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Northern Star (1837-1852), 24th March 1849, Edition 3 of 3, Page 2

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      The Sh Of To Momentwhen Bands Of S N^Mnp...

      the sh of to S _n _^ _MnPTB _^ RNSTAE . _Mabch 24 , 1849

      Afzniqn Intelligence.

      _Afzniqn intelligence _.

      France. The Trial Of The Republican Chie...

      FRANCE . THE TRIAL OF THE _REPUBLICAN CHIEFS . LOWS BLAXC AND HIS CALt-M _^ -jATORS . to the EDrron of the _xr _^ _r-Sib , —In your paper of the 81 hofM ' jrch vou _^^ given an extract from the act of accusau > _^ . _^^ a _gainst me in France . As . aproscribedinau _^ esa mav _fifa from your impartiality , that I may _^ _injured " with a small space in order to reply i In t » act _rf _^^ tion , wliich is but a tissue of the blacker t _^ most impudent calumnies , _itispntdownUjat _, _3- _, . coraingt 0 _tije pretended deposition of M . MartoBgen , c _& e 15 th of _jjay a working-man assisted me to escape fr _Ulf , otej dc vale by taking me in his arms . Well , £ < - _^ _^ i d , j t _^ m be very difficult to believe in England- _^ country where fje idea of justice is understood- _^ s , tb at the deposition of this 31 . ilartougcn , affirmed and pwjuced by tlie _rrocurow-GeneraiR-attUChe , is a forged dear ment . I offer you tlis irrefragable proof of the fact : _—JL " _: iartougcn has just written to the journals ot _i'aris _teeiisi'awing letter : —

      . - _ "Cukes , —I shall be ohfced to too . to insert in your next _ntzzbtr that I protest _energeticalls against the deposition _= _Qsat has been attributed _< _jo me , against the cinieu Louis 21 ane ; for this assertion ' is completely false . "Ace ipt , A'c , „ - "Paris March 10 " . jlisrOTGEf _. _^ _en . Thus . Sir , vou hare _suppr _^ _ititioas _tes timonies « real _TOriuries wni ' ch the law wouid punish with the penalty oi _SSct _" Itisofsuchm _aterials that the act ofaccusation is composed of which , you have g iven an « _toct- _^ -an act that wiU remain in his' joiy as a monument of atrocious _iimomiov . As to those ft" _.-ocious words which this official libel attributes to me— " ifmore Wood is _wantUlg We Will find many victims , " it is an abominable invention to winch an educated man in tl _» ese days would not condescend to give any attention ; an- i oa this subject I win teU you , sir , that not onlv in all my works have I advocated the abolition

      of the punishment of death , but that it was through me that this question of . the abolition of the punishment of death was offered t _» the consideration of the Provisional Government on the . j _fitli of February , 1 S 48 ; the initiative taken anteriorly by 1 L de Lamartine having been . already negatived . I had _j _. nst read an article which asserted that our Republican go vernment would probably become * government by the executioner . Under feelings of ind _% nation 1 ran to the Council , and I said most energetically , to my _colleagues _tr at it was high time to put a stop fw eTer tosEchunbeco ; ning attacks , —that it was necessary to replv to them in a manner which could not easily be' effaced from the mem _> jry of man , and I took tip again the proposition of M . de ; Lamartine . The scene which followed-will for ever reina Jn in lively colours in my recollection . XL de lamartine rr m up to me , took my hands enthusiastically , and , with a Toice full of emotion , cried out , "Ah , vfms faites to une . -noble diose . '" The sentiment I _haS expressed

      was that of all m v colleagues , and it was with a passionate _; ov that we / voted ' lhe decree for the abolition of the punishment of _dr Ath , —a decree of which the arrangement and wording r S the second part was the work of M . de Lamartine , _apd . that of the first part was mine . I leave , you now to determine , sir , whether there is any probability that the cruel words which have been attributed to me so falsely could by possibility have escaped from my lips . Xow my enemies may , if they please , condemn me ; histoi _' y wfil judge their judgment . I remain , Sir , your obedient servant , 57 , _Piccaoflly , March 12 . Locis Blakc Bourges , Makch 16 . —The tribunes were again excessively crowded to-day .

      M . Detours , a representative , deposed to hearing Barbes say all distinctions must be put an end to , and the enure people formed into one vast family . The day previous to the invasion of the Chamber , when at the _residence of Louis- Blanc , a gentleman in witness ' s presence spoke of the demonstration of the following day , observing that a more serjous affair was in agitation than was perhaps generally imagined . Louis Blanc and- Barbes expressed their incredulity , adding that , if true , it must be prevented at any price . They both spoke of Blanqui as a despicable character . Witness afterwards felt surprised to hear that Barbes was implicated in the affair . Witness bad heard Blanqui deliver his _fpeeebflfrom the tribune of the Chamber . Blanqui repeate d , his previous denial of having had _anything , to do with the getting up of the manifestation of I 5 tb . May , to which he was decidedly opposed .

      Barbes declared that he too was opposed to the manifestation ; but that when informed that the National Assembly had been dissolved , and that _ennsequently there was no chamber , and , so to speak , no government , he had considered it his duty to go to the Hotel de Ville , where governments were usually constituted . He accepted all the , responsibility of what had there taken place . As the punishment of death had been abolished for political offences , he would prefer transportation to imprisonment .

      The next witness was M . Yauderberghe , adjutantmajor of the National Guard . of Beauvais . When on the place deBourgogne he Beard workmen declare that the National Assembly bad _beeit _dis . solved . Witness thereupon hastened back to his lodgings , and put on his uniform , when , hearing that the insurgents had proceeded to the Hotel de Ville , he took a cabriolet , and went taere to render assistance in restoring order . ' On ascending the great staircase , be met several individuals coming down , exclaiming ' Vive Barbes ! ' Witness , with several National Guards , entered a room where they found seven or eight individuals , who , when asked

      by what right they were there , replied , 'By that of the new government , which , has just been constituted . ' Barbes was arrested . Another of the party came and spoke , to witness : it was Albert . Witness said to him , Tour place is not hf re , be an ? vVitness was not at that time aware that he was an accomplice of Barbes . Albert afterwards told witness that he was equally guilty with Barbes , and would share bis fate . Albert was therefore arrested , and a third whose-name he did not know . Barbes pleaded his inviolability as a representative , but his claim to freedom from arrest was scouted , and he was secured .

