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Northern Star (1837-1852), 28th December 1850, Edition 3 of 3, Page 3, Christianity in Ceylon; its Introduction...

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      Thejo R " " '' ' Of Systematic Action Th...

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      / Thp Poor Man's Temple. .. By Tba ^W « ...

      / _THP POOR MAN'S TEMPLE . .. By _tba _^ _w « "l ae _^ Omnipotence 0 / _tte _Dje _^ f . , _,-aptlother ; P 6 ems . / . , _* stood one morning early , _/ ' ,. In » lone _cathedral _aisle- _^ . / _Tto organ ' s notes were swelling _f _hwuguout the solemn pile ; I listen ' d to the musicj Gazed on the mighty dome---Till trembling at the grandeur , - Thought ' twas no poor man ' s home . . ; ....

      I fancied that my presence Defiled the spotless floor , Polluted the rich windows , . " The lined and gilded door ; Cast shadows oh the marble And on the flowing dress / "Which _seem'd to scout my meanness , And unpatch'd raggedness . I was slartled from my musings - By one in braided suit , "Who drove me from the building . ' . "With curses , like a brute ; Who bade me •'• not come stealing ¦ ' _Thesilvercup 3 away , " And told me that" the prison Was my only place to pray . " I _wander'd through the city ;

      The sabbath prayer-bell toll'd , The rich crowds hurried by me ; To church the magnates roll'd ; With weary step I follow'd ; All kept aloof from ine , Till almost ' then I doubted My own-humanity ; "" I _enter'd at the portals , To seek the balm that ' s given - To hearts bow'd down with sorrow—1 . The gradoiisgift of heaven ; But the red and an _* ry beadle . Thrust back my beggar'd form , - And said " this is no workhouse—Begone !"—I fled the storm .

      And sought a quiet chapel ,. - In a dark and lonely street , Where crowds of long-faced people In solemn mockery meet . I saw their Christian faces . Their sad _aod-coutrite air , And thought with foolish fondness , \ God ' s worship must be there . I enter _ed then the chapel , And was . softly sitting down , When a stern man , and unbending , ¦ ' . Camenear me with a frown ; Came near with sacred unction , _. And said with solemn face , " Yonr garments prove your . wickedness—So . this is not your place . "

      I _hasten'd from , this temple , — I _flei the hated town , — And sought the glorious mountains , "Where God ' s sunlight came down I threw nie on the green sward , _. The green and flower " gemm'd sod , _Uprais'imine eyes to heaven _. And told my thoughts to God . And oh I He did not spurn me , As I breatb'd my prayer to him ,. Which floated rip . to heaven " With hymns of seraphim ; Fofhe sent me down an angel , Who touch'd those secret _springs Which hush our griefs with weeping ; And bright imaginings .

      . I poured forth adoration , " " _/ . And _laugh'd _. and danced , and sang , ' " - _\^ _- - Tfll the _^ distant echoes heard me , - ' - " _. The sky-With _' mnsie rang . 1 r . _^ . Content . With my : condition , * s ' - - - 1 * _s _^ Pt _^ _PPB _^ _neeod , ' ¦ " _*' ., And till men . own me brother , _fc _* ¦ " _\ _WiU pray apart to'God . tn _- _' _*"' _- " .-- - . • - ' ¦ ¦ - j _~ - ¦ : ' ¦ - '

      Ayiat ¦ Fr:» . - . - ::: ;% ^. .—. - - ^ M * , I •- •' -•¦•---• . .

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      ' ¦' T^Tk^Ry-^M^Progression , And Natura...

      ' ¦' _T _^ Tk _^ _ry- _^ _M _^ _Progression , and Natural * _[ ' ProJSa _^^ jof c a , jRei gn of ; Justice . London : . j'lFfie _. awiar _iei _^ B \ Pajitics as "the science of [ . Equity , _^ ii treats : o | "ihe _. relations of men in _Cejnjtf : V ' to . obliterate all unequitable . actions ' jOf men ,: singly or inhodies , towards each other , " 3 a , -therefore , ; ite _^ practieal ultimatum ; -and it . _Jprofesses to _develops the _Iswshj .. which human /{ actions ought to be regulated , in so : far as men interfere with" each _other . _^ Buthuman actions * nifty he -viewed under various ' . distinct aspects in

      ' rr _^ . g . Jailing a man may . > be > regarded its _^ ph ysiolog ical aspect , an _injoryii _^ _using the cessation of his functions—in its econimichl aspect , the destruction of a mechanisms which pos" sessed so much value—in its . _political ' aspect , . as a crime , or duty , or neither—in its relig ious aspect , as a sin or otherwise . The'position of " Politics is thus seea . to be—" posterior to . _political economy , , and anterior to religion ; - ¦ It superadds a new concept to . economics , and * xejigion again adds ; a new concept to politics ; _political economy can in no respect he allowed to . discourse of-duty , nor can politics he allowed to discourse of « b . "

      a -la every branch of knowledge the first _question is its method . The following extract on _jSiishead will do ranch to g ive the reader the " ontline . of the inquiry : — , The question is , " Is there any possibility of discovering or evolving a natural . theory which is not ¦ arbitrary ? " Is there in the question of man's political relation to man , a truth _^ nd a falsity , as _independent of man's opinion as are the truths of _geometry or astronomy ? _' - " A truth there must . be some-* _" § bere , and in the present volume we attempt to Exhi bit _theprobability / _of its evolution . ? 'Oar argument is based on tbe theory of progress ,

      _iJPthtffact of a progress ; for it is a fact as wen as 'a fleor _4 ? 'And the theory of progress is based on Itfae principle , that there ' is an order in which man . not only does evolve the various branches of knowledge , but an order in which man -unnecessarily " evolve the various branches of knowledge . And this necessity is based on the principle , that every « eience _,-when undergoing its process of discovery , 4 s objective , that is , the object of contemplation ; but when discovered and reduced to ' ordination it becomes subjective , that is _; a ; means of operation for " the discovery and evolution of the science that life _, logically beyond it , and next to it m logical

      proxiimty _. - - -. If this logical dependence of one science on another could be clearly made out for the whole realno of knowledge , it would give the outline , not only of the cla ssification of the sciences , but of nan s intellectual history-of man's intellectual _devekpe-JLf-where the word developement means , not the alterat ion of man ' s nature , but the extension of bis knowledge , and tbe consequent improvement of his S of action , entailing with it the improvement % _SlvSbm of this intellectual developement _eS bo made ont for the branches of knowledge _*>}* have already been reduced to ordination , it

