Current:

Northern Star (1837-1852), 28th November 1846, Edition 3 of 3, Page 3

Page 3
Page 3
3 of 8

On this page

  • Departments (4)
    • IS&p*
    • ! rl
    • - Varfttfafc
    • lateral Intentgime*
  • Text (15)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      Mnr Aysee33, I«4o. The Nort«Ekn Star. 3

      _Mnr _aysEE 33 , i « 4 o . THE NORT « EKN STAR . 3

      Is&P*

      _IS & p _*

      « Ta **^S_ \F 0ritw T0 Tp Have Inoen Ple...

      _« ta _**^ S _ \ _f 0 Ritw T 0 tp have inoen pleasure in giving insertion to tbe i B _- ne spirited lines , and also to the author ' s prefollowinB _^ _-ajts _, witb . every word of which we _i ' _Scoacar . -Ed . iV : & l _. - • f niv opinion , the-annexation of Cracow is , _with--i _« _ception , the most barefaced combination of - weand tvranny , recorded in modern history . _-SJ-gir is a question of treaty-breaking , oi far more _Son _eaee to the world , than all the humbug and m _Snse about the Montpensier marriage , and the SSrf _VtretchL If the treaty of Vienna is to be _S _^' brol'en with impunity , where can unfortunate * _lLd loot for help ? her last remnant swallowed _LXmordcrers of Tarnow . This I conceive , is a _v which England aud France would be justified _interfering by force of arms . God send the day " _l-mtte _Cfeartfets of England and the Republicans _r Franceshall be able to make common cause with

      Oin « " _„_ j _„ J ' nim . _fnK l-an T _>^ . lna _„_ J ; _^ op press * 3 * and down-trodden Poles , and moving m with a P * "rcr t 0 ° miSht J for resistance _proclaim--ff Poland once again a nation , then we shall no ~ rt . se * an alliance of Kings , to tyrannise over their _Xtf-men , but an alliance of all the friends of _freeman _, of every colour , ehme , and cre ed , and that Sc race , that , with John Sobieski , rolled back rteu "* _leorfii rl _* P _"L _' fromite _^ _^ on _A-U _5 tria , _^ _e foremost in the ranks . for Foland there is no trine to weep , Since her last remnant ' s pone ; To swell the list of wrongs that keep Vengeance for many a throne ; When nations rise in armed array ; Then comes all tyrant ' s reckoning day .

      The paiace of the Jagellons ; lias been profaned by Austria ' s tread And had tbis world one claim upon Her heroes they'd rose from the dead , And grasped their ancient sword andspeer With _Boleslaus , and Casimir . Is ** bis , Austria , thy _gratitude 1 "ft ' fin Moslem thundered at tby gate ; * All in Vienna palsied stood , Deeming a captive's doom , tbeir fate : Snowing tho fierce Cournourgi near ; Of Mabmoud _' s troops , the Grand "Vizier . But sparring , in hot baste , their steeds ; Come horsemen like a moving clond , To aid the Austrian in his need ;

      Hark to that war-cry , long and loud ; Hark ! " God for Poland ; ** is their cry , Their leader the brave Sobieski . Tf hat ! where a _Pisses sceptre swayed ; Shall Austrian banners basely fly ? Are ail mankind alike afraid ; _Xordare to crush such tyranny ! Shall Poland's last remnant perish thus Between tbe Austrian and Russ i Guizot and Louis Philiippe plot , To crush in Prance the name of Poles ; Such actions scarcely are a blot-So mean , deceitful , are tbeir souls , That grasps at power . This at geld .

      Shall Freedom net ? be bought and sold ! Tbe mask is torn from off tby face ; Thou donble dealing king ; All now is gone , to thy disgrace Worse - fame coxVd never bring ; But perhaps , ' us best it should be so , That men their Mends and foes should know . Aye , go , thou "harsh , unpitying man , Whilst Freedom steeps ia broken slumbers , And whilst thon do * _st each movement scan Dream not the writhing tbat encumbers Htr , in her sleep with choking breath , Are her last throes , preluding death . So 1 like the sun at morning breaking Through tiie cloud banks , both duu and dart And all tbe world to vigour waking ,

      Is Freedom ' s hahtesringaished spark . Chains , dungeon , scaffold , and the knout _. Are Tain—that spark must not go out . As came of old , the prophet ' _s voice , To Judea _' s lofty ' _Ssog _, Which bade bim no more to rejoice In any earthly tbicg * For power and throne are passed away , And be is but as common elay . Such be tbe fate , Poised I of those Who hare kept thee-beneath The iron joke , aor dared oppose

      Thy sufferings ' _midst-enow and heath ; When Freedom rallies in her might , Hay . millions flock to aid _Ike right . Wben democracric England ' s bands , And Prance's sons together rally ; With many more from other lands ; From Switzerland ' s hills to Ireland ' s valley * , And Poland ' s sons banded _again , W & o will not wish God speed to snch a train 1 "" uT . _^ _lSse . _Awa _^ D Frssss &

      ! Rl

      ! rl

      Distress The Consequence Of Capital ;Br ...

      DISTRESS THE _CONSEQUENCE OF CAPITAL ; Br £ . G . Magcibe . London ; P . C . We-iley . 1 ( 8 , Strand . Tbe good intentions of the author « f this pamphlet amnt be doubted , and the ability with which he hi conducted his argument must be conceded , but _afor turately his suggested remedy * ftr the distress htso feelingly deplores is but a raises-able expedient , _**& h we must uniesitatingly condemn . Our author SB out by proving tbat distress , as s , class evil , sfe ? s no class bat the operative sod labouring - _" _asss , Qe examines tbe state of _lasdlords , capli & K , manufacturers , lawyers , medicals , writers , Sen . musicians , _scslptors , painters , _architects , _& ., _& ., showing tbat all those classes are wealthier of

      BJa _^ tanr former period their _exhteaoe . Indi-Ti _^ aai-distre's _mayexieiamongst them , bat this disires k not characteristic of any one of the . classes . lis duCress of classes is _confined to that _sultitufino-s tody which _induces all those who eaceive _jss _* _** . ar salaries , for _executing with their own _iadiihse which passes as the production of the _B- amfaetaring capitalist , er dealer who employs _^ fiE _* . Teasing the varlous _^ ivisions of this working "tor , and _esuiiug to the poorest—composed of some jdlficiEs—our author says , "The principle whkh P * _* eras the l & west class is , what is the smallest _fsa-ininf nourishment and _wnose which will keep _ffi _* _si 5 ' . ei ) te tlie quantity of labour required ? And aaiiii < principle alone which regulates the wages * - _¦* * _eeeeive , an * the hours of their rest . " "It is _Hkthsi . tiiat wc find to be deteriorating . "

      We _ouote the following from _JUr . Maguire ' s & cn * it

      WEALTH . _llfc & VJi is the power of obtaining tbe necessaries , _Kfirtnitnet-s and enjoyments of civilized life with _persaalKtrUen—in other words , the ability cf purchasing * - ± 3 _ai )! . _crs of others as a substitute for our own . __ _y « alih can only come into existence by the accumu . " ¦ son of excessive production . Thus : —when the total " ** anal produce of the agriculture of a nation exceeds _•*** total annual consumption , that excess becomes a _"tSfbandizable commodity to the nation . Ako , when _" _^ _iMal annual amount ofthe manufactures of a nation _fcsefe the total annual amonnt of consumption , that a _tie-romes a _nrsrcbandizable commodity to the

      nai 3451 . iSuth of those excesses are exchangeable for the I _Piiat _& ns of _ioreiguers . Both these foreign producl 4 _es cay 5 e consumed within the year , and there will be ! ** ** _cnniu * ation no wealth . At the end of a given _JiriotJ the ability of the nation to purchase the labour E _<** t _* trs as a substitute for it * own would not be greater _**& ai tbe beginning . - _"taiu : the annual consumption of foreign produce in "¦ sat - on may be greater iu amount than its own annual a «"» of production , and it would be in debt . The fo-• ¦ _* i * _n- ; r would have the power of obtaining its labour , _* i 3 fehe , the foreigner , was idle . Such a nation cannot I _JSass wealth .

