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Northern Star (1837-1852), 23rd October 1847, Edition 3 of 3, Page 1, ¦:. - -A--^sy--*':vyy :;¦ , ,- .ryy- '' ...

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    • TO THE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY.
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      To The Members Of The National Land Company.

      TO THE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY .

      I Mr Chixdrek, Irr Bkloved Childarat, Ar...

      I Mr Chixdrek , irr Bkloved _CHiLDarat , Are you not proud tint conscious integrity thus eiables me to address yoa in those endearing terms ? Proud , because you are aware that I would blush to court your confidence , or ask your love , if I did sot nent tbe one and deserve tbe other . I do not often lay yoa ruder heavy tax , but I ask you this week to read every word of my refutation of the slander of the assassins who have attacked me . Tbey have attacked me because I am your friend , and because I am the enemy of their oppression . But when yoa hare deliberately read all , and when voa retire to your

      -•• Cold quiet homes , " ask yourselTes deliberately whether you have erer gad or ever heard of so gross , so hellish , so unprovoked an attack made upon the public and private ' character of any individual . And tben , my children , _according to its venom yon will judge of my value to yoa , because yoa will not be weak enongh to believe that any one of those assassins would have attacked me if my crime was ONLY perfidy to yoa . "Where , my children , is the safety for any man ' s . character , nay , the security for This life , if an on

      p rincipled , unscrupulous ruffian becomes the hired iastrument of an tmscrnpnlotis assassin ? And after having made charges only sustained hy words , to tell yoa that he will not meet me in _discussien , hut prefers recourse to a method which requires a whole week fo be answered . Now , my children , what is -the crowning gem of the law ? Itis that the accuser shall meet the accused , and charge Mm to bis _/¦/«• that the jury and the jndge may be able to cri ticise the countenance , the appearance , and the

      tone of voice of each witness ; as we are told , and often find , that there Is as much to be gathered from the appearance of the witness , and tbe manner of tbe witness , as there is from the import ofhis words . Mmt there not then be presumptive innocence npon the part of the accused who boldly meets bis accuser , and offers to pay the expense of his witnesses ; and presumptive guilt on the "" art of the ruffian who shrinks fromlihesnstainment ofhis -charges ? -

      Men of Manchester , you most get _TVTlliani Grocott to read ay refutation of every charge , and wben I meet yoa on Tuesday night yoa will not see in me a crouching , cringing criminal , who dreads _joc rrerdict _, bat the bold and manly accused , who courts yonr investigation- A public man is not worth a straw to a public canse who has not the nerve to sustain his honour . And although a set of anonymous scribes have written to me threatening ne with danger from the League—whose concoction tbey say this is—if I go to Manchester on Tuesday ,

      yet I tell them and yon , that I will go to the Hall of Science rmaccompanied by a single manmy conscience my body-guard—and _therej will go through every charge bronght against me ; I wfll read some letters for yon that wili make the' Whistler'tremble , and I will take the fraudulent hooks ted produce them to yon—the hooks which the ruffian ' Whistler' tells yoa were discovered to be fraudulent by Mr Barry . And now prepare yonr ears for a stunner—there is not a figure of mine in tliose books—NOT ONE .

      There is only one fact , or rather one circumstance , wbich I have omitted to allude to , and that is , the statement in the letter of the' Rambler , ' as to poor Tawes _, of Herringsgate , having been subjected to the hardship of receiving £ 15 at three payments , in fonr months— £ 6 . £ 6 , and £ 3 . ( My Nottingham friends , how many uf yoa would like to take the infection , and catch the complaint ?) who came to me ont of the workhouse of Nottingham , received £ 15 in six * teen weeks , has his vegetables , potatoes _^ nd barley , his comfortable cottage , his outbuildings , and the

      fresh air of heaven to breathe , and four fatting pigs -within the stye ? Now , compare . that with the workhouse fare , and the pauper ' s feelings , and don ' t yoa wish yoa were all paapers , like Tawes ? Ay , it is tbis pauperism that paws the hearts of the ruffians—they cannot hear my pauperism , which throws a man _npan his own resources . And now , if I wrote ten thousand volumes to prove that my devotion to the Land Plan is greater than any personal consideration I could have , I could not more forcibly illustrate it , than bythe following picture .

      The object of my plan is to throw every woiking *! i _* n upon his own resources , and make idleness a crime , punishable by the scoff of the industrious . If , then , I look but to my ownephemeral fame , what I sbould have done , would have been to pet and _pauper the occupants as thsy were located , and holding np their satisfaction and premature independence , as a false light to seduce the idle and the " unthrifty into the belief that mere possession meant remission of labour and an idle _itulependence . If I had practised this system , I wonld have , been landed to the sides , and tbe condition of tbe occupants

      would he held up as the envy and admiration of the nation ; but then the cow would soon be dry , and my sad day of _reckoning-wsnld come . For these reasons , then , I have appeared rather harsh , because I know that foolish favoara and extravagance would -destroy self-reliance , and create a kind of natural "ifieness . let , my friends , as yon will see in my manifesto , I have sent over a hundred bushels of the best seed wheat to Lowbands , this week , and at "the end of the week I send the same to Herrings"gate ; so that I am not thoughtless , when prudence ¦ affords the opportunity .

      The press tells me that I will not bring an action against the Manchester Examiner . A gentleman of Manchester , who fears the publication of his name , informs me that the Manchester Examiner wfll not be stopped by threats , because a club bas been established to hear the proprietor harmless , if he can only break down the influence of Feargus O'Connor before Parliament meets . This gentleman commences his letter thus—* Sir , though not an admirer of your

      political principles , I aa an advocate for fair play ; tben he discloses the whole secret , and tells me that if necessary for ] the vindication of my honour , he ¦ will allow me to publish his name . Now , is there a * _Ko _* lang man in Manchester , or in England , who is aot _convinced of this fact ; or could there be a _-sosree of greater rejoicing to their opponents thaH the realisation of th e Melbourne definition of

      -Justice' RUIN THEM WITH EXPENSES _Y My children , there is no respect for a pauper . Tbe dependent beggar has no force to defend himself , aad as the case is yours , and not mine , I am resolved to meet those nrffians with their own Weapons ; and for that purpose , if you think my case is good , after yon have heard my defence , I will call upon every man at that meeting to subscribe his " site , as I have no right to he put to the expense against attacks , wbich , but for my devotion to yon , _** ouldneverhemade . And now , I call not only upon tte members of the Land Company , but upon all --ngland , to sustain me ia this struggle against the

