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Northern Star (1837-1852), 28th February 1846, Edition 3 of 4, Page 4, THE NORTHERN STAR. SATDUDAY, FEBRUARY -S, 18IC.

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    • THOMAS COOPBB. THS GBABTIST'S
    • THE NORTHERN STAR. SATDUDAY, FEBRUARY -S, 18IC.
    • Cc mmi'$ fc' Coro-j-pn&ents
  • Adverts (9)
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      A The Northern Sftar. _________ -Februar...

      A THE _NORTHERN SftAR . _________ -February 28 , J 846 .

      Thomas Coopbb. Ths Gbabtist's

      THOMAS COOPBB . THS _GBABTIST'S

      Ad00408

      CTOBKS . THE PURGATORY OF SUICIDES . A Prison Rhyme . In Ton Books . ( One VoL , 7 s . 6 d . ) «__ ie mos t wonderful effort of i _ teUect __ a _ power produced within the last century . " — Tlie Britannia . " Here we bave a genuine poem springing out of tha _gpirit of the timet , and indeed out of the heart , and exerience of one who has wrestled witb and suffered in it . It is no other than a poem in ten books , by a Chartist , and who boldly sets his name and his profession of Chartism on tlie title-page . It is plain that he glories in hispoUticalfaith more than in hia poetry ; nay , his verse is but the vehicle of that faith . Yet , nevertheless , itis

      Ad00409

      COLOSSEUM .-NOTICE .-PR 1 CE OF ADMISSION DURING TIIE HOLIDAYS !! Bay _Kxl-. i-ition 2 s . Evening Uo , 2 s . Cd . Children under Twelve Is . Stalactite Caverns Is . extra . _rjtllE DAY EXHIBITION consists of the Museum of X Sculpture , Grand Picture of London , _Alkambra Conservatories . Gorgeous Gothic Aviary , Classic J . _uiiih , Swiss Cottage and Mont Itlanc , with Mountain ' 1 ' orrent , ic . ic . OpvX _. from Tin till Four o'Clock . _EVijyiXC—The new and extraordinary Panorama of Iosdosb-- Tight , Museum of Sculpture , Conservatories , and Gorgeous Gothic Aviary , ic ., brilliantly illuminated- , Swiss Cottage , Mont _liiauc , aud Mountain Torrent represented by Moonlight . Open from Sevcu till a Quarterpast Ten o'Clock .

      Ad00410

      DAGUERREOTYPE AND CALOTYPE . THE APPARATUS , LENS , CHEMICALS , PLATES , CASES , and every other article used in making and mounting the above c _ n ba liad af J- Egerton , No . 1 , Temple-street , Whitefriars , London . Deaeriptive Catalogues gratis . LEREBOURS celebrated ACHROMATIC _TRIPUET LENSES for the MICROSCOPE , sent to any part of the country at the following price : —Deep Power , O'Os ., Low Power , 25 s . Every article warranted .

      Ad00411

      THE REV . T . WILSON'S CATECHISMS . Just Published , Price 9 _ . miiE CATECHISM OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR Also , New _i-titions of the following CatecMsm _., by the Bee . T . Wilson , Price 9 d . eaeh . First Lessons in . Natural Philosophy Second Lessons in Natural Philosophy Third Lessons in Natural Philosophy First Catechism of Common Things Second Catechism of Common Things Third Catechism of Common Things Catechism of Bible History Catechism of English History * Ths First Catechism of Geography The Catechism of Music . LONDON : DARTON AND CLARK , HOLBORN HILL

      Ad00412

      FUNERAL ECONOMY ! THE CEMETZRY and GENERAL FUNERAL COMPANY , united with SHILLIBEElt'S PATENT FUNERAL CARRIAGES , respectfully invitepublic attention to the economic and convenient arrangements for performing every description of Funerals complete , at charges so moderate as to defy competition , and no extras , by which the comfort of bereaved families will be materially promoted , aud expanses limited . City-road , Finsbury , next Buuhill-fields Burial-ground ; 21 , Percy-street , Tottenham-court-road ; and 136 , Union-street , Southwark . Shilllbeer ' s Patent Funeral Carriage , with two horses , £ 1 lis . o _"_ . ; Single Horse , £ 1 Is . A respectable Carriage Funeral , combining every charge , £ 4 4 s . Hearses and Mourning Coaches . Catholic Fittings . Four Horse Funerals . £ 1212 s .

      Ad00413

      REMOVAL . J WATSON , BOOKSELLER AND PUBLISHER , . announces to his FRIENDS , ths rUULIC , and thn TRADE , that hi _ bu-u _ . es- will , for the -future , he carried on at No . _^ QUEEN'S HEAD PAS SAGE , PATERNOSTER-ROW , where all orders and communications must be addressed . s . d . Palmer ' s Principles of Nature , one vol ., Cloth . 2 0 do . de . do . in a wrapper . 1 ( 5 Cooper ' s Holy Scriptures , analyzed 0 8 Scripturian _' s Creed . By Citizen Davies 0 2 Letter opening at the Post-office , witli some ac-