      Hat , rrhea the total annual excess of produce above * = _ssnaiption , agricultural and manufactured , taken _to-S * - _* * r , exceeds the annual amount of foreign production _^ _asnnied in a nation that excess is wealth ! It has ' " ¦ a accumulated '; and , whether ia the former of foreign _PMtice , home produce , or the precious metals , it is the _^ _- _" _--nnlatiun of excessive production in the nation , and _f _^ _ust ' ie power of purchasing the labour of others . It - _^ iEaLT _h ! j _^ e source of this excessive production is labour . * » a labourer can gain sufficient wages to support him-~ _v _*** H < anilj by working eight hours per diem , and be j _/™ t < 31 . allowing the amount gained in the additional _£ _*> lours to _accumulate , every fifth year he will have put _^ _** _5 asnt to keep himstlf and family without working _£ *»• _lfliewere a shoemaker , and , at eight hours per " - ¦ " iro ' _aeed three hundred pairs of shoes in one year , _wiil of

      j _^ four years , by working ten hours per day , i' * J , n '' ** svet . y himan amount of labour equal to three * _^ _-ftd Hairs 0 f shots , or the _amount of labour of one t _^ . one year » at _^ S _" hours per day . Tbis , e . | ' _-ividn : > l , would be accumulated labour , excess _^^ _aac-Jou— -WEALTH . The possesso r could _com"^ la Same necessaries and enjoyments for himself _WiT '' _** _- - ' that year , without labour , that he had _t ' " _» be worked eight hours -per day . But the « _T 4 . ' Str lias been set to work by the capital of another , list as " _** tue additional two hours for the use of _•^ _'TiT ' Tlure is st 511 an accumulation of three a _^'^ s of snots ; they are the WEALTH of itti _^ * at _* lie excess of production is the same . It is i _^ f a ~ *' - labour , and has become the profi t on capital , **; anr ' atfca la _*>« ur . It is WEALTH to the possesj « f elfc . "" 'i " _* _* gtue tight hours per dayproduction to 4 eirr J '" " 5 uls ' - _-ieut for home cousnuiption , it has become 1 _^ ,. _^ ** _**^' _*>*< - commodity to the nation of three _-ff * _te . _¥ _&* _« f _iboes ; and it is the _exce- _'sin amouill " -fe _loia'f * * _»* oniinodiaes so accumulated over _ft ¦•' £ _aLTi UIn > li < , I - of : f _- ' 3 * iroduce that composes " _casital of the nation .

      Distress The Consequence Of Capital ;Br ...

      Bat tne total annual excess of produce above con-¦ nmption _, which forms the merchandixable commodity of a nation , may exceed the amount of forei gn produce consumed in it , yet not be sufficient to satisf y tbe foreign demand . There wonld then be a consumption among foreigners for that produce ; for excess of demand is competition ; and ft ere wonld be an increase in price . Tha merchant would receive in foreign produce a greater amount of labour for a lesser : tbe labour price of tbe foreign commodity would be reduced , tbat of the home produce would be raised . The merchant would enter into competition with the consumer at home , and not merely the excess , but the whole of that produce , whether manufactured or agricultural , would be purchased for tbe use of the foreigner , unless the home consumer agreed to give such price as should equalise the competition . This excessive demand would motive an increased

      production , a competit ion for labour , and , if that is deficient , a rise of wages . If this excess of demand were only for one species of produce , high wages would cause labour to be absorbed in tbat direction , until increased production in that _species , and increased wages in the others should bave equalised competition ; and , while the excess in demand continued , every species of labour would share in the advantage . There would , under snch circumstances , be no accumulation of native produce . The accumulated labour , or wealth ofthe nation , would be composed of the precious metals , or foreign merchandizable commodities , for which the native excess of production had been exchanged ; and the profit ou capital , absorbed in tbe accumulation , would be providedfor by a reduction in the labour price of the foreign commodity . Home labour would be at a premium . Wages would be high .

      Oa the otber hand : when the annual excess of the merchandizable commodities of a nation is greater than tbe demand ofthe foreigner , there will be an excess in the supply , and accumulated WEALTH of the nation will consist principally of home produce . Now , as the accumulation of produce , when the chances of sale are distant and uncertain , demands more capital than would be required for purchasing tbat produce for immediate use , there must be an increase of profit , when the sale occurs , to pay for the use of feat additional capital . This cannot be extracted from tbe consumer , by an increase of price , in a market where -the supply already exceeds the demand . Without the additional capital the labourer is idle . It cannot _fce obtained _without a profit j and , as tho labourer cacnot wait , be nrest provide for that prdfltby a reduction in his wages .

      By this means tbe _suf-ply is still increasing , There is now in the market tbe -labourers and tJie accumulated labour . If the _amoura-accumulated by the labour of one _-shoemaker , in four yeers , were three hundred pairs of shoes , or the amount of one year ' s labour , and every _sboemsfeer _hdil manufactured in tbat time an equa quantity above consumption , there would be so much _accumulated labour , -so much WEA _& TH to * he capitalist" : so much mesohandizable commodity to the _natioa . But how does this WEALTH affect the shoemaker ! Why , tho _? s would for thatjear be an

      aquivalent to double the < nnmber of shoemakers in the market . So many living shoemakers -seeking employment , and the representative labour of an equal number to enter into competition with those diving ones . J * ot an open , fair , equal . competition ; for the hollers of that representative labour are more interested in its _con--ssmption than inthe consumption of that which is -not jet manufactured . Could tbe capitalist then pay -the -same wages for manufacturing shoes at if this amountof accumulated _labs-ur were not iu -existence ! Certainly not , Aud if they could not be manufactured _forlcss-the ; would not be manufactured at all .