      Press-gang ' . Oar friend Sweet has secured the Exchange _S-ooms , at Nottingham , for Wednesday night ; andi hy my direction , has left a challenge with the Mercury manto meet me . There , too , I shall make « _h appeal for the sinews of war , begging that the Poor and the victims of oppression may not give any

      thing , but tbat those better off may give according totheir means . In next week ' s Star you will see _^ e result of those meetings . On Friday next , I go to my first born at _O'Connorvine , there to distribute * he premiums to the occupants out of my own Pocket , accoiding to the conditions I laid down ; tad , for that purpose , I invite the occupants to select three _neighbouring farmers , and request their at-

      I Mr Chixdrek, Irr Bkloved Childarat, Ar...

      tendance as judges , to meet me at twelve o ' clock o » Friday ; and if Tawes wfll have me as a guest , I'll dine with him , even upon Ms potatoes . Ia conclusion , my children , I have only to remind you of the ordeal to which my advocao ? of Chartism subjected me many years ago , to call your attention to the triumphant manner in which I battled with and overcame the enemy , and I now assure you that , cams life or death , this Land Plan of ours shall sue ceed—no power on earth shall destroy it . _. It could not be great until it arrived at the dignity oi

      being dreaded ; and think of one man , and that Kan a foreigner — a free gift made to the English pcuple—filling the " nation with alarm , and entitling himself to the reprobation , the scandal , and the abuse of a venal , corrupt , and prostitute press . But in spite of all , my children , you will stand by me , and I wfll stand by yon , and we will stand , or fall together ; hut I never will be rich while you are poor ; and my face shall never hear the blush that has been extracted from" the pale faces of little children , or the attenuated frame of oppressed and injured man .

      Next week's receipts ofthe Land Compary shall prove whether or no the warning voice of the Dis ' patch , which has gone throughout the land , as weare told , has destroyed confidence in the scheme and its propounder ! Secretaries of the North , and depositors of the North—withhold your funds _tfll Tuesday night , nntil after the conviction of the press-gang ; and then , if you are satisfied with your security , 1 will receive them upon the platform . Men of Nottingham—do yon likewise . And now , my children , assuring yon that I never was in better health or spirits in my life , I take my leave for the present , praying that God may forsake me when I forsake

      you _. On Monday evening I hope to meefmy London friends at the banquet , and now I remain , "four devoted , yourfond , and affectionate father , F-5 AB . OTJS _O'COHNOB . —_ _r __ r _ TJ ~_ r _ r _ r _ - _ e \_ r , _ r . r , _ r , _ _nm _________ WWW ____ m i i 11 i 11 » i _j * _rf _S _< - _^ w _*^* M _*^»

      .And ' Mtiqnal ¦ ' T^

      . _MTIQNAL ¦ ' T _^

      I^L^L ^? 52 -2- London/Satuemy/6^ ™<- E ...

      _I _^ l _^ _L _^? 52 -2- LONDON / SATUEMY _/ 6 _^ ™< - . _im _&* _m _« — ' - _V _* " _^ -V _VV _** >| _if" * _% _^ _M _^^ _V _* , _# _:-. ; _«?« Shilling * and flixpe-we per Qnarta _* .

      To The Editors Of The « Not Tingham Merc...

      TO THE EDITORS OF THE « NOT TINGHAM mercury ; the -nonconformist ; the -dispatch the globe ; the Manchester examiner ; and lloyds trash ; You Ruffians . I submitted your claim for preference to the ballot , and the Lord have mercy upon your soul , ' Kottingham Mercury man '—you havebeen doomed as the first victim . The majority of

      you , who have taken a license never before accorded to the press of any country , have whimsically enough prayed for argument and not for abuse , as a refutation of what you call your c facts . " For those , upon whom what you call _your'facts ' mightmake the slightest impression , I shall confine myself to the strictest rules of argument _^ while my summary of those arguments will consist of an amount of castigation never before so justly deserved by a half dozen of the basest culprits convicted upon the clearest testimony ..

      I told you that I was the propounder of a seience of which you understood nothing , and that I was the popular instructor of a new description of literature of which mere theorists and hired scribblers were hopelessly ignorant , and that their wrath _against me would be in proportion to their mortification , in having been thus distanced by the working classes in the race of valuable-and practical knowledge . There is not an opening that the most severe castigator could wish for that you have not given me , and whether it proceeds from the will of God , or the ignorance

      of man , there never was , in ancient or modern times , such an exposure of editorial ignorance as I am now about to submit to the deluded dupes who have been the weekly purchasers of their nonsense , their ignorance , and their spleen . I rejoice that the arithmetician who has dealt most largely in figures and finance , stands first npon the list—and for this simple reason , because my balance sheet and my financial accounts with the fustian jackets , the blistered bands , and unshorn chins , * are my

      breast-plate and coat of mail—the life preserver that sustains me in the hurricane and the storm , and , buoyed up by which , the working classes shall be steered into the harbour of peace , prosperity , and independence . To yon who have confided in me , those portions of my letter connected with your monies are addressed , and fear not , and doubt not , that , those questions disposed of , the six editors shall receive that well-merited castigation they have brought upon themselves .

      I now turn to the balance sheet , and , apart from the fact that it was submitted to the consideration and the minute inspection of seven delegates , and to whom receipts were submitted for every farthing of money for which credit is taken in that balance sheet , I shall now canvass it , asking the reader to hold it in his hand while I not onl y refute , but tatter and demolish- the dishonest , the ignorant , the lying interpretation given of it by the Nottingham . Mextmry . This facetious ass has indulged in a loud bray ; to prove him ignorant would be no surprise , but to prove him a wilfully perjured

      witness will , henceforth , make him the scorn of bis townsmen . As other portions ofthe press , especially the Dispatch , and poor little Miall , _oftheKbHCon / ormisf , have pinned thoir faith and their charges npon the balance sheet , this portion of my letter will refer generally to all , and as the Mercury man has attempted an illustration of his charges , in a familiar dialogue between Tomkins and Robinson , in which the clownish witster very much resembles an elephant dancing a minuet , I shall endeavour to illustrate the true picture in more simple language .

