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Northern Star (1837-1852), 28th June 1845, Edition 3 of 3, Page 7, jteuet ifntruigttift*

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      Jome 28, 1845. The N0rthern Gtar 7

      _JOME 28 , 1845 . THE N 0 RTHERN gTAR 7

      /Mr Ign Ib-Otometttfc

      _/ _mr _ign _iB-otometttfc

      "And I Will War, At Least In Words, {And...

      "And I will war , at least in words , { And—should my chance so _happen—flesds ) , With all who war with Thought !" " I think I hear a little Krd , who sings Thepeople by and "by will be the strongw . " _—Bieou

      Monie Video And Buenos Ayres. Mr. Gore O...

      _MONIE VIDEO AND BUENOS AYRES . Mr . Gore _Ouseley appears to be very tardy in his fflovements ; at the latest accounts from Brazil he _fed been at Rio , from which port he sailed for Buenos Ayres on the 22 nd of ApriL So that to the beginning of . May the iniscreant Rosas had been allowed to _con-OjiTie his atrocious war against Monte Video _unthe cked and undisturbed . That city yet defied its _j _^ es ers , bnt its champion Rivera had experienced a defeat at the bands oi the Buenos Ayrean General _-jjjqi-ha . The accounts of the battle wliich have _^ ched this country are so conflicting tbat no dependence can be placed upon them . According to _ta « Buenos Ayrean version the defeat of Rivera was complete and most sanguinary , S 00 of his followers

      caving been slaughtered and 350 taken prisoners The opposite version represents the defeat of Rivera a a mere " check , " of ao great importance . By tome accounts Rivera , is stated to have taken refuge _within the Brazilian territory , where himself and jbUowers were immediately disarmed by the _authorilies . By other accounts it is stated that a few only _sfhHMowerehavesonghttlmt-rerage _jBjvEBAnimseh" remaining at the head of a considerable force _Vjthin the Banda Oriental One tiling is _certainjjjs unnatural and fatal war yet continues . Blood is poured out in torrents , commerce is destroyed , and _crilisation is retarded , because the British and French governments will not say " stop" to the miscreant Rosas .

      In the articles which appeared in this paper of April 26 th and May 3 rd , we urged the intervention li'ihe British Government to put a stop to tiie war in the river Plate , on the grounds of humanity and _iiEtiee . Wc demanded lias intervention that an end _iingbtbepnt tothe effusion of blood in the Monte Videan territory , and Monte Video be saved from the iorrors which would certainly be its doom should it * _ail into the hands of Rosas , and that the treaty securing the independence of Monte Video should be enferced and maintained , seeing that England was a _narty to that _treaty indeed , its principal author , _aud ' therefore bound in honour and justice to guarantee its integrity .

      In the articles to which we allude we said nothing _ibwit the commercial view of tbe question , the great icinry done to the British trade by the continuance - .. finis desolating war : this is a view of the question -- hick is , however , much more likely to interest a large and influential class in this country than any _tonaderation of political right or moral justice . We are sorry this should be fhe ease , bat we believe it to be so . To all , then , disposed to inquire into the effects ofthe La Plata war en British commerce , we -recommend a perusal of an able pamphlet by the Editor of lie Liverpool Times , published at the office of that paper , Castle-street , Liverpool , which cannot fail to _"Satisfy them that a regard for the interests of British _ttmnicroe should of itself be sufficient inducement to _HnH fo insist on the intervention of the Government ( iftliiscountry .

      The only extract from this pamphlet we can afford rwa » for , is the following description of the capabili ties _<>*¦ the rivers La Plata , Uruguay , Parana , and _iiea tributary streams , which are at present bloek aaed , or access denied to them by Rosas : — - _¦ * : is not generaUy known , although it is very imports- - .: that it should be , that this trade amounted in 1842 , " schilling both imports and exports , to upwards of three _njEions sterling , at the port of Monte Video alone . It » still , however , in its infancy , and requires nothing bnt a is ** - years of peace , with the introduction of steam _naviga--26 * 0 on tbe Parana , the Uruguay , and their tributaries , * . t _> give an extension which -will render it of vital _iinporlasi- _* - io the merchants and manufacturers of England . The Parana and fhe Paraguay , together , are known to be

      navigable to Assumption , which is fifteen hundred miles ieove linenos Ayres , to vessels drawing nine feet water , asd there is every reason to belief e that both those rivers _ndght be navigated a thousand miles higher by iron * : tamers , sneh as those recently built at Birkenhead _, by order of the East India Company , for the navigation of the Indus and the Sutlej , the former of which , when carrying guns and troops , draw only iwr feet water , the latter i _« f winch , when loaded in the fame manner , not more than two ahd a half . The r-mgnay is equally navigable fer several hundred miles to _*!;«• Salto Chico ( the "Uttle leap ) , and if a short canal was ivz , to torn that rapid , and the much more formidable one _(• _: the Salfco Grande , It would be navigable for many hundr * d miles shore the Falls . Several of the tributaries of these gigantic streams are larger than the Ithine , the 231 k , or the Tagus , and great numbers of them than the Thames or the Mersey , and the whole of tliis vast

      _network of waters is connected with the still more stupendous river of the Amazons , by ** - short portage to the "Madeira , one of the principal tributaries of that king of rivers . The natural products which these unrivalled lilies of river communication might be made the means of bringing to tbe ports on the rivers Plate and Amazons are varied and _inexbsnstible . In addition to the large raj-plies of hides , wool , tallow , and provisions , which _ifct « countries now furnish , Paraguay and Corrientes are capable of supplying the finest timber for _sbipbaiiding purposes , sugar the growth of free labour , the rf 5 " kinds of tobacco , cotton-wool , dyewoods _, drugs , tlic tta cf Paraguay , and the precious metals from Bolivia aril the back provinces of Urazil . It is now only twenty or thirty years since steam navigation was introduced on it Mississippi , and the consequence of its introduction j " -cs _th-t-n an extension of cultivation and population , such I as ihe world never before saw . The natural resources of

      _'i-t-rrtat valleys ofthe Parana , Paraguay , and Uruguay , _iLtrdv require to be developed by the same means to make H . 'jwt : Video and Buenos Ayres as flourishing as Sew ( _hl-tan-v and to ma"ke the commerce of tbe Biver Plate _rivid tiiat of the Mississippi . It is perhaps rain to hope tli * -: anything wiU induce the present Governor of Buenos Aw to abandon the suicidal policy which is at once im-/ tdiag the intercourse with the interior , and depriving j _. a : city of the principal benefits of its unrivalled position ; i - ..: tliis only renders it the more necessary to keep open tit only other course , namely , that through the Uruguay , li which the resources of these vast countries can be _rri-agiit into activity . 'flat may be Mr . Gore _Ocsei _^ _t _' s instructions we _kume sot , bnt we do know that two years and a half

      * _ao Lis predecessor , Mr . _Maxdevbu-b , solemnly •'' edged the assistance and interference of his Go-• ernment to aid the Monte Videans from being tru 5 Led , and to put an end to the war ; and that t _' _jst pledge , np to this time , has never been fulfilled _, _fe reason given by Sir Robert Feel for the _non-^ ahuent of Mr . _Masbevole's promises is , thathe _toi exceeded his orders in giving them . Be that as n may , those promises were most influential a _simulating the Monte _Aldeans to protract ' _s * -var , and encounter the sufferings they have since _fedared ; and we fidly agree with the author of the p-iQpMei "before ns , that " " It is no longer a question _w whether an independent Government , formed _itlcr the mediation of England , shall be sacrificed ,

