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      Ldthat In This Will Be Found Mat 26, 184...

      Mat 26 , 1849 . _^ THE NORTHERN STAR . - L i ' . _^ ¦ ¦ —* - —— ' - '

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      _49 n _^ t t * n f 9 Qetr »

      Hungary. Forbear, Fond , Foolish Lovers ...

      HUNGARY . Forbear , fond , foolish lovers of tbe Past "Who scornful g lances on the Present cast !—Blind heretics ! the base belief give o er That hearts heroical beat hi gh no more , That greatness rote with buried generations , And History only knows of patriot nations . "Why shuty our eyes to dream some glorious dreams "While full around the living glory streams ? "Wh y lavish aU your heart on heroes gone , Keep each enamoured verse for Marathon , Deny that _Alorat yet again may be ,

      _-AfidXaseby deem the world ' s last holy victory ? Heaven is more kind . 0 ! now , as then , the Earth Still greatly teems , still bringeth heroes forth ; Still are there nations despots to de f v And mi ghty souls to dare , and willing * hosts to die , _T " e , whose fond hearts old heroes entertain And in the distance hear some patriot strain , Go , gather g _' orious guests from this strange time ? Go , listen now and catch the sounds sublime I " Ope wide , east round your hero-asking eye—Gaze , glut its appetite on _Hungm *! There find full answer to your hearts ' demand-Behold the Hero-Host ! behold the Holy Land !

      O peerless Peop le ! thoug h obscure your story 2 for gracious from the glow of world-wide g lory , Yet have ye lent this awful , g lorious time Its deepest awe , its glory most sublime , The toiling , straggling nations all outwrought , The vvorld-embracmg flame most purely caug ht , "With the deep passion most divinely burned , Alone that lore most rare and lofty learned To yield thc sovereign soul the soverei gn sway , Sublimel y choose and eagerly obey . * " Shall statesmen bid a deathless people die ? * ' Shall Austria quench the light of Hungary ? *¦ Shall courtiers of its breath a nation cheat "And tread the mightv corpse beneath their feet ?"

      O 2 eager , burning ear that People lent "While fulmincd forth her hero eloquent ! See through inspired myriads rush and roll The hol y fire that burst from Kossuth ' s soul ! Proud nobles the divine devotion learn ; Hude peasants with the flame heroic burn ; God ' s servants raise the holy battle-cry ; "Weak women glow for Hungary to die—Brave Beauty will not- from the field be won ; The ranks arc rich vrith many an Amazon ; And skilful chiefs this awful valour guide , And hurl against the foe this fiery tide . Great Captains ! peerless Host , ye cannot fail—O ! holy , happy Cause , that must prevail "When such a people joins its awful mi g ht "With Bern ' s tremendous sword , and Kossuth ' s soul of light ;

      Before such foemen Austria needs must yield ; The heroes smite her on each battle-field"With _thronged triumphs rin « _-s their battle-cry—They rush from victory to victory . Behold her now ! imperial Austria see The suppliant of contiguous tyranny ! In base despair she summons to the _' ght The fetal forces ofthe Muscovite , And woos the crushing aid , the killing care , The dreadful g ifts that Russian hel pers bear . O ! shall the world ' s huge "Witherer consume Aspiring Hungary ' s heroic bloom , Another noble race make haste to whelm And all uusoul another glorious realm ? Up , Poland ! snatch again thy ravished sword ! Smite with the foemen of thy butcher-lord—Hark ! Hungary calls ! the Lord would thee deliver ! To arms ! To arms ! or rot in chains for ever !

      "Up , Ottomans I your final hour draws nigh ; "Would ye yet live ? join hosts with Hungary ! O _^ Europe 2 If with holy fire to burn Transcends th y poorness , vulgar wisdom learn ! A lonely nation dares the Holy War And braves sublime the world ' s huge "Witherer . "Wilt thou behold unmoved the awful strife , "Watch meekly out heroic _^ Hungary's life , Turn from the fighters of thy special fight , And woo thy master in the Muscovite—Repeat thy base assent to Poland ' s doom , And weep thy sordid guilt o er Hungary ' s tomb ?

      Land of my love ' , dear people of my heart I O ! shall your life be quenched ? your life depart ? Shall all the g lorious valour be iii vain And Russia blast you with her hideous rei gn ? Must Freedom mourn her slaughtered Hero-Band And Europe miss her withered Holy Land ? O Lord of Hosts ! with this dear host remain ! O God of Grace ! the good old Cause maintain ! Grant , grant my seul the ecstaey to see Thy smile upon " triumphant Hungary—The nations ' ueatli her glowing soul made bri g ht , And rest and glory for her Sons of Li ght . Birmingham Mercury .

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      2 _£ cmm $ _-

      ^The Illustrated Atlas, And Modern Histo...

      _^ THE ILLUSTRATED ATLAS , AND MODERN HISTORY OF THE "WORLD . Edited hy _R-. Mon tgomer _HJaiitdt , Esq . Parts IIL and IV . London : J . and F . Tallis , 100 , St . Johnstreet "These parts contain maps of the Western Hemisphere , _^ Northern Italy , Southern Italy , and Denmark . It is not possible , in the compass ofa few words , to do justice to the merits of this Deautiful and useful work , which must l > e seen to be appreciated . The maps ( with ihe accompanying illustrations ) , are superb ; and , altogether , this is one of the cheapest and "best publications ofthe day .

      The History Of Ireland. By T. "Weight , ...

      The History of Ireland . By T . "Weight , Esq ., ALA ., & c , & c . Part XL London : J . and F . Tallis , 100 , St . John-street . A _poutiox of tbe events ofthe reign of Queen Elizabeth occupy this part , including the murder of Davels , tlie long-continued rebellion of the Geraldines , the massacre of the Spanish adventurers , tlie overthrow and tragical deaths ofthe Earl of Desmond , Sir John of Desmond , and most of the Geraldine leaders ; broils and battles , murder and misery—the history of Ireland is a truly frightful record . _ In the wars

      • with the Desmonds , Captain Raleigh , after-¦ wards the celebrated Sir "Walter Raleigh , and Spenser , the poet , are brought hefore us as actors in thc strife . One ofthe most curious and interesting chapters of the History is devoted to an abridged re-production of _Spender ' s treatise on " The State _ofirelancL" In the following extract is described one of the principal causes of Irish suffering and anarchy , which , denounced by Spenser nearly three Imndred yea r s ago , has continued , nevertheless , "without amendment to the present hour .

