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Northern Star (1837-1852), 23rd August 1845, Edition 3 of 4, Page 4

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    • RICHABDSOX,. MANUFACTURING CUTLER,
    • ArpAixixf} Acoidest. — On Tuesday evening a most appalling- event happened on board the Moon-
    • IHE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY. AUGUST 23, 1545.
  • Adverts (15)
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      < -The.-Ffi^ ^ ;_ ;A?^.".I- 2 -^ 1 - 8 ^...

      < -THE _.-ffi _^ _^ ;_ ; _A _?^ _. _" _. i- - _^ - _^ _y '

      Richabdsox,. Manufacturing Cutler,

      RICHABDSOX ,. MANUFACTURING CUTLER ,

      Ad00405

      ESTABLISHED 1 S 05 , Sear the Church , Kensington . GARDENERS' Pruning , Grafthuj , and Building KnWes in Sheath , ls . Cd . each ; shut ditto , 3 s . each . "These knives are made of the best materials ; I al . _¦^ _a-rs u se them . "—IT * the late Win . _Cohbett in Jus Bag _Uti Gardener . Bakes , Hoe « , and Gardening Tools of every desenption . Jest made _ItaroTS , Black Handles , Cs . the case , or Ss . eich ; mounted in Ivory and Silver ditto , 10 s . the case , or _* s . _each _- , Good Black Handled Knives and Forks , ? 2 s . Tier Dozen ; Ivory Handled Ditto equally reasonable . JtlCnAEDiOJi ' * _XSWLT-INVEKTED KMFE BOABDS , _VSrlactctl to icep knives with a good eaxe and -clean , and also to give th _« forks n fine polish between the _prongs . _Three-f » ot Boards , cased with Leather and _Cntlors' Ccnn--nogdon . Ss . 6 d . each ; Gardeners' Ditto , 2 s . By enclosing _» _PastJufnee order prompt attention may bo relied on . <; oods sent to any psrt of the world . 5 . B . _"HVholfcfalc and ItctaiL

      Ad00406

      COALS . PROVIDE FOR WINTER . PROVIDENT FAMILIES , _siibjcrihing _li . per weelt to Ihe Metropolitan Coal Company ' _s Shilling Club , can _« btain four half ton * annually , without further charge , ikies , & c . Tlie Company ' s price current is , Best Screened Wallsend , Ss- per fid ! ton ; Seconds , 21 _s „ 22 s ., _zudSis ; Coke , ] 7 s . Cd-Office . 279 , High Holborn .

      Ad00407

      CHEAP , _ElEGAKT , _AT 3 D EXP 3 _DXTI 0 U 3 PRINTING . COMMITTEES , _Ksnagers of Exhibitions , Coneerirooms , Theatre . * , 1 _' enentSocieties , and _jiuhlic bodies _generally , will find it much to tlieir advantage to give their orders to T . STUTTER , ' 3 nml 4 , Cfcurch-row , Bethnal-grcen , Loudon . Cards , ls . per hundred ; Handtills , by taking twenty thousand , 2 s . per thousand ; _Post-Ti _£ -bills , 5 s . per hundred . Orders from this country , _containing a remittance , promptly attended to . Goods celivercd within five miles of London . Give your orders to T . Stutter , 3 and 4 , Church-row , Bethnnl-sreen , and save at lcast fifty per cent .

      Ad00408

      A HINT TO TIIE ECONOMICAL . Thing per cent , sattd . AJJL Persons who wish to save their monor , will juirchase their HATS at DUXN'S _MANUFACTORY , 52 , _Chiswell-slrett , Finslrary , where tbcr » is only one _j-rofit from the maker ' s hand to tha wearer ' s head . Siifc Hats from 2 s . 3 d ., Heaver ditto from Ss . Cd . All goods _-warranted to he raa . de irom the best materials .

      Ad00409

      LIGHT , VENTILATING , FLEXIBLE VELVET HATS , 13 s . _PEUMXG'S Patent Tentilating , Flexible Hate may be obtained iu Beaver , Silk , and Velvet , from Ss . Gd . to 21 s ., in upwards of one hundred different shapes , to suit _contour . Also the best Livery Hats at lCs . ; Youths' and Gentlemen ' s Hats and Caps of every description . —CECIL BOUSE , 85 , Strand , and 251 , P . cgent-strcct . t _3 _? Copy thc address , and buy where you can be well used .

      Ad00410

      GENUINE TEAS AND COFFEES FOR THE MILLION . The cheapest place in London for Teas and Coffees is at the 'Warehouse , 24 and 25 , Regent Street , Westminster , near the _Yauxhall Bridge Road . rr _< HE Proprietor , E . "WARMIXGTOX , takes this oppor . JL tunitj to return thanks for the liberal support he has received since he opened the above premises ; and to those _tvLo liavcnot yet favoured him witli thcirpatronage , E . W . _anost strongly solicits a trial , feeling assured that the ar-¦ Udes sold at the warehouse , both in price and quality , -vsfll give universal satisfaction . Goods in any quantity sent free to all parts of London and the suburbs ; and -persons in the country , by remitting a Post-office order , Trill find their instrr . ctiens faithfully attended to . LIST OF PRICES . ElaclcZTecs . s . _di s . d .