      « m _alting witii it the peace which it has so long been * _£ * means of preserving between two of the most -arwiant states of South America ( Brazil and Buenos - " _"* ?¦ " _*«); neither is it a mere question of whether the uaintrrial intercourse with the finest regions of that _?• _**" _"* _£ continent shall be carried on without _impedi-T _* * - ' . it b » ot now even a question of whether a _fsftidly Uoveranient shall be destroyed and all _conktted with it rained : these considarations , great as - _*? are , yield to the consideration that the honour ' - : iiK conutry has been pledged by its aii-- . ' f . - *! representative , and that promises have been 5 -to tvhk-li cannot be violated without deep disgrace - '• " -a * hitherto unBullied honour of the English lit ;* "

      t ' _-MTED STATES . —THE _ASTI-REXT MOVEMENT . »<• aarc received Xo . S , of thc Albany Freeholder , f - % Mh : bv-the-byc _Xos . 4 , 5 , 6 , and 7 , of the _' ' _¦' . hlJfr have not been received at this office . The _*¦ _^ _' -Ittiit Movement is by no means put down . At _*!««• called Livingstonville , the sheriff of Schoharie f ' attended by a force of sixty or seventy per-*** tad " weeded out" a Mr . D . L . Sternberg , an _^ Renter , depriving him of house and home . At _^ t _rj _. _lat-c—T-ig heanick , Columbia county , ( N . Y . ) ' -- ' - -- _•¦«••»"" and liis men trying on the same system , 3 ' * hilst engaged in tearing down thc house , _& %

      - > - <• surrounded bv a body of Indians ( Anti-• -S _!? -5 w ludian disguises ) and driven away : the _•^ S and his men getting a taste of buck-shot by _*•? k _qaickening iheir retreat ! These things read ; - _* * i ) ge a * taking place in Republican America . One v _^ _f- _r" _** tfeat we was reading of Ireland , or the :- ; _* p _* _-Ii _IJigblanus , rather than tbe land of Washr _> _-V _*** -JeiTerson . The Anti-Renters are , _how-^• Qauiing municipal and legislative power , and _« w _* * % hring _hmdlordism to the dust . Anti-* V i iC ! s seem to exist in other places than New j . ** state . "He-find i _» the same number of the _^ ' _-- _'' { i- the following paragraph : — ;_ - ' _-i i TB < ilBLt 1 S Iowa . —There is trouble on tha half

      - _i-U _^" " _^ " ¦ y * A o reat _^ citement prevails among _^ iJ _^*" _'** - * They have repeatedly met under arms to i _.-lifl ' sale of the lands "by the Sheriff , under a _;;^ " "favour < _. f the _Xew York Company . More tliau _i _.-i r * _^ en arms aith e last accounts . Those lands [ ¦ _-. ' _-f ¦?* - _"onthern jiaiis of Iowa , very valuable , and _in-*^ ' . ' ' '*' ' . a place probably destined to "be larger iff _•*;• ' other on the Mississippi north of St . Louis . — _T " _w _*« t ., MaylZ < Ji . _"CvT * saffie paper is an able editorial article in _' _Tt 4 *** _'* * * 'ritei * argues that " no human conclave , _U * " _^*^ nibled in the palace of the Czars , or in ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ' V S _^ of tI , e Indian—whether met together _S * -:: _Ft «* Hall or in thc capital of Washington _^ fia ' j rt _f " g ! lt to mate conditions of government at t 4 _*!« d ' _l ' A _* _^* gnnple principles of justice incul" _•"• _Wt _? _^ and' nature . " 'J ! hat Jaws founded on " > s h . _^ 5 a _« " utterly void . " That mot _**» mw » . H " . _** i _P ana ** hat "this thing , this land _mono-«' rtai _4 _^ r -- _^ ''ess- created or King-created , or % -ubM , , MJ ± n » must fall thronghont this whole

      The Land! "Within T*Ai Land Was Many A M...

      THE LAND ! " Within t * ai land was many a malcontent , "Who enrs _' il the tyranny to which he bent ; The soil full many 3 wringing despot saw , "Who _work'd "his wantonness in form of law . _JBjiron . " A people among whom equality reigned , would possess everything tbey wanted where they possessed the means of subsistence . Why should they pursue additional wealth or territory ? 3 fo man can cultivate more than a certain portion of land . "— Godwin . "Xooneis able to produce a charter from heaven , or has any better title to a particular possession than his neighbour" —Paley . "There could be no s uch thing as landed property originally . Man did not make the earth , and , though he had a natural right to occupy it , he bad no right to locate as his property in perpetuity any part of it ; neither did ihe Creator of tbe earth open a land office , from whence the first title deeds should issue . "— Tliomas Paine . The land shall not be sold for ever . —Moses .

      " There is no foundation in nature or in natural law why a set of words upon parchment should convey the dominion of land , ** _—Blacksiorxe . " The land or earth , in any country or neighbourhood , with everything in or on the same , or pertaining thereto , belongs at all times to the living inhabitants of the said country or neighbourhood in an equal manner . Por there is no living but on land audits productions ; consequently , what we cannot live without , wc have the same property in as in our lives . " —Thomas speixee . " The land is thepeople'sinheritance ; and kings , princes , peers , nobles , -priests , and commoners , who have stolen it irom them , h « ld it upon the title of popular ignorance , rather than upon any right , human or divine . "—Feargus O'Connor .

      "My reason teaches me that fa-id cannot te soM . The Great Spirit gave it to his children to live npon , and cultivate , as far as is necessary for their subsistence- , and so long as they occupy and cultivate !" - , they have the right to the soil—but if they voluntarily leave it , then any other peoplehave a right to settle uponit . _Kothing can be sold , but such things as can be carried away . " —Black Hawk . "Every individual possesses , legitimately , ihe thing which his labour , his intelligence ( or more generally ! which Ids activity has created . " This principle is inconte 5 tible , and itis well to remark that it contains expressly an acknowledgment ofthe right

      or au to tne soil , tor as the soil has not been created _' by man , it follows from the fundamental principle of property , tbat it cannot belong to any small portion of the human race , who have created it by their activity . Let us then conclude that the true theory of property is founded on the * creation of Vie thing possessed . ' "—Fourier . " If manias aright to Ugh * - , air , and water , which no one will attempt to question , he has a right also to the land , which is just as necessary for the maintenance of his subsistence . If every person had an equal share of the soil , poverty would be unknown in the world , anil crime would disappear with want "—Mike Walsh .

      "As the nature and wants of all men are alike , the wants of all must be equal ; and as human existence is dependent on the same contingencies , it follows that the great field for all exertion , aud the raw material of all wealth , the earth , is the common property of all its inhabitants .- ** —Jolm frauds Bray . " * What monopoly inflicts evils of sneh magnitude as that of land ? It is the sole barrier to notional prosperity . Thepeople , the only creators of wealth , possess knowledge ; they possess industry ; and if they possessed land , they could set all other monopolies at defiance ; they would then he enabled to employ machinery for their own benefit , and the world wonld behold with delight and astonishment the beneficial effects of this mighty engine , when properly directed . "—Author of the "Reproof of Brutus . "

      The Scotch Poor Law System. The Expose O...