      M . Huet , concierge , Rue di Rivoli , deposed that in the night of the 14 th of April a quantity of muskets and ammunition was brought to the house for Sobrier ; they came from the Prefecture of Police . About a we . k afterwards some of these arms were sent away . On the lath May a number of men left the house to attend the manifestation ; they went unarmed . There was no resistance offered to the National Guards when they took possession of the premises . On leaving the house , on the morning of the 15 th , some of the men told witness that Sobrier would not sleep there that night , as he meant to take up his quarters at the office of the Minister of the Interior .

      M . Royer , surgeon of the Garde Mobile , deposed that he had , in the early part of May , been at the agr icultural committee held at Sobrier _' s . After the bnsiness of the meeting had concluded , a number of fresh visitors arrived , and politics began to be discussed . The manifestation of 15 th May was talked of , and it was said that things would be unshed to extremities ; that the chamber would be dissolved ; they also said that _Caussidiere and Ledro-Rollin were in favour of the proceeding . A new

      government was talked of , but no names were mentioned . On the 15 th , witness was present when General Courtais , followed by his staff , came to meet the manifestation ; saw him stoop down and speak to several persons , but did not hear what he said . Witness perceived Sobrier at the head of the cortege . In reply to a question from the Procurenr-General witness said he had heard Sobrier declare that the persons who attended the manifestation were to go there unarmed that otherwise he would not attend . Witness had seen Sobrier in the chamber .

      M . Pesme , an auctioneer at Troyes , deposed that he was present as one of the delegates of the departments at a meeting held In the Salle Montesquieu , when some delegates from tbt Commune de Paris arrived to invite them to attend the manifestation in favour of Poland . The reply wag , that their mission to Paris being for a different purpose , they could not take part in it . Soon afterwards an individual entered , followed by five or six Montagnards : witness was told that it was Sobrier . Witness- recognised Sobrier [ as the man . He ( the prihen asked

      Boner ) , w what he wanted , replied that it was to induce the meeting in the Salle Montesquieu to take part in the manifestation , and that that meeting should march with bis _Montagnards . The meeting thereupon replied that they would have nothing to do with Sobrier or his Montagnards , and would not attend the manifestation . Sobrier then observed that he supposed they ( the meeting ) were hostile to his party , and would , if necessary , fire on them . Witness afterwards went to the Hotel de Ville . Saw Raspail in a cabriolet , near Notre Dame .

      M . Bandeau , a representative , deposed that on the invasion of the Assembly he saw Sobrier in the Chamber , and heard him declare that the day was at length come ' when the rich must pay for the Others . ' Shortly afterwards , witness saw Sobrier in a cafe , where , on hearing him assert that the Chamber had actually been dissolved , the witness exelaimed _, 'No , M . Sobrier , the Assembly is not dis . solved ; but it was you and your followers who invaded it , and I arrest yon , ' Witness then seized _VLJtimtow _* . attached to the Ministry of the 2 f * t _&^ f _£ y . peB 0 M _«^ _enl 7 burst into _Si 2 _?« of the Minister , and put J number of ? ° _t * ° _S * _f * _wMte one of the intruders _wasaskmg the Minister whether he would accept the office of Minuter of the Interior nnder the _neiv government , other individuals of the band laid bold of the office seals then laying on the table . Witne » knew none of the individuals who had thus

      France. The Trial Of The Republican Chie...

      forcibly intruded themselves . Witness did , BOt recognise Sobrier . , Colonel de Guvon , of the 2 nd _Drp _^ _ng _, after deposing to the orders given him t _^ hold his regiment in readiness to act , _proceeded to state that he was at the head of his _regent on the quay wnen Sobrier was brought _^ prisoner to the barracks . M . Bouvon , _Afcat d'Affaires , deposed thathe wa at the Chambar at the time of invasion . Haa never teen a member of any club . Had Been _ Raspa , lin read his petition

      _IheChlmber , and heard him . When Raspail was desirous of withdrawing , an individual told him he ought to remain ; on which Raspail replied , 'You are not then a true Republican . ' Heard Barbes demand from the Assembly a declaration of war in favour of Poland ,, and that an . impost of a milliard should be imposed on the rich . Witness further stated that he had received one of the orders issued by M . Bucbez . intimating that the rappel should not be beaten , and which he had carried to the l 6 t arondissement .

      M . Veyae , a medical man : He deposed to having made one in the manifestation as a member of the club J « is du Peuple , but had not entered the As sembly . Saw M . Raspail in a cabriolet after he b-ft tbe Assembly , and accompanied him to the house of his son . Knew neither Blanqui nor Barbes . Daring the progress of the procession from the _Bastile , Raspail marched at the head of his club _, the accused had always declared that his only object was to present the petition in favour of Poland . Had known Raspail for several years , and as witness was then aware that he ( Raspail ) was about to be arrested , would not leave him .

      M . Milhou , a representative , deposed that he had , on tbe 15 th May , heard Raspail begin to read his petition relative to Poland . Witness rose from his seat and said , ' You have no right to read a petition . ' He considered f l impossible that Raspail should not have heard what he said . M . D'Adelsward , another representative , deposed to having employed the same expression , as the preceding witness . M . Point , a representative , was at the chamber on the 15 th May . Saw Barbes and Raspail there , and heard tbe latter read his petition . Had afterwards heard Raspail say , in allusion to Barbes , ' Take him to the Hotel de Yule . '

      Raspail maintained _thafthe witness was _mistaken in his evidence ; that he had never been near Barbes in the Asembly , and had not uttered the words attributed to him . Barbes characterised as an absurdity the _supposition that Raspail could have used such an expression , as it would have been utterly ridiculous , seeing that the general cry was , A l'Hotelde Ville ?' _glle repeated that he had been opposed to proceeding to tbe Hotel de Ville , and had entreated the people to desist from their intention of forcing him to go there . M . Point persisted in the correctness of his deposition . The court rose at ' six o ' clock .

