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Northern Star (1837-1852), 28th February 1846, Edition 3 of 4, Page 1, Dreadful Explosion and Loss ov Life on t...

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  • Departments (5)
    • TO THE IMPERIAL CHARTISTS.
    • Comsfpoiwence
    • $WW\ gffatrss
    • Central Criminal Court
    • iortl)Commg £mtixtt&
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      To The Imperial Chartists.

      TO THE IMPERIAL CHARTISTS .

      Mr Beioved Fejesbs . —If A Life Of Consi...

      Mr Beioved _Fejesbs _. —If a life of consistency snd perseverance can entitle me to the respect of a patient and considerate hearing , I now appeal to roar patience and . consideration . When ihe "battle if right against might raged hottest , I was in its foismost rants ; when power called for its victims , I cheerfully bore , not only my own share , but that which the folly , the indiscretion , and treachery of

      others imposed npon me . When the fever was over , and the nation relapsed into quiescence , I stood almost alone in the calm ; I rejoiced that if there was political apathy , that apathy was caused by a com parative improvement in your social condition . My great aim and object , through , life , has been to break down the crotchet terriers that sectionalised the labour class , and to amalgamate the national mind in one irresistible , overwhelming flood of thought .

      I early foresaw that the centralisation ofthe wealth j could only be resisted by the centralisation of the poor ; and to prove that my mission has not been abortive , and my undertaking fruitless , I must again ask yon to take a retrospective glance at the position of tour order previously to tlie establishment of the jVbrtnem Star , and to contrast it with your present position . First , see our progress from 1 S ___ to 3 _S 42 . In 18-0 , it cost ns £ 9 , 000 to get np twelve hundred thousand signatures on behalf of onr principles ; in 18-1 , onr petition numbered 2 , 300 , 000 , and

      cost ns bnt £ 87 ; in 13 __ , onr petition numbered three millions and a half , and cost ns not a fraction In 1 S 35 , we had not a working man who would venture to do more than propose or second a resolution Up to that p _ nod , there were few , if any , public meetings consisting exclusively of the working classes . When their sham leader- wished to make a display , they were obliged to have recourse to the patronage , the countenance , and the pockets of those JLP . ' s who were most squeezable , and who possessed tbe greatest amount of sham liberality .

      From that period to the present , I defy jon to show mc a angle instance in which , we were upon , the eve of one * n-tory or another , that our triumph was not marred by the treachery of professing friends . WE NEVER HAVE BEEN BEATEN BY OUR OPPONENTS . ISow , behold the difference . Every town Ib fortified withlegions of eloquent propounders of yonr own principles . Discussion is invoked , bat denied . The press hears but to revile—reports but to damn . The Crown is opposed to yon—ihe Lords are opposed to yoa—the Commons are opposed to _yon—tiie press is opposed to yoa—the army is opposed to vou—the navy is opposed to yon—the police

      force is opposed to yon—the Church is opposed to you—the landed aristocracy is opposed to you—capitalists of all shades aro opposed to you—machinery is opposed to you—corporate power is opposed to you —the law is opposed to you—the judges are opposed to you—the jury class is opposed to you—the bar is opposed to yon , said givesyoa bnt an equivocal , hired support—the middle classes are opposed to yon—the officers of trades' societies are opposed to yon—the aristocracy of labour is opposed to you—the comparatively comfortable of jour own class are opposed to you—and not only are those several classes respectively opposed to you , but a union of them can onlv be effected when the object is your oppression .

      Now , bear with me when I ask you to give a moment's cairn reflection to such an undeniable array of facts ; and when youhave reflected , then ask yourselves whether or no there must not have been some charm to have protected the C _3 __ rtist body from such a combination of adverse elements ? Itis because we have withstood the combination of so many powers , when they were united upon conunnn grounds , that I now ask yeu—that I now implore of you—that I now beseecliyou to be prepared for that day , which is JUST AT BAND , when our combined strength can be effectively directed against the disorganised ranks of faction .

      In 1 S 39 , and in IS--. I traversed the country by nigbt and by day , to caution you against the snares and the traps that the manufacturers had laid for you . I told jou , everywhere , to foldyour arms while . actions fought their own battles , but you were deaf ; nevertheless I did not desert you , but again stood my trial at Lancaster , and defended even your indiscretion . Since then , a culpable apathy has invited every « iiat to sting , every snarling cur to bite at me .

      I have stood all—I CAN STAND iMORE ; and now the time Ms arrived when I may be called upon to stand the more powerful shock of powerful faction . Bnt I am ready for that , whether you are prepared or no . The measures of Sir Robert . Peel will very speedily force you into defensive action . They are but the mean 3 to an end , and the end will be in strict accordance to the means you use : it will be your salvation or your undoing .

      "When Peel ' s policy was submitted to the country I was charmed with it ; but , nevertheless , from the subordinate position that I hold in the movement , I did not feel myself justified in submitting it tothe country with a stamp of my own conviction and approval alone . I felt it to be my duty to take the opinion of our recognised leader , and for that purpose held many conferences with him . Without knowing mv mind , ie argued every question like a far-seeing

      statesman , like a wise politician , and real philanthropist . He resolved that the measure should be taken as a whole , eulogised as a whole , and not lessened in importance by a Euggardly carping at those portions -which may appear at first sight to -hreaten injury to particnlar sections of the labour class ; while he would us his every endeavour , while in comr-it-ee , so to amend those portions of the mea sure as would lessen the hardsMps on the respective branches whose interests they were supposed to

      Not only had Ibis acquiescence in the measure , bnt I had Lis most nnqualified approval , with the understanding that he would resist to the last any attempt to -filter away those portions which must , ultimately , lead to the regulation of machinery , and the more equitable distribution of its produce . Mr . Duncombe ' s speech on Thursday night last , more than ever convinced me of his fitness as a leader , bis power as a legislator , and his courage as a man . I heard that speech delivered , and it was gall and

      wormwood to those who hoped yet to throw out the fire years' RETROSPECTIVE industrial residence _, _ifark , the difference between prospeetive and retrospective is this : —Retrospective means , that every man who has resided in the parish in which he bas worked for the last five years , shall be entitled to a settlement : prospective means , that if a man comes now to reside , he shall live there five years to come before he is entitled to a settlement . I have strong reason to believe and hone that an amendment will be mo . ed and carried for a THREE YEARS'

      RESIDENCE . Let me now ask you when there has been an instance in this country before , of one of tiie leaders of the people , outside , so cordially co-operating with a leader inside , and se devoted to him , personally and publicly , as fo be ready fo sacrifice Ms own life , cheerfnlly , in defence of his leader ? Is not this an advantage that the working classes never possessed before—and one to which they must mainly ascribe their present proud position ? While others

      would vainly attempt to pull me down , there is no sacrifice that I would think too great to elevate Mr . Duncombe in popular estimation . I now come to the burthen of my letter . I have told you , times out . of number , that the repeal of the Corn Laws was not a thing of sueh easy accomplishment . I have ever told you , that the landlords and farmers at the plough would beat the farmers that whistle at Downing-street , and would risk a revolution rather than abandon their political privileges , and surrender a portion of their property !