      THE SCOTCH POOR LAW SYSTEM . The expose of liis lord-godship the Duke of Sutherland , given in onr last , will , we doubt not , have fully satisfied our readers—supposing them to have had any doubts on the matter—as to the utter _heartlessness , unmitigated selfishness , and grinding tyranny of the " order" of which "his grace" is so eminent a member . It is , therefore , not necessary that we should travel from Dan to Bersheba—from Johno ' _-Graafs to the Lizard point—exposing the mal-administration ofthe soil on the estate of each particular landlord . To attempt this would be to engage in an endless task , compared with which all the labours of Hercules combined were a joke and ft pastime . We shall probably , therefore , content ourselves with exposing any new atrocities that may arise from time to time , similar to the " weeding" at Glen Calvie , and

      the " evictions" in Ireland : to which we may occasionally add some facts illustrative of the condition ofthe peasantry on tbe southern side of the border . In setting down the Duke of Sutherland as a repre sentative of his class , it would , however , be unfair were we toleave the reader to infer that all landlords have pursued and do pursue the same _cohkc of " extermination '' which characterises the rule of the northern autocrat and his deputy-dictator , Loch . On the contrary , there are exceptionary instances highly honourable to the character ofthe parties concerned . For instance , the Duke of Suthew _^ -s-o _' s neighbour , Sir George _Slnclaik , by acting on a system the reverse of that acted on by "hisgrace , " has proved himself—so far as the system wul admit—a worthy steward of a public trust : the portion of the land of which he is the holder . The Times' " Commissioner "

      says : — "Instead ofthe wretched bothies crowded in clusters , and then some twenty miles without a cottage , which is the characteristic of Sutherland shire , and scarcely a man to be seen employed , throughout Caithness , a dozen miles from Suthei _* - l . uidsliire , there is scarcely a bothie to be seen , bnt every 500 or 600 yards there is a good stone cottage , often with a little garden to it , and evidences of comfort about it . The whole land is cultivated , and there is scarcely a field without men and horses in it labouring , and women weeding and stone picking : the women get wages of Gd . to Sd . a day . The two chief towns of Caithness axe large and populous and town-like ; and , besides the herring-fishing , there is rope-making , flag-cutting , stave-sawing , tubmaking , ahd boat and ship-building to a small

      extent , carried on . " The writer then gives some tabular statements , showing the progression of Caithness as compared with Sutherland since the year 1801 , proving that Sutherlandshire under sheep-farming and clearances has remained stationary for _twenty-seven years in its rental , and , for forty years , in its population ; while Caithness , under _agricultare and small farms , has more than doubled its rental , and its population has increased above onethird during the same periods . " This , " adds the writer , "is conclusive enough as to Sutherlandshire 'improvements , ' witliout taking into account the vast mass of misery and the wretched population they have created . " The 2 _emc < " commissioner " adduces numerous instances ofthe warm-hearted and active benevolence of Sir Georgr SixcLAm ; and though in Caithness , as elsewhere , the aged , infirm ,

      and helpless suffer from the want of an efficient system of Poor Laws , yet it is cheering to know that the " good landlord , Sir George , " does his part in _aueriatmgwhat any one individual must be powerless to altogether remedy . The conduct of Sir George _Sisclair is the more conspicuously admirable from the aristocratieal selfishness which characterises the greater number of his " order ;" and that , too , in his own neighbourhood . When Sir George Sincxaie was a member of the House of Commons , we judged him by his acts and speeches to be one of the best men sitting there : and glad we are to learn that his public was butthe index of his private conduct—that the just principles he advocated in the senate he acts upon in his social relations with those committed to his care . Wonld that there were more _Siscuurs 3

      And there are more—we cannot doubt it : and to them be all honour . We certainly have no veneration , no love , fov the present system of land-holding , no matter what the character of the landlords : but where good men are found at the head of a bad system—a system which was not framed by themfar be it from ns to write one word derogatory to their good name . We , of course , do not consider women working in the fields for 6 d . or Sd . a-day a veiy admirable state of things , even witli the superintendent benevolence of a Sir George Sisclair ; still we fear whilst the present system of land-holding lasts , such a state of tilings is likely to last too : and consequently the more necessary and the more grateful is the kindliness and benevolence of such men as the Caithness _taronet .

      Having done justice to Sir George Srxcum and the minority— " few and far between "—of landholders—not _land-oitsicrf—of whom he may be considered the representative , we would now desire to forthwith address ourselves to the great inquiry of these articles— " To whom does the Land belong , and who are its rightful lords ? " But another subject ( connected therewith ) presses for immediate consideration—viz ., the Scotch Poor Law system and its proposed amendment . The projected amendment of the present laws providing for the relief of the Scottish poor is now under the consideration ofthe Legislature ; and in afew weeks , for good or evil , may become the law of the land . This is a subject that cannot be delayed . The Lord Advocate ' s BUl once law , may cost years of wearisome _asitation to procure its amendment—and

      God knows it will need no little amendment if it pass in its present 6 hape : it is therefore indispensable that wc devote to it as much attention as possible wliile passing through the Legislature . Tliis question once disposed of , we shall pursue our inquiry into the r _iglitsf ?) of the land plunderers : in the meantime the publication of the facts _wlativo to the treatment ofthe Scottish poor , will show how wickedly our northern aristocrats hare abused their power and privileges . The Scottish Poor Law Amendment Bill should have gone into committee on Monday night , but on that evening , " on the motion of the Lord Advocate , the Poor Law Amendment ( Scotland ) Bill was committed pro forma , and ordered to be recommitted na TlmrcfUti t /' nniaht" So that the discussion of

      the measure , clause by clause , is again postponed to Thursday next , the 3 rd of July . This delay is of value to thc people of Scotland , if they will but take advantage of it . Again , therefore , * we must ur « e upon them thc necessity of moving iu the matter tor the obtainment of as good a law as they possibly can induce the Legislature to adopt , provided the Government is bent upon forcing the Lord Advocate s bill tlirongh Parliament this session . To us it appears most desirable that no Act on the subject should be made Jaw this session . The Lord Advocate s bill is not understood—is not known ; and it is most necessarv that it should be fully comprehended by the Scottish people before it , or any version of it , is made law . It is a repulsive task for us to advise delay , when we know the

      The Scotch Poor Law System. The Expose O...

      amount of wretchedness unrelieved in Scotland , and which must remain unrelieved until the present system be altered , together with the fact of another winter necessarily intervening before that system can be changed , if the bill now before Parliament is net made law during the present session . But , however great the evils of the present system , better that system should continue for another year than that the Lord Advocate ' s deforming scheme should become law—a scheme calculated to make bad worse , if _xvorse be possible . We would advise , then , that the Scottish constituencies should instruct their representatives to do their utmost to delay legislation on this question until next session . If this be done , the public mind will , no doubt , by February . 1846 . be so

      fully informed on the defects of the Lord Advocate ' s bill , and so fully enlightened as to what ought to be the amendments to take the place of those defects , that something like a decent measure may be obtained from the Legislature . But , as the bill may pass this session , we must add to the above advice what we insisted on last week , the necessity of imme diately getting up petitions to the Commons and Lords , pointing out the defects of the Lord Advocate ' s bill , and praying for such amendments as the petitioners may deem to be in accordance with the principles of justice , and necessary to meet the wants ofthe Scottish poor . We now request the attention of our readers to a further consiueration of the existing system . During the sitting ofthe General Assemblv of the

      Church of Scotland ( before the Free Church secession ) in 1838 , the Lord High Commissioner communicated a letter from the Home Secretary , having for its object to obtain returns in regard to the maintenance ofthe poor in Scotland for the year 1835-36-37 . This could not be resisted , and accordingl y the returns were made , compiled in areport given in to the General Assembl y in the year 1839 , the returns being made by the ministers of all the parishes in Scotland . Though furnished in every instance by interested parties—no poor man , no labourer , no Dissenting minister , no schoolmaster , no medical man having been examined—yet tbis report , furnished of itself , to every impartial mind , a body of evidence most damnatory to the character of the landlords and clergy , the self ¦ '