      Firstly , then , I give you the first count in the indictment , which is the 'horse' count , and here I insert it , as it appears in the Nottingham Mercury — First , then , there are twenty-three horses _-wiich have costtegether - *« _*» J * _CarriageandexFenses .. .. « i » 4 Wheelwright ' s Bills .. .. _« l 4 0 A Cart .. .. .. 11 2 J A Tax-cart .. .. 710 0 AlargeCart .. .. 8 Is 0 Another Cart .. .. 7 0 0 Implements .. •• 41 3 7 Saddlery and Harness .. 54 2 5 £ l , 2 Bt 10 8 Yoa remember , when I went to Lowbands , that I wrote you a letter explaining the impossibility of procuring a sufficient amount of horse power to perform the herculean labour of drawing lime five miles , sand nearly four miles , stones , averaging nearly two miles , and bricks five miles , for the completion of forty-four cottages , with outbuildings and a school-house , besides _drawzng-stones the same distance , to make about two miles of road and over 2 , 000 yards of paths ; independently of ploughing , harrowing , and rolling 150 acres of land , most oi it three times ; drawing earth to make land out of swamps ; putting out dung for more than forty acres of ground ; doing the jobbing wort for carpenters and plasterers ; drawing all tht timber from where it was felled , and all the old timber in outbuildings to the saw-pits ; _drawinj timber ? to make nearly two miles of strong p alings , and drawing an _abasing stack of fag

      To The Editors Of The « Not Tingham Merc...

      gots and hard wood to the back of every cottage . As regards the item for horses , witb the amount you have nothing to do ! as Mr "Dixon , who sold the horses h y auction in London , will Rive you the amount to a penny of each , and Mr Alsopp . who paid the money for seventeen , will shew you his receipt for the amount paid , while , men of Nottingham , your townsman , Mr Samuel fioonham , and Mr Doyle , one of the directors , will show you the receipts for the remainder of the horses . Thus , ywsee , even though ahove suspicion and not suspected , I am determined , as your honoured arid trusted

      bailiff , to open every door to inquiry , and not to shrink from the most paltry charge where your money is concerned . Thus , then , I account for tne purchase of the horses , and presently I shall call your attention , not to their use only , but to their profit . The next item is 387 . 19 s . 4 d . for the carriage of those horses from London to Gloucester by railroad , expenses at Gloucester , and conveyance from Gloucester to Lowbands , by the ostlers of the Bell Inn . _Is _' nt it a beautiful thing to be able to meet the ravings of the rascals with such minuteness J The expense of transmitting horses by this line is \ l . 3 * . per horse , by a train that takes nine hoursand

      , II . 18-. by a quicker train , that takes four or five hours ; and by mistake , or rather not knowing the difference , Messrs Doyle-and Boonham transmitted about ten of the horses by the more expensive train . The next item isa wheelwright ' s bill , which belongs to the horse department , as do all the other items in the ahove list . And now , my friends , we come to another item belonging to the cavalry , the item of food , and which I also rive you from the Nottingham Mercury , and from it I shall gladden your hearts , while from it I shall also convict Mm of wilful perjury . Here it is : —

      March 15 , ( pray mark this date particularly , because we shall hare to call your attention to it afterwards ) : — „ £ . _s , d . March 27 , sturge for Oats .. .. 61 0 0 — 27 , Gyngell for Beans ,. a 316 0 April S _9 _, Irel and for ditto .. 8 9 0 May le , Fox for Oats .. .. 15 8 t — 12 , Moore and Co ., Straw .. 36 1 9 — 29 , Gyngell for Beans .. ie S 0 — 11 , Stannard for Oats .. 20 0 0 June 18 , Griffiths for Com ., 88 0 0 — 26 , Fulhamfor Beans .. 88 0 0 — S 9 , Russell for Oats .. .. 5011 0 July 17 , Fulham , Straw .. .. 9 0 0

      Ireland ' or Beans .. 79 15 0 Crews for Bran .. .. 6 W 0 Aston , Clover-bay .. 20 0-8 1 Hay on the farm at time of pur-. chase , stated by Mr O'Connor _i- _«• _,- to have been consumed by horses , and valued by him in ¦ a separate form at 910 0 £ 530 19 9

      Now , I will take this for a specimen of what the horses did cost , merely for argument sake , and then I'll show you from this provision list the profit that was made by the Company by performing the operations with their own horses , instead of hired horse power . This unfortunate fool was not aware , although he professes to have read the Star , that those horses were hired by the builder , and that if I had not bought those horses , the work couldn't have been performed within the next five years by hired norse power . But I will not

      confine myself to showing this , but I will prove to you the profit that we made , and the startling but irrefutable fact , that those horses , which cost 915 / ., are now the property of the Company for nothing , having actually more than earned their prime cost , thus furnishing y ou with the mo ~ jt apt and happy illustration of the difference between free labour and slave labour . And now , mark the simple manner in which I will demolish the pompous calculations of this pompous and ignorant buffoon . Those

      horses , when drawing stones , earned 10 s . 6 d . a day each , never less than 9 s ; but I will take it at the latter sum . I had three shillings for each double horse-load of stones , which at six loads a day , came to 18 s . a pair , or 9 s . a horse . For drawing sand I had 5 s . a double horseload , and drew three loads a day , which was 7 s . 6 d . a horse , for drawing lime each horse earned 8 s . 4 d . a day . At ploughing , each pair of horses earned about what cost me 15 s , that is , 7 s . 6 d . a horse ; but , if we average all at 8 s . 4 d . a horse , per day , we shall be under the mark .

      . And now . we come , to dispose of the item of food . Eight shillings and fourpence a day is 9 H . los . a week , and tbis beast— -who marvels at the horror of those horses consuming 1 " . 3 s . per week , bub never shudders at the abomination of the system whicb causes human beings to starve around him—sets this item of 11 . 3 s . per horse down as one of his prominent charges ,, but the ruffian sever stopped to inquire what thehired labour would have cost us . Take , then , 1 / . 3 s . for food , and not 4 s ., but 7 s . 6 d . for attendance , 'f or I give my carters J 5 s . per week , and a man attends two , which is 7 s . 6 d . per horse , that is , for food and attendance , 12 . 10 s . 6 d ., leaving a profit of within a fraction

      ofa pound per week for each horse , er 23 / . a week profit—and without mentioning one of the most profitable items , which I shall presently take into account , namely , the dung , * and hence , upon the five months included in this fellow ' s livery hill , and taking It as correct , although I shall show a wilful error of 130 / ., the profit for those twenty weeks made by the Company would he 460 / , besides the dung of twenty-three horses for that time , But I won t stop here ; it did not cost me that amount to feed them » and at a portion of the work done by them I saved more than lOs . a day per horse , between free and hired labour .