      XAXDLOBDS ASD TEXAXT 3 . " The lords of land and freeholders , " * we quote ihe words of Spenser , " do not there use to set out their land in farms , or for a . term of years , to their tenants , bnt only from year to year , and some during pleasure , neither indeed will the Irish tenant Or husbandman otherwise take his land than so long as he list himself . The reason hereof in thc tenant _« for that the landlords there use most shamefully

      -io rack their tenants , lay ing upon them coyne and livery at p leasure , and exacting of them ( besides his covenants ) what he pleaseth . So that the poor husbandman either dare not bind himself to him for a longer term , or thinketh hy his continual liberty of change to keep his landlord the rather in awo from wronging of him . And the reason why the landlord will no longer covenant with him , is , for that he daily looketh after change and alteration , andhovereth in expectation of new worlds . " h

      Thc result of this system was naturally enoug that thc tenant was not encouraged to improve the land , or build upon it , and that i t thus became less -profitable to the landlord himself . Spenser observes : "For what reasonable man will not thins that the tenement shall be made much better forthe lord ' s behoof , if the tenant may by such good means be drawn to build himself some handsome habitation thereon , to ditch and enclose his ground , to manure and husband it as g _/> od farmers iise _^ ? Por when his tenant's term shall be expired , it will

      yield him , in the renewing his lease , both a good fine and also a better Tent . And also it shall be for the " _* "OOd ofthe tenant likewise , who _uj such build-In * 3 ° and enclosures shall receive many benefits ; first , by the handsomeness of his house he shall take more comfort of his life , more safe dwelling , and adeli"httokeep his said house neat and cleanl y which now being , as they commonly are , rather swine-sties than houses , is the chiefest cause _^ of his so beastly manner of life and savage condition , lying and _' living together with his beast , m one hons _\ in one _rSoni , in one bed , that is clean straw , or rather a foul dunghill . "

      "We are _sony to _" say that most of Spenser ' s projected reforms were merely schemes for establishing the sway of the English government , hy force and persecution . He recommended the extirpation , by violence , of every vestige of Ir ish nationality , and a war of extermination against all who failed to mate immediate submission to England . -This month ' s illustration is a most beautiful engraving , representing Richard Earl of _Pembroke taking leave of his brother . "We should

      The History Of Ireland. By T. "Weight , ...

      _a-ld , that in this part will be found a sketch of the far-famed Grace O'Malley , the Graine-ni-Mhaile ( Granu "W eale ) of Irish legend and song . _^_ Mackenzie ' s Educational Boohs ; Elementary Works , Catechisms , tyc . ; Murray ' s Grammar ; Mackenzie ' s Arithmetical , Commercial , and Artificer ' s Tables ; Wine-office Court , London . These two works are the commencement of a serie s of cheap school hooks , and elementary scientific works , -which must prove a valuable boon to the "working man ; for here is given , . u tu _ _i . _a- _ : _ i mi <• . . _^

      in euery respect , as much as is usually sold for one shilling , or , at the lowest—ninepence , for the small sum of twopence . "We do not know the secrets of the " trade , " but the reduction seems enormous . How " the trade" may benefit by their ' sale we cannot say ; this we know , the purchaser , whether for his . own or his family ' s use , will derive great advantage . The prospectus , in reference to placing the rudiments of scientific knowledge within the reach of all classes , truly says : —" A seed thus scattered may fall on a congenial soil , and

      result in a fertility gratifying to its possessor , and honourable to our country . " And again : '' In the most humble establishments the price will allow every member of a class to _. possess a copy of thc work from which he has to gain instruction . "Where a famil y is numerous each child may have the advantage of its own book , while the parent will not feel the cost a serious item in pecuniary expenditure . The adult , virtuousl y ambitious of attainments , not within his reach in youth , may also , by a trifling outlay , have the elements of self-instruction at his command . "

      "Murray ' s Grammar" requires not criticism at our hands , the prospectus continues" Our belief is that our-project will prove more universally useful by . not disturbing the present economy of schools , and that many parents more readily aid their children ' s prog ress b y having those works which are familiar to themselves . Atthe same time the greatest attention and care will be bestowed on emendations rendered necessary bythe improvements , di scover i es , and truths revealed in the continual progress of knowledge . The " Book of Tables" would occupy a page to fully describe the mass © f useful information it contains . The title is : —

      "New and correct Commercial , Arithmetical , Miscellaneous and Artificers' Tables , for the use ef Schools , Counting-houses and Workshops . Calculations in Bricklaying , Carpentry , Lathing , Masonry , Paper Hanging , Paving , Planting , Plastering , Slating , Tiling , "Well-sinking , Digging , & c ., & c . Fractions and Decimals . Forms of Recei p t s and Bills for the Man of Business . Statistics .

      Curious and Scientific Calculations on Man , Steam , Railways , Power , Light , "Wind , & c . Language and Alphabets . The Calendar of the Church . Scripture Money , to assist those Reading or Teaching the Holy Bible . Principal Foreign Monies and Measures for the Traveller or Merchant . Geograp hical and Astronomical Tables . The Compass . Miscellaneous Tables , & c , & c .

