be better instructed than myself , but that I have also abstained from noticing any political question with which , from my position , I might he sup . posod to be more conversant than you can be . I have thought this the _vrisest and best course for the achievement of our common object , which I understand to be " a fair day ' s wage for a fair day ' s work , "

    Gentlemen , —Whatever view the curious , the idle , or the timid , may take of this great Movement , I assure you it gives rise to very serious considerations iu my mind . If this be in truth , as I believe and hope it is , a fair represcntation of that growing spirit of Englishmen of which we hear 80 much , and to curb which requires so much artifice and cunning , Us mature deliberations must go to the world with an irrestible effect . You have looked with anxious hope to each political party , and to every political party , for that amelioration iu your condition which you have at length wisely decided ean only be effected by your own united energies .

    Gentlemen , —Those who shall scan and criticise what maybe decided upon by this representation of the industrious English people , should recognise in your intentions the practical carrying out of their own theories . They , one and all , admit the vast increase that has taken place in the national wealth ; while they are compelled also to admit your legitimate title to a share of it : but by some inexplicable deficiency , in what may be called the division of legislation , all have failed to put you in possession of your admitted rights . If then , as no man can deny that the genius and industry of our people have given rise to

    a vast accumulation of national wealth , and if the principle of professing philanthropists be true , that you are _pre-urainenfly entitled to your share ef this wealth , 1 can characterise this assembly no otherwise than as the newborn genius of England , righteously , peaceably , boldly , and _fconestlji looking for its share of the property tftat itself creates , —while your willingness to submit your social claims to be arbitrated upon by others , must convince even your traducers that your demands are so just that you are indifferent as to the character of the tribunal to whose judgment they shall be submitted .

    Gentlemen , —If you see prudence , safety , and success in the course that I have pointed out , as I never recommend what I am not prepared to attempt , and believing your cause to he just , your motives to be honourable , and your objects desirable , I shall hold myself in increased estimation if I can be instrumental , either within or without the wall 6 of Parliament , in advancing your interests . Gentlemen , —However the self-satisfied , or the expectant , may ridicule this , your peaceful endeavour to achieve your rights , Ifeclfully impressed ivith theimportance ofthe

    WOrhingman'Spower _. andflfifullyresolvcd upon persevering With you , until we test the value of English union , English organisation , English justice , and Englishmen ' s bravery . Gentlemen , —Our councils must be so pure that we may defy the espionage of the Home Secretary , as well as the legal cash ofthe Attorney-General . "What my judgment prompts me to advise , my heart will encourage me to support ; while the justice of our cause , and the strength by which it is backed , will preclude the necessity of other than perfectly peaceful , mild , aud constitutional means for its achievement .

    Uentlemen , —If out of this first important experiment , in thc right direction , should arise an annual representation of the industrious people of England , and you deem it necessary to manifest the outward and visible signs of your greatness and power , as your several opponents have done hy the erection of Club-houses as places of resort , and as a means of multiplying and concentrating your resources , I shall be most happy to assist in any way that can tend to the furtherance of that or any other object , promotive of thc national cause . Gentlemen , — Feeling pride as an Englishman , and honour as a man , in the situation to which your confidence has this day colled me , and rejoicing exceedingly that my humble exertions in your behalf should entitle me to your esteem , I _shnll now conelude tho remarks which I have doomed it my duty to offer , and shall open what I proudly call " LABOUB ' S " _PAaLlAJIENTj' _-by inviting those delegates who have anything to urge to proceed to business , trusting that your deliberations may prove beneficial to yourselves and satisfactory to the country .

    Mr . Duncombe resumed his seat amidst the loud applause of the "whole house . " Mr . T . Barratt _j secretary to the Preliminary Committee for convening the Conference , then delivered in the report of that Committee . It was as follows : — Report of the London Committee of Trades'Delegates to the General Conference : — The Committee having read over and maturely reflected on the suggestions contained in the letters of T . S . Duucombe , Esq ., and Mr . Drury , relative to a better organization of the various trades in the United

    Kingdom ; and being deeply impressed with the conviction that such an organisation is essentially and immediately necessary , in order tbat the working classes generally maybe placed in a position to resist effectually any oppression sought to be inflicted on them either by the legislature or the capitalists , deemed it advisable to take Eteps to give the trades of England an opportunity to carry such suggestions into effect . While the Committee are desirous that this organisation should be formed , to vindicate the rights of Labour , and which organisation should be adopted also to oppoee and defeat any legislative enactment to coerce Trade Societies , of a similar character to that of the monstrous "Masters aud Servants

