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Northern Star (1837-1852), 25th September 1847, Edition 3 of 3, Page 3, Thk Burjukg (-ovbrnuent'—The system of b...

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    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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      L«T_Uim _25,_M'!. J T J ¦ „. ;.;„ The,, ...

      L « _t _ uim _ 25 , _ _m' ! . J _T J ¦ „ . ; . ;„ THE ,, _-QR- _^ RRN ,. STAB . - 3 ______ m . _^ m _ l _*^^^^^^__ l _^~ m _~~~ _m _~~^ m _~~ m _~~ ' _^^^^~^^ mt _^^* Mmm * ' _~ ' - —— ' ¦ - —i _. _l-li , H ¦ - ¦—— ¦¦ , _ mmmMm __ mm ______^_________^^^^^^^ _^^^ ' _^ ' _^*^ mm _\ l \\\ mmmm _\\\\\\\ m _\\\\\\\\_\\\\\_ _\\\\\\\\^^ tm _^^

      P^^Pl^ ^~-^

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      F ^ . The Chieftain. P.Ftoea The Sin Of ...

      f _^ . THE CHIEFTAIN . _p . ftoea the Sin of many a tboagbtleu crowd ; _E _^ te men grow mad , as for tune m-ies them _rjrouu L from a world , where aU to wealth aspire , L * ma for gold their want * do cot _teqrure ; _« ftom the _panioai of this wicked age , _ftt _ete _erty coxcomb tMn * nhisu « lf a sage _. _' ( jjtnorliv'd , remote fremvulgareyes , _^ _ttaffledwiidom , to -naTke otherswise : gesolvM to labour for _thepeoplt ' s tight , jl e cause of Freedom was his sole delight ; « . felt aH wrongs , deploi _» d the cruel fete .

      lbs * made own vassals of the Church aad State , gg thought no nations ever _theald endure yet tamely bear tbe ills _ttemserres might care ; : Se saw ia naturVs _wniveml plan , fan was not made to be a " slave to man : So , no , ' uid he , these truths to me are clear , Ineric & -md poor to God _tJiketTO dear ; the crm-iru -nade o ' er xici aad V * o * * o » _* - &» % And Mammon ' s Church can never bo divine * The people ' * limbs _ahoald wear no gaffing chain , Aod State religion- arecall'dCbtist ' _* , ta vain ; No ram'd empires totter to decay , ful Freedom ' s sons to tyranny jive way . *" . " . . '

      He _ckss'd these roles , _defin'det _^ _sae-edftoa ght _indthooMuidswonder'datthelorelia _taeu-ht- ' Bxpert , aBke , tbe tongue or pen _towield , Heg-un * _dtbevaDqui-h ' cl , ashewontbefield , Ite heart _surreuderM . while he fotuht tbe foe j _& _dF-eedom 1 iinmph _^ d * ne _*& Sublime in all , and _eloqueat at will , ' He added nature to tbe artist ' s skill , Cnd te the poor , benevolent to aB , _Hewasafevo-rri _totopeattmdsrnaU . Such is the man , whose name makes Britain ring , Whom millions love , and friendly poets sins ; - _6 re * t is Ms worth , _itnssmrtsl be hU name , ' He _tofls for ; Freedom aud forgets bis fame ; _Beyaod ambition , in his modest sphere ,

      Be grows more humble , as hegrom more dear _. Content with Bttie and devoid of pride , fits wants . _are few , and easily supplied ; _FoawM by power , he defends his cause , aud smiles alike at censure or applause : Be steers his course , sure to obtain his ends , Forgets all wrongs and makes bis foes his friends , He knows the wise aU injuries receive , Aud make men better , wben they fools forgive ; The son of martyrs he can well endure The tyrants' lash , tbe people " * wrongs to cure ; Sold in the field , he , too , a captive fell , ind sanctified the prison and the cell ; Bat Freedom's sun capti \ it " ydefies , Andmurt through tcmriestsandthrengh clouds arise , Xsn cannot veil the bright and haUow'd ray That shine , through _bondsgt ? , to light up tbe day . 7 iin are the _eSorts of the human mind To fetter reason or to chain the wind ,

      The tomb must burst , the cannon ' s mouth must rear , Though thousands perish for what aU deplore-As _weB might kings the stars take down by force Or stop the torrent in Us rapid course As bind tne men , determm'd to be free , Or check the progress of Democracy . Go , seise tha eagle , wlngini through the sir _. And ask tbe bird , why it dare venture there ? KetirdfoHa mothers , in their homeward flight , Drink up the sea , aad turn the day to night , Bat , do not tempt , by fetters to controu " , The aspirations ofa noble soul _. It scorns your chains , and _w"H your terrors brave , Do what you wiB , it cannot be a slave , No , no , you cannot change the vast decree That n * ark"d this man for some great destiny— . Tbe great Apostle , on his work intent , Despises death , and laughs at punishment , His banner ' s floating , and his flag unfurled , Tte Western Moses shall redeem the world .

      Oa Scotland ' s heights to-day tbe bero stands , _Proclaiming Freedom , with uplifted hands ; Each vaBey echoes , and each mountain tings With aB tbe ridings tbat tbe Chieftain brings . AB they who hear forget the servile chain , And hope , long b * nidr _* d , lifts her head again ; Thousands on thousands crowd , a countless dan , To gaxe , with wonder , on tbis mighty man , And , standing round , onr modern sage to hear , _Xricce their joy , with many * heartfelt tear ; None can resist the great magician's art , So weB he speaks , so weHs he wins the heart , All bang witb wonder on Ms Dps , while some Forget the past , to think on days to come .

      ( _Tobeetmftmted . ) Hs-rxz _Gsacchub _, gentleman , Leadoa , Sept . SOth , 1847 .

      THE ITALIAN SUMMONS . Pp , up ! to the rescue , ye nations , aH , rally , Bear ye not on tiie breeze the accurst Hua ' srsveille , From Ferrara , where _Tasto , a prisoner long ,. Peuredforth in the dungeon tiie patriot's soagt Up ! men of Ravenna ! Dante ' s spirit Is near ; Up . ' Borne ! for Bfenzi draws forth sword and spear , Tke 3-utntmsheath for their country , their sword ; Then rise ! for tbe tocsin of freedom is heard-Come _, Yetttee ! awake from thy inglorious grave , Blind _Daodolo _calle from Byzantium ' s wave ; "Marina Fsliero stamps in the Place of St Mark , "ffUl ye euB sleep in slavery , abject and stark ?

      _Cbme _. NapIes ! _thegallMt , the _btautebus ,-be gsy ; HasaaieUo's brave spirit is with yon to-day ; Shall the fair land where nature ' s best works have been done , Be for ever the prey ef tie Austrian and Hun ? Come , Mantua ! the princely , come Turin ! the proud ; Come , Padua ! the learned , come Trieste ' s crowd ; Come an to the rescue , ' gainst ¥ etteraich ' s power , AUItalycallsye—sow , now _. isthehour ! Trnstyenotin princes ! tbeir words are butfraH ! They change with the compass ! they drive with the gale ! . . _- ¦ :. ¦ Trust but in yourselves ; if ye ever would be A land bothin deed , as in name tbe most free .

      Up ! Italians , raBy , 'tis liberty caUs , FromCape ' _SparfventotoABexma'swans ; From _Beggto , from _Parnjajfrom Lncca is heard , The voice ofa nation for combat prepared . Oh I think onyour enemfes * deeds ere ye met , Sever Poland ,- and Cracow , or Tarnow forget ; "Hie shrieks of the tot-raxed come over the gale ; _ThefrfeJe waiteupon ye , if like them jefail . Then success unto Pint , and to Italy ' s sons Bise , and drive o ' er the frontier the Austrian Hun ; And gladly , and proudly , we * n hail on onr shore , The day when Italia ' a a nation once aiore . AUU 9 _iPM-SEtt .