      -appointed guardians of the poor , " and most convincing as to the wretched state of the " pauperised" portion of the population . The Report proved , in the words of Captain _Tnoxisox , treasurer to the Edinburgh House of Refuge , that" the grand object kept in view , by almost every parish , is the possibility of evading the duty of relieving the poor . The point most earnestly sought after by them ( the Kirk Session ) , is not whether there is a certain amount of pauperism , calling for an equal amount of definite relief , but what is the smallest practicable amount whicli they can possibly be obliged to give . " We cannot afford space to extract from tins report ; but as a specimen of its general contents , taking the extreme south and the extreme north of Scotland ,

      we may notice the returns from Ruthwell , in Dumfriesshire , and Criech , in Sutherlandshire . In the returns from the former parish we find it stated that a woman eighty-one years of age , and f _* 6 eble , received £ 1 5 s . a year . A woman of eighty-five , with no means of support , - £ _] 2 s . a year . An old blind woman , £ 1 19 s . a year . A feeble woman of seventy-four , with a daughter deaf and dumb , £ 1 Os . a year . A paralytic woman of sixty-one , £ 1 9 s . a year . A woman of eighty-nine , feeble and blind , £ 1 $ S . This is in ev & of the parishes where ihe poor are best treated—a parish situated in one of the richest agricultural counties in Scotland , and which was the first in that country to enjoy the benefits (?) of slh ] aving banks , introduced by the

      [ parish minister , "Dr . Dcscas . So much for one of i the " model parishes . " Come we now to the opposite extreme , Criech , where , according to the return made to the General Assembly , 137 " paupers'"' had [ 18 * 5-36-37 ] divided amongst them £ 17 Js . l Od . x jearhj . The sums paid to each were not all alike : some got as high a sum as three shillings yearly ( 2 ) , but some received only one shilling yearly (!) . That is , the best provided for bad allotted to them less _thant-Arecfourtks of a penny weekly , and the worst had less than one farthing . The English reader may rub his eyes , and refuse to believe what he reads . We cannot help it ; we merely repeat what the General Assembly unblushingly proclaimed : themselves proposing ne remedy for this monstrous scandal on their country and

      creed . This picture of one of the best and one of the worst—we should think the very worst—parishes in Scotland , will give the reader a pretty correct idea of what was the general character of the returns on wliich the General Assembly ' s report was founded . Preceding and following this report , the publications of Dr . Auso : * tended much to rouse public attention to the subject , and make known the wretched condition of the Scottish poor . Seeing that the Whig Government gave no sign of legislating on the General Assembly ' s report , some time in 1840 an association was formed in Edinburgh to promote a further inquiry into the causes and extent of the alleged sufiering , and generally into the management of the poor of Scotland . At this the Scottish heritors took

      alarm ; a meeting called by circulars , issued to all parts of the kingdom , was held in Edinburgh , of which the Earl of _Lavueeoavs , was chairman , and at which as many of the nobility and gentry as could be mustered attended , to protest against any further inquiry that should not be conducted by themselves . The Earl of Lauderdale opened the meeting in a " decided" speech the Earl of Dalhousie "followed on the same side , " and the Marquis of Twcedale , who could not attend the meeting , " cordially approved of its object . " Speeches were made by other landlords , and resolutions passed denouncing the threatened inquiry . Amongst other worthies who were present wasa Mr . Dempster , one of the principal heritors of the unhappy parishof Criech ,

      who made a furious speech , denouncing all inquiry , and declaring there was no necessity for it ; impudently adding , that there might be some distress in the country , bnt that it was much " exaggerated . " Next the Tories came into power , and the public opinion in Scotland in favour of some change and amendment in the existing Poor Laws gaining ground , the _JUnistry . at " _length consented to institute an official inquiry : accordingly , in January , 1843 , a commission was appointed to institute " a diligent and full inquiry into the practical operation of the laws which provide for the relief ofthe poor in Scotland . " The report of that commission , dated May 2 , 1844 , was _pre- _* _ented'to Parliament last session . On two oi three "points" of that report wc beg to make a few observations .

      The commissioners state the following as to the class of persons entitled to relief . These persons " are those who are either wholly or partially disabled on account of age or infirmity , cruiked folk , sick folk , impotent folk , and weak folk ; those who are "broken down or disabled by old age , those who are afflicted with any disease of a permanent nature ivhieh incapacitates them from work those who are insane or fatuous , and children , whether orphans or foundlings , are considered proper objects of relief . There is great repugnance to afford relief for illegitimate children ; the burden of maintaining such children being , in the opinion of many , properly thrown on the authorities ; at thc same time relief on account of illegitimate children , is not anywhere denied in case of necessity . Such persons may he called permanent poor , and ave placed on the parish

      toll , hut , to the able-bodied poor , except in cases of fever or other epidemics , relief is seldom afforded ; and when given , is rather , expklate than ex lege , —more a matter of compassion than of right . It has been laid down that such persons cannot have recourse to any compulsory means to enforce their claims , and that they depend entirely on the voluntary charity ofthe public . In Edinburgh , Glasgow , and some ofthe larger towns , this principle seems not to have been so rigidly observed , and ablebodied persons , labouring under temporary sickness , are not unfrequcntly relieved . The recent depression in trade caused the question as tothe right of < Me bodied persons to demand relief , to be frequently agitated ; hut we find that the universal practice , with a few exceptions in one or two country parishes , has been to _rej ' tue relief hi sucli eases , and the pressing wants of the able-bodied have been met hy other means , such as subscriptions , Sic "

      The commissioners were forced to acknowledge that in some places the relief given to the poor was inadequate for their support ; this , however , is very cautiously expressed : — We are of opinion , that the _fnxxds raised for the relief cfilicpoor , axxd the provision _ruadt for tfier / i out ofthefuxxds raised for their relief , is , in many parishes thronghoitt Sectland , insufficient . The relief " in many parishes is insufficient . _' " Such are the terms in which the commissioners express theu- sense ofthe wretchedness of thepoor , and the grinding cruelty of the poor ' s " natural guardians . " But they qualify even this ; in the very next sentence they say : —

      it is undoubtedly true that , without referring to the Border parishes , in which the allowances made are well known to be high , there are many other parishes in various parts of Scotland , in which , on examining the actual state of the paupers on the roll , and comparing their condition with that of independent labourer ! -, we have found it Utile inferior . The amount of the money allowance made by the administrators of the poor fond gives , in most cases , but a very imperfect notion of a paupers resources and actual means of livelihood . There are very few of those receiving relief in the country parishes who are not able , in some way or other , to earn a little towards their own subsistence : besides which , the standard of living varies so much in different parts of Scotland , tbat with one shilling a week in one parish a pauper may he in fully as good a condition , compared with the independent labourer , as he would be with two shillings a week in another _.

      Let our readers imagine how well a " pauper must be able to live on Is . or 2 s . a week , under any circumstances ! The "high allowances" in " the Border parishes , " our readers will understand by such sums as that paid to the woman of eighty-nine , "feeble and blind , " in Dr . Duncan ' s " model parish" of Ruthwell—fl os . a year ! Of course everybody knows thai the "paupers" have other " resources" ihan the parochial _allowance to subsist on . No one imagines that the Criech " pauper" exists on his onefartiiing , or even three farthings a week ; he , of course "has other means of living—those means being begging , vagrancy , and , perhaps ( In some cases ) ,

      The Scotch Poor Law System. The Expose O...

      thieving . By begging g thieving the pauper manages _Bomehow to Eve , and we are told his condition in many places is bat "little inferior to that of the independent labourer : " if this be true , what a picture does it disclose of the state ofthe "independent labourer . How truly pauperised , how wretched must be the lot of the industrious toiler when his condition is scarcely one degree superior to that of the law-made " vagrant ! " What a commentary on the system which robs the wealth producer of the fruits of his industry to pamper the useless drones ot the community ! ° { the law , as applied to the rural population of the Lowlands , the commissioners gay : — This Una Korks admirably at the present time , nor can we foresee the likelihood of any such change of circumstances in the agricultural districts as should render its material modification necessary , or even desirable .