      My friends , there is an item in the Herringsgate account which the arithmeticians have not touched , which is 2207 . for London dung , and 901 . for carriage , making 3102 ., and I made with those twenty-three horses and twentythree cows at Lowbands , and put it out too , more than double the quantity that was put out at Herringsgate . Now , I'll show you how the account would have stood for horse labour . I'll take one house for you . There are 120 loads of stone , that is , one-horse loads , in « ach house and outbuildings , which , at Is . G & - a load , makes 9 / . Estimate the school-house at

      four houses , wehave forty-eight houses ; multiply forty-eight by nine , and you have 432 / . which drawing the stones alone would have cost . Sand for forty-eight , about 120 / ., including masons and plasterers . Carriage of lime 48 / . ; carriage of bricks for outbuildings , 50 / . Now , those four items alone come to 650 / ., being 120 / . profit over and above the arithmetician ' s account for livery , and without a fraction for ploughing , harrowing , rolling , drawing out dung , drawing stones for two miles of road and 2 , 000 yards of pathway , drawing timber , jobbing , and drawing thousands of draining tiles seven miles . Now , then , I contend for it , that , taking all done here , and there , into account , the

      horses are yours for nothing without even taking their dung into account . Nay , more * I gave 186 / . for one team , and after working them hard all the winter , I refused 300 / . for them , and I undertake to say , if I were now to sell those twenty . three horses , that . * would make a profit of aver 500 / . _upoirj thenft . There ' s the value of free labour over slave labour _. Those slaves _pjre our own , and we have an interest in _theiir lives and their health . You can see yo _* :, r faces in them , and they prance after twelve hours' hard work . Ob ! but , ' what a ri mWe thing , what a disgraceful thing , wfcat a hard-hearted thing , to feed

      To The Editors Of The « Not Tingham Merc...

      i ? ng / sa _^ o « r _mbrhet 1 _^^ mff _0 mMl r se- _^ ery _ hOTat _» -ga _* _ro _^ nineof the very poorest ef the Irish _^ _peoii le _^ P ' came . beggingfor work for God ' s sake , i _^ nd they were so satisfied with their lot that thev fdnbwed _% iehere . . MY riends , did thisfunny fellow imagine _tMtstones ,. lime , sand , timber , bricks , tiles , slates , ranges , and stoves , were all to jump together , _^ if by magic , and form themselves into

      _hptises ; or , did you ever hear of so much work being done lor the same amount of money ? But the fool was not aware that I was paid in cash by the buttder , at the rate that 1 have set down for every article Thus , I prove him guilty of folly ; and now , III prove him guilty of wilful ; palpable , and corrupt falsehood . You see the article 38 "' . i 8 . 9 d . Moore and Co . straw . ' Now , look at the balance sheet , and there you will find the Item stand thus Moore and Pov , cattle and straw , 36 ? . 18 . 9 d . " Now , I ask yoa , readers , if yon , require more to convict this . fellow of a base

      attempt to commit a wilful fraud upon you . Can any thing be more clear and palpable ? There was a cow and a bullock included in this item for straw;—the straw was under 61 ., and I had four large three-horse waggon loads , an 4-which was bought hy auction , and was worth double the amount . Now , you see the last item for hayon the farm , 94 / . Now , that hay was consumed almost exclusively by the cows , ( of the produce of which this impartial critic says'there isn ' t one word of account ; although in my letter accompanying the balance sheet , you will find profit on cows ABOUT 75 / ., ) and that item stands in the same account , as used by horses upon the farm ,

      while it fed twenty-three cows , from the 8 th of March till the 23 rd of August , and of which , there was over 751 . profit made , but which could not be stated in the balance sheet , and for the simplest of all possible reasons— -because the balance sheet was made up to the 16 th of August , and the cows were not sold till the 22 nd of August , and the ' money that they fetched was in the hands ofthe Gloucestershire Bnnking Company on the 23 rd of August , and I bought those cows to make dung , not to make profit ! and although your tenderhearted editor * talks waggishly about haying twenty-three cows , I assure you , that many a mason , many a carpenter , many a carter , and

      many a labourer , went away sorrowing that there wasn't enough of milk for all , and of their milk , their calves , and their dung , I made nearly _2007 . profit , as the dung could not be purchased at any price . And , just think , instead of selling the produce off that farm , of its being refreshed by the manure of twentythree cows and twenty-three horses . Now deduct that 942 . for hay , aud 307 . of the 36 ? . ls . 9 d . not paid for straw , and you havejthe livery bill reduced to about 400 / ., while the cost for drawing stones alone , to the cottages alone , and no mention of dung , amounts to 432 / . Now , arithmetician , what do you . say for yourself ?

      As to the wheelwright ' s account , in the first inventory , of 181 / . 4 s ., and saddlery 54 / . ; what do you think of 15 s . a piece for forty-five box barrows , which the occupants got for 13 s . ? What do you think of about a score of navvy barrows ? What do you think of timber carriages , carts , and six waggons at 20 / . a waggon ? The man has not seen the wheelwright ' s bill yet . Did he think tbe horses were to draw without carts , and without harness ? Why , the bobby , we have them all , and of the best quality , ' and nearly as good as new , I paid . 1 ih . for the best-constructed new carts ,

      and 20 / _-wthe'be" _" _ft-WM _^ would this undertaker make them cheaper ? "Oh , but Tomkins , " says Timkins , "the first of these items is a credit taken for 84 / . 16 s . paid to an auctioneer , for selling something , no doubt , though the account ostensibly furnished for your enlightenment does not condescend to say what ; 84 / . for an auctioneer ' s bill ? for selling the rubbish , we suppose , on the Lowbands estate . " Now that ' s from the Nottingham Mercury ; and now , Timkins , hear my answer . If I were to give you every item in every account , not six Stars , nor yet ten Stars , would contain my balance sheet ; but if you wish fora little information upon this head , Timkins , it

      is 84 / . 16 s . paid to Messrs . Bently arid Saunders , auctioneers , on the Snd of March , for goods purchased at Mr Latin ' s auction - those goods consisting of a waggon , three very fine carts , harness complete for thirteen horses , ploughing harness for three pair of horses , a patent weighingmachine , someharrows , and three ploughs . Now , Timkins , what wH _) Tomkins say to 84 / . l _§ s . for SELLING some rubbish at Lowbands . Then , Timkins , we come to the disgraceful charge by your bailiff , of 72 / ., the contribution of seventy average subscribers for land surveying . "Did you expect , that , my children , from your political daddy ? " Such is the language of your social critic .