      Ad00414

      ROYAL MARYLEBONE THEATRE . LESSEE , -Ut . J 0 U-4 DOUOLAS 3 , _TTfONDERFUL SUCCESS of PROFESSOR HEMTV MING and his two Sons . The sensation caused by viewing tbe feats of Professor Hemming and Sons , is tbat of exquisite delight , which calls forth the loudest acclamations . The immense applause bestowed on the "Minute Gun" induces the Manager to continue it until further notice . Wonderful mechanical effect of the Sinking Vessel . Tom Tough , Mr . John Douglass . On Mon-

      Ad00415

      WAR WITH AMERICA . NOW PUBLISHING , in Penny numbers , or Sixpenny Parts , a complete HISTORY OF AMERICA , beautifully illustrated with Plates and Viguette Engravings , from the period of its discorery down to the present time , detailing the number of distinct communities therein , the ditierent views which actuated its founders , and the extent of territory over which it spreads , by J . Frost , A . M . Thf style in which this history is written is pleasant , graphic , and perspicuous : the author has evidently quoted the best authorities- , and his narrative possesses all the charms of a , romance , while it records truths beyond aU _suspicion . We cordially approve of the work , and wish it the success which it so eminently deserves , — l' * _« e '_ l : i jPiqwtcn , The embellishments consist of engravings , illustrating the most important and striking events in American annals . They are at once numerous and striking .- — Morning Adiertiser .

      Ad00416

      FROST , WILLIAMS , AND JONES . Mr . Duncombe , not anticipating a fair hearing for iis clients , pending tlie great debate , lias postponed his motion for their liberation until Tuesday , the 10 th of March , when it will POSITIVELY come on . Thus tlie country has ten days more to add to the petitions which have already , wc rejoice to state , poured in most satisfactorily . Let the good work go on incessantly , by night and by day , until thc victoy is achieved . THE LAND . Wc have to thank our numerous friends from -Merthyr Tydvil , Staffordshire , Sussex , and elsewhere , ior their notices of estates to be sold . We would , thank some of our Doncaster friends to send us further intelligence relative to tiie 221 acres to be sold in that neighbourhood , now in the possession of Mr . _Wagstaff ; we communicated with the solicitors at Bawtry , to whom reference was given , but have not received their answer . Wc would thank every one who hears of an estate to be sold to send us word .

      The Northern Star. Satduday, February -S, 18ic.

      THE NORTHERN STAR . SATDUDAY , FEBRUARY -S , _18 _IC .

      Commerce. Tiie New Staple Of The Country...

      COMMERCE . TIIE NEW STAPLE OF THE COUNTRY . CONTROL OF _JfACIIIXEUY INDISPENSABLE TO SUBDUE IT TO MAN'S WANTS . A TEX HOURS' IJILL—TIIE FIRST

      EXPERIMENT . I . \ compliance with our pledge of last week , wo now return to the consideration of thc most important of all questions to the labouring classes , and , consequently , to all society ; not only to tho English people , but to thoso of all other nations who tratlic in English productions . The altered tactics of the Free Traders cannot _oraso from our memory tho

      earlier principles upon ivhieh tliey argued the question of free trade . " CHEAP BREAD , HIGH WAGES , AND PLENTY TO DO , " were the inducements held out to tho working classes to join the League in their demand for free trade in corn . The working classes very speedily discovered the paradox of high wages and cheap bread , and therefore the tack has been changed to " high wages , consequent upon increased trade . "

      In our letter upon Lord _Ashl-. ' _s motion in 1811 , we fully analysed this portion of the subject , and showed tlv . it foreign countries had each a strong manufacturing interest , who would resist any measure calculated to reduce their profits , and that , therefore , England could not ace independentl y upon the question of free trade . Wo differ materially from tliosc who would estimate the national wealth by the increase of national exports . We look to lieland , and we find that in proportion to her

      population she export , moro of valuable produce , and import _, less , than any other nation in thc universe , and therefore her oonuition is an answer upon this subject . W _. fully agree in the assertion , that an extensive export of national materials may mark national wealth , if the imports taken in return were equitabl y divided amongst those whose ingenuity supplied tlw exports , whether in a jaw state , extracted from the quarry or the mine , or in a manufactured state , finished by the process of machinery .

      As , however , it is it-possible under the present _iirraiigcnients which reg-late that monster producer , to oome to any fair calculation , as to national profit

      Commerce. Tiie New Staple Of The Country...

      and loss upon calculation of imports and exports , we demand , in the first instance , a LABOUR READYRECKONER _, by which the producer will be able to east up his share with as great ease as the capitalist who employs bim can cast up the profit upon his labour ; nor , indeed , do we see so much difficulty as in the outset this proposition may appear to present . From the present clumsy mode of making calculations , we can simply arrive at the following result . A Manchester manufacturer is now said to he netting a profit of a hundred thousand pounds per annum ; and if we estimate his hands at 2 , 000 in constant

      employment , and allow them 'the over-average of fifteen shillings a week each , big and little , mon , women , and children , we find that he pays annually £ . 6 , 000 in wages , and receives £ 100 , 000 in the shape of profit . This is by no means a peculiar or an isolated case ; many have been known to make much larger profits who employ fewer hands , and pay less wages . However , here we have the . apita / _isi realising £ 2 _ , 000 a year , over and above the whole amount of wages paid . Thus it appears that he might pay 80 s . a week to each person employed , and still have the lion ' s share of £ 24 , 000 per annum .

