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Northern Star (1837-1852), 26th September 1846, Edition 3 of 3, Page 7

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    • -fortion iHohrments. shuid SEraEMBER.se, 1846. - „ _ , ___ J;.THE . N ' jW SlMMI^tjr '- i
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      -Fortion Ihohrments. Shuid Seraember.Se, 1846. - „ _ , ___ J;.The . N ' Jw Slmmi^Tjr '- I

      _-fortion _iHohrments . _shuid SEraEMBER . se , 1846 . - „ _ , ____ J ; . . N ' _jW _SlMMI _^ _tjr ' _- i

      " Ana I Will W Wj Ax Leabtin Wards, (And...

      " Ana I will w Wj ax leaBtin wards , ( And—should my chance so happen—deeds , ) "With all wbo war with Thonght _l" ' •" X think I hear a little bird , who sings Tae people byand by vrill be the stronger . '—Btroh . -

      GERMANY AND DENMARK . THE SLESWICK-AND HOLSTEIN QUESTION . The German Society for the Instruction of Working Men , in one of their regular meetings , on the 12 th of this month , took into consideration the question of Sleswick and Holstein , which at this moment produces sucb a strange excitement in Germany . We may well say " strange , " as the _foliowIkj short explanation will show . The present King of Denmark has only one son , who has no issue , and in lira , to all appearance , the reigning line will become extinct . Now , according to the royal law of Denmark , the crown , in that case , will pass to the next relation or _agnat , whether male or female : _who'is

      accidentally A 'descendant from a female line ;| a _Trinee of _Hessen . But in the two districts mentioned above , though they both form part of the kingdom of Denmark , it is pretended that an old law is still in force , though several centuries old , "because never expressly abrogated , in virtue of which the right of succession is limited to male _de--scendantsonlv . And if this law should be considered to be still in force , then the successor in the two districts would be another than that for Denmark , -properly speaking ; in other words , the present _kingdom would be partitioned , and placed wider the rule of two different princes /* However , it may be twenty years before the question wjll assnme a practical form , that ; is to saybefore the old

      reign-, ing line will become extinct . But , already , these farsighted Germans more heaven _andjeartb _^ n order to prevent the p-ssibility of the integrity . of the present kingdom of Denmark being preserved j they . want it to be partitioned almost now , when both the King . and bis Son are sf ill , alive . And what is the reason ? Of these two districts , one ( Holstein *) forms part of the Germanic Confederation ; but according to old treaties it forms a "kind of unity with the Duchy of S ' eswick , and both ofthem stands tinder a separate -administration . The Germans n » w pretend , that if these twe Duchies , in which the German _pSpulatioa 13 more numerous than the Danish , were separated irom Denmark and placed under . a , separate German

      prince , they-wonld . be more "Germanized , " and become really German countries . " In the same way , to adduce an illustration , when Hanover was separated from tbe English crown , it became a really German country , by being placed Under the independent rule of King Ernest . Under present circumstances ,. to be a German may be considered as tantamount to being deprived ofall political rights , and entirely at the mercy of arbitrary governments . Yet , still , by a strange infatuation , the Germans _think'thisincon-Tenience more than counterbalanced by bearing the appellation of " Germans . " We ean say no longer , " " What ' s in a name ? " for to the Germans , it seems to be almost every thing ,

      No person , in his sober senses , can perceive why the Germans should feel themselves interested in the prospective partition of the kingdom of Denmark ; whicb , moreover , will be settled , when the question really arises in a practical form , _° _7 a P European Congress . The good Germans , probably , also rendered eager by the long silence imposed on them by the censorship , now that the muzzle , for reasons best known to the governments , has _- been taken from them , for a time , at least , sing lustily of "Fatherland , " " Germany , "and other such _bighsounding nonsense . ,

      It is asairot this feverish excitement without end er aim , that the society above mentioned has risen _, in order to assert the part of truth and common sense ; and especially to warn their fellow * working men not to allow themselves to be led away by those delusive and ridiculous declamations .. Under this view the address subjoined was proposed and unanimously adopted , in the way already mentioned . The address being clear in itself , we do not think further explanation is required . . »¦

      -ADDRESS OF TnE _GERMAX SOCIETY FOR THE _ISSTRUCTIOX OF WORKING MEN IN LONDON TO THE WORKING CLASSES Oi' GERMANY . * 'AH MenareBrethwi . " Brethren , a short time ago onr signatures were demanded for a letter which the " German Reading Glub " had directed to the inhabitants of Sleswick and Holstein . This letter bore the title , "Letter-Patent of the Germans in London to their countrymen iu Sleswick and Holstein , " and waB written with the intention of testifying to the latter tue _achnowledgeraent-and . admiration due for the firmness with which they hud proved their attachment to the appellation of " Germans . " . Yon . know , that tbis letter is . not the first addressed . to tbem ; all Germany , from the shores of the East and North

      _Ssas to thc f _.-ot of the Alps , from Poland ' s enslaved soil , to what a German poet has lately hazarded to call ihe "free _German Rhine , " as if se : zeu by one delirium of enthusiasm , has applauded in a similar mode the questionable acts of the Germans in Sleswick and Holstein . And , as tbe German _Reading Club here spoke in tbe name of the Germans in London in general , so did ; the Germans in the mother conntry speak in the name fifths whole _German nation _. -mostly , like the club , also -not addressing themselves te » the Estates , but to all the German _Inhacitants of Sleswick and Holstein . Of course , they " assumed , or feigned to assume , that the people was one and the same with the Estates , and that the latter really were the representatives , the servants of tbe people , as they ought to he , and at all times only anxioas for their wabare . -

      Brethren , having followed with painful emotion the movement in Sleswick and Holstein , in its rise ana _developement . we see it now forced to such _aheigbth , that we feel ourselves bound also to say a word , not in -the interest ofa private family or a single tribe or nation , hut in the interest of all nations , in the service of mankind * The nations have always been cheated and robbed of their inheritance , because they have been disnnited . Also je , Gcnmn brethren , they wish to cheat _jcain , as they bave done so frequently before . They wish to arm yon , in order to hay with your blood advantages in which yon shaU have no share , and their belief is " still , that they may employ with the same success -those ineans again , through which thirty years since they so well accomp _lished their own ends . The words become the

      of _* _-ratherland , Donor , _Jtutice , "have again —eat war-hoop with which they desire to allure you todav , as they _onct-did your fathers , as twice they did your Trench neighbour * -, the brave champions of freedom and equality , ana as they did the unhappy working classes _^ England ! " Fatherland 1 " forsooth , _andwhatis that fatherland , for whose _domination tbe one is to fight , and tlie other promises assurance ? It is the German fatherland , trembling before more than thirty princes , fettered hy a confederacy of those thirty , and now , _notwithstanding , invoking the aid of that very same confederacy which keeps them in "bonas itis , in one word , the Germany , whose pretended nnity has alreedy excited so often the laughter of the world , and if much-praised Germany were one united , great , free country , what -wonld it avail to us , brethren t Since when , hare the

      now and working-men had a fatherland ! 0 , yes , the well fed gentleman with the money bag has good reasons -for extolling the country which has rounded his body—it has nourished , clothed , and educated him , and filled his _psrse—bnt we do not remember that our fatherland has _-no-iriEBBu , clothed , and e vacated us . It bas whipped ns , imprisoned us , driven us into exile ; or if we weift " well behaved" it has permitted us to pine away with wife and -children iu hunger and misery . Should we , then , love that fatherland , devote to it onr Wood , nay , even as < _nuch as own and acknowledge it ! Indeed , if our good ¦ 'l _i- MraU" had actually hurled all their thirty masters from their thrones ana placed themselves snugly upon tiiem , instead of the others , the sufferings of onr brethren , in England _aueTFrance , those renowned seats of - _* 'freedom , " show ns sufficiently that even tbea tbe sun would not shine on our side of the hedge .