      The same excess of production that accumulated "labour-goes on to increased accumulation , but with-still _farther reduction of wages ; for the labourer must again provide the interest for the capital he has himself ¦ created ; andhe who formerly supported his family by his own exertions is now obliged _to-use the assistance cf his children , who , at an early ago , become competititors against himself in tbe labonr market . The consequence of reduced wages becomes the cause of farther reduotion , until tbe . price ot labour is diminished to tbe lowest possible amount tbat can keep labourers in existence . Further on we quote pur author ' s prediction respecting America . He is . seemingly not aware -that Ms prediction is already to a great extent a realized faet : —

      Let us . no _w-observe the condition of a labourer imwhat is called a poor country—a nation whose annual excess of home . produce abore consumption is below tbe amount of foreign produce consumed . in it . America for in . stance , gloriously in debt , and . owing money , as a nation , its productions have t _» pay . There the demand for labourers is _alcays greater than tha supply ; and the consequent high wages , bo far from rendeiing labourers more plentiful , increases the demand . The land itself , in America , may be called an _aeetmuiatec * demand for . labour ; and , _asthe redundance from agricultural produce from its -nature perishable—cannot be accumulated to a very great-degree , its excessive production reduces the _necessariesof lifetoalow prke , withoutatall

      operating npon wages . The nation is poor , while the labourer is rich . This _gaiinciple goes on , and must go on , until the land beeomes : property . Then , and not till then , may America expect * home-breed of labourers , _equivalents the home demand . Then will labour-begin to accumulate , and the nation toanerease in WEALTH . The merchan- ; dizable commodr _^ r . will have becomeabundant , when the , competition among the labourers shall have reduced ; them to the saute . privations as their brethren among the : wealthy nations ofithe Old World . Thatthisperiod wili arrive , even in _ABierica , there canbeuio doubt , and the ; greater freedom _iniheir institutions will only hasten tbe _arrival of that epoch when the _supply of labour shall . esceed tbe demand .

      We have no room for comment , we imust hasten to Mr . _ASaguire ' s conclusions . After showing that at the expiration of Borne ; four or five i years , an immense addition will be made to © ur pauper population , by the Annies of disbanded railway labourers ; tbat Corn Law Repeal , as a remedy for this pauperism will be proved to be all moonshine : that " education" as a remedy , is ali fudge ; lie comes to Ms own plan for alleviating the miser ** of millions , and saving the country from social _couvuteion : — * Le £ . Sfce _Legislature undertake expensive improvements , in _diffnrent parts of the kingdom , & o selecting as not to inter-fore with probable speculative' euterprizefrom other sources . Such works ns , though promising , eventually , n-hule er . partial remuneration for the lay out , do not offer _sotSoient assurance of profits to attempt tbe investment of _private capital in their execution .

      Let theoe works be a certain refuge to the destitute labourer ; asd make them the labour , test of the able-bodied applicant for . parochial relief , each Union paying in proportion to the number ofits poor . so employed . Au estimate may be made ae to the amount accessary to supply a working man or sroman with sufficient ofthe plainest -food , coarsest _clothiag , and merely wholesome shelter ; a * d let these publie works be always open to receive _libourersat the rates obtained from that estimate , whether on _Aheir own voluntary application , or a € the labour-test of _* be Union Workhouse . Thes ? public works may be called " Tie Labourers' Hefufce , " and be so « ondacted , tbat there shall always be _sufficient emp _lormentavailable ata living rate of wages ; . consequently , no prirate capitalist or speculator could _successfully offer lo « s .

      There will be no _diffie-jlty in selecting sites for this species if enterprize . 2 ? _uaierous occasions for desirable ami nsiiful improvements , which would repay , or nearly repay tbe money laid out , although not sufficiently profitable ki promise to attract the speculator , are in existence in every locality . Recovery of waste lauds ; recovery of lauds from the sea ; drainage , & . C ., ic , all demanding immense labour , offer themselves in erery neighbourhood . The revenue accruing from the completion of one uudertaking would contribute funds towards the commencement of another . Such is Mr . Maguire ' s panacea , " Most lame and impotent conclusion , "

      We should like to know in what respect the millions be would doom to Egyptian bondage , such as he has suggested , would be better off than slaves ? The builders ot the pyramids were not doomed to worse slavery than tbat Mr . _-Maguire suggests . Condemned to thc most painful toil , and most appalling hardships , their only , reward would be ' * sufficient of the p lainest _food ' _eoarsest clothing , and merely wholesome shelter . " Would Mr . Maguire call such men "free born Britons ? " Wc are prevented by want of room from offering further comment , save this advice to Mr . Maguire . If he is in earnest in his desire to alleviate the sufferings of his wronged fellow-countrymen , let him study what the Chartists are doing , and what tiiey aim at . Not this side ef the cultivation of every foot of Enijlisli _grouni , public and private , for the sustenance of the entire English people , will such a scheme as thatof Mr . _ilaguire ' s be needed , or be tolerated .

      " A time there was ere England ' s griefs began , When every rood of ground maintained its man •" and what has been , may be again ; or , rather a better time may come when tbe princip le proclaimed hy Goldsmith , will be more happily embodied . So say thc Land Democrats ofthe Chartist Co-operative Land Company , and they say true .

      •Vrfmmml And Remonstrance Req Pectixg Sl...

      • vrFMmmL AND REMONSTRANCE _REq _PECTIXG SLAVERY TO THE OI 1 URCHES OF THE _^ _iraD STATES OF AMERICABy the Synod ofthe United Secession Church . Glasgow : Russell , 75 , Argy ll-street . At the meeting of the United _Associate Synod on the Sih of May last , the following resolution was unanimously adopted : — Tbat tbe Synod , regarding fhe system of slavery as a heinous sin , and that of America as of a peculiarly heinoui and _aeeravattd character—and having ; , with these

      convictions , on former occasions addressed « ie _" * ? terian Churches of America in the language of faithful and earnest remonstrance , but hitherto without the desired effect , now feel it their imperative and solemn duty to express their unwillingness to hold _CLri-itian fellow _, ship with any Church which sanctions that system of iniquity ; and appoint a Committee to prepare a memorial _i-mliadying these sentiineirts , to be addressed to the Presliyttriau and otlier Churches in America giving their sanction to slavery—in that memorial remonstrating against this unholy thing , aud entreating thtm to put it

      _entirely away . ' 1 he memorial iaring been prepared by the Committee was adopted by the Synod , at their meeting in October last , * the said memorial constitutes the _pre-eat publication . This Remonstrance is temper-

      •Vrfmmml And Remonstrance Req Pectixg Sl...

      ately , but firmly worded , and has our best wishes for its success _.

      The Problem Solved. This Is The Title Of...

      THE PROBLEM SOLVED . This is the title of a pamphlet forwarded to us from America . It appears to be No . I . of a publication appearing , or intended to appear , under the above title ; and bears the imprint of " Thomas Varney , Editor and Proprietor , _Poaey County , Indiana . " The editor , it appears , hag been a Communist , but has become convinced by experience that communities are impracticable , and now aims at _establishing what he calls "the system of Association without Combination . " The editor is , however , only

      a sort of precursor prophet to Josiah Warren , who is the author of what he calls the system of '' Equitable Commerce . " Messrs . Warren and Varney proclaim themselves the champions of individualism , opposed to communism ; not such individualism , however , as at present exists , but a far higher and better order of . things , promised by so many Social Reformers , but not yet realized . How this is to be accomplished , the " Problem Solved" is to show ; but as we have only seen the first number , we cannot inform our readers of the solution . This publication also advocates the system of Phonography-

      Mackenzie's History Of England. (Portabl...

      _MACKENZIE'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND . ( Portable Penny Edition . ) London : E . Mackenzie , 111 , Fleet Street . ' From No . 2 of this excellent little work , which every working man should purchase for the instruction of his children , we give the following notice of THS _BE-fTt . _-d ' C- aT . The word "Heptarchy is derived from two _Greek words , meaning seven and chief . The term is applied to this portion ] of English history , from the Saxon pawer being held by seven kings . Kent r this kingdom commenced in 455 , and _ernSted in 808 * . its chief town was Canterbury . ' Sussex : or the South Saxons , contained the counties of Surrey and Sussex : it began in 477 , and ende 4 in 754 : chief town , _Chichestr-r . _TFessac , or "West Saxons , occupied the counties of Corn _, wall , Devon , Dorset , Somerset , Wilts , Hants , and Berks : began in 521 , ended 808 :: chief town , Winchester .