      We would ask then , whether there is any margin in the export list to denote the fair share of the producer , or any margin in the import list to denote his share of the imports ? Wc may be asked how a Ten flour- ' Bill eould possibly destroy this evil , or lessen the power of the capitalist ? We answer , easily , by at once relieving the labour market from the competition of one in six , who would then bo brought into the more remunerating service of manufacture . Upon thc other hand , we will state the case as most fair and interesting to the shopkeeping and middle classes of Manchester . We presume , first ,

      that the new staple ofthe country , commerce , must bo subdued to national requirements , and thon we show the shopkeepers the peculiar . interest which tlicy , above all other classes , have in joining in the establishment of some equalising machinery . We ask whether it would bc more conducive to tho interest of the shopkeepers of Manchester that one man should monopolise a hundred thousand pounds as his profit upon business , while those who produced it had only £ 76 , 000 as their share , or that the one

      had £ 24 , 000 profit , and that the 2000 of tlieir customer-had £ 152 , 000 to spend with them ? But it does not stop here ; when £ 76 , 000 only is paid in wages , more is spent in _dissipatioa than if £ 1 . 2 , 0 . 0 was paid to the same number : for _instance , the broken-hearted pauper , with casual employment and fifteen shillings a week , will be less thrifty and more dissipated than the man with thirty shillings a week in certain employment and with a prospect of being able to lay by something for sickness , old age , or even speculation .

      Again , the higher wages and proper regulation of the labour-market would tend to the reduction , nay , to the annihilation of the pauper-tax . Again , as poverty is the parent of crime , and as a large police-force and expensive law establishments are upheld for the suppression of crime , its banishment from tho land , through remunerative wages and regular employment , would relieve the shopkeepers and middle classes from this further tax upon their industry . It is no new doctrine with us that the shopkeepers , and those who thrive best upon a steady aud remunerating labour-market , have , above all other classes , thc

      greatest interest in opposing * the Miilthusiau monopolising policy of the League . By this time the country will have learned that Mr . Fielden has postponed his motion upon the Ten Hours' Bill for a month . This will give the country full and ample time for reflection and preparation ; a period which , if wasted , may never again present itself . We have shewn elsewhere the purpose to whicli the intervening time should be devoted , and we earnestly call _upen all—especially those whose trades are

      threatened with competition by Sir Robert Peel ' s new policy—to join in an enthusiastic , continuous , and energetic agitation in aid of the measure . No doii-t the Home Secretary ' s own words , in his speech on the present debate , will be quoted and usefully used against him . We have not seen those words turned to their legitimate account by any portion of the press , or any portion of the thinking public—wc have treasured tlicm , however , as well as a memorial to Chartist fame as in justification of any agitation , however violent , in support ofthe measure .

      When a represented or influential class _, demands a new law , or a change in the old law , it is followed by an immediate obedience to their will . The League have demanded free trade in corn as a means of extending their commerce with the world ; and as far as the voice of thc Commons can go , it . will be registered in tlieir favour , even at the expense of individual apostacy and ministerial inconsistency . The Home Secretary is compelled to run the gauntlet , to skip through the labyrinth of change , in support of this national requirement ; and he gives it his support even in opposition to his previously registered op inions . Upon the subject of the Ten Hours' Bill ,

      however , he has not so much to retract , and heroin consists perhaps the difficulty—for our public men now-a-days would establish character upon faithlessness , and keep pace with progress by rapid strides ot inconsistency . However , to the opinions of the Home Secretary . Tnat functionary , not being able to discharge his mind of those substantial ghosts which stood behind the veil of temporary relief , saw regulation of the hours of labour standing prominently in the group of hobgoblins , and hc said— " ALTHOUGH PARLIAMENT CANNOT _INTERFERE IN THIS QUESTION OF REGULATION , THERE IS NO QUESTION OF MORE IMPORTANCE ,

      OR NONE THAT UE WOULD MORE GLADLY SEE AMICABLY ADJUSTED BETWEEN MASTERS AND THEIR MEN . " Now , Ave would ask if words could pass a more severe and cutting censure upon our present representative system , and especially upon the present government ? What do they amount to ? " The settlement of the question is a necessary adjunct to the great measures that we are now debating—it is indispensable to thc interest of the working classes , and even to the peace of society . We see its importance , it-inspires us with anxiety ; but we aro not here to represent labour—wc arc here to protect

      capitalwe hold office to do thc bidding of faction— wc dare not interfere on behalf of those who have NOT sent us , and from whom we hold no commission . " The words werc soft , and bland , and glib , but , nevertheless , through the veil of sophistry the cloven-foot of faction was seen . We , therefore , tell the people of England that thoy must force , eoavee , compel , Sir James Giiaimm to do by law that which he says the necessity of the case demands . It will not do i ' or the skinflint Malthusians , for the Roi _* buci ; s , the Humes , and thc Biugiits , to talk of the injustice and the impolicy of interfering with the labour market , while they have abolished every right that the labourer possessed . _,

