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Northern Star (1837-1852), 25th April 1846, Edition 3 of 3, Page 1, STRIKES IN BIRMINGHAN, LEEDS, AND ABERDE...

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  • Departments (6)
    • TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAISD SOCIETY
    • Cmires' i$totemtnt&
    • TO TUE WORKING MEN OF TIIE STAB i'ORDSIIIRE POTTERIES.
    • IRELAND.
    • COlTH^Olfflttttt.
    • ior uie Kmioiiatioh.—Last Sunday, 290 German emigrants its arrived in the steamer, Attwood, from Rotterdam, in,
  • Text (17)
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      To The Members Of The Chartist Co-Operative Laisd Society

      TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE _LAISD _SOCIETY

      Mr Deah F™,--The Principal Poin «Pon Whi...

      Mr _Deah F ™ ,--The principal poin « pon _whichlconsideritmyduty to address you _Awweek _^ _"" _"" _iSSia jobber _emjobbing _concet _^ « _^ _Jgentlemail twothreefour

      r _^ mafransferof , , or acres ; CU _^ _ntXS me wordtaiathewm _gWe £ 30 , ! i 5 cr » pref _«« . _Itshouldbedistinctly understood , then , that I have no power , that the society has no power , and that the members selected by ballot liaTe no power , to enter into any such comproniis ? , and it is because the prefer ence belongs of right to the members who have paid up , that wekcep a register of sixty names for the two acre draft , although only seventeen could be located , of twentysix for the foiir acre draft , although only thirteen could be located , and of twelve for the three acre draft , although only five could be located .

      Now this course was adopted for the especial purpose of having a sufficiently large number to have an op tion iu case any of the successful candidates declined . Upon the other hand , when the occupant gets his lease and is located , no law would preserve any restrictive power in the hands of the officers to prevent the occupant from disposing of his interest ; nor can I see the utility , the justice or wisdom of such a restrictive power , if the society could possess itself of it ; in fact , it would be a coercive instead of a free life . For instance , suppose out of so large a number as one section of 6000 , a few should feel dissaiisficd , and they would be Yery few , or incapable of _managing , what would be more desirable than that such person should have the power of transfering hia j

      allotment to a person who would prove his fitness in part by his willingness to give a premium tor the possession . I will suppose another case . Suppose an I occupant to have a brother in Tery good business , business wliich lie would prefer to twenty or thirty acres of land , and to which he was to succeed after his brother's diath ; now if there was no power of transfer , that man would be placed in a false position , while , if our rules permitted him or anybody else to transfer before possession taken , lease had , and the larger portion of . the £ 15 capital expended , it might be made a mere jobbing concern . In no case should an occupant be permitted to let for an Increased rent , and what he _didjeceive should be always in the shape of money bonus .

      It is very necessary to be particular and explicit np n this head . Firstly , toprevent all chances of job bing , and , secondly , to prevent all chances of coercion or injustice . It must be a heavy blow and great discouragement to the discontented to find as muck as £ 50 offered for the preference of a four acre farm , and - £ 20 for a two acre farm . A great many persons are bow beginning to write Tery earnestly upon the subject of small farms , and thecapability of the land , and by some magic or other which I cannot rightly understand , tbey are actually using my hacknied words as novelties , and my arguments as confirmatory of a great principle . I do declare that I have not

      seen one single argamest used hy these new disciples to agriculture tbat I hare not repeated . times out of number . I have heard no more upon the subject of squatters since I _^ dfepersed-that tribe of political economists , but now { a new [ tribe of philanthropists have sprung into . existence , . whose solicitude for ( he occupants is unbounded—they ask how a man is to pay his rent of £ 5 for a cottage and two acres of land and to live ? I am sot sorry for the creation of this new pigmy , and mark how easily I shall demolish it . In the months of _Ivoreniber , December , January , and Februarv , there are rather more than a hundred

      -working days , which cannot with profit be applied to agricultural purposes ; for , as I have before observed , it was intended that man , like the ant , should lay up a store in summer to live in idleness upon during the winter months . It is injurious to land to meddle with it during those four months , when , in fact , it should be put to bed , trenched up for the winter . I trill then suppose the occupant to belong to any trade , shoemaker , tailor , weaver , basket-maker , joiner , blacksmith , glazier , or any trade at which he can work at home on speculation , or work about homefor hire . . Now , it is not too much tosay , that men work

      ing in this fashion will earn as much as the agricultural serfs—that is , twelve shillings a week , that Is , two shillings a day , or £ 10 for the hundred days that could not be otherwise than injuriously employed in agricultural business . 2 fow £ 10 is the rent of a fonr-acre allotment , and double the rent of a twoacre allotment ; so that at that moderate wages , we find that the occupant of four acres could earn his whole rent , and have the produce to eat and wear , which twenty individuals could not possibly manage to do . An occupant of two acres would have earned £ 5 above his rent , and would have the whole produce of his two acres to eat and wear .

      My readers will take this explanation net as my view , bnt as an answer to tbe tribe of anti-rent anticipators . My view is , that no man with any acre ofground would ever , or need ever , work for an master but himself . I will suppose a man devoting his evenings during tliose four winter months to any fiddling work , assisted by his family , and he must make ui _*< re money than would pay those rents . See the several works that may be performed , and best performed , at home . A little work , entitled "Thc People , " by the author of "Priests , Women , and Families , "" has just made its appearance , and it speaks so home to the heart upon the pride that all men have ia possessing the smallest portion of ground , and in being their own masters , that I am _erased in _seleetine copious extracts from it to lay

      before you . It is a most valuable and a most interesting work . Its price i 3 only ls . 4 d ., and every Land ioca'Jty should subscribe and buy it , and read it or . L It is only 163 pages , and will amply pay for the perusal . Tiiere seems to exist some difference of opinion between the Manchester members as to the locality where purchases should be made . Some prefer being near the labour market , where the surplus labour ma ; be sold , while others , I am happy to say , express a dended . preference for being out of sight of the _1-rng chimneys . One of my original objects in wishing to see sections established in the