      "We p ick out the following curious and start ling calculations under the liead of

      DISTHIBCTION OF TUE SOIL OF OREAT _BltlTAIN * AXD IRELAND . There are in Great Britain , 4 , 761 , 091 males twenty years of age and upwards , and according to the forogoing statement , there are 43 , 043 , 000 acres of good land , thus being for every man in England , Scotland , and Wales , 9 acres and 36 43-47 perches ; the uniraprovable'having been deducted . There are in Ireland 1 , 890 , 763 males upwards of twenty years of age ; and there being 19 , 441 , 044 acres fit for cultivation , it gives for the labour of every man 9 acres and 26-36 ofa perch . The lowest rental of land in England , ( Wilts

      averages 9 s . per acre , the hi ghest ( Middlesex ) 33 s . 9 d . In Wales the lowest average is 4 s . Sd . ; the highest 19 s . per acre . The average rental of land in all England per acre is 18 s . lOd . ; in all Wales 9 s . 5 d . ;—in England and Wales combined the average is 17 s . 8 d . Captain Leig h Lye calculates thatland let out at 3 d- , per perch , ov " 62 per acre in field gardens , produces a profit to the labourer of £ 20 a year—thus , tben , if the present population was sufficient so to cultivate the soil , the rental produced from it in Great Britain would be £ S 7 , 89 G , 000 , while the annual profit to the cultivators would be - £ 878 , 960 , 000 ; which profit divided would be to every man of twenty years of age and above , £ 184 12 s . 3 id . per year , or £ 3 lis . weekly . In Ireland , were there a

      population large enough to cultivate the land , the annual rental , at the same estimate , would be £ 33 , 833 , 8 S 8 ; and yield an annual profit to the cultivators of £ 38 S , S 33 , S $ 0 ; being an annual sum to every man above twenty years of age , in Ireland , if thev could manage to work this much land , of £ 205 13 s . annually , or £ 3 19 s . Id . weekly . Since 1 S 01 , 3 , 740 , 523 acres ofthe commons' land have been enclosed by acts of parliament , of which the rental , estimated as before , would be £ 7 , 481 , 056 per vear , andthe profit to the labourers _^ if so let to them , £ 74 , 810 , 560 annually . There are 14 , 834 . 000 acres of waste land in Great Britain and Ireland , * this , if let at Captain lye ' s estimate , would y ield a rental of £ 29 , 668 , 000 , and g ive a profit to the labourers of £ 296 , 630 , 000 .

      "What a curious fact to sit down and read a book of tables as an amusement , yet we have done so with advantage . The statistics ofthe European powers , at the present time , is intensel y interesting . "We sincerel y recommend these works to all our readers , on account of excellence , utility , and p rice .

      A Lesson Tor Artisans.—I Am A Married Ma...

      A Lesson tor Artisans . —I am a married man , with a wife and five children , says a correspondent of the Builder , who are dependent upon my exertions for their support . Being a working mechanic my income is ( when employed ) £ 1 10 s . per week . My parents , thirty years ago , were similarly situated , with about one-third of this income . From them I learned a lesson of economy . The great question with me is , what quantity and quality of the necessaries of life are most conducive to " promote health , strength , and happ iness . Guided by the wise in former ages , and by my own experience , I have long since come to the conclusion—that man ' s real wants are comparatively few . I have found , therefore , in past years , that two-thirds of my income will sufficiently supply mysel f and family with the necessaries of life ; the one-sixth of the

      same will meet the casualties of loss of employment ; the other sixth , whieh is os . per week , or about £ 10 per year , i s laid b y for sickness or age . This trifling sum ! with interest and compound interest , in a few years will make a poor man comparativel y rich . _jSow , I am persuaded that there are thousands of working men , if they would make an honest statement of what they spend foolishly , the amount so spent would be more than I pretend to save , and thev are often lay ing themselves under the _necessitv of g iving twenty per cent , for p ledges of then * propertv , when , at the same time they might , by resolution and good management , be receiving instead of g iving interest for money . Let these hints be received in the spirit they are given . Let them excite an honest ambition to raise -ourselves from that state of degradation in which too many of us are found . ¦ Driffieldwhere

      At a village not many miles from , the schoolmaster seems " notto . be abroad , " the office of sexton recently became vacant , and a successor was sought by a notice on the church door , announcing that " a Saxon was wanted . " A wag ijeing this , wrote underneath it , ' ¦ Won't a Dane do ?" A domestic newly engaged presented to his master One morning a pair of boots , the leg of one of which was much longer than the other . "How comes it , Patrick , that these boots are not of the same length ? " — "I raly don't know , sir , but what bothers me the most is , that the pah down stairs are in the same fix . " : : _^ _; A Sea Sxakr . —On _Mon-Jay . in extraordinary specimen ofthe Gymnetrusj . which has recentl y been caught off the coast © f _yofthumberJand , to wh i ch the apellation of Gymnetrus _Xortlmmbricus has , in consequence ; been-givenwas exhibited at the

      Cosmo-, - - — -- * i - * _. _^ it ; . rama Booms , Regent-street . It is upwards of thirteen . ; feet in length , and bears a striking resemblance , in its principal features , to the sketches and descriptions hitherto given of thc great marine monster , to which the title of " sea serpent" has been given . The Gymnetrus has already been exhibited m _Uewcastle-on-Tyne , where it was inspected by a great number of persons . ; and : there Is little doubt but that the speculation will be _^ equally attractive and successful in this metropolis .: Death of Miss _Edgewokth . —Maria Edgeworth _, the celebrated Irish novelist , died at Edgeworthftown , county of Longford , on the morning of Monday last , after a few hours' illness . She had reached an advanced age , aud thc last years of her life were passed in her native village in tranquillity and peace lord Gough has sent over £ 70 , 000 for the purchase of an ancestral estate in Ireland .

      A Lesson Tor Artisans.—I Am A Married Ma...

      SUJiSHEfE AND S HADOW ; A TALE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY . BY THOMAS MARTIN WHEELER , Late Secretary to the National Charter Association and National Land Company . CnAMER Till . Poverty hath a sharp and goading power To wring the torture cry , and fill the breath With frantic curses or despairing sighs But her cold withering grasp is deepest felt By the fine spirit that endures in silence , And trembles lest his shallow purse be sounded By the sleek friends about him—him who dreads The taunting mockery that ever waits On sensibility , unwarranted by wealth .