      We travpl through England , and in the midst of her boasted greatness , we see povert y unequalled in _awy other part ot tho world . In the metropolis wc see the elevated ground , the healthy situation , the sewered , well-lighted streets , with their princely mansions for the commercial speculating wealthy , and wc sec thc producers of that wealth hemmed in the back slums , the cellars , and unhealthy stews . It is worse iu tho manufacturing towns , where the princely villa stands as a mockery to look down upon the loathsome cellar , where its victim preserves a miserable existence ibr another hour of misery . Wo

      travel through tho country , and there we seo the princely mansion , like a leech , sucking all around it ! We make a parochial tour , and wc find the gorged shepherd wearing the fleece und consuming tho fruits tlmt belong to the flock . The mind of thinking man is outraged by the disparity of wealth , and the _tlis-... vt ___< j _ ave p- int-d to owv glorious institutions—to the terror wc create abroad—to the lustre of our anus ' n India—to the dominion of om * flag—and the terror of our arms . We say look at home—look at the operative ' s face ; look , if you dure , into the squalid hovel ; see his uneducated family , his stnnted oitspiing , HIS M .-N- _' _iYi-k . We _, _go

      Commerce. Tiie New Staple Of The Country...

      to Belgium , and there we see a . simple constitution , witb a King elected to obey its provisions . We hear of a deficient harvest , but no threat of famine ; and why ? Because we cannot see the district leech , the large land monopolist , tlie gormandising shepherd , tho disparity that mocks high heaven between the rich and the poor , * neither do we hear of her foreign dominion , or her glorious institutions established for class protection . Let Braves Beiges—tha Napoleon mockery—may be borne with equanimity by a contented people , who , will be more reconciled to the ignominy than the English slave to foreign confession of his country ' s command- ' ing position . Wo journey on through despotic France , and tliere we see a rural peasantry contented

      in the posseesion of the soil . We climb the almost inaccessible mountain-passes of Switzerland , and there , where the Almighty seems to have tested man ' s ingenuity to live , we see no want and no discontent , because there is comparatively no disparity . We gently tread upon the Italian states of the Austrian despot , and prepare our eyes for that misery which will _mako the blackest of England's labourp ictures look beautiful by contrast . True , we see great mental coercion , but nothing worse than our law of constructive sedition . True , we behold the disgusting military surveillance , but then , in the midst of mental coercion , we see nothing comparable tothe physical _inferiority of the English working classes .

      If it is true that A MAN'S MIND IS IIIS KINGDOM , the Italian slave possesses a moro independent kingdom than the FllEE-BORN Englishman . If we wrote for months upon the subject , we could not better conclude than in the words of the Yorkshire prophet , — " All the stuff ' e thewurld wov made for all ' e folk in ' e wurld , and thc people han't their share of it : " and the first step towards the accomplishment of that great desideratum is "¦ _* ' A TEN HOURS' BILL .

      Parliamentary Review.. Tub Introduction ...

      PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . . Tub introduction of a new Coercion Bill for Ireland _, into the Ilouse of Lords , by Earl St . Germans , who was recently , under thetitleof Lord Ehot , Chief Secretary for that countvy ; a short airing given to the Game Law question , by a bill of Lord Dacrk ' s , in the same house ; and the debate on the Amended Friendly Societies' Bill , brought on by Mr . Du _ - comiie , in tlie Commons , constitute , at the time wc write , the only Parliamentary novelties of the week —the only relief to tlie great moiister debate , which has now for three weeks absorbed the attention of the liouse and thc country .

      In justification of the first measure , Lord St . Germans brought forward a ponderous mass oi statistical documents to show thc immense increase of attacks upon life and property in various parts ol Ireland , and tlie impossibility of putting these outrages down without calling into action extraordinary power .. We can here onl y notice the general provisions by which the government propose to effect tin s object . These arc as follow . —The granting of a power to the Lord Lieutenant to proclaim a district where murders or attempts to murder have been committed , and to appoint an additional force witliin such district , to be maintained by a tax upon the

      inhabitants—a further power to the Lord Lieutenant to warn all persons in proclaimed districts to remain in their houses from sunset to sunrise—a prohibition against assembling in public houses in the night timo , and against the possession of fire arms without authority ; and , lastly , a punishment for tlie injury or intimidation of jurors , witnesses , or prosecutors , in any case of offences arising within the proclaimed districts . These additional powers are to be wielded by the existing constituted authorities ; the trials are to be in the old form by juries ; and so far the Conservative Coercion Bill contrasts favourabl y with tho savage one of their predecessors , the Whigs .

      The tone of Lord St . _Gerjiass , in _propesing tiie measure , was carefully studied to procure unanimity in the house , and it succeeded in doing so . He avoided , with considerable dexterity , the points upon which a discussion mi ght have been raised ; and , after alluding to tbe sum of nearly half a million already voted tliis session for _tha promotion of public works in Ireland , and the nine millions sanctioned last session for . making railways , hc very adroitly put the measure , on the ground of its necessity as a protection to the poor man . The landlord liad the power of removing from thc scenes of violence lie had

      described—the capitalist could keep aloof and choose more secure fields of investment , but the poor man , to whose daily existence employment , and consequently the expenditure ofthe capital thus withheld , was absolutely necessary , could not fly from the fatal spot . The primary step towards the pacification of Ireland the indispensable preliminary to the outlay of capita ] , and the employment of labour , was to give security to the one and protection for the life of the other . It was witli that view , and that only , that the bill was proposed . It forms no part of our duty in this place to examine bow far these statements and _rcpro-cntations are correct , or to what extent enlarged and coercive powers ought to bc

      lodged in the hands of the Irish Executive . We will only say , generally , that wc believe a frank , straightforward course of action , for the purpose ot _giving employment and food to the Irish people , and placing tlicm in a position to avoid , by their own exertions , the recurrenco of such a calamity as that which now afflicts them , would not only bo tlte speediest , but thc most effectual way of quelling the natural discontent and turbulence , generated by oppression an ;} misery . Force has for centuries , with very trivial " exceptions , constituted the basis of all legislation for Ireland . Would it not be well , just by way of change , to try tlie effect of , justice—nay more , of kindness ?