      By trick ana delusion the nations have always heen cheated and robbed of their inheritance ; therefore , be on -vour guard , and firmly stand together . Ana what means your ridiculous winnings for your "Justice and HonourV Justice is common to all men ! Ana then honour ! Indeed , you good Germans ; in yonr addresses we here and there find that an idea uf the possibility ofa nation being inherited against their will , inspires you with some timid allusions to the inalienable ri » hts of man ; bnt _whenever there appears a danger of consequences being deduced from your empty words , which would not be altogether to your liking , then vou quickly advance your " historical right . " Even now TV j Should hear nothing of your railings against the Danes ,

      even now you would be as silent as mutes , if you did not believe yon were in possession of some musty parchment -coiferring on yon the right of serving a German , instead , of a foreign prince . Or why , yon German _at-dress-beroes , why did yon not open your mouths , when witnessing the oppression _through which the once so noble people of Italy degenerated ; and which perwitted tlie Poles to die away in unsuccessful struggles ? Bnt the oppressors arc Cermans , is it not so I The much more jour honor as German , your innate love of justice ought to bave driven jou te interefere . And what did you do when Hanover's Kin ? trampled yonr dear "historical rights , " under his "feist 1 When the King of Prussia refused to redeem the word of his father that perjured father , whom bespeaks of as " now reposing in the Almighty V

      You s « e _, brethren , it is only words they utter ; a few of those , perhaps , in the sincere warmth of their hearts , hut the great majority , well knowing what they are about , and strictly calculating in their minds the per centage which the increase of _commerce and , forsooth , perhaps _^ even the " German fleet"' may one day yield to them . Therefore , he on your guard , and stand firmly together 1 "Bo not allow yourselves to be dazzled by the gaudy _signboard on wbich they have engraved the high-sounding words of " Honour , _Justice , Fatherland ! " Do not allow j-oundves to be made to believe that your national honour has been injure A ! Whoever , in his quality as a German , possesses national pride , must be a fool indeed ;

      " Ana I Will W Wj Ax Leabtin Wards, (And...

      and , in as far as national pride , In general , ig ro ] _j , a German nationalist must be a fool of tin" first degree National pride is folly ; and it is not only folly , it is pernicious and mischievous ; for , liko every " other prejudice it leads to fanaticism , and has already brought incalcu ' lable misery on mankind . Before any one of human kind belongs to a nation he belongs to mankind . You are not born G ermaiiF . but men ; aud as men , belong to the human society , not to the German Confederation , which is but too well pleasea rf . clamounogfor your rights as a nation , you forget vour rights a . men ! Is this not clear , intelligible , and true « And now , brethren , it is you whom they _wni . t to teach that only the Germans are jour brethren ; you whom they wish tp excite against men like yourselves ; you , whose passions they want to rouse ana arm . to send _ajarast them that you may bathe yourselves in ther blood-aad wh y ? to extend the _bleBsings of that freedom with which our fatherland overflowsto othersand to

      , , make them partici pate in yonr extraordinary happiness ! It is not yon , brethren , who can wish that ; it is impossi Die for you to work yourselves into an enthusiasm for an idea not capable of ameliorating your physical well _, being , or suppl ying one single mental want ; you would remain slaves as hefore , and would have erased t _' ie truth springing from your hearts " All Men are Brethren . " Behold ! we , in a land from where we address these words to you , call ourselves , not German ! nor Dan' _g , _though Germans and Danes , and almost all tb _' e other nations of Europe , are represented amongst ns ; toe ore men : and in tearing down all prejudices separating nation from nation , and involving them in mutual hostilities , we strive to approach nearer and nearer the standard of human perfection and happiness . Yon will do the same ; not join in the ridiculous cry of your so-called " Representatives , " who more than your princes , are your oppressors , _ani will continue so much longer , if you are not on your guard . You will tear down in love the frontiers which

      separate you from your neighbours , and not , in hatred , wall them up higher aud stronger than they were before ; you will lend a friendly hand to the Dane , as we have done here _^ and make common preparation against your real enemies . The nations , brethren , have always been cheated ana robbed of their inheritance , because they were ignorant and disunited . Thence , if you cherish your own—the welfare of mankind , be on your guard , and stand firmly together I

      The Fratermty Of Nations. Democratic Fes...

      THE FRATERMTY OF NATIONS . DEMOCRATIC FESTIVAL . The Fraternal Democrats celebrated their First Annual Festival , on Monday last , September 21 st , that dav _being the anniversarv of the proclamation of the French Republic of 1792 . The festival , in the shape ofa public supper , came off . it the White Conduit House , Islington . Democrats from all the European states were present , folly realising the motto of the society— "AH Men are Brethren . " The chair was taken by Dr . Berrier Fontaine , supported by Feargus O'Connor , J . A . Michelot , Julian Ilarney , Carl' Schapper , Colonel Oborski , * , Professor Sievers , and Samuel Kydd . The vice-chair was necupied by Thomas Clark , supported- by Philip M'Grath and Henry Bauer . The supper was admirably served , and reflected _sreat credit upon the worthy host , Mr . Rouse . After the removal of the cloth ,

      The Chairman -briefly addressed the assembly in both the French and English languages , * describing the struggles of the people for their rights , and the progress oi democratic principles since the eternally glorious 2 _lst and 22 nd of September , 1792 . He concluded his remarks , in the course of which he had b : en loudly applauded , by giving the first toast ofthe evening : — - The Sovereignty of tbe People . Mr ! & . AXK said : Mr . President and Brothers , —Onr meeting this evening is to celebrate the most important event of ancient or modern times—the establishment of the * French Republic of 1792 . ( Cheers . ) And I am gratified beyond expression to witness this gathering of men from every nation in Europe , as it plainly foretells , that , erelong " " The Sovereignty of the People" will be

      _established _. This , Sir , is as it onght to be ; the representatives of the United Democracy of Europe meeting together in the true spirit of fraternity , to pledge themselves anew totheglorions principles of the French Rev - oration . ( Cheers . ) The sentiment proposed by you , Sir , has often been toasted at aristocratic assemblages , with ' no other view than that of making the "people " serve the interests of . faction ; but tbe cordial response wbich it * bas met witb here this evening , convinces me tbat tbe triumph of the people ' s cause is tbe first and most earnest wish of every individual in the room . ( Cheers . ) The people of England , like their brethren in other _countries , have hitherto been engaged infighting the battles of _faction and of party : bnt henceforth they will struggle for themselves . ( _Chsers . ) In England ,

      the people enjoy many _privileges of which our continental neighbours are deprived ; and it is my anxious wish that those privileges shall be turned to the best account , as the people of this . country have the destinies of Europe , in a great measure , entrusted to thsir care . ( Cheers . ) The French Revolution gave birth to new ideas and developed a novel philosophy—all previous re . volutions had been a mere transfer of power from one party to another ; but the people of France , under the direction ef wise and able men , declared for man ' s right —social equality . ( Cheers ) Despotism was , for a lime , "destroyed ; and the "Sovereignty of the People " wa 3 in the ascendant . I hope . Sir , that we shall all live to see the people of every country triumph over their oppressors . ( Cheers . ) 1 respond most heartily to the " Sovereignty of the People . " ( Cheers . )