      neighbourhood of large towns , was the influence they may have _upon men compelled to work in thc slave market ; men who would be within easy walk of the free labour field , aud men with whom and wltose families the free labourers and their families might be profitably compared ; and I have no doubt that an operative , with a wife and five children , casually earning thirty si / tilings a week , would very speedily discover the inferiority of his condition when compared -with that of a man cultivating two acres , and paying the rent to the day . I will suppose such a thing possible as a man being backward with liis rent . 1 -will suppose it te occur even to the amount of 5 per

      cent , amongst the two-acre occupants , and I will suppose thc almost _impossibility of its occurring to that extent through sickness or casualties against which the sufferers could not provide . See the easy remedy . _One-and-threepence per quarter from each ofa hundred members , contributed to a casual fund , would make £ 25 a year , which would pay the rent for five per ceut . of defaulters . I am almost angry with myself for supposing not only an improbability but actually an impossibility ; and when I do write in this strain , 1 mean it rather as an answer to the crotchetinonc , ers _iA-an as indicative of my _ovnt apprehensions . 1 would wager my existence that out of 6 , 000 men "belonging to a section , ten would not be found to part with their shares , and one would uot be a defaulter

      in tne course of ten years . I never knew a man with a house small enough , and 1 never knew a man who lived a purely agricultural life with an amount of land _siiificienily smal _^ -not that you are going to nave small houses , you shall have good ones , comfortable ones , built of the best brick where stones are not to lie had , cemented with a thick coat of cement outside , slated , leaded and z _' ne gutters on the eaves to keep off the dripping , floors raised a foot above t' « e le _* _"el of the ground , and iron brick introduced wherever necessary to keep off the _dai p ; in fact , a house fit for a freeman and his family to live in , a house that a monarch may look upon with pride . 1 received a letter from a friend of mine , stating that he had visited fire acres of land near

      Mr Deah F™,--The Principal Poin «Pon Whi...

      _Ashbourn , for which the tenant pays £ 3 an acre . He is lame in the hip , and has a short leg ; his son helps him ; he received at a Yery low price for onions over £ 9 for the produce of an eighth of an acre , or at the rate of about £ 75 per acre . His land is up a great steep from his house , and his cow works two hours a day kindly drawing manure and other stuff up the hill , and gives the more milk for it . lie told my friend that he never yet met a man who understood

      the capability of one acre of ground . He is old and feeble , and my friend is , perhaps , without exception , the most real philanthropist , and , without comparison , the kindest hearted man in this world , with the most comprehensive but nnsopbisticated mind , and the interview ended with the engagement of the old man to undertake the management of 119 acres ofground , and he is now , thanks to my friend , comfortably housed and adequately provided for , for the remainder of his life .

      I am not at all opposed to the four acre system ; on the contrary , I like it , because the proprietors will constitute a good class of masters for a large number of agricultural labourers . About the 10 th of May we commence operations , and I shall be happy to receive an order as soon as there is sufficient stuff to feed them for a supply ofthe small black Gallowaycows from Dumfriesshire without horns—the _easipst fed , the most domestic , the most hardy , and the best milkers in the world , and I shall be most happy

      in proper season to see a cart to every one of their tails , or , when occasion requires , to see two of them in a light iron plough , trenching ground or harrowing it , or drawing a light roller . I will cheerfully go to Dumfries myself te select them . _Jfext week it is my intention to inspect a farm of over 400 acres , of which immediate possession may be had and in speaking of the purchase of land , I wish to have it distinctly understood , tbat there is no use in _eendin _? me advertisements of land to be sold in the

      possession of tenants WHOSE LEASE WILL EXPIRE IN 1 S _17--1 S-49 ; what we require is land of which we may hare immediate possession , and , curious to say , notwithstanding the anticipated difficulty of finding land to be sold , there is now in the market to be sold , within the next month , more than would fetch ten millions of money . I wish to have a general understanding with the members upon this subject . Suppose an estate in every other way suited to our purpose is offered for sale , is it absolutely necessary that we should forego the purchase , and confine ourselves within a manufacturing district ? if not , we shall very speedily be in a position to locate from ISO to 200 members .

      I now submit for your perusal a few letters that I have received with reference to transfers , and I cannot too earnestly urge npon those who hare been the first fortunate candidates the folly of accepting any offer , ever so flattering , when they should be in a situation to accept it . My convictions are so confirmed in the certain success of the project , that I would look upon the man who would relinquish his claim as an absolute fool . Sis , —I want to rent and get possession of a Small Farm system of from three to two acres . Having purchased Mr . O'Connor ' s " Small Farms , " and as it appears that there is a dispute at Manchester , perhaps that dispute , by my purchasing the party interest I may have this allotment , and if I cannot do this perhaps you will he good enaugh to say how I can get it , and how soon , and iu what way I am to act to do so .

      I wrote about a fortuight ago , but , strange to say , my application was not noticed although I purchase the Northern Star every week . Tours obediently , A constant purchaser aud a subscriber to the Land Association . I don't care if it is at Korwicb , Leeds , Glasgow , Aberdeen , Birmingham , Coventry , Oldham , Reading or anywhere in fact , so that I get the farm three or two acres . If I advertise in the Northern Star for the allotment do you think I should get one , of course , offering £ 10 to £ 20 for thc lease . _Limshouse , April 21 st .