      He does not show The vagrant ' s ra s and tell the winning tale Of doleful falsehood . He has never learnt To shape his language in beseeching tone , And stand a mendicant beneath the roof Of some rich kin , . vho g ives such good advice To qualify the charitable gold , That proud and honourable palms shrink back , And rather grapple with the spectre hand Of famine , than accept the boon so granted . Eliza Cook

      Tis eve , and Arthur Morton has once more returned to his lod gings after another day of fruitless application for employment , —his last shilling is oxpended , —every available article of clothing has been disposed of , and no resource suggests itself to his racked imagination save an application to his uncle . Pride , which lingers long in the human bosom—which often proves stronger than love of life—forbade his approach to his uncle ' s doors , but conscience whispered , and hunger echoed the whisper , that it was a crime to die of starvation while such a resource remained open to him , and , ere he slept , he determined to avail himself of this last barrier between himself and famine .

      Early next morning found him at his uncle ' s residence , where hc was informed by a young girl ( the ancient dame had . been discharged , ) that Mi * , and Mrs . Morton were gone into the country for a fortni g ht . Arthur , notwithstanding his pride , could scarce avoid tears as this last hope was rent from him ; ho , however , explained his relationshi p , and was kindly askdd into the house and invited to partake of the girl ' s homel fare ( she was on board wages ) . Arthur , melted into weakness by her apparent kindness , explained to her his distressed situation , and felt relieved by the audible vents thus g iven to his feelings ; the poor g irl sympathised with him , and insisted upon his taking the remainder of the loaf and cheese , and , unknown to him ,

      wrapped up a shilling with it . Kind-hearted Sall y , it was thy only shilling , and will he needed before th y master ' s return , but trul y thou reasonest , that thou hast a shelter , and the reflection of th y master ' s credit will enable thee to obtain credit also , and never could thy woman ' s heart hear tales of distress and not , if it was in thy power , relieve it . Type art tliou of thy class ! would that those calling themselves the middle and upper classes would profit by thy example . Honour to the working men and women of England ! poor and unable to provide against the future as are the many ; careless and improvident as are the few ; never does distress fall with a heavy hand upon a brother or sister of their acquaintance , but out of their poverty they

      give with a nobleness of heart that redeems a thousand errors , and outweighs a host of vulgarities . Oftentimes their method of rendering assistance may be expensive and ill-judged—as benefits at theatres , balls , concerts , tea parties , lotteries , raffles , & c . ; but among what otherclassof society issuch active and devotea benevolence seen ? __ And though the political economist , buttoning up his pockets as though there was any danger of the money leaving them , may assure us that indiscriminate charity is both vicious and impolitic , yet it is a vice so near akin to virtue , that the working classes will be excused b y all but the said economists for _indulging in It . * And -well does experience teach , not only the professional beggar , but the really distressed , that at

      it is not at our west-end palaces , nor our merchant's counters , or from our shopkeeper ' s tills , that they will receive the dole of charity , but at the residences of those who are but one remove from themselves , and whom the caprice of a master , a change in trade , and many other causes , may speedily place in as bad a condi t ion . But Arthur , inexperienced in these matters , thoug ht not of appealing to charity , or thought of it only as a last resource . Tired of pacing the crowded' streets of London , where , to his eyes , all seemed busy , all occupied , and he alone an unwilling idler , he turned his stops towards the northern suburbs , in the faint hope that the country would prove more fortunate to him than the metropolis had been . Hour after hour did

      he travel throug h the suburbs , inquiring for employment at every printer ' s , until the shades of evening came o er him as he ascended the famous Higligate IIHI , where , seating himselt by the roadside , lie undid his packet of bread and cheese , and was astonished at the sig ht of the shilling , —this was indeed a treasure to him . Oh ! how he blessed the kindness ofthat poor g irl . Those who have never felt the pangs of poverty , who have never been in a similar condition to our hero , cannot imagine the feeling of joy with which he gazed on that piece of silver , 'twas a mine of wealth that would enable him to reach Birming ham , where he hoped his wanderings would cease . With new vigour he arose and pursued his journey until nightfall , when taking

      advantage of . a kindly haystack , adjacent to the roadside , ( the shilling was too great a treasure to be spent for lodging , ) he speedily fell asleep and dreamt of mines of gold , and steam presses , and newspapers printed with gold and silver type . Oh ! what a blessing is sleep to the poor and needy . The beggar under its gentle spell can be as comp letel y blessed during half the hours of his existence as he who heaps gold in his iron chest ; yea , more so , for no pandering to a pampered appetite will bring visions of ni g htmare to his couch , —no fear of robbers at his treasured store cloud the brig htness of his dreams . Despots of the earth ! Mammon worshippers ! who coin our blood and sinews into gold , thanks be to God , ye have no power in the realm of imagination , in dreams nt least we are

      free ; in the visions of the ni g ht we can for a while lose sioht of the harsh realities of the day . So it was with Arthur ; he was no longer a poor friendless outcast , with a haystack for his bed , his bundle for a p illow , and the damp dews of night for his curtain , but an eastern monarch , surrounded with gold and silver ore , which his slaves around were casting into dazzling type . The rising sun saw Arthur again resume his journey , and thus passed several days during which timo he lived on bread and water , and the heavens were his nightl y canopy , but cheered by that bri g ht p hantom , Hope , he at length reached Birmingham . Header hast thou ever visited this mighty emporium of iron and steel , worked into every pattern ,

      shape , and device that human ingenuity can suggest . Here is the metal forged that the warrior wields triump hant in the battle ' s desperate strife ; here the thimble , emblem of industry , worn even to the wearer ' s bone in the still harder conflict of female industry against the Jewocracy of the world ; here are wroug ht the ornaments which g litter on the dressing tabic ofthe wealthiest lad y in the land ; and here , also , every instrument , every tool that the professional man , the mechanic , or the agriculturist can require . Happy union of elegance and utility—of the arts of war _andtyeace . Long lias the versatility of thy trades saved thee from the extremes of indigence , too often felt by thy sisters , _Manchester and Liverpool , Dublin and Glasgow . - 1 . XV .. _ 1 | 4 . 1 , _ h