      Stanley ' s speech , upon Lord Beaumont s motion , convinces me that the present tactics ef that party are to turn every pulpit in the country into an agitating stage , in favour , not so much of protection to agri-ultore , as in behalf of rank Protestantism and b y Toryism . The object of his speech was to put the Chnrch upon its metal by alarming it into resistance . Ihave stood almost alone , while I approved of Peel's measures , in the assertion that thev

      would not be so easily earned . I told you , when last in Lancasbire , that the nest step taken by Stanley and Richmond would be , not the mere formation of a Protectionist government , bnt the formation of a high Tory go . eramen-. The several contests that have since taken place , and especially in South Nottinghamshire , prove to me that something more than the mere pledge of protection will be required at the next general election Irom Tory candidates .

      Mr Beioved Fejesbs . —If A Life Of Consi...

      It was a mere fallacy , a piece of bombast on tho part ofthe League to attempt to convince the people that a large number of the rural constituencies were _with them . I tell them that they will lose even the West Riding of Yorkshire in the next struggle , and that that struggle is now at hand , and that my object is to prepare you for it . Well , then , when it comes , we must look well to what we do , and while we seek to destroy one faction , we must take care that we do not elevate a more cruel , irresistible , and dangerous one npon its rains . ' We mast not fight under the banners of free trade , we must fi ght under the Chartist banners , remaining wholly and entirely distinct from the mere cheap bread faction ; we must rally under Duncombe as our leader , and in all things obey his righteous commands . '

      Now , should the Lords throw out the measure , thc League , with millions at its back , will endeavour to hurry the country into a senseless revolution . WE WILL SOT HAVE IT THIS TIME , and , therefore , what I propose on my own responsibility is this : that fifty delegates shaU be elected by the fifty towns or districts , to which the Executive shall issue their writs next week , and that they shall hold themselves in readiness at an honr ' s notice to start for London , there to sit as a Chartist Convention ,- / governing the movement , taking advantage of all circumstances that may conduce to our triumph , and obeying the commands of their constituents . Over this

      Convention I make no doubt that Mr . Duncombe would cheerfully accept the oflicc of chairman , which would give the country unmixed pleasure , and compel the corrupt press to convey Chartist strength to all corners of the globe . The expense of this delegation not to be borne by the towns from which delegates _aressnt only , but by the country at large ; while , again , I undertake that no delegate shall want his six shillings on each night , as I could not lay the crime to my conscience of having a second coat , while I saw that power was jeopardised for want of timely represen tations . I invite you to think well upon this project , and to bear in mind , that ifwe are out of the

      struggle , or forced into it thoughtlessly , that we shall be absent upon the day when the spoils of triumph are divided . Let us have an answer from every town in England npon this ' policy as speedily as possible , so that writs may be issued to the several towns without delay , and that we may not be taken by surprise . In conclusion , I tell you again that I would rather live under a military despotism than under a united government of League and Whigs , and if you want further proof than that furnished seven davs in the week , read the two beastly letters

      of Thomas Babington Macauley _, one of the Wilis Cabinet , and then ask yourselves what you have to expect from such a tribe . If you are not ready NOW , and if , for want of your preparedness ,-the League cajoles the country , then blame yourselves , and not me . I am prepared to face the dungeon , the dock , or the scaffold on behalf of Labour , but I am not pre pared to advocate Labours cause after Labour shall have handed itself over , bound neck and heels , to its greatest , its bitterest , its most cruel , griping , and unrelenting foe .

      I told you when iu York Castle that the test of patriotism was to live honestly and die a pauper . Whether I have lived honestly you can tell , and that 1 shall die a pauper no rational man can entertain a doubt . However , I ean , thank God , yet subscribe myself Your uncompromising , unpurchaseable , and faithful friend and servant , _I-URGCS 0 ' C 0 __«» 0 B .

      To Thomas Babington Macauley, Whig Nomin...

      TO THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULEY , WHIG NOMINEE FOR EDINBURGH . Sir , —If any communication that I have to make to you was to be confined to mere letter-writing , I should abstain from the task for two reasons . Firstly as regards _yaurself , your mind is not in a fit state to receive knowledge ; and , secondly , all who may have read yonr Tery foolish letters are not very likely to receive my answer . I therefore write this letter more

      for the defence of my own party , than from any hope of making any Impression upon you . My answer to you , sir , is this : I will meet you on the hustings at Edinburgh when the next _opportunity presents itself , and I will there arraign you of folly , falsehood , ignorance , and incompetency . I have no hope , sir , tbat my triumph will go beyond the mere exhibition of blistered hands , while , be the result what it may in the polling-booths , I hereby pledge myself most solemnly to fight the battle to its close , by polling as long as the law allows .

      Allow me to remind you that a previous colleague of yours , now an expectant pensioner , once boasted at Edinburgh that he bad killed Chartism . No doubt you believed his assertion , but it shall be my task to show you sneh a resurrection , as will convince you of his error . I shaU now select a few passages from your letters for very brief comment . Upon the subject of Universal Suffrage , you write thus : — My reasons for objecting to Universal Suffrage are very different . I believe tbat the non-electors are as deeply interested as I sm in the security of property and tbe maintenance of order ; bnt I believe tbat a very large portion of tbem do not understand tbeir own interest , and might easily be induced , by _thepressureof immediate _distrcBt . to act in opposition te their own interest .