      March 17 . —M . Duprat , representative , saw _Quentin on the steps of the tribune , he said he was there to exercise a right and to fulfil a duty . Quentin went round the Assembly , and appeared , to excit ? the disorder . M . Bascal arrested Quentin on the order of M . Francois Arago , when Quentin went to tbe Luxembourg to take possession , in the name of tbe people ater the dissolution of the National Assembly . Quentin had two pistols on him . M . Francois Arago , ex-member of the provisional government Quentin came to Luxembourg to take _possession , he was arrested . Witness gave some details as to the manifestation of the 16 th of April .

      Sobrier made some observations on the manner in which he had been dealt with during his imprisonment by order of M . Arago , in the course of which he said , ' If I had wished to overthrow the government , I had only to have declared it . Your friends , M . _Procureur-General , who have bowed their heads before me know it well . ' ( Exclamations . ) * We are not men of violence , but of peace , of love of moderation ; we desire the constitution , and it is we who shall yet save the government , threatened to perish by violence after being founded in violence . ' . M . Francois Arago resumed , and declared that he thought General Courtais incapable of treason . He had only done wrong by want of discretion .

      M . Frisch heard that the insurgents complained of Gen . Courtais , who , they said , had betrayed them and caused the rappel to be beaten , contrary to the engagement he had entered into with them . Several witnesses were then heard as to the conduct of Larget . They thought he had not gone to the Assembly with good intentions . He had been heard to speak with satisfaction ot the affair of the 15 th May , and of the part he took in it , and that he could have prevented the national guard of Passy from going to Paris to the assistance of the government . The court rose at six o ' clock , and was adjourned to Monday .

      Monday , March , 19 . —The proceedings at Bourges were resumed at the usual hour . The galleries were very much crowded . Ledra . Rollin was the first witness . He had heard of a manifestation in favour of Poland on the 15 th of May . He detailed bis own proceedings on that day in company with M . Lamartine . He considered that General Cour . tais had done his best to protect the Assembly , but his orders had not been obeyed . Blanqui contradicted parts of _Ledru-Roliin ' s evidence . Raspail com * plained bitterly of the treatment he and his fellow prismers bad been exposed to since their arrival at _Bourges . Their sleep was interrupted during the night by visits from the police . All this injured his health seriously . The other prisoners made the same statement . The President of the Court

      retired for half an hour , and on his return said , that as the complaint was made in public , the explanation should be public too . He called on the director of tbe prison to explain . Tbe director denied the charge . He said the inspection was made every two hours ; but that every attention , consistent with safety , was shown to the prisoners , who were allowed to see their counsel and their friends without any guard being present . M . Marrast , President of tbe National Assembly , was next examined , but bis evidence was only a repetition of that of the previous witnesses . The next witness called was the celebrated Yidocq , whose presence excited much sensation in the court . His evidence , however , only referred to the prisoner Bonne . The Court adjourned at six o clock .

      Significant . —Some insubordination has occurred among the troops at Issondun _, near Bourges , in the company of voltigeurs of the 2 nd Li ght Infantry . In the morning of the 15 th this company went to tbe village of Cheriault , near Issondun , where there is a very active set of ultra-democrats , who , after giving the soldiers drink freely , advised them to relist their orders . These soldiers accordingly refused to comply with the orders ( riven them , and cried Yive Barbes , a _bas le eolonel ! ' tore off his epaulettes , and arrested him . The colonel sent off a despatch to Beurges .

      Paris , Saturday . — Rbinaugubation of the Guillotine by Louis Napoleon and the Moderates . —This morning , at eight o ' clock , two of the ' assassins' of General Brea were executed at the Bamere de Fontainebleau . In the course of last week , the government determined that the punishment of Noury and Vappreau should be commuted , but that Daix and Lahr should be left to their fate . The case of Choppart was long undecided , but ultimately it was determined , on the earnest intercession , it is understood , of the President of the Republic himself , that mercy should be also extended to him . The arrangements for the execution frere kept very quiet , but as it was

      evident , from tbe movement of troops and other symptoms , that something was about to take place , the inhabitants of tbe quarter were on the alert , and a considerable crowd congregated . In the middle of the night , the whole of the district of the _Barriere de Fontainebleau was taken possession of by large bodies of troops , consisting of the 61 st , the 2 nd , the 35 tb , and 59 th regiments of the line , several squadrons of Lancers and Dragoons , a battalion of tbe Republican Guards , and two batteries of artillery . The scaffold was erected inside the Fontainebleau gate , and within a hundred yards of the spot where the murders were committed . . Some strong detachments of infantry were placed lound the

      guillotine , and two pieces of artillery were placed at the entrance to all the streets abutting on the place of execution , and also upon the external boulevards . At half-past five o ' clock , the two convicts who were to suffer were brought from the fortification of Yauves , where they have been confined since their condemnation . They reached the fatal spot in separate prison vans , each being accompanied by two priests in their sacerdotal dress . Daix was the first who appeared . On quitting the van be showed great courage , and cried out , ' Cest tnoi out passe le premier . ' He mounted tbe scaffold boldly , without any assistance , and on his reaching the front of the scaffold , he said , in a firm and loud voice , ' In the came of the French people , I die in .

      France. The Trial Of The Republican Chie...

      nocent for having defended the cause 0 f General Brea . I die for the _people . Citizens , pray tomorrow / or me , for my 7 _^ f _my children . God receive my soul . ' _r _fe Was then immediately seized by the executioners , aud in less than a minute his head w & B severed from bis body . Lahr showed les 9 coolness . He was greatly depressed . His only words were ' Citizens , I am innocent . I die a Christian . * His execution was speedily accomplished . The assembled crowd , which waB principally _composed of auvriers , was calm and silent . — _Mor / _ijttig Chronicle . We extract an article from the Peuple on the above execution : —