      '" Long hast thou been the worms mar «* . ' » " « - devices of Tubal Cain , from the plaything of the child to the weapon of tlie man ! Look well to thj - self thou city of swarth-faced and bare-armed artisans-thou parent of Cheap Johns and mock _auetions-or thy rivals in Saxony will beat thee not only out ofthe world ' s market , but even out of those of thine own land , and thy fame will only be a dream ofthe past . Such is the sure result of the pXyof partiafFree Trade , which thy merchants thv shopkeepers have assisted to bring about , and in which too many of thy artisans have suicidally acquiesced . But we are not writing a political es _* av . and thereforo must discontmue this theme , but Birming ham and politics were at the _periocj of oir tale almost _synonimous The ron-hand _^ d men of Bimiham armed to the teeth by the Whig

      rng , press , and arrayed in martial columns , were the magic which hurled Toryism from its throne , — cowed thc most gallant aristocracy in the world , — gave the nation a delusive benefit in the shape of a Reform Bill , —and a real injury in _raising to place and pay the Whig conjurors , for whose especial behoof the p hantasmagoria of the Birmingham revolution was broug ht into existence . Seven years had passed since that eventful period in Eng land ' s history . The men of Birminghamthe men of England—had discovered they had been made tools in the hands of the Whigs and their bourgeoisie . supporters , and defrauded of all share of the spoils ofthe dead carcass of Toryism ; and in order to obtain from Whig fear what justice and _•^• n ' _-itiidn should have immediately granted , they

      gad banded together from north to soutli-lrom John o _'Groat ' s to Land ' s End-in one vast . comb - nation , to ag itate for their political rights , and had embodied those rig hts in a document called the _SSs Charter . ' They had also elected forty-nine dele _gates to sit in London and enforce upon _ParlianS tbe adoption of these views . Itwas at th s vmcture that our hero arrived in Birmingham ; orturie befriended him in procuring immediate emolovment in a printing establishment _whosGi pro-Ector was a strong _advocate of Chart ist principles . C was a vast fiefd of speculation open to Arthur , i Ssionate lover of liberty , as embodied to him in SHrei ofthe poet-the musings ofthe p h . losonber -or the motley garb of tho historian ; he had Sever considered the details necessary to ensure and retain the presence of thc bright goddess . Bu had

      A Lesson Tor Artisans.—I Am A Married Ma...

      . _£ ? 2 ? be n- a dream y worsl"P o _^ red at the shrine of a . Deity enveloped in dim but glorious shadow , whose outline was too vast for contemplation , and whose , features ever appeared to vary with the varying imagination . A stud y of the princi ples ot _thartism gave form , proportion , and colour to tne shadow ofhis imagination , and arrayed it in the garb of right , reason , and justice . A close and enthusiastic study of tho subject soon made him perceive that a love for liberty in name onlv , without a careful application of its princi p les , was vain and delusive . Stern truth is tliere in the words of Al gernon Sydney , " Britons have died in defence of Liberty without knowing what Libert y wis " Precious blood ! lavishlbut uselessl shedThov

      y , y , . chased a goddess , but embraced a fiend . Heart and soul did Arthur Morton enter into the hi gh wrought feelings which then characterised political n < -itation Young , and enthusiastic , having no other ties to distract his imagination , he mentally vowed to dedicate every energy of liis mind and bod y to the furtherance ot these , to him , novel yet glorious principles . The dreams of his youth we ' re awakening into realities ; the seeds of ambition were _springing fortli in the genial soil into which thev had been thrown - who shall say , whether to be blighted by evil passions , crushed by despotic rule , or ripen to wholesome fruition ? Hannv vouth ! tho _™ riic _« f

      the past wore forgotten , or remembered only with pleasure , as obstacles surmounted . The void m his bosom was occupied . His yearning for the _& B « j ? _^ u _.- ? _§ ratified - " Chartism , tho foul fiend of mischief and anarch y , " was the pure divinity ofhis soul , and all that tended to increase her worship was hol y in his imagination . _Bright anil pleasing vision ! too soon wilt thou awake and discover that "her altar is bedewed with tears of blood ; that her worshi ppers are the contemned of the world , —the discontented and wretched outcasts Of society ; that to avow yourself a Chartist is to court persecution , transportation and death !" ( To be continued . )

      The Darley Main Colliery Explosion. Hepo...

      THE DARLEY MAIN COLLIERY EXPLOSION . _HEPORT TO THE SECRETARY 0 _F STATE . The official report of Mr . Seymour Tremenheere , Inspector of Mines , to the Secretary o _'f State , on the exp losion in the Darley Main Colliery , near Barnsley , on the 24 th of January last , has been published . Our readers are aware that Mr . Tremenheere _' s office does not , properly , authorise him to take cognisance of such events—that his powers are derived , in ordinary cases , from the statute commonly called " Lord Ashley ' s Act , " passed in 1 S 42 , 5 & 0 Vic , c . 99 , prohibiting tho emp loyment of women and girls in mines ; and that his official duties , in fact , only include the carrying of tho provisions ofthat act into effect , and reporting annuall y to the Secretary of State on the condition of the mining population . Since the passing of that act .

      however , the subject of explosions in collieries has been gradually forcing itself upon public attention . And the practical question raised b y the present report is—Whether it is not expedient to appoint an Inspector of Mines , particularly with reference to collieries , who shall be expressly authorised to examine and report upon their , condition with reference to ventilation and other particulars , neglect of which has been repeatedly proved to be the cause of such dreadful adcidents as that now particularly adverted to . * Bythe Davloy Main explosion sevent y five lives were lost ; and Mr . _Warrington . Smyth ( mining eng ineer to the Geolog ical Survey ) was deputed by the government to act with Mr . Tremenheere in the investigation of its causes . An explosion had