    Bill" of last session , they » Te deeply impressed with the importance of , and benefit arising from , a good understanding between the employer and the employed , seeing that their interests are to some extent mutual ; and that neither can - injure the other , without the wrong perpetrated recoiling upon the party who inflicts it : they , therefore , would suggest that it should be one of the principal objects of the Conference to cultivate a good understanding with the employers , and thereby remove those prejudices which exist against

    Trade combinations , by showing , on all occasions , that the employed only seek by combination to place themselves on equal terms , as disposers of their labour , with those who purchase it : to secure themselves from injury , but by no means inflict it upon others . Although the Committee ave anxious tbat this desirable and important organisation should be carried out to the fullest possible extent , they feel that great caution must be observed in the formation of its laws and regulations , in order that the evils which existed and eventually destroyed the consolidated union of 1833 shall be carefully avoided .

    The Committee conceive it necessary to call the attention of those trades who are comparatively disunited , and whose members are consequently working for different rates of wages , to the great necessity that exists , that those who are receiving the highest wages should use every effort in their power to secure to their fellow-work men a fair remuneration for their labour ; and that every inducement should be held out . by the several Trade Societies to their separated brethren to join them , in order that they may be the better enabled to make com . mon cause in cases of aggression , which would be the certain result if each trade were to form itself into one well-regulated society for their mutual protection .

    The Committee would invite the press to give publicity to their proceedings , knowing that the more public those proceedings are made the more prejudice will be removed ; and they beg to impress ou the Trades tbe necessity and advantage of giving tlieir support to such portions of the public press as give the truest and the most impartial representations of their views and proceedings : for it is certain that whenever the working classes support those portions of the press , and only those , which do them justice , they will never want an organ to advocate their interests and remove the prejudice of the misinformed .

    Finally , the Committee would earnestly recommend to the Conference—in order that these important points may be duly considered and dispassionately argued—that 7 io proposition of ft political nature , beyond what has been already alluded to , should be introduced or occupy its attention ; convinced as they are , that the only way to carry out these desirable objects satisfactorily , and with a due consideration to thebest interest of all those who are concerned , is to consider and dispose of one question at a time ; and , moreover , to keep Trade matters and politics as separate avid _distinct as circumstances will justify .

    Mr . James , Boot and Shoe-maker , moved the adoption of the report . Mr . Firth , Plasterer , seconded the motion , which was earned unanimously . Mr . "Wilson , a member of the Preliminary Committee , said that the Committee had now only to suggest that the Conference proceed to the election of its officers , thc appointment of a committee to receive the addresses , reports , and any p lans that delegates might wish to have brought before the Conference : and anxious that every measure should emanate direct from the Conference , and happy in having been the humble instrnments in calling such a numerous assemblage of delegates together , and trusting that the labours of Conference would be crowned with that success the justice of their causo so well merited , the Committee begged to resign its functions into the hands of Conference . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . James , Shoemaker ,

    proposed"That Mr . Thomas Barratt , _Cork-cutter , Secretary to the _iondon Trades , he the Secretary to this Conference . " This motion was seconded by Mr . Berry , Miner , and carried unanimously , Mr . Rattray , Block Printer , moved"That 1000 copies ofthe Chairman ' s Address be printed for circulation amongst our constituents ;" which was seconded , and carried unanimously . _Consiiderable discussion then ensued as to the best mode of proceeding , in which Messrs . Robson , Mirfield G . A . Fleming , Rattray , and other delegates took part . At length Mr . _Robertaon , Bookbinder ,

    moved" That a Committee be appointed to consider the several suggestions contained in the Chairman ' s address , as to now for tbey can be carried out ; and that such Committee also , receive and report on any plans or suggestions that may be offered . to them ; such . Committee to meet at ten o ' clock on Tuesday morning . " Themotion was [ seconded'by Mr . Diamine , Boohbinder , and carried wmnimonsly _. . Messrs . , Lloyd Jones and G . A . Fleming suggested thepTOprietiy oi _^ having . the names of the delegates , vath . the msoim -of their constituents , the trade or trades they _^ presented , and the locality from which each delegate came , detailed , previous to the election of the Committee , that they might be

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    made somewhat acquainted with eaeh other . Thc suggestion was ably supported by Mr . Rattray , and being * adopted by general consent , the chairman took the list and commenced with