      Essex , or the East Savons , embraced Middlesex , Essex , and part of Hertfordshire : began in 327 , and ended 746 chief town , London . "Vortftumorfa , or tbe land north of the Bcmber , con--tained Yorkshire , Bcrham , Lancashire , Westmoreland , Cumberland , and _ItoTthuraberland _* : it _begsn 517 , ended 690 : chief tov » n , York . EastAnglia , er country of the "East Angles , consisted of Suffolk , Norfolk , Cam bridge , and _thelsle of Ely : be-: gan in 571 , ended 752 : chief town , DunwicSi . Mercia , or _Myrcna-ric , the _Woodland kingdom , contained Huntingdon , Rutland , Lincoln , Northampton , Leicester , Derby , "Nottingham , Oxford , Chester , Salop . Gloucester , _Worcester , Stafford , Warwick , Buckingham , Bedford , and Sertford : began - " 584 , -ended 82 S : chief town , Leicester .

      . Ttjihjcatio-Ss -Kew5wbd. " The Dreamer...

      . _TTJIHJCATIO-SS -KEW 5 WBD . " The Dreamer ' s Dictionary , being a key to night _viiions , and a sure and _« afe guide for explaining remarkable Dreams . " E . _Mackenzie , 111 , Fleet"The Chess Player ' s Hand look , with the rules of Chess , Draughts , ¦ Back-gammon , Whist , and Cribbage . " E . Mackenzie , Hi , Fleet-street . "Law versus Privilege : ; or , an argument for the Rights of tkc Electoral Body against thepower assumed by tbe House ' of Commons , to imprison the Representatives of the People . " Jamw Duffy , W , Wellington-quay , Dublin .

      ^~— « The Good Old Times." The Stranger ...

      _^~— « THE GOOD OLD TIMES . " The stranger who now visits the Tower is-shown the thumbscrews and other instruments of torment which formed part of the spoils of PhUEp _' _-s lost armadas . He views them probably with a devout feeling of gratitude for the defeat of the cruel and insolent Spaniard _, and perhaps exults , with a pride which ignorance excuses , in the idea -that his forefathers of that time were not as other men . Alas ! the use of these horrible engines of despotism and superstition was then a matter of every- _> day occurrence ; and " the worst atrocities of the Inquisition , even the ot & ttcttes of "the Bastile , might have been matched within a stone ' s throw of 'London-bridge . From the history of the " Trial of the Earl of _Somerset for the poisoning of Sir Thonm < G _* verbury in the Tower of _London-fjust published ) , we give the following description ot several instruments of

      TORTURE . The Rack was a large wooden frame -of -oak , raised tbree feet from the ground :: the prisoner wa « laid under it , on his back , upon the floor ; his wrists and ancles were attached by cords to two collars at the « nds of the frame , these ends were moved by levers in opposite directions , till the body rose to the level ofthe frame . ; . questions were then put , and if the answers did suit prove satisfactory , the sufferer was stretched mere and more , by the furttur elongation of the ends of the frame from each other , through means of the levers , until tiie bonei * . started from their sockets . The Scavenger ' s _Daughter , another instrument of torture used in the Tower , wasa broad hoop of iroa , con-« s'ing of two parts fastened to each other by a hinge ; it operated by pressure over the small of the back , and by force ofthe compression , soon caused the blood to flow from the nostrils .

      The 7 ron _Caiint-et , another kind of torture , served to compress the wrists and suspend the prisoner in the air , from two distant points of a beam . " I felt , " said F . Gerard , one of the sufferers by this kind of torture , ' the chief pain in my breasts , belly , arms , and hands . I thought that all the blood in my body had run into my arms , and began to burst out at my finger ends . This was a mistake , but zny arms swelled till the gauntlets were buritd within the flesh . After being thus suspended an hour , I fainted , and when I came to myself , I found the executioners supporting me in their arms ; they replaced the pieces of wood under my feet ; but as soon as I recovered , removed them again . Thus I continued hanging for the * pace of five hours , during which I fainted eight or nine time ' s . "

      A fourth kind of torture used in the Tower was called Little Ease . It was of so small dimensions , and so constructed that tbe prisoner could neither stand , walk , sit , nor lie in at full _lensith . He was compelled to draw himself up in a squatting posture , and so remain during several days . There is a paper in the Somers' Tracts , said to be written by Lord Burleigh , in whieh it is ' stated by way of apclu _* . -y , that" Campion , the Jesuit , wasnererso racked , but that he was presently able to walk and write . " This paper admits the treatment of Alexander Bryant , who ,

      as Wood says' " was tortured with needles thrust into hie nails , racked also otherwise in such cruel sport , an I specially punished for two whole days and nights with famim _* , by which he was reduced to such extremities that he ate the clay out of the walls of his prison , and drank the droppings ofthe roof . " Tbis torture by famine is justified in ihe above paper ascribed to Lord Burleigh , on the ground that Bryan refused to write , on being commanded so to do in the Queen ' s name , in order that his handwriting might be compared with certain traitorous papers fousd iu his possession .

      Focnierism.—The Writings Of Charlks Four...

      FocniERisM . —The writings of Charlks Fourier , the ce ebrated French Social Reformer , although extensively read on the Continent and in America , are but little known in this country . An associated body has been formed in London , entitled thc " Fourier Society , " for the purpose of publishing English translations of Fourier ' s works , tor this purpose , as the outlay of the society for publishing will amount to about £ 20 per month , donations are solicited with which to commence operations ; these donations may be sent to the society ' s publisher , Mr . W . Newberry , 6 , King Street , Ilolborn . Fourier ' s works will be translated by Mr . HughDoherty _, and will be published in shillinit parts , montbly .

      Thomas Moore , the poet , has been made a subject of general anxiety by a statement in a French paper , copied into the English _jpress , of his being seriously ill in Ireland . We rejoice to say there is no foundation for this report , nnd that the bard is in the best health at his cottage in Wiltshire . We believe he has recently put the finishing hand to his Irish history ; and enjoyed the relief from literary laliour with his noble friend the Marquess of Lansdowne , at Bowood . —Literary Gazette . Priming Ref . ' . rm . —Reading made easy , Messrs . Andrew and Boil , of Boston , United States , undertake to give one month's free instruction in Phonotypy to the following four coloured adults : —John Johnson , aged forty-eight ; Ann Dorrell , aged twenty-six years _; Elizabeth Thomas , a « ed

      twentythree years ; and Charlotte Murry , twenty-five years . On the 9 th of February last none of these persons knew a singlo letter of any al phabet ; they affirmed that they did not know thc top Crura the bottom of a book . On the 20 th of March they were presented for examination in the Ilall of the Phonographic Institution , Boston . It was computed that tbey had received altogether not more than seventy hours instruction . Their teacher began by ques ' tioning tbem on the elementary sounds of the English language , tlieir answers were prompt , and invariably correct . Tbey then began to read first words of one syllable , and then stories containing two , three , and four syllables with as inuch'f ' aciliiy , according to the testimony of the teachers present , as is usually attained by pupils in the old system after three _j-cars study . —Phonotypic Journal .