      occurred m the same colliery in February , 1847 , by which six lives were lost . And on thc 5 th of March , 1847 , at the Ardsley Main Colliery , about two miles off , seventy-three persons were killed by a similar explosion ; making one hundred and fifty-four deaths from the same cause , and in tlie same nei g hbourhood , within two years . Not that tho Barnsley colliers liave a monopoly of such accidents—for in January , 1846 , upwards of forty persons were killed by an explosion in a colliery at Risen , neai \ Newport _, in Monmouthshire—in July , 1845 , forty persons were killed at tho Jarrow Colliery—and in September , 1844 , no loss than ninety-four persons were killed' at the _Has-vell Colliery . Professor Faraday and Mr . Lyell reported upon the Haswell affair ; Dr . L yon Playfair upon that at Jarrow ; and Sir II . De la BOche upon that at Itisca . AVe have also reports b y Sir II . De la BGche and Mr . W . Smyth on an explosion at Oldbury , in Staffordshire ,

      in December , 1846 , and another at Coppul , in Lancashire , in January , 1847 . And when we place these several reports in juxtaposition with that of Mr . Tremenheere , now published , and observe the remarkable agreement of all these gentlemen , on all these various examinations , as to the causeof the loss of life , we must admit that , adverse as we aro to the interference of the government in the affairs of individuals , we regard his proposition of the appointment of an " Inspector of Mines , " duly qualified and authorised to examine periodicall y , and point out the defects in the underground management of collieries , as ono well worthy of favourable consideration . AVe liave had ei g ht exp losions more or _ loss extensively destructive of life , and as many scientific reports upon their causes , within less than four years ; and it is now suggested that ) ve should modify our mode of dealing with such events by making examination before instead of after the occurrence of the mischief .

      The colliery viewers in the north have alread y , more than once , expressed a strong desire to have the collieries submitted to the periodical inspection of a government officer ; and this wish was reiterated by the witnesses on the present occasion , and embodied in the verdict of the jury . Mr . Tremenheero favours tho proposition—avowing his own want of practical ability to undertake such an office —but urging in corroboration of his opinion the practice in France and Bel g ium , which he had occasion to investigate last year , under instructions

      from Sir George Groy . Tho example is a good one . It involves no compulsory powers on the part of the inspector . Though the laws and regulations relating to mining inspection in those countries _'diite from the decrees ofthe National Assembly of 1791 , modified b y subsequent decrees of Napoleon , and although all mining property belongs virtually to the government , and no person can work a mine without its permission , so that thc method of working may be defined as by the proprietor , instances , of compulsion on the part of the government are rare . Mr . Tremenheere observes : —

      " I state in my report which was laid before parliament last year as follows : — ' The law has most carefully abstained from investing the inspectors with any direct authority . ' The nature of their interposition _'is best described by M . Regnaud , in his exposition of the motives for thc project of law presented to the legislature of France in April , 1 S 10 : — ' The corps of engineers of mines will diffuse everywhere its intelligence and counsels , without imposing directions , without exercising any constra i nt whatever upon the mode of managing the works . Thoy will enlighten the-proprietors and

      the administration ; they will examine and establish facts , but in no case will they g ive directions . ' Again , M . Regnaud states that the object of the administration will be ' to use the ascendancy of enli ghtenment , not the influence of authority ; to persuade ,, not to constrain . ' Other statements with pegard to the intention of the law are to the same oftect . And as respects its working , all authorities in both countries connected with tho subject , namely , the ministers of public works , the engineers or inspectors in chief , and the local inspectors in all the districts I visited , concurred that the law was carried out entirely in that spirit . "

      - This system , it will be observed , contrasts most favourably with any yet urged in the House of Commons . In June , 1847 , soon after thc presentation of a petition purporting to express the opinion of G 0 , 000 colliers , Messrs . Duncombe , Bernal , ami Aglionby broug ht iu a bill by which they proposed to empower an inspector to direct the owner of a colliery to alter his system of ventilation as the inspector ' might deem advisable , under a penalty of £ 100 for e eh act of disobedience . But this was too much for even the most ardent advocates of government interference who . happened to know anything of collieries . So the bill was withdrawn , and another broug ht in , with ah additional sponsor in the person " of Mr . Hume , which , had it passed , would have compelled the use of Davy lamns for a

      limited time , whether needed or not ; and would also have empowered ( and , in effect , required ) the Secretary ot State to order thc doing of certain things relating to the internal management of mines , neglect of which would have been a misdemeanor if damage did not ensue , and felony ifit did . This bill also was withdrawn ; and in the autumn following Sir G . Grey directed the inquiry into the French and Bel gian regulations _^ the results of which were laid before parliament last session . According to thc census of-1841 , the number of persons then employed in mines of all . descriptions iu Great Britain was 193 , 825 , of which in 118 , 283 were in coal , and 10 , 449 in iron mines . But as the miners of iron and coal easil y change occupations , and in 1841 the iron trade was much depressed and

      the coal trade in full activity , perhaps tho number in the latter rather exceeded the average . They might now , however , safel y be taken at 130 , 000 , ' and as representing a population of half a million . Mr . Tremenheere is of op inion "that a sufficient system of colliery inspection mi g ht be established at about one-third of the cost of factories , namely , for between £ 3 , 500 and £ 4 , 000 a year , or much less than it costs in Bel gium . " Wo presume this estimate applies to Great Britain . The larger sum , t ken-as the cost of partially ensuring tho safety of 130 , 000 men , woiild represent a payment of about 7 d , per head per . annum . . - .. . ¦ ¦ ¦¦ _¦ ¦¦ The continental svstems suggest that- this outlay might also be made " useful in promoting thc scientific instruction and examination ofthe managers of the collieries ; but this is a part of the subject our space will not permit us at present to eater upon .

      Vnttttiw.

      _Vnttttiw .

      Doctrine Of Passive Obkdiej*C!"V— The Do...

      Doctrine of Passive _Obkdiej * c _!" v— The doctrine of passive obedience is so repugnant to the genuine fceling 3 of human nature , that it can never be comp letel y acted on . A secret dread that popular vengeance will awake , and nature assert her ri ghts , imposes a restraint which the most determined despotism is not able to shake off . The rude reason of the multitude may bo perp lexed ; but the sentiments of the heart are not easily perverted . —Robert Hall .