    _LONDON BOOT AND 8 H 0 £ HA !" . ER 8 , Mr . James , represented the City Men ' s Men , to tbe number of 600 . His instructions were to take measures to resist aggression , to abstain from politics , and to cordially co-operate in establishing a better system of organisation . Mr . Wm . Smith represented the West-End Men ' s Men , to the amount of 700 . Had no particular Instructions . Mr . Itohson represented the City ladies' Shoemakers . They were 200 in number . His body did not give him any particular instructions . However , they were aware that he had a " crotchet" of his own , whieh he intended to submit , but he would like to hear others first , Mr . Smith represented the Shoemakers of the Borough , and Clapham . United they numbered _fifty-nine , They did not g ive him any particular instructions . Mr . L . King represented the Tower Hamlets Shoemakers .

    Messrs . Charles and "Dockeray represented the Stepney Shoemakers . Mr . Perry represented the Shoemakers of Hyde-street , t o the number of fifty . Had no particular instructions . Mr . John Skelton , in conjunction with his friend Mr . Christopher , represented the West-end ladies' Shoemakers to tho number of 400 . His body was opposed to strikes—iu favour of restricting the hours of labour —also of withdrawing the " surplus of labour" from the market , and employing the same beneficially for tlieir own advantage . ( Cheers . )

    TBE LONDON BOOKBINDERS , Numbering GOO , were represented by Messrs . Robertson and Dunning . They hail instructions to steer clear of polities , and to support a better and a general organisation . TBE BMCKLATEBS . Messrs . Lockett and Fox especially represented the Bricklayers of London , but generally of the whole kingdom . Their number in London was 450 . They had no particular project to submit .

    _CABPENTEES AND _JOIKEBS , Mr . Jonas Wartnaby represented the King ' s Arms Society of Carpenters . They numbered 120—had received no particular instructions . Mr . Evans represented the second section of the same society , also numbering 120 members . Like liis friend Wartnaby , he had no particular instructions . Mr . Lambert represented the Bun Horse Society in the Borough . They numbered 12 , "Keep clear of politics " was the only instruction he received . Mr . J . Bush represented the General Union of Carpenters of Great Britain and Ireland , to which he had the honour to be secretory . Their Union was divided into sections , The particular section to wliich he belonged numbered 150 . His instructions were to do all in his power to support a general organisation , and resist aggression , whether it sprung from the Government or the Capatalists .

    Mr . White represented the Society at the Sun , London Wall , to the extent of fifty members . Mr . Barry represented tbe Artillery Arms Society of Carpenters . They numbered 150 . They gave their delegate no particular instructions . Messrs . Caugblin and Bicknell represented the Teetotal Society of Carpenters ( Great SmTolk-street , Borough ) . Their body was small at present—only numbering forty-four . The only instruction they received waB to co-operate strenuously in any measure for the good of all . Mr . Cave represented the Barley Mow Society , numbering 150 members . He had no special instructions . Messrs , Qintiett and Bovell represented the King ' s Arms , _Ebury-street , Pimlico Society , which numbered 120 . Their instructions were of a general nature . Mr . Toop represented the second Society of Carpenters at the Lord Nelson , numbering 3 S 0 . Instructions general .

    CARVERS AND GILDERS . Mr . Williams represented tho Green Man Society , Berwick-street . They were favourable to a General Union . They numbered fifty . Mr . Paragon represented the Three Tuns Society . Their number was thirty-one : and they were likewise favourable to a General Union , THE XNG 1 NEEBS were represented by Mr . Bead . A second Society of Engineers waa represented by Mr , Booth . Each of the above numbered 120 members . The Greenwich Branch of Engineers was represented by Mv . Edward "Wilder , and tbe Steam-engine-makers by Mr . Fairbrother . The aggregate number of the above bodies is 1 , 000 .

    THE MASONS , _PAVIOUBS' ASMS , were represented by Mr . Wood and Mr . R . Christopher . Their number in London is 200 . Altogether , throughout the country , they wero some 3 , 000 or 4 , 000 . They were favourable to a General Union .

    THE SILK HATTEBS were represented by Mr . Cox . Their numbers were 180 . Messrs . Arch and Jones sat for the Protective Society of Silk Hatters , numbering 176 . They had general instructions . SAWTEB 8 . Mr . Hill appeared as the representative of the Sawyers of Surrey . MOIIOCCO LEATHER _IISISHEBS . Mr . Gardener appeared as the representative of 15 G members of the above trade . The instructions were to co-operate in upholding the rights of Labour , WOOJiSTAPLEBS OF ENGLAND . Messrs . John Cornish and Stephen Langrid ge represented the Woolstaplers south of the Trent . The Parent Society in London consisted of 500 members . They were there to resist aggression , and to assist in obtaining the greatest amount of good to tho greatest number .