      ___.-*__ _ _ _ Mmmmt+Mm_**_ F≫**Rr_~_ " _--90re M'***' " "* ' ' " * "*

      ___ .- _*__ _ _ __ mmmmt + mm _**_ f _>** rr __~_ " _ _--90 re _m' _*** ' " " * ' ' " * " _*

      Ire Barnes's Enitud Lace Chemuetu Stoaae...

      ire Barnes ' s Enitud Lace ChemuetU StoaaeSer Recei pt Book . * L < mdon : Sunpkra and MarsnaU Giavesend : G . J . Baynes , Berlin Depot , 60 , \ Findmffl-t * _treefcG--ave $ ead . . . .. _; . This _Ju _^ eTrjliune ia _entirelyuiiiqaemita designs wlueh are of the most elegant and recherche desenp _fitm . Nothing can surpass the appearance ot uie Skieldand Crest 5 _^ -Aer , whicb . is one , ot tne three _contained in this Uttle sixpenny Tolnae . it bears tae * lesest rcseniblaneetoiaitiqne lace we nave _pt seen , tad we must congratulate Mrs Baynes on the _tact-and skill she _delays in catering for the public •"'"' , . '

      Tux •Boxnx. '-Tbis & The Title Of A Seri...

      Tux Boxnx . _' _-Tbis & the title of a series of eight plates , designed and etched by Mr _t-eorge C _« iietshank , 'In which the progress and _Ksott of _drurifceBnessare illustrated by the artist in his best Banner .. In thefirst place the wretched - hero ' of the tale induces Ira wife * just to take a drop •• the ttsnlt is _irnwarliafe , for in plate the second they ' pawn tbeir doffies to snpport tiie botfle . ' In P _|* te thethird an " execution is in the house , but they ' comfort then-selves ' wxt & tteiwtfle / _Theeotue onenees arenataral , or rather unMtaral--violenoe , brutality , habitual drunkenness , quarrels , and eventually murder ; The wife ia killed , and the husband _^ nsi 2 nedtoaltiiiaticasvlnia---in other ' words , the

      bottlehas"'done its work , ' and " allUmisery and despair . - _Asaworktrf art these plates are deserving of much praise ; there are a freedom' of style and a nigged'ngour , of _dejsipi which are _-valuable and itnpressive . As awaxhm- ; against intemperance in the thus in which ; nnfortunately , the ; vice is most prevalent , these prints , can scarcely fail of having tlie same effect as Uie celebrated series by Hogarth " _* - - _' «« . - ' ¦ ' - ¦ " _'" New _PesTian Sj _* ahm —Two new stamps , _repre-KoUcg postage stamps of lOd . and Is . each , are _bdeg prepared at _SoQetsetHeose . The Is . stamps a _^ readyfta-issne , _^ the _^ proof Of flie 10 d . onehas been approved of fay " the authorities . Both stamps -re of toe _o _^ _rei-aM c _^ goniu fo _^ _astheembossed - _heada'npon the envelopes now ., in Bse , but rather deeper than Eu _^' _** tamps . Tie _pro--feofliaMajesfy , _wMciismost _awtirately drawn , « od exquisitely engraTeo , Is deeply sunk in the die _. _reliefBoond

      and consequently it stands ont _inbold . the profile are the vmdai * Postage , One _&&»? _& *« _Postage , _Teiu * _iinrA'as'theease tn & J _¦*•*¦ , ¦ _£ _cslonr of the one shilling stamp isgreenf and it ib _io-• ended forthoseoftenpenceto use a brown- M * or eompositaon ... The stamps-are atriicf- on _^ sheets or _twenty each , for the _conven 1 ence f 'of : _pw ! iaf-eir- ' , and _» ell backed with auhesrre matter . These stampa » ffl be tamable for r _^ h ' and _^ fow _^ . _KKerB . They ue not to be confined to foreign , letter * , but _•^ y bemdiscriminately used for inland , ship , or _fe-^ i £ n postages , where tbe _demaad of the effice , either w transit or weight , reaches the amount repreented , - _Tuhoj Tusk op Askbo —Mr Granville nareoart , MJ _» ., and the Dowager Countess Waldegrave ( daughter of Mr Braham ) are to be married on the 3 d October . This will be the _hride-a _tliM appearaace at the altar .

      Tux •Boxnx. '-Tbis & The Title Of A Seri...

      LETTERS ON GRAMMAR . '" Sb . 5 ' _- "

      TO THE WORKING CLASSES . Mt sub _Faa-rns , Having consideredthe _pecnUariSeg ofthe _diffirent parts of speech , we now come to the changes which -akepkcein _Mmeoftnem . ' . . ' The article admits hat of . one change , which I have before noticed ; namely , wing Ati instead of _yf , before A , E , I , o , U , or the silent H . In all other respects it U _nchangeable : we say a man , a tcomdB , the person , flie people . . ..

      There are two sorts of names or hocks i those which we give to all things of the same kind , and those which are used only to some persons or things . For instance , if speaking of me yoa wonld call me _awoTRon , and this name appKes equally to every other female : bnt the name which belongs . parti * eplarly to _txysetfis Matilda , and though some other women are so called , yoa know that all are not ; so that this name Matilda is proper or peculiar to me , whereas woman is common to myself and all others . Noons , therefore , are divided on _' y into these two kinds , common and proper . , Cokuok Nouns are those that are the names of aU things of the same land : _sach axe city , river , house , tree , _ooi , ehn .

      Proper Nodns are names which belong only to some one , or more of a kind , and are used to show particular persons or places , All names of persons and places , therefore , are proper names ' : London , Thames , Buckingham Palace , Berne ' s Oak , in IPtnd * - tor Pari , are all proper noons , because they belong not to all persons or places , but only to certain ones . Whenever yon write a proper noun yon should begin it with a capital letter .

      All Nouns have three different kinds of change ; that is , there are three modes of altering or adding to them to express different things ; thus the Common noun , Man , which stands for one man , is changed into Men when we wish to express more , and this change expresses a difference in the number . The three changes express Number , Gender , and Case . Number is the difference between one and more than one . There are , therefore , two numbers , the singular , which speaks of ose , and tho plural , which means _txco or any greater n « m 5 cr , 'The . min , ' which is angular , makes us only think of one , but if we say , ' the men , ' we know at once that there are

      more . The plural of a nonn is formed , generally , by making some change ia the singular ; and te enable yoa to make these changes accurately in writing I wiQ give yoa a few very easy roles . 1 st . The most common way of forming a plural is , by adding « to the singular ; thus to express more than one book , yoa would write boots ; and so with spade , plough , coat , gown , and the greater part of the names of things .