      My children , The contributions of seventy of my children at the average of 4 / . —which is a three-acre allotment—would be 280 / ., and the contributions of eighteen would just amount to the 72 /; and didn't I show you , in one of my letters , _that-the surveying and making out the title , and . paying for stamp and conveyance , would amount to nearly the whole sum paid by the shareholders located upon any estate , and from this fact did I not illustrate the value of co-operation ? But , not to rest here—there ' s no such item in tbe balance sheet as 72 / . for surveying Lowbands ! Timkins ,

      there ' s only 32 / . 2 s . 6 d . ; and mark , Timkins , all the timber , the hay , the straw , the crops , and everything chargeable to the purchaser , and valued by the surveyor , as well as laying out forty-five allotments , which altogether took two professional men more than ten days , at three different visits , from Watford , in Hertfordshire , to Lowbands , in Worcestershire ; and mind , . Timkins , although the god Mercury tells you that surveyors will survey land at 3 d . per acre , that yet , Timkins , inasmuch as it takes longer to skin an ox , and cut

      it up into joints than to knock the OX down , SO , Timkins , does it take twenty times * yea forty times , as much labour to carve an " estate into joints as to lump it into a large farm . And then , Timkins , the rate of valuing timber and other things is five per cent , upon the first _hundredjpounds , and two-and-a-half per cent , upon the remainder ; and that alone , Timkins , upon nearly 700 / . worth oi property , would be 20 / . Timkins * , Timkins , I say , you look pale and aghast . * 'Yea , verily , ToHikins , I am flabbergasted . '

      ¦ well , but Tomkins , what do you say to 100 / . for guano , to try experiments with ?• « To try experiments with guano ! Why , _hiess the man , isn ' t it what the farmers aro running mad after , _| and wasn ' t , it mixed w 5 . th ashes as manure for turnips , and didn ' t every fouracre occupant get four hags , every three-acre occupant three bags , antPevery two-acre occupant two bags of it , bags and all , Timkins * and two bags contained 2 i cwt . * ample for an acre , Timkins , and of the very b > est Peruvian guano > arid our daddy , TimkinB never tried a spoonful '" of it in ' experim- ' nts , and all those bags , Timkins , after about thirty acres of turnips , were sown for the occupants , Timkins ; nine tons of guano , enough for seventy-two acres , better than picking oakum in bastile , _Timtins . ' Well , _Tqnikins , what say you io M , for tax

      To The Editors Of The « Not Tingham Merc...

      _Ha _* MP «* _MMM- _« - _* _W-p-a- « M- * _-MM-M «* _t _a-Mi-WMM- _^ M | _< _Mt and horse , and harness for your bailiC ra |||/ ha ! my eye , TMns ,: _i wfeh you saw the _$ i _$ B-out , and our Bailiff' going to fair and fili * etin it—a hutc _& ers-trapj . limkins , and _' a ( shabby one , all cost 7 / i TOs .,. ' "»¦ hired pony , ( Timkins , twenty years- of age > and harnesstied up ; but our bailiff is adisgrace to us—but I ' m ashamed to meet _himj . going to- GUoucester , ; _wMi those swells of farmers-, Timkins ; When Jour bailiff is not using the _^ trap _, it ' s jobbing for carpenters . ' '• Tomkins-,. _dfcaw my coat over

      my head to bide my shame . But , Tomkins , a pound for a letter _bag'f _"FimkinS ) Fit tell you about that bag . Chartist Jack used ? to bring the tetters in his pocket- ; , and one day the _Jostmaster brought a registered letter after ack bad left , and on his way to Lowbands he found one of the letters . which Jaok had dropped- It had monay ihit . tTimkins , I was present , when Mr _, eullingham , the overseer , sard , -Good God , how lucky-really , sir , _w » _^ _? - _f a _post-bag with two keys . ' Well , limrims , don't you think the bailiff was very wrong in not having a post-bag before » There are a hundredletter _* sometimes and do

      , you think that such correspondence should * be left to chance for a pound _f Timkins , I would ' _nt make it for 2 / . Timkins , is _' nt all thisvery paltry ? ' 'Oh { Tomkins , oh ! 1 shall die of shame : but tell me about the watch dog . ' 'Why , Timkins , who is without a watch dog i The animdl is worth Wt . , and I'll tell you , in such a place property must he scattered all over , and , Timkins , one cold night at twelve o ' clock , I was walking along the high road through the estate ; where some paling had been stolen , and I heard a roar like a lion _, at twelre of a cold night , Timkins— -and I

      shook in my breeches , Timkins—because I stepped on the land off the road as it was wet , and who should he at my elbow but bailiff King and bailiff O'Connor , Timkins ; and , Timkins , Aston refused 3 / . many a time for the dog— -and . Timkins , never be without a good watch dog in a strange place . ' But the collar and chain , Tomkins . ' Rubbish , Timkins ; O'Connor never chains even the horses —the animal hain ' t cost a penny , Timkins , but the . 3 / ., not even a house , Timkins ; sleeps on the dunghill , and , God help you , Timkins , if you attempt to steal . Timkins , tho dog cost each fifty members one farthing . '