    THE TIN-PLATE WORKEES were represented by Mr . AUen . They numbered 300 . He was instructed to resist aggression . TA 1 LOBB OF _lONDON . Messrs . Moody and Prior attended as their representatives . Their enrolled members were 1 , 600 . Their instructions were to resist the " onward march" of the "Slop-shop" capitalists . That business , as at present carried on , was very injurious to health . Their Society had paid £ 998 in sick money alone in one year . THE NATIONAL _TVPOGRAPfllCAl SOCIETY was represented hy Messrs . Thompson and Ed-wards . They represented the ' whole of that fraternity in England ; and had within the last few days gained a glorious victory over the combined capitalists . ( Loud cheers . ) They were favourable to a General Union .

    -PLASTERERS . Mr . Firth appeared as the representative of this body ; and had no particular instructions . The body in London alone numbered 200 . THE CORK-CUTTERS were represented by Mr . T . Barratt . Their society extended throughout the United Kingdom , and was well organised . MANCHESTER , TRADBS' PLUMBERS . Mr . James Taylor appeared as their delegate , especially ; and generally for the Building Trades of that town . Their numbers were 1 , 133 in that district . They thought" short time " beneficial .

    PLASTERERS , Mr . Riley was their representative . His instructions were general . BLOCK PRINTERS . Mr . Wayne had come as the representative of the Calico Printers of Lancashire and Yorkshire . They numbered 7 , 000 . THE HYDRAULIC PRESSERS , numbering 280 , were represented by Mr . Hackney , Whose instructions werc general ,

    THE JOINERS werc represented by Mr . James Wilson , Tlieir number was 400 . TnE FOSTIAN COTTEhS , numbering 2 , 000 , were represented by Mr . Lloyd Jones . They wished an abridgment of the hours of labour , more especially as regarded women and children , and aeon _, solidation of Trades to resist aggression , come from whence it might , BAKERS . Mr . Hulme represented 150 of them . They wished for the abolition of night work , by which they were kept away from their families and wives , whilst other men were at home enjoying them . ( Roars of laughter . )

    BOILER MAKERS ( the numbers in union 1 , 000 , and in the trade 3 , 000 ) were represented by Mr , Macnamara , He had no partiticular instructions . TUE _aAKBaS-UP numbered 300 , and were represented by Mr . "Wilson , whose instructions were general . THE SUEPFIELD TRADE 8 were represented by Messrs . John Drury , Wm . Hawksford , James Stone , Robert Booth , — Blackhurst , — Sykes , and John Taylor . They represented altogether some G or 7 , 000 "hands . " They were in favour of a restriction of the hours of labour , which had been found most beneficial in Sheffield . ( Hear , hear . ) They were also for a General Union for resistance to aggression . BURY BUILDERS . Mr . Eastwood "appeared as the representative ot tlic Building and Iron Trades ofthe Bury district , numbering 800 . His instructions were general .

    THE BLOCK PRINTERS . Mr . E . Rattray was the representative , not only of the Block Printers of Orayford , in Xent , but of the southern district of "England : their numbers were 7 , 000 . His instructions were to do everything he could to forward a General Union . Their opinion , was , that benefits must ultimately come from the legislature , and they wished statistical evidence to he sent forth ; for , notwithstanding the "song of _U-iumph" about » national prosperity /' great delusion esisted relative to the condition of the worKers . He regretted to say great distress still prevailed . Messrs . John Dale and Peacock appeared _astoe * W * _- sentatives ofthe Calico Block Printers _^ _- _^^ _Q Their instructions were general . Their body _numhered

    _Srr _' _attdsS ; , m Kent , _^ numbered _lOoSu _& hed for a system by which those in employ IS _support those out ' of employ , and thus prevent the _banefvu effects of competition ,

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    THE SHOEMAKERS OF NORTHAM 1 ' .. .. , to the amount of 200 , were represented by Mr . Jamtt Horton . He had ne particular instructions . THE BOOT AND SIIOEMAKEBS AND OTM * TRADES Of _HUDDEBSFKED * ¦ ¦ ' ¦" ' _" were represented by Mr . William Spur . They were In favour of a general organisation , . ind would like to hart a permanent Watch Committee , or Executive , and at tha , same time each trade to manage its own local affair * . THE _BRADFORD BN 1 TED IRON TRADES ' were represented by Mr . R . Sedsowiek . They number * 1 , 000 . THE MASONS OF _BBADIOM _) were in favour of shortening the hours of labour , and of taking land 6 n which to employ the " surplus _JalWHr , * ( Cheers . ) The Masons numbered 135 .