      Now , sir , allow me te ask what emergency could have induced yoa to write so senseless , so foolish , so ignorant , so contradictory a passage ? You admit tbat the BODY of the non-electors bave an equal interest with yourself in the preservation of order , but that a PORTION of them maybeinfluenced"by the pressure of immediate distress to act in opposition to their own interest . " So then , sir , jou rely upon tbe " pressureof immediate distress " upon a portion of the non-electors as a reason for withholding the franchise from the body ? Why , most foolish man , that is the very nncontroverted and incontro vertible principle upon which we demand the enfranchisement ofthe BODY , inorder that no PORTION _Imay be INDUCED TO ACT UNDER THE

      PRESSURE OF IMMEDIATE DISTRESS . Now , I am aware that arguing witb yon , nntil 1 bave an Edinburgh jury , Is "throwing pearls before swine , " nevertheless , I must proceed with my extracts and comments . You go on , and iu speaking of the objects avowed in the national petition , you say . — - They avowed tbat their object * were national bankruptcy , confiscation ofthe soil , of canals , of railroads , ot machinery—in short , the destruction ofall property .

      Now , sir , you are aware that that was a gross , a gratuitous , a wilful and palpable falsehood . They avowed neither one or other of those objects . They avowed that if you wre an Indian pensioner , receiving a large salary for insulting the natives , that you should be paid out of taxes imposed upon those who required yonr service . The petitioners required net national bankruptcy , but that the parties who owed the debt should pay it ; Sir Robert Peel has since carried a large per centage of this poliey into

      practical operation by diminishing the interest upon funded property , aad imposing a property-tax to pay another portion of the interest , and you supported him . The petitioners did not require the " confiscation of either land , railroads , canals , or machinery ;" what they required , and justly , was , that they should be made amenable to national , and not to class purposes ; and that is what they and I still maintain . So much fer the political portions of your letter , * and now for a word upon the constitutional principles . Yoa say , —

      _Iholddefcnsitewor _tobt Umfnl and necessary . I conceive tliat the state has a right to call on every citizen to bear a part iu protecting his native soil against assailants . Why , sir , the petitioners hold precisely the same views , but they also hold that they must possess the soil , or Borne more rijjht in it than you have left In your Poor Law Amendment Act , before they can enter into a DEFENSIVE WAR for its protection . I need not remind yon of the ; excellent advice of Mrs . Glasse— "FIRST CATCH YOUR HARE , AND THEN COOK IT _'_ i

      To Thomas Babington Macauley, Whig Nomin...

      and I assure you that when the petitioners _CATGJI THE LAND they will protect it against Whig plunderers or foreign invaders , whether they appear as a naval squadron in the Forth , or as glib philosophers , MaltWians , or sophists on the hustings . You proceed thus , and I cannot forbear reprinting your opinions on the volunta ry principle at length : •—Now , if you may laufidly contribute to the support of d kind of force which has been and may be employed in offensive war , surely you may , without a twinge of eonscience , contribute to the support of a force which in , bs its nature , strictly defensive , and which IS not likely ever toshed a drop of blood , unless danger ofthe most fearful

      kind should come near to our own hearths . I persuade myielf that your aversion to the use of arms does net go to such height that yoa would hold yourself morally bound to see Edinburgh sacked _byinvaders without striking a blow for yoar home _aadfemily . Now , tbe militia is meant to be peculiarly a security against invaders . It is not an instrument of aggression . You must therefore admit it to be , as compared with the regular army , sn innocent institution . If , then , jou refuse to pay anything towards the militia , while' yeu ure _pajbig the soldiers and sailers who have just been fighting at Buenos . Ayres , I must say that yon strain at a gnat and swallow a camel .

      What then , sir ,- you . see no distinction between voluntary contribution for the maintenance of war , and a coinpuhory tax levied at the . point of the bayonet ? You argue as if the people not onl v _vohmtarily , but cheerfully paid tKose taxes by which warare carried on . You don't seem to understand the difference between the voluntary and compulsory principle . Really , sir , your illustration _inmost laughable ; it is you who appear to swallow the camel and strain at the gnat ; and verily , if hitherto you have preserved a character for eloquence in modern Athens , I think you have now entitled yourself to the distinction of P . N . L .. Professor of New Logic .

      I now dismiss the constitutional portion of your letters , and shall offer a comment or two upon y eur notions of justice . Your lamentations over the great destruction committed at Newport are very charac teristic , coming from a "turbulent and designing " Malthusiah Whig , whose party have committed more destruction upon , the rights of the working classes than all other parties put together , who created turbulence through famine , and nearly a national Bankruptcy through jobbing and peculation . The magistrate who was wounded in the ' discharge of his duty was a _petty-fogging lawyer , one Thomas Phillips , now Sir Thomas . "Atf if it please ye , " he was not wounded in the discharge of hi ? duty , he wounded himself with a broken pane of glass in the attempt to put up a shutter to screen himself from his

      townsmen , to whom he bad rendered himself odious ; and report says , and I believe it , that the room smelled very unsavoury while engaged IN THE DISCHARGE OF HIS DUTY-this was the only discharge that I have heard of . You say , " what has been their punishment ? Transportation for about five years ? " Now , that was not their punishmenttheir punishment was sentence of death commuted to transportaion tor life . Five years' transportation is the limit we wish to put to the punishment ; and really , sir , for a professor of new logic , a barrister , a member of Parliament , ex-king , ex-cabinet minister , and to be ex-M . P . for Edinburgh , the people have a right to expect better reasoning . You close your brutal epistle thus : — "I cannot hold out any hope that I shall vote for an address in favour of these

      GREAT CRIMINALS . " Now , sir , I tell you here , as I shall tell you to your teeth in Edinburgh , that you are a GREATER CRIMINAL . Your master , Lord John Russell , and your party , led to the commission of thaterime , and perpetrated more crimes against the nation , than in the longest life they could obliterate . You robbed the poor , and fattened upon the plunder . Sou coerced Ireland—you transported the niost enthusiastic of your friends , and hung the most serviceable of your allies . You entered into league and covenant with the Political Union of Birmingham , and then you attempted to frame an act for the annihilation of all unions . You stretched the law in favour of tyranny , and withheld its protection from those

      whom you induced to violate its provisions . lour many crimes and delinquencies , however , shall receive the fitting chastisement when the fitting time arrives . The public has long marked you as a heartless pensioner , and I will brand you as a consistent juggler . You boast of eloquence , but you are a mere bladder-full of wordy nothings . You are a glib philosopher , a stern Malthusian . You hate mankind , because you look mere like a stall-fed , shaved ape , than like a human creature . You are everything that ' s bad , nothing that ' s good . You are an awkward pedant , an ugly fop , a GREAT CRIMINAL . Pray be consistent , and don't insult our friends by voting for their release , I am , your enemy , Fit ARGUS _O'COHKOR .