      2 nd . Bnt there are some , words which would be sounded with very great difficulty , were we to make this change . Snch are all those which end is th , ch ( soft ) , ss , « , andx , to these we add es to form the plural . Thus we should write kits-et , _church-et , lox-tt . Bnt when the ch is sounded hard , ot ( like the letter * at tha end of the word , ) we add only s for the plural : as monarch , monarchs . 3 rd . Words which end in y , with any consonant before it , change y into ie * fox the plural * as city , cities . By is changed in the same manner ; as journey , joumies—valley , tallies : but when any of the other , vowels , namely , A , I , 0 , U , go before the y , yoa only ose < for the plural according to the first rule , as day _,-Jx .

      dth . Nouns ending in / orfe change those letters into net for the plural , - as leaf , Uaeet- _^ bufe haves . 5 th . AH metals and grains , and some other things , have no plural , as wheat , iron , pitch , pride 6 th . Some Nouns have no singular—as bellows , scissors , ricJier , ashes . ' 7 th . Some Nouns are the same in the singular and _theplural , asdeer , t 6 « p , which are used as either one or any greater number . Gender is the distinction of _sexa . .. There are three , namely , the masculine , the feminine , and the veu _' er . The masculine includes all male things _, the / emfnineall female things ; the nettfer all things without life .

      YoawQl find this . so easy fo remember , that I need say no mote of it ; but we have a custom of ' sometimes _ostfig the pronouns he and the , with regard to neuter things . Sailors , yoa know , always speak of their ship as she , and we say of the sun , ' he rises . ' AU I wish yoa to notice is , that if yoa speak of any thmg as masculine or feminine in one place , you must continue to do so as long as you speak of the object , and not call a thing die , in one place , and tf ' in another .

      The . third change of Nouns takes place with regard to Case ; but as I do not wish to write more ia one letter than yoa ean easily master in a week , 1 will now conclude with giving you some rhymes , which will serve to keep' in your mind the peculiar properties of the different parts of speech . First comes tbe little particle , _Gmmmsrlsns call an Aanctt , And then the mighty Nonn ! Great store of fandesit may bring , . . A Noun , it may be any '" lis ? , A person or a town . : < -

      Of AdnenviB we make great use , All qualities they can produce , And their degrees compare ! By tbem yon may express your mind , Say pood or bod , as you're inclined , Or unity , wise , or fair . \ WhenBouns repeated tiresome prove , That inconvenience to remove , - Another word well show , Se , tie . or it will do instead , . ' And _Oiuml & _xlwUlleai their aid , They ' re _Paoaooas coiled yoa know ,

      And now your best attention turn , The _diftwent kind of Vkebs to learn , . Called Actire , Passive , _JTeoter : To _tcoll i to sit , to * Ie < p to run , Or any thing that may be dons - ¦ - Petit , prese nt , or in future . - Don't let the next your _tbonghts disturb , It shows the _taaaaer of the ' Verb , And of ten ends inly ; To Adjectives it lends its aid , _ADViSBits name ; don ' t be afraid , . You'll l « irn it if ybu try . " V .

      The _FaEPesrriow serves to show , ; _., ; . . _Belstion between nordsyou know : _. It lt _^ or by , or near , ' . Ton between Houns or Pronouns place , Their meaning you distinctly trace , : And make the _sentence clear . ( _CbwcacTiun , Is a sor t of thing , . ' _. That , ( like a bit ofthread or string ) , Ties _seatences together ; .: Thus , George and Charles are very good , And wo wiU go _toFrunrose-wboo ' , -If Hie pleasant weather . ! -

      When pwple call oat _4 »! aad Oh ! -. ¦¦ I'd h-. Te * _njpupUsalw-ijB know , - ' TbeyueanlBTEV £ CTio-r ; And sow I . bope yonll learn this rhyme , " ' Or I shall think I waste my _' time , And that ' s a sad rtflectlon . Rhymeis _. asweaUkuow _. freqaeatlyrenwmbered when prose , is forgotten , and I think yon will find the . above lines useful for this purpose . If you do

      not like them yourselves , yonrchildren will ; and rely onit , an hour spent in explaining to tbem what yoa have yourselves learnt , would benefit tbem , delight yoa , please yonr wives , and vex no one bnt the government , whom you help to keep you poor , by paying snch heavy duties on spirits , rather than say We won ' t give you our money—well do without _yourKqoors . ' r am , yonr very sincere friend , ' M . M . P .

      ' ~^^ ^^ ^^^

      ' _~^^ _^^ _^^^

      Hffl-¥Rb8ent^St4tb^F^Reaf'brita1n: - , C...

      Hffl- ¥ RB 8 ENT _^ ST 4 TB _^ F _^ REAF'BRITA 1 N : - , CHAPTER I . . , Of the system Great Britain pursue * towards other

      nations . - Nations , like individuals , may be said to bid fair for peace and : tranquillity , when , with a sufficient strength to make . their ; _independents respected , they employ their industry and their means to provide for their wants and to add to their enjoyments , without injury or injustice towards any other people ; while nations , who erect political systems in opposition to the _interests and ib . violation of the rights of others , must be in a state of violence and war with the rest of the world .

      - Guarding these self-evident truths in mind , we have but to detail . the principles upon which the power and wealth- of , Great Britain are founded , and by v ? hichthey are now more ., than ever supported , to" be convinced , that the entire structure depends , not only upon making the interests of every other nation subservient to' her own aggrandisement , but that the precarious existence of her bloated power and wealth depends upon her being able to impede or to crush the manufactures and commercei of the other nations of Europe ; to the end , that the relative superiority she now possesses may not be reduced to an equality , or perhaps to an inferiority , to those nations whose natural and improvable advantages are equal or superior to her

      own . Some has given us ; an example of the extent to which dominion may be carried by exacting tribute from the nations she had vanquished , but it has been reserved for Great Britain to unite the passion for _doinihation with the insatiable spirit of mercantile exaction ; doubly excited , her progress in every quarter of tbe globe has been prodigious , while the instability of the distant and . widelyscattered conquests she has made , and the . vast revenue she draws from them , are in proportion to the expense and difficulty with which she defends them . .--

      An Island at one extremity of Europe , with a population of scarcely eleven millions , she bestrides the other three _quarters of the earth ; one foot on the vast continent of America , the other upon the Indies , she consigns Africa to eternal barbarism and slavery , that the produce of the Antilles may swell the list of her imports ; collecting annually in kind , by a mixt system of commerce , exaction , plunder , and tribute , to the amount of 174 millions from the produce ofthe different nations she has conquered , which she deals out to the nations of Europe atthe exorbitant rate of a monopoly price ; making those which are territorially free , but roaritimety enslaved , feel a part of the injustice she uses to those unfortunate countries over whose . liberties She exercises

      an uncontrolled dominion . . Lord Chatham first gave activity to tbis _^ spirit of mercantile conquest , ' attaching , ' as Helvetius observed , 'the wings of the eagle to the body of a _spano _*** . ' . If ever nation had claims on another for tender ness and good treatment ; America had on Great Britain . The same customs , the same language , the same rites , the same laws , and the same blood running through their veins , but the passions for domination and wealth was superior to them ail . From the moment American industry produced a surplus for commerce , the hand of monopoly seized on the whole ; every part of this surplus produce which

      could serve the manufactures of England , she rigidly restricted to her own ports ; while every other part that came in competition with her own produce sheas strictly ' excluded .,, But studious that the part she excluded should net find its way to the market of any nation capable of being a rival in manufactures , the Americans were interdicted the whole of the markets of Europe north of Cape _Finttterre , that is , the whole ofthe markets ofthe manaaeturing nations of Europe , and at the same time prohibited from purchasing any manufactures but those of Great Britain ; she monopolised one

      part , she excluded another . She deprived America ' of Europe and Europe of America . From oppression she marched on to oppression , and attempted : to tax America , at 3000 miles distance , by a parliament of Great Britain , where those Americans , who _. _breught with them the inheritance of freemen , who obey no law and pay . no tax that is not ordained by those they , depute , had not a single representative ; an . inheritance which every Briton claims as his birthright , bat whicii in the heart of another bis ' government brands ' with the name of rebellion . ¦ _" * •' ¦ ' ¦¦ .