    THE WOOLCOMBERS OF BRADFORD , , ,- __ _, numbering about 3 , 000 , were represented by Mi * . Mullin » _i His instructions were the same as the Masons . THE iron Moulders of todmorden were represented by Mr . , They numbered fiftyeight , and gave no particular instructions . THR UNITED TRAPES OF NORWICH were represented by Mr . Walker . Their number was 550 . His instructions were general , HASLET POTTERIES . Mr . Wm . Evans represented 2 , 000 men . He was sent the r e especiall y to advocate the land as a means to beneficially employ the surplus labourers . Their Society had £ 1 , 000 in hand already for the purchase of land . They thought the Government might make a beneficial use of the land in their possession , by employing the now surplus labour in the market on it , ( Cheers . ) Hit constituents were opposed to strikes _.

    THE MINERS OF LANCASHIRE were represented by Messrs . Berry , Pasquil , and _——••» They were the representatives of 10 , 000 men , and were in favour of restricting the hours of labour , and of a General Union for the mutual protection of all . THE LINEN TRADE OF BABNSLET , to the amount of 3 , 000 , was represented by Mr . Frank ; Mirfield . They were in favour of a general organisation . He had received no instructions as regards politics , " No politics" had found the Linen Trade out , and if other trades did not find out politics , depend on it , _thdy _wovdfind them out too . ( Hear , hear . ) UNITED TRADES OF BULL Mr . William Webster had been elected at a meeting of 0 , 000 persons in tbe town of Hull . They were in favour of restricting the hours of labour , and of establishing a fund for the employment of the unemployed labour in the market .

    COTTON SPINNERS OF BOMON . Mr . Br indle appeared as the representative of 5 , 000 Cotton Spinners in Bolton , and the counties of Chester and Lancashire . They were in favour of restricting tho hours of labour ; of General Union ; and of resisting all aggressions on their just rights .

    TEE HATTERI , Mr . G . A . Fleming represented the United Joint Stock Company of Journeymen Hatters , of Denton , Cheshire . Their number was 150 , they had a working capital of £ 700 , by which they supported some sixty or seventy persons , and paid a good dividend on the capital . They wished to see the same principle generally adopted by the Trades , and the surplus hands thus obtain em . ployment . TBE SPITALFIELDS WEAVERS were represented hy J . S . _Shovrai-d . They numberea 1 , 000 , and were in favour of a Local Board of Trade . THE HAND-LOOK WEAVERS of Leigh , _Middleton , aud Wigan , to the number of 900 , were represented by Mr . Lowe . They were in favour of Local Boards of Trade , constituted equally of masters and men .

    THE Q UEEN ' S BEAD SOCIETT OF CABPENTER 8 were represented by Mr . Hore . They numbered 80 . He had no particular instructions . THE HANSFIEM _) FRAMEWORK-KKITTERs were represented by Mr . nelkin . They numbered 2 , 000 , and were in favour of GeneralUnion and a restriction of the hours of labour . THE NOTTINGHAM _VRAMEWORK-KNITTEHS were represented by Mr . B . Humphries . Their number was 2 , 000 . They were in favour of a restriction of the hours of labour and a better system of organisation _.

    THE WOOMOMBEttg OP _BRADfOS . * _-. , roBKSHiRE , were represented by Mr . G . White . They numbered 10 , 000 j 3 , 000 of them were in Union . They were ia favour of a General Union , also of the restriction of the hours of labour , and wished to see established an efficient . Land Plan . A Committee of fifteen , consisting of the following persons , was then appointed : — -Messrs . Wayne , Rattray , Wartnaby , Thompson , "Fleming , Drury , Dunning , James , ' Sedgwick , Webster , Evans , Skelton , Hackney , T . Booth , and Pasquil . After wliich , thc Conference adjourned until ten o ' clock on Wednesday morning , to give time to the Committee to consider on the address of the President , and on such other suggestions as to the business of Conference as might be submitted to it , to report thereon to Conference at its next sitting . SECOND DAY'S SITTING , Wednesday , _MarchSo * . T . S . "buncombe , Esq ., M . P ., resumed the chai _* fi about eleven o ' clock .