      ,,, may be carried into the future , and the iuture progreW mankind may be seen to evolve logically _^ n _^ _ScSSe _as pec _tsin whic hascience fte l £ kd determinatio n of its position in a scheme _^^ _stStuentpropo _^ _and the method it emplovs for their substanti ation . t , ; A -3 ; In the history of its doctrine (? ° _'* ° _^ _S of its 6 oofc 0-m the hirtory of the P _^ . ° ct , 0 n n nlf its theoretic principles to practice , and m tne _^ application of its principles to the present condition 01 _riociPtv * thereby attempting to estimate wnat _Ganges ' ought to be made , and what , in fact , ought to be the one definite form of political society . _j-jje present volume , treats only of the first of these divisions . After the above , prelimiiWrv matter the author enters on the matter *

      involved in political science . Its categories ire liberty and property ; . , under these may he discussed all _therelations of men in equity . The essence of _liberty _iS ' non-interJ _^ ence-to . Sure this universally _isthefirst end of all polS isociatiori . This leads to a eons _^ era-Sb rfSw mode in which men have made Ss Laws have not been , _duc ted only to II prolribition of actions natorally cnmes , bnt _tslTcreaied crimes hy the despotism of fa se law Thi , _»^ -leg ialation , orlegisla-£ , ' out of its .. sp here , has made , cnmes by _ISs aga 4 st _free interna tional exchange of _SoQuc _& iet _aldng of game-manufacture of _l _^ _Tarficles ln _& io _; excise-arid _^ gam _^ ¦ S nulhfc _reliafoaa credeupe _^ of - _whif Uatter

      _uniust _ahtp _prsecutlngJ _^ -B » W _& _- " _f _** Salit _Kow / onnd-in flie _taxatiflq _q _jsw It _^ _tte-u- ' _^ d ' church-rates . are _tbcrlast _xe-P _^ _nSfeomt system _oflegislatio _^ bat _Ketresof Smithfield , and sent _^ averhouse lm * dragoo - _nsto murder the _hul-side pea-

      ' ¦' T^Tk^Ry-^M^Progression , And Natura...

      tb « f _^? _£ Q Powers of the governrrient and _Je laws of the country within the bounds of eqmly-in other words , the evolution of liberty ana _jnsUce—demands a progress of mankind irom ignorance , error , and superstition , towards knowled ge—a combination of knowled ge and reason—of credence based on sufficient evidence , and the power of perceiving consequences and inferring antecedents . _^ Not that men are to combine knowled and reason te & _s _^ _^ . * _*^; _- _*^ i »

      ge , hut that the unprivileged classes must comhine together on the same knowled ge , and on the same principles that they have rationally deduced . from that knowled ge . All great changes , in the political condition of a people must be ' preceded by changes in the theoretic credence of the people ; and the progress of "political society from prescriptive privilege and the arbitrary will of the legislator , to a condition of absolute freedom and justice ( and this is the ultimate . end to which all civilised

      societies must progress ) is strictly proportioned to the progress made in correct knowledge , as the essential of- correct action , by which man works out his political well-being . "The acquisition , scientific ordination , and general diffusion of knowledge , will necessaril y obliterate error and superstition , and continually amend the condition of man upon the globe , until his ultimate condition , shall be the best , the circumstances of the earth permit of . " On this ground the' author takes up " ' the natural probability of a millennium "—based on the

      classification' of the sciences , on the past progress of mankind , and on the . computed evolution of man's future progress . By a millennium the author does not mean any particular portion of time—nor a miraculous condition of society , produced by supernatural changes in the nature of man—nor a personal reign of Christ in the world , but , _£ ' by a millennium , " he says , * ' we mean a period of universal peace and prosperity—a reign of knowlenge , justice and benevolence- —a period when the systematic arrangements of society shall be in perfect accordance with tho dictates of man ' s

      reasonand when societies shall act correctly , and thereby evolve the maximum of happiness possible on earth . " The argument for the natural probability of such a reign of justice is based , first , on the classification of the sciences . The author , therefore , enters oh that subject , and with great learning and philosophical acumen , investigates the logical order of the sciences _^—the chronological order in which they have _, been evolved—the sciences at which wehave now arrived ( for more sciences than one are at every period undergoing evolution though at different stages of progress ; antecedent and consequent to each other , but also interweaving or

      overlapping each other )—and then he inquires , "What are the branches of knowledge yet to be reduced to scientific ordination ; and in what order may we expect those future branches to he reduced'to the form of science , which excludes diversity of credence ? " After thus classifying these branches of knowledge in a very able manner , the author proceeds to the determination ofthe character , position , and boundaries of political science ;—the province of political economy , now pervaded by ; _eridless superstitions , is said to be utility , and its ultimatum the production of man ; the province of politics ' proper is equity , its principles and scheme entirely restrictive , audits object the realisation of a reign of justice .

      The argument may be thus condensed . . The progression of humanity is in proportion to the acquisition and reduction to practical operation of rational knowledge;—that rational knowledge is divided into the various sciences ;—the sciences have , among themselves a necessary co-ordination;—the measure of this coordination is the relative simplicity or complexity of the objects involved in the science-rbut the sciences have also a necessary order of chronological discovery ; the order of chronological discovery is coincident with the order of _logical ' classification . _;—^ consequently , if the logical classification be satisfactorily achieved , and the whole - of the sciences are riot yet

      evolved , - we can predict what the future order Of discovery will be . The progression has been from logic and the mathematical sciences , through the physical sciences , and up to manscience ;—man ' s functions are—action on the external world ; action on man , withoutinterference ; action on man by interference ; actions towards the Divine ' Being;—the first of these functionsiis artistic , the second economic , the third politic , the fourth _theologies ¦ — the point at which we are now arrived is economic ; the order of science , the history ofthe _pist , " assure us that the next step will be political science , however long or ' short may be the p ~ fdcess * bf its evolution .