      Comsfpoiwence

      _Comsfpoiwence

      "The People Fight And Suffer:—Think Ye ....

      " The people fight and suffer : —think ye . Sirs , If neither country had been cursed witb chief , The peasants would have quarrelled !" John Ball , of SouUiey _' s Wat Tyler

      70 THB EDITOR OF THK . XOaTHEHN STAR . Dear Sib , —You will perceive tbat a . Star sometimes reaches into the north of Yorkshire ; I observed in the Star of February 7 th , that there is a society sprung into existence called tbe _"National Anti-Militia Society . " I beg leave to ask if any person , ns distant as I am , would be eligible to become a member of tbe said society ; and should I be allowed to join , would there be any objection against sending a post order for five shillings at once , as I consider it would save both trouble and expense 1 It is true , sir , I can ill afford to do so , but would strain a point to do it , if allowed . Perhaps the committee may require to know my objections against serving in the militia : if so , I can only simply state , that I have no voice in making such laws as the militia laws , or in

      choosing the men who do make tbem ; and , therefore , 1 don't see how I can , with any justice , be called upon to obey thero . Secondly , I don't like fighting , it is a trade I never practised , and I don ' t feel inclined now , at furtjtWO years of age , to leain the art . Thirdly , I have nothing to protect , save a wife and four children , tliree of whom are above ten years of age ; nevertheless , I think they require so much of my attention and care , that I ought to have no time to spare to learn the art and mystery of becoming a human butcher . Last , I cannot perceive any right I have to take , or to attempt to take any man ' s life , by any means that a government may

      tbink proper to put into my power , under the pretence of serving tbe Queen and country ; and I should object to hire another person to do the work I object to do myself . In self-defence I should believe myself justified in taking any man's life , or in defence of my wife and children , though it might be against the law ofthe land : the consequences I might , perhaps , bave to consider afterwards . Will you please to inform me if I should be accepted , also the secretary ' s address , and the most convenient place for a post-order to be drawn at , which will greatly obUge Your obedient , humble servant , Hovingham , Feb . 24 , 1840 . Robert Johnstone .

      P . S . —I ought to have stated that 1 have nothing to support my family on , save what I earn by journeyman shoemaki-g , and which amounts to ten shillings or twelve shillings per week , it . j . [ We thank our friend for his manly letter , and , in reply , beg to congratulate bim npon having D 1 SQUALIFIBD himself for the trade of man . butcher by getting four children . He need not send five shillings from bis poor store , be is exempt in consequence of having four children ; two would do , but we hope he will lovo tliem all the better for the service they have saved him from . We honour his love of _justicein not wishing to hire a SUUSTITUTE MUllDERER . ]

      The Late M. Q. V. Ryall, Whose Death We ...

      THE LATE M . Q . V . RYALL , whose death we announced in last week ' s -Star , was buried at St . John ' s-wood on Sunday afternoon , February 22 nd , followed by his friends , and committed to a grave without priestly interference . Over his ashes , . Messrs . Paterson , Ruffv Ridley , and llornbiower , bore public testimony to liis private and social virtues , moral purity , honest daring , intellectual ability , and literary excellence . Thus closed the career of a true champion of popular right , who died as he had lived , an undaunted foe to religious despotism , and a most earnest advocate ot man ' s noblest prerogatives . }

      $Ww\ Gffatrss

      $ WW \ _gffatrss

      First In Importance Is The Intelligence ...

      First in importance is the intelligence of the progress of - _¦*• ¦ • TIIE WAR IN INDIA . A full account of the _sanguinary battles of Moodke and _Ferozeshah will be found in our fifth and sixth pages . Press of matter compels us to postpone our observations on the origin ef the war , which we purpose in oar next to elucidate for the information ol our readers . The news of the intended insurrection in

      POLAND , which was to have commenced on the 9 th instant , has not been confirmed , but there can be no doubt that the insurrection was fully expeeted , as is _pnoved bythe despotic measures employed to nip it in the bud . We give in another column Borne details bf the arrests of the suspected . The Universal German Gaxette states that the police had seized the treasury ofthe "conspirators , ' * _eontaininu --. 00- thalers . This , if true , is a heavy misfortune . Terror reigns throughout unhappy Poland , but the terrorists themselves tremble , doubting , as they do , the fidelity of their armed forces . A letter from Lemberg in Galicia ( that part of Poland under the tyranny of Austria ) , describes the army as being " compromised" as well as the people . The government * ' d isirusts the political dispositions of the troops . " Although the prisons are full , the arrests continue on a _&** ee scale .- _^ " _^ - _" _-. _'" _% ' .: ' ' _^ . ' ¦ ¦¦ --

      Since the above was written wo have seen it stated in the German journals , that an insurrection has broken out in the Polish province of Volhynia , one of the provinces annexed to Russia in the first partition of Poland . The news this week from

      FRANCE is not very interesting . On Saturday a renewal of the struggle on the question of Public Instruction took place ia the Chamber of Deputies ! , in which M . Bebbyer and the Legitimists supported the Ministry against the motion of M . _Barrot and M . Thiers , which was rejected by a majority of 67 . On Monday M . Guizot formally declared , in one of the bureaux ofthe Chamber of Deputies , that the government had completely abandoned all idea of sending an expedition to Madagascar , aiid tbat it would content itself with reinforcing the garrisons of Bourbon and Mayotte . lie added , that the English government would follow the example of France , and not chastise the Hovas upon this matter . The two governments evidently see , that under present circumstances , " discretion is the better part of valour . " The Arabs and the Sikhs are cutting out more than sufficient

      work for both governments . Tlie Chamber ot Deputies assembled on Monday to examine the project of law relative to certain extraordinary credits demanded by the Minister of War for defraying the expenses incurred in Algeria . These credits amount to 25 , 403 , 84 : 1 f . The increase sought is 31 , 000 men , and -3 , 317 horses . " Civilising" the Arabs appears to be rather an expensive amusement . The National publishes a circular , addressed by the committee ot the " Extreme Left , " composed of M . Dupont ( de _l'Eure ) , M . _Arago , General Thiard , MM . Marie Legendre , Carnot , and Gamier Pages , to their friends throughout the provinces , apprising them , that as thc term of the existence of . the present Chamber of Deputies will expire in the year 1817 , it is almost certain that a general election will take place _during the present year , and that the electors should prepare for that event . The week ' s intelligence from