      Tho second episode of the week , the Game Bill of Lord Dacre , was noticeable , not on account of any intrinsic merit in the bill itself—for of that it is as destitute as any specimen of hereditary legislation could ho wished or expected to be—but ' ecause it incidentally illustrates tlio tremendous force which public opinion exerts upon every species of social or political abuse at the present timo . There is not a more fruitful cause of prevention to agricultural improvement , of loss to the farmer , and of demoralisation to the rural labourers , than these samo Game Laws . The preserves required for _rearins ;

      and sheltering thc vermin , not only cumber tho ground , but obstruct everything 'like scientific or systematic farming ; the ravages committed by them alike on thc crops of the farmer and the allotment patch Of thu labourer , constitute a serious pecuniary grievance ; und the temptations held out to poaching—thc sanguinary affrays between the poachers and the gamekeepers—the downward course of the former , after being once lodged at tho county gaol , and initiated into the mysteries ofa gaol life—his character gone —his person marked—mako up a , total which constitutes a standing nuisance , and ought to be

      immediately destroyed . Thc bill of Lord Dacre will do do no such thing ; it aims at perpetuating this great abuse , and to prevent poaching at tho samo thno , by means wbich arc as clumsy , inadequate , and ridiculous as can well be imagined . l *_ vcn the Duke of Richmond and Lord Ashuukzox , though differing from each other in the mode they adopt , or the object in view , have better ideas on the subject than this liberal lord . The one says he has long sanctioned the destruction of all the hares and rabbits on his estates as mero vermin ; thc other proposes to take hares out of flic game list altogether , as rabbits now at - .

      The amendment proposed by tlie able champion of thc working classes in Parliament , upon the existing law affecting Friendly Societies , is ofa most important nutiire to these classes . Let our readers carofully mark thc observations of the Home Soeretoy on the subject , especiall y those we have marked in italics , and thoso of succeeding speakers emphasized in a similar way , and they will speedily discover where the shoe pinches . The Home Secretary , like many other class legislators , is , we . are say , sorry that such a Measure as tho Friendly Societies Act was ever passed , ami , could , it be ' . tone , would gladly

      Parliamentary Review.. Tub Introduction ...

      see . tt repealed . Indeed , wa hare often wondered how an Act so favourable to the unrepresented working classes ever did receive legislative sanction . "It stands in its pride alone , " a _speeiesof phoenix among Parliamentary Acts , of which we may say , in -ho _wo-dgofBr __«

      _Mf'' _Onewonder _» _howt _. _ledevilitgott _. _Iere _. It is very likel y that its originators did not themselfes see all the tendencies of their own measure , or were not aware of the uses to which it could be put by the sharp-witted , thinking , industrious classes . It must have amazed them to find that they had unwittingly , in defiance ofthe whole genius and interest of class legislation , given to the sons of labour , left-handed , and indirect , though it be , an opportunity of improving their social condition , of protecting themselves against the aggressions of capital and of associating for the promotion of the rights

      and interest , of theii * class . It _J 8 evident , from the tone of Sir J . Graham ' s remarks , that he is disposed to say "Thus far shalt thou come , but no farther ;" but the time has gone by for such a decree . Trades ' unions and political associations are not only legalised in public opinion , but are so also virtually , by the use wliich has been made of the existing law . They cannot now be attacked , except by means whieh would apply to all other kinds of propert y , and public bodies . The working classes have , by a side door , crept within the pale of the constitution . Let them keep their vantage , ground , and gallantl y support their loader .

      As to the often-adjourned debate on the Corn Laws , we have little fresh to remark . Since our last commentary upon it only two speeches of any novelty have been delivered . We mean those of Mr . _D'Isbaeu and Mr . Furrand . The former showed his usual ability in a new style of oratory ; forthe vituperative he substituted the argumentative . Instead of making one of those brilliant assaults upon the Premier , for which he is famed , he mainly confined himself to the business part of the subject , and handled statistics on the commercial , financial , and social aspects of the question , with very considerable

      power and dexterity . He met the question , not upon thc ground ofthis or that member ' s inconsistency , but upon its own merits , and endeavoured to show that the system of protection was not the odious thing its opponents assumed it to bc . In reply to the vaunted prosperity ofthe Premier , which had followed each successive relaxation of the protective system , he said that Sir Roiiert had proved the case ofthe Protectionists—he had proved that the country was flourishing , because we had given it a just , judicious , and a moderate protection . But the fact of the country prospering under such a modified protection formed no argument for ' its entire abolition .

      He next turned to the case of the League against Protection . Protection said that bod y aimed at two objects—to feed thc people , and employ them . It did neither . In support of the contrary opinion , Mr . _D'Isiueli entered into an elaborate , but spirited examination of tlic past and present state of this country as compared with others . In the conclusion of his speech he hit the ri ght nail on the head ; and more truly apprehended the great question at issue than any speaker who had preceded him .