      Now , against this , we will content ourselves with quoting evidence given before the Commissioners as to the state of the poor in Dunbar and Haddington , towns in the highly favoured county of East Lothiana district described as a place of " * fertile plains , well manured , and teeming with produce , where cattle , sheep , and horses are equally fat ; everything , in short , is well-fed and well-housed , except worn-out ploughmen , widows , and orphans . " 'In the evidence the _Prc-v & st of Dunbar states that he Has been connected with the council for sixty years . The magistrates have not taken any charge of the poor funds for many years . The whole management is left to the Kirk Session . Witness considers that the poor of the town are very scantily provided for . He cannot tbink that 2 s . or 3 s . a month can be sufficient for them . Mniiy of those who have onl y 2 s . ov 3 s . a month have nothing to depend upon except the charity of tbe public . Hie opinion would not be altered if he _fciieiu that some of ( kern hud lis . or Gs . a month .

      What is the provision for the sick poor , we hear from Sir . Turnbull , surgeon , who is paid indeed , but at thereto of six guineas a year for attendance and medicine * . — Has been a medical practitioner in Dunbar since September , 1832 , Has been employed by the session of Dunbar to attend the paupers upon the poor-roll ever since he commenced practice . Is paid a salary of £ G Os , a-year for so doing , which includes medicine , as well as attendance . Sometimes there is a good deal of fever among the poorer classes . Last year tliere were about fifty cases of fever but only two of them were fatal . In visiting thc houses of the poor , he finds them in many cases very insufficiently provided with the necessaries of life . They have always beds , but the bedding is always

      insufficient . Witness considers tliat the poor are more liable to disease on account of the insufficiency of their food . Typhus fever is the most frequent disorder amongst them . Witness can hardly distinguish the poor on the roll from the other classes of poor . There is no dispensary in the town , and tliey all eome to him alike . There is one thing which tends greatly to aggravate disease amongst the poorer classes generally—that when they arc ill , there is great difficulty in procuring for them the necessary quantity of common food . A certificate is required for every loaf of bread that is given out by the session in cases of illness . There is al 60 the greatest difficulty in procuring wine or cordials . In the fever with which the town was visited last year , wine and cordials w « re more necessary for the cure even than medicine .

      Come we now to Haddington , the Provost of which states that he Has been seven years Provost of Haddington , and has been forty-five years resident in the town . He is in the habit of attending the meetings of the heritors aud Kirk Session relative to the management of the poor . He has always been of opinion that the allowances to the poor bave been too small . When the poor have no friends , their livelihood is generally ehed out by begging _. Dr . Cook , the minister of Haddington , shows that The ordinary allowance to a single old person is one shilling and sixpence a weel _* . An old man and his wife would get about two shillings and sixpence a week . A widow with four children under twelve would get two shillings and sixpence or three shillings a week _.

      These are the " high allowances" of the "Border parishes !" "With regard to the neighbourhood , Mr . Graham , minister ot North Berwick , shows the same neglect of the sick poor ; and though the place is famous for its farming , there is great distress even among the able-bodieitlabourers : — Nothing is paid by the session for medical attendance on the paupers . Witness has proposed to the heritors that this should be done , but it has never been adopted . There is a doctor resident in the parish ; lie supplies both medicines and attendance out of his own pocket . There were a good number of men unemployed in the parish last winter during two or three months . Ko relief was given them , except by private charity . They were veryeager to work , but could not find employment . Tbey were persons of good character , and had "been provident when in the receipt of wages . . . ...

      So much for thc districts where we are told the law " works admirably , " and any interference with which the commissioners denounce as the " veriest wantonness of innovation . " The further examination of this report we must defer till next week . Thc above article was already in type when we received the following report of a highly important meeting held at Aberdeen , to consider the Lord Advocate ' s Poor Law Bill . We beg our Scottish friends to carefully read the report , and weigh well the " amendments" which are demanded by the people of Aberdeen . To us it appears tbat these " amendments" are admirably designed to make any law that may be passed containing tliem , just in its objects and efficient in its practice . From this meeti

      ing we begin to hope that , our northern f ' rien

      prior to and since the enactment of Poor Laws , botli in England and Scotland * , contrasting the first enactments of Poor Laws with the amended English law and the intended new Scotch one . The resolutions moved , and the petition founded thereon , were unanimously adopted ; in which petition numerous amendments in the bill pending are prayed for . The most prominent were—that w property , both in towns and country , should be equally assessed _^ without respect to the number of poor in cither , or in any district ; and the amount deposited as a central fund from which all the poor may be equally supported , according to their necessities , wherever located ; the rate-payers to elect the local boards from time to time , each rate-paver havine : an equal voice , without

      regard to the amount of his assessment ; the local boards to report the number and circumstances of the applicants to the general board of commissioners of the general fund , who are to order payments accordingly , but failing their orders not giving satisfaction , the sheriffs ofthe counties to be empowered to decide , both as to the right to support and the amount of tliat support , and failing his awards not giving satisfaction , that an appeal lie to the supreme courts ( Court of Session ); and that a lawyer or lawyers be appointed , of high standing as to honour , talent , and practice , with a salary from Government , to plead the cause of the poor , not as at present , where , in each district , one ofthe youngest , and conseouentlvofleastoractice , without salary or fees , is

      gencrall y selected for that purpose . A general assessment would _-requiro i \ o _pai'teh settlement , as it would not matter where the applicants resided , whether in towns or country . It would also do away tiie despicable and expensive process of hurling them from parish to parish , as if they were unclean beasts ; and also stop litigation betwixt parish and parish , wasting the poor ' s funds , and filling the pockets oi lawyers instead of the bellies of the poor . It would also he a means of putting a stop __ to the cold-blooded and inhuman practice oi sweeping thc poor , aged , and infirm from the face of God ' s earth—which has been and is still prevalent in the rural districts ; and it would also save to the country the expense of _dictating those bastiles called workhouses , with theii

      cruel and expensive devil-commissioners and managers , where many die , unseen , from starvation anil ill usage , and asmany from self-destruction , rather than be immured in them , as is _proved by the verdicts ol the coroners' juries in England . Yon will be at no loss f o judge the class that got up this meeting , when I tell you that our petition is consigned to the care of Mr . Duncombe . Would to God we had a score like him in that unholy house called St . Stephen ' s , where the doxology is— "GOLD is the God wc adore !" The conductors of the Northern Star and the Times newspapers deserve all praise for the interest they

      have taken in the cause of suffering humanity , in exposing the cruelty practised in Scotland and her _Slcn-Calvies . If you have not received a move detailed account of om * meeting , 1 hope you will give tliis a place in your first impression of the Star , it being read from John-o _' -Groat ' s to Maiden Kirk ; embracing a larger circle in Scotland than any of our local papers . 3 t will bethe means of arousing many other districts to examine the subject , and you will receive the thanks of all classes—except dukes , lords , < tc , who , if they could see you and the oditor ofthe 7 y ** ic » * dangling on the gallows tree , would dance your " dairgy" at the foot of it . —Cormwndent .