      _Jdlian Hakxet tnen rose and read the following "Address : "—

      THE FRATERNAL _DEMOCRATS TO THE DEMOCRATS OF ALL NATIONS . " All men are brethren . " Fbhow Me _>* _. Assembled at onr first annual festival , on the anniversary of a day memorable in the annals of European progress , we think this a fitting occasion to briefly explain the origin , principles , and aims of our society . To the founders of this society it had long been a matter of rejrret that the democrats of the several countries of Europe and America knew so little of each other . In all countries the friends of progress are mainly dependent for their knowledge of passing events upon tbe public journals , the great majority

      of which represent the interests of usurping governments and privileged class , to the exclusion of the rights and interests of the masses . In Germany , Italy and Russia , the censorship suppresses or distorts nil intelligence of popular movements , at borne or abroad . In France tbe "liberal" absolutism of the moneymongers has imposed laws upon the press which render ruin and captivity the penalties for telling " too much truth . " In Great Britain a cunningly devised tax combined with tbe influence of property , has made the press the venal slave of the aristocratic and profitmongering classes . In America official and class corruption effects what censors penalties , and taxes accomplish in Europe . The oppressed and wronged millionsbave certainly

      some representatives in the press of Western Europe and America ; and , in defiance of the censorship , even in Germany , ' jbut these honest journals have immense difficulties to contend with , and are in a great measure dependent npon the ari-tocratic and liberticidal journals of the great capitals for their intelligence of passing movements . From this cause , tbe democrats of different countries have been comparatively ignorant of each other ' s progress , and from ignorance or misconception have often acted sectionally , or even in opposition to each other , when there needed but mutual enlightenment to cause all to act in concert , and move at one and the same time for the triumph of their common cause . Impressed with these ideas , and seeing that , in this

      great metropolis was gathered men from all parts of the earth , brought here by the pursuits of labour , science and travel , or driven here by the tyrannical persecution which has exiled them from tbeir respective countries , the founders of this society saw inthe friendly union of such men with the leading spirits of the democratic movement in Great Britain , the practicability of establishing a nucleus of thought and combination of mind which would impart to all associated more accurate and enlightened views of the state of the masses in all countries , and the _course of action most advisable to elerate them above the bondape and misery to which class domination

      has everywhere consigned them . Thus thinking we proceeded to act , and the present festival announces the termination of the first year ' s existence of the "Fraternal Democrats . " Our principles are expressed in the declaratory motto of our society— " All men are brethren . " In accordance with this declaration , we denounce all political hereditary inequalities and distinctions of " caste ; " consequently , we regard kings , aristocracies , and classes monopolising political privileges in virtue of tlieir possession of property , as usurpers and violators ofthe principle of human brotherhood . Governments elected by , and responsible to , the entire peopleis our political creed .

      , We believe the earth with all its natural productions t <> be the common property of all ; we , therefore , denounce all infractions of this evidently just and natural law as robbery and usurpation . \\ c believe that the present state of society whicli permits idlers and schemers to monopolise the fruits Ot the earth and tbe productions of industry , and Compels the working classes to labour for inadequate rewards , and even condemns them to social slavery , destitution and degradation , to be essentially unjust . The principle of universal brotherhood commands that labour and rewards should be equal . Such is our social creed .

      We condemn the " national" hatreds which have hitherto divided mankind , as both foolish and wicked ; foolish , because no one cau decide for himself the country he will be born in ; and wicked , as proved by the feuds and blood y wars which have desolated the earth , in consequence of these national vanities . Convinced , too , that national prejudices hare been , in all ages , taken advantage of by the people ' s oppressors , to act them tearing the throats

      The Fratermty Of Nations. Democratic Fes...

      _ofeachothe _^• _, _wlle _flbe _, _'' _sh _0 _uid _, _¦^? _% »•? _working together for their common _gOin ., Wis Society repudiates the term "Foreigner , " no matter by , or to whom , applied . We recognise out tallow-men , without regard to " country , " as members of one family , the human race ; and citizens of one commonwealth —the world . Finally , we recognise the great moral law , "Do unto thy brother , as thou wohJ < M thy brother should do unto thee , " as the great safeguard of public and private happiness . Such is our moral creed .

      Our one aim is the triumph ofthe principles above enunciated . In pursuit " of that object we seek mutu-il enlightenment , and labour to propagate the principle of general and fraternal co-operation . Once for all we explicit' *? state , that werepudiateall idea of forming any " party , " in addition to tbe parties already existing in England . We desire not to rival , but to aid all men who are honestly combined to work o-. it the emancipation of the people ; and with this object in view , we shall gladly hail the adhesion of all convinced of the justice of our principles , and the purity of our motive . " . Whether few _i-r many , we shall continue to act in accordance with tbe duties we believe we owe to our fellow-men , leaving tbem to j udgcof us by our actions . In the course of the * past twelve months , our labours have been rewarded br tlie _approving voices

      of distinguished patriots , both in England and on the Continent ; and our " Addresses" to the people ot * the United States , have been published in the working men ' s papers of that Republic , and warmly responded to . In conjunction with the great _Obar-• ist party we bave defended the cause of unhappy Poland , and trust our efforts have been not al together fruitless , some of our members bave returned to the homes of their birth on the Continent , or are at this time travelling in different parts of Europe . These , our brothers , will propagate our principles in the several _countries they may visit , and will inform our fellow-men of other lands , that in thia capital of the British _Islei is banded together a body of men , who , renouncing the crimes and delusions of the miserable past , and yet unhappy present , desire and work for that happier future which shall witness TIIE

      TRIUMPH OF JUSTICE , THE EMANCIPATION OF THE _MILLIOxN'S , AND TUE FRATERNITY OF NATIONS . Signed by the Secretaries : — G . Julian IIarsky , native of Great Britain ; Caul Schapper , native of Germany ; J . A . _Micheut , native of France ; Peter Holm , native of Scandinavia ; J . Schabklitz , native of Switzerland ; Louis _Ouorski , native of Polaud ; N . Nhmkth , native of Hungary ; September 21 st , 1 S _40 . The " Address" was received with great applause . Mr . John Arnott . sung bis son _^ , " All hail , Fraternal Democrats , " which elicited much applause . Thc Chairman then

      gave—Tlie Fraternity of Nations . May tbe principles of tbe French Revolution have a speedy and glorious resurrection iu France , and may that equality for which the French people so nobly struggled become established in France , and triumphantly propagated throughout the world . Mr . J . A . Michelot responded to the sentiment in tbe French language . His' energetic defence of the Freneli Revolution was warmly applauded . Caul _Schappsk said—Sisters and Brothers , the fraternity of nations is a toast to which I cau respond from the bottom of my heart , for I am convinced that when the oppressed of civilized Europe unite and demaud , as witb one voice , their rights , demand justice , tliey will get thein ; aye , they will get tbem Without having recour-e to

      physical force , for when the people enlightened , united and strong demand , no tyrant on earth will dare refuse . ( Great applause . ) The object of our Soeiety is to . extinguish _nation- _'l hatred , to remove national prejudices , and to propagate tbe great principle tbat all men belong to one family , that all men are brethren , and , although we are but few in number ,, yet we have hope , we have courage , for our principles are true and just , and with truth and justice on our side we shall ultimately conquer . Yes , we shaU conquer , for when such men as Mr . Feargus O'Connor , Mr . M'Grath and Mr . Clark were amongst us , and sanctioned by tbeir presence the exertions aiid principles of this society , we can say that the future belongs to us . Mr . O'Connor and tbe Chartist Executive will soon bs members of Parliament , and I hope the day is not

      far distant when they will be thc _advisers sf the eroivn , and then hail to the oppressed , woe to the tyrants . ( Cheers . ) "May the glorious principles of the French Revolution have a speedy resurrection throughout the worid . " Yes , I wish , I hope it , but fifty-seven years have elapsed since this great revolution began , and now wc will not be satisfied witb what our forefathers demanded , we want more . We want not only to be freed from the oppression of priests and nobles , we also want to bu trend from the oppression of Messrs . Rothschild and Co . — ( Cheers )—in short , from Messrs . Moncymonger and Co . ( Cheers . ) There was a time when mother church was all-powerful , when she swayed the world , and then she scourged the people , but she fed them . The nobles and the people united and overthrew her power ; but after the victory the nobles took her plaee , and began beating the people with larger sticks , and gave them less food ;

      the nobles were overthrown in their turn , and now we find the moneymongers governing the civilized world , beating the people with iron rods , and absolutely starving them . The people have fought for the church , the nobility , and the moneymongers , but they have been ill . treated by tbeinall , and the worst by the moneymongers , they now begin to fight for themselves , they arestruggling for the land , aud they will get it . ( Great cheering . ) The worth of a man will and shall not be longer in his money-bag ; we will uo more say he is worth a thousand or a million of pounds ; no , we will judge him according to his intrinsic worth ; we will say he is worthy , as au honest man , or be is not worth anything at all . Sisters and brothers , let us unite , and right and justice will triumph , mankind will be free and happy , aud the earth will become a paradise . Onward , and ne shall conquer . ( Great applause . )