      Deaf to the claims of justice , and that the justice which the child implores at the feet ofhis parent ; deaf to . the calls of nature and the ties of blood , mercenaries were hired ia Germany , the tomahawk was [ subsidised , and Britain , was drained , of her youth , to enslave and butcher their American brethren . " ' ' ¦ " ' "'''' ' ' . ''" . ' . '' Theissneteems with ins tructionfor Britain _. for America , and for all Europe : on the one hand Britain may learn , that neither fire nor sword , nor the mercenary , nor the savage , nor the scalp , can give stability to a

      system _ofconquestmrnntained against the interests of Europe ; and on the other , by observing , that the commerce shenow exercises ' with AmericafreeJ _. _'apon the principles ' of perfect equality , is' infinitely ' mbre lucrative ' - than' the commerce she formerly enforced , on _> America enslaved , she' may learn that the , _destructive and ruinous -wars she has made in support of this system , the blood > she has lavished , the treasures she has wasted , and the immense load of debt that how _weiglis her down , are all minus ' quantities in the politics ef true national greatness .

      ' America , instructed in the blessings of freedom , and in the evils . which grow out of enslaving others , cannot fail to hand down tbat liberty her valour has won , unimpaired to her latest posterity ; while Europe entire , from , comparing ; . the little she has gamed by _^ the'diseoyeiy of that ' magnificent cbntinent / _as long as it ' remained " enslaved under the system of Britain j with the immense benefits she derives 'from her'commerce now free , will learn to appreciate ' the loss ' she sustains , as long as the East and West Indies , these fairest portions of tbe earth , remain under mercantile chains . : -:. . .

      .,-But . experience is lost on Great Britain . Blind to _instn _^ ction , bUnd to the instability of distant and widely extended c onquests , Wind to ' the enormous expense , and'to the * imminent dangers' attendant on _Systems , founded 'in direct ' 1 opposition- ' to' the interest of the rest of the world , she has extended her system of mercantile conquest over Hindostan , where , in the . two provinces only of . Bengal and Babar , she . holds ,, in . an . -undivided : sovereignty , thirtyTtwbmillions of „ ciyiiisedpeopleI - .. , .....

      By this extension of conquest she has laid the nations of Europe un'der ' great ' and degrading " _centributionsin more , ways than one : ' not only the British government has assured to the joint stock company , "to whom aU'Iudia' _^ subject and-to the \ yestlndia proprietors , a monopoly price , from the , nations of Europe ; for ; all the _^ East-and -West _Indiaproduceihey , _re-export , but . by making these East and"West India commodities , subject , tp . a tax bbre-exporlatibn , the British' government exercises the right ' of taxation brer ali'Europe _;

      'Canithare escaped the ' observation of the nations of 'Europe ; in this age ofi ' enquiry , how baneful , how destructive this enhancement of price , in the produce rof the'East and West Indies , ' must prove to . their industry , and , what a vast diminution of ' their enjQyments ? ' Can Great Britain imagine that the natibris _^ bf Europe are . insensible to the loss theysastainbythisi monopoly , ' this exaction , this degradingiax ' arioni'by _. wnich a cobsiderable _portion ' of thelabdur " of their hands and the sweat 6 f their

      browsis made to exchange but for one half its real _vilae _/ , Or can they but feel indignant at finding that , taxed by the parliaaient ; . of England , they are paywjg tribute tojmaintain tbat navy < which shackles ttieir cpinmerce ? Yet _j humiliating _^ andoppressive as arejthese loses , ' to which ' the nations . of Europe are' etposed ' frdiff this _monb-Ml yV _^ _Mayi on _^ and _'degrading taiatidn t " _tiey' suffer a iniich . heavierldss frpmthe vast _diminutions the quantity of East and West India produce imported under this system , to what _^ wouldbe importedjif commerce was _frceA ' _-

      'All , political writers _^ agree ,- ftat . joihl stock _competes , * is _' the most . ruinous and wasteful mode . by which" nations Vancarry -on _icommerce ; , and _^ the _biuSrup % of all , upwards o f sixty , that have been _estabhshed in Europe , supports the . opinioni . UiaU were taken together , their waste and extravagance , their devastation _fflfd-plander , as well as the _extentpf _4 hejr power , - would > anisb , * _'in companson _- _with _thbse _6 _^ _tWi _3 _^ _tish company , that now lords it in India . .-.-: ¦ lit isvalso allowed _^ that the work done by ; slaves is infinitely ' mbre costly ( than the work' done by freemen .. While the nature of the monopoly to which the Antilles are subject , keeps the quantity

      Hffl-¥Rb8ent^St4tb^F^Reaf'brita1n: - , C...

      ¦ proefneed ftrbclow _the quantity _demanded'fo *'' the consumption of _Earppe , - _" wherebv the nations - of Europe are kept _cbnsiderably _^ _understocked wth the produce of the East and- West Indies ; all the *" ; !* _^ _w _* ravagance , . a-l the desolation and Vandahsm of a mercantile . _idespotism over an > immense population of , ! theimost fertUe . ! countriesin the world _. where the ; manufacturing art ; is the _oldest , and where it is carriedtothehighest _degreeiofperfectionever yet known ,,-ul , _tbeevils , of _a-stunted taaxm , ana the pestiferous _effeq _^ s of monopoly and slavery , fall on the nations oif Europe .,, j -. > ¦ t y ! _» If even this monopoly of all India ' s , produce , had _° « _?* _- _* ed to Great , Britain-and Ireland , it would still be a destructive monopoly forthe rest

      of Europe , inasmuch as it " would a exclude , j . ' the capital of all other _cbinmerctai nations from being employed in thisdistaritjrade ' _- ' a trade for . which the-whole capitar which Europe , could , spare from her agriculture , - manufactures , ' home , ; _, and near foreign trades , would'be'insufBdeht '; but as the price of India _produce- _'is-in- proportion to the extent of the capital , and of the competition which enters'into _the-trade ; ifthe loss would be so considerable , _eyeiij'if ithe monopoly was confined to Great Britain '' andIreland , how much more _conslderable must ; that loss be , when the monopoly la

      narrowed to a destructive joint-stock ' ' company , between whose capital and that of thewhble ofGreat Britain . and Ireland , there is _asmuchs difference , < as between the Waste and extravagance of ' a joint-stock company , and the thrift and good management of private adventurers . If we would estimate , this latter loss , we must figufeto out selves this mild and amiable people rescued from their present destructive oppressors , aud left to their ' customs , upon which their arts and their industry are founded ; we must figure to ourselves the commerce of India and China , to which

      the commerce of India is . indispensable , thrown open to tbe competition and capital of the nations , < of Europe ; we must figure to ourselves the Antilles , rescued from a culture by slaves , ' under the management of agents employed by proprietors residing iri Europe ; means so wasteful and costly , that without a monopoly it could never repay the expense ; and taking into our view , in what general use , the produce of the East and West Indies has grown all over Europe , we might form some idea bf the increased enjoyments , and the mutual incentives to industry that would accrue to Europe and India ; if the commerce of these countries were free , of aU which the system of Britain deprives . them . , .

      This anti-European , this anti-social system of monopoly and exclusion , by which Britain has aggrandised her commerce , is the same by which she strives to promote her manufactures , the same uniform disposition to exalt her own-by the depression of those of ail other nations ; upon the principle , that the production of raw materials does not afford snch considerable profits as _manufactures , by not admitting of the same extenaiv & _abrtdgerclent' oi labour , by an equally extensive division in the work , or the same extensive aid by the intervention of machinery .