      GERMANY is but of little aecount . We announced in our last the dissolution ofthe Chambers in the Grand Duchy of Baden . The government of Baden , like all tlie powerless sovereignties of the smaller States of Germany , is obliged to submit to the dictates of its powerful allies , and from them it received an order to dissolve the Chamber of Deputies . A revolutionary agitation is the result . The Opposition having had a constant . majority during the last session , is almost sure to re-enter the Chamber . Its leaders , Itzstein , Plathy , Bassermaii , Welcker , and Hecker , reckon with certainty oa resuming their seats . The political ferment in Germany constantly increases , besides the troubles so rife in Western Prussia ; explosions are apprehended in Silesia and other parts . The news from

      SWITZERLAND is more interesting . TlmGrand Council of Berne , on the llth , passed a decree , regulating the formation of the Constituent Assembly . Tlte election ofthe deputies is to be held on March 7 th . There is to be one deputy for every 300 citizens , making 139 deputies for the whole canton . Thc qualifying age for voting has hitherto been twenty-three years , but on this occasion those who have attained twenty are to be admitted to give their suffrages . The only exceptions are men of unsound mind , bankrupts , those who

      have received charitable relief , and convicts condemned to infamous punishments , To be eligible to become a deputy , the candidate must bc a citizen of Berne , be qualified to vote , and be of 25 years of age and upwards . The constituent body is to meet on March 16 th . The democrats are carrying all before them . The Presse ( Paris paper ) states , that— " There has just occurred inthe Grand Council of Berne a scene which recalls the most stormy periods of the national convention . It is already known , that in consequence of a resolution moved in that assembly , the nine members of the Council of State who were

      opposed to the revolution were summoned to promise officially by a public declaration their earnest assistance tothe new order of things . This motion was placed amongst the orders ofthe day forthe 15 th . The discussion commenced by a coup d ' etat . It was decided that the nine members accused should not be present at the debate . M . Neuhaus , who a year since ivas the supreme chief and the oracle of the Radical party , was expelled from the Chamber by the Radicals . This fact says more than all our comments . It is all proportions , observed a new edition of the GLi . i _ d . ina and the Montagnards . After this decision , a committee was forthwith appointed to prepare resolutions . The committee was composed of the movers of the resolution , and they elected M .

      Ochsenbein , chief ot the tree corps , lor their president . It prepared the following resolutions : — ' Considering that the nine members of the Executive Council who signed the declaration ofthe 27 th of January last expressed an opinion thatthey regarded theestablishment of a constituent assembly asa violation ofthe constitution , and that tlicy never could assist in its formation ; considering that , in consequence of the popular vote of the 1 st of February , the Grand Council has decreed that a constituent assembly should be appointed to revise the constitution ; considering likewise that the interests of tranquillity and of public order require imperiously that the nine membersof the Council of State from whom the declaration of the 27 th of January emanated should declare how they propose to reconcile the opinion which they

      enounced with their position of members of the elevated executive authority , of which they compose the majority , —the Grand Council decrees , ' That the nine councillors of state above alluded to be summoned within an hour and a half , to swear that they will assist in the execution of the resolution of the Grand Council , which has confided the revision of the constitution to a constituent assembly . ' An amendment , timidly presented in favour of the accused , was rejected with indignation , and by an immense majority . " It was finally determined by a majority of _seventy-fivei against twenty-nine , [ that the nine members of the executive council _stiould give an explanation on the 20 th of February , at eight in thc morning at the latest . We have no news from

      ITALY , but we request the attention of our readers to the first ofa series of articles under thc head of " Revelations of Rome , " which will be found in our seventh _psje . The Ministerial crisis in

      SPAIN is said to be terminated by the appointment of M . Pena _AoiUYOas Minister of Finance , in the room of M . Mon , resigned . The _explanation of the new ministers took place in both houses on the 16 th . The new title of Commander-in-Chief of the army , conferred on Narvaez by the new ministers , has boon explained bv them as merely honorary . The . order ofthe day , signed by the governor of Madrid , would , however , indicate that it was originally viewed in another light , for it directs that , conformably to her Majesty ' s command , a guard or honour and an escort of cavalry be placed at the disposal ot General Narvaez . The accounts from

      ALGERIA continue to be extremely unfavourable to the French . So great is the alarm produced by thc rapid movements of Abd-el-Kader , that Marshal Bugeaud has removed the whole of the regular troops from the city of Algiers to the points threatened by his indefatigable adversary , leaving the civic guard to do duty within thc capital ofthe colony , aided by the military convicts , who have also been armed . The Paris papers are filled with complaints of the condition of this much-vaunted conquest of France—Algeriathat conquest which it is confessed has cost already £ 40 , 000 , 000 sterling , and—we state it with regretthe lives of more than 300 , 000 Frenchmen . The

      First In Importance Is The Intelligence ...

      state of alarm which pervades the French govern ment is known to be extreme . fa

      FOREIGN POSTSCRIPT . London , Saturday _Mounino THB POLISH " _COKSPHUOy-HIVASIOK OF CRA COVT BY AUSTRIAN AND RUSSIAN TROOPSNEWS PROM SWITZERLAND-ARRIVAL FROM AMERICA—PARAGUAY AND BUENOS AYRES AT WAR . t Accounts from Posen of the 13 th give further particulars of the detected " conspiracy . " It is stated that the Poles had already organised four regiments . The complement was complete . M . de Morozlawski was nominated Field-Marshal . The London Daily _Netvs states . , ( we know not on what authority ) that " The intended plan was to poison the Prussian garrison—poisoned bread was

      found in the barracks and hospitals—it was resolved to sack the houses of the Germans and opulent Jews , and jn case of resistance put them to the sword . " fhe 17 th ol February was the day fixed on for the _out-?*? ¥ ;• ,. , ¦ * - Morozlawski , as well as Count Micieiski _, has been arrested , as also M . _Malgueski already implicated in a former attempt at " rebellion . " Letters from Cracow announce that a detachment of Austrian troops had entered that city , and tho Russians were to make their entry the next day . Letters from Switzerland announce that the session of the Grand Council of Berne was _abruptly declared closed on Friday , the 20 th . The

      packet ship Sheridan arrived at Liverpool yesterday ( Friday ) from New York . The intelligence is peace looking . Latest advices from Washington speak confidently as to negotiations having been re-opened between the British Minister and the American government upon the Oregon question . News from Monte Video to the 23 rd of Dec , has been received . The combined squadron , after repairing damages , had ascended the Panama without further opposition . Paraguay has joined Corrientes against Rosas , and 5 , 000 men from Paraguay have joined Paz , who had been declared General in command of all the forces . Lopez , the President of Paraguay , had declared war against the Dictator of Buenos Ayres .