      • RESTORATION OF THE GUILLOTINE . ' The Council of War pronounced a capital sen . tence—the Court of Cassation approved it—the Royalists applauded—and the Ministers in violation of the Constitution , which abolishes the penalty of death for political offences , and regardless of the political character of the tribunal which pronounced the _seatence , literally executed it . The Council of State , _consumed respecting the commutation of the penalty , had replied in the affirmative . Buonaparte had only to say ' yes , ' and the political scaffold would have _disappeared for ever . Buonaparte , however , thought otherwise . He preferred

      recurring to terror , and not having the courage to make heroes of our soldiers he has converted them into executioners . Troops of all arms , artillery , cavalry , and infantry , protected the restoration of the guillotine . To train those soldiers to carnage , they were brought to the place of execution to steep the point of their swords and bayonets in the blood of the proletaim . _Magnanimous people , who nobly proclaimed the abolition of the penalty of death , remember that it is under the Presidency of Louis Buonaparte the political scaffold has been erected for the first time , in violation of tbe Constitution When we visited tbe Barriere de Fontainebleau , at

      eight o clock , scavengers were engaged in clearing _axay an immense pool of blood at the place where the ignominious instrument had been erected . No trace of that blood now remains on the pavement ; but that blood has sprung from the scaffold , and stains the forehead of Buonaparte and his Ministers , and can never be effaced . Now , terrorists of moderation , are you aware of what you have done 5 You imagine that yon have merely shed the blood of two criminals ! Undeceive yourselves ; you have realised tbe prophecy of one of the representatives of the Democratic and Social _Republic whom yon pursue with your hatred and vengeance . On the 31 st May Louis Blanc having exclaimed , ' I fear

      neither prison nor death , ' you pretested against those expressions . « The penalty ef death , ' you said , 'is abolished for political offences . ' 'I tell you , ' replied Louis Blanc , ' that the scaffold will be again raised . I do not mean—I do not believe—that the Assembly will erect it anew . If it did , it would be acting against itself . The political scaffold will be re-established by the impetus and the merciless logic of passions . ' You have realised the anticipations of Louis Blanc , This is only your first step . Today you struck with the sword two guilty men ; to-morrow you will send innocent men to the scaffold . Your execrable logic condemns you to follow that course . You have restored the guillotine , and it will only disappear with you . '

      The delegates of the Luxembourg have addressed the following letter to the Peuple . — * The people , after the Revolution of February , planted the tree of liberty in place of the political scaffold . The political scaffold has been erected anew , and the committee of the delegates , overwhelmed with grief , have considered that the peaceable banquet they had prepared could not take place in presence of the general consternation . ( Signed ) ' A . Lefaure , ' Blum , ' Brasselut , ' _Dunuc , ' Bbrnabd , * Remy , '

      Coming Events Cast their Shadows Before . —We read in the Moniteur— ' The calm which had begun to prevail throughout France is again disturbed at several points by the artisans of disorder . At Beauvais , a placard posted on the north gate announced that the Red Republicans were furnished with arms and ammunition , and were about to set fire to the four corners of the town . At Rozoy ( Seine et Marne ) several men have passed through uttering _< A bas Louis Napoleon ! A bas Ies Aristocrates . ' A mort et a la lanterne les Aristocrates ! ' with other seditious cries . At Chaumes _,

      in the same department , some young men have disturbed the inhabitants during the nights by shooting ' Vive la Guillotine ! Nous laverons nos mains dans le sang des riches ! ' At Montauban the police took down a white flag which had been raised in the night . Near Thiers ( _Puy-de-Dome ) the police removed a red flag which had remained displayed for two days at an elevated place . In some of the bouses at Toul ( Meurthe ) the National Guard has seized quantities of smuggled gunpowder . - At Saint Maixent ( Deux Sevres ) the performance of a play , called' Un Voyage en Icarie , ou le _Communisme , ' has afforded the Socialists of the place a pretext for a riot . They interrupted the

      representation by shouting 'Vive Barbes ! Vive Blanqui ! Vive Raspail ! Vive Cabet ! Vive la Republique Rouge ! Vive la Republique Democratiqueet Sociale ! A bas la Republique Moderee ! A bas les Gendarmes 1 A bas les riches ! La propriete est un vol ! A bas Louis Napoleon ! A bas la Presidence !' Three men , who had been pointed out as the promoters of these disorders , were arrested and confined in the prison at Niort . At Havre , a thousand terrassiers ( navvies ) , dissatisfied with the wages offered them , have struck work . The authorities have taken necessary measures for preventing disturbances . In the arrondissement of La Reole ( Gironde ) the appearance of 200 soldiers of tbe line put a

      stop to an attempted riotous resistance to the payment of taxes . At Toulouse disorder has proceeded to a greater extent . On the 11 th , tbe company of the Natioual Guard , on coming to relieve the post at the capitol , cried on entering , 'Vive laRepub lique sociale . A bas les Reactionuaires ' . ' and the men displayed on their caps , and at their buttonholes the bonnet rouge in the shape of a cockade . They also drew a guillotine on the wall . When they were relieved in their turn they renewed their cries with redoubled violence . The Commissary of

      Police began to draw up a report against one of these mutineers , when the man charged at the magistrate with his bayonet , and might have killed him had not another citizen turnedthe point aBide . The men of the guard , instead of aiding in the arrest of this rebel , who had thus violated the rules of discipline and all moral law , protected him against the public force . A conduct so scandalous eould not be suffered to remain unpunished , and consequently the Prefect suspended the service of the National Guard and disarmed the revolted company . .

      Glory to Proudhon . —The Peuple , of Tuesday , contains another admirable article against the President of the Republic for not having commuted tfce punishment of Daix and Lahr , an account of whose execution we have given above . Proudhon , in his article , goes the length of calling M . Louis Napc _> leon Buonaparte an assassin , and declares that the whole responsibility of restoring the guillotine will rest on the Piesident ' s head . The article concludes by calling on the workmen of Paris not to place credence in any assurances of humanity on the part of that high functionary . [ Very good advice . ]

      More Persecution . — A former sergeant of tbe Republican Guard , already condemned tor participation in Barbes * affair of 1839 , was sentenced on Monday , by the court-martial , to twenty years' imprisonment for having joined the insurrection of June ; twenty-two soldiers , of whom five are sons of officers , were arrested on Sunday at the Fort of Vincennes . Clubs . —The government has revived the discussion on the bill to close the clubs . On Monday the whole sitting was occupied with the speeches of M . J . Favre against the measure , and of M . Leon Faucher in its favour . The _diseussion was adjourned .

      On Tuesday the Assembly recorded a most important vote . The clubs are interdicted . This decision was made at a late hoar last _evening bv a majority of 378 to 359 . 8 J It is said that the Clubbists have resolved to resist the new law .