      Upon this principle , all her laws , and every effort of monopoly , are directed towards drawing raw , materials from tlie rest of the world , and restricting the exportation of any part of her own , in any state : short of the complete manufacture ; forcing her ma- ; nmactures into every other market , and excluding : the manufactures of-every other nation that could : come in competition with hers * --it was apon this ; principle she sacrificed the whole of the _dedustry of :

      America and Ireland . As _kr . as sbe can _mndersell other nations by su- < perior skill , a more extensive division of labour , ! better machinery , more extensive capital , longer j credits , greater spirit of enterprise , any . superiority j in her system of _adraimsfcration , she would be a ! common benefactor to Europe , as far as she pur- chased , the rude produce of other nations that had not the capital nor the skill to work it , she ! would be tbe cultivator of these countries and the

      benefactor . Bat when ' she prevents the other countries of ; Europe from getting tbe materials for manufactures whieh the Indies _produce , except at a monopoly : price , when , instead of eneouraging the industry of Europe by , an exchange of the produce ot- India at a low price ,. _such as a general competition would furnish , for their materials and provisions , " she discourages that industry , bjr giving the _' _produce of India in exchange at a monopoly price , still farther enhanced by the degrading ,- insulting taxation , here she changes the generous character of benefactor for the ignoble name of oppressor . _, 1 : _,

      When she endeavours to , promote her manufactures on the principle of excluding those of all nations , and strives to make all nations take'hers ; when she tries to get from other nations those-raw materials which ; she keeps from them by the most barbarous and cruel laws *; when , on these , _anti- _; social principles , she , endeavours to be the sole manufacturer for all Europe , and that no part of Europe shall manufacture for her , she destroys these best : and surest bonds of peace that proceed-from a commerce ,, generally and reciprocally beneficial , and establishes oneof the most fruitfulgrpundsfor jealousy , enmity and war , among the nations which form the great family of Europe . .

      It is upbn ' . this narrow , shop-keeping policy , that England has formed all her amities ' and all her enmities ; the nations which trade with heron her terms , that is , the advantage on her side , she calls her friends ; those who disdain these unequal conditions ; conditions which a nation imposes on those sbe has vanquished , she calls her natural enemies . It is not the superiority and cheapness of her manufactures ; of which Europe has to complain , that would be to complain of the greatest possible blessing an industrious nation could procure for ., those that surround her ; but it is the anti-social system ; itis the'system which excludes ahd ' will suffer nb exclusion ; the system which ' exacts every thing and

      yields nothing of what . it exacts ; a narrow , selfish , irreciprocal principle , upon which she attempts'to support her superiority , and to perpetuate , the inferiority Of ail other nations ; a system which , if universally pursued , would destroy all commerce among nations .. It is of this that ' all Europe with justice complains ; it is this system which converts' : 'that which should be the surest bond of : mutual peace , amity , prosperity aiid happiness , into , . the most abundant and envenomed source of mutual loss , expense ; hatred ahd war f . _' : ' ' ' : "'¦"' ' [ \ The act . . of navigation forms another part of this system , and is in perfect conformity with the rest : of the structtire . By this law , the . trade to . what she calls her'colonies and plantations ( a term which now 1

      _embracesivast portionsof the earth ) and the whole coasting . trade of , Great Britain and Ireland , are restricted to vessels of which , the owners , masters ,. and three fourths of the mariners , are British subjects ,, onpairi offorfeUure _^' of ship and cargo _^ * A vanety _^ of the mbstcumbrbus articles , can be imported into Great Britain in British' _vessels'only , or invessels" -of which ; the ownersir masters and ' three fourths . of-the : crewsi _' are _^ ftheVeo _^ Imported . A ' ' variety _ of the ' most bulky ' articles cannot be imported even in British vessels / except from the country ¦; . where the good 8 have been pro- duced , Salt : ish , whales , finsand _ibones _^ oil and / blubber not caught by , British vessels and ' _eured . by . them _^ are subject to pay double aliens' duty , when imported into Great Britain . " '" ' " ' ' " . ! ' _'

      ; , 1 The object of this law is' to promote the' manufacture of British ships and sailors , 'hy ' excluditig the ships of all other * rations from any trade from ' which Great Britain can exclude them , ; and to promote the ' cariying ' _tradej . but . _like _. _aM anti-social . _attempts ,. _$ _, 'defeats _: its . ' own ' -en-i ; ' _tfes _' a c _^ fe . a . ' _swi _^ cJB ' ofJtV _^ commerce inthe attempt _tbaugmeht'her ' snipping ' and sailors , and on the absurd _^ _principlei'formerj / held , that the carrying _jtrade , which gives least _enc ouragement to national _industrj- ofi all _othei-s , _wae ; the ' _besii because it brought mbs _* ihoney into the cbrintry . : It ' is in perfect ' misbn with _' therestof _ttieJsystetn ; and was passed in "' the _saoie - " anti- - : _«( i _^ ' al , . , t _& f . _'Mi 09 n _,,.. _and-. lil ( : e _., aU .:. Che-. reat ,:. if siuni-i ; yeWa | y ' adopted ,. j . _wo--ld abolish the _intercourse of _^ aCons . _'' . '_ ' "' \[ . . ..: \ . _... . ; _- .

      _,.,., . ., _„ r - To complete this anti-sdcial , this war-system , ' in all its parts , 'has ' - ' Britain _' _usiiriied ' the dominibn ' _pf the seas . ' . This was : absolutely ' necessary to sdpport the principle , upon , twhich ,,, the ;; whole' fabric is founded ,. * .,, She * has _. reduced the . _, rights of the . ftcean , to ' a ; Code ; of h ' er'bwn _pw where ( party arid judge )) she confiscates the vessels

      Hffl-¥Rb8ent^St4tb^F^Reaf'brita1n: - , C...

      and _cirgoes bf the independent nations of Europe for traversing the sea , the commonage and high-way of the mercantile world . ;{ ; ¦ : ! _Thushas Britain formed a system for her , own [ aggrandisement , in direct opposition to the interests ; of every other nation : a system which-1 shall show by and by , costs her more than it is worth * is attended with infinite danger , and , on the mere principle of gain , is far from being as profitable to Great Britain , as a system founded on the obvious interests of the rest of the world ; while her system is one _iwhichevery liberal man , and . ' every liberal nation ' , must condemn , oh the plain principle , that if all other countries were to , adopt _. the like , all commeirce and intercourse' between nations must be destroyed . : ;' , ' . ; . !• ¦ . _'' -.. '' V ' , ; ,

      J* Joint Stock Company : Is One Where Ea...

      j * Joint stock company is one where each member subscribes ' a ' cer tain ' sum , and is bound ; for that sum only , sharing the profits and losses in proportion to tbe amount } of bis subscription . Not on * in fire hundred of the subscribers knows how the affairs of tbe company are conducted , and those few to whose hands tbey are committed , have tbe most powerful inducements to sacrinee the _general intereita te their own ' private views _.

      #. Tbe Exporter Of- A Sheep, I A'Lamhi O...

      _# . Tbe exporter of- a sheep , _i a'lamhi or a ram , for the first offence ; . forfeits all . his goods forever , suffers a year's inipfi'bnment , ' and then has his left handout off in a . mark et : town on a market day , to be thtre n ailed up ; for the _. secbnd offence to suffer death , Such are the means by which Britain [ ttvents the exportation of-ber own raw materials . ,, _, r ; f Tbe history of the Wars , alliances , _andenmitiesof Qreat Britain , fully prove , that tbis system of forced manufac tures generate * , war . The refusal of tbe French' government to permit British _vessdls to force British manufactures into France , is set forth at one of the grounds for this war . by _miaiiters in their manifesto and most adroitly employed to iuflune the minds of the _**»«* -- ?