      Julian Habnet said—Citizen Chairman _. twelveinonths ago at a festival similar to the present , in speaking to a toast almost identical in words with the one 1 now rise to speak to , I declared that the mission ofthe French Revolution was the destruction of inequality , and the establishment of institutions to secure to the people justice and happiness . On that occasion I observed , that viewing the Revolution in this light , there could be no difficulty in arriving at a correct estimate of the characters of the men who figured in that struggle . I showed , that tried by tbis test , the Constitutionalists and Girondists wero not the friends to true liberty , which the ignorant have supposed them to be . That previous to the reaction of the 9 tb , Thermidor , ' the only men who apparently were honestly desirous of securing to the people the legitimate

      fruits of their sacrifices and sufferings , was Robespierre and his friends . " ( Applause ) The rest of tbe parties , whetherfollowers of Lafiayette , _Brissot _. or D . iuton , weie , of the most part , schemers , brigands , and humbugs ; tbe best of them were half ignorant and timid men , whose negative virtues were positive vices in the circumstances in which they were placed . . What was but indistinctly shadowed forth by the friends of equality , previous to the destruction of Robespierre , was afterwards put into shape and lorin by Babeuf and his noble compatriots ; and had their glorious conspiracy but been successful , had tbey succeeded in establishing that Communist Republic , iu which labour and enjoyments would have been equally apportioned , France would never have succumbed to the bayouetsof the lloly Alliance ; on the contrary , by this time

      neither oppressor nor pauper would _huvebeen found on the broad surface of Europe . ( Cheers . ) Tbe mission ofthe Revolution having not yet been accomplished , proves that the Revolution has not yet terminated . Thu imperial despotism of Napoleon , and the restoration ofthe Bourbons , were but continuations of the reaction against the pure principles of thu Revolution , and now Franco has the blessed rule of the money-mongers , with Rothschild , the First for King , anilLou ' u _lliilippsforhis deputy . The composition of the present . Chamber of _Deputies , proves that the reaction has WeU nigh _reachetl its climax . There is no act of baseness or villainy that thesu precious representatives of the 200 , 000 bougeoisie are incapable of . With such a crew of Deputies , and Paris enclosed in a chain of bastiles , the money-mongers hug themselves with the

      belief that tbeir reign will be eternal : aud Louis Philippe in his lust days , tottering on the brink ofthe grave , thinks he has nothing left to do but to find thrones and principalities for his precious brood . But this state of things cannot for long continue , It is not _punsible that the descendants ofthe men of ' 93 should for ever endure thc odious supremacy of thc two hundred thousand kings ot gold . ( Cheers . ) The hour of reckoning is coming , the day of retribution is drawing nigh , France will not much longer submit to tbe present detestable order of things . No , ' * She has sons that never , never , Whilst heaven has light , or earth has graves WiU stoop to be such despots' slaves ' . " ( Greatapplause . ) I rejoice that the present deputies are ,

      so bad as to lender worse impossible . Depend upon it great events are coming , and I perfectly agree with Michelot ( the celebrated French author ) that before the next struggle "Frenchmen _should reconnoitre themselves well , " but I perfectly disagree with him , that Frenchmen should " trust only in France , and notat all in Europe . " Before Frenchmen engage in another revolution they will do well to reconnoitre themselves and ask what tbey are to comb . it for . If to establish thu _suiirunwey and "glory" of France , if to win " the boundary of the Rhine , " if to abolish monarchy and the aristocracy ol titles , if merely these aiet » be the results of a revolution then I would say to Frenchmen—that is to the working men of France—Keep quiet , such a revolution is not worth to you the sacrifice of a broken bead . Experience

      has proved—bear witness America—that kingcraft and lordcraft may bo abolished and yet the people remain practical slaves . ( Applause . ) The classes commanding the wealth ofa country can always b y force or fraud ensure the practical slavery of the millions . Our French brethren are just now in that position which _Volury has so beautifully described , and might at the present moment describe their situation in his very words— " We are a numerous people , and we want strength 1 We have an excellent soil ; and we are destitute of provisions ! We are active and laborious aud wc live in indigence 1 We pny enormous tributes and we are told that they are not sufficient ! We are at peace without , and our persons and property are not safe within ! What , then , is ths secret enemy that devours us ! " If they push this

      The Fratermty Of Nations. Democratic Fes...

      question they . find that the s « cret enemy which devours them is trhe S 0 Bj _„ i organization ot French societ y which permits vampire classes to live on rents , profits , and taxes , all _suckad from the people . ( Cheers . ) No national " _giory , " no changing of mew forms of government will emancipate the people from tins veritable slavery . Tbat emancipation can only tuke place through the working out ofthe principles proclaimed in the address of the Fraternal Democrats _, ( applause . ) This toast "pronounces" for the fraternity of nations—would that Spanish pronunciamentos were always as sensible : ( Chaers . ) When bad men _conspire , good men should combine , The German diet has resolved to persecute the German Communists , and hav <> declared Communism to be high treason . Thc principles of the German Communists are the principles proclaimed in our " address" this evening , we therefore must

      sympathise with our persecuted brethren . ( Cheers . ) Aa the German Governments have declared war against the people , tho people must declare war against them . ( _Applauso . V While we sympathise with the Germans , lot us give them a few words of advice . Some fool in the Augsburg Gazette ?; _bellovi g for German nationality , has said Germany will proclaim war to tho knife against Denmark ; let us , however , advise onr _German friends to lit Denmark alone , nnd proclaim war to the knife against their own abominable governments , at the same time , fraternally inviting the Danes to follow their example , ( Greatapplause ) The society of Fraternal _Democrats is yet but in its infancy ; It is yet but the acorn , but will become the giant oak . It is yet but the " little cloud no bigger than a man ' s band , " but that cloud will _ultlmatily overshadow the thrones of the earth , anditsthun . derbolts strike prostrate the oppressors and ravagers of mankind . ( Great ch ° ering . )

      The celebrated " _Marseillois Hymn" was then sung bv _Joskph Moll , the whole company enthusiastically joining in the chorus : — Aux armes citoyens , Formcz vos bataillons . _Marchous ga ira , Marchons « a ira . La Republique Un jour triomphera ! Tiie Chairman then gave—The Democrats of Great Britain and Ireland , may tbey , remembering that political power is only valuable as a meai . s to social reform , speedily obtain the " People ' s Charter , " and uso it as au instrument for the regeneration , of society .