      GERMANY . The Frankfort Parliament . —March 12 th . — We have been taken by surprise to-day . Welcher , the great champion of the Directory , has moved for the _immediate investment of the hereditary dignity of Emperor in the house of Hohenzonlern . THREATENED RUSSIAN INTERFERENCE . ( From the Daily News . ) PRUSSIA . —Berlin , March 11 th—At the present moment there is but one word in every mouth , ' War with Russia . ' There remains no longer the least doubt as to the fact of a note having been received from St . Peter 8 burgh , declaring the intention of the Czar to interfere in Germany in favour of menaced sovereignty , aright which he founds upon the treaties of 1815 . The Prussian government has taken up a decided position . The answer

      France. The Trial Of The Republican Chie...

      r _^ n _^ _T to Czar ' s note is that the first step { _? - ifrlrence on the part of Russia will be the _Wl orTe declaration of war on the part of s , gnai lor T l " _" is already on its way to St . Prussia . This _»»*«* _" J days we shall have Petersburg , and in about to _^ the Russian reply , peace or _« . _„» ill orders for the movements of the wo _^ are _SJ _draU up and signed and wart o _; alv the date to be issued for the _fulnLaient . Armaments are forming 0 n tho most extensive scale . Besides the _eoww I _' wmee of the eastern provinces , those of _Ponwraukand the Mark are put upon a _war-footing and the whole population liable to service , between twenty and thirty-two , the levy of _whicu was some time since put back from their not being wanted , are called out anew .

      . _„„„ , ;„„ . _ 'Tom the same paper we take the following ; t - The people are daily growing more dissatisfied witn tbe knowledge that their king is not treating them worthily . Great apprehensions are entertained lor the 18 ch of March , and a serious rising seems to lie meditated ; the quiet with which it is doing , ana the apparent submission of the people , is itself a source of uneasiness . Six regiments are arriving , of line and landwehr , from Silesia and Pomerania . [ So , after all that has been said to the contrary , the Prussians do not seem to be too well satisfied with their most liberal king . ] An niversary op the Berlin InsuRREC

      tion . -Berlin , March 18 .-The anniversary looked forward to with so much anxiety bas passed over without any disturbance , a result due rather to the repressive measures of the government than to the disposition of the people . There was no parade of military force ; indeed , the troops were scarcely visible throughout the day , but the preparations of the authorities to crush a movement , had one been attempted , were made on an enormous scale . From eleven to two o'clock the new police could scarcely disperse the groups that gathered in the Fredericstrasse , and other principal streets ; there was a very evident inclination to resist them ; and about midday the aspect of things was rather threatening . The crowds consisted for the most part of

      welldressed persons ; some , but not any great proportion , wore the German cockade in the centre of a knot of black crape . The disposition to gather in groups and listen to harangues , a thing unknown since the state of siege , was again manifested ; and it was as much as all the police force could do to keep the masses separated . Till near three o'clock the Fredcric-strasse and Bebrens-strasse were crowded by gtoups which , but that many were brought thereby mere curiosity , would have been dangerous , for there was a good deal of ill-temper to be perceived among them . The burial place of the martyn of the insurrection was surrounded by hosts of eonceafed troops and artillery . —Times ,.

      The late Austrian Diet . —The dissolution of the _Kremsier Diet occurred in this wise : —On the evening of the 6 th of March , while the Diet was yet sitting , _Stadion arrived with the under secretary from Vienna . Bach , who came with them , went on to Olmutz . After ten o ' clock , Stadion sent for a number of deputies to tbe castle . These , who had just come home from the sitting to their lodgings , went , suspecting no harm . After their arrival , the castle entrances were all closed .

      Amongst tbe summoned were Palacky , Stroback , _Piakas , Brauner , Leopold , Neumann , Lasser , Hasselwaiidter , Newwall , Petranovic , Szasskiewitz , and others . Count Stadion exposed to the assembled deputies the state of matters in Hungary , and other motives , which had determined the emperor to octroy a constitution , and to dissolve the Diet . Thereupon he ordered Dr . _Csjetan , mayor , to read the octroyed constitution , to which the deputies listened in mute wonder . Stadion then begged them to accompany him to Vienna , there to deliberate with him upon the constitution of the provincial departments . Thereupon several of the deputies spoke in turn , stating their various doubts , surprise , objections , & C ., to which Stadion listened , as one who would

      consider of what they said . He . only remarked , however , that he bad already countersigned the decree . He then retired with _Helfert , and came back in a quarter of an hour , when he declared that he must immediately set out for Olmutz , in crder . if possible , to get the octroyed constitution suspended . The result he would send by a telegraphic despatch to Dr . Mayer . In the morning , however , instead of a telegraphic despatch , came a detachment of infantry , who established themselves in the court , blockaded the government establishments , and permitted the deputies access only to the post . The garrison had been strengthened during the night . At the corners of the streets were posted up the order for iissolution and the new constitution . In the

      evening abont ten _deputes were arrested . Goldmark and _Violand got off . Schuselka was decided on going to Vienna . The deputies _Fischdof and Prats were brought in under strong military escort . In the evening a deputation of the town-council left for Olmutz , to present an address of thanks to the emperor . The ex-deputy Fuster , against whom a warrant of hue aud cry had been issued , was arrested at Ratibor in Prussian-Silesia , and is already in the hands of the Austrian authorities . Since the above was put into type , ire have _hesrd that the ex-Deputy Fuster has escaped from the gaol at Ratibor .

      Monarchical Terrorism . —Under date Vienna , March the 13 th , the correspondent of the Morning Chronicle writes : —* The Square of St . Stephen presented this morning an unusual appearance—un * usual , at least , for the last two months . It was occupied by military , and patrols of cavalry rode up and down the avenues leading to the cathedral church . On inquiring it hat this meant , I was told that the students had arranged and paid for a mass to be performed in memory of those of their members who fell thio day twelve months in the cause of liherty , and were proceeding to the square ia a _fcoiy , to be present at the performance of the service . Weldenhad , however , got information of the matter , and put a stop to it . Several had been arrested . The streets are unusually crowded to-day . '

      THE WAR IN HUNGARY . Pbsth , March 9 . —The Ban left on the 8 th , at four in the morning . Windischgratz has moved all disposable troopB , and even a good portion of the corps employed to besiege Comoro fortress , towards the Theiss , to stop the march , if possible , of the victorious Hungarians . On the 8 th a fi ght must have taken place in the direction of Szolnok : lor , during the night , a great many waggons arrived with wounded . Also the lines of the Danube by the bridge of Pesth were filled with troops , evidently in the view of covering a precipitate retreat . The officers of the Ofen garrison have sent away their wives .