      . ,"("'.¦- . — ¦ - ¦ |- ,!-.- ¦ ¦ < . • ...

      . _, _"("' . _¦ - . — ¦ - ¦ _| - , ! _-.- ¦ ¦ < . POPE PIUS THE NINTH . ' Ame & _tln _^ of ' catholic * of t " ne _Sardinian Chapel , Lincoln ' s . _Inn-Fields , and of others _sympathltiRg with them , to express their hearty indignation at tbe late iniquitous proceeding *' of the ' Austrian _goverament , ' was held on Monday " evening at the _Freemasonb' Hall , The ball was densely crowded , At seven _b'block , ¦' ' TheHev . J . _XiiiE took the chair , and briefly state " the objects of , the meeting . _J They had met , he * aid , for a double pnrpose . On the one band , to uphold tbe interests-of patriotism , virtue , and religion , and or the other , to bent down to tbe _dnst ' < injustice , tyranny , and sacrilege , ( Cheers . ) They were met there to cheer and encourage the heart of their , most holy father , Pius IX .,

      the _greatast and most illustrious of living men , and to declare that , as far as the ; ' _laws of the country would allow them , ' they were ready to defend biro , not only with fortunes , but , if necessary , with the last drop of their blbed . ' Ob , tbis was a ' _glbrious cause , calculated to inflame the coldest Imagination—a cause which had elicited the sympathy , not only of catholics , but of all right minded and honest men throughout ' the world . To catholics , tbe question to be decided was of the utmost importance , not only in a : political but a religious point of view . On the contest now going on in Italy depended the question whether th * y should be free or enslaved for centuries to come—whether the land of the brave ancient Romans was to continue a prey to a hateful foreign domination , or was to burst Us chains _asunder , aud _tist

      again , tbe glory of the nations , and tbe pride snd admiration of the world . ( Cheers . ) All the great _principles for which patriots in all ages bad fonght and bled were st stake in the struggle between Pope Pius IX . and tbe despot of Austria , Not only were political privileges but the interests of religion itself at stake . It was now to be decided whether the holy father was to be a puppet in the bands . of Austria , or was to be free and independent , to rule tbe Church of God according to bis own conscience and the welfare andhappinessof the Christian _world . For many years the government ' of Auktria bod exercised a most unjust influence over the head of Unchurch , for many years bad it interfered in the election of Pope , and bad bad the audacity to send messages to the College of Cardinals to influence mch elections . Ever since the time of Joseph II . the Austrian emperors had sought to lessen tbe powers of tbePepe is tbeir own dominions , and , unfortunately , they had too -veil succeeded , The Pope bad iiow in Austria only nominal

      -power , and tbe _btebops were held in letters as galling as in tbe dominions of tire sanguinary monster who sat enthroned in the icy capital of the north . They were _fesuud tu rally -round tbe holy father , because _Aurtrla threatened to invade tbe property of the church , and to attack tbe person of the holy father himself . Oh , if he were to touch him « nly with his finger , all Europe would The up as oue man end tear the monster in pieces . { Cbeers . ) But tbey had reason to hope tbat the preient state b ( things _would hot long-continue . They had ' _reasen to believe that Pins IX . had been sent by providence to chastise and seatbe the tyrants of the earth , to destroy the unnatural connexion wbicb for years bad sub . « _isteS between'tbe church and despotism . If then they were lovers of liberty , ' if tbey taerd patriotism and virtue in honour , if tbey detested tyranny and _oppression , if they were faithful children ofthe holy see , they would on that-evening raise a-shout of _eaecration against tbe menster of Austria , which would make the tyrant tremble on bis very throne . '

      The Rev . B . Mem ( an Italian clergyman , but wbo epoke excellent Engll _. h ) moved in substance , that as catholics they were bound to . the . holy . see and tothe head of the church ) and thatthoy begged to * express before the world tbeir _unqualified allegiance to Pope Pius IX ., whose worthily fills St Peter ' s chair . The object of the _present meeting was very interesting to him ( Mr Melia ) . Pins tbe Ninth was tbe first man of tbe age , not only as being ~ tbe supreme earthly ruler of Cbrtsti _anity , but » b being the most liberal sovereign , tbe most < progre « _slete' man of the present times , They bad beard many things of Pope Plus , bnt he ( Hr Melia ) knew much more . They knew bim generally , - and by reputation , bu : bs knew tho "holy father personally ; ( Hear . )

      _Thfjknew bim bat a short time ; he bad known hire for twenty years . During all that time bad Pius the Ninth been , employed for tbe good of religion , for the _business bf tbe church , and the welfare of mankind . Already many reforms had been effected by the Pope . He had established a . ' coun ' ett ; . ' of ministers , he bad revlBea the penal code , henad issued a commission for the direction of the treasury , _behad appointed deputies for the pre vinces , and he had conceded municipal government ; lastly , be bad promoted the construction of railways in the papal dominions ; . ( Cheers' ) After one or two further observations , " the reverend speaker concluded by imploring tbe meeting to send to Pius II . means successfully to combat the machinations of Austria , - Mr Lucas seconded the resolution :

      Mr _CmsHom _Akstzt , M . P ., _mbred that Pope Pins tbe Ninth' deserves their unbounded ' respect and admiration as a ' wise tenipbral _rulerandafirmassertorot Mtlonai liberty and independence . ' . ; Slr _^ Anstey argued that in this struggle catholics should rely on themselves , and repudiate the intervention of tbe great—what be called tbe robber princes of Europe . lord Palmerston was not to be trusted , as his objects were not to serve tbe Pope _. but to subserve the Whig policy in Ireland . Neither did ; he wish to call in the aid of Sir . C . Napier and his fleet , seeing tbat that officer , although brave , was not moral , ' and bad ' once commanded a piratical squadron on the coast of Portugal . He ( Mr Anstey ) had nowishtoseetheholy . fatherpiotocoliBed . ( Hear . ) li they only aided thePope to carry on the struggle himself , ho , would establish civil and religious liberty , not only in central Italy / but oyer the whole of Italy , and in tbe domains of Austria herself . , > The Bev _.-TV . _Ktptx seconded tbe resolution .

      After a few words from Mr Northouse . in support of _tberesblution ,.: } -y \ _-y ~ _y- ;\ . ••' . _¦ ' _, •• : ;• Mr L . _^ BDOKiNOHia raoved , and the Itev . W . _Bisos seconded , a resolution protesting against the occupation of Ferrara by the Austrian troops . All the _resolutions were carried unanimously , .. l ¦ !'• . . ' A _colIeotionbaTing been , made , thanks were voted to the chairman , and the meeting separated .

      Thk Burjukg (-Ovbrnuent'—The System Of B...