      The discussion on the princip les arrived at m the _^> urse bfthe investigation , ofthe practical questions of property ,-pauperism , repreV _sentati 54 , , ' ; cnmej justice , and equality—centributes _greitV _, bo Ihe general interest . of the argument . V The Cause of freedom and truth _, looks hopeful asjit now lies before us ; in the lig ht of the calm " , wisdom . this work imparts .: One sees social _traditions _. andthe superstitions which have mflueiced all political arrange- _^ ments , creep off as pale shadows ; and Reason alone remains to ' sfiaple _, the institutions of human society . The cre * ed of the freest , most liberal , " People's party " is here reduced to scientific ordination . Philosophy and Religion give us our commission , and add a prophecy of

      sure success . . , . ; The last chapter ia a brief . outline of a historical sketch , in , which it . is _ attempted . to apprehend the sentiments ofthe human mind which have ruled society , and to appreciate the psychological developement of man through historic manifestations . We give a tabular summary from its close : — . To sum up the historic probabilities we may present the following > ble . The producers of food , and of articles to exchange against food , are the ruled ; _andtfoi riders appear under their respective forms . " '• The Ruled . The Cultivators , Traders , Manufacturers , & c . & c Tee Itw , BBS .

      . Warriors . War on barbarous principles , from the departure of the Romans to the Conquest . Riiight Warriors . From the Conquest to the death of Richard III . King and Courtiers . From Henry VII . to Revolution of 1688 . Church and State Policy Rulers . , From 16 S 8 to George IT . or William IV . Political Economy Rulers . Beginning to assume direction of the State in the rei » n of Queen Victoria . And the order of the systems that have hitherto been pursued b \ the ruling classes , and of the systems which may be expected in future , is as

      fol-Manifestation . ' 1 —Tbe Barbarous War System . 2 _* _ The Knightly'War System . 3 _* _ : Tbe Court Gallant System . /—The Court Policy System . 5—The Political Economy System . 6—The Science of Equity System . ?' -Finally , the Supremacy of Christianity . ' Faculties of Mind . _. 1 _ Comb _ativeness and Lower Passions-Manual _^ _SSeness and Sentiments-Fine Arts _^ Voluptuousness , with the Mechanical Arts d _T !!& Ug _; v _^ _S _.-Benefitfor Utility , with the Practical rua

      6 . _^ _-Justice . with the Theoretic Reason . 7 .-Benevolence , withthe Mind developed And this scheme ( imperfectly and crudely as we have advanced it ) , we maintain , is . borne out ,, nisr , bv the analytic reason analysing the forms 01 scientific truth and the order of scientific developmen _t , second , by the analysis of the components of man a nature ; andthirdi by theabstractform of history , so far \ _asiit ' . has - extended . And on these tbr . e crfnnnds . if . thev coincide and mutually suoport each

      otfieiv may be projected . the natural probability of a period yet to come , when justice shall be realised oh earth , to be followed by a period when Christianity shall reign supreme , and call into real and

      ' ¦' T^Tk^Ry-^M^Progression , And Natura...

      systematic action the higher ahd nobler sentiments of man . _¦¦; - ¦ " - ¦ ¦ : < _v . _.-.,- :: ! _-. _,. _¦ ... ; . r-More and more ara men feeling after political truth {—delivered from superstition , they fall into empiricism ;—or ,- adopting ; a- theory , they too often embrace one which ignores the facts of history , _hasvnohe of the sanctions of science , and , perhaps , fails to-recognise the unchanging though progressive _^ nature , or the actual condition of man . Superficial . notions -political crotchetSr _^ a propensity to rely on the force of external institutions , super-imposed , rather than developed from the exist-? _w _*^ _^

      ing state of human society in . its succession of modified necessities or enlarged possibilitiesand the habit of seeking remed y for admitted evils in fresh social creations , instead of working cure in men themselves , obediently to ithe law of true progress—these , and many other weaknesses and-falsehoods of modern politics , this treatise is potent to correct' and remove . Every writer , talker , and actor in the political field , will find that _.. an . acquaintance with its firmly-established principles and grand conceptions will incalculabl y promote the attainment of clearness of mind , a definite basis of certitude , and vitality of action .

      The Moorland Cottage. By The Author Of. ...

      The Moorland Cottage . By the author of . Mary Barton . London : Chapman and Hall . Most of our readers will recollect Mary Burton as a powerful and truthful exposition of the . ' evils , inherent , in ' the factory ? Byst em . The graphic manner in whichr the writer placed before the public the domestic , moral , and social results of factory . life , brought down froth the upholders of the factory system many sneers at her political economy and her sentimentalism ; but none denied the unquestionable genius and superior discrimination of character and motives which pervaded the work .

      . The Moorland Cottage exhibits the-same qualities , the same nice perception of character , the same skill in delineation , though the scene , is a new one . Instead , of the crowded and dirty streets , the lon g rows of tall factories , and the tall chimnies vomiting forth smoke , we are here taken to a quiet country town , and a solitary cottage , the secluded . home of the people the author has chosen as the heroes of this admirable Christmas book ; : The characters and incidents are

      ordinary and simple enough in themselves '; it is the . charming truthfulness with which they are narrated that makeB them so wonderfully interesting . The story is a chronicle of the fortunes of the widow of a country curate , and her orphan son and daughter . We are first introduced to them as children , and made to keep them company till the one is disposed of by death , -and the other as happily as the reader feels she deserves to be . The description of the Moorland Cottage

      and its inmates , as they are first introduced to us , forcibly marks the power ofthe author , not only in portraying external scenery , but penetration and discernment in the observation and depiction , of mental phenomena . We are made to see that the widow , whose sorrow is sincere enough in the beginning , however shallow , becomes the slave of appearances , and the growth of a habit of _insincerity , for the purpose of maintaining conventional . respectability-and character , is nicely indicated . !