      In the Breslauer Abendblatt we find the following additional details of the affair at Kapolna and Szolnok , and subsequent movements : — 'In the first encounter at Szolnok , the Grammonnt brigade , of 5 , 000 strong , was completely surrounded by the Magyars , and part cut down , and part taken prisoners . Grammont was amongst the taken . The general of the cavalry , Ottinger , died of bis wounds at Pesth , on the 5 th inst . In another engagement , on the 3 rd of March , the General Zeisberg was taken prisoner , with his whole division . In this affair the _Austrians lost sixt y pieces of artillery and 9 , 000 men ( sic ) . The Magyars had passed the

      Danube at Tolan , and threatened the main corps in the rear . Hence tbe precipitate retreat to Pesth . It was in contemplation to make an obstinate defence at Ofen , where Windischgratz had established his head quarters , and to abandon Pesth . _Recskemet , the second town of the Pesth district , was in the hands of the Hungarians , and Georgey was approaching Raab with a strong corps . ' Further direct news from Hungary , in the same paper , gives as the name of the place where the Austrians were beaten on the 3 rd inst . by Dembin 6 ki , Mezokovesd . ' The retreat of the Austrians was little less than flight . They were overtaken in the night again at Czegled , where they sustained fresh losses . Jellachich , in consequence , left Pesth late at night . Discomfited

      troops are continually dropping in at Ofen and Pesth , in the last state of discouragement and fatigue . It is even said that Ofen will not be held longer than is necessary to cover the retreat . _Stuhl-ireissenburg is also in the bands of the Hungarians . That the Magyars are masters of the whole of Transylvania , with the exception of Kronstadt and _Hermanstadt , has been already announced . The Austrian troops hare suffered a defeat at Comorn , where they were constructing a bridge over the Danube , for the purpose of storming the fortress . The work was all but finished when the batteries in Comorn began to play . The bridge was battered down , and the troops that were advancing to cross and those that were engaged in its construction , were either killed or driven back . '

      ITALY . The Roman Republic— Under date March tbe 4 th , the correspondent of the Daily Neivs writes , the course of events keeps its onward march , and the prospect of undoing what has b « en done in Rome , becoir . es . every day more dim and distant .

      France. The Trial Of The Republican Chie...

      Since the unu' ' _^ yy fooli step refusing receivea de- . _Ration , headed by Prince Corsini , and c V ° < i Sf his own two chambers of representat . iye _; and peers , to arrange an amicable return to b » domiXthe ' Pontiff has _kT _^ _jf" * _^ barrier indeed between the V _^ y _^ J _S _tSt missive and devoted population of these _** _" _»» ' «« which all the powers of Earope can never remove . There may be an abrupt and violent attempt to force a clerical ruler again on these people , but what is to become of his successor , and how many thousand troops and millions of dollars will suffice to garrison and keep down the twenty or thirty large townswhich all vie with each other in sustaining

      , the Roman commonwealth and its popular assembly ? The flippancy with which folks talk of ' intervention , ' as if it were a mere foraging excursion of some ten thousand troops , to come and go with a veni , vidi _, vici , is marvellously absurd . The doings of the last three months have created a spirit here which a whole century would not develope in any other circumstances ; and to a _person on the spot , conversant with the feelings of all classes of society here , nothing is more lamentably ludicrous than the Neapolitan speculations of the Times' correspondent , and the wind-bags of inflated rhetoric put forth as leaders in the Chronicle .

      THE ROMAN REPUBLIC TO ALL NATIONS . The Constituent Assembly . —The following manifesto has been published at Rome : — ' A new nation presents itself to you to solicit and to offer friendly feeling , respect , fraternity . The nation that formerly was the most illustrious on the face of the earth presents itBelf to you as a new one . But between the ancient grandeur and this resurrection , the Papal power stood for upwards of a thousand years . People of Europe , we knew each other when the name of the people of Rome inspired terror ; we have known each other when our name excited pity . You may abhor the memory of that age ef

      dominion and violence , but you cannot corfdemn us to excite for ever the pity of the world . Whieh of you would wish to be pitied ? The people of the Roman State have determined to reform their political _constitution , and have created a Republic ; and before this great aet of the imprescriptible sovereignty of the people , the past is destroyed and vanishes . The people have willed it . Who is above the people ? God alone ; but God created the people for liberty . Tbe people have willed it , and they need not seek justification for the past ; their reason is anterior to every human act . But if we turn our eyes to the past we may with tranquillity contemplate the ruins '

      of the Papal power , much more so than the latter , when it contemplated the ruins of our ancient political greatness . The history of Italy was a tale of sorrow , and a large portion of it was ascribed to the Papal power . And , notwithstanding , when the Pope came forward and placed the cross on the national banner , the world aaw that the Italians were ready to forget the faults of the Holy See , and the revolution began in the name of a Pope . But that was the touchstone of what a Pope _couM or could not do . The predecessors of the last Sovereign had been too cautious to attempt the trial , and their power was measured only by the misery entailed on the people .