      Thk _Burjukg ( -ovbrnuent '—The system of burking English news , and preventing its publication in the French papers is' most diligently performed nt the Foreign Office , under the inspection'and authority _, of tM . _iGuif » t'S _|«^ e / tfM cabinet . The'French translating lithographic establishment , in Rue Jeari Jacques Rousseau , submits its sheets daily to this _ifunotionary _. and if _^ there be any _striotures in the English papers on the French Government , the pen is ! immediately run through such matters' nnd all publicity thereby avoided . ' "Is it surprising to _ find , . when . such 'practices' aro tolerated , that the Paris journals are bo ill informed ' of : what takes place out _bfftheirowncountryi and especially in England ? . . _-.. _IMadiie . 'Deiubt . —The ' examination into the

      case _agaiBBt ' Madlle . 'Deltwy lis- , being actively proceeded with . Several witnesses who were not examined by the _Chancellor arid -Examining Committee of the-Co ' _urt'of'Peers ' _i'liave _' appeared before the ' e ' xa' mining * , magi 8 trAle . ahd ; ; £ avetheir testimony ' ori ' WeilneBuay and Thursday . In a new intewegatory , lasting mote ' ' than five hours ,- MadHe ; Deluzy continued , it is said _. to protest her iriho ' cence with energy . By "permission of _'> the- superior authorities , a letter has just beenremitted to her , written by one of the y oung ladies ' whom 'she educated in England ; and _whojLhaving learned by -publie report the _situationof her _formergoverness , determined to give her a _' raark of attachment and sympathy ; * _-Madllei Delusy ' passed a _nnvi-. nf thn ni ' _irhtin . writ in _rr fl lririi * W"hlv . ' _^ h v . - _»« -a— tt—

      jw » w .. - — _.... _g ,. _~ . « o --r- » . " _^ ibut . Mu * NBO * i _SBNraS 6 _V- _^ iji , t _^ _. _wurf 8 . " 0 _^^ turday ' a ' cbmmunioation wasreccived ' _t bythe _. Goverp 6 r of Newgate , from Sir G . Grey , the Secretary 61 State _tfor the-Home-Department , announcing thai tier Majesty has been graciously pleased to com' muteihe sentence which had been recorded , ' thatoJ ; death , on Libutenant Alexonder Thompson Munro , to ! twelve months ' ' imprisonment in Her Majesty ' s _gaoli'of ' _- 'Newgate . : 'The v - _information ' was instantly mkdeby _MrCbpe , _thesgoveirnbr , 'tb Lieut ; Munro , who expressed his deepest gratitude for the clemency whioh had been accord _^ to him . _^ iAUhougb , _'in accordanoa with the _tules- and' _regulationsiofi the pri * _sohrLieut ' enant . _Munroiwas , after the sentence had of the

      _, been recorded _^ _reroored from that part ; prison l ini which untried - persons i are ' . placed , to 'the part . among those who have been tried . and convicted ; yet every thing that could _. add to the pemfert . of the unfortunate gentlenian ' has . been afforded ,,. he being plaeed ' : in a / oon _} - ' by _jhithself , and allowed books of various descriptions , aud he employs a great portion bfihisitime in readingand _^ writing , besides being : visited by the gbverhbr , the chaplain ,. and ? sheriffs , na _. wellas his friends ; in fact ,. Lieutenant Munro is as _comfortables the ' peculiar _circumstaiiccs ofhis case willpermit . ' ' : ' ,. ** ' ' ' ; Twelve'btihtlred . Chinese criminals are said ' to have been _beheaded'in'Oantendurihe the naatvear .

      , , V * _fe _WWti' -e ? of plums , apples , nnd other fruit _, have lately been _imperled into Hull by the _ateamers from Holland , Germany , and Belgium ; ; . ; A . young _^ _sH _' _-u _^' . _^ Uen _^ Twwo _^ i _' _wtt , on _jatprday last committed toi Lincoln gaol for mur * denng her child in the in 03 t brutal manner . , She _stabtedit witha ' pair _vftiolsaorsibutout its tongue , and fiuall ydrowiied it . '' A Turltish corvette of twenty guns , named the GenoaBahire , has arrived at Portsmouth . . . An' American astronomer ; named Bond , is of opinion that he _basseen _. ' at least ono » atoUite , ana perhaps two . ofthe newly discovered pta- * Wept *** , i

      Mm\Mm

      _MM \ mm

      Lota Mosibs At Thb Coubt Op Mtjmch.--Tfl...

      Lota Mosibs AT thb _Coubt OP MtJMCH .--Tfle _reiuaing . Queen has . conferred on the Countess de _Landsfeld ( Lola Monies ) , the insignia ofthe Order of Maria Theresa , a high'distiriction to which is attached -the'privilege ' .. of appearing constantly and vhen she pleases at Court . - According to theso journals , and as a consequence of this favour conferred , the Countess de Landsfeld will be presented at Court on tl e return of their Majesties to Munich . The _Mabshaw of FRAKCB .-rThe death of Marshal Oudinot reduces the numbei of surviving _marshals'to two out of the twenty-six created by Napoleon . These are Marshal Soulfc ,: Duke of _Dalmatia , promoted in 1804 ; and Marshal Marmont , Buke of Ra . gusa _^ _eominated in 1800 , and . suspended in 1830 for refusing to take the oath . The , twenty-four marshals

      dead are-Bernadotte , Prince of Pohte Corvo ( King of Sweden );' " Murafc , King of _NMesr Berthier . Prince of Neufchntel and Ifagram ; _Massena , ' lMRe of Rivoli , Prince of _Essling ; Ney , Prince of _Moskowa , Duke of Elehingeri ; _Lannes , Duke of Mentebello ; Morfcier , Duke of Trcviso ; Lefebvre , Duke of Dantzic ; Kellerman , Duke of Valmy ; _Jotirdan , Serrurier , Perignon , Brune , _Bessieres , "Duke of Istria ; _Davoust , Prince of Eckmiihl and of Aue *> stadt ; Aupereau , Duko of Castiglione ; Moncey . Duke 61 " _Conegliauo ; : 0 ' udinot , Duke of Reggio ; Maedonald _. ' _Duke of Tarentdm ; Victor , Duke of Belluno ; Suchet , Duko of Albufera ; Gbuvion St Cyr ; the Prince . _Poniatowsky , and ' Grouchy . The actual Marshals are MM . Soult , Duke of Dalmatia ( of the empire ); Count Molitor ( of the Restoration ) j Count Gerard , Count Sebastiani ; Bugeaud , of La Picohnerie , Duke of Isly ; Count Reille , and Viscount Dodcof _LaBrunerie .

      i Discovert of PtAiiRtju is France . —M . Guey _« mard has informed the General Council of the If ere , that he has discovered a vein of platinum in the metamorphic district of the valley of the Drac , which he hepesto work with advantage . Hitherto this precious metal , which combines with incomparable hardness the lustre of gold and silver , has on ly been met with inthe Ural Mountains , and . Us scarcity has alwaysrendered tbe price very exorbitant . ••''»• A Nbw ScAM > _AL---There has been a terrible rumour in our literary salons for the last few days of the approachin-2 publication of sundry accusations , to be corroborated by proofs and facts , of the unlawful sale of the national property by a certain exalted personase . Timber of the value of seventy-six thousand

      francs has been sold from tbe forests of the Crown ; and , worse tban all , has been sold to the English government for the use of tho navy . The exalted personage , when apprised of the publicity abont to be given tothe damning accusation , merely exclaimed in some surprise , ' Ah , bah ! where do they think the money for all the decorations and embellishments of Versatiles is to come from ? They cannot surely expect that we should pay for them from our own pockets . ' However , the publication will cause regret to all parties ; it will be the last kick given to that government which , according to the Democratic Padfique , will not be overthrown by a sudden commotion ! nor yet crumble to decay , but will most assuredly sink and be stifled in tbe filthy mire of its own corruption .