      THE ENGLISH PEASANTRY . The following account of the condition of part , at least , of the labouring classes in the county of "Wilts was given by two farm labourers at a meeting oi 1000 persons held at _Uphavon , in that county , the week before last : — William Perry , a labourer , living at Charlton , said he had come forward to speak to his fellow-labourers , and hc had no reason to be ashamed lo speak before any man , Hc had five children , the eldest ten years of age , the

      The Scotch Poor Law System. The Expose O...

      others of the age of eight , six , four , and three , Hehad Is . a _xreck to maintain this family , If any person present could tell him how to manage Ms for all to have enough he should be glad . There were twenty-one meals to be provided out of 7 s ., leaving no provision for clothes , tiring , candles , and soap ! "When he came home two or three of the children were generally gone to bed , but when he came in they began crying , "Father , bring , me up a piece of bread . " He had often heard this cry during thc winter , and even within the last week . What could hc do ' . —he had no bread lo give them . Theu there was rent and shoes to be paid for at Michaelmas . How could he do this in an honest manner 1 His desire _whb to live

      honestly , in a Godly way , but he could not do it , Perhaps he met a man to whom he owed money ; of course he did not like to meet him . These were not the feelings of an honest man ; but what could he do ? If tliere wcre not some good and charitable people in the country he should be starved —[ voices— " The same here , " and " 'Tis too true . " ] He ivas thankful God had spared liim and his family to the present moment . This day he hud walked three and a half miles to his work . He took a bit of bread with him , and had a drink of water ; and

      had a little whenhe got home . [ " We all know that ' s true . " A voice— " What makes you tremble so ? " ] If I had been home to a good supper and a quart of good ale , I should not tremble . He ivished every _Idboux-iny man to have _tlivee or few _ncres o / Uind at the same rent as the farmers gave . They would pay this and le glad , [ loud cheers , and cries of " Yes , yes and we would give a little more than tliat . "J Yes , said Perry , we don't mind 10 s . an acre more . This speech was received with loud marks of applause , and repeated confirmation of the truth of the statements contained in it .

      Ozias Sealey , a labourer , also came forward , and began by saying he was going to speak the truth . He had eight children , and his wages were 7 s . a week ; he had laid out 00 s . during the past winter in potatoes ; that was enough to pay for an acre of land if he could get it . The children wonld jump across the house if they saw a couple of potatoes , and quarrel whicli should have them . It was enough to drive a man mad . When he came home at night , and found them crying for food , and he had none to give them , it almost drove him mad ; he could not stand it another winter , _WJiatiMwldtJie gentlemen think of this , filled as they were vsilh the roustXteefand sherry viirte ? When the poor man WftS _hmffls _ifi _liea-vtsn , W * Knew not where the rich would be . [ Several people exclaimed that every one with families was in the same state , and many others would have come forward to speak , but were kept back by fear . ]

      Here is the disease , the cause , and the remedy , clearly pointed out by the victims . The disease is misery—almost unparalleled misery , as evidenced by men tilling the earth for 7 s , a week—able-bodied labourers "trembling" with hunger—Englishmen "almost driven mad" by the cries of their hungry children for bread ! The cause is as plainly evidentthe monopoly of the soil in thc hands ofa few to the exclusion of the many , which , preventing the working man toiling in the' * sweat of his brow" for bread , raised on his own plot of land , compels him to pay 50 s . for bought potatoes . The remedy is equally plain —the restoration of the land to the labourer . All William Perry wishes for is "three or four acres of land , " for which hc is willing to give " the same rent

      as the fanners give ; " and " others in the meeting added tlicy " would give a little more than that . " Ozias Sealey would gladly pay 50 _s . ( rent ) for an aero of land If he could get it , hut he cannot get it . Here are the fruits ot' the large farm system , the commons hclosures , and the other agricultural "improvements" of the last fifty years , so much lauded by the political economists ! But is this a state of things safe for the community ? Is it not , on the contrary , highly dangerous that a class should exist even for one day in a state rendering them careless of any change—nay , ready to welcome any convulsion , believing ( and rightly so ) that whatever may happen they might be benefitted , but could not possibly be injured ? Let us further ask the landlords , whether the speeches of sueh men _» b Pehby and _Seaiey are not most significant to thexn ? They know that

      they are hated in the manufacturing districts—that Chartist and Leaguer ( through with very different motives and objects ) are alike banded together to destroy their power . Their only safety—their only hope of maintaining their existence as a class lies in the attachment of the agricultural body—or at least the indifference of that body to political discussions and political reforms . Any love for the aristocracy oa the part of the agricultural labourers has , we fancy , for some time ceased to exist . The ignorance of tllC agricultural masses was therefore the aristocracy ' s only remaining _safeguard . That ignorance , thank God , is fast being dispelled . _Pehrt and Sealey speak out . Ti . ey care little for what the " roast beef and sliflrrv winp . " crriv ( iprl wnntw tbink—tlmv will be _f J

      . ..... ,....- _QW . _QW .. -V — . _^ . . ...... —~ ., — . heard . A p plauding hundreds ratify thc truth of their assertions ; and though many are not so bold as to speak out like Perry and Sem , ey , yet they cherish the like feelings—they feel the like misery , and they protest against the like injustice . There is more meaning in onc of these simple speeches ofthe downtrodden peasantry of England , than in three fourthsof the florid harangues ever uttered on the election hustings , or on the platform ofthe lecture hall . Lords of England , high and haughty aristocrats , beware ! If you will break up the monopoly of your farms ; if you will think less of your game , and more of your labourers ; if you will let the peasant have a bit of land , even at an exorbitant rent , you may

      perhaps stave off thc evil day—you may for yet a little while maintain your gigantic usurpationthough not for ever , nor for long : for the handwriting is on the wall , predicting your doom . But if you will not do this , swift will be your destruction , and signal your fall . At present the labourer , in all probability , dreams not that the land , for a little bit of which he supplicates on which to grow food for his children , belongs to all , and not to you lords and gentlemen only . The labourer has been brought up to believe in the " right divine" of landlords ; that the earth was made for the privileged few , he being merely plaeed thereon to till it and pay rent for it to thc born aristocrat : a comfortable belief for you , lords and gentlemen—but which you are _takinsr most

      effectual means to disabuse thc labourer of . If you will not grant him thc little bit of land , for which he is now desirous of paying you an enormous rent , may not the question at length break in npon hini whether God and nature could possibly have intended the land to bo monopolised by afew , that few condemning their brethren to unrequited toil and lingering starvation ? Yes , thc day is coming when the labourer will make the inquiry ; when , scorning to beg for land—when , denying yom right to rent ,, he will demand the restitution of what you have impiously and wickedly defrauded him . Instead of then asking for four acres at an exhorbitant " rent , " lie will say : —The land ivas made for all—the land must and shall be restored to all .

      Fuseual Op The Late Mr. Barium.—The Rema...

      Fuseual op the late Mr . Barium . —The remains of the late Minor Canon of St . Paul's , the Rev . R . II . Barliam , were interred on Saturday in the Rector ' s vault of the church ot St . Mary Magdalen , Old Fisii-streGt-iu'U , and St . Gregory 6 y St . Paul ' s , by the _sidft of hia four ehikken . ffis disease _viasa tumour in the larynx , which Sir Benjamin Brodie pronounced fatal as soon as the case was submitted to him . Exorcism Extraordinary . —A Spanish journal states that the cure of Ministrol de Guides , in Catalonia , in exorcising a woman possessed by a legion of devils , succeeded lately in forcing out of her the trifling number of 70 , 991 , Unfortunately , the last devil of all , more cunning than his comrades , was able to resist all the attacks of the cure , who always recommenced his operations every , fete day . The civil and ecclesiastical authorities at last put an end to his proceedings .

      Bankrupts, -$*?

      Bankrupts , - _$ *?

      Bankrupts. (From Tuesday's Gazette, June...

      _BANKRUPTS . ( From Tuesday's Gazette , June 24 ( 7 ' , _ISiS . ) William Morton , Railway-place , Fenchureh-street , gasfitter—William Hickman _Lejciine , Southampton , cornlnerchant—William "Mossman , Clarke ' s-place , Islington , fancy-stationer—George Bowles and Joseph Pain Pocklington , Newgate-street , meat-salesmen—3 ames Walker , jun ., Leeds , butcher —Francis Itidd , Nether Stowey , Bridgewater , Somersetshire , surgeon—William HMitch , Fachwen , Flintshire , grocer—Matthew C'olledge , Urinklow , Warwickshire , coal-merchant .