      The last Pope was the first to risk the attempt , and wished to stop when he discovered that he had re * vealed a terrible truth , namely , the impotency of the Papal power to render the Italian nation free , independent , and glorious ; he wished to withdraw from the work , but it was too late , for Papacy had judged itself . It is hence that the downfall of Popery has been so near its glory ; tbe glory of the papal power was the northern light that precedes darkness . We still hoped , but a system of reaction was the answer that came from the Papal power . Reaction fell ; the Pope at first dissembled , saw the tranquillity of the people , and fled ; and in his flight he

      bore with him the certainty of exciting civil war ; he violated the political Constitution , left us without a government , repelled the messengers of the people , fomented discord , then threw himself into the arms of the most ferocious enemy of Italy , and excommunicated the people ! These facts sufficiently show that the Papal sovereignty neither could , nor would , modify itself , and nothing was left but bear it or destroy it . It was destroyed . If the liberality of kings , or the toleration of nations , had placed the Papal power in the city of the Scipios and Csesan _, instead of in the heart of France or on the banks of tbe Danube or the Thame * , was that a

      reason for depriving the Italians of all the rights common to nations—the country and liberty ? And if it be tme that the possession of temporal sovereignty be necessary to the spiritual power of the Pontificate , although it was not on such a condition that Jesus Christ promised immortality to his Church , was Rome then destined to become the patrimony of the Pope , and be so for ever ? Rome the patrimony of a Sovereignty , that to subsist was forced to oppress , and to be glorious , was forced to fall ? And , as a patrimony of Papacy

      was Rome to be the permanent cause of the ruin of Italy ? Rome , whose traditions , whose name , nay , whose ruins so loudly speak of liberty and patriotism ? Provoked and abandoned to ourselves , we have effected the revolution without spilling a drop of blood , we have re-edified almost without letting the sound ef demolition be heard—we have completely uprooted the sovereignty of the Popes , after having patiently submitted to it for so many ages—not from any hatred of Papacy , but from love for our country . When a Revolution has been effected with such

      morality of purpose and means it is at once proved that this people did not deserve to be under the sway of Papacy , but was worthy of being its own master , worthy of the Republic ! It is worthy , therefore , of being admitted into the great family of nations , and of obtaining your friendship and esteem . The Roman Republic will bear the stamp of its origin . It will make a free people defend tbe religious independence of the Pontiff , to whom tbe religion of a Republican people will be worth more than a few roods of territory . The Roman Republic proposes to apply the laws of morality and universal charity to the line of conduct it intends to follow , and to the development of its political life . * For the Assembly , The President , G , Gallbtti . ' Rome , March 2 . '

      PIEDMONT , LOMBARDY , AND AUSTRIA . — A letter from Turin to the Palrie of the 14 th says , ' The King , yesterday , received the visit of Lord Abercrombie , the British minister , who endeavoured to arrest the King in the course he was taking . The King answered him warmly , and nearly in these terms : ' To please you , M . Ambassador , I signed , last year , the armistice at Salasco , which was a disgrace to me . I stopped at the Adije , and submitted to a mediation , which is charged as to me into a treason . Since the 7 th May our situation is intolerable . The sacrifices which we bear are more onerons than war ; and I have still closed my ears to the sufferings

      of the Lombards and Venetians . What have you done forme ? Nothing ! for you would not even interpose when Austria violated tbe armistice . You hare by your silence , approved these violations of the right of nations . Now that we are plunged in an abyss , ought we to resign ourselves to remain in it ? No ! M . Ambassador , no ! I prefer seeing my crown shivered by cannon balls to being hooted in the streets . At all events , if I must succumb , my fall shall be honourable for myself and my people , '' To-day the minister Ratazzi made the following communication to the Chamber of Deputies : — ' The

      day of action has arrived . The King ' s government , after having exhausted every measure for obtaining an honourable peace , which would secure the inde . pendence of Italy ; and after having waited in vain for the mediation of the two great constitutional powers to advance towards this object , we are at last obliged to put an end to this delay , and to vindicate the rights of Italy by arms . The armistice was accordingly denounced on the 12 tb , and the resumption of hostilities ia eight days notified to Marshal Radetsky . The mediating powers have also been informed of the same resolve through diplomatic channels . '

      The Blessings op Monahchy . — Field-Marshal Radetsky , the worthy servant of the worthy Emperor of Austria , has published a proclamation , dated the 10 th , reminding the public of the nine _Bpecies of crime punishable with immediate death . Among these are illicit enrolments , seduction of soldiers connivance at desertion , and the possession of arms and ammunition . Other minor offences , such as having _unvisaed passports , disobedience to the military , & c , are punishable with arrest and irons for the space of from a month to a year .

      _MON-ARCHT AND MURDER . —ATROCITIES OF A Royalist RuFHAN .-We recommend _tbe _admirm of Monarchy to read , mark , learn , and inwS digest the following _:- « Marshal _Radetzsky announced to the garrison of Milan , bv an order of the day of the 12 th , the cessation of the " rata ce On receipt of that intelligence , an 'infunS - ' diery traversed the city , vociferating atrocious _S _^ JST a * Ital r- * he aoors and _mSJT - C , 0 S _^ ° V heir P * age , and they remained during the whole _evenimfsole masters of the streets none of the inhabitants having dared to venture out . All business was suspended from that

      France. The Trial Of The Republican Chie...

      moment . When night came on , bands of intoxicated Croatian soldiers , with lighted torches , marched throug h the city uttering savage cries of 'Long li » Radetzky _, and death to the Italians ! ' The _Podesta was summoned in the evening to the residence of the Marshal , who ordered hiai to inform the inhabitants that at the first movement or sympt 0 nj 5 » insurrection the city should be reduced to ashes . He then showed the Podesta the preparations he had made for the purpose in the Citadel , the congreve rockets , mortars , and other combustible matters it contained , and finally told him that he would leave in Milan five or six thousand men to execute his _insendiary orders . _^

      SICILY .-Advices from Leghorn and _Afarseilta state that a Neapolitan expedition of 6 , 000 men h 7 _ri _wiled for Sicily , and would embark at Messina _te reinforce the line of the Melazzo to Paormina . Ac cording to other advices it would appear that the " chambers and government of Palermo are controlled by battalions of volunteers of desperate character of whom three-foHrths are foreigners of all countries ' and who will not allow any kind of c ompromise * threatening the city with pillage if it be even spoken of .

      NAPLES AND SICILY .-The Dail y News says : —We regret to state that advices from Palermo of the 8 th , announce the determination of the Sicilians to reject the Neapolitan ultimatum , The Engl lish and French fleets reached Palermo on the Gth and on the following day transmitted to the Prince of Butera tbe missive of his Majesty the _Kinjc of Naples . The answer was not publicl y announced on the 8 th , but the universal opinion was that the constitution was utterly unacceptable , and that the

      only alternative was war . The admirals declared that they would stay to the last moment of there being hope of an accommodation . The Sicilians look to none . In Naples itself , the two Chambers and the Cabinet are so much at variance , that the latter has represented to the King the impossibility of continuing the government without a dissolution and new elections , and the King , it is _? aid , accedes . The Chambers refuse to vote the taxes—will the present ministry remain in office ?