      SB , —Being so circumstanced at the present time , that it would be to me a very great advantage to he able to go on tlie first allotment in the Land Association , I make the following offer to any person inclined to accept it : —I will gire twenty pounds and transfer my interest as a member of the Chartist Land Association in the 2 nd section for four acres , with the whole amount of the subscriptions paid up , to any one of those who hare got a four acre allotment ( and after the same rate for two or three acre allotment ) and may be so situate that it is not convenient for them to occupy it immediately . Being a practical agriculturist I feel confident that your Land scheme , when carried out , will be the greatest boon ever conferred on the working classes of this country , and wishing it all the success i t deserves , I remain , yours respectfully , To T . "Wheeler , Sec R . Q ,

      If any person should think proper to accept this offer a letter , pre-paid , addressed te R . Q ., to be left at Brunswick-liall , Hope _llakers _' -fields , Limehouse , near London , will be attended to . I should feel obliged if you could find a place for this in your paper . I hope I have said enough to spare applicants the trouble of making further proposals , and to convince all who shall gain prizes , ofthe absolute lolly of being tempted to sell their preference , because it should be understood distinctly that when the first location is established the operations will go on more speedily than any the most sanguine can imagine . I shall not announce my intention of inspecting lands to be

      sold until thc purchase is concluded , because I am aware that any apparent anxiety on my part to _purchase any particular estate might enhance its value in the estimation of the proprietor , and cause it to cost the society more money . I am delighted to know tbat preference is given to mortgaging rather than selling the several estates , because I feel as well assured as I am of my existence that in less than three years every occupant will be in a condition to purchase bis holding for ever . There are , even amongst the first section , some who would now purchase , and many who will expend a considerable amount upon adding to their own buildings , a

      circumstance whieh will considerably enhance ihe-value ol the society's property , while it will not abstract a farthing from the property of him who expends it . I cannot be too particular in keeping thc all-absorb _, ing value of th _« system before your eyes—THE VALUE OF CO-OPERATION , It consists in buying land in the wholesale market , discharged from the law of primogeniture , of settlement , and entail , and of leasing it in the retail market at the wholesale price ; iu establishing a wages standard in the free labour market below which those who remain in the artificial market need not work unless they are willing ; in constituting a very laige class of fustian-coated landlords , who will be their own masters , and good , tendcr _. _' considerate masters to those

      whom they employ . It consists in the fact , that if any one individual was anxious to take two , three , or four acres , with a good house , and £ 15 , £ 22 10 s ., or £ 30 capital to begin with , that there is no market in thc world save ours for the speculator to enter . It consists in the fact , that if one or two should be able to purchase or rent small allotments , that they cannot go to tke expense of having the proprietors title _investigated , and they may consequently buy or rent a " pig in a poke , " and after having expended their capital and labour the law m ; . y step in and tell them that they were fools to purchase from the _WROSU OWNER , aud tbat they must walk out for their folly , while by co-operation we are enabled to investigate the whole title for all .

      Agam , assuring you , my dear friends , that I anxiously pant for an opportunity of showing you a practical illustration ofthe value of our undertaking , and that I am determined not to recognise the meaning of the term IMPOSSIBILITY iu carrying it out , because every thing is possible where there is a sufficient amount of energy to overcome apparent obstacles , I remain Your ever [ faithful Aud affectionate Friend , _Feabgus O'Coxxok .

      Tu Tue Members Of Tiie Chartist Cooperat...

      TU TUE MEMBERS OF TIIE CHARTIST COOPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY . Friexos , —We this week present you with thc result of our first ballotting for allocation which we trust , will give universal satisfaction . There were eligible for the ballot , US 7 members : of which , 750 held one share , 580 two shares , and 157 two one share and a half . The proportion in which the _praes were classified was-fireof three acres , thirteen of four and

      acres , seventeen of two acres which with the land required for buildings , will absorb the whole of thc society ' s estate . We likewise give a last of names iu each class that are entitled by priority to allocation , in the event of anv _successfu members declining to accept their _chancei The ballotting took place on Monday and Tuesdav last , in the presence of a public meeting , held in the old Manor Court-room , Nicholas-croft , Manchester , r eargus 0 Connor , Esq ., in the chair , the Manchester Lomnuttee and the Directors conducting the busi

      ness . Feahous O'Connor . Pump M'Grath . Thomas Clark . _ClIRISTOmiER DOTLE . Thomas Martin Wmbkler , Secretary . The following is a correct list of the order in which the ballot was taken at Manchester . The number in the first column represents the ticket drawn ; in the second column , tlie number of certificate ; and the third , tho order iu which thc occupants are entitled to choice : —

      FOUJK _ACBES—13 Prizes . David Watson , Edinburgh ... 10 ... 10 C 7 10 G 8 ... 1 Thomas Smith , London ... IS ... 177 178 ... 2 Thomas Bond , Devizes ... 7 ... 17 43 ( 5 ... Joseph Openshaw , Manchester 3 ... 86 143 ... Barbara _Vaughan , Sunderland 1 ... 8 i 9 850 ... 5 Thomas Meyrick , Worcester 4 ... 1477 H 78 ... 6 Alfred Hague Crowther , Ashton 1 ) ... 249 506 ... 7 Martin Griffiths , Worcester ... 2 ... 2032 2033 ... 8 Thomas Smith , Wigan 8 ... 217 3 S 0 ... 9 James Taylor , _Manchester ... 5 ... 1085 1086 ... Joseph Mills , Ashton 11 ... 38 39 ... James Greenwood , Hebden

      Bridge 12 ... 1529 1530 ... James Cole . _Brailford 6 ... 127 320 ... 13 John Houghton , Derby ( ... ... ... 11 James Paris , London ... ... ... 15 William HaU , Carlisle ... ... ... 1 G William Clegg , Manchester „ , ... ... 17 Jeremiah Coghlan , London ... ... ... 18 Uenjam . n Fox , do . ... ... ... 19 George Clarkson , Nottingham ... ... ... 20 Henry Uather , _Brighten ... ... ... 21 John Sidaway , Rouen ... ... ... ... 22 William _Crossley . Burnley ... ... ... 23 Edward Scott , Pershore ... ... ... 24 — Plumb , Warwick ... ... ... ... 25 Thomas _Ilouseley , Manchester ... ... ... 2 U

      THREE ACRES-5 Prises . William Oddy , Bradford ... 2 ... 15 C 9 155 ... Isaac Jowett , do . ... 1 ... 2005 14 ... James Short , Bilston ... 4 ... 559 139 ... 3 Benjamin Knott , Halifax ... 5 ... 3036 1 C 3 ... 4 George Richardson , Westminster 3 ... 1746 119 ... Daniel Barnes , Manchester , ... ... ... 6 Thomas Leach , Macclesfield ... ... ... 7 William Somerton , Pershore ... ... ... 8 William Birch , Stoekport ... ... ... 9 James Edwards , Leeds ... ... ... 10 Thomas Heywood , Manchester ... ... ... 11 James Tattereali , Bacup ... ... ... 12