      Mr . O'Connor , on rising , was received witb the most deafening applause , lie said : Sir , —To me , coming from my cold , quiet home — from labour ' s calm retreat , this gathering of the outlawed spirit of all nations , is _cheering in the extreme . ( Cheers . ) I have never sought to limit the struggle for liberty to country * , creed , or colour ; for I bave invariably declared that I cared not where the country , what thc colour , or which the creed , of the patriot was—that if he loved liberty and struggled fbr it , I would call liim brother , and take him by the iiand . ( Loud cheers . ) Much that has been said here to _« ni _? ht must be _insnirinej to the friends al _present outlawed by the tyranny of tlieir several systems , and cheering to us who , in the midst ofthe

      laws ' s terror and authority ' s power , have yet preserved the field for discussion , aiid kept it open as the resting-place and hope of the struggling of all _mttions . ( loud cheers . ) Therefore , while you meet to commemorate an event glorious in contemplation and intention , but disastrous in result , bear in mind _, that to us , the Chartists of England , - you are indebted (' or the privilege of being able to do honour to your principles . How many attempts have been made to drive us from the field of discussion—and yet all have failed . Graham would fain have substituted the policeman ' s truncheon for the executioner ' s rope , his sagacity for the judge ' s wisdom , his fiat forthe jury ' s verdict , but the ripened mind of England rebelled against the unconstitutional law , and

      triumphed in the struggle . ( Loud cheers . ) Our course . Sir , is no Quixotic crusade ir . search of undiscovered or even remote regions ; it is the mind ' s travel iu quest of its legitimate throne , from which it has been long evicted by the barbarous ignorance of barbarous a » es . ( Tremendous applause . ) That knowledge by wliich the old world wis governed , was . 'leaned from celestial phenomena , cunningly conjured into despotic expediency , by sonic state astroloser , or gathered from the smoking entrails' of wild birds and beasts , from the croaking of the raven , the cawing of the crow , or tho appetite of the vulture , interpreted by cunning priests or liirod soothsayers , and transmitted to posterity in the mystic language of priestcraft and statecraft , which the

      improved mind of tbis day cannot translate into rational phraseology . ( Tremendous cheering . ) Yes , Sir , such is . the ignorance—such the cunning mystery , that has held aspiring knowledge in subjugation and murdered truth for ages ; until at length , _knowledj-e snatched the dagger from the assassin ' s hand , and plunged it into ignorance—the assassin ' s breast . ( Loud and tremendous cheering . ) Sir , it was that ignorance that created feuds , and wars , and bloodshed ; but 1 agree with almost every worei tbat has fallen from my eloquent friend Schapper , not in denunciation but in his protest against tlie necessity of physical force . ( Cheers . ) lie has very plainly pointed out that strength , that moral power , which is the surest weapon of liberty ; and perhaps it may be a

      conundrum , why governments and monarchs diinot now go to war upon such slight and hasty provocation as they were won't to do ? In days gone by the French monarch would have recruited his armies before now upon opposition offered to the marriage of his son with the littlesimpleton of Spain , and England would have buckled on her armour as heedlessly to resist it . But why are they now more cautious ? It is lest the _C-ip of Liberty should proudly waive over the Tuilleries , as thc trophy of Frenchmen ' s triumph , and lest the six points ofthe Charter should adorn the summit ot ' the new ilouse of Commons , as the fruit of England ' s victory . ( Loud and continued cheering . ) Mr . Schapper has told you , and- told you truly , that although you are assembled tocomraemoratethe French

      Revolution of 1793 , that yet the democrats of this day would not -bo satisfied with what in those days the people struggled for . ( Cheers . ) Sir , it would be but a poor tribute to knowledge , but a scant _gathering from 53 years' harvest , if the democrats of 1810 would be satisfied with those changes sought for more than half a century ago . ( Cheers . ) Our next demand , as he has eloquently told you , will ba for the Land . ( Great cheering and clapping of hands . ) And hence , tho superiority of the Chartist movement over the French Revolution—the one was a recourse to arms , and ended in tbe ascendancy of the oppressor—tiie other defies all armed _resistance , aud will end in the _emancipatien of the oppressed . ( Cheers . ) The French republicans waged hasty and

      inconsiderate battle against an accumulation of grievances—they sought to destroy oppression and the system that engendered it—but unfortunately they were not prepared with a substitute , and _lionco tliey lost the spoils of victory . WE ARK PREPARED . ( Cheers . ) We have created a new mind , which like an epidemic lias spread its contagion throughout the length and breadth of the land ; and oh ! Sir , would to God that I eould flatter myself that it had infected the inert mind of my own brave , generous , hospitable _, but oppressed countrymen . ( Great cheering . ) Oh ! Sir , while the growing mind of all nations is represented here to-night , it is melancholy that there is no national representation of Ireland , and how wi must loathe the name of tbe hoary sycophant who

      has said "IRELAND FREE OR ' IRELAND IN A BLAZE , " and who now lolls in luxurious ease and secluded retirement , construing Saxon Acts of Parliament , professing to feed liis countrymen upon Saxon alms , telling them to be thankful for thc step-mother ' s bit . and to humbly beg for more when iti 3 consumed . ( Greatcheering . ) Sir , Iod tenwish , and especially when I read of . the infuriate madness of some Polish peasants in the last revolution , I often wish that the Irish people bad Polish lea . ers , or that the Polish leaders had Irish people . ( Cheers . ) But let us hope that the mind ' s contagion will yet reach that land , and that when the mental _fbi-ii announces the coming thunder of popular anger and popular union , that the sun of Poland may once

      more rise from the cold _^ _ashes and smouldering embers of her lightning struck oppressors , ( long and continued cheering , ) Sir , we have ] lighted tlie rushlight of liberty at the expiring blaze of tyranny , and when we hear that it has compelled tho wilds ol * Siberia to restore the frantic wife to the fond embrace of her overjoyed . husband , and again given parents to afflicted orphans , who would not welcome death in any shape to participnte in such a gala-day ? Who wou'd notfallupon his own sword to witness such ah-ly reunion . ( Indescribable applause . ) Mr . Schapper has plainly shown you , that religious liberty now exists in many countries where social inequality prevails , but in my opinion he has made a mistake , when he tells you that it is for social liberty tliatyou

      must now struggle . I tell you thatpoli . iculliburty must be the precursor of social equality and religion ' s freedom . ( _Glwers . ) Nor do I entirely _agres with Mr . Ilarney in his definition of man ' s secret enemies , I think that man ' s chief and greatest enemy is disunion , an enemy whicli , if destroyed , would lend to the surrender ofall social , political , and religious right--, _iua-much as authority is ready to yield all tlie moment tliey are demanded in one united and irresistible voice . ( Cheers . ) But in our struggle we must be . cautious , and , while you love a republic because it is the watchword under which your mind has beeu marshalled , and around which your feelings would rally , yet you must never ask us to surrender

      the name in honor of wliich we have suite-red , and in defence of which millions would be prepared to pcrisli . ( Loud cheere . ) There is no guarantee , nn protection , that liberty could derive frem a Republic , that it would not equally derive from , the People ' s Charter . Chartism means tleiineil republicanism , ( tremendous cheering , ) and when the power behind the throne is greater than tne throne itself , I care not by wliiU ' niuiie you call tho chief magistrate who sits upon that throne , provided that he is the limited executioner of ths most extensive public will , and rcinoveable at its _pleasure . ( Tremendous cheering . ) \\ e were _Itauicais _, and when wc had drawn the name and _pvuioiples through all the mazes oi persecution , aud made them rcspectablo _, we then

      The Fratermty Of Nations. Democratic Fes...