      Death of the Post Teomeu _.- —The * celebrated Dr Esaias Tcgne > , Bishop of VVexio , in Sweden , died at the Episcopal Palace in the said city , on tlie 2 nd . instant , aged C 4 , having been born the 13 tii November , 1782 . lie was one of the greatest modem poets , and his works Fritluofs Saga , Axel , & c , which are translated into the English anil m- st of the European l . _iti-• _niase ; . have been read with admiration and delight , not only in his native country , but almost all over the world .

      - Varfttfafc

      - _Varfttfafc

      Shabp Work "Fob Thk Etes.—The Editor Oft...

      Shabp Work "fob thk Etes . —The editor ofthe _Vtvay Times is so short Bighted , that he frequently rubs out with hie nose what he writes with his pen . — Cm . Sun . What a pity that the Sun editor is not equally short sighted . _—^ . Louis Gazette . First Prijiciples .-. The editor of the Richmond Star calls the clawing of a woman ' s nails in her husband ' s face " a resort to first principles !" Thk Priest and tub _Piater . —When Charles Keroblc was giving bis readings in _Shakspcre , in the North of England , he was introduced to a Dissenting Minister , named Hamilton , who addressed him thus :- —"" Mr . Kcmble , though I abominate the stage , and think the plavhouse a school of vice , yet 1 am a patron of Shakspere in my social hours , and am glad to have an opportunity of paying my peppercorn of

      respect to a gentleman , who , like yourself , has main-1 tained his respectability in an immoral profession . " A frown lowered on Mr . Kemble _' s brow as these words were pompously enunciated . " Sir , " was the reply , ' * in every profession , not excluding your own , men have so sinned as to sacrifice their lives to the offended laws of their country ; but , Sir , as regards the profession which I have the honour to represent , * it is a known fact , that no actor has ever been sentenced to death , or suspended on tbe scaffold . '" Equality . — "A people among whom equality reigned , would possess everything they wanted where they possessed the means of subsistence . Why should they pursue additional wealth or territory ? No man can cultivate more than a certain portion of the land . "—Godwin .

      Geruan English . —An English lady resident at Coblentz , one day wishing " , to orderot her German servant ( who did not understand English ) a boiled fowl for dinner , Grettel was summoned , and that experiment began . It was one of tie lady ' s fancies , that the less her words resembled her native tongue , the more they must be like German . So her first attempt was to tell her maid that she wanted a _sheeking , or keeking- Tho maid opened her eyes and mouth and shook her bead . "It ' s to cook , " said the mistress , "to cook , to put'in an iron thing , in a pit—pat—pot . " ' ¦ Ish _understand risht , " said

      the maid in her Coblentz patois . Its a thing to eat , " said her mistress , '' '' foi ' dinner—for dcenerwith sauce—soace—sowose . - " What on earth am I to do 2 " exclaimed the lady , in despair , but still made -another attempt . u It ' s a little creature—a bird—a bard—a beard—a hen—a houe—a . fowl—a fool— ; it ' s all covered with feathers—fathers—feeders i" " Ah , ah , " cried the delighted German , at last getting hold ofa catchword , " Ja , ja ! feddersjjawohl ! " and away went Grettel , and in half an hour returned with a bundle of stationers' quills . — Head .

      Height of _Inqe-iskwenkss . —To [ climb the housetop , and look down the chimney , to see what your neighbour has for dinner . _JNbgro _Condhscek-sios . — " Cuff , " said an American militia officer to a negro at his side , as he _prepared to swallow his seventh tumbler , " Cuff , you ' re a good honest fellow , and I like to compliment a man wot ' s led an honest life , even if he is a black—you -shall take a glass of something to drink with me , Cuff . " ** Well , _Ca-ptin . " says Cuff , wiping his mouth with his coat sleeve , " I ' se berry dry , so 1 won t be ugly'bout it . "Some niggers is too proud to drink with a milishy _ossifer—but I tink a milishy ossifer , when he ' s sober , is j is as good as a nigger , especially if de _n-gger ' s -dry . Vanity Rbboked . —A foolish fellow was hoasting before Cicero of what his ancestors had done lor Rome . " You . need not remind us , " said the orator , " that the _geese'once saved the capitol . ' "

      Plenty of © bass . —A young man said toSophocles , " If you could coin all the Bilver in your hair , how rich , old man , you would be ! " ' * Not half so rich as you would be , -young man , answered Sophocles , " if you could only sell all the brass in your face . " A Kefutakon . — That instead of its requiring , " nine tailors to make a man , " one tailor has all the qualities of nine men : — 1 . —As a-Olsofc he has a _roajt goose every day , 2 . —As a Navigator he shapes bis course _^ g Ms needle . 3 . —Asa Gardener he sows Ms rem and cultivates his ¦ cabbage . 1 . —As an Actor he performs on the boards , and bran--dishes a b < xU » £ Hn . 5 . —As a Clergyman or reformer , be . meiide old bad _babils . ti . —Ab an Exeoutive , his _meastina are taken according to circumstances . 7 . — -As a Sure , yor his _rig / it lines and . angles are directed to certain points .

      • 8 . —As a witty , sarcastic Po i ' _tiotuii , he _makcB _hispomi cut keen . 9 . —As a Schoolmaster , he ''teaches the young idea Jiow _toshoot / ' _-and hastes when necessary ! A Peep asso Sherwood _Foiissi . —Scarcely were we seated in our pleasant hut when there came birds of various kinds , _yellowhammers _, gorse-linnets , with their rosy breasts , pi » J wagtails , and the graceful yellow wagtails , wincliats ofthe _rwhent colours , titlarks , and wheatears—all came to drink and cool _themselv-ea , U was beautiful to bee them in tlieir happy freedom , believing themselves unobserved by man . Into the translucent waters they waded up to their very necks , singing in their delight ; and some stood perfectly still , enjoying the cold liquid

      as it streamed through their feathers ; and others dipped and fluttered it over _theirjbodies , and made a ruffling and a seuiRing in the brook that was truly delightful to _^ _see . Asth eBcfiuwaway , others were continually coming and taking their places . It was evidently a fashionable _batliiu- _; place with them , and that obviously bcciiutic tlie scream here was shallow , running over thc clear bright gravel most temptingly and accon . odatingly . It was a peep into the life of these lowly but lovely creatures which is rarely attained , and for the rareness of which we have to thank our tyri auny . The happy creatures seldom stayed long ; the sense of duty lay even upon thorn . They had ilieir household cares , and their young families , in the bushes , and amidst tbe shaggy retreat ol' the moorland . —William Howitt .