      //T/^Asu^Pot^Ae*^. Ufa

      // _t _/^ _AsU _^ _POt _^ _Ae _*^ _. _Ufa

      And National : Trades' Journal. ^ — ¦___...

      AND NATIONAL : TRADES' JOURNAL . _^ — ¦___¦ ______ - ________________¦_________________________________________________—_ _—^^ * _ __^____^____ _—^^^^^^^^ _ « .

      Vol. X . No. 433. London, Saturday, Febr...

      VOL . X . NO . 433 . LONDON , SATURDAY , FEBRUARY 28 , 1846 . w . _*^~> _wivmcE _« , . .- . . ' _.,.. _; _...- ¦ * ¦ . Fire Shillings Wnri Sixpence per Qnnrter

      Tiie Polish " Conspiracy." Grand Duchy O...

      TIIE POLISH " CONSPIRACY . " GRAND DUCHY OP POSEN . Posen , February 14 . —This morning , between the hours of one and half-past two , p . m ., the whole garrison was on foot , and in a few moments all the gates of the town and the bridges on the Wartha were occupied by numerous detachments . Cannons were levelled on thegreat squareDel'Artillerie ; the great square Guillaume was occupied by detachments of cavalry and infantry , with two pieces of ordnance ; detachments walked the streets , escorting the heads of the police . The bazaar was equally occupied by the troops , and various hotels were entered and searched . One hour afterwards the authorities published the following proclamation : —

      The extraordinary measures taken this day are commanded by necessity . The occupation by the military , and the closing of the gates of the town and of the bridges , « re requisite for the maintenance of order and tranquillity . The persons who have been arrested tire accused of conspiring against the government , and by criminal projects of endangering the safety of persons and of property , as well in the town itself , ns in the province of Posen . As it is our duty to guard the town and country from menacing danger and grave consequences , we trust that all well-intentioned inhabitants will place in us their eutire confidence , aud tbe care for their safety : that by their conduct they will prove themselves good citizens and worthy and loyal subjects of our well-beloved king and muster , and that they will peacefully acquiesce in tbe disposition we bave thought fit to adopt .

      Nevertheless , should . any one endeavour , either tlirough folly or through bad intent , to render opposition and cause disorder , he may expect to be visited with tll 9 full rigours ot the law . _—Fosen , tftis Hth F « b 1840 " . Signed , _Licutenaiit-tfeneral De Steinaccher , first commandant , and De Minutoli _, President of Police , The persons who have been arrested are principally young men of the provinces ; many of them belong to families of distinction ( they amount to forty ) . The general in command ofthe fifth division of the army has ordered various detachments into the provinces to assure the maintenance of tranquillity . The Frankfort Post Gazette contains the following , dated Posen , 16 th inst . : —

      For the last few days it was remarked that the Polish noblemen , who , contrary ' to then , habit , had kept away from Posen this winter , were congregating here in large numbers . Yesterday they amounted to upwards of 600 , and at the hour when most of them were sitting down to dinner in their hotels , the William-square was of a sudden occupied by troops , as well as the avenues leading to it . Immediately afterwards domiciliary visits and arreBts commtmeed . 100 Polish noblemen were taken into custody in the bazaar , and conveyed to the Governor ' s residence , when those nho could not account in a satisfactory manner for their presence ia Posen were sent

      to prison . Nine only of the thirty . nine reputed chiefs of the conspiracy were arrested last _eveninj _* . The others hail absconded , but as tliey are proprietors they will soon be discovered . Couriers were despatched in various directions ; the gates were then opened , and strong bodies of soldiers continued to patrol the streets during the whole night . A great quantity of gunpowder and considerable sums of money were seized in the possession of two of the conspirators and carried to the police . All the persons arrested in Posen nnd in other towns of the Grand Duchy on the llth inst . had been removed to the citadel of Posen .

      BRYAN SEERY . Birmingham , Hockley Colour Works , FeT , 26 , 1346 . Dear Sir , —Being thoroughly convinced , in my own mind , that poor Seery was innocent , me and my brother will give 20 s , to assist his poor wife and children in their present unfortunate and melancholy situation . Please to inform me to whom I can send . I have enclosed a stamp , and am sorry to give you so much trouble as to write a letter . Dear Sir , yours , most respectfully , WlLUiH W ___ -H . Mr , O'Connor , London .

      Central Criminal Court

      Central Criminal Court

      The Above Court Resumed Its Sittings On ...

      The above court resumed its sittings on Monday . The proceedings were opened bythe Lord Mayor , the Recorder , Aldermen Hunter , ChaUis , and Hughes Hughes , the Sheriffs , Undor-Shcriffo , & c . Tiic number of prisoners for trial at the present session is 124 , and the offences with which a considerable number of them are charged are ef a more than usual aggravated character . The cases tried during the week have for the moBt part been of little public interest . The Case or the lticnA _ Dso _ s . —Ou Wednesday Mr . Clarkson said , that in tho case of two persons named

      Richardson , who were represented to be father and daughter , and who were charged with the crime of wilful murder upon a child , he had to apply for the postponement of tbe trial until tlie next session . The ground upou which he made this application was , that the brief for the defence had only been placed in his hands within the last few hours , and that tliere would not be sufficient time for him to prepare to conduct the defence of persons charged with so very serious an offence , from the short notice he had received . The trial was upon this , ordered to stand adjourned to the next session _.