      foolishly assumed another name , which again we were obliged to purify , but now we have it aiid we'll keep ifc . ( Tremendous applause ) It is unnotified by our songs , our hymns , our badges , our mottoes and our banners ; it is endeared by onr sufferings and our persecution ; our vows of faith are registered in the dock , the dungeon , and the _transport : it is dear to us as tho crippled child to its mother , is made dearer by its weakness , and by the _sufterinjs it has imposed upon us . ( Tremendous applause . ) Let us go on then conquering and to conquer , bearing in mind that wo owe nothing to the toleration , of _despotism , the law ' s , clemency , or authority's mercy That the law of treason , the law of libel , " of _conspi racy and sedition , stand as tbey did fifty years ago upon the statute book , but the . _progress and ripeness of mind bas forced upon them a milder construction . I We have lighted the rash-light of liberty at thc

      expiring blnze of tyranny ; we have studded- the firmament with tbe _twinkliiigsters of freedom , as so _nianj beacon lights pointing the hesitating , the * _lagging " , and the coward to the beater : track of the pioneera , and inviting them to follow . ( Tremendous applause . ) 1 trust , sir , that my foet-raark will be found in the general ruck . I now fee ! the prudence of your wise limitation of the speakers ; you bave prescribed them within the _rational limits of prudence , fori fed my Irish blood rising as 1 procevd with the exciting topic , and therefore I shall conclude by assuring you , and the _oufilawed of all nations that when liberty is the prize to be ' eontended for , tbat nritber tbe dosk , the _dungeos , or tiie scaffold , shall have horrors for me but , K stretched on the rack , I would smile tenor out of countenance , and die . as I have lived , a pure lover of liberty ;—( tremendous cheering and waving of hats *)

      Mr . _M-Grath said , Mr . President and Gentlemen , I am _unncqiiainteiiV-ith language strong enough to express the delight which I havo experienced at the elegant outpourings of the spirit of _Deuiocraey , which we h : _i-ve heard here this evening . Thu _pleasure which I feel upon this score is , I am sure , universally _psirticipntod in by you . ( Hear . ) _Gentleme-n , it affords lire unalloyed s & iisliie . tion to hear of the progress your society is making , and the amount of good which its diligence has efr \ _.-oted . My ardent hope is , that it may go on _inet \ using in _strfciiij-tli ; that it may become a great politicitl light , shining oa und making plain the path of duty , which must be _pursued hy _thedespot-iursed nations of tho world . ( _Cheers-. ) Or adopting the mntaphor of Mr . Harney , I hope this ! this little cloud , which has gathered in the west , will coir .

      tinueto increase in magnitude , and to sh » ot forth those electric _discharges which must ultimately _sllalee thu thron _. 'of every despot in Ecrope . ( Great Cheering . ) Gentlemen , I heartily respond to the sentiment proposed by our ' _PresidentJrbryouradoptioii _^ Tlie democra ts of Britain are the only party in this country who are imbued with a sincere desire for human progression . Por while Young England cries out for retrogression ,, and the Whigs for finality , the democrat ' s watchword iSj . ' onward and we conquer , backward ane "! we fall . " While other parties are _lounjiing in idleness , or busy in mischief , the democrats are diligent in the prosecution of some meritorious work . { Hear ) European tyrants trample upon the _liberties of their unfortunate subjects ; who are they that _sympathize with the victimo , and denounce tin . '

      wrongdoers?—the democrats of Britain . ( Applause . ) Poland , the blood of whose brave sons has consecrated her to liberty , _wriihes under the lashing of a triple tyranny ; who are they that endeavour to arouse British feeling in behalf of' She oppressed V— tho deinociata of Britain . ( Cheers ) ' Every act of domestic tyrairay , whether in the shape of an Irish Coercion Biil , tho _enu bodiment ofthe Militia , whether _practised by Legislators in St . Stephen ' s , by Ministers iu _Downsng-street , or by Coal Kings or Cotton Xords in the _nortlly is sure of _expe _* sure to the world , aud _sapvobation by the democrats of theeountry . ( Cheers . ) The _Chartists-of England make the _estnbiishmtut of the rights of man the grand aim of their labours—they _havn sworn allegiance to tlie _cjusc of the Charter , and may grinning infamy be the inonu .

      ment of the recreant who proves a traitorta that cause . ( Great Applause . ) That cause , I am convinced , must , in the long run triumph ; it-has within it tlis elements of success , _beinu founded upon truth ; aad ; as magna est Veritas et _precvalebit , we may hope . soon to scf She cause of the Charter triumphantly ] _coln ' iirauiig in the ascendant . ( Cheers !) Union has hitherto been our desideratum , let that ba supplied aad our success is sure . ( Chsers . ) Lot the millions fraternize , let tlieir bond of _union'be love ol " father-laud , their incentive to- aetion the good of mankind ; and though their progress may be checked by the obstacles Which tyranny will not fail to throw- in their way , thera is no power that can prevent the ultimnte

      realization of their holy purpose .. ( Cheers . ) We must not be driven from tliepath of duty , either by the threats of open foes , or lured by tho blandishments of _ptstesded friends . We must stick t . > the good ship , whether the storm menaces destruction , or the calm prevints her from making headway . In our progress to the port of success we shall , no doubt , be hailed by those smugglers and pirates by which the political ocean is _always-beset . For these we _h-. ive one reply—behold thc hanner of the People ' s Cluirter , proudly floating nt our _ninstheii-. V ; it is there nailed' and come weal , come woe , we will battle beneath it , until victory ' s gale shall wave it _oi-sr thewreck of class misrule . ( Great cheering . )

      Mr . Strauss ( German ) _deliverctfan excellent-and eloquent speech showing the cause * which had hitherto prevented the triumph of free principles , and urging . thu education of the people as their best safeguard against tyranny . Mr . Strauss was warmly applauded . Tlie Chairman then gave—May the patriots of Poland ,, acknowledging , the supremacy of eternal justice , seek the liberation and _re-establishment of tlieir country through the recognition ofthe equal political and social rights-of the entire Polish people ; may tliey , guided by sueh . an aim , have the support of the patriots of every land , and may they speedily succeed in overthrowing the tyrants and desolator 3 of their country . Colonel OnonsKi responded in the French language , the following la a translation ofhis remarks : —

      Citizens , —The anniversary wa cikbrato this evening , is at the same time edifying- and _painful—Eui-fying , because it reminds us of an epoch whioh was the begining ofthe real life of a great people 1 , when was performed one of the great nets of their noble efforts to attain an end which providence has assigned to all the great families of mankind which is , that of being , true , asd not a mere passive _to-. din the hands ofa despot or iv rogue to oppress tlieir own brethren . ( Cheers . ) Puint ' al , for it reminds us that the result ofthe generous efforts of so much heroism was _anihilated by the combined _aation of the enemies of humankind . It is doubly painful to ma , as a Pole , because , two years after the epoch whieh this anniversary celebrates , my fatherlahd was _Gi-ushad , and anihilated by the same enemies _whoi _-iien _, meditating

      the destruction of France , wished before all . to- secuve their _reir , in order to be enabled to pursue their work- of dsstruetion in the west—and they have succeeded in their diabolical work . Shall it be for ever ? They don ' t believe it themselves ! and as to us ,, if we would admit it , we would commit a mortal sin against our sacred faith in the incessant _progre-ss of humanity , wliich nothing can stop . ( Applause . ) The words of tho toast just given are well adapted to present circumstances _, for they encourage U 3 Poles to pursue the same work which the epoch we aro now celebrating proclaimed , namely , that of recognising the equal political and social rights of the entire people . Well ,. oiliawtiS , I ca _: l assure you that the tendencies of Poland have been for centuries .. past directed towards the fulfilment of this

      very work , and that work she never will cease to pursue . ( Cheers . ) Allow mc to cite you only two example- * . Two centuries ago , on the 28 th April , K 53 _* ,. b ! i 6 Polish _dit-t promulgated a In w , by which every individual , accepting any privileged foreign titles , such as Prince , Count . Baron , Marquis , « be . _- ., "is covered with infamy . " This law was never repealed , on the contraay . its existence was several times assertod in the diet . Uut it wiil . he _saio , notwithstanding all that , there has always beea . a privileged class in _existence , the " _noWtts J" Tea , that is a fact—yet if you only reflect a little _> that , in Poland , tiiis title , or rather this designation , signified nothing else bnt soltlit'TS on horseback , mm who were _bound to defend the country as soldiers of cavalry , and that for their entertainment they received , instead ot a salary in