      I know , said he , and it is from the hi ghest authority in the matter , that this movement is not alone a thing of Corn Laws , it is the transference of power from one class to another , ( Cheers , ) I know that it is a transference from the class who are the present possessors to another , not less distinguished for intelligence and wealth—to tha ;; reat manufacturers of England , ify conscience assures mc that I am not one of those who have been slow in doing justice to the intelligence of that ciuss , and most assuredly I am not one who envies their wide and deserved prosperity . But I can best fulfil my duty , in this age of political _revolutions , when system after system is

      falling around us , when we know and are told that we are to be rescued from the alleged power of one class only to sink uuder the avowed dominion of another — ( _cheere)— I , for one , if this is to be the end of all our struggle—if this is to be the great result of this enlightened era , — solemnly protest . against the ignominious catastrophe . ( Cheers . ; I believe that the monarchy of _England , its Sovereign , with an influence mitigated by the constitutional authority of the estates of the realm , has still a root in the hearts ot Englishmen , and is still capable of securing happiness to the people and power to tho State . ( Cheers , ) But if it be true that it is for these changes we hare progressed , I , for one ,

      anxious as I am to continue our present authority , ready to make as many sacrifices as can any man for that objtict , hope , if we aro sure to have , and must have , a change , that tho foundations will be deep , and that the scheme will be comprehensive , and , in the end , instead of fulling under such a thraldom , a thraldom of capital—( cheers ) , —a thraldom of those who make a boast of their intelligence , and who are proud of their wealth , I say , for one , that if we must bend to a new course of things , I will strive to maintain the ancient throne and moral monarchy of England ; and sooner than we should so fall , I would prefer to And those invigorating energies we should lose in an educated and enfranchised people . ( Loud cheers . )'

      Mr . _Fbrrand ' s speech was of a different cast , but not less telling in its own dashing , straightforward stylo . In accordance with his usual tactics , instead of defending his own side , he carried the war into the enemies , camp . His dissection of the speeches delivered by several ministerial members to their constituents , and in the house , before Peel changed , . and the contrast drawn between them and their present opinions , was one of tbe richest things ever done

      in the house ; and the st yle in which he charged the League , exposed the working ofthe factory system , and the _hollownoss of the expectations based upon Corn Law repeal , while machinery was unregulated and competition unrestricted , was ofthe true Ferrand stamp . The fact of his keeping a large house together for upwards of two hours , is perhaps the best proof that can bc offered of the vigorous nature of his address .

      At tho moment of printing this the debate is still going on , but from what fell from Mr . ' Miles , tke leader of the Protectionists , on Tuesday night , we confidently anticipate being able to give the conclusion and division on Saturday morning . Saturday Morning . As we anticipated , the curtain fell on the conclusion of the . first act of the great Parliamentary struggle this morning , about three o clock . The result was , a majority for the Minister of xinkty-sevkx The crack speech of the night was that of Mr . Cobden , who , though looking very ill , made an assault upon the Protectionist party , characterised by his wclKknown vigour and tact as a debater . He seems indeed to have reserved himself expressly for the purpose of being in at the death .

      So the House" has decided that they will examine the ministerial measure ; but its adoption ?—many stagesintervene between its present position and that . That a desperate light will be made in committee we have no doubt . The Fabian policy of delay , and taking advantage of tho opportunities which may turn up in the meantime , will , no doubt , ho the game of tho Protectionists . The result of all the elections in which the agricultural constituency have yet been appealed to , is well calculated to induce

      them to pursue this course , and to cause them t ° urge on a dissolution of Parliament as the onl y way of procuring what they consider " fair play" for themselves and party . The astute Premier , however , has at present thc game in his own hands , and is too wily a tactician to . give up any advantage he possesses . We are , as yet , only at thc " beginning of the end , " anil though the majorit y seems a large one , no one can now say whether the termination will bc a dissolution or the adoption of the nie » swe .

      Cc Mmi'$ Fc' Coro-J-Pn&Ents

      _Cc mmi' $ _fc ' _Coro-j-pn & _ents

      The Imuiideitous Misciu_A_T Jounstoni; ,...

      The _iMuiiDEitous Misciu _ a _ t Jounstoni ; _, of tue "Tory . " _* _> Y _. bave received tbe following from a valued friend , and iil-hough it came to us in the shape of a private ' l ' _tioil-l _. letter , its . sound sense -warrants us taking the liberty of making public use of it . With every word written by our friend wo cordially coneuv : — " I knew that a jury found llobert Mason guilty , and tliat a judge sentenced him to be transported beyond the seas during the term of his natural life . I knew that

      another jury found Henry Cooke guilty , and that another judge sentenced him to bo banged , which savage sentence—savage in this case—was carried into effect . I knew that , more recently , another jury found Mary 1 uvley guilty , mid that another judge sentenced her to be banged , like poor Cooke . I knew these tacts but 1 _didnot think England contained twelve men , who alter hearing the evidence given by the crew of the 'Tory , ' would let the monster Johnstone escape upou the plea of insanity . Good God Almighty ! to think ol Brian Sewy—an innocent man—hanged , aud this mon-

      The Imuiideitous Misciu_A_T Jounstoni; ,...