      ' If you take the turn to the left , after you pass the lyke-gate at Combehurst Church ; yoii will come to the wooden bridge over the brook ; keep along the field-path which mounts higher and higher , and , in half a mile or so , you will be in a breezy upland field , almost large enough to be called a down , where sheep pasture on the short , fine , elastic turf . You look down on Combehurst and its beautiful ohurch-spire . After the field is crossed , you come to a common , richly coloured with the golden gorse and the purple heather , which ill summer time send out their warm scents into the quiet air . The swelling waves . of the upland make a near horison against the sky ; . the line is only broken in one

      place by a small grove of Scotch firs , which always look black and shadowed even at midday , when all the rest ofthe landscape seems bathed in sunlight . The lark quivers and sings high up in the air ; too high- _^ in too dazzling a region , for you to see her . Look ! she drops into sight;—but , as if loth to leave the heavenly radiance _^ she balances herself and floats in the _etberi Now she falls suddenly right into her nest , hidden among the ling , unseen except by the eyes of Heaven , and the small bri g ht insects that run hither and thither on the elastic flower-stalks . With something like the sudden drop of the lark , the path goes down a green abrupt descent ; and in a basin , surrounded by the grassy hills , there stands

      a dwelling , which is neither cottage nor house , but something between the two in size . Nor yet is it a farm , though surrounded by living things . It is , or rather it was , at the time of which I speak , the dwelling of Mrs . Browne , the widow of the late curate of Combehurst . There she lived with her faithful old servant and her only children , a boy ahd girl : They were as secluded in their green hollow as tbe households in tho German foresttales . Once a week they emerged and crossed the common , catching on its summit the first sounds of the sweet-toned bells , calling them to church . Mrs . Browne walked first , holding Edward ' s hand . Old Nanny followed with Maggie ; but they wero all one

      party , and all talked together in a subdued and quiet * tone , aB beseemed the day . They had not much to . say , their lives were too unbroken ; for , excepting on . Sundays , the widow and her children never went to Combehurst . Most people would have thought the little town a quiet , dreamy place ; but to those two children it seemed the world ; and after they had crossed the bridge , they each clasped more tightly the hands which they held , and looked shyly up from beneath their drooped _eyelidB when spoken to by any of their mother's friends . Mrs . Browne was regularly asked by some one to stay to dinner _rafter . morning church , and as regularly declined , rather to the timid children ' s relief ; although in the week-days they sometimes spoke together in a low voice of the pleasure it would bo

      to them if mamma would go and dme at Mr . Buxton's ,, where ' the little girl in white and that great . tall boy lived . . Instead of _Btaying there , or anywhere else , oh Sundays , Mrs . Browne thought it heir duty to go ' and cry over her husband ' s grave . The custom had arisen out of true sorrow for his loss , for a kinder husband , and more worthy man , had never lived ; but the simplicity of her sorrow had been destroyed by the observation of others on tbe mode of its manifestation . They made way for her to cross the grass towards his grave : and she , fancying that it was expected of her , fell into the habit I have mentioned . Iler children , holding each a hand , felt awed and uncomfortable , and were . sensitively , conscious how often they were pointed out , as ft mourning group , to observation .

      The widow , in short , is shallow , superficial , and fond of display . The hoy resembles her , and is indulged and petted , to his ruin ; while little Maggie , with her overflowing wealth of true affection , gentleness , . and womanly intellect , _-, is treated with a jealous harshness , amountipg , thoug h unintentionally , to positive cruelty— > .. Mr . Buxton , the great man of the village town , a kind-hearted , but not over refined or intellectual friend of the late curate , has become aware that Maggie . Brown is not properly appreciated at the cottage , and invites her over to his house at Combermere ; this the mother , grudging permits ; and thus a new

      world of instruction , of hope , of thought , feeling , and action , ia opened up to her . The description of the great man ' s house is a piece of delicious painting . But , leaving the " stilllife , " . let , us look at the groups on their way from the Moorland Cottage to the party ; first premising that , while Edward , the favourite , has had a new suit made for . the occasion , an old gown of her mother ' s has been washed , and made up for little Maggie . The old frock , however , could not have troubled Maggie very much , but her mother ' s discourse , -anent manners in the great house they were going to , must have been sufficiently terrifying . These are Mrs . Brown's notions of «¦ company manners . ''

      " Maggie ! you must sit as upright as ever you can ; make _yourtoack flat ; child , and don't poke . If I cough you must draw up . I shall cough wh _, never I see you do anything wrong , and I shall be looking at you all day ; so remember . You hold yourself _: vcry Well , Edward . If Mr .-Buxton asks you you may have a glass of wine , because you' re ahoy . ' ' . But mind and t say , ' Your good health , sir'before you drink it , "; ,, . ' •¦ ' -.. ' _, _' « I'd rather , not have the wine if i , ' m to say that " said-Edward , bluntly . ,., ; " Oh , nonsense ! -my dear . You'd wish to be like a gentlemen , I ' m sure . "

      The Moorland Cottage. By The Author Of. ...

      able m * _Scred - something " whioh was _inaudix

      _ But it'is-this very faculty which makes Maggie , perceive and ; admire the beautifulthat enables her to make a far better impression than the . slip-slop formalism _andirigid , but meaningless external observance , her mother _permits-the clever Edward _, to leave behmd ; him . With arms round-each others necks Maggie and Erminia ( the niece of Mrs . Brown ) take their way to the sick chamber of that fair and saint-like sufferer . Maggie starts , at first , but Boon finds that

      Something of herself was so much in harmony with Mrs . Buxton's sweet resigned gentleness , that it answered like an echo , and the two understood each other , strangely well . They seemed like old _tnends . Maggie , who was reserved at home bocause no one cared to hear what she had to say , opened out , and told Erminia iand Mrs . Buxton all about her way of spending her day , aud desoribed her home , i ' • ' Dow odd ! " said Erminia . " I have ridden that way on Abdel-Kadr , and never seen' your house . " "It is like the place the Sleeping Beauty lived in ; people sometimes seem to go round it and around it .

      and never nnd it . But unless you follow a little sheep track , which seems to end at a grey piece of rock , you may come within a stone ' s throw of the chiinnies and never see them . I think you would think it so pretty . Do you ever come that way , ma ' am ?" " No , love , " answered Mrs . _Buxton . " But will you some time ?" "I am afraid I shall never be able to go out again , '' said _/ _Mrs . Buxton , in a voice whioh , though low , was very cheerful . Maggie thought how sad a lot was here before her ; and by-and-bye she took a little stool , and sat by Mrs . Buxton ' s sofa , and stole her hund into hers .