      money , landed properties for life , or only temporary , ( which , those who did not go to- war were _oblige-d to restore . ) In fact , this was not a privileged class , it was only in _subsequent _timas that this cla * s assumed unequal privileges . Later , it is now fifty-six years- ago . on the 7 th May , 1794 , our immortal _Kosciusko , _acting as dictator , _prnclaimed by a sprciul law , tbe _iibsolui-. _- equality of tho peasantry with the rest of the nation . ( Cheers . ) Thus , citizens , by those two fart . * , you see that the endeavours of the Polish people have always hvn in accordance with the sentiments expressed in She toast , and it was only that great crime against all humanity , that act of vilebrigandago wiih wliich yea : ii _\ _-

      all acquainted , perpetrated towards _ous notion , which prevented the accomplishment of this work aad ths marcii towards an aim , which even up to thu present moment—I am sorry to say—has not been , attain-. ; . ! fully by any nation . Wc must hope , brethren , shut this aim will at last bo attained , and allow me to , say , that being animated by this hope , which is my only consola _. tion in this world . I must here _eipi-ess . my sincere _sratriuui ! for tbe kiwi wishes expvosstil ii » tbi * toast « and permit mo , from tho depth of my heart ,, in my turn tu give a toast to the eternally glorious _mt'iua-ry of the is . j we arc now celebrating . " May all thc nations , in _re-mistU ing themselves of this glorious epoch , hasten their _maycli towards tlieir full and entires _l'e _. jel'tfratioiY . " ( fe > at

      applause . ) The Chairman then cave— j The Democrats of Germany , Scandinavia ,. Switzerland , Italy , Spain , Vviissia , and Europe _generally ; ' may tbey abandon national prejudices , ar \ oi _speeeUSy acquire the democratic institutions for "shich they are struggling . Professor _Sievehs ( who spoke iu _Gei .-man ) said—So be it , brethren ; down with all natioir . il _pi-ojudioos , up with democratic institutions . ( Cheers ,, ) National prejudices did iiot of late break out so _generally and strongly as tliey do at thc present _ptrioik From one end of Europe to tho other there is but one outcry of violated national honour . The Spaniards contend against the French , the Germans against tha Danes , and only tho Slavonic race is striving to un Ue closely in opposition to the other two races who havo taken possession of _Yjuropi-. It has been to no purpose that mankind have _sulleivd the consequences ot such national prejudices in the most ; droadful manner from tha _ans-id times up to the preseut

      The Fratermty Of Nations. Democratic Fes...

      day , neither war , nor domestic slavery have yet _cjii-eel thea nations of their lolly . ( Hear , hear . ; Hut is there iio ) _BXCUHC ivll ' _tttuvur lot' such a folly i Has hhe Wo of : * fatherland not anything in it that is good and _i-. oble ?' 'Has not everyone of u * , when reading the deeds of a _i Leonidas and his three hundred Spartans , or . of thu - few thousand . Athenians contending against _huhdrt-ils of ' thousands of Persians , liavcwu not felt moruei ; and elavatud , and warmed 1 Yes , wc admire these nun and thtfir magnanimity , wu admire all _thos-e . who act like them ; but _the-n , _brethie-n , was it Greece lor which they _, struggled 1 was it their _fathe-rlaiid ! No , brethren , it was not , for Greece was . it that time but _anoiiitr _numo for liberty , as Persia was ior tyranny . ( Cheers . ) Uut I

      ask you , brethren , is G . imany- also another name fas liberty ! is _Jtussia f ia _a-ny other , country in " Europe ? No , brethren-, you say _there is no country where liberty has been realised to its >';> U extent . _We-11 then , a principle , tin idea , may throw buthusiasin Into our breats , a bit of clay cannot . " Dowir wiih the national pr- judic . s throughout Europe , up with _dciut-eratie _iustitiuioiu . " _JJ-ttt , brethren , such institutions can onl y arise where the _mtfions are-- united ; niitio » s- % hiin _^ against o » e another are like to friends who ; e . \ cite . d i » ihe dark by a traitor , _tlgb-ifsa soon as _dayHght dawns tliey will find out that _thty are friends , will fall- upon their foe and unite in _puiici ? md happiness , 'i'hus ' _-pliilosoyliy now _"¦¦¦¦ _jiii _s to _t-iiliglitsn tut ; nations , _iiiid-.-oon will unite ihiii ) , * i ; d ihey will embyatc one another before the eye * of their

      dethroned tyrants , and earth will be consoled ami _he-aven _ititisned . " ' ( . Applause . ) It was a Frenchman- , who spoke _the-M ; words , ;» brave lighter _Sor the rights _trf uieu in the time of the It- evolution , aiiel _Isanrd spoko truth . Le-t the nations be _uuotael , anti no powsr iii the world can withhold from _theis any longer the- rights _tht-y now ask in v-iiii ; nopowc 3 r'i ) i thu World _cni- >» ithhold Iron * them the democratic institutions which the second pan of the piesim * . toast is _devoted to . ( Cheers . ) ' Uut , _lu-oUn en * these democratic institutions wool b « nothing hut a mockery , _politiauLequality a _nuvvsword , und _oppression soon nould lise _a-fstiu as it did mi France , in _sphu of the republic , if social inequality wept ! not rem v « d along with despotic power , ileal , sincere democracy cicn only Le founded

      on the common- possession of the soil and iti natural productions , on- _coiiMituuit )—( Cbeer _3- ) ' - _^ withuut _community there 'Is _IiOfcUIegual'd for the people against : _e new oppression ,, aiid withoiv . community then : is noliupu of elevating the moral slate of human society in ' geueral . ( Applause . ) ' ls * i' . impossible that nothkig- but making money should be nothing but man' .- ! destination on earth , it is impossible that iiiu . q can ever bu happy in such a pursuit . We ,, therefore ' , are convinced , that even , those _I'ltuse * of sociKty-who-lire at present possessed of property cannot but sec shortly that their own happiness , nay , their own dignity as human b .-ings , will l . e much better provided tor io such democratic institutions as aro founded on community , ( _t & reat applause . )

      Mr . II . _Baueii also addressed the meeting _in-the _Gcruto'A Un _^ ua gu' The following is the substance of the speech : ' — " Brethren , —O'ar' festival of to-day has a-twofolet' purpose : wo not only celebrate the memory of the _yrocamatioii of- the French llepublic—we are assembled lure also to-celebrate the anniversary of thu foundation of the Society of Fraternal _lle-mocratst _. It was thu _FsC-nch-Republic , which proclaimed the _uijiversal fraternity . ' of man ; but the _cacuinstaiict-o- of the times _prerentod Francs from always praciUiKg this principle . _W-e proclaim ihe same principle ;¦ aad , behold , our society also practises it . If , as yet , we arc not many , _ncvei'ilnltsii , a grail principle due ** - not require numbers to force ii _» acknowledgment . It requires to be true—nothing-mure . ( Cheers . ) Uut tha principle aSune is insutlicie ; tt , _uiiU-Si it be a so put into practice—unless it become fact ; Great weie the difficulties which our society luid ti ) overcome before it assumed its present position ; lsut » wu persevered ; and now /