      _DlVIUENDS . July 15 , W . Williams , Gouuhurst , Kent , wheelwright July ' 11 , G . Barron , navies-street , Bevkcley-swuare , builder —July 21 , J . Stevens , Mile-end , roud-contvactov—July 1 G _, J . and T . Hill , Isle of Ely , merchants-July 1 ( 5 , J , and T . Lamb , Kidderminster , Worcestershire , engineers—July 16 * , W . J 5 . Briddiek , Durham , dealer in iron-July 10 , J . liriddick , jun ., Durham , bookseller-July IC , W . and J . C . " Sarr , Sunderland , merchants-July 16 , C . _Martyn , Durham , linendraper—July 17 , J , Risdon , Exeter , hooksellcr—July 18 , E . Pritchard , Liverpool , wine-inerehant—July 15 , It . Abram , Liverpool , merchant—J uly " 18 , E , E , RoblllSOll , Wolverhampton , _gluttVdsWro , grocer .

      nECtAKATIOSS OF DIVIDENDS . L . C . Lcccsne , _Feiichurch-buildiiife's , Fenchureh-street , City , merchant , first dividend of Is lOJd in the pound , any Wednesday , at the office of Mr . Graham , Colemanstreet , II . Almond , Orrell , Lancashire , coal-dealer , second dividend of id in the pound , any Thursday , at the office of Mr . Caxcnovc , Liverpool . J . Johnson , Liverpool , merchant , first dividend of 3 Jd in the pound , any Thursday , at the office of Mr . Caxenove , Liverpool . T . Wilson , Liverpool , merchant , dividend of 4 s 2 Jd in the pound , any Wednesday , at the office of Mr . . Morgan , Liverpool . J . Make , Sunderland , edge-tool-manufacturer , first dividend of lOdin the pound , next Wednesday , or any subsequent Saturday , at the office of Mr . Wakley , Newcastle upon-Tyne . I . Ilagg , Colchester , Essex , first dividend of 4 s fld in the pound , any Wednesday , at the office of Mv . Belcher , King ' s Arms-yard . Coleman-street .

      W . Attwatcr , Devonshire-street , Queen-square , dyer , first dividend of ls in the pound , any Wednesday , at the office of Mr . Belcher , King's Arms-yard , Colemanstreet . T . Pearson , Liverpool-road , builder , first a * . _* . d final division of 1-Jd ill the pound , any Wednesday , at tho office of Mr . _FoUett , _Sambrooh-court , _BilSillglialLstrCl't . M . Oxborrow , Stockport , Cheshire , pawnbroker , dividend of 20 s in the pound , any Wednesday , at the office of Mr . Follett , Sambrook-court , Dasingtuill-street _.

      Bankrupts. (From Tuesday's Gazette, June...

      Certificates to be granted , unless cause-he shown to the contrary on the day of meeting . . - July 16 , W . J , Taylor . _High-strest , _Cwdea . _Tpwn _, grocer-July 16 , J . Brain , Winchester . )! a _' < % PentonnWe _, copper-plate dealer-July 16 , T . M . CrfcKsedge ; _Shsdivell _, miller-July 16 , T . Johnson , sen ., and Vf . Johnson , Rom . ford , Essex , bankers-July 15 , A . H . Chambers , sen ,, New Bond-street , banker-July 16 , It . Barker , Manchester , druggist- July 16 , J . GerrartJ _, Marsden , Yorkshire , cottonspinner—July 17 , M . Humphries , Hulme , Lancashire , joiner—July 38 , J , _Livhnrstone and T . _Buttam , Manchester , plumbers—July 15 , T . Milward _, F . pperstone , Nottinghamshire , miller—July M , B . Webb , High-street , Southwark , cheesemonger-Jul y 15 , R . G . Ward and J ; Perry , _"Sewgate-market , _mcat-saiesmen—July 15 , t . Weightman , Northampton , wharfinger—Julv 15 , T . S . _Dudd , Liverpool , innkeeper—July 15 , E . F „ Robinson , Wolverhampton , grocer—July 14 , M . Farrand , Ahnondbury , Yorkshire , fancy cloth manufacturers-July 18 , W . ¦ Gadsby , jun ., Cheetham , Lancashire , joiner—July J-7 , J , fl ' . Sprague , Poole , grocer .

      _J-ABT _.-JEBSJIIPS DISSOLVED , A ., J . S „ H . H . Willis , and A . Willis , jun ., Crosby _, square , City , merchants—A ., J . S ., and II . It . Willis , Crosby-square , City , insurance-brokers—J . Leach , sen ., J . Leach , and J . Leach , jun ., llingley , Yorkshire , worsted * manufacturers ; as far ns regards John Leach—W . Elston and J . _Lidstoue , Old Bailey , _buUdcvs—J . Davies and J . Fallows , Stockport , Cheshire , cotton wastc-spinnors—S . Bath and 1 ' . J . Bolton , High-street , Wapping . _eca' -merehants-S . Holdsworth and Vf . R . Milner , Wakefield , Yorkshire , surgeons— A , C . Harris anil T . Dell , Alexandria , Egypt , merchants—C . Smith anil T . Hunter , Bishop Wearmouth , Durham , wholesale tea-dealers—11 . ltaine and U . Scholes , llnry , Lancashire , plumbers—W . Halliday

      and G . Rhodes , lleekmondwike , Yorkshire , worsted yarn _, spinners—J . ami C . Turner , Church-street , Bethnal-green , leather-sellers—E . and 3 , _Witliinshaw , Shelton , Staffordshire , leather-dealers—C . College and S . Ilenuingham , Birmingham , engravers—G . Sangster and J , l \ Melliss , Queen- _** _lreet-, CheapsWe , _eotton-fuctors—E . Meredith and . O . Parker , Liverpool , linendropers—C . and Vf . BodeJls , Leicester , manufacturers of elastic fabrics—E . W , and R , O , _Coulborn , Manchester , _fustian-manuf . ictuvevs—R . Barlow and B . Edwards , Wrexham , _Denbiglkliire , ironmasters —J . and T . Taylor , _Kirby-stveet , ITatton-garden _, goldbeaters—R . and A . A . Dcbenhaiii , Upper Clapton , drapers —D . Gill mid T . Watuwvight , Leeds , -iron-founders—J . Brittain and D . Smales , Kin _^ _ston-npon-Hull , hop-merchants .

      Jteuet Ifntruigttift*

      _jteuet ifntruigttift *

      Loxnoft* Corn Excimxce, Monday, Jcke 23....

      _Loxnoft * Corn Excimxce , Monday , _Jcke 23 . — The arrivals of English wheat were tolerably good during the past week ; but of barley , oats , beans , and peas , the receipts coastwise were very scanty . Front Scotland only afew hundred quarters of oats came to hand , but from Ireland thc supply was larger than has _bcesi tho ease for some weeks past . From abroad a fair quantity of wheat , large" supplies of barley and oats , and moderate arrivals of beans aud peas , were received . At this morning's market there was a good show of wheat by laud-carriage samples from thc neighbouring counties , scarcely any barley of home growth , and not many oats , beans , or peas fresh up . Thc weather continuing exceedingly

      favourable for the growing crops , the trade opencil languidly . Only the very finest qualities of English wheat were taken by the millers at last Monday ' s currency , and it was necessary to submit to a decline of about ls . per quarter before any progress could be made in the disposal ofthe common runs . In foreign wheat there was little or nothing doing either free Ot in bond , and quotations must for the present be regarded as almost nominal . Town-made flour , though very dull of sale , was not cheaper , but for ship marks rather less money was in partial instances accepted . The continued arrivals of barley from the Continent

      have hitherto prevented any advance in the value of this article , but good qualities of English were held very firmly to-day . Malt was also quite as dear as on this day se ' nnight . The increased arrivals of oats failed to fiave any influence on prices , indeed tho trade was more active , owing to a better choice of quality being afforded . On the whole a fair amount oi'business was donc _. and previous rates _wellsupportcd . Beans and peas being exceedingly scarce , were held very -firmly , and needy buyers had to pay high terms . In seeds no change requiring notice occurred , and the transactions were generally on a very restricted scale .