      TWO ACRES—17 Prizes . Philip Ford , Wootton-undor-E . ge 0 ... 772 ... Richard Ercso . i , Stockport 10 ... 1562 ... 2 William Mann , Northampton 2 ... 4 S 9 ... 3 Henry Smith , Keighley ... 7 ... 1774 ... John Neil , Heywood 14 ... 1915 ... 5 William Mitchell , Whittington and Cat C ... 70 ... 6 George Mansfield , Bradford , ( Wilts ) 8 ... 51 G ... George Ilearon , Leeds ... 12 ... 854 ... John Firth , Bradford 5 ... 2010 ... Ralph Korfoot , Rouen ... 15 ... 1 G ... John Wallwark , Ashton ... 13 ... 8 S 7 ... John Lambourne , Reading 4 ... 1260 ... Charles Brown , Halifax ... 17 ... 120 ... 13 George Ranisbottora , Ashton 16 ... 325 ...

      Michael Fitzsiraon , Manchester 11 ... 1377 ... John Westmoreland , London 1 ... 1563 ... William House , jun ., Pershore 3 ... 718 ... 17 Charles Tawes , Sew Radford ... ... ... Thomas Heaton , Wigan ... ... ... William Greenhow , Manchester ... ... ... 20 Richard Ormerod , Rouen ... ... ... 21 Charles Smith , Halifax ' 22 William Gilroy , South Shields ... ... ... 23 William Suthers , Burnley ... ... ... 24 William Cordingly , Bradford ... ... ... 25 Thomas Singleton , Preston ... ... ... 26 Robert Side , jun ., Lambeth ... ... ... 27 Richard Buckley , Manchester ... ... ... 28 John Draper , _Upton-cum-Severu ... ... William Banbury , Ashton ... ... ... 30 James Walton , Manchester ... ... ... Edward Whiteacre , Bolton ... ... ... 32 Joseph Royal ... ... ... ... 33 John Small , London ... ... ... ... 34 _Feabgos O'Connor , Chairman . _Troxas Martin _Wbielgu , Secretary .

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      Strikes In Birminghan, Leeds, And Aberde...

      STRIKES IN BIRMINGHAN , LEEDS , AND ABERDEEN . We find thc following notices of strikes in the country papers of which no notice has been sent to us by the trades thcm < clves : —Bricklayers Strike at Birmnghum . The strike among thc men employed in the building trade in this town still continues , and without . any prospect of a satisfactory settlement . Hie journeymen painters at Leeds have _stvuck for an advance oi wages . The men now require that 24 s . shall be the miuimum weekly wages . The Aberdeen carpenters and their employer ' s cannot a « rcc . Thi men having their union to support thenf , stand _u-i lor their demands—thc masters on the other hand , arc resolved to employ none who belong to the union .

      South Shiklus . —A general meeting of the working meii of this place was holden on Monday evening , to take into consideration the case of thc building trades in Manchester , Liverpool , and Birkenhead , Mr . John Breyson . Smith in tho chair . The chairman , after explaining thc nature of thc turn-out , introduced Mr . William Gilfillan , joiner , who , after reading some extracts from the Star , proposed tho following resolution : —" That this meeting dceplv sympathises with the men of Manchester , Liverpool , and Birkenhead , and express their indignation at the tyranny of their employers in refusing to emplov anv but such as are vnllins to throw aside their manhood and become their abject slaves . This meeting also agree to use their best exertions to obtain funds to _anpport them till such time as their tyrants arc Itmght to reason . " Mr . George Young , ' joiner , seconded tho resolution , whicli was unanimously car-

      Strikes In Birminghan, Leeds, And Aberde...

      ried . Mr . George _Ellat , joiner , proposed , and Mr . Mark BrOwn seconded , the following : — "That a committee be formed of one from each of the several shop ' s , _witlrpower to add to their numbers ; and that the amount collected be sent weekly to the Central committee . " A committee of twelve was then appointed .

      To Tue Working Men Of Tiie Stab I'Ordsiiire Potteries.

      TO TUE WORKING MEN OF TIIE STAB _i'ORDSIIIRE POTTERIES .

      Fbttow-Libooukhs ,—Tjaving Been Invited ...

      _FBttow-LiBoouKHs , —TJaving been invited amongst you to deliver a series of-lectures , explanatory of the nature and obj ects of the "National Trades' Association , with a view of forming branches of that highly important body in your several districts , permit me to take this medium of informing you of the result of my labours , and our general prospects of success .

      . HANLEY . On Monday afternoon I lectured in the " Christian Brethren ' s" room , at two o ' clock , to a highly respectable , intelligent , and attentive audience , the chair being ably filled by that long tried and sterling friend of the working potters , Mr . Mark Lancaster . I entered into the general merits of " Trades ' Unions . " and pointed out the causes of the failure of the working classes in effecting labours regeneration ou former occasions , by sectional or local unions ; I endeavoured to show the _gre-it advantages possessed by the "National Trades Association , " as _^ national body in resisting the attacks daily made by combined capital lipop'the rights of labour , and was pleased to find that ' my romarks gave general satisfaction . After alluding to several topics ofa local nature , aud showing the evils to which you were daily exposed by your disorganisation , Mr . Humphries , a most _intelligent young man , moved a resolution to the effect — "That the time had now arrived when national

      exertions should supersede local and sectional combinations to emancipate labour from tho thraldom and tyranny of capital , and that the working men of Hanley and Shclton agree to form themselves into a branch of the ' National Trades Union , ' to act in concert with other branches to be formed in these districts . " This resolution was seconded by Mr . Maitland , and carried unanimously . Mr . G . Mart then made a communication to the meeting , that the painters and gilders had already joined the associaeiation , which was received with great applause . After several questions had been asked and answered , a committe of thirteen ( with power to add to their number ) , comprising the most active and intelligent men in the district , was appointed , and the meeting separated highly gratified .

      TUNSTALL . At seven o'clock in the evening , I _at'dressed a meeting in the " Christian Brethren ' s" room , Tunstall . Mr , John Steele in the chair . Tlie meeting was not so numerous ns at Hanley , but the best spirit was manifested , and resolutions similar to thoso at Hanley were passed , and a committee appointed to carry them out .