      • with _pe-ide _,. _nvo < ing , _oureyus-uviiuuil , we etm say : ¦ ' Look ! behold here a fact—ihe brotherhood of-nations _ieal-. ised ! " ( Appiause . ) _lti-presstitatives of all the nations fof-. Europe aro united here in-brotherly _alfvction and-; 'hurmuiiy ; uud believe it , if wc continue to improve our * istlves-and our society , and to-vender closer and closer the bonds of our fraternity , we shall set an example to the nations , whieh , in time , will tiadit-t imitation ; and if added-to the last the practical _example of our association—we _spare : «) uxor tion , and miss no opportunity , te > proclaim our principles , before _, the world , if ne do ' this , tkcii ,. brothers , have no doubt _bu-iPthnt , as we are all united here as individuals from all countries of Europe , so the nations of the world will one , and at no very _distant day , bu banded together-iu-tbe bonds of . universal fraternity , forgetting , _ihe-ir leuds and wars , all united fur one purpose—to _rsalise , through universal brotherhood } tho univereal- hiippin . 'ss ¦ of ' mankind . ( Great _applause . )

      Jlr ; 1 _' F . _iiNDEE als _» spoke in German . ; his speech was loudly cheered . The Chairman then gave—The . veritable _Damuurats of ths-United States , may they / succeed in their nob . ' e cllons to carry out * ilns ' _'ir-Hit-iples of their- ' lamed " _Deskuatiou ol Independence , " by _abedvliing the slavery ot white and _uiael * . —wages and whipping—and secure to every _niau his own rights ami no more , social as well as political . Mr . SiueEL KtED said , Sisters nnd-brothers , as 1 have calmly listened to the sentiments -expressed b y the various speakers , _sentiuxMits which , if . v . uderstood and expressed by mankind gen ' _tr . illy , " . yould change the whole arrangement of society ., social a _» will as pp . itical , lhave this night . asked myself what will the v . ress of _laii _^ laud say of us to-morrow , wiiltliG . T pa . is bj our assemblage in soinbre silence , will _thi-yspi-ak the truth , or will they

      dish upour seiitinieiita-in . a ten-line paragraph and finish it nith-the declaration ,. " ihc _fratci-niiy of nil nations is- Chartism in . disguise . These silly men rail at money- mongers and capitalists , . not * nu > wing . that capitalists are thc real friends of the labourers , without whose : < id they-could , not live ! " The latter s _.-ntiineut is the every day expression ot men who pride themselves on thoir philosophy , aud . are glibly logical ou that science they . term political economy . I . a ? lt your attention , th'ju , you , _philasophieal political _economists , and I also bespeak the attention of those gentlemen who cannot discover the _diffciteuce b .-t-vut . il political and social evils , Lco-itendthat'wvilt - and _self-uppropriatinggovernment encourages social burthens , una sluclds the oppression of money and easiitahstie-powejy yet , do I make a clean . _briiast on this point , and assure you , . that I . conceive the mere political reformer to be a mere .-fool—at best a . _discontented and halt-informed man on the grant evils

      of society hi its present state . The political econnomist , and also the mere politician , admit thatthe earth is by uatura the- common , property , of man . They lay down , as the-basis of tlieir theory that there must be labumv capital , and . exchaiKjr .. That these propositions . require _labowerSr . capitalists and exchangers ,. of course , must follow , as . nn inevitable deduction .. 1 illustrate their theory , as follows :. — A .,. IS . and C . — A . the la , bouwr _, E .. the iwehiuigpr ,. ami C . the capitalist , andof course , the hoarder up . of labour ' s fruits , flow skilljand physical power exercised on the earth , or raw material produces the _capital , and if the exchanger gives . in representative or _motiey . value 6 s . for one _day ' _slittuur to A _. _aniisellsthtisametoC , tiiuc . ipicaiistandcus . tomer _. _torS * it follows that _li _, thc exchanger , who has added

      nothing to thu valua of the commodity , must _i-i"lier , hav 8 paid . _'is too little to A , er charged C ' - ' s too much , except these wise and clever advocates . of the preseut _sestsni . of commercial policy , can shew thu _udiuutage _uflcecpiiiir a aian idle for . the express _putp . asu of consuming , without producing- But again C . looses nothing by the transaction—he is an exchanger of labour , a capitalist ,. aud a consumer . o $ labour ' s produce—and as _mcii , buys . in the cheapest _marktit , uud _scils iu . tiie dearest . Thu labourer is . the oiily party who can loose , " Oh !' . ' but exclaims the political esonaunst , "he gets his wages . " - So . he docs , but wc thi 3 evening ask our American brethren to look to England as an illustration of thu statu of _society that _Aiiiuri'wis fast _ttdriiscimr to , from this system of wages , ami _capitalists . 1 aAk . our American bi-cthr . _en . io look to

      the state of morality this theory of hand _ii'vtn ' . opriatloii and money power , _has . produeed . Some three w « fks back , can-loads of rubbish from the Church Yard of Shoreditch _^ in clmstian , y > iou 3 , rich , aud moiiiisil London , were littiped on a , dunghill , and there was sum the 'lagged urchin and the up-grown man _guthviiog huniau . bones patched _, with the flesh of , their once living brethren ' , a woman was . _gathering cnffi &; furmturi <„ . and the bone _iiit-r-uliau t might be seen wcighi _** _- ; and buying _i-uiios of tht- dvad iivm _tbt > degraded living , Th .: poor « retches wlip . _yt _' _. thercd sculls and _oeitmi bundles , got their , wages , am ! bone merchants and store dealers their profits . Such is . the slate of moral feeling _existing in _lj ) i { j !» i ) d , American _labourers possess _, political power , and we ask them to r . cii > 'dy their social wrongs , to . uarry out the principle of their declaration of

      _Independence . ( Cheers . ) _Xe-t , equality is in America but a _tis ' _. me . In tiie year ISii . t > m _OLveratives ot New York ware in a stnieuf . destitution :. ills agricultural labourers were half naked ; _tlwagriculiej-al scifaml _maim-, _factusbig slave _psoduped wealth to _rej-U-tion , and starved . _, in t ! _ii midst of plenty . Ye :, America has no stato _chui-ch . no standing , army , no _exp-.-n .-iiVt : goveruiiMit . She has . slaves and . _sJavu owners —• _landwvabi'i and capitalists . _—labourers : u ) d wages . _'i'h . e- ' Lu . c Word , is the worst of ail , ' tis another name for the whip . Wages is the whip for the white _^ la _. ve , and the _empi . la . llsi is the slave owner . ( . Cheers . ) Vr ' e say to . our American brethren give to , evcry man bis rights and uo move . tOliucvs . ) The eyes ofthe world ' s eiomocrnts arc- on you . _Xou may lead the van in the cause of holy . brotherhood ,. Your labourtas may be capitalists , your labourers b _.- ; exchangers , gb ' _ng equal

      _valuator equal value , uud claiming for _tln-ifi rights the full share ofall they produce , and ke _.-iimg _the-niiic ' _iile of nature inviolate—tie earth is the comiu & u . property of triau _, and all man : uj brethren . _Ameiis-. tns , when you achieved your iudupeuduiive . you set Europe a noble example your physical powur _uviu'iiwed the allied crowns of oitl states ; your mural influence was great , because your physical power was _daiigi-roev * to your unnatural s ' . ep-nioibcr ; thevoii'esofyoui- Washington and Franklin were listened to with _respivt . Put now « e ask , _> _e-u to jo ' n in a bloodless crusade—n war against the inequality of possessions —( cheers)—a -tar against robbery , wrong , and error—a war against _enslaving men for color , _ni-ecd . or birth . ( Cheers . ) We ask you to join us Hi our endeavours to regenerate oil men of all nations claiming the world as our country , and all men as our brethren .

      ( Great cheering . ) Tht- Clnirman then savei- esolemn _mcnitry ofall who have _suftercd and nerished in prison and m exile , on the _scailoSil and ihe battle-field , in struggling to _Oitab-sb . the rights of man .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 26, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_26091846/page/7/