      Here is another fine hit at mere surface and shallow worldly wisdom : — : When Mrs .-Browne heard where Maggie had drank tea , she was offended . Sbe had only sat with Mrs . Buxton . for an hour before dinner . If Mrs . Buxton could bear the noise of children , she could not . think why ihe shut herself up in that room , and gave herself such " ' airs . She supposed it was because she was the granddaughter of Sir Henry Biddulph that she took upon herself to have such whims , and not sit at the head of her table , or . make tea for her company in a civil decent way . Poor

      Mr . Buxton ! What a sad life for a merry lighthearted man to have such a wife . ' It was a good thing for him to have agreeable society sometimes . He iooked a deal better for seeing his friends . He must be sadly moped with that sickly wife / ( If she had been _clairvoyante at that moment , she might have seen Mr . Buxton tenderly chafing his wife ' s hands , and feeling in his innermost soul a wonder how one so saint-like could ever have learnt to love such a boor as he was ; it was the wonderful mysterious blessing of his life . So little do we know of the inner truths of the households , where we come and go like intimate guests ! 1

      Mr . Buxton has a son , a dashing , spirited , impressible , and noble young ' fellow , and Maggie wins his heart as well as his mother ' s and his father ' s , but the latter does not foresee that the frequent visits of the " little' brown mouse , " as his son first called her , is to lead to _such-a scene as this ; - — — One summer ' s day , as hot as day could be , Maggie had been busy all the morning ; for the weather was ' s ' o sultry that she would not allow either Nancy or her-mother to exert themselves much . She had gone down with the old brown pitcher , coeval with herself , 'to the spring for water ; and _whiter it w \ _is trickling , ' and making a tinkling music / she sat down on the grohhd . The air was so still that she

      heard the distant wood-pigeons cooing ; and round about her the bees were murmuring busily among the clustering heath . From some little touch of sympathy with these low sounds of pleasant harmony , she began to try and hum some of _Erminia's airs . She never sang out loud , or put words to her songs : but her voice was very sweet , and it wasa great pleasure to herself to let itgo into music . Just as her jug was filled , she was startled by Frank's sudden appearance . She had thought he was . at Cambridge , and , from some cause or other , her face , usually . so faint in colour , beoame the most vivid scarlet _;^ They were both too conscious to . 8 peak ; Maggie stooped ( murmuring some wdrds „ of surprise ) to take up her pitcher . '•' ,, _. . " Don't go yet , Maggie , said he , putting his hand on hers to stop her ; but , somehow , when that

      purpose was effected , he forgot to take it off again . * ' I have come all the way from Cambridge to seeyou . I could hot bear suspense any longer . I grew so impatient for certainty of soine kind , that I . went up to town last night , in ' order to feel myself on my way to you , even though I knew Icould not be here a bit earlier to-day for doing so , Maggie—dear Maggie ! bow you are trembling ! Have I frightened you ? Nancy told me you were here ; but it was very thoughtless to come _sp sudden tly upon you . " It was not the suddenness of bis coming ; it was the suddenness of her own heart , which leaped up with the feelings balled out by" his words . She went very white , and sat down on the ground as before . But she rose again immediately , and stood , with drooping , averted head . He had dropped her hand , but now sought to take it again ,

      ' < Maggie , - _darling , may I speak ? " Her lips moved , he saw , , but he could not hear . A pang of affright ran through him that , perhaps , she did not wish to listen . " May I speak to you ? " he asked again , quite timidly . Sbe tried to make her voice sound , but it would hot ; so she looked round , nor soft grey eyes'were eloquent in that one glance . And , happier than his words , passionate and tender as they were , could tell , he spoke till ber trembling was changed into bri f ht flashing blushes , and even a 6 by smile hovered about her lips , and dimpled hor cheeks .

      The water bubbled over the pitcher unheeded . At last she remembered all the work-a-day world . She lifted up the jug , and would have hurried home , but Frank decidedly took it from her . " Henceforward , " said he "I have a right to carry your- burdens . " So with one arm round her waist , and with the other carrying the water , they climbed the steep tnrfy _Blope . But the sweet dreams of opening life do not often meet the approving _Bmile of tliose whose own youth and summer has passed away Mr . Buxton has formed other and more ambitious plans for tho future career of his son and heir , and will not hear of the

      match . Edward ,, meantime , who mistakes cunning .. for talent , becomes a lawyer instead of a clergyman j is entrusted with business by Mr . Buxton , and in . order to meet the debts caused by his extravagance at the university , forges that gentleman ' s name . The father takes advantage of this occurrence to visit Maggie , and to tell her that how her brother has brought this disgrace on the family , he trusts she will , give up Frank ,, and further offers , if she will do this ,: that instead of prosecuting he will enable Edward to escape . We

      will not-attempt to explain how Maggie escapes' out of this terrible and afflicting dilemma , and how Magg ie and Frank are married , notwithstanding all the obstacles that have to be encountered . It is sufficient to say , that the story ends happily , as it ought to , aud that the great and abidiug lesson it leaves on tlie heart and the memory , is that of hopeful encouragement for all unselfish exertion and kindly "feeling . For its beautiful pictures of nature , for its sound , but unobtrusive truthfulness and sound ethical tono , we commend this as a most desirable Christmas book .

      Christianity In Ceylon; Its Introduction...

      Christianity in Ceylon ; its Introduction and Progress under the Portuguese , the Dutch , the British , and American Missions . With an Historical Sketch ofthe Brahmanical and Buddhist Superstitions . By Sir . J . E . Tennent . . Murray . .-To the majority of English readers Ceylon is an unknown land . Before the recent insurrection and the hig h-handed repression of the revolt by Lord Torrington drew attention to whether

      the subject , veryfow cared to inquire the island held a separate race from that of the main laud of India , or exhibited any marks of individual character and special interest . This indifference is at least shaken by late events * : and it may . reasonably be expected that henceforward councils ' of missionary societies and Government officials , will not constitute the entire British public so far as the affairs of Ceylon are concerned . As Colonial Secretary to tho island , Sir

      Christianity In Ceylon; Its Introduction...