    The Secretary read letters from Bradford , Plymonth , Leicester , Newcastle , Bath , Cheltenham , Rothwell , Bury , Daventry , Rochester , Monmouth , Rochdale , Liverpool , and Limerick , all approving of the Conference , and promising to take the necessary steps to create a better organisation amongst themselves . The list of delegates was then called over , the Secretary noting the absentees . Mr . Firth , Plasterer , moved—That a list ofthe delegates be printed , in order that the attendance of the delegates might be duly noted ; which was seconded by Mr . Webster , of the United Trades of Hull . An amendment was moved by Mr . Riley , seconded by Mr . Taylor—• That such list be published at the conclusion of the sit . ting of Conference . After a discussion , in which Messrs . Rattray , Berry , and others took part , the amendment waa carried .

    Tho following standing orders were then submitted and adopted—1 st . —That the Conference assemble every morning , at half-past nine o ' clock , and adjourn at one o ' clock for dinner , re-assemble at two , and adjourn for the day at five o ' clock . 2 nd That the list of delegates he called over at eaeb sitting , and a record of the attendance be kept . 3 rd . —That all motions be submitted in writing , and tbat no delegate speak more than fifteen minutes on any one motion , _exeept the mover , who shall be aUowedhall an hour , and also tbe privilege of reply . Mr . Dunning , Bookbinder ,

    moved—That it be a special instruction to the Secretary , that in calculating the numbers represented be enumerate none but pay fog members . lie thought this was absolutely necessary to pre ** eat delusion . ( Hear , hear . ) Mv . James , Shoemaker , seconded the motion . Mr . Lloyd Jones , Fustian-Cutter , must oppose the motion , inasmuch as the men he represented were not paying members , but were anxious to become paying members of any consolidated Union that might be formed on a comprehensive basis . Mr . W . Smith , Shoemaker , said , should the motion be carried he should be placed alsoin an awkward predicament , as one portion of Ids body at the present time were not paying members ; but he hoped

    the result of then * deliberations would be to unite the whole . Mr . Skelton , Ladies' Shoemaker , thought if the resolution was carried it would defeat the object for which the Conference was convened ; and he firmly believed if the Conference shewed that there was a chance of doing good , the vast majority of their trade would again unite . Tho non-payment had "been caused by circumstances over which they had no controul . Mr . Berry , Miner , said lie was the representative of 10 , 000 paying men , whilst the whole body of Miners in Lancashire mustered 21 , 000 ; but as the 10 , 000 did not expect to pay for the 21 , 000 , it was nothiner but rieht that the _navinsi members only

    should be counted . Mr . George White , Wooleomber _, thought the discussion was a waste of time . They had assembled for business , and to endeavour to obtain tho co-operation of all . He would therefore now move-That in any list that may be printed , the numbers of members in the several Trades be _printed ; and thatthenumber of pay ing members in the same Trades be also _i specified * The Chairman suggested that at the conclusion of th , _^ proceedings a list should be printed , stating tho numbers in each trade , and the numbers of payingmembers in each Trades' Union . He did not think ion ould be accordant

    the adoption ofthe resolut w with the purport ofthe Conference . Its object was to prevent , not to cause , schism . Mr P erry , Boot ami Shoemaker , could not support the resolution of Mr . Dunning , as he hoped shortly to see a General Union of their whole trade . Mr . Lloyd Jones , _Fustian-Cuttor , in explanation , read portions ofthe document by which , the . Conference was convened , and also quoted the letter of Mr .. Drurv which had led to then * , assembling . He had come at the call of these documents , and if . the mustbreathed iu them was not permitted to-prevail , Ins . constituent s ahd himself would be alike deceived and disfranchised . ' : .. . ;

    . _ _, Mr . _HawWrorst said , that although he was there as _thii _representative of WO paying members of his , trade , yet he conceived the other portion of thei , 600 engaged in the same line of business were aa good Umoniate as the 750 . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Webster , Hull , was sent bv . a great bod y of working men / who were desirous of becoming Union . - * ists , and to co-operate in establishing a better system of organisation throughout the country . He wag there not as a Unionist only , but for the purpose of creating and cementing Union . ' ( Cheers . ) \ ( Continued in our eighth page , )

• Citation
  • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 29, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_29031845/page/7/