      steryet alive J , _* iot one bit insane was he any more thiin Herod waa ' when he slew the innocwiti—or than Nero , and Caligula _^ and Dotnitian were , when they butchered thousands _—<* r than Napoloon was whan , in cold biood , he slaughtered his Mameluko prisoners ' on the Egyptian sands—or tnan Nicholas , the woman whipper , is at the present moment , V * hat ! and shall we knock on the head a faithful and trusty dog after he turns mad , and yet permit this brute to live ? A . _ra we to be taxed to feed , and clothe , and tend this monster —and is it to . be borne—patiently borne 1 And the names of the jurors ! are they to be forgotten ? \ f _\ n you , gen tlemen of the press , not print them , just 33 you do the _namesof the Peterloo butchers ? Itis right that

      their names should be known , in order tbat _. they may be hooted whenever and wherever they show their ugly faces . I'll warrant they were a set of soulless wretches , non-resistance and passive-obedience-mongers , who would gabble " an hour by Shrewsbury clock" about all war being wrong , and abolition of punishment by death , and so forth . Oh ! how I hate this slabbering cant , and how I despise those mental eunuchs , whose doctrines , if carried into effect , would quarter whole Hordes of monsters , like Johnstone , on tho public . So ! no ! let us be just—let us bo merciful—but let us not encourage the wholesale murderer , by telling him that imprisonment for life will be the heaviest punishment

      he will have to suffer . One ' s blood runs cold to think of the brute ordering a rope to ba noosed round the loins of the poor half-killed seaman . Are not the pound of strong hemp and " the stout _cross-beam" the proper things for such monsters 1 " —J . M . K . V . PARKES , _Marilebo . ne . —It is illegal to advertise or announce raffles . Ma . Davis , I )_ pt-0-D . — The article on tbe militia previously received , was already in type when the second communication came to hand . John L __ w ___ _. _ begs to acknowledge the receipt of 17 s . 8 d . from thc Somers Town friends , including Is from Mr . Thomas Cooper , for which hc returns his

      sincere thanks . Tue Toweb Hamlets M . P . ' s . and the _Chabtist Exiles . —The following are tbe answers ofthe mem . bers for the Tower Hamlets , in reply to queries submitted by the chairman ( Dr . Bowkett ) , of the meeting recently held at the Literary Institution , Poplar ;—" Ilouse of Commons , Feb . 20 , 1816 . Sir , —I have received your letter , together with the two petitions which accompanied it . I have tbis day presented them . —Your Obedient servant , C . R . Fox , "— " Hertford-street , _May-fair , Feb . 20 , 1816 . Sir Wm . Clay presents his compliments to Mr . Bowkett , and in reply te his letter ( received only yesterday ) , begs to expla ' n that the rules of the Ilouse of Commons do not permit of any observations being made ou the presentation of

      petition ! , and it is not , therefore , in hig power to support the prayer of the petition referred to b y Mr Bowkett , and presented by Col . Fox . " T .... C—Send the advertisement when issued , also par . tiuHlars . —T . M . Wheeler . The LancashiK - _Colliees . — We give the following very sensible letter _Justus it came to hand , assuring our correspondent that it _.. quiras no correction whatever , while we cannot allow it to pass wilhout com _. mant : — " Respected Sir , —A very extensive strike o £ the colliers of the Bury , Bolton , and numerous other districts in this part of the country , has taken place ; and as itis not generally known , wa wish It to be pub . lishedin your extensively circulated paper , that those who may be applied to by the masters to come and fill

      their places , by offering increased wages , and deceiving them by saying the colliers ofthis place are uot turned out , may have an opportunity of knowing the real cause of dispute . It is a well-knownfact _, that themastets have been in the habit ofgetting moro coals to the surface than there was demaud for ; their object for this , is very clear to every one , even to the disinterested . The colliers , therefore , proposed to limit tlieir time of labour one half . The masters foreseeing the consequences of this proposition , preferred , rather than submit to it , that they should work none . And a general _ejecttneut from their houses of all those that lived under them , was immediately put in force to the number of forty fimilie 6 , thu majority of the _ u having been born in the houses thev have been forced from . The

      unprincipled tyrants have been scouring the country for several weeks , and have succeeded in getting several coach-loads of knobsticks ; seven individuals of the number brought were from Bradford , and being ignorant ofthe matter , having searched the Star for inlbrmation , and none to be found , they wero induced to como , but went back again ihe next morning . Hoping that you will correct and insert these few lines , with a little of your own comment on the matter , as many ot the colliers are giving up the Star in consequence oi tliis strike uot appearing in it ; and I firmly _bslieve , that a line before this , has never been sent for _inst-rtion . Tliere are some who think that the Star should he acquainted with , and publish every thing , whether tliev send word or not . —I remain , yours devotedly , —