      BURSLEM . On Tuesday nidit I addressed the men of Burslem in the spacious Temperance llall , * as Burslem was looked upon as the stronghold of the " emigration " party , opposition was expected ; but though some ol that party were present , and discussion solicited , there was not one of them had courage sufficient to dispute my positions . I entered at some length into the question of " surplus labour , " and showed the superior advantages already derived by adopting the principle of " _regulaiing" production by _shortenine the hours of labour , as compared with those assumed to be derivable from a system of emigration . At the conclusion of my address , the meeting pledged themselves to assist the committee I had already formed in Burslem to carry out the objects of the association .

      LONGTON LANE END . On Wednesday evening I lectured in the " Working Man ' s Hall , " Longton , to a numerous audience , the room , whicli is a spacious one , and a crcditto the working men , being well filled— "Daddy Richards " in the chair . I entered into the objects of the association , co-operation , land , labour , and machinery , and at the conclusion of my address , Mr . Booth asked if it was the intention of those joining the association to take steps to discharge the debt which the old Potters' Union had incurred with tho Sheffield trades ?

      Mr . Maitland , the secretary , said it was thc intention of the committee , who had invited Mr . West to the district , to impress upon the iuinil 3 of the potters the necessity of being just in their dealings with their fellow working men before they came before the country to demand and secure justice for themselves . Mv . Booth said , in that case he would join them ; but he had made up his mind to have nothing to do with any union that would not do it . ' utmost to honourably discharge the just and too long neglected claims of the Sheffield trades . After several other questions had been asked , an active and intelligent committee was appointed , to act in concert with thc other districts .

      STOKE . On Tlmrsday evening 1 . addressed thc men of Stoke in the " Christian Brethren ' s Room . " Thc meeting listened with great attention to my statements , and at the close resolutions similar to those passed at the other meetings , were adopted , and a well-appointed committee chosen . Such , ray friends , is a brief sketch of my labours amongst you . My success was most gratifying to myself , and cannot fail to be cheering toyou . There is a wide field before you for the exercise of your moral energies , with well grounded hopes of success The foundation-stone has been hid securely ; your committees have been formed of men of high mora ! character and long-tried standing , and in point ot _intelligence second to none I have met with in any part of the country ; and you enjoy local advantages

      possessed by few bodies of working men . In future , therefore , let union be your watchword , and " be just , and fear not" your motto , and ere long you will take your stand in the foremost ranks of that great national confederacy of the sons ot toil , who are destined to achieve labour ' s emancipation . 1 have to regret that your little ' * illuminator" has for a time ceased to reflect its refulgent beams amongst you , but let me hope that the day is not far distant when it will reappear with redoubled splendour . In conclusion , 1 have to tender my warmest acknowledgements for the kindness and hospitality that I experienced whilst amongst you , and to express a hope that ore long I may again visit you , to find your union strong in confidence , the terror of your enemies , and the stay and hope of every honest man . I remain , your friend and labourer , Macclesfield , April 20 th , 1846 . John West .

      [ We arc happy to see Jons >\ est again in tne field , battling for labour ' s emancipation . Of all men , Jons Wkst is " tlte man" to enlighten his order as to the rights of labour , and the means of procuring their enfranchisement . The silence of John Wbst is ( for his order ) a national calamity , and one that should not be permitted . It might be prevented if thc working _clashes would do justice to the able and talented men who belong to their ranks—nature ' s gentlemen . Of these , John Wkst is one of the noblest . The silent , hungry slavery of the loom is not for such a man . It is with tongue and pen he should he employed in labouring , notfor any grinding profitmonger , but for the . ' people , whose interests he is so well calculated to promote . Let tli « people look to it , and not miss the services of such a man . We shall be obliged to Mr . West for any communications he may favour us with . —En . N . S . ]

      Ireland.

      IRELAND .

      Food Riots In Carrick-On-Suiu. Cannick-O...

      FOOD RIOTS IN CARRICK-ON-SUIU . _CAnnicK-ON-Simt , Thursday . —Nothwithstandinu the subscriptions ofthe highly respected parish priest and several ofthe gentry , including 1 . L . Lalor , _fcsq ., Cregg-house , and the clergy of the town , the greatest disorder prevailed here yesterday , and the utmost consternation was experienced by all poisons in consequence of n tumultuous crowd going aoout attacking bakers' shops , anil committing

      depredations on Hour and on corn stores , & c . It is certain that there is great destitution here , and very little employment , whilst the markets are excessively high for . nil kinds of _provisions . Happily no very serious injury was inflicted , thoug h much evil was apprehended from the violence of the starving multitude . Ou in- ; to the persuasions of the clergy and some ol the influential inhabitants what might have been . serious in its results , has stimulated the increased _vigour ofthe more wealthy ot all classes and persuasions to set the people at work immediately , and » ive them food at a reasonable price .

      MOKK PROVISION V . IOTS . The Tipperary Free Press of last night announces the breaking oiit on Thursday evening of further riots at a place called Kilsheelan aud _1-ethard . The _account .-, which arc very brief , say" The boats coming " up from Waterford were attacked at Kilsliechiu on this dny by a numerous band of men , women , and children , and the miscellaneous goods with which they were laden carried of ! in all directions , Informations being received , the

      Food Riots In Carrick-On-Suiu. Cannick-O...