      James has . had access ( to the _oldDuioh records _—rthose of the Portuguese were 'unfortunatel y carried away , first to Goa , , thenl to ., Lisbon , afterwards to Rio de Janeiro , so as not to have been within his reach . Froth / the ' _unworlced sources at his disposal he has . Drought forth some new facts of interest , and corrected a few historical errors . ' ' . _- _^ _'A _i _: . . ' The account here given of the Brahmanical and Buddhist systems as they _ex'isVin Ceylon , is clear and forcible . Thefollowers of Brahma are the most inveterate opponents ' df the Christian faith , and of the civilisation which accompanies it to the East ; nor have the most patient and subtle missionaries yet discovered the point whereit can he assailed with success . ¦ Sir James observes : —' - . '•" _' "' ' : ' '' '' ¦

      , ; The difiioulty of effectually assailing the Brahmanical system arises from the mysterious immensity , from the _vastness and indistinctness of its huge proportions . Itis in this that consists at once its real and its artificial strength—real , in the prodigious area over which it 3 baleful influence extends , and in the ; myriads who bend blindly and submissively before its despotic authority ; artificial but still overpowering in the infinitude into which it has multiplied all its componehVparts . _Ifo mythical cosmogony stretches away beyond the bounds of spuce ; its historical annals extend backwards to the birth of time . Its chronology is recorded , not by centuries , but by millions of millions of

      ages ; and the individuals engaged in , one single exploit , minutely commemorated in its archives , exceed in number the whole congregation of human beings that have pressed the earth- since tho creation of man . Its events have been chronicled in Sanskrit , a language the most- expros 8 ivd " 'and harmonious that has ever been ; attunea jto human , utterance ; _, a language whose ca _^ acfer ' _s _^ re . declared to be a direct revelation from _therDeity . himself , audits sounds the accents ' . of the ' celestials . It : is professed 1 that in the reyolutidn of-ages ; 'theuse of this melodious tongue has been , withdrawn from the lips of ordinary mortals , andjIts _; kno . wl _f tigo bias heen entrusted to the divine'raee _. _ofthe-Brafihiahs alone , to whom it has been _, permitted to cultivate this dialect of the gods . The Ve ' _das ahd ' the > Sha ' stra ' 8 >( the sacred volumes which contain ' all'im ' agiriable'

      knowledge , and embody all that has beeH communicated by the inspiration of Omniscience , "are ' written ' : in _tlm venerable _language ,- and are ' believed-to be as ancient as eternity , and to have issued direct _ft-om the lips of tho Creator . From th ' o ' _-Vedas proceed the' _Upangaa and . Puranas , those-versified commentaries and interminable treatises which compose the wisdom of the East , leaching _allarts , expound ? ing all sciences , developing all mysteries , explaining all laws arid ethics , embracing all that it" becomes man to know , and enioining all that it behoves him to perform . All these form a body of learning ! so profo . und as to be infallible , so vast as to be inscrutable , so voluminous _^ that the mere / fragments ! of these giant epios , . which are still accessible to mankind , are computed by millions of stanzas , and the whole existence of an ordinary mortal ,, t hough prolonged to the uttermost hour , would barely suffice

      to initiate him into tho first rudiments of tho ineffable literature of Brahma . It is . this . imposing immensity in which consists the . ascendancy , and duration of the system . Its vastness baffles all scrutiny and defiles all human comprehension . The mind of the Hindoo is overawed by the _Be ' nse of inconceivable extension ; he feels it impious to explore where he despairs to comprehend ; he hows in distance and in humbleness before the sublimity of mystery , and in the very prostration of'his intellect —he believes . " , _t : _'? - .

      The great material bulwark of Brahmanism is the system of caste , so universalin the East . Each man ' s place is by it fixed in society . . He cannot rise to a higher or decline to a lower grade . He cannot change his condition . There is but one niche in the world for him;—as he lives so he must die . Losing that _/ lie does not merely descend in the social scale , ' . ' , like proselytes to new ideas in Western countries , —hut drops entirely . out of the pale of mankind . Caste is a distinction of essence ;*—not merely of degree . It is in no sense analogous to rank . The latter is a social institution ; but the

      former is held to be a divine and immutable distinction ; The humblest follower of Brahma scorns the idea of taking for his teacher the Son of a carpenter ! Tho social system of Gotama Buddha is less rigid . It is a system of philosophy rather than a religion in the European sense . Its precepts are noble , and its practices tolerant . Its professed mission is that of the teacher .., It repudiates caste , and . proclaims tho equality of mankind . Yet the idea of caste is firmly rooted in the minds of its worshippers . This form of belief has acceptance with one-third of the human race , — - and it is of interest to find that it is more

      open to the advances of European doctrines than its rival creed . Speaking of the ancient feuds between the Hindu disciples of Brahma and Buddha , our author observes : — From the earliest period of Indian tradition , the . struggle between the religion of Buddha and that of Brahma was carried on with a fanaticism and perseverance which resulted in the ascendancy of the Brahmans _, perhaps about the commencement of the Christian era , and the eventual expulsion some centuries later ofthe worship of their rivals from Hindostan ; but at what precise time the latter catastrophe was consummated has not been accurately mentioned in tho annals of either sect . That

      Buddhism thus dispersed over eastern and central Asia beoame an active agent in the promotion of whatever civilisation afterwards enlightened those races by whom its doctrines were embraced , seems to rest upon evidence which admits of no reasonable doubt . The introduction of Buddhism into China is ascertained to havo been contemporary with tho early development of civilisation and the arts amongst this remarkable people , at a period coeval , if not anterior , to the era of Christianity , ' Buddhism exerted a salutary influence over the tribes of Thibet ; through them it became instrumental in humanising the Moguls and it would seem more or less to have led to the cessation of the devastating incursions by which the hordes of _the-East were

      preoipitated over the Western empire in the early eras of Christianity . To Buddhism the Singhalese owe their alphabet and whatever they enjoy of a native literature . When the Portuguese acquired possession of the island , they began to convert the inhabitants to Christianity . They succeeded , first with the fishermen of the _^ coasts , and afterwards with others . _^ Whatever the meaus employed , they achieved a degree of success—wide spread and permanent—such as no other people from the West have done since . Sir James finds several reasons for this marked success ; but the chief one , according to his authority , 'is the resemblance in outward rites between the two systems : —

      Buddhism , like the ceremonial of the Church of Rome , has , to some extent , its pageantry and decorations , its festivals and its fireworks , its processions , it ' s perfumes , its images , its exhibition of relics , its sacred vestments , and . its treasures of " barbaric pearl and gold . " It has its holy places and its pilgrimages in prosperity and' health , and its votive offerings in " calamity and disease . The priests of both are devoted to celibacy and poverty , to mortification and privation . Each worship has its prostrations and genuflexions , its . _^ repetition s and invocations , in an ancient , and to the multitude

      an unintelligible tongue [ Latin and Pali ]; and the purgatory of the one bas its counterpart in the transmigrations of the other . Both bave their legends and their miracles ; their confidence in charms , and in the assistance of guardian saints and protectors ; and in the general aspect of their outward observances , not less than in the concurrence of many of thoir leading beliefs , it is : with the least , conceivable violence to established customs , and the slightest apparent disturbance of preconceived ideas , that tbe Buddhist finds himself at libertyto venture on the transition from his own faith , to that of his new advisers .