      An Irish clergyman , having gone to visit the portraits of tlie Scottish kings in Holyrood House , observed one of the monarchs of a very youthful appearance , whilst his son was depicted with a long beard , and wore the traits of extreme old age . " Sancta Maria . '" exclaimed the good Hibernian , " is it possible that this gentleman was an old man when his father ivas born . " SroTS ox tiik Sun . —Tliere is at the present time in the centre ofthe sun s disc a collection of spots of such extent that the whole may be seen as one spot , without tlio aid of magnifying power , bv merel y protecting the eye by a dark glass . Witli ii good telescope the spots present a very curious appearance .

      SUXDAY IN SCOTLAND . If e ' er to Scotland I should go , I hope I never may Fall ill upon a Sunday from a doctor ' s far away ; For Sunday trains Scotch Pharisees forbid to run , and I , Ere on Monday the p h ysician came mi ght comfortably—die . —Punch . Suniiwi _) Thought of a Patriot . —Eighteen years since , I used to walk bythe New Exchange-gate , where stood an overgrown porter with his gown and staff , which gave him a semblance of authority . It was his business to regulate the coachmen before

      the entrance , and he would make nothing of lifting a coachman off his box , beating him , and then throwing him into his box again . I have several times looked up at this tall mastering fellow , and put the case : — " Suppose this conqueror should take mo up under his arm like a gizzard and run away w ith mc , am I his subject V' " No , '' thought I , "I am my own man , and not his ; and having thus invaded me , if I could not otherwise rescue myself from him , I would smite him under thc fifth rib . From that time I have had a clear idea ofa conquest . —Rev . Samuel Johnson . Remarks on the Pastoral Letter , 16 S 9 .

      Longevity in tui * Fens . —Three widow ladies ( sisters ) met together at Fiskerton , on AVednesday , the 2 nd instant , to celebrate the birth-day of the second sister , over a cup of their favourite beverage ; the united ages of thc venerable trio amounted tb 238 years . Tliere aro brother and two sisters of the same famil y , whose united ages make 205 years ; a total of 443 years for six individuals . —Lincolnshire Chronicle . The North-East Wind . —Thc north-caster was still blowing , parching the earth and chilling the very souls of men . Mr . Spread could not help thinking , as he buttoned hiniselfup to the throat , of Barker ' s perverse fancy for the rascalliest wind that blows . Boreas is .- _^ ruffian and a bully , but the north-east is a rascal . JEolushas not such a vicious

      ill-conditioned blast in his puffy bags . It withers like an evil eye—it blights like a parent ' s _curseunkinder than ingratitude—more biting than forgotten benefits . It comes with sickness on its wings , and rejoices thc doctor and the sexton . "When Charon hoists his sail , it is the north-oast that swells it , it purveys for famine , and caters for pestilence . From the savage realms of of the Czars it comes with a desolating sweep , laden with moans from the Siberian mines , and sounding like echoes ofthe knout ; but not a fragrant breath brings it from the rosaries of Persia , so destitute is it of grace and charity . While it reigns , no fire heats , no raiment comforts , no walls protect—cold without bracing—scorching

      without warmth . It deflowers the earth , and it wans the sky . The ghastliest of hues overspreads the face of things , and collapsing nature seems exp iring of the cholera . —The Bachelor of the Albany . _IIumaj * "M 41 . ADIKS . —John Abevnethv , the eminent surgeon , used to tell his scholars tliat all human maladies proceeded from two causes—stuffing and fretting . _Tuue Policy of Kings . — It is wisdom in him that sits at the helm of a settled state , to demean himself toward his subjects at all times so that upon any evil accident they may be ready to serve his occasion . Hc that is gracious only at the approach _of-a danger , will be in danger when ho expects delivci ' - ance . —Francis Quarlc ' s Enchiridion , 1048 .

      ¦ The Persians have a saying that "ten measures of talk were sent down upon the earth , and the women took nine . " ¦ The matrimonial blacksmith at Gretna Green , being asked why old women were so fond of matrimony , replied , " You know that old wood catches fire 'in an instant . " An omnibus conductor said to the driver " Full inside , Bob ! _AA-o have two Swans , one Shi p , one Bed Lion , two "White Horses , ono Telegraph , four Elephants , one Crown and Sceptre , and a George the Fourth . " Old customs arc not all extinct . The ' Western Times narrates of Tci gnmouth—May-day was kept up gaily ; the lasses who si gh for beauty were up with the sun to dip in the dew , according to tlio old

      verse : — The fair maid who , the first of May , Goes to the fields at break of day . " And washes in dew from the hawthorn tree , "Will ever after handsome be . There was scarcel y ono fair maid who did not try tho charm . Annual Parliaments . — As to parliaments , I adored tho wisdom of that Gothic institution wliich makes them _ANNUAL ; and was confident our liberty could never be placed upon a firm foundation , until that ancient law was restored among us . For , who sees not , that while such assemblies arc permitted to have a longer duration , there grows up a commerce of corruption between the minister and the deputies , wherein they both find their accounts , to the manifest danger of liberty ? which traffic would neither answer the desi gn nor expense , if parliaments met once a-year . —Dean Swift ' s Letters to Rope .

      One pf the bricks brought from thc rums of "Nlml'pud , besides the lottor inscribed on it , is marked with tho footsteps ofa weasel , which must have run over the brick before it had dried , so that the little animal nnd tho mighty Assyrian king have stamped a record of their existence on the same piece of clay . A ship to navigate tlie air has been invented at Boston , and the patentee declares that three days will suffice to . carry passengers thence to California . _Nati **{ al Advantages of a _Rurunnc . —In a wcllconstituted republic , nothing of soldering , praising , and pitying , can take p lace ; the representation being equal throughout the country , and complete in itself , however it may bo arranged into legislative

      and executive , they have all one and the same natural source . The parts are not foreigners to each other , like democracy , aristocracy , and monarchy . As there are no discordant distinctions , there is nothing to corrupt by compromise , nor confound by contrivance . Public measures appeal of themselves to the understanding of the nation , and , resting on their own merits , disown any flattering application to vanity . The continual whine of lamenting the burthen of taxes , however successfully it may be practised in mixed governments , is inconsistent with the sense and spirit ofa republic . If taxes are necessary , they of course arc advantageous ; but if they require an apology , thc apology itself implies an impeachment . AVIiy then is man thus imposed