      military and police were immediately on thc spot : a considerable quantity of wheat belonging to Alessrs Hughes was recovered , and 13 pawns made prisonew . It was a most barefaced robbery , as the articles taken were in a raw state . The stipendary magistrate , Maior Shaw , had a narrow escape ; his horse having taken fright , jumped into the river with him and swam a considerable distance . " Fetiiabd , Thursday . —There was a rising here to-day , and Mr . Harvey ' s _storeattacked , from which three sacks of flour were taken ; the mob attacked Mrs . Wilson ' s store , but were repulsed . They were finally dispersed through the praiseworthy exertions of the parish priest , the Archdeacon Laffan , and quiet restored . " The _Drogheda Conservative severely censures that portion of the press which denies the existence of more than ordinary distress in the country , and

      asks—How can any man with Cs . or even Is . per week —and there are hundreds of labouring men working for 8 d . per day—get a sufficiency of food ? Potatoes in this town are 8 d . per stone—they arc now considered a luxury by the poor . Oatmeal is on the advauce , andthepurcuasingofafew stone would exhaust all his wages ; then there is rent , which is exacted weekly , with additional rigour , for the landlord dread 3 the famine prices as much as the poor labouring tenant . We are _glihly informed , that there never was more food in the countrv—more com in

      store ! It is of this that we complain—that in the midst of plenty , so much distress should exist in . th is unfortunate country . The staple food of the Irish ( potatoes ) has failed , and the low rate of wages paid the l _.-. bouring classes precludes them from obtoiiiin <» a sufficiency of bread or other food . Oatmeal , Indian corn , Ac ., are on the advance ; the prospect before thc poor is getting more gloomy , three long mon the must intervene before the new potatoe crop can come into the market ; and in the name of an all-wise Providence , are tho poor to be allowed to suffer all tho accumuiathg horrors of privation ?"

      In the ' mean time large supplies of" Indian corn and meal continue to arrive at the Irish ports . Tho Cork papers announce the arrival in that port on Friday ofthe American packet ship _Canu-lia , register 1 , 000 tons , with a cargo ( about 25 , 000 bushels ) of Indian corn , and 10 , 000 barrels of meal . Money alone is all that seems to be required to render perfect thc precautionary measures of Government to counteract the evils of scarcity .

      EMIORATIOS , The Waterford Chronicle of Monday gives returns of the number of passengers in the vessels which have left that ( tort for America ; by which it appears that 2 , lo 2 persons have already emigrated , and that several emigrant shi ps have not yet sailed . In addition to this , _Miree large vessels have sailed from Itoss , containing , it is supposed , betweon the three some 800 persons . _Dkstitutmn in * Ireland . —On Monday two papers were issued as Parliamentary documents ( having been presented to the Legislature by command ) _, showing the progress of destitution in Ireland in the week ending on the 14 th of March , and in the week ending the 4 th of April inst . The first document

      has reference to daily applications , and the second to the applications for relief made in the course of the week . Frightful pictures of want appear in the weekly paper . The correspondents from thc various baronies and parishes were , of course , excited in their communications ; . they felt that want and death surrounded them , and they looked to the mercy thoy sought to come through man , hence their application to Dublin Castle for timely succour ; their strong expression , and the generous warmth of feeling they manifested in their appeals . No doubt the applications have been considered , and provision supplied in the most urgent cases . It , would seem that subscriptions had commenced , that the p _' an mentioned bv Government had been acted upon , and that funds

      were in the course of collection . It is to be hoped that such subscriptions have increased , and that those persons who can depict the beauties of tho country will not forget the fact that human creatures are in a state of actual want . There is such a thing as giving and making the giver rich . The accounts in thc weekly paper were from Ulster and _Munster . Tiiere were four applications from Ulster . In one of the cases the complaint of s _.-arcity to the Scarcity Commission ( as it is termed ) was couched in the following expressions : — " That hundreds of families have not provision sufficient for one day , and many others have not provisions for one month : requests that Government will send a supply of Indian meal to the district . " In the province of Munster the details of the several cases extend to twelve pages . The first case Is thus set forth : — " Hundreds of people are at this moment reduced to absolute destitution from the want of food and employment ; famine

      and Us frightful consequences are already at their doors . Several subscriptions have been raised , but are inadequate to the _demands of distress . Calls upon the mercy of Government to interfere and send down additional engineers before the evil is beyond cure . Requests Government will give an order for a few tons of Indian meal to keop down market prices and save for seed the remnant of potatoes left . " There are not many instances given in the document ofthe progress of disease in . the potatoes . In the county of Wexford the rot was said to be making rapid progress . At A rran two justices , in their column n " cations , declared , that "three hundred and forty individuals were utterly destitute , incapable of lab mr ; they had not even fuel . " Thero are other accounts equally appalling . Perhaps some timely ssistance would prevent the famine pestilence from spreading to England . Dunn * , April 20 ,

      TUB PIIOVISIOH RIOTS . Further details of the riots at Kilsheelan , between the counties of Tipperary and Waterford , a brief account of whicli is given above furnished by a Clonmel paper ( the Constitution ) , whicli reached Dublin this morning . They are as follow : — " Every _precaution that could by possibility ho taken was adopted on Tuesday night by our magisirutes , Mr . ft * , ltiall , Mr . W . Kynn . Major Shaw , and Captain Smith , in _onk-rto prevent un attack on our town and its vicinity . At eight o ' _ulOL-k all thu special constables met at the Butter W _' _eig-hJiouso , where the roll was called over by Mr . IV . Until , anil thu oillerent watches told off for the night . The n _s lit passed away peaceably , but early on Wednesday morning word wns sent in , that a second attack was

      mndu on _Tuberaln-cn-i mills , close to the town . In a short time a party of tho 1 st Royals and 33 rd dopot , under the command of Major Galloway , accompanied by W * . llhill _, Major Shaw , and our official sub-inspector of police , Mr . _Foshtrry . So furious was the attack that one ofthe policeman was _ctMupelluil to lire , but wis learn without effect . Throughout the eiuim of Wedn sday thu tronp'in our garrison were under arms , and the guard was continued in _Duncan-. itreet , neur the _liaiili-i . The different flour carts were escorted imo town by stronj ; parties of police ; and though no actual outbreak was attempted in thetorcn , still the streets were thronged with idle persons , and the magisirutes were to be seen _consulting and passing to and i ' ro , as if . something violent was anticipated . However , the day passed off quietly , and at