      Another reason for their rapid conversion may be found in the instructions sent by the King of Portugal to the Viceroy of Goa , in which he says , " Pagans may be brought over to our religion , not only by the hopes of eternal salvation , but also by temporal interest and preferment ; " after which , he gives special instructions to his functionaries that , on receiving the rite of baptism , tho natives are to be provided with p laces in the Customs , exempted from service ia the navy , or fed out of the public stores .

      When the Dutch took possession of the country , they tried a different plan . They founded schools—but no scholars came . They performed their own worship —hut their chapels were empty , _ffihetfigid'disciplane and simple ceremonial of the' _^ _hurcirot Holland had no attractions for the Singhalese . ' iThe Jesuits had already shown the way to . success ; but the Dutch spurned such an example as unworthy of the cause which they had in hand . They would not , like their rivals , be come " all

      Christianity In Ceylon; Its Introduction...

      _things ' to all men , ' ? How the _JesuitsVent to work Sir James shalltell us : — . ¦' . * . _- _' . suite assume d too character of Brahmans of a _rhffi 7 aste _fl'om ' the Western World ; -they took ¦ SqS _^« . _*^ t ' _^ 00 lrf 0 _nhtoI to tho _^ ben _SnhST'S _*!? - haughty '' _^ 4 exclusive race , prol | ' . n 8 . PPort-: of ; their pretensions ,, a deed 2 T _. of £ _aZ w charao _^ s , to show that the Brah _ZwrST _w _*? « i « ch older date than the Brahmans of _Induyand descended in an equally direc line from 1 Brahma himself . They _composeS a pretended Voda in which they sought to insinuate the doctrines of Christianity , in the _language and phraseology of the sacred books of the Hindoos

      . They wore the cavy , or orange robe peculiarto the _Saniassecs , the fourth , and one of the most . venerated , sections ofthe Brahmanical' caste . -Thev hung ati * er skin from their shoulders , in imitation of Stiiva ; they abstained from animal food , from wine , and certain prohibited vegetables ; they performed the ablutions required by the Shasters ; they carried oh their foreheads the _^ sacred spot of sandal wood powder , which is tho distinctive emblem of the Hindoos ; and in order to sustain their assumed character to the utmost , they affected to spurn the Pariahs and lower castes , who lay no claim

      to the same divine origin with the Brahmans . In cari'ving out this system , the Jesuits hot only contended that they were justified in the employment of such means by the sanctity of the object they were to accomplish , but they derived encouragement and facility from the many points of resemblance presented by the religion of their own church , as compared with the practices of the idolatry which they camo to everthrow . " If , " says the Abbe Dubois , himself a Roman ; _Catholic-missionary in India , ; " any ono of the several _m'bdesMfe _^ Christian worship be calculated more _thani _^ perf _^ to make an impression , and eain erdiind Jn _^ _niiiaJ _:: _^

      itis no . doubt the Catholic form , whicaiPre ' t £ tiS | s _S |) consider idolatry . " Its external ¦ ponj ' _^ a _»®| _oM _^ are well suited to the genius and disjgp > i _^ _fogMOb 9 natives ; . -It . has apoojd , or sacrih |! e _^ proceg _|^ SiP images , ; and ' statues _^ tirian ; _or'holywater _^^ _S _^ p' fasts , and prayers f «* the _deadpnvoc _| tion _^^^ i ' :. _^ and ; other _practicesnvhich _bejromoroipr . Ie 8 _»^^^ na _«^ bianco to that ot thiHindob _^ , _OrV _^ e _^ _Jamit _^ : and coincidences th _^ l'Je _su _^^^ _ilec _^^ _pi _^^^^ tho utmost * they ¦ c & _'dud _^ _Kpe lima _^ es _ofaSe _^^ w _^ gin arid _thet Saviour from the orgies ' . of 5 j | _fflgernHh ; ' they _Trrtrlpft | H the dancers ofthe Br | gtoameal ritesilrito _tbFfcffl mm monial of the Church _^ and _^ h _finevw a system' dEtw mingled deception an 1 _^ _nMMity ; " 'pl a _lifeibfS # 1 describable privationj _^ y _^ cee _deom _supersedng P the authority and ' the _^ uWce _. QtlBi Franciscas _;

      throughout _Southerhrlftuui aMih _$ | listing _mu L- ' C tudes of nominal conyij _^ _gjto th _^ hwfoh _^ ' _••• ' " _£ ' r \ The sturdy : _Dutch _^| test _^^^^^^ I- ; _\ . ised at such proceednlgB , nna \ barl _^^ ffi _\&\ -fj Papist priests . from' _^^; _1 i 8 l and _;^ t ' tB _^ _ffl _$ _fck timeprohibiting . _theptiyitcelebi'a _^ ri _OfjhB Wlm We _mayrlearn , at ; _-tp _^^ re sent v _^ lesspti from the' ; re 8 ullj . ' _»^ ibieiatWmp $ '" a _^ _' _^^^^ c ' ution failed ; . The _;^ Presbyteria & - _Chp | | 1 which it ; _waEi sought _^^^^ _0 b _^ : _^ m mm thesebularjpower , dwh _^ _lcd | _ow _^ _0 and vbyl t _$ m time the English ' took p _^ was nearly extinct .: is _ffi £ i _% t ?) _, _^? _« _v : ' _-m _fy M Tn ; _Alll » _tlll-n ' _ioWrl + * _W _* _W- _^ _a * Vr * _iVfii _;^ i _\ Vi >» _:-l' _* . * . lrt , I . _A _? iV .-1

      inti ' oduce either iEurop _5 _^^ _ilihs _^ European religions ideas ; _^^ toe _^ improvfeinl _»|^ has , no doubt , beeh _mSdeVhate _^ vh _^ er _;^ _fe _^ retary cordially relies more _orr _^ ooks _^ _sa _ff _ff _^ printing presses—newspapers , _'irptKeriafl _^~ M _language—and the general ¦ _ihtei'mixtdfe . \ wi _ih _|?^ the / natives of European civilians ; ' undei 8 ta | j _$ M ing their language / than upon clencaji _;^ 3- _^ 8 ions . We must concur _^ for we see _^ no usojln _^ driving one devil out , merely for the : pur _$ 6 se , _'¦*•>? of putting another in its place . . 1 . : .- l

      ' Mwm- —- ,,..,. "P Arimos. : - : ~-/Y:

      ' mwm- — - _,,..,. _"p _arimos . : _- _~ _- _/ y :

      The Bbiti8h Museum Has Twelve ¦ -. Miles...