      upon , or why docs lie impose upon himself 1—Paine ' x Rig hts of Man . Romantic Incident . —The Rev . Dr . Stonard , rector of Aldingham , near Ulvcrston , who died the other day , has left £ 30 , 000 , the reversionary ri ght to £ 1 , 000 a year more , with a valuable mansion and other property , to a youth named Scholic , whom he hired as a footboy seven or eig ht years ago , but whom hc subesquentl y promoted to the rank of friend and companion . An Irishman who was talking in rather ambiguous terms about the sudden death of his paternal relative , was asked if he had lived high ? . " Well , 1 can't say he did , " said Terence , "but he died high . " "AVhy , what do you mean ? " " Faith , I mean that , like the Ilabeus Corpus Act , he was suspended . -

      " My dear , don't say talc , say narrative , " said a modest lady to her little son , who was relating a very interesting " tale " he had just rend in the newspaper . AYhile thc little fellow was thinking of his mistake , the old house dog walked in , shaking his tail and looking quite familiarly attheboy , when he exclaimed , " Ma , make Sancho quit shaking his narrative . " A Female M . P . —AVe have just learned a most extraordinary fact , and one wliich , however amazing it may appear , is , wc arc assured , literall y true . A person was recently buried some few miles from Edinburg h under very singular circumstances . The death and attendant ceremonies were duly chronicled in our paper . -The individual had sat for some time as a member of Parliament for aa English buvh , and was well known as a highly respectable

      landed _gentleman . i \ ow , i ; would appear , . 111 consequence of certain disputes among _tlie . heirs ; at law , that the title of the party to the male- character is "doubted , and' that ' , notwithstanding the difficulties connected with thc _peculiar kind of intcrmeatf chosen by the deceased , the body is itobe _disuitev _*^ , in order to prove tho sex of the ( iefnnct M . l \ ' ' Wc are familiar with cases of females acting _^* sailors , navvies , and in other c * _$ plbyments , _\ y , _tHho case of a female member of parliament is , in _; common phrase , ¦ " . altogether unprecedented . - — _Edi n - burg h iA cty _^—[ AVhweforo should our contemporary affect a mystery as to the name ; inn , case which presents mystery " enough in its ' nature ? ' He ailudes to AVilliam Henry Miller , of Cvai _g-ntinny , lisq late M . P , for _>! ewciistlo _. undcr-L . vno , _£ ov our ' _-ivm part wo ncvor saw a man who l _^ d . 50 _lUtfc 1 }! _^ a woman , _—Momlog Post . ]

      Tuv Eue Tou Despaitt. Hollo Way's Pills. Nirnr* /-\Ts • Nm™** . 0

      _TUV _EUE TOU DESPAItt . HOLLO WAY'S PILLS . _nirnr * / - \ _ts nm _™** . 0

      Ad00314

      _nirnr * / - nm _™** . V _\?„ * r r CURE 0 F ASTHMA . m of _better from Mr . Benjamin Mackie . a rcspeeb . a _« _IL « ' . , da * , cd Creenagh , near Loughall , Ireland , oated September 11 th , 1818 . _curoTm _7 o ? _^ _^' -T 1 ,: i' ? ; celIent ms ¦»« - effectually toS ? _, _M ? Ll . " " . " ; -uchafflictci 1 me *» three year * _S-wfcir _^ •" , _*¦" _, I-V _** _oMIged _- to milk my room at _SW _™ _^ s , ltl ' _oc _« ted if I -vent to bed by _S- _« f _^ _-T ' / _- cs , d

      Ad00315

      CAUTION . Unprincipled persons , _tsilcin- _* _advantage of thc celebrity of "UK . LOCOCK ' S WAFERS , " attempt to foist upon the public various Pills and Mixtuiies under nearly similar mime' ' . The public is cautioned that " all such preparations are spurious and an imposition : the . only genuine . Medicine lias , besides the words " Die , Locock ' s Wafeks" on the Stamp , the Signature of tlie Proprietor ' s Sole Agents . Da Silva and Co ., on the Directions given with every l ' ux , without which none are Genuine . UNDEIt ROYAL _PATRONAGE .

      Ad00316

      • INSTANT EASE-LASTING CURE . l _' rice Is . per Packet . BRANDE'S ENAMEL , FOR FILLINGDECAYING TEETH , and liENDBKIJSG T 1 IK . M SOUND AND PAINLESS , busy from its unquestionable ex _cellence , obtained great popularity at home and abroad Its curative-agency is based _vspon a TUUK TU & OIIY of th * cause of 'Jooth-Aehe , and hence its great success . Uj most _btlwr remedies it is . sought to kill tie nerve , ani so stop the pain . But to destroy the nerv * is itself a very painful o-perntion ; and » fit « u lends to very _sadconsee-uences ,

      Knamel" Advertise, Kgainst^Ueh Im *. - -...

      Knamel" Advertise , _Kgainst _^ ueh im * . - - Jon :. - _\^ _iulSj _^ _aceoni _^ _-J _, _^' r ' _^ _i- ' _.- _^ _H _^ _, K _- _ngaomjOfFweij _- y _^ _eMrjjf w ' ltii . ; by _WtttliSfif'iAUsi ChambcrgJ - 1 y * I « fi _. iK { Hfe ; . _^ _riv _^ i _^^^ -j _^ j _!}^ , MumM . _Snainel" Advertise , nl _againstji-iicii im- : > on :. - _V'i * _lSfcacw « fc . _.. _* r . X . _^ _r'xm _^ MA % K _' _ngdomyptf-wen & v "** _V _* SvJ _f _^ by j _*» _tteoft-l » i ! j _? s _- _i-4 _^ 4 » . 3 _«*; _. _ubei _^ _ptij _^^^ _ts . r _* _?

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 26, 1849, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_26051849/page/3/