      night the special constables again took charge of the town , under the superintendence of the local magistrates , but no violence was manifested . On Tliursdar morning , in consequence of information reeehed by the magistrate * they very prudently had cawstatioiiediu the barracks for the ' p ™ _" _* "' _ecnveyaiiceiiftlic troops in case of _nucessity ; and subsequent proceedings will show how very judicious and prudent their arrangements were . In a short time an express avrived iu town that an immense mob was plundering Hie boats at Kilsheelan , within four miles of this town , and forthwith a party of the 33 rd got on the cars and pr . ic-eded to the scene of outrage , together with i party of the 1 st Royal Dragoons , under command of M ; . jor Galloway . Mr . J . Bagwell , Mr . W . ltiall , Major Shaw , and sub-inspector Fosberry accompanied them and when within a short distance ofthe scene of plunder , word reached them that the robbery going on was most

      extensive . Mr . Fosberry nnd a mounted policoman immediately galloped on , and whes tbey reached the spot , the scene which met their view is more easily imagined than described . An immense multitude were plundering the boats ; a vast quantity of Indian corn , the property of Mr . Goto " , of Caher _, was destroyed or made off with , and a quantity of wheat , the property of Mr . T . Hughes , was alio stolen and destroyed . The military quickly came up and a regular _oiujagoment took place . Stones wore tlyin' in all directions , sovoral soldiers were struck ; Mr . Fosberry received a blow ofa stone in the leg , and it was not until some time had elapsed that this lawless rabble was subdued , and thiiteeen of them taken prisoners and brought into ouv gaol . Nothing could exceed the coolness of our mag istrates , officers , and soldiers during tliia rencontre , nii'lwc are happy to say that a portion of tlje wheat wns retaken .

      Since tho foregoing was in type , we have learned thut 100 pigs , ou their way from the fair of I ' etfard to Carrickou-Suir , were seized at _Thorney-bridge by the country people , and carried off towards the foot of _Slievnaman mountain . We have also been informed that a vast number of persons are still watching for the boats laden with provisions , in the neighbourhood of Kilsheelan , where the attack was made on Thursday . A letter from Garrick-on-Suir , of Friday ' s date says j—Yesterday there was a meeting of mag istrates , gentlemen , und merchants , held in the Temperance-hall of this place , when the demands of the people of getting ls . a day wages were yielded , nnd this morning 200 men wero Bet to work on the roads , under thc direction of Captain

      Food Riots In Carrick-On-Suiu. Cannick-O...

      Peebles , who has been in _lefatigablo in hw exertion * ta forward the intentions of the government and to direct the labour in _somu _useful channel , and accordi n gly , ho had selected the roads i ' ntlw vicinity of the town , which ire in a wretched state . Trillin , * as the increase ot wages is , still . I look on this concession as laying the foundation for other demands , which you may rely Ott will give rise to other outbreaks , which it will not be in the power of the small military force stationed here to repress . The intelligence from the west to-day is of a very unfavourable character . In the district of _Annaghdown , in the county of Galway , distress is represented to prevail to a most alarming extent . One account says : — The people ef the place have openly declared that if employment be not inlinediately given , they can no longer withstand the distress tliey are labouring under .

      A meeting of the gentry has been held , and a petition for relief forwarded to the Irish government . One of the resolutions adopted on the occasion thus describes the prospects of the poor as affected by the potatoe blight : — Our parish was remarkable for its great and abundant crop of potatoes . It was the storehouse of thc suminor supply to our _neighbouring towns and we may ssy county . But unhappily in our richest soil and best tilled crops the rot prevailed to the most awful , extent , which leaves the pauper , wlioin other year * wouldget provision * on credit , nowdeptmdenton a benign government , auda very limited benefaction _ofhis neighbours .

      MOKK EVICTIONS , The following appears in the At / done Sentinel : — We regret to inform the public , that on Saturday last Mr . Cromie , accompanied by the _sub-sheriff of the county ol'Uoscommon and a party of the 6 th regiment , at present stationed in this garrison , took pos » ession . under an habere , of some property belonging to Lord Ktimaine , at Drideswell , within four miles of- this town . .. We are surprised at this proceeding , taken _intha name of Iiord . KiU maine , as it is not in unison with his lordship ' s conduct i rliewhcro . There was no occasion for a muster of military , as the behaviour » f the people was . remarkably quiet and exemplary , Tho famil * of one of the _tenants-, dispossessed had held their farm for nearly a Conturv . .

      TIIK _aCARCItr . Jn the town of Sligo , at this very moment , the labouring men and their families are suffering want , in consequence of the dearn ' _ess of _provision * , and the lack ot employment . We ; announce this appalling fact with sorrow and ; anguish , ; _btit it , is , better a should be known at once . * '' ' _" ''' _""*** !" Some persons may suppose that we are exaggerating the real state of Sligo , because thev do not see men . drop down upon the flags with _hunger ; but let them make proper _inquiris . _s—let tl , em _suek " ii . _'Virni-ttion from those a He to give il , ami _tbt- v will li « d that our talc is but too true .- S igo Champion . There arc about 500 families without , food , or means of procuring it , in and about Atliione , on the Coiinaught side of it . —Galway Vindicator .

      RKPHAI , ASSOCIATION . Thc " rump" of the Repeal A _< soi _.-iatii » n met today at Conciliation llall . The •' stars" Wing just now shining in another sphei-o , the attendance was miserable in the extreme . A barrister ( Mr . Cangley ) was the chairman ; and the week s rem was declared to be £ 194 11 . 7 d . —a sum not lmlfsnlliriunt to pnv thc weekly sal _.-uies of the ' _. fficials and other c > ntingent expenses—but still not altogether _iliscouraaing when it is borne in mind tbat the great bulk ofthe contributors are at present in a state ot * actual s arvation and partial revolt , at least in the southern provinces—the quarter of all others the mast prompt hitherto to respond to the calls of tho Repeal treasury .

      DREADFUL ANJ ) FATAL ACCIDENT AT CASH EL . An accident of a truly painful anil fatal nature occurred here on Aionday _iii-Jit . The following are the brief particulars . It appears that about four hundred _peisons , who had been employed at temporary work by the Relief Committee of the town , had assembled in the evening at the Old Town llall in order to be paid , when one end of the room gave way and precipitated the unfortunate people into the room underneath . Th _» confusion was awful , and

      thc result is that two of the sufferers are since dead , forty more in hospital—the majority of whom are in a dangerous state—and about forty are confined to their own houses , all more or less injured . Several of the wretched creatures confined to the hospital cannot long survive . The unfortunate circumstance has caused the greatest sensation here . The Roman Catholic Clergy and Town Commissioners have been doing all they can to relieve the sufferers and their families . The town is quiet , although tlie distress is awful .