      Ad00411

      KOTICE TO _EHIffKASTS . THE Undersigned continue to _engage Passengers for First-Class Fast-Sailing AMERICAN 'PACKET SHITS , whica average from 1 O 0 O to 1300 Tons , for the _following Ports . vi » . : — HEW YORK , I BOSTON ' , PHILADELPHIA , XEV 7 ORLEANS , _BALTIMORE , | BRITISH AMERICA , & c . Emigrants in tha country ca . * engage passage by letter addressed as underneath ; 3 m Trb-ch case the _; need not be inlaverpooluntil the day before the Ship is to sail ; and 1 facy will thereby avoid detention and other expenses , besides securing a tlittptr passage , and having the best iwrtli * allotted to tiiem previous to their arrivaL For ifcrther particulars apply , } wt-paid , to JAMES _BSCKETT & SON . North End Prince's Dock , Liverpool

      Ad00412

      TO THE WORKING CLASSES . IMPORTANT TESTIMONIAL . •¦ We are always gratified in noticing tlie laudable exertions of the industrious and provident among our fellow-labourers in the social vineyard , to avert from themselves and families , as far as human _foresightuiay do , thc calamities attendant upon an old age of destitution , or a period of wearisome inactivity and _uscless--cess , througli sickness or accident ; and we will venture to say , that up to the extreme limit of what is called the . middle class of society , there is no method so likely to attain tlie object as the institution of securely based and judiciously regulated Benefit Societies . Ouratteniion was some time since called to the subject by the _jiroceedings of one accordant with our views , enrolled under the title of « TIIE ROYAL OAK BENEFIT SOCIETY , ' and established at tlie Mitre Tavern , St . _Jiartin ' s-liiic . The advantages proposed to the mein"bers appear to be calculated npon a scale of liberality —that requires and deserves _extensive support . From -the result of our examination of their rales , and tlie satisfactory explanations given as regards their practical operations , we do not now hesitate to recommend the society to every industrious and prudent man as liiglily deserving attention , whether viewed witli _leference to its immediate or its prospective advantages . "Weekly _Cltronkle , March , 1 S 38 .

      Ad00413

      In the Press , and wiU be published at the lotto end of September , THE POOR MAX'S COMPANION : or , Political Almanack for IMS . By _. _losnui _Hossejj . This year ' s number of thc popular Chartist Annual will contain a fail , history , —aud solution of the H _; st _« ry , _—oi Pf . per Money , thc National Debt , and overwhelming taxation ; together with an oxposcre of the fraud intended by those who 6 cek for a new and unlimited issue of Paper Money . The justice and reasonableness of Equitable Adjcfthest over all other schemes of _Jfonftary Reform , trill also be made apparent , Thc Companion will be published by the usual publishers .

      Ad00414

      COLOSSEUM . PATRONI SED and visitbd by her Most Gracious MAJE 3 TY and kis Royal Highness Prince ALBERT . OPEN DAILY . from Ten till Six . Pronounced by the Press , and confirmed by every visitor to be the mn .- > t perfect triumph of Art in its various branches , both by Bay and -Night , that has ever bceu arluevcd . Eipial to sis _cvliibitioiis . Tlie Glyptothcra , containing works of thu . first artists ; Mont Bhnic and Mountain Torrents , Superb Conservatories , Gothic Aviary , Classic Ruins and Fountains , ' -Panorama . of London , re-painted hy Mr . _Tarris , ie . Admittance , i » . Children , half-price . Tlie _StaUctito Caverns , the most magnificent , of all . the . temples which nature has built for herself in the regions of _night , Is . extra , EVENING EXHIBITION , Open from Eight till Eleven , consists of an entirely new panorama of London by night , erected in front ofthe day picture , the largest iu the world , comprising 40 , 000 square feet , projected and carried out by Mr . W . Bradwell , and painted hy Mr . Dur . son aud Mr . Tclbin . Thc Caverns , Mont Blanc , and Torrent l » y night , the Glyptothcca and refreshment saloon , brilliantly illuminated , _forming a promenade perfectly unique . The whole exhibition designed by Mr . Bradwell . Admission at the door 5 s . each . Family tickets to admit four persons , at is . each , to bc had at the North Lodge , Colosseum , from Ten to Six ; and at all thc principal Librari _-1 and Musicsillcrs .

      Ad00415

      THE variable state of the WEATHER has produced the numerous cases of low fever nud debility existing at present , nnd is a sure indication of habitual costiveness caused generally hy want of care Li attending to the state ofthe _digestive visceral organs . Tho only real remedy in such cases is LORD ELDOK'S APERIENT PILLS , which hare been the means of positive cure to many _thousands ; thoy are peculiarly adapted for persons of both sexes who are of sedentary habits , they arc _patronised by the nobility and gentry , ar . dara the mildest and most efficacious medicine extant . Sold in boxes at ls . Hd ., 2 s . 9 d ., and 4 s . Gd ., by Mcssrs . Barclay and Co ., 95 , Farrinsdon-strcet ; Sutton sad Co ., IO . How ' . Church-yard ; Newbury , 45 , and Edwards , 05 , St . Paul ' s ; Sanger . 150 , Oxford-street ; and by all _resectable Druggists aud Medicine Tenders in the kingdom ; nud wholesale at 13 , Great St . Thomas Apostle , London . TEST 1 S 10 SI . 1 I . TO _LOItD ELDOS ' s MILS . Si ? . —I have Kiusjected to a careful chemical analysis the Pills prepared by you , and find them to consist of effectual bnt safe aperients without any mercurial prcu & vation whatever . Yours . & c ., A . UUE , M . D ., F . R . S . 13 , Charlotte-street , Bedford-square , London .

      Ad00416

      The many thousands who cannot write , and aro anxious to learn , hut have no opportunities of getting instruction from a writing master , cut now TEACH THEMSELVES by _WIGHTMAX'S SELF-INSTRUCTING COPYBOOKS , each containing forty pages of large post . No . 1 contains strokes , pothooks , hangers , tho partial formation of all the letters in the alphabet , and the alphabet complete . No . 2 , joined letters , capitals , and figures . No . S , copies of text hand , round baud , and small hand . No . 4 , copies of single , or running hand . Price Sixpence each . Also Wightman ' s Universal Copy-Book , ruled any hand , nnd containing forty pages of good smooth paper , with new and complete Arithmetical Tables on the cover , Threepence each . Order them of your newsman , bookseller , or stationer . WIGIITMAN , Manufacturing Stationer and Writing Ink Maker , 17 and 18 , Douglas-street , _Yinceiit-square , Westminster . Country Dealers and the Trade supplied at the manufacturing prices _. Fob Case .

      Ad00417

      IMPORTANT TO TAILORS . Just pnblislied , price 3 s . fid ., the Fourth Edition of THE TAILOR'S DIRECTORY . . ' Containing anew system of Cutting all kinds of Coats , Vests , Trousers , Breeches . Gaiters , Youths' Dresses , ic , Cloaks , Capes , Habits , Box Coats , & c , with upwards of thirty figures illustrative of the same ; to which is added a complete Practical Treatise on the Art _of-Uaking up . By W . _Alkxan'DEB , late Practical Cutter in Paris , who warrants this to be his true and secret system . London : 3 . Gladdiug , 20 , City-road , opposite Bunhillfields . N . B . —Tho above Work can be Bent free per post , upon the remittance to the publisher of forty-six postage stamps .

      Ad00418

      TO THE SOCIAL REFORMERS AND TRADES UNIONISTS OF GREAT BRITAIN , CONTINENTAL EUROPE , AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA . ROBERT OWEN , Founder of the Rational System of Society , haviDg taken hack the Copyright of his Weekly Journal , entitled the "NEW MORAL WORLD , " in consequence of certain alterations caused by the present position of the HARMONY HALL Experiment , has entrusted the Editorship thereof to MR . GEORGE ALEXANDER FLEMING , who has conducted the said paper for upwards of eight years , smd whose extensive experience aud long-triad services in the cause of Social Reform are confidently referred to as entitling him to the support of all who desire the Emancipation of tlie Labouring Classes . The "SEW MORAL WORLD" is Published weekly , Trice Twopence , and advocates Social , Moral , and Educational Changes for the benefit of all sects nnd classes in a Catholic and Unsectarian Spirit . Arrange meats have been made for imparting Variety and Iuterest to its Columns . Watson , No . 5 , Paul ' s-alley , Pntcrnostcr-row ; Cleave , Shoe-lane , London ; Hey wood , Oldham-strect _, Manchester ; Fraucc and Co ., Newcastle ; Robinson and Co ., Edinburgh ; and aR Ncwsvcnders .

      Ad00419

      JUST PUBLISHED , In one volume , foolscap Sro ., neat cloth , price 7 s , Gd ,, THE PURGATORY OF SUICIDES A Prison Rhymo ; in Ten Books : BY THOMAS COOPER THE CHARTIST . J . How , Publisher , 132 , Fleet-street . £ 2 * Orders from the Country to be sent through the Booksellers .

      Arpaixixf} Acoidest. — On Tuesday Evening A Most Appalling- Event Happened On Board The Moon-

      _ArpAixixf } _Acoidest . — On Tuesday evening a most appalling- event happened on board the Moon-

      Shine Steamer, Avhich Runs From London-B...

      shine steamer , Avhich runs from London-bridge to Chelsea , resulting , there is too much reason to fear , from the carelessness of those who had the management of the boat . Thc vessel had reached Hungcrford-briuge , from which place she was about to start when the accident took place . Thc captain had given word to go on a-head , when loud cries issued from that part of the vessel to let go the rope Avhich fastened her to another about leaving tiic pier for London-bridge . No one , however , attended to thc call . The boats being set in motion by the engines , went on as far as the rope would allow them ; and the result was , that a youth seated in the hows ofthe vessel , with his feet on the pile of the rope , was caught in its folds , and the two boats were not released until the rope had completely severed one of the poor fellow ' s legs from his body , and broken the other'in two places .

      Slngulak axd Fatal Accident . —On Wednesday an inquest was held before Mr . Thomas Wakley , M . P ., atthe Shakespeare ' s Head , Perceval-street , Clerkemvell , on the body of Alfred Styles , an infant , eleven months old , who came by his death under the following singular circumstances : —It appeared from the evidence , that the father of the deceased is a joint finisher , and on Monday morning last , in order to keep thechijd out ofthe way , it was put to sleep in tic parlour , its bed being formed by two pillows and two _chaii-s . The child remaining quiet for some tme the servant girl entered thc room , and was _orror-struck at finding that during her absence the

      child had awakened , and in moving about its bodyhad slipped through thc back rails ofthe chair , and had become suspended by the back of the head and chin , bcingjammed between the bars . Assistance was immediately procured , and Mr . Todd , a medical man , was called in . lie at once opened _thejugular vein , from which the blood flowed freely ; but the child was quite dead . The coroner commented on the singular nature of thc accident , and remarked that no blame appeared to be attached to any person , as children were often left alone in a similar manner without any accident occurring . Thejury returned a , verdict of " Accidental death . "

      ! Fatal Accident on _Rnrcnxixa from _Babxet Races . —On Tuesday last Mr . Henry Bromley , tlie landlord of the Brecknock Arms Tavern , New Camden Town , proceeded on horseback in the morning to Earnct races . On arriving at Holloway , on his return , his horse shied on turning an angle in the road , and became restive , darting forward , when Mr . B . was dislodged from his seat , and fell over its lieadon to some granite stone ? . Assistance was immediately rendered , and the deceased carried to a surgeon in the neighbourhood , where he was found to be frightfully cut and braised , r . nd to have _s ustained such severe interne ! injury as to cause his death very shortly afterwards . Thebody was subsequently _conyeycdjiome , to await a coroner s iiwuest .

      Co-Operative Land'society. I Hereby Dire...

      CO-OPERATIVE LAND'SOCIETY . I hereby direct that nil monies payable tome , as treasurer to ihe Chiirtist Co-operativo Lund Fund , must be transmitted as _follotvs : —Eithorby Bank order or Post-offioe oriJer , to the "care of . reargue O'Connor , Esq ., 310 Str ? _dd , London ; " _andj-xywolc _tonm , " Y 7 , P . _Kobcrtc . " That is , that my signature shall be required to each _ej-dcr . This direction is plain . For instance , say feat Edward llobson , of Ashton . lias HO to transmit ; 5 : eis to transmit the same to ' _-Hr . O'Connor , by Haul ; fetter or l ' ost-omee order , madey _^ iyaUcto W . P _. _Foberts That order I cau sign when T go t « Loudon , or . when n parcel of them are sent to me . TUo two only things required to secure the triumpliof Labour ' s battle aro , union _amonjj thc working-cla _^ _ser _, and undeviatinj _, ' honesty and puuctualitv on the part of those who have

      the management of their affairs . I therefore nunnt this plan , that we may have upon each other as many salutary checks - as passible . 'This is advisable . us much for our _otvn mutual s : Uisl ' : ic ; irMi , us for the _satisfaction of the subscribers . 1 therefore request that these plain and _sioipla instructions maybe punctually _atterideil to in all cases . To save additional postage , each letter containing a money order , may also eoiit . _'iin a list of thc respective sums , and aH other information necessary for the general secretary , Mr . 'ft'hceler , to have- ; which letter Mr . O'Connor will duly forward to him . This cone , there can he no _puzzle about the accounts .

      W . 1 * . _Itor-Ews , T _reasurer . All orders should be made payable at ISO , Strand , London . —W . P . 11 . fThe above mods has been , adapted at my _suggestion , in consequence of the endless trouble I have hud , owing to some parties sending _tiw Post-office orders payable to my order ; " and some to Jir . Roberts' order . Ob-Ecivnnce of thc above very simple rule will insure uniformity , satisfaction ,, nud . protection . There is a difficulty at the branch _Il _' _ost-oflu-cs about getting monies , when the orders are not signed by the persons to whom tlicy are made payable , _Feakcl's O'CeKXOn . ]

      Ihe Northern Star Saturday. August 23, 1545.

      IHE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY . AUGUST 23 , 1545 .

      Tiie Rock A-Iiead! What Will "Speculatio...

      TIIE ROCK A-IIEAD ! WHAT WILL "SPECULATION" DO FOR U 3 ? Wfi offer no _apology for returning to the question ef Railway speculation . The extent to which this has gone , and the tremendous consequences involved in tho reaction sure to follow , render the subject all-important—one that ought to . be made familiar to all concerned—examined in all its _bearings—that the people may be prepared to meet the _comiajj evil in tho best manner possible . It is our purpose , on the present occasion , to show that past « xpcriciice does not warrant tlie high expectations of " benefit" indulged in by the projectors ofthe numerous lines of Railway , ' with which thov

      have proposed lo intersect the United Kingdom ; that */ io return for former expenditures of capital has not been such as to warrant other similar expenditures , unless in certain special cases , if rc » iM . _ierotion to the subscribers is to bc hoped for ; and that the prices which Railway Shares , both of existing and projected lines , have lately "fetched" in the " market , " arc artificial and forced—such as cannot survive the furor of the present- speculative mania , but must come tumbling down faster than they went up , thc moment tho reaction commences , to the utter ruin of thousands , thc derangement of the " money market" generally , and the _consequent paralysaiion of all industrial _onerations .

      The dreams that have been indulged in , by those whose minds have been seized by the MAD desire to become rich without labouring for riches , have been romantic indeed ! Looking at some four or five of the existing Vines of railways , where favourable situation and absence of competition have caused them to pat well , and , as a consequence , to legitimately en * hancc thc price of shares ; looking at these few e . vccptions to the general rule applicable to thc whole amount of present Railway investments , the raw speculator came to thc conclusion that he had only to subscribe his money for the making of a thing called a Railway , and that the result would be a certain DOUBLING OF ITS VALUE at once , as certainly

      as that "London and Birminghams" arc at £ 22-5 . It is this desire ; this hope to obtain riches without labour ; this endeavour to become possessed of wealth without giving an equivalent for it : it is this desire that is at thc bottom of all tho gambling , vrc have seen , and all the bitter consequences wc are about to endure . And what foundation ' is there for such extravagant expectations ? What aro tho facts , as developed on former occasions , from former similar applications of capital , on which to ground such wild hopes ? Hcak the _axsivkk ! Hear it , from the mouth

      of Lord Brougham , uttered as a learning some short time before the c _' . osingof the session . Hear it ; anil then judge of the prudence and wisdom of those who have risked their all ou the venture of " realising" a "fortune" in no time ! Hear it , and obtain some idea , as to fhe probable return for thc immense amount of capital now in course of " investment . " To warn thc reckless speculators , and co impart t them a knowledge of former results , Lord _Buougiiam strung together a number of striking and startling facts , in manner following : —

      It the Government and the Legislature would take a more extensive and systematic view of these speculations , it vvould have the effect of clicokiiv , ; some ol them , ot preventing thc completion of others , and , it might be , stopping some which had been already adopted . He should not grieve at this , for ha iviis fully persuaded that they went too far , and thai before many months were over their heads a _nEACiio . v would take fuck , and that more or less ravaging and sweeping effects would occur to the commercial and monetary

      interests of the country . Ho had done his dut y by addressing them in that place ; ho held it to be equally the duty of all good citizens having the means of addressing _^ others to avail themselves of those means ; and it was especially the duty of those in whose ham ' s was the public press of this country , hy which he meant the newspaper and periodical press , for every press was public—lie held it to be their duty as well as his own , to give timely and effectual teaming to thc community , and above all , to protect the

      8 _AFETT OF INDIVIDUALS FKOM TIIE _FISENZV OF _SFKCUIATI 0 X , WUICII WAS DItlVlXG MEN TO DESTRUCTION . He must refer to the report of the committee of the other house as an especial warning to those persons who embarked a few hundreds ov _thousands ' , scraped together , perhaps , as the result of a long life , or possibly the saving of penurious and sober habits for half a life or more , which might be drawing to a close , when those means would be required as a provision for near and dear relations ; it was his ditty to refer to this , as a warning to those who were risking their ruin on the assurance that thc projectors told the truth , even if they could tell the truth , for they were often as much deceived as others iu their sanguine

      expectations . Let them , listen , and sec what had been the results of speculations in railway chares . If in 1810 , or in 1 S 37 or 1 SGS ; orstill more , if 10 years prior to that period , any parties had been told that they would not make enormous fortunes by buying shares , they would have turned a deaf ear . They then talkcd , notof 5 , C , or 7 per cent ., —but never less than io oi' 20 _j > cre _« _Ht . would lethe result of every speculation in shares . YfuAT was tiik pact ? By the returns before them , they had thc average per ccntagc on the £ 32 , 000 , 000 worth of shares at the ori ginal price , though as many as had been bought at a premium , thc amount invested , instead of being .- £ 32 , 000 , 000 , would , in ail probability , be £ 42 . 000 . 000 . But the

      average profit now received for these £ 32 , 000 , 000 , not ofthe lines that had failed , but of those that had succeeded , — fov lie had left out some who did not pay any dividend at all , —was , —not 20 per cent , nor 13 per cent . ; and it would formerl y have been difficult to have brought down expectation so low ; it would have been called so shabby an interest that it would not be worth a gentleman or gentlewoman ' s consideration—no such thing ; but o \ per cent , was the average profit per cent , of the whole £ 32 , 000 , 000 . That was tiik average of the whole . But suppose these unfortunate persons had taken part of £ 10 , 000 , 000 of these , the interest would not have been of , but less than 5 per cent . ; less interest

      than the parties could have made- by lending their money to good bill brokers , or by investment in small mortgages of £ 500 , if they had paid a premium . Suppose they had taken part in £ 0 , 500 , 000 out oi the £ 10 , 000 , 000 , they would have got less than 3 per cent , j less than they could get by investment in the 3 per Cent . Consolidated Bank Annuities . Nay , they might have gone to a lower scale still . If any one had -ventured to say , that in somo ofthe railways the profits on these speculations would be under 2 per cent ., lie believed that he would have been met with the contempt of thc men and with the hysterics

      of the women ; yet £ 2 , 000 , 000 had paid less than 2 percent . ; and , if the premiums were deducted , less still , and this after running- all risks of not being paid at all ! lie had looked through the returns , and found , that on the _stoch of 12 railroads no dividend laid been paid ; and on 12 others that the dividend had been only £ 1 lis . Od . per cent . There had been £ -12 , 000 , 000 paid up . When thc sharejobbers asked a maiden lady or a widow lady for her £ 5 , 000 or £ 0 , 000 , or when the poor clergyman , " who bad saved this sum to keep his daughters from the necessity of seeking _tituationa after his death , was applied to , these railway jobbers-speculators , he

      meant—gave the most flourishing accounts ; they saidthat rlicre would never he mcru than £ per cent _, called rbr—that was one of their 'baits—or at the outsideW per cent . ; and that the ' shares-would get up , and so enable thc parties t * sell out , and double _theiiMi-oney , and bsrich for all the rest « f-their lives . Instead of having liad to pay up 10 per cent , they bad in most instances _paiii 100 per cent . Of thc &! 8 fi 8 Q , Q &) paid _tiium wkke £ ' - ' 5 , 500 , 000 which WOULD NOW SELL Foil _CONSIDERABLY LESS THAN AT

      TKK _fflME WHEN' THE fil _/ _'MS WEKK _rlMlfl . £ 0 , 000 , 000 _out-of the £ 42 , 000 , 000 would sell for one-half what was paid , and £ 2 , 000 , 000 for one quarter ; so that _TliJi _I'AKTV "' WOULD ' ¦ OS 1 . Y _CE'X £ Ui A TBA 11 FOIt JUS £ J , 000 , _ixsTKAD'of £ 10 , which'he might have procured iu the Three per Cent . Consols . All that was necessary was an honest and cunseiontious warning to his fcl : _off-cit-ii _£ cns , especially to those who were not-wallowing in wealth , against indulging in this furor ot' . speculation .

      i ' liBUE 1 There arc crumbs ' of eomfort for those who have risked all thoy possessed , in the vain hope f " realisingat least 20 per cent . ! " Let them look the facts above set forth fairly in . the face—let them consider on them , and ask themselves if they were justified in _secrking the golden needle in mh a bottle of hay ! ¦ There is amthcr mode of putting this question , as to thc probability of profit from tho contemplated investment of such au ' amount -of capital ; a mode happily adopted by the _Spcetatvr _, whose remarks we subjoin . ' " ' Thoy boar intimately ou tlie branch of the subject now under consideration , as the reader will find . Let the most sanguine " speculator"' s ; iy , whether he dare even to hope that the result herein set forth , as necessary to pay him even the . ordinary per _centiige , can ever _^ _be realised ? Tlie Spectator

      says : — On a' moderate estimate , the railways already in existence and to be executed may be taken to cost ... £ 150 , 000 , 000 ' . Hie gross profit on that capita ! , at S percent ., would be 12 , 000 , 000 From which u deduction of 85 per cent , for expenses ( tho lowest expenditure of any _hu- _^ o company ) would amount to ... 2 . 4 . 200 , 000 Leaving the net _pvalit of ... ... 7 , 800 , 000 or not quite 5 | per cent , upon the capital . In otber words , to afford thc shurdwlders in aU our completed and projected railways a return of rctther less than 5 \ per cent , upon their outlay , tlk public wiift ammatly expend £ 12 , 000 , 000 , in railway _tntvel-Unq alone !!

      Thc word " million" comes glibly from the tongue , but conveys no tangible image to the mind . Au effort is required to realise to the imagination the magnitude of the sum which must be annually spent on railway travelling to yield our speculators a moderate _profit on their capital . Let any one attempt distinctly and articulately to count aloud from one to a million ; he will find it hard work to enunciate on thc average one thousand numbers in the hour , and Avould consequently require 100 days for ten hours a day to count the million . The mechanical operation of telling over a million of sovereigns piece by _picc-i would occupy a full month , at tho rate of

      3 , 600 an hour for ten hours a day . The joint earnings of 1 , ' _S-UO agricultural labourers with their 7 s . a wuckTor thirty years each , not a working-day left out , would be less than a million of pounds sterling . The joint earnings of 0-10 mechanics at 20 s . a week , toiling each as unremittingly during tho same period , would not amount to a million of pounds sterling . Tbe pay of ninety British general officers at £ 1 a day , would not in thirty years amount to a million of pounds sterling . So much of toil , and danger , and exposure to the elements—so much of patient , persevering , and more or loss skilful industry—so much of valour , and accomplishment , and high spirit , as represented by money—may be bought for a million of pounds sterling . "

      And our railway projectors andspeeuhtors calculate _itpoii drawing twelve of these millions annually from the pockets of the public . In other words , they expect that 12 , 000 , 000 of people—half the population of the three _kingdoms , men , women , and children ( at lid . per mile)—will each travel 100 miles by railway every year , and pay them 20 s . ahead . Or they " expect that 1 , 000 , 000 people will travel 1 , 020 miles each in the course of the year , and pay thorn £ 12 a head . Or they expect that 120 , 000 people will each travel 10 , 000 miles by railway every year , and pay them £ 100 per head . Beit remembered , too , that , railway travelling constitutes but a fraction of tho whole annual travelling of the nation . Our railways existent and in projection , embraco not one-half of the surface and population of Great Britain ; and even

      in the railway districts there is active competition from steam-boats , omnibuses , cabs , vans spring-cart ;? , ifec . The steam-boats of the Thames and thc Clyde carry more passengers than tho Greenwich , Blackwall , and Glasgow " and Greenock railways . In the great towns , not only the wealthier classes as a budge _jjf station and for amenity , bat tradesmen for professional purposes keep vehicles which when travellingon business or for pleasure they from sheer economy generally employ in preference to other modes of conveyance . Iu the rural districts , landowners and fanners do thc same . Again , the price of a railwayticket is only part of the outlay of the railway-traveller on conveyances . In most eases it implies the additional expense of short stage , cab , or bus , to convey him to and from the railway , or from one railway lo another .-

      Our sanguine projectors and speculators pay little liccd to these considerations ; though the brokers , who are agents in the transfer of shares , often ask each other in wonderment , where all the travellers are to come from ? Put the question to any dabbler in railway stock , and he replies with an "Oh , with tlie increase of locomotive facilities travelling will increase indefinitely . " ' It may be so : hitherto the theory has held good ; yet there must bc some natural limit to the activity of tho principle . Men do not travel for travelling sake , but on business or for pleasure—to earn money , or to spend it ; and what possible facility will set men in motion where these motives are wanting ? The enormous amount of

      money invested in railways would seem to imply that some classes of Englishmen arc expected to live on railways , as some classes of Chinese live on their canals ! To render those undertakings remunerative , a numerous portion of society would need , like the fabled birds of paradise , to keep always on the wing —to spend their lives darting from town to town with the velocity of swallows in a summer evening . The boldness and _extent of these aggregate undertakings convey a magnificent idea , ofthe resources and enterprise of Britain ; bnt their very maguitudc lies like a load on the imagination , while the incessant restlessness and swift movements tlicy presuppose in such a numerous class of thc community make the head giddy only to think of .

      Need there be another word said ? Is not the adducing of fact as to the return for former " investment , " and the clear setting forth of the extent of travelling necessary to yield tlie income the present investments will call for to " realise" only in accord _, ancc with the formor ones , _Kulficient to show that the day-dreams of the reckless and the uninformed arc incapable . of ' realisation ? If it will require £ 12 , 000 , 000 to bo expended annually by the people of these three kingdoms , in Railway travelling alone , to yield the " investors" five per cent ., is it at all likely that thoy will ever touch the contemplated fifteen or twenty per cent . ? Thc fact is , that two-thirds of the schemes arc mere BUBBLES ! The projectors

      of them never intend to construct the lines , nor even to seek for power to do so . They see thc mania for becoming rich through gambling thoroughly set in . 1 hey take advantage of that spirit ; and put forth all sorts of projects , —some of them as wild as an attempt to colonise the moon . No matter . The public mind Is in no condition to inquire . It runs madly after every bubble that is blown . No sooner is the most unlikely scheme named , than hosts of applications for " shares" shower in on the self-constituted Directory . Tha deposits arc paid . These the Directors "fob ;" _exiicnd them in surveys , plans , buyiug down opposition , and in lawyers' charges . Meantime the shares arc in the market . Tho reckless desire on the part of the " traffickers" to " do business , " that they may realize their"fortunes , " induces them to dabble in everything that comes to hand . The unnatural

      amount of business thus transacted forces up the prices of all shares in the market . In a rising market somebody will pocket money . To get their share of this , others flock in , and buy , and buy , and sell , and sell away . Prices again go up ; and so on , until the reverse comes—when down they go—and the unfortunate " holders " at the lime . sustain the loss ! Amidst the woe and wailing everywhere abounding , the projected " lines" are forgotten—suffered to drop out of recollection . The Directory have " spent " the deposits ; they have nothing : to go to Parliament with ; the shares are at a discount in thc market : and thus thc BUBBLE ends , as far as the Directory and the poor fleeced " holders" are concerned : but the evil resulting from the general state of tilings , of which this is but a singled-out sample , arc left to bc grappled with by the nation at large !

      _AV hat those results arc likel y to be , even undei the most favourable of circumstances , may be inferret ! from the following article , extracted from a

      laic number ofthe Globe . It contains the best reasoning oa the subject that wo have yet seen . It will he well if it ? iat reasoning has Us _«( Fect on the minds of those who can do something to mitigate the evils now sups to conic . To talk of preventing them would be felly . We have advanced too far for tkat . But sonic-thing may bc done , and much loo , to break the force _< of the "blow to confidence" that must bc endured . Acts for a considerable number of lines are obtained . The contracts on a good number of thein are already let . The land has to be paid for . The works have to bc executed . Thc calls must be ¦ made . Those calls cannot be honoured by the major portion of the present '' holders . " To get clear , they must nil . So many sellers will tumble down the price ! This will alarm'others . Afore sellers ; less price ; premium gone !; shares at a discount ; banks forced . to refuse " accommodation ; " discounts in the

      money-market at a high rate ; confidence gone . '; manufacturers , agriculturalists , and money-dealers all in cue nie _.-s of ruin together ! See the whole _course of the alfairpointed out by the Globe : — If speculation in railway shares were really what it is supposed to be by the greater number of those now engaged in it , we might congratulate our readers on tlie extent to which itlms been carried in this cosntry during the lust twelve months . We arc inclined , however , to believe that most ofthe speculators understand but very imperfectly what _tftty are about , and that any suuh _congratulation would be extremely premature . If we survey the whole of the schemes now before tlie public , ami consider thc present aspect of the railway share-market , and anplyit to tho experience . of only " thc last twenty years in this country , it is not easy to avoid the conclusion that

      much more has already been projected than can le completed without producing serious embarrassment , Wo do not for an instant doubt the very great practical value of railways . As means of cheap and rapid internal communication , they are , ' perhaps , _themost valuable improvements that , can be made in a commercial and _muiiufiicturimr country . Nay , if , instead of projecting and completing within the next few years 1 , 000 or 2 , 000 miles of those new roads , we could make 20 , 000 or 30 , 000 miles , wo do not , doubt that the result would bc a proportionate addition to the real wealth and thc productive capabilities ofthe country . But with nations as with individuals , it is not enough that an improvement is desirable . It should also bc within our means . Taking tho cost at the very low estimate of £ 10 , 000 per mile , 30 , 00 ( 1 miles would require an expenditure of £ 300 , 000 , 000 ; aud he must form an estimate of thc resources of this

      country much exceeding ours who would seriously counsel such an expenditure , at once , even for such a purpose . Thc construction of a railway , or any similar permanent work , is a conversion of floating into fixed capital , Tiik _riiiuon of co . _wsrui'Ciiox is that of _coxvkrsiox ; _GJiff _-HiitiJ 6 ot / 4 are complete no return can be made . It amounts to a gradual _ausorption * of floating CAm . u . ; WHICH , FOR THE TIME , IS . AS'MUCH SUNK AS lb IT WERE EXPENDED IN AN ATTEMPT- . TO DRAIN THE OOEAiN * . It is palpably possible , even for such a country as this to siuk too much in this manner within a given time . And nptliing ia more likely than that during a period of speculation , and while large immediate profits are made by _simjily writing the sum _totalupon paper and paying « per cent , _ol'its amount the national resources should be pledge ! beyond what

      they will ultimately be found able to sustain . The amount subscribed during the present year in this country for new lines of railway at home and abroad cannot be taken at less than £ 150 , 000 , 000 . Assuming that three years is to be the average period for the completion of thc works , and that the expenditure is distributed equally over that period , and does not exceed the estimate , wc have £ 50 , 000 , 000 as the amount to be annually sunk during the next three years on account of these schemes alone . The projects of past . veal's , yet in progress , will add something to this . Aud should the spirit of speculation now abroad continue unchecked next year , and the next , it may be expected to add still further to the drain on the national purse . For the sake of simplicity , however , wc will confine our view to the schemes of the present session .

      It may aid our conception of tho practical operation of such an expenditure as we have described to compare it witli ether outgoings of similar amount . It is about equal , for instance , to the declared value of all thc British and Irish produce annually exported from the United Kingdom . It is rather move than the whole public revenue . And it is about ten times the annual amount of tho income-tax . let it then be supposed that for three years we continued our present exports of British produce and manufactures _tvitlmit receiving one farthing in the shape of return , or that the income-tax were increased tenfold , or die Parliamentary taxation doubled for the same term , and we may form some idea of the extent of the present speculations in a monetary point of view .

      A _glinceat the state of thc _' sharc-inarket , however , shows that there all is confidence and hope . Not only the shares of nearly all the projected lines are selling at high premiums , but , though two or throe new schemes come cut every week , the facility with which new _subscriptions arc obtained still enables the projectors to make the award of even a few shares a matter of high favour . But , it is impossible to review the history of railways in this country , and the _miliii'c of tho system _itself , together with the extent ofthe schemes " now before the public , and to bclicvo that the confidence with which all classes arc now _inventing their available means in these speculations is well founded . Not only is the proposed expenditure greater in the aggregate than is at all

      commen-Biiratc with the available pecuniary resources of the country , and therefore ' not justified by any anticipations of profit , but these anticipations , as tlicy ar e now generally indulged , in , are greatly beyond what can be justified by an appeal to facts . It seems to bc entirely forgotten that the more the railway system is extended , the more nearly il must approach _theiconditiou of a mere substitute for the chief common roads of the country ; thatit cannot take from these the whole of their traffic ; and that the more numerous the lines are , the more equal will tiif . v shark what they do takb . The first railway through a large district has an advautagc which no following one can have ; and which is diminished by every facility afforded by new lines and branches to

      particular localities in thc same district . Yet ofthe twentyfour lines first constructed in thc united kingdom , not more than half realized more than 5 per cent , on the capitalinvestcd to begin with . And it is evident , from a variety of considerations , that no new line can be expected ultimately to return much more than the ordinary interest of * money . Hut vntil the projected lines are completed no return can be looked for ; and , if they continue to increase in number as they have lately , the completion of more than asmall proportion of them will be impossible . We need scarcely advert to the fact , that a very large proportion of thc shares issued to thc public during the last twelve months arc in the hands of _jicnons who hold them , not for investment , but merely for

      speculation ; who have been tempted to buy only by the hope of being able soon to sell to advantage . This is well known , yet it is scarcely compatible , under any view of the circumstances , with-the successful issue of speculations so extensive . Every week increases the number of such persons in thc market and the extent to which tlicy are involved , and will continue to do so while the prevailing mania shall last . Now , let it be supposed that the enormous draught upon the floating capital of thecotuitry necessary to realise these schemes , produces only such a pressure on the moneymarket- as shall raise the interest of money to four per cent ., and keen it there ; is it to be doubted that the shares of thc new schemes generall y would sink at least to par , and that thc prices of shamin the old lines would

      fall from- thc hei ght they have been raised to lately , by the hopes conceived from new branches and amalgamations , to about the prices of this time last year ? Let only such a fall take place . AND EIGHTEEN or TWENTY MILLIONS of PROPERTY , NOW ¦ _SALsAUM ! IX THE _SlURE-MARKKT , and o f