      Koum ) . \ bout _Expiu-ssioNs . —In some instances , rounuab'jut phrases arc all very well , in others sadly out of place , such as a signature to a letter iu the Times the other-day*— -- A Parent , but not a Father . ' It took us one minute and thirty-two seconds to discover that this was intended to signify the fact of the writer being a mother . Only . think of little Ani / a Matilda addressing her ' ma as follows" Parent but not my Father , wilt thou favour me with another of the cups which cheer but do not inebriate . The Toils of a Newspaper . —Newspaper literature is a link in the great chain of miracles which proves the greatness of England , and every support should be given to newspapers . Tlie editors of these newspapers must have a most onerous task . It is not the writing of the leading article itself , but the _obligation to write that article every week , whether

      inclined or not , in sickness or in health , in affliction , distress of mind , winter and summer , year after year , tied down to one ta ? k , remaining in one spot . It is someting like the walking a thodsand miles in a _thousand hours . I have a fellow feeling for them , for I know how a periodical will wear down one ' s existence . In itself it appears nothing—the labour is not manifest ; nor is it the labour- it is the continual attention which it requires . Your life becomes , as it were , the publication . One week is no snonei * corrected and printed , than on conies the other . It is the stone of Sisyphus—an endless repetition of toil—a constant weight upon the mind—a c ntinued wearing upon the intellect and spirits , demanding all the exertion of your faculties , at the same time that yeu are compelled to do the severest drudgery . To write for a paper is very well , but to edit one is to condemn yourself to slavery . —Captain Mirryat .

      A Braxch LiiVE . —An undertaker in Shoreditch Liidon , has written over his shop-door , " patronised by the Eastern Counties Railway . " Service op Danger . — " A Guardsman , " writing in reply to ¦• Miles" in the Times , alludes to the great morality in the Guards , consequent on the hard and _c-insta'it duty which that corps has to perform . No doubt the London campaign from May to August , is very tr ing to Guardsmen . Late hours and want of rest must do sad injury to their constitutions . They must suffer a great deal from the season , It is wonderful , indeed , that more of them are not _barraised to death by the fatigue-duty of polkas and waltzes , and that they do not fall in even larger numbers from the balls—though without powder—to which they expose themselves . —Punch .

      llOLVHOOD Palace . —Why will not Dukes march a little with the times ? Why will men with coronets lag so lamentably belSnd steam-boat stokers and omnibus drivers ? Wo have penny and twopenny rides by land and water , for which heretofore we paid sixpence . Why , then , if palaces are made howplaces of—why should we not have palaces like pineapples , for the million ? llolyrooue Palace is the property of tko Duke of Hamilton , and , though all Edinburgh is almost at a boiling heat—whobbling to a civic riot—at his shamefully high charges , he will not exhibit his royal cobwebs and spiders ata reduced price . Neither will he separate tlie exhibition ; showing—for a _proportionate sum—the spider without the cobweb , or thc cobweb without the spider . This is too bad . N iy , were we not speaking of a Duke , we should say it was shabby .- —Punch .

      I Louis Philippe and the Polks . —1 hat nobleminded , most ingenuous monarch , Louis Philippethat Napoleon of Pence—lias attacked the _PolUi cause in Paris through its pocket : — The editors of three papers , entitled "The Third of May'" the " 1 ' _oliah Nation , " and the " Polish Democracy , " had heeu cited before the Tribunal of Correctional Police , for the non-fulfilment of certain 1 ' ormulities , aud for omitiug to deposit in the Treasury a security of 50 0001 * . each . The object of that measure was evidently to obtain the suppression of those _juuruuls . " Gold is tlie old man ' s sword , " says the poet ; and —the Napoleon of Pence , sheathing the homicidal steel—stabs and cuts the throat of freedom with a weapon of more precious metal , ¦ Ilosays ho abonii nates bloodshed ; but docs not scruple to knock down Liberty whenever he meets her , with a money-bag . — Lunch .

      Lateral Intentgime*

      _lateral _Intentgime *

      Aofmiax Enucatton. — The Catechism Used ...

      AofMiAX _EnucATtoN . — The catechism used in the government fC * iools in Austrian Italy teaches that deseters from the army will be punhhed in the next world with eternal damnation . , _Suhstitdtk fob Potatoes . —A Swiss journal states that the bulb of the dahlia , when dressed like potatoes , affords an excellent article of food . An Interesting Memorial . —The DronM lamp , which is said to have first suggested to Galileo thc theory of the pendulum , is still suspended in the nave of the Cathedral at Pisa . It is of fine workmanship .

      AtfOTnEn Rotal _Pa-oper . —It is said that to the pension list is to be . added the name of tho Duchess of Inverness , wit . ' ti a pension of £ 1 , 000 per annum . [ Last week Ann Ryan died of starvation ; others of the plundered people are perishing for lack of food . Englishmen ' . tihink . l The Numkkrof _Nkoho Slaves in countries calling themselves Christian , is estimated at 7 , 350 , 000 . of whom _thei-e are 3 , 000 , 000 in Brazil , and 2 , 730 , 052 in happy , free America . TnB Scott _Monuuent . —Up to the present time , the Scott _monumout has cost £ 15 , 650 . There are 56 nicheayct to be filled with statues ofthe principal characters in Sir Walter ' s works .

      Wisg in Time . —The French Government have been advised to prohibit the importation of venomous reptiles for menageries . Ifc is said that if a pregnant female rattle-snake were to escape , the breed would be established in France , Subkf . -- Every part of the globe , from the regions of the torid zone to the cold frigid climate ot Iceland , is inhabited by the sheep . The Poor in the par North . —Sir Edward Coffin is at present in Shetland for the purpose of inquiring into the state of the poor . Bad Half-Sovereigns . —The public should be on their guard _arninst bad half-sovereigns , composed of a sort of metal resembling zinc and gilded by the ehctro-platinf" process . They are not easly to be detected by thc ring , and they are well executed . The deficiency of their weight , however , immediately shows they are counterfeits _.

      Importation of Venison . — Venison , imported whole from Hamburgh , was offering in Hull shambles on Tuesday at 6 d . per lb . for foreparts , and Is , for haunches . Railroaos in _inE Papal States . —The railroads determined upon are the following :- —One to the Neapolitan frontier , by the Valley del Sacco ; one from Porto d'Auzio to Rome ; one from Rome to _Civita Vecchia ; and , lastly , one from Rome to Ancona , and from thence to Bologna , following the ancient Via Flaminia-Emilia . A New Wav op Hearing ™ e News . —A fellow climbed one of the poles oftlie electric telegraph , in West Kent , the o » . her day , and applied his ear to the wires in order to hear the news . Death of Rear Admiral Thomas White . —We aave to record the demise of this gallant officer , at the age of 77 years . «

      Dissent . —Mr . _Hanstie , the new Provost of Glasgow , is said to be the first Dissenter advanced to that office . A Family Affair . —It in extraordinary faet connected with the murder of the policeman at Bristol , that the murdress , after committing the deed , went in a fly to the station house for the purpose of surrendering herself , she was driven there hy her own brother ; [ the sergeant who received her was her stepfather _; and the housekeeper at the station house was her own mother . The Jews . —The Grand Duke of _Mecklenburg-Schwerin has just addressed a rescript to the head of the Jewish communion in his dominions , _declaring that after St . John ' s day , 1847 , the annual tax paid by the Jews shall be suppressed .

      Defalcation of a Clerk . —A man named Kenneth Sunderland , a clerk in the employ of Mr . Chas , Wace , meat salesman , Newgate-marl ? et . has absconded , takingwith him upwards of £ 266 . Prince and Princess Czartoryski . — Notwithstanding all reports to the contrary , it appears that the sequestration of the property of Prince and Princess Czartoryski , in Gallicia , has been legally notified to the parties in Paris . Great Barracks—Government lias just concluded a purchase of about li acres of land , on the east side of Birmingham , for the erection ofa great central barracks for England . Convicts . —There are about 1000 convicts employed on the new works at Gibraltar . Piceon Flight . —A few days ago , a celebrated pigeon , the property of Mr . Lawfbrd , of Brixton , flew from thence to Brighton ( 52 . miles ) in less than an hour .