      INDIA . We have received , in anticipation of the Overland Mail , intelligence from the army of the Punjau > up to the 3 d , from Lahore and Mooltan to the 4 th , from Calcutta to the 7 th , and from Bombay to the 13 th ot February . Since the departure of tbe mail conveying to England the news of the fall of Mooltan , and battle of Chillianwalla . on the left bank of the Jhelum , little ? of moment had taken place as regards the army of the Punjaub .

      Up to the 3 d of February , Lord Gough was busily occupied infotlifying his camp . Shere Singh ' s army was about four miles' distance from the Commander _, in chief ' s camp . It was generally supposed in Lord Gough ' s camp that nothing would be done in the way of offensive operations till the arrival of reinforcements from Mooltan and Lahore .

      REBELLION IN THE BRAZILS . Rebellion has broken out in this country . Under date Pernambuco , February , 3 d , a correspondent of the Daily News , says - . —Since I last wrote things have come to a crisis . The rebels attacked the town in three columns , at three different points , at daybreak yesterday irorning , and succeeded in entering the city by the Cinco Pontos . road . They obtained partial possession of the Santos Antonio , where they were aided by their friends in town firing upon the troops from the houses ; and some desperate fighting has taken place . The government troops and ma « rines ( landed from the vessel of war ) , aided by tbe

      volunteer corps , however , kept possession of the prin _« cipal posts until about two o ' clock in the afternoon , when Cicelo arrived with his forces , and completely routed the rebels their retreat by the Affagodos road having been cut off , none of the body that entered by that road have escaped . There has been a fearful loss of life , and a large number of prisoners were taken . The column of rebels that attacked the suburbs by the Solesado road were kept at bay outside the Boa Vista , and the third column only penetrated as far as Estancia by the _Margainho

      road . These two latter parties fought desperately to attain their object of entering the city by tbe Boad Vista . They foug ht from five o ' clock in the morning until six o clock in the evening , but without gaining any ground . During the night they have retreated to the country ; the government troops are too much worn out with their forced marches to follow them . Their principal leader , Mines Machado ( aDecembrazzado and deputy to the general assembly ) , was killed early in the day , and to his death the rebels attribute their defeat . Some others of their leaders are prisoners .

      4 Feb . 8 . —The Columbus has been detained till to-day . Everything continues quiet in the town . The rebels that still continue under arms are in the neig hbourhood of Pasmado . 1 cannot ascertain their numbers correctly , but tbey are supposed to be about 1 , 000 or 1 , 200 strong . A great many of the rebels have been met with in small parties since the day of the battle , and refusing to surrender have been shot . The total number of rebels killed is fully 500 . '

      Another battle took place on tbe 10 _ih _, the rebels numbering 1 , 500 , and the royalists about 1 , 300 . The rebels were beaten . They lost some hundreds , including Roma , their leader , which disheartened them considerably . They retreated to Brijo d'Aria , where it was expected the decisive struggle would take place . Of the eventful success of the government hardly a doubt was entertained asthearmy had been reinforced by 300 men from Bahia , and 1 , 800 more were , daily expected from Rn Janeiro .

      UNITED STATES . President Taylor delivered his inaugural address at Washington , on the 5 th of March . We give the following extracts : — " Elected by the American people to the highest office known to our laws , I appear here to take the oath prescribed by the Constitution ; and , in compliance with a time-honoured custom , to address those who are now assembled . The confidence and respect shown by my countrymen , in calling me to be the chief magistrate of a Republic holding a high rank anion _* the nations of the earth , have inspired me with _feelings of the most profound gratitude ;

      but , when I reflect that the acceptance of the office which their partiality has bestowed imposes the discharge of the most arduous duties , and involves the weightiest obligations , I am conscious that the position which I have been called to fill , though sufficient to satisfy the loftiest ambition , is surrounded by fearful responsibilities . Happily , however , in the performance of my _duries , I shall not be without able co-operation , Tha legislative and judicial branches of the government present prominent examples of distinguished civil attainments and

      matured experience ; and it shall be my _endeavour to call to my assistance in the Executive departments individuals whose talents , integrity , and purity of character , will fuYnish ample _guarantees fcr . he faithful and honourable performance of the trusts to be committed to their charge . With such aids , and an honest purpose to do _whatever is right , I hope to execute diligently , impartially , and for the hist interests of the country , the manifold duties devolved upon me . In the discharge of these duties my guide will be the constitution , which I this day sffW r to preserve , protect , and defend .

      "Chosen by the body of the people under the assurance that my adniinstration would be devoted to tbe welfare of the whole country , and not to the support of any _particular section or merely local interest , I this day renew the declarations I have heretofore made , and proclaim my fixed determination to main * tain _. _Ito the extent of my ability , the government in its original purity , and to adopt as the basis of _ntf public policy those great . Republican doctrines which constitute the strength of our national existence .

      "As American fieemen _, we cannot but sympathise in all efforts to extend the blessings of civil and political liberty ; but , at tbe same time , we are _warneu by the admonitions of history and the voice of 0 » own beloved Washington , to abstain from entangling alliances with foreign nations . In all disputes between conflicting governments , it is our inter _« j » not less than our duty , to remain strictly _neufw while our geographical position , the genius ot our institutions and our people , the advancing spun « _l civilisation , and , above al > , the dictates of _"MT direct us to the cultivation of peace : ul and _I _^« _relations wife all other powers .

      "In conclusion , I congratulate youmy fell ?* ' L zens . upon the higli state of prosperity to wnic" < goodness of Divine Providence has conducted ' _^ common country . Let us invoke a _continuance _^ thesame protecting care which has led us froai * , beginnings to the eminence we this day ocCUPJ ' 1 e let us seek to deserve that continuance ° y . _i , istand moderation in our councils—by wefl-direc < tempts to assuage the bitterness which toe 1 W marks unavoidable differences of op inion—0 ) promulgation and practice of just and liberal P » _jj pies ,-andby an enarged patriotism which _» acknowledge no limits but those of our own WJ spread republic . " , o-The crowd in the square was immense , ana 1 bably numbered 10 , 000 . he toC Great cheering and a discharge of cannon " and after the delivery of the address .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 24, 1849, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_24031849/page/2/