      /Yzt^Fisustj (7w^ } T

      / _yZt _^ _fisUstj ( 7 _w _^ t

      And National Trades' Journal.

      AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL .

      Vol. X . No. 441 London, Saturday, April...

      VOL . X . NO . 441 LONDON , SATURDAY , APRIL 25 , 1846 . _i-mcE _^^^ c _^ _-=============== _^ ============== _^ Vivv Sh """** ami Sixpence per _Quniier

      Colth^Olfflttttt.

      _COlTH _^ _Olfflttttt .

      To Till* Bditou Ov Tub Nohthern Star. Si...

      TO Till * BDITOU OV TUB NOHTHERN STAR . Sib , —As you seem to be the friend of the working man , Ihopo you will spare a corner of your paper for the following facts , which have occurred here of late : In the month of December last , the Union of House Carpen . ters and Joiners sent a _cirsular to the employers , here asking a rise of wages at the first of March , and wishing to meet with them to settle the amount of advance _. However , the employers took no notice of this circular , and when the first ef March came , the men made a demand of three thilliugs of advance a week , which was with ono exception , refused ; upou this , the men in two of the shops struck work until they could get the terms that they wanted . The rest of the men came forward

      anon the next pay night , and subscribed us much as paid the wages of those who had left their work . The emplovers , to thc number of sixteen ( in fact all the principal , with one exception ) , then resolved that they would keep no man in their employment who was a member of the union . Accordingly , on the following ; pay night , they put the question to their workmen . Are you a ' member of the union ? and upon being told that they were , they said we can employ you no longer than next week , unless yt » u drop this union . However , the most of the men left their work next day , thinking that as they never got any warning before , they couid not bo asked to work s week ' s warning at this time to their own detriment , The employers immediately came before tho public , and said

      that the men had all struck , wheu the plain fact was , they were paid off . Not content , however , with discharging the men from their own employment , several of them u « ed their influence , and in two or three cases successfully , to procure the dismissal of several individuals whohad got employment elsewhere , and this , too , in the face of tbeir published resolution , to use nothing but reasonable and fair means to effect their purpose . Now , these men who can and who bare thus used their fellow men whom Nature has placed in the scale of worldly means a little lower than themselves , are , most of them , great sticklers for free trade , and luvc subscribed to funds for obtaining it , but it is only free trade as far as they are the purchasers , that they seem to act upon .

      For six weeks the men hare gone idle rather than compromise their principles , and the masters seeming to think that downright oppression will not gain their point , they have had recourse to rnthor a low action to effect their purpose . They sent word to tho workmen ( at least one firm , Messrs , James Buyers and Co ., ) that if they would only chunge the name ofthe union to some other thing , fhey ( J . 1 ) . and Co . ) would take back their workmen . Thinking that they had honourable men to deal with , this was acceded to , and the men returned to their work last Thursday . On Thursday night , however , Messrs . Buyers came forward with a document , which tbey wished their men to si _^ 'ii , declaring that the subscribers were nut , ami never would be , _mi-mbevs of any combination , having fonts intentions tlie _pui'ito . _te . 1 ot ' a trades' union . The men finding thcmseluMi dupul _, _imtnediatelv left thoir work , and are in the same statu as

      before , with little or no signs ofa settlemuii iu j . _ivspccc for them . Thc masters have _uasd every _imatis Hum cajoling to threatening to overturn the rcso . ution of the men—especially ofthe weaker of them—to abandon their fellow workmen , but with no ell ' ect . I wonder ii they consider that in thus acting tliey are setting a premium on immorality , for the man who could desert his follow being in a strait , could be guilty of other things which society might think worse , but which , if looked at fair in the face , aro but a variation of the same trespass from the path of duty—namely , seltislmcss , and most of the employers who are acting in this manner are office > bearers in the church—Dissenters , too , some of them , , the greuter tbe pity . If they who should be examples j to others act in this maimer , buying a man ' s honour r for a paltry shilling or so , what can bo expected of those e who are suuposed to know less than they do ?

      As the press here refusu all communications except as _, s advertisements , which aro rather expensive , 1 hope you u will not refuse a corner of your valuable paper to inako io our case known . I am , sir , yours truly , An _OrEBATiVE Joi . nei ; . Aberdeen . April 18 th , 1846 .

      Ior Uie Kmioiiatioh.—Last Sunday, 290 German Emigrants Its Arrived In The Steamer, Attwood, From Rotterdam, In,

      ior uie Kmioiiatioh . —Last Sunday , 290 German emigrants its arrived in the steamer , Attwood , from Rotterdam , in ,

      Put-Pose Oi Cmuarking M Tne American Lin...

      put-pose oi cmuarKing m tne American liners * rs for New York . It is expected that 400 more will rill _iirrive this day . Tlie neighbourhood of thc St . St . Katharine ' s Ducks is crowded with strangers , wl : e »* l : e _»> paco the streets with long pipes in their mouths , and md smoking with the stolid gravity so peculiar to tha thai German race . _Sp _* n 8 tkrs . — Formerly , women were prohibiteditedl from marrying until they had spun a set of bed-furni-rni--hive ; and , till their wedding , were , eonsequeatlyvtly ,, called spinsters , which continues to this day in alh all ! legal proceedings .

      Tub Oldkst Inhabitant . —There is a personage W- inn every town and village in England , known by the thec name of the Oldest Inhabitant , who is famous _foriioirnoM recollecting things . He never _vcmeinbera _suclauclili whether , such a spring , such an autumn , -fee . ; _iieveneveui beheld such crops * , had no place ' within his memorynoryy for such a storm or a flood . And everybody is asis ass tonished accordingly . Whereas , the proper gioumounni of astonishment would be , that such an old age an © ano < memorv should go together ; for the truth is , tha , thaa being so old , he has lost his memory ; not to inentiomtiomi that perhaps he never had much to boast ot .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 25, 1846, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_25041846/page/1/