      G * u . v Cotton . —Dr . Murray has called the attention of the Secretary of the General Post Office , to the exce «( li _« L ureal danger of transmitting gun cotton by post , on account of its inflammable nature . He says it will explode at a temperature not exceeding 78 degrees of Fahrenheit . The Tga Plant in France . — The Journal des Debate says experiments , recently made , have proved most bati 6 factorily tbat the tea plant can be grown in France . Mr . Grant-lev Berkeley conceiving that he has used stronger terms towards Mr . Harmon Visger than the points of difference between them called for , has apologised .

      Thousands are _Starving . —Rear this . —A wealth ) tradesman of Birmingham , whoso intellects have been disordered by a tide of prosperity , and who labours under delusions that he is God , Christ , Napolcon , & c , and th . it he is attended by several Dukes of Wellington , has been found insane by a jury . Meeting of Parliament . — We are enabled to confirm the report that Parliament will meet for the despatch of business on Tuesday , the ltlth of Jan , next —Observer . Many French Workmen have been engaged for the newly established glass works at Hull . From Lille alone twenty men have already set out , and fifty are expected to follow . A Hint to Young Ladies . —A surgical writer atributes high shoulders , and deformities of tlie spine , to " the abominable practice of undressing girls necks as low as the banging of their clothes will permit . "

      The Papal States . — The _. Pope has issued a decree calling into operation that ot 1732 , declaring the ports of Ancona and Sinigaglia free ports . Bonding warehouses are to be established in both places . A Bologna letter ofthe 5 th states that the Pupe , in consequence of the frequent collisions between the Swiss garrison of Bologna and the Papal soldiers , has ordered the Swiss to march to Rome . The Electric Telegraph . —Workmen are engaged laying down tho electric telegraph * from the Nine ( Elms along tin ? footway on the west side of Lambeth Place , Keuningtun . The Istumus of Panama . — At a late meeting of the Geographical Society of Berlin , M . Ritter spoke in high terms of a plan for cutting through the Isthmus conceived by Prince Louis Napoleon , during his confinement at Ham .

      Great Storm . —Liverpool and its neighbourhood was visited by a severe storm on Friday last , which caused great destruction of property . The Bey of Tunis . —Ahmed Pacha , arrived on Sunday , at 1 o ' clock , in Paris by a special train ofthe Orleans railway . Thc Bey immediately proceeded to the palace of the _Elysee-Bdurbon , where apartments had been prepared for him and his suite . A Modern Samson . —On Monday evening one of the most herculean feats on record , was performed at Jim Burn ' s , the Queen ' s Head . Great Windmillstreet . A native of the south of France broke with his fist various stones placed before him on a _blaclc-Mnith ' s nnvil . He split a cobbler ' s _lnpstono in hall , tho diameter of which was three inches , and shivered into fragments an immense flint stone , weighing close upon twelve pounds . There is no deception of any kind , a towel being merely bound round the hand of tho marvellous stone-breaker .

      Great Western . —A great convenience and accommodation has just been provided atthe Paddington terminus by the appropriation ofa waiting-room , well warmed and lighted , for second-class passengers . Similar accommodation has also just b . en provided b > the company for passengers travelling by thc _tiiird-cla 83 . The Kino without a Tiiromk . —The Count de Montemolin _, or , as he is called b . v his adherents , bis Majesty Churles Luis , King de jure of Spain , arrived in the metropolis on Sunday night . Railway Notices . —A London Gazette , published on Wednesday , contains sixty-nine notices of application to Parlament for Railway Acts during the next session .

      Giikat Influx op Shipping . —The westerly wind' for the last five days have brought up the homeward bound Meet , and on Monday and Tuesday upwards of 300 vessels were hauled into the West India , _£ ohdm , St . Katharine , Grand Surrey Canal , and Commercial Docks . New Polar Expedition . —At the last meeting of the Royal Geographical Society , it was announced by Sir J . II . Pelly , that the Hudson ' s Bay Company had fitted out a well equipped expedition , for the pur . pose of surveying the unexplored portion of thc coast on the north-cast angle of the A merican continent , I he expedition started in two boats , on the 5 th of July last . India Salt Monopoly —Wc understand that no fewer than nine memorials have been forwarded to the authorities against the salt monopoly . They emanate from commercial bodies in Chester , Worcester , Blackburn , Manchester , and Liverpool .

      _lua CunoEN National Tribute Fund has this thi 3 week reached the sum of £ 77 .-173 4 s . Sd . Out-Pensioners of Chelsea _Hosi _* iTAL _.--T-Froiiia ' n official document it appears that in 1 S * 13 there were 70 , 002 out-pensioners of all branches of the army on the _establishment of . Chelsea Hospital . The Drunken Miller The other day , a miller going home from Penrith market , " rather fou , " had to cross the line near Castlegate . lie was told by the tradesman that tho engino was coining ; but he said , " 0 , d n the engine , it moin stop till I se „ ver — I ' ve waited for it mony a time . On en mo the _fire-hewe into contact with the fool ' s cart , liter-

      Aofmiax Enucatton. — The Catechism Used ...

      ally knocking it off the line , and turning it topsyturvy . The madman escaped with some bruises . Coal in tub Pyrenees . —The Count de Cast « llane has , it is said , after a heavy expenditure in searching for coal in various points of the Pyrenees , succeeded in discovering some rich beds near _Bagneres . Fuse Tribe in Sweden . —The Swedish council of state is , by order of the king , preparing a bill for theabolition of all corporations of trades , and oYory * other restriction upon the freedom of trade in Sweden . Aberdehn University—Th ; Earl of _FJli-* mere has been elected Lord Rector of the University of Abe rdeen for the ensuing year . Mutiny Prevented .-Orders havo been given to allow tobacco , as formerly , to the men in the Queen ' s ships while lying in harbour .

      The Military force in England —It ia rumoured that the whole troops stationed in England will be stationed in three central depots—Woolwich , Birmingham , and Newhaven ; to cover thc metropolis , the manufacturing districts , and the southern coast . Stipendiary Magistrates in tub Metropolis . —* The mag istrates of thirteen police courts iR the metropolis are paid £ 1 , 000 a year , and the chief _m-isis * trate £ 1 . 200 . There are twenty-two at £ 1 . 000 a year , andone at £ 1 . 200 , making £ 23 , 200 a year paid in salaries to magistrates . Revising Barristers . —The barristers _appointed to revise the lists of voters are paid £ 210 a year _, each , under the 6 th Vic , c . 18 . By a return made to Parliament it seems that _seventy were appointed , and consequently they received £ 14 . 700

      The Post-office . —We havo heard , on what we believe to bo good authority , that Colonel _Maborly is about to retire , on his full salery , from the office of secretary to the Postmaster-general , and that ho will be succeeded by Rowland Hill . — Manchester Guardian . [ Way should Colonel Maberly have a full salary , or any salary fordoing nothing ? _1 The Late Lord Metcalfe . —A subscription will shortly be set en foot forthe _purposeofrflisinsi'ii suitable monument in Canada to the late lamented Lord Metcalfe . Mr . _CnARLEs Dickens arrived in Paris , on Sunday , on his return from his tour in Switzerland . More Bishops . *—We have been informed , n n good authority , that the question ofthe Welsh Bishoprics is satisfactorily arranged ; that the two Welsh Sees are to be preserved ; and that the See of Manchester is nevertheless to be erected immediately . —Guardian .