      Radclifte Bridge , Feb . 22 . P . S . "We have live shillings for the Executive ; will post-stamps doinsteadofa postoflice order 1 " [ It is quite true that there ave ninny who think that the Star should be acquainted witli , _andjshould publish every thing , whether they send word or not . It is also quite true , that we have solicited the lecturers and leaders ofthe colliers to furnish uj with the necessary intelligence for the guidance of their party , and it is equally tru » that not on _« line has ever come to our oliic . in connection with the movement of the colliers , that has not been published . We have devoted more attention to this section of labour than to any other . When they were on strike in Northumberland and Durham , we allowed tbem the privilege of running in our debt , and our agents took a very mean

      advantage of the permission , by remaining so . The colliers—that is , the leaders ofthe colliers—have professed to attach more importance to a finger ' s length in any other paper , than to columns iu the Star . We can scarcely hope to be exempt from the censure of men , who , having provoked a premature strike _in'N ' orthumberland and Durham , then turned round upon the men who had given them strength as a party , aud gained triumphs that were almost incredible , to cover their own folly . We have pursued a very novel course with regard to the colliers—we have extracted every passage from the $ 1111 , the Dispatch , and other papers that spoke favourably of them , nnd our thanks now are that wehave neglected them . However , we tell the WOBKI-iG COLLIERS , that no neglect of their

      lecturers shall ever drive us from the advocacy of their righteous cause , and that when the world frowns upon tlicm , they may always calculate upon our sympathy , our countenance , and our support . Wo thank our friend for his kind letter , and only suppress his inline , lest the tyrants should turn him also out of the liouse where he was born . No doubt these tender-hearted masters are all free traders . We trust , however , that every trade throughout the kiugdoiu , as well as " the Associated Trades of England , " will * u » tain the colliers of Bolton and Bury in their endeavour to carry out the principle of restriction—the one of all others uioit needed by the working classes : Mr . Shaw and Serjeant Ridley . —In compliment to Mr . Shaw himself , we must really decline publishing : hi * very sensible , but by no means requisite , answer t »

      Serjeant Kidley . The propriety of Mr . Shaw ' s election for the metropolitan district to the recent Convention was perfectly right and proper , and was further justitied by his conduct as a delegate to that Convention . We would , therefore , very respectfully invite him to stand at ease , and not to receive the word of command from Serjeant Ridley . Half . _a-Dozbs ! or _Fol-r . Acre Men- , Manbhestrr . —Next week we shall have much pleasure in answering their question tully , as to the mode of procuring light , a » well as the number of shareholders . J . S . ME-YIU , _Kirkaldv . —Threepence a-week is the subscription to the Anti-Militia Fund ; Jlr . i ' _ttirgUO'Connor is treasurer . The individual subscription may be sent in postage stamps , addressed , " Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., ltf , Great Windmill-street , Haymarket , London . "

      H . Page , Shoemaker . _—Welwpe to be able te forward him n copy next week . Benjamin Fox . —Theelderbrother of deceased ean claim the property . William Fuunival . —If a shareholder who has _taksu out a two-acre share , wishes to alter ic to a threeacre share , he will have to pay £ 1 0 s . more , and he is then entitled to a certificate for three acres , to a liouse that will cost £ 49 , and toA ' -2 10 s . capital . _Seujeatst H _ o __ _. ___ > T . Miles , JI _ scn _ s _. ___ . —T _' sum . answer as to Mr . Shaw ; wc really cannot interfere with nny of Mv . Ridley ' s other appointment ?! a * '

      believe him to hav » discharged his duty as secretary to o the United Patriots' Association with great energy J aud honesty . We omitted t * observe , that in __* _** Mr . Shaw ' s letter he states that Serjeant Ridley is is working heaven and earth to create dissension between en Mr . O'Connor and Mr . Cooper . As to that , wo must 1 st leave the matter entirely with Mr . Cooper , as Mr . Ir . O'Connor knows nothing of it . Operative Smiths of London . — Tho " address" only ily reached us on Saturday morning ( this day ) , when it is : is utterly impossible for us to find room for it . It shall all appear next week _.

      General Corres . oxdence . —We really receive so many any letters of four , _Uto , and six pages upon Militia »» , ! >» , ! Ltnul subjects , with stamps enclosed , as if for reply by . by letter , tliat we are not able to read them . We hav * iav _. again to request our Mends tw be brief , as _other-i _*" " _* -,. _is _. their questions must remain unanswered . H . Hague , Kentish Town . —Three miles from the _lVst-post Office is the limit within which newspapers are chargedrged a penny . VETEftAN PAflllWYS' _ANT > EXILES' "WIDOWS' AND CHIL-. HILbuen ' s Funds . —I beg to acknowledge the receipt - » j ) t et _I'h . from Mr . Overton ( _belug Ts . from . ln . Ue ~ lr . uarA a _> _-

      _ _ 5 s . from Sunderland , sent to Mr . Wheeler ); dlso of Af il from Mr . Edward Mitchull , of llochdale ; also of £ k £ 1 from ilr . Davtt Pott , of Birmingham . I beg most c _ rt _earnestly that every member of commit tee will meet m __ t nie 111 the Ceft _' ee-voom , at the Hall , 1 , Turnagain-lane , h _" . _tiexl Sunday attemoon ( to-morrow ) , at half . past two , in or ™ or _det that we may make arrangements for holding the sehe se eond quarterl y public meeting on the following Sunda Jndav Such members of the committee as I have seen , _thiiilthin ! it will bc much better to propose to a public tn « _tiiij « tiii tliat the recipients from our funds do henceforth re _ h re ceive regular weekly help , sufficient _tosupply their _viaitt-taitt

      moreover since the present committees are at the erne en of their quarterly tenur . of office , thoy do not think i iink i modest to enter on a step of so important a natur \ aturi undone that would bind their saec-ssors . Tuo _ . _ uo _ . _ Coo _.-it _, _Soci-et-ir } _- , 134 . Bl ; _tck ! _. _ ur '* . tQ ; i _( l

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 28, 1846, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_28021846/page/4/