      * Well , Tomkms , now 455 / . for Chinney—who is he ? ' Who ; no one , Timkins ; he means Chinnery , Mr Roberts ' s clerk , whom the shareholders all know ; and , Timkins , the stamp for the registration deed cost about 400 / ., and tbe making out title of Minster Lovel estate , and stamps and conveyance , and Snig ' s End and Mathon . Why , Timkins , this is but a small item , when one stamp cost 400 / . ; and , Timkins , don ' t think our bailiff can do the government . ' 'Oh ! then , Tomkins , what a world it-is , and how sore beset with liars and sinners ; its shocking , Tomkins , its dreadful , the Lord

      will destroy the world for its sins . Wtll , Tomkins , we go on— -Lyal 80 / . What ' s that for , Tomkins ? ' ' For naught , Timkins ; there ' s no such item in the balance sheet . ' * Oh 1 Tomkins , is that the Devil I see coming—take this . ricked paperjout of my sight . ' No , Timkins , no , go on . Tomkins , 256 / . for ironmongery and plumber ' s work . What ' s that } ' Why , Timkins , I suppose only on account of glass for forty-four houses and school house , for lead , for valleys and chimneys , for all are leaded , Timkins . And , Timkins , lead pines for fortyfour pumps and pump heads , Timkins . and

      stoves ; but It must be only . on account , Timkins , as lead is 20 / . a ton / Oh ! Tomkins , where does thedevil putliars ? " 'In the bottom , Timkins . ' 'O ! then , Tomkins , the Lord have mercy upon poor Bailey of the Nobtingham Mercury . Tomkins , he says that Goatman and Tripp were made make-weights , and put down to balance / 'Timkins can you read ? ' 'Yes , Tomkins . ' 'Then see this balanae sheet , and behold they are put down according to the date of payment , in * order that the accuracy may be tested by the date of cheque ; and Timkins , ' don't you tfaink that both Ii » pp and Goatman had a goodi spell at our bailiff s sheet / 'Well then , Tomkins , is the balance

      sheet al $ right V No , Tiraiins , it is not , there is a great blunder and a great omission , I adJofiit . ' 'Well , Tomkins , then tlteMercury is right after all V 'Stop , Timkins ,. ia Richardson ' s acaount , who isthe blacksmith , aod made all the chimney bars and shod horses , 1 find the _folfiowing sums-: 24 / . 5 s . ; 18 / . j ; 5 l . } 8 / .. ; 12 / . ; and they are cast up as 44 / . 4 s . Sd ., instead of 67 ft 5 s . 0 d . making an error against our _bailing and in favour of the Company , of 23 / . Os . 7 d / ' * Well , the-omission , Tomkins / 'Why , Timkins , not a fraction in the _acuount for even the _« travelling

      expenses of our baaliff for two years ; and a half , for travelling _the-whole kingdom andlexamining estates , and attending auctions . Timkins , if the blacksmith ' s account had been cast up in favour of the bailiff , what nuAs , eh ! and would ' nt it sooa be detected , bub aot one word , Timkins , abeat the only errojr in the sheet , because the error is against ow bailiff . Now , Timkins , this paragraph concludes with the assertion tnat each cottage , has cost 10 $ ., besides this-land . ¦ Well , now Timkins , just see how out ofa jumble of con / used notions , the man is © Miged to arrive aft O'Connor ' s very

      conclusion . Why , man ,, he has always estimate & the _' cost ol * a house at precisely 100 / . ; but , Timkins , they ho » ed to puzz !» poor folk with this price for this thi » g , and that price for that thing , but in * the end _thoymustagree with our bailiff . Nov _^ Timkins , just suppose if O'Consor had _builfc the mud hovels spoken of at first ; but , Timkins , dash it , they'd CRUCIFY THE M _& N THA' 1 ? WOULD SERVE , THE POOiR . Timkins , I saw the cottages . There aae three large rooms , ' with dresser , cup-boaj / d , and _sideboards , a beautiful range : and stoves in

      the rooms , a back kitchga , dairy , house for two _cowsj stall for pony , room for roots , privy , duck and he » house , and place for four pigs ,, and a walled ' _-in yard with , a gate to it , the best guttering sound , the house-, and a pump in every man ' s , back kitchen ,, and all built of th & b _^ t materials . ' Well , well , Tomkins , I have 'nearly done , just a word ; 1 , 700 / . to Tripp * .- for timber / ¦ Timkins , it is not 1 , 600 ... tot it up , and , Timkins , think of timber , _SIATES , DUTCHESS SLATES , Tim * kins—ah I they dazzle tbeir ' envious eyes—LATHS , Timkins , and TILES for every

      kitchen , Timkins , and all the partitions of timber , and the carriage of all , ten miles , Timkio ' _j . Timkins , you groan . < Tomkins , willyou stand my friend ? ' 'How , Timkins ? ' 'Will you let me have 2 / . on my club note to get one of those cottages and have a share in your bailiff ' s plan ? Why , _Torukins , I couldn ' t build such a cottage for 200 / . '' No , Timkins , a contractor asked our ' . bailiff 248 / . a * _£ house , for finishing them , without the offices , Timkins ' . ' ' Tomkins , hold me the candle and I'll make a blaze of j this lying Mercury . But , Tomkinswill it

      , require 550 / . to locate each occupant , as stated by the Mercury ? ' ' Nonsense , Timkins , nonsense . Doesn't the fellow show you that 100 / . builds the cottage , and ifthe land costs 50 / . an acre 200 / . will locate a two acre man ; 250 / . a three-acre man ; and 300 / . a four-acre man . ' 'Well , but how was the 44 , 000 / . expended in locating eighty and erecting two school houses ? ' 'Why , Timkins , take both balance sheets , that , of 19 th Dec , 1846 , and 4 th Sep ., 1847 , and you will see that the whole amount received o last balance-sheet for Uw «»

      To The Editors Of The « Not Tingham Merc...

      , ejudes . } _mi- _, ytoh _^ p _^^^ im ! fat _^ im » -ead , oi _W / _tand 40 _«^ m _^ _e _^ _berli _j _! 6 th aa ; _A- maJ _^^^ received . - _r _Wi _/ bli _^ _r _^^^ w _iM _^ he _^ get the 7 t _\ O 0 _W _^ r 75 ; ooo _^ _-Why , manHh the _^ _ifirst _balance-sSeefi iheje _^ _^ S _^ __> chaW * t : i _^ jbailiff from _thVtt- _^ _sure _^ ra _^ buW _^ iii * the last _then-m one iterai _^ _? o _^! _ctorgec . ~ y jin ' the same _wajj _, inaking _^' all _^ _^^ _Mil ' charged as paid by Mr Roberte _- ; as _*^ ell _^ al | ipaid for Land ; _itfs-epiite righ # Th * flldn _^ buiX ' _^ the fellow didbft _' _' ' _T _^^;|^^ . _3 _|^^ -: _' - ' : _ilsansy pay attention - _*^ in _^ le ; £ _^ _m _^ u _^^ : _^ : ' i l rJth' of August , _shoiti 6 j i _0 _Ml _^ 0 _^ f _9-ceived _, and on the 16 lft _^^ ' _^ _i'tb _^ iM | _iii . - ihBfluV— ¦ ' _1- _^ . lyy _^ y :, r .. _ih [ : _LondonBank ... y y ... ; _£$ _} 3 _I _^ . :. ' _" _, _tGloatestewbire Bank _^^ -y . v . _> fls _5038 * ,. Half Notes and Bank OtiWkW _^^^ _^ _899- _IPaid-DepoBit on Mathon _^^^ t _^^ tW _^ ' ¦ _' ' ¦' ¦ _' ¦ * Bitto ' onMinster Lovel ; .... ' Md ¦ Jn . Meadow Land and _TSmbar