      The Will of the late Patrick Maxwell Stewart M _. P _., for Renfrewshire , was made in 1840 . He _haa left to his brother , Captain Houston Stewart . R . N _., all his possessions and estates at Charlotville , Tobago , with the crop , plant , engines , building , & o . All his heritable property nnd other estates in Scotland he directs his executors to dispose of as they think best , the proceeds to form part of the residue ol his general estate . His personal property in Ens-land was estimated at 30 , 000 . He bequeaths £ 8 , 000 and half tbe residue to be held in trust by his executors for the children of his deceased brother , John Shaw Stewart , to be equally divided among them . The deceased was unmarried , Opening of tiie Tu » brid : _ii * Wells Extkssion Railway . —After many postponements , the extension branch line of the Tunbridge Well- * Railway was publicly opened on Wednesday for passenger and other traffic .

      Collision on the Manchester and BIk " m" :: _S ' - ' . _* M Railway . —On Tuesday morning , the train which leaves Manchester for Birmingham at twenty minutes before ten o ' clock , was detained upwards nf thrpe hours , in _cnscqucnce of coming in collision _""ith a train of coal waggons , which was proceeding on the same line of rails in the direction of Manchester . One of the passengers had three or four of his front teeth knocked out , with a splinter of the jawbone adhering ; another received a cut across the forehead . The Bank Robbery at Messrs . Rogers ' s . —From information that has recently been , obtained that it is expected will throw some light on this mysterious affair , the offer ofa reward of £ 3 , 000 . together with her Majestyis pardon has been renewed . New Governor of the Island of Ascension . — Captain _Hutton of the Royal Navy , has just received the appointment of Governor ofthe Island oi Ascension .

      Inspector General of Railways . — Captain Joshua Coddington , ofthe Royal Engineers , Deputy Inspector General of Railways , has been appointed Government _Inspector General of Railways , vice Majo General Charles William Paisley , G . B ., resigned . Representation of Manchester . —The Whigs and Conservatives threaten to combine against Bright John of Rochdale ; they are in treaty with a gentleman to oppose the " buttonless blackguard . " Accident on the French Northern Line . —On Friday last the large wooden building at Lisle , which was recently being prepared for a waiting room for passengers , fell with a frightful crash . The Paisley and Renfrew Railway , was last week snld to the Ayrshire Company .

      iiia Cat the Mouse and the Railway Train . — On Friday morning , the early railway train between Kendal and Lancasterran over and killed a fine black eat . which was crossing the line with a mouse , and was too intent .. upon ber prey to notice the approach ofthe engine . The cat was ' afterwards found completely cut in two , with the mouse firmly fixed between her teeth . Lots of Bibles . —In Scotland alone , from January 1 S 45 , to January 18 iG , sixteen editions of the Bible were printed , consisting of 812 , 000 copies . _Nkll _Gwv-nn _' s house —The house in Pall Mall now 0 "cupied by the Society for the Propagation of tha Gospel was originally granted by Charles IL , as a freehold , to Nell Gwynn . The Pope . —Tho life ofthe Pone is said to Le not safe . Every article of fond is cooked in his presence . When he goes to mass he takes the wafers with him .

      _Lxgiavd ' s Prosperity . "lie saw a pig which cut its own throat , As it swam with va 6 t celerity ; And tlie tlevil he smiled , for he thought all thc while Of England ' s commercial prosperity . " Devil ' s Walk . * A Thief catcher turned _Tuiff . — The police superintendent at Stroud lias sudtlenlv departed as a defaulter to the extent of between - £ 200 and £ 300 . Fact for _thr Naturalist . —Mr . Lodge , of Bartonstreet , Gloucester , has had for two or three years a tortoise , which crawls about the house , and has become a ? ort of a pet . Last week the animal laid , on fhe . _simo day , two eggs of a brown colour , having the appearance of" monster" marbles . Mr . _Coiidkn at Cadiz . —A grand banquet was given to Mr . Cobden on the 10 th inst . by various proprietors and merchants in that commercial city . __ M . Odillon _BiRROTis " starring" it at Constantinople .

      Suicide of ax A ustrian * Co . vsul . —A letter from Constantinople , ofthe oik , says : — " Two days ago a loud detonation was heart ! to proceed from the house inhabited by M . dc Cliabert , consul-genera ! of Austria at Smyrna . On proceeding to his room he was found lying in the bed with his skull factured , and the pistol with which he had effected this rash act by his side . New _Bisnora . —We understand that Archdeacon Shirley will be the new Bishop of Sodor and Man . Naval _Fonc-fs of Tunis . —There arc at present in the harbour of Toulon four Tunisian vessels , the Dante steamer , a corvette , and two brigs . A frigate and another brig bearing the same flag arc expected , which will complete the assemblage in the same French port of the whole of the naval forces of Tunis .

      A Corn Riot , which at one time threatened serious results , toolc place at Tours , on Saturday , A large mob assembled in the co : n market , and ap . pearcd disposed to proceed to extremities . A detachment of tho National Guard being insufficient to disperse the mob , a company of infantry of thc lino was called out , and stoned were also thrown at them , by which some of the men were wounded , but they kept back the mob at thc point of the bayonet . A detachment of lancera next came up , and stones were thrown at them . One of the soldiers was s , everely wounded iu the head . Several arrests were made , and it was Imped that quiet was restored ; but in the evening there was another riot , which was with difficulty suppressed by an overwhelming armed force .

      Dreadful Accident at Constantinople . —On tho Cth in-. tnut a most dreadful accident occurred at the no w government Iron * works—a large chimney was in course of construction , under the Charge of Armenians , aided by English engineers , and had been carried to the enormous height of 250 feet . It slid , ind iii its fall destroyed the lives of 50 workmen , and wounded SO or 100 . The Cholf . ua in Bagdad . —Letters from Bagdad , of October the loth , state that the cholera , after committing dreadful ravages in that city , had almost disappeared . It was about the end of September that it appeared there , and hi less than a fortnight _it _ earned oft -l , 00 o persons out of a population of 35 , 000 . Electric Telegraph 1 Jf PRUssiA .-The Gasetu de Yoss states that tho _Prus-ian Government has forbidden railway companies to construct electric telegraphs on their own account , and preserves to itself this modo of torwarding intelligence .

      The Two Monterey ' s . —Some of onr correspon-. dents are puzzled at or . r report of naval operations and laud victories in Aloiitcrey , Now , bo it known to all men and women , who will not look on the map of Mexico , there are two Montereys in the enemy ' s country . One is in north eastern Mexico , it is an inland citv , and is now in possession of Gen . Taylor . The other is in California ; is a seaport on the Pacific Ocean , and is now in possession of Commodore Stockton . When we speak of the army at Monterey , therefore , wc mean Monterey in tho interior ; and when we speak of the ships of war at Monterey , we moan tho city of that name on tho west coast . —New York American Sun . . s . / The Tkabs of Avarice . —Alexander wept—poor ,. tender-hearted fellow—when there were no more " worlds to conquer . Louis Philippe , it is said ,, _hear-, ing of the wealth of Miss Burdett _Coutts , burstrintO tears , not having another son to marry . —Punch ;/

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 28, 1846, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_28111846/page/3/