      Attempting to poison . —Henry Joseph Kellcrby , 17 , was indicted for feloniously attempting to administer a quantity of deadly poison , called oxalic acid , to Elizabeth Clouter , with _intent to murder her . It will not be nececsary to go into a detail of tbe evidence tbat was adduced in support of this indictment , as the whole of the _aircumstances must be fresh in tbe recollection of the public . H will , probably , be sufficient to remind our readers that last autumn a good deal of excitement was occasioned in the borough of Southwark by means of a number ol anonymous letters being sent to different parties , many of which contained poison , nnd in others threats of _thn most diabolical description were made against the parties to whom they were addressed . After a good deal of inquiry , suspicion fell upon the prisoner , and he was taken into custody , and eveutuRl ! y committed for trial upon two

      or three distinct charges of -ending three penny letters , iind nt the December sessions of this court he was tried upon an indictment charging him with sending a threatening letter to a person named Humble , but as tkcre was a failure of distinct proof as to his hand-writing , he was acquitted , and the other indictments then stood over , and the prisoner was liberated upon recognizances . Iu eonsequence of circumstances that afterwards transpired , lie was again committed to Newgate to answer tho other charges , Tho evidence in support ofthe present indictment was precisely similar to that which was adduced on the former occasion . During his second commitment to Newgate , the prisoner hud written a letter to his brother , in which he made a full _sonfessiou ' ot' his guilt . This letter was produced in evidence , and the jury returned a verdict of Guilty . He was sentenced to be imprisoned and kept to hard labour for twelve mouths .

      The Case of _Ccttisc and Wounding at _BhkhTF 0 BD . —Thomas Lowe , 73 , a shoemaker , was indicted tor feloniously cutting and wounding John Lowe , with intent to murder bim , and in other counts his intent was laid to be to maim and disable him , or to do him some grievous bodily haim , This was a case of a distressing character , the , prisoner and , the prosecutor standing in relationship of father and son to each other . It would appear that they had both together carried on the busi-

      The Above Court Resumed Its Sittings On ...

      ness of a shoemaker at Brentford ; ' _. uVeariy * _* **• January there had been some ' _misunderstnndinjr hptween th' -m , und thoy _separated . On the 13 th of January thu prisoner went to his son ' s shop to ask for some shoe-lasts he had left behind ; and he appeared at the time very much exeited ; and while the prosecutor was in tbe act of stooping to look for the lasts , the prisoner stabbed him in the side with a knife and then rushed into the street , and inflicted a severe wound upon his own throat witb a razor . Thejuryfoundthe prisoi . ergui . tyof acommon assault , and he was sentenced to six months * imprisonment .

      Arson . —On Thursday , John Stone , 53 ; John Stone , his son , 21 ; and Anne Hyde , alias Stone , 80 , were indicted jointly _forfeloniously setting fire to » dwelling-house , the property of George Leonard , with intent to defraud the Union Insurance Company . It appealed thatthe elder male prisoner had hired a house in Bridge-row , Hammersmith , and tbat shortly afterwards he and the female prisoner , who passed as his wife , and thc other prisoner , who is his son , took up tbeirabode there ,, and in Novem . ber last an insurance was effected for £ 100 with the Union Insurance Company , up . n tbe _lurniture and effects in the liouse . On the 8 th of February , iu tbe evening , the house was discovered to be on fire , and on the neighbours

      forcing an entrance , ample evidence presented itself that the lire had been wilfully caused . The evidence appeared more particularly to apply to the prisoner John Stone the elder , who was proved to have come from the house in _Bridger-row _, a very short time before the fire broke out , and when he was taken intocustody an i _» ven » tory of goods , such as is made for a claim upon a fireoffice , was found in his pocket , and on his beiw ; told that a policy of insurance hud been found in one of the drawers in his liouse he immediately exclaimed . "lam done . " The female prisoner andthe son were acquitted . The elder John Stone was found guilty , and sentenced to be transported for twenty years .

      Iortl)Commg £Mtixtt&

      _iortl ) Commg _£ _mtixtt &

      The Chartist Co-Operative Land Society. ...

      THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY . Meetings for the purpose , of enrolling members , and transacting other business connected therewith , are held every week on the following days and places : — ¦ - , . SUKDAT EVENING . - . South London Chartist Hatt , 115 ,-Blackfriars-road : at half-past six o'clock . —City Chartist Halt , 1 , Turnagain-lane : at six o ' clock . — Westminster : at the Parthenium Club Rooms , 72 , St . Martin ' s-lane , at half-past seven . —Somers _Toum : at Mr . Duddrege _' _s , Bricklayers' Arms , Tonbridge-street , New-road , afc half-past seven . —Tower Hamlets : atthe Whittington and Cat , Church-row . Bethnal-green , at six o'clock precisely . —Emmelt ' s Brigade : at the Rock Tavern , Lisson-grore , at eight o ' clock precisely . —Marylebone : at the Coach Painters' Arms , Circus-street , at halfpast seven .

      MONDAT EVENING . Camberwell : at the Montpelier Tavern , Walworth , at eight o ' clock precisely . _TUKSOAT EVENING . Greenwich : at the George and Dragon , Blackheathhill , at eight o ' clock . _ _ycwc _ 8 t . e-u _ ) on-Ti / ne : This branch of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society meet in the house of Martin Jude , Sun Inn , Side , every Monday evening , Irom seven until nine o ' clock , for the purpose of receiving subscriptions and enrolling members . Leicester : The members and committee of the Cooperative Land Society meet at 87 , Church-gate , every Sunday night , at six o ' clock . Armley : The members of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society meet at thehouse of Mr . William Oates , boot and shoemaker , Armley Town-gate , every Monday evening , at eight o'clock .

      Cur Chartist Hall, 1, Turnagain-Lane, Fa...

      Cur Chartist Hall , 1 , Turnagain-lane , Farringdon-strcet . —On Sunday morning next ( to-morrow ) , a general meeting of shareholders will be held in the coffee-room , at half-past ten precisely . The public discussion will be resumed in the hall at half-past ten precisely . In the evening , at _nevcn o ' clock , Mr . Thomas Clark will deliver a public lecture . Subject , "The physical , social , and moral degradation engendered by the factory system . " Towek Hamlets . —Mr , Philip M'Grath will deliver a public lecture at the Standard of Liberty , Brick-lane ,. on Sunday evening next , March the 1 st ,

      at half-past . even o'clock _prcisely . City District or thk Chartist Co-Opebative LaNd _SociKir . —A special meeting of the members will be held on Sunday evening next , March the 1 st , at half-past five , in the Hall , Turnagain-lane , to receive tlie balance-sheet , and transact other important business . South London Chartist Hall , 115 , Blackfriar _' _sroad . —Mr . Doyle will lecture at this hail on Sunday evening next ( to-morrow ) , at half-past seven . Subject , "The Irish Rebellion of 1799 . " On Wednesday evening next a general meeting of shareholders of the hall will be held , at eight o ' clock precisclv .