      , . _^ Lowbands ... ... 1 , 100 ' . _Borsesj Cows , _Implementcs-yCarta - _, _Waggons , and Harness ... 2 _. S 09 ' _tEapenses ; of Registration *' Deed _^ ' and Minster Lovel conv _^ _rance , ¦ aad . © oats of Company ... * f 80 « ' ' £ S 4 _nW 3 ' The funds ef company , o * 16 th Aug ., 3 * J # 8 D 7 S ; deducted from the total amount _received-fronx all sources up to that ( late , _SihOOO ! ., leaves *' 24 j 9 . m Now , Timkin s _^ 4 _, 07 O / . ' is the-sumtotal spent up to 16 th August , and put _ddw-r each sol » ool-house as two « and a half _cottages-, and you have < % hty-five -locutions completed ? for 24 _) _, ft 70 / . ; and now , _Tiiakinsdivide eighty- '

      , five into 24 , 070 / . and you « will find that if is ; shozrt 284 / . for each , and mind , Timkins , _thfcfc _l _incLudes . Herringsgate , with its five-roomed : andfeuJ-roomed houses ,. and a first experi-• ment , and all built of blacks , drawn many . miles , and no system in the beginning /" _v'Tornkfiss , what very ugly CUSTOMEBS ¦ FIGURES ARE !!! _3 ow they do _telE tales and make the Mask ink blush . WhV > ; Tomkii » s , fit ' s exactly _younbailiff ' s calculation /" 'No , no , Timkins , it includes capital paid tc most ofthe occupants , 500 / . or 600 / . worth'of other poperty , not justly , chargeable to _occupants . 'Now , Tomkins , do you believe that

      your bailiff is the only man who understand * the plan ? ' 'Yes , Timkins , I am sure of it , thkt he is the only man who understands it , fr 6 » the purchase ofthe Landito the boiling of the potatoes ; though , you know , all great worksmust be worked in their several details . Thw inventor of the spinning jenny could noty perhaps , weave a piece _oficloth , nor could the * weaver repair the machine , so you see , Timkins , how the great web oSlife is woven by eacb taking his part / ' Now , Tomkins , one wordmore and 1 have done—how do you account for the letter of " the * Rambler ?"—here it is : —

      THE O'CONNOR . ESTATES . TO TBS BDITOB OF THB _HOTTIHOIUH HBBLCOT . V . Sib , —Perceiving that you itake great interest ia Wr O'Connor ' s Land Man , and sn desirous of Riving infor * - matlon to tue public on the _subject , i iaKo mc iu _» .., -, e sending you particulars of a visit I have latterly made Herringsgate , ( O'Connorville . ) Having been on tramp through the country in search ¦> work , I took it into roy ' iead whilst in . LoitdoR that I would visit Herringsgate , or what is styled the O'Connorville Estate ; which step I was led to take in consequence _, of having heard so much fuse and talk about it before ! left home , and thinking , _therefore , that I might get a little _rtork at shoe-mending _jtaiong the occupants . Accordingly , on the let _ofcSoptemW , I set out from London , going by Wntford _. i . _distaufc from _Xondon about fifteen miles . Tbe next morning I set out for Herringsgate , about seven miles from Watford . I reached the O'Connorville Estate between ten and sleren o ' clock _*!* the forenoon .

      The first person ! inquired- for was Taws , or Tors , from Nottingham . When I cams , up to him I asked him if ha _ivere the person that came _« otoffiedt ' ortt workhouse ; bo told me he was : he said ho was sorry he could not ask me tu hare anything to eatf for they lind nothing but a fewpotatoes for themselves to . eat . Tbey had potatoes-to breakfast , dinner , _andsupger ; and that they shoul _& nafc have nearly enow to _servs . tbe _. winter . 1 staid talking _^ _vithhim-for a full hour till they went iato the cottage to get their dinners ; and , to tny great surprise , they had not _sufficient potatoes boiled for their dinners ; they therefore set a few more on the fire ,. to-h _» _boiling while they eat the first lot , for the pan was-toa small to boil enow ut ona _. time ; for they appeared to bave scarcely anything in tha . o » tt » ge , either in the shape of utensils or furniture of any kind . But to pass on , they madfe a very scanty meal of potatoes and salt , " and I am- swe none of them had enough dinner , for they _» U seemad to crave for more , They gav »

      ' me about three potatoes for mine . If I had had any money in my pocket 1 sUo & ld have given tbem gome , but I had not any . I had twa very fine apples in- my pocket and I gave the apples te > them because I saw they could not afford to give me _the-Mt _^ " _^ . _A . to 3 _W _^} W ! _iU _^ " * _i- _^ _4 _^ to find them in quit _? different circumstances , — in tha midst of plenty , according to tlie Star , and what I heard O'Connor say at the _Ettstion . I told him what O'Connor said in ref ' erenca to bin- being so comfortable , and having ; four fat pigs in the _stje _> . and I said what O'Connor did sayabout him it was to . a many thousands of peoplo ; he tola me that O'Connor _toldia many , both in , the Star ani by _tvord of mouth . ; .-ha-also told me tbat . he wished he ? never iiad had anything to hare done with ; it . Ilis wife * and Some Of tlie biggft _6-4 children likewise snid tbat they wished tbey norer ., had come ; and as _forthe four fat pigs , he said , at tbe- time that Feargus O'Connor told _, tbe people of Nottingham , he had but had them twoweeks .

      He showed moAh & _pigs , they were _littlejuns about fourr to five stone each .. I asked him if , ha _.-did not receivo £ 15 " . Then he came tr > the cottage ; he , "aii ~ t no , but he had received £ l 5 altogether , in three , on -four ( 1 wont Say which ) instalments _, and so he corJ _^ _mob aot lay it out to th _^ es t advantage . He said thoy . hadi only had ono poun _. d of butter sines they had been , in : tj » cottage ; nor hm they had any cheese , nor < apy tiling else as a substitute ; and they had lived very ' _hardisinw they had been tbere . Why , said I » when I was _. coming hero I expected to , find you all in the midst of plenty , aad that you would have found me some ' _obsatshoe-mejiding . Aht says h » , O'Connor tells- a many hes . a . _boutAe land and cottages . They all seemed alarmed fer _. the next wintir .