      A Limb of Aobs . _' - —During a late heavy storm a portion ofthe famed lime tree at Neastadt _, in Wurtcmburg , was blown down by the wind , which prevailed . This tree , which was ' planted more than 500 years ago , is 36 feet feet in cireumferehce at the base , and the twelve maiil branches of . thiB gigantic trunk were as thick as oak trees , being more than six feet in circumference . These twelve branches thickly covered with foliage , formed a circumference of 450 feet , and rested upon 115 props wbicb since the year 1554 were for the . most part set up by noblemen , bishops , and other _pcrsonsdfdistihction . The trunk of this once majestic tree , ' -is now standing a mournful wreck of its ancient beauty .

      Great Fibe . —The Rreaf iron-works of the park of MesBkirch , in the grand "fluey of Baden , belonging to the Prince de Furstenburg , have just been _destioyedbyfire _. The loss is estimated at several _milliocs of francs , only a portion of whioh is insured ! The destruction of the buildings alone is estimated at 150 , 000 florins ( 390 _, 000 f . ) . About nine hundred men were employed in the works , all of whom , with their families , are now without resources . Aurora Boreal is . —This phenomenon has been perceived at Paris , from half-past nine to a quarter past twelve . It spread a feeble light similar to that which precedes the rising of tbe full moon when the sky is obscured by vapours . Its principal light extended from N . _towarde the N . A ' . VV ., but it waa ex--eessively diffused . .

      Modbrs Merc * -. —The romance of Jeanie Deans ' has again been embodied in fact . Three female relations oi the Biirghead fishermen , implicated in the late food riots , travelled to Ardverikie with a view of petitioning her Majesty to commute the harsh , ¦ sentence of transportation and _imprisonment passed upon thera ; But in Earl Grey the simple fishwomen found no Duke of Argyle _, as they were , rather _unsentimentally told by his lordship to go home and _aeuda written petition by the poBt . i The Great Nassau Tushbl . —The great tunnel through the mountain on which stands the town of Weilburg , in- the Duchy of Nassau , formed for improving the bed of the Lahn , has just been terminated after five years' continuous labour . The waters ofthe Lahn were . to be let . into the tunnel on the 12 th , and 2 , 000 gas lamps were to be lighted , and always kept burning . The forma ! inauguration of the gigantic work is to take place on Oct .-15 .

      Tub Queen of Spain at Hume . — Isabella rises late , for she does not retire to rest until three or four o'olock in the morning .. She _supsiat two o'clock . Parties who are to have , audiencei _' with her Majesty are almost sure to bave to wait an hour or two beyond the time appointed ; _slie treats even her Ministers in . this way , and frequently they are gent away without having audience , and again recalled at one or two o ' clock in the morning . ; The Queen listens attentively to all her Ministers say , to her , but nothing moves or interests her so much as any act of kindness which they may proposeto her , or any rewards which they may suggest for virtuous or courageous conduct . On these occasions Isabella always grants more than isaBked . With all this kindness of

      disposition the young Queen , is quite fearless , her courage is beyond all proof . She drives two and four horses i in hand , is an intrepid horsewoman , and frequently ' challenges the best horsemen of her mite to do what ; she does , er to mount certain horses which she alone i can succeed in subduing . ¦ ¦ Her cousin , the Infanta i Donna Josephs , daughterbf Don Francisco de Paula ,, who frequently accompanied her in her rides , one day / said , to Wr , 'Your horses know that you are the e Queen , for they obey you in everything . ' Isabella a is very fond of music , and she does not confine herself If to listening to it . In all the concerts given at thee Palace she sings Spanish airs with the grace ef an n Andalusian . Dress is also one of her delights . During _g her infancy , when her health was ! delicate . lher mother , r .

      Queen Christina , would not allow her dressmaker too tighten her waist ; but Isabella in a whisper to herir used to say , ' Make it tight , make' it tight . ' The e active manner in which Queen Isabella spends her ir time has given her health aud strength . . Add to this : S a fine figure , the freshness of sixteen , and the em- _>• bonpoint of eighteen or twenty . ' When spoken to ' of if tho dangers which may threaten the kingdom , she ie laughs and replies—' Occupy yourselves , ge ' ntleineh , ' i , ' _withV-hecountry ; 'for ' my part , Ido not care either _jr about being Queen or governing . Other monarchs is have not wanted opportunities to live quietly and to to have some happy moments . Think of what you have re to do for Spain after m ' y reign is finished ; for I have 19 a presentiment that it will not be a long one . ' Span- n-

      _lardsi'howevef _. hope ' . "that . it will not be thus ; ,. Poob Law ADMiKisTRATioN .--Tho ' appointments its under tbe act passed _inJujy-last for the _adDliniStra- a " tion of the laws for the relief of tbe poor iri England iid not having as yet been ' officially announced , no day ay has ken named for its , bperation . It is , ' however , ir , expected Bhortly to be enforced . . The new _commis-issioners are to be styled , ' Commissioners for _Admi-iihistering the Laws for the Belief of the Poor in in England . ' Notice is' to be givenin the London Ga . a . zetu of the commission appointing them , and it is is provided by the third sectibnj 'That the notice of of ' the issue of every such commission shall be publishedied . in the London Gazette , and the commissioners _nrstrati aboointed under this aot shall enter on their oifieeiiee .,

      and all the'p » wers of _this'actrestedin _themshalhalll take effect on the day after : thefirst publication oi oil such notice in the London , Gazette . ' The act ( lOthOthi and llth Victoria , c lO _^ contatns thirty _sectionsjns ,, The first commissioner named is to be called _thUh" ! _prcsidentj and is to be the only commissioner tf t ([ whom . a . salaryjs to be paid ; he may sit in the _HouBousti of Commons , as also one of the secretaries . . Itis dei _dei blared by the 10 th _prpyisioh , ' That , on the day o _**" , on wbich _thecommwsioiiers , first appointed under thi thii act , shall enter on their office , all the powers and dol dui ties of the Poor . Law Commissioners , with respect tet tn the _ndminiBtratien or control of the _administratioUion oi ' _i relicf to the poor . throughout England ; aiid aid all other powers arid duties'h _ewjvested in them , shall bill b » _trahsfefred'to *" and vested ih the _cbmmissionersi " an , " an < shall be thenceforth exerbi 8 ed ! 'by : ; them _* aBd by tbr thi -ommisBioner ? appointed from titde to tithe in and b _> d b ) any hew commission or ) Ielt » rs patent under . the pro _proc _»!! in act ret

      visions of this act , and provisionstany r « latingto the administration of . relief for . _the-poer mr m England , or to thepowers ' or duties ofthe Poor Lav Lav Commissioner . _^ _shall be continued as if in the sail _saui several acts tho commissioners had been named rod im stead of the Poor Law 0 f » _iiniisBto _^ ral 9 _^ _nm-ra theless , to any amendments made by thif : ut , _eithaithe _* _ai to the _subknce ' or manner of exercising any eny eE _fhepowewof ' _thesa _^ at the same _timeall _pbv-ersnndauthorities vested bed b ) 1 . ! _, n „ Hn ? _hn Poor Law Commissioners appointeunte _; X Z first recited aot _X _4 and 5 William IVt W Z _? fi brany _aeltpassed for the amendment therthen _. _nrshall ceasei _^ and aH secretaries , _assistant-secrebcretn Sm " derb _, messengers , at . d officers appointed and ann pmn ' loved by the said Poor Law ,-Commissioners _lersu heSsiof their - office . _shall . _Maso to hold thej thel _: several offices and _employment .: _Jtospectowjire ( , are 11 be _apr-ointed to visit , workhouseB , and : attend mee meeE _ingsof _isuardians and other meelingsrelating ; te Ute UI non * _.

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 25, 1847, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_25091847/page/3/