      CURRENT TRICES OF GRAIN , PER IMPERIAL QUARTER . —British . s s 8 S Wheat , Essex , & Kent , new & old red 4 : 1 40 White 48 _« 5 Norfolk and Lincoln du •/¦ US Ditto 49 52 "Northum . and Scotch white 43 48 Fine 49 52 Irish red old 0 0 Red _i-1 4 h Whito 47 iS live Old ..... . 30 31 Sew _S ! B 30 Brank 34 S 5 Barley Grinding . . 24 20 Distil . 27 30 Malt . 30 33 Malt Brown .... 52 54 Pale fill 59 WtU' 6 60 C 2 Beans Ticks old Sinew 35 37 Harrow 37 89 Pigeon 41 42 l ' eas Grey 35 3 C . Maple 37 38 White 38 40 Oats Liucolns & Yorkshire Feed 2 * 2 24 Poland 24 26 — Scotch Angus n 25 Potato 26 29 Irish White 21 23 Black 21 28 Pcr 280 ib . net , s si Per 280 lb . net . s « Town-made Slow ... 43 4 "> | "Norn / Hi & Stochton 33 34 : Esses and Kent .... 35 30 I Irish 3 D 36

      Free . Bond * Foreign , 8 8 8 Wheat , Dantsic , Konigsburg , & e ...... SB _!& 38 43 — Maries , Mecklenburg 51 62 33 3 _fi Danish , Holsteiu , and Friesland red 43 45 28 30 Russian , Hard 44 4 C Soft . . . 44 4 _« 28 29 Italian . Red . . il 48 WMte ... 51 52 32 35 Spanish , Hard . 46 48 Soft .... 48 52 31 34 Kye , " Baltic , Dried , ... 28 30 Undried . . 28 30 22 2-1 "Barley , Grinding . 24 26 Malting . . 28 32 19 24 Beans , Ticks . . 34 30 Egyptian . 34 35 28 32 Peas , White . . 37 39 Maple . . 36 S 7 28 30 Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick 25 20 ' 21 32 Russian feed , 21 22 15 16 Danish , Friesland feed 21 23 15 17 Flour , per barrel ' 24 20 19 21

      London Smithfield Cattle Market , Monday , Jose 23 . —The past week ' s importations of live stock for our market have been again extensive , they having consisted of 1 C 9 oxen and cows , 6 lambs and 6 calves , all from Rotterdam , per the Columbine , Batavier , and Giraffe , At thc outports , upwards of 200 beasts have been received from Holland in good condition . We liad on offer , to-day , 55 Dutch oxen and cows , the quality of which—though not to say first-rate—was good ; hence tho sale for them , was active , and the whole found buyers at improved quotations . Notwithstanding there was an increase in thc arrivals of beasts from our own grazingdistricts , aud the quality of that description of stock was superior to that exhibited for some time past , we have to report a decided improvement in the beef trade , at an advance in the quotations obtained on Monday last , of from 2 d . to 4 d . per 81 b ., and at which a fair clearance was

      effected , _ih-om "Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire , we received 1200 Scots , homebreds , and shorthorns , fvom the northern , western , ami midland counties , 300 _Ilercfords , Runts , Devon . ? , & e . ; from other parts of England , 400 of various breeds ; and from Scotland , 500 Scots . Although the epidemic is still complained of in the grazing counties , we observed very few serious cases here today amongst cither the beasts or sheep . For the time of year we had a very limited number of sheep offering , owing tojwhich the mutton trade was steady , and last week ' s currencies were supported in every instance , the primest old Downs readily producing 5 s . per 81 b . Lambs , the numbers of which were comparatively small , moved off freely , and previous rates were well supported . The veal trade was again firm , atthe late improvement in value . Pigs moved off slowly , yet their prices weres-upported .

      By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offal . s . d . s . d Inferior coarse beasts . . . 3 2 3 8 Second quality .... 3 10 4 0 Prime large oxen .... 4 2 4 4 Prime Scots , ifcc 4 ft 4 S Coarse inferior sheep ... 3 4 3 S Second quality . . . . !! Ifl 4 4 Prune coarse _woolled , . . 4 6 4 8 Prime Southdown ... 4 10 5 ft Lambs ...... 5 0 C 0 Large coarse calves .,,, 4046 Prime small 4 S 5 0 Suckling calves , each , . . 18 0 SO 0 Large hogs 3 0 3 8 Neat small porkers , . , 3 10 4 2 Quarter-old store pigs , onch . . 16 0 20 8

      HEAD OF CATTLE ON SAW ! . 'Fvom the _Books of the Clerk of the Market . ) Beasts , 2 , 5 . 94-Sheep and Lambs , 22 , 170-Calrcs , _211—Kgs , m Richmond Gown Market , Saturday , _Ji ' . ve 21 . — We had a fair supply of grain in our market to-day , but the sale was rather dull . Wheat sold from 5 s . 9 d . to Is . 6 d . ; oats 2 s . 9 d . to 3 s . 4 d , , * barley 3 s . 9 d . to 4 s . ; beans is . Od , to 4 s . 9 d . per bushel , Manchester Corn Market , Saturday , Josh 21 . ¦ —In the earl y part of . thc week we had a considerable fall of rain in this neighbourhood , continuing the

      whole of Wednesday almost without intermission ; subsequently thc weather has been delightfully fine ; and thc crops having consequently received material benefit , the demand for every article of the trade has remained on the same limited scale as previously noted , without variation in prices . Our market this morning , influenced by the circumstances noted above , was of an exceedingly inanimate character * , and , had sales of any article been pressed , rather lower prices must have been conceded . In the absence , however , of any Slldi desire being manifested , we ean report no alteration in the currency of our last market day .

      Liverpool Cons Market , Monday , June 28 . — There has this week been a moderate supply of British grain , meal and flour . Several cargoes ef wheat ave reported from the Baltic , and we have the first arrival of Canadian produce and manufacture . No alteration has occurred in the duties this week . The amount of business since this day week has been very limited : the millers and dealers , influenced by the improved state of the weather , have only taken off wheat to supply their immediate wants , and there have been no speculative transactions going forward .

      Ouv last quotations have been barely maintained for either wheat or flour . Oats and oatmeal have participated in the general dullness , but as "holders have not been pressing sellers , fully last quoted prices had to be paid in the few sales which have occurred in both these articles . Beans , barley , and peas only in small quantities . Liverpool Cattle Husxt , _Mosbay fhe supply of stock at market to-day smaller than art * , yeek . A _imwerous customers , and a brisk market . Bfipf ton Od to 6 M , lamb _OJd to- m _^^ Liverpool from the 10 th tothe 23 d S _4 ' 3 llee ? 6903 ' _^ _"C

      Have Moved" -Y» '/"¦* . J-* , Jiivil Has...

      have moved " -y » ' / _" ¦* . J- _* , _jiiVil has been _oiuah _attire of fid _inlilA ' _^ . T _hSSSS ; _- _JuT-icows 5 pies 69 ? 3 have moved , _~> - _v _ _? , _JlWE 23 ; _4 . '• V * ' ? : . ; H H as been iauQh . _^ .- _^> , £ ¦ * _£ , attendance of _- •" 'I _^ M _** M _idtoCH _' _inat " * ~\ _rtS _3 £ _j ! imported into ; > > 4 > 3 June : —Cows .. f ~ " ¦ •* * ** * ' _'*** Co , pigs 691 I _sig _# _§ 1 _*** ¦ _*** ¦ t . ¦ yt \ % % .: l 3 _^

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), June 28, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_28061845/page/7/