      I _tfcrned _. my , aiiention then to the . Ja . nd . I said why . tfa » landisfull of ; 5 tones . Yes , ho said ,, * but the soil is good , though _Ijbftliewtbis land _» f mills Iras never had anymanuae on ' t _. sinB * the world stood . . I believe things . ware stuck ia _^ _thegti ound anyhow . This land appeared to < ma to bo of _ajigbi sandy nature , but jf never § aw land so fall of . stones _ifr nay life . _TawstoldVmo tbere were many other _incomwaiencies , —a grea _^ deal of tr oubl e to- get water . an . _t _"| coal , which latter _art _^ lo is very dear , andi two ior three mites to go to buy anyihing . I asked bin * ii Mr _'O'Coniipr _. oaae frequently to see them : he saidthebelieved he . hadnot been for _thrw months . I _tookta deal of HOti 5 « . _ofithe potatoes ; tuey . _# ira very small , and mat s » good _. _as-wa-ffet-hereat Nottingham . I went to _tha-next cottage _^ , 5 told the Missus ( _forthe husband was _^ _work > that I | wi » a person from No ' tJingliam , and ent _*« 3 d into > _eonrarsajtron . She said shq , oould not ask ms ... _tohaveand

      anything * to eat ; she showed * me a piece of _ailonf , _saiditbMt was all they had _, tp . serve them the week out . She toldmo tliey came from Manchester . Sha- said sha was winy sorry they ererhod anything to _dft . _'with . tha _LandiSociety , —said they _viere far more _comfaatable _befow-tiwy came ; she ws _* _. very much ala : _msd at the _thoughts of winter ; ha & , sold part of their ,- bailey , and thr . ee , pigs , — she said ' , she wished she was . back at _Mniwhestcr , —there hadjbeen a many lies toldlabout this , _, _p " liflo > ; After a little more _letting about me , I _^ eft the _O'Oonijnonillo estate with th _^ . tihought on my mind : tbat it was a . _iYSiry poor concern . j If you think theso _raraarks worth your notice , they are ¦! very much at your _seywee ; it I had though * to . have given , l ray remarks to yew .- newspaper , I _woiuii have takea _imose _particular _& _oi 49 _A of things . Your humble servant , Nottingham , Sopk 16 . A . Rambler .

      ' Well , Timlfcins , read the _fqflowmg * answer * printed in the . Nottingham Review : —

      THE _AIJUDTTEES AT 0 'COSNORVILLE . IO THE S" _» TOH 9 OI THB N 0 TT _# _J _8 HAK KBTIEW , _Dentnaruti-eet , New _RadfoTid » October 12 th , 181 T . GeiitlemcBk--S * _cing a letter in tlie Memiry , _signed , " -A . Ramblor _/ cor-Aaiiing some reniaiks upon the condition _, of tbe _aUotfcees at _O'Connorvjjie , and amongst , them Charles _"fajwes , who was a mgrflber of this _branch , t thought s _& _ijjs duty t » _inquiveinfco the authentic'twrf ! those remarks , tm » tor that _purposed sent to Mr Whes ) er ( late genera * } secretary to the _Company , but now an , occupant were ) , t _& eJtfer

      O'Qonnorville , _Morrjay Morning . - ¦ " - > ea . r Sir , —I only read ) your _newspaper , on Saturday night , and had previous ) - ; seen the articl _e ulluded to in a , _ijncoln paper , but wis _, _zw 4 aware it was . _thq same . Ihava spoken to Tawes on ths subject ; ho sr _# 8 . that " a *> ha » received six or seven _letters _rcla'ive thr _^ etp . It is true , he says , that such a mau , tailed upon _hi-jft , ; also that ho bad only potatoes for _difljBe-r _, and tht _tfoey boiltd theia at twice , tho pot being too sn . a . 11 . P * lg also truo that hs , left an apple on t )) je shelf , but aga _' j _\ st , thoir wish . Tiv « oa ' explanation is ai $ _bl " o \ vs ;—He s * _yjj he had bu ' , potatoes lor dinner ; 1 h _^ ye . sometimes _) ; tt , d the same * , but it bas been owing to eur- being out o _^ meat , a-d tt o busy to go to llickmanswovlh to gst ar _^ . This I be , iCve was the case with _Twes ; but'SYhere _yjni hawar . _ubuudauce of fresh , fine vegetables , the _ntaessity form _« tls not always tne

      SO great ; _Wday , thoug h * r , had _plMit ' , of meat cm table , I d | c 2 not touch it , _living pl »» t ' of beautiful _caullflowors--ane measuring _thitf-y-wx mchos in eircuuife . rence-the produce of iay _ovta 9 _. lotment . Tawes has plenty of pots or _kettles to _boU pr , iatoes , but being busy getting in his barley * and _wowi flreB requiring consider _, able attention , they * _nly P _»> w . a small pot . as it would fit ia the grate better , _andftifj boiled what they thuught tobe a 8 Tuany potatoes as thoy could eat , and from the appearance of the wife a _' . id children , I should ray that they aTe far from being _io / a starving condition . It i _* true that he received his mor ey in three payments , two six pounds and one three . - pounds . It is also true that iuithfir Mr O'Connor net the directors have been to visit ui for same months ; V ; ut their presence Is not necessary , ' _novt tt * a . i tbjo filiate ig completed . . f Continued to the Fifth _Toge . _)

      ¦:. - -A--^Sy--*':Vyy :;¦ , ,- .Ryy- '' ...

      :. - _-A-- _^ _sy-- _* _' : vyy : ;¦ , _,- . _ryy- '' ¦ _""•^•' y / _-y ¦¦ - ¦'¦¦' - _- : - ¦ ' ¦ '¦> ' '" _it _^^* - ¦ " > _j _^ _>^^ - '• _- '''' ' _^ _" _vi _^ _v- " ' ¦ '¦' ¦ : ' _- - _^^ _r ' - '• ''¦ . "• ¦ ¦ ''""' - ' - ' ' _^" _- ' ¦ ""'''¦' - _'" -f-s _^^^ v _^

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 23, 1847, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_23101847/page/1/