      Marvlebone . —Mr . A . Hunnibell will lecture at the Coach Painters' Arms , Circus-street , on Sunday evenirg next ( to-morrow ) , at half-past seven . Subject , "Democracy versus Monarchical Governments . " Westminster . —Mr . T .-M . Wheeler will lecture on Sunday evening next ( to-morrow ) , at half-past seven , at the Parthenium , 72 , St . Martin ' s-lane . Subject , " War establishments . The militia force : its beneficial tendency under good government : itstyranny under class legislation . " The Westminster Joint-Stock Company will meet for the transaction of business at the Parthenium , 72 , St . Martin ' s-lane , on Monday evening next , at eight precisely . Hammersmith . — A meeting will be held at the Dun Cow , Brook Green-lane , on Tuesday evening

      next , at eight precisely . _Limkhouse . —On Tuesday evening next , March S , Mr . P . M'Grath , of tbe Executive , will deliver a lecture at the Brunswick Hall , Ropemakers ' - lields , Limehouse . Subject , "The Charter and the Land . " Chair to be taken at half-past seven o ' clock , when several talented friends will attend . The formation of a Chartist locality , and the establishment ofa branch ofthe Land Society , is anticipated . Camberwell and Walworth . —A meeting will be held at the Montpelier Tavern , Walworth , on Monday evening next , at eight precisely . Exiles Restoration Committee . —The next _meeting will be held at the Hall , 1 , Turnaeain-Iane , on

      Sunday afternoon next , at four o ' clock precisely . The General Committee of the National Militia Association will meet at the Parthenium , No . 72 , St . Martin ' s-lane , on Wednesday evening next , March 4 th , at eight o ' clock precisely . Restoration of the Welsh Martyrs . —A public meeting for the liberation of Frost , Williams , Jones , and EUis will take place or . Monday evening next , March 2 nd , at the South London Chartist Hall , 115 , Blackfriars-road . The Executive Committee ofthe National Charter Association will attend . Chair to he taken at eight o ' clock precisely . Leeds . —Mr . T . S . Mackintosh will deliver his third lecture to-morrow ( Sunday ) evening , at halfpast six .

      Oldham . —On Sunday ( to-morrow ) Mr . James Leach , of Manchester , will lecture in the schoolroom of thc Working-man ' s Hall , at six o ' clock in the evening . Salfoed . —A meeting of the members of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society will take place in the National Chartist Association-room , back of Great George-street , Salford , on Sunday ( to-morrow ) , March lit , at two o ' clock . The members of thc _i Chartist Association are requested to attend auieet- » ing on Tuesday next , March 3 rd , in the above room i at eight o'clock . Hull . —The members of this branch of the Char- tist Co-operative Land Society meet every Tuesday r evening , at tho Ship Inn , Church-lane . All the i members are requested to attend next Tuesday , afc fc seven p . m .

      Bolton . —The shareholders of this locality are re- - quested to attend a meeting of gre » t importance , on a Sunday next , March 1 st , at six o ' clock in the even- - ing , in tho Chartist Association-room , top of King- ; - street , Great Bolton . Mottram . —Thc monthly meeting of the share * * holders in the Co-operative Land Society will be held d in tlie lecture-room , opposite to the Bull ' s Head , at it two o ' clock , on Sunday next , March 1 st . Brighton . —A democratic supper will be held at it

      the Artichoke Inn , William-street , on Wednesday iy evening , March llth , to commemorate the birthday ay of the late William _Cobbfett ; supper on the table afc afc ; eight o ' clock precisely . Tickets may be had of Mr . ir ., Davey , 25 , _Grosvenor-street ; Mr . Mitchell , 2 _ ,. _„ Wood-street ; Mr . John Pago , 14 , Camelford-strc 6 t ; _st _s Mr . Tullett , 11 , Jew-street ; Mr . Williams , 31 , _King-ngstreet ; or at the bar of the above house . _—AgeneraLrall monthly meeting ofthe Chartists of Brighton will bet bc held at the Artichoke Inn , William-street , on Tues-. es ' day next .

      Tub sext Dkleoatb Meeting of _Lancashirhirh Miners will be held on Monday , March Oth , at the thu sign of the Antelope , Little Hutton , near Bolton ; on chair to bc taken at eleven o ' clock in the forenoonoom —There will also be a public meeting , which will _btl b > addressed by W . P . Roberts , Esq ., and other gentlciitla mon . —The miners of Bolton and its vicinity rcquesiues their brethren in Yorkshire , Wales , and _elscwhereieni not to be deluded from their homes under the pre pro text of new pits being opened , and there not being ing ; sufticienc )* of men to work them , such reports heinpeim gross fabrications , and only put in circulation for tlur Ut purpose of aiding the dishonourable portion of thf til coal proprietors to keep down wages .

      Dreadful Explosion And Loss Ov Life On T...

      Dreadful Explosion and Loss ov Life on tik in Shakspeare Cliff Tunnel , —Dover , _Fsb , 2 _ , 1 S _ I 1 S _ 1 —It has never been our painful task to record a _nioinioi melancholy catastrophe than has happened on thn til South Eastern lino this day . Upwards of tweHfwem labourers took refuge from the heavy rain at dinndinni time in a cave , excavated just beyond the _Shakspeaspeaa tunnel , and , as is their custom , smoked their _pipeipjpet some embers were scattered about , and set lire to _o toj considerable quantity of gunpowder , which had heel bemost incautiously suffered to remain , which explpdeWpdct and caused a fearful loss of life . Eleven bodies ha _^ haa been brought in dead and horribly mangled . J \ o _PJNO p ? can describe the dreadful cries of the _sumMW Many are still expected hourly to breathe _^ 4 _^ 4 _^ mi '¦ ¦ v _.-.- _'jS'y _.- _'i " . _; ., \ :.: ' : A * jm _4 - ' Vih

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 28, 1846, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_28021846/page/1/