      The Bbiti 8 h Museum has twelve ¦ _-. miles of bookshelves . . ¦ -. ¦ . ' _^ . _- " ¦ ¦ - . _;^ _-.. Indigestion and industry are seldom found united . Nothing sits so gracefully upon children , and makes them so lovely , as habitual respect and dutiful deportment towards their parents and then ? superiors . ADricE to Puseyite Pabsons . —You had better not remain in an establishment which , although it finds you _cMhea , victuals , and coils , can by no means afford you _^ candles . —Punch .: The Albany Knickerbocker tells of a young man who recently died in that city of disappointed ambition , as he " wanted to wear high shirt-collars , ' and his mother wouldn't let him . "

      Happiness and Wisdom . —There is this difference between happiness and wisdom ; he that thinks himself the happiest man , really is so ; but he who thinks himself the wisest , is generally the greatest fool . Singing _bt-Uar . —Banti scarcely knew a note of music ; Incledpn knew the gamut , but imperfectly ; and Ferrari ,. the author of a work on Italian singing , declares that .. Catalina " barely knew her notes . " The best _Vegbtabie _Pili / . —Mrs . Speckles says that the best vegetable pill tbat has yet been

      invented in an apple-dumpling . _-.. To destroy agnawing at the stomach , it is the only pill to be relied on . ' Itis said that in Grenville , Missouri , there is not a person over eighteen years of age that does not belong to a temperance society , and that there is not a grog shop in the town . _Foutunate Discovert . — -A poor vine grower , in the neighbourhood of Nismes , has just discovered in a field belonging to him an earthem . urn , containing more than 3 , 000 Roman silver medals . _Another small urn was near it , containing 162 medals of pure gold .

      Conscience . —Judge Jeffries , when on the bench , told _, an o ld fellow with a long beard that ho supposed he had a conscience » s long as his beard , "Does your lordship , " replied the old man , " measure consciences by beards . " If so , your lordship has none at all . Glass . —Water-pipes of glass appear to be getting into use in America . Mr . W . T . De _Gsyler , of Shenectady , N . Y ., has a patent for making tubes of such a form as to couple different lengths together , and form glass conductors for water of any length . The world would be more happy if persons gave up more time to an intercourse of friendship . Bat money engrosses all our deference ; and we scarce enjoy a social hour , because we think it unjustly stolen from the main business of life .

      Hydropathy . —The following hit at the water cure was made by Charles Lamb , and no one but himself could have had so quaint a conceit . " It is , " said he , " neither new nor wonderful , for it is as old as the Deluge , which , in my opinion , killed more than ic cured . " True Philosopht . —A country poet , after looking about over Jif ' e , has come to the following rhyming conclusion : — " Oh , I wouldn ' t live for ever—I wouldn ' t if I could ; But I needn't fret about it , for I couldn ' t if I would . "

      Wealth . —Tho wise editor of tho Pittsburgh Chronicle says : —• 'Talk about enjoyment of wealth —it never can be enjoyed ! An abundance is a heap of misery . A man who owns a house , a small farm , a small wife , a big dog , a cow , two or three fat pigs , and a dozen children , ought to be satisfied . If he ain ' t , he never ought to be . " Curious Omen . —Among the peasantry of Westphalia , and in some parts of Wales , young females knock , on Christmas eve , at the hen-house . If a hen first cackles , they relinguish the hopo of being married during the ensuing year ; but if a cock crows , they deem it an int ' alliable omen of their married before the year expires . •"'''_ . ..

      Length of Public Halls . —Exeter Hall is 131 feet six inches long , and seventy-six feet nine inches wide ; Westminister Hall , sixty-eight feet wide ; Birmingham Town flail , sixty-five feet ; Liverpool Philharmonic Hall , sixty-four feet ; Whitehall Chapel , fifty-five feet ; St . Martin's Hall , ( Lon _^ r Acre , ) fifty-five feet ; Guildhall ( City , ) forlh-eight feet ; New Houses of Parliament , forty-feet ; Freemasons' Hall , forty-threo feet ; Hanover-square Rooms , thirty-five feet six inches . California . —According to an American journal , a returned emigrant from the California track over the prairies says , than on the portion known as Carson ' s route , be counted 963 graves , and believes that at least 5 , 000 persons must . have perished on the plains this year . He also counted 1 , 061 dead mules , 4 . 960 dead horses , and 3 . 750 dead oxen .

      _Neapolitan Despotism . —The Araldo , a weekly military journal published at Naples , states that the Neapolitan Government has prohibited the follow * ing works : —The Cosmos of Humboldt , the works of Schiller ; Shakspeare , Moliere ,. Lamar . ine , Thiers , Sismondi ; besides Ovid , Lucian , Lucretius , and Sophocles . Ti _. e King ot . Naples , be it remembered , is the especial favourite of the Pope of Rome . . FLATTRiiY .-Queen Elizabeth , admiring the elegance of the Marquis ViUe de Medina ,, a Spanish nobleman , complimented him on it , begging at the same time to know , who possessed the heart-of so accomplished a cavalier ? ' Madam , saul he a lover risks too much on such an occasion ; but your _MaHtv ' s will is law . _Excuse roe , however , if I tear tn imniV her ; but request your Majesty _s acceptance of herportrait '" He sent her a _loohng-guiss .

      . Cubious _SioN _.-Theve is posted in one of tho windows of ' a shop in Westminster , " Music taught here , ;' and in the other , "Ears bored here without _^ _Wnf is a lover ; popping the question ; like' a _ttii-b ' r running a hot goose over a suit of clothes ?—Became he is pressing a suit .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 28, 1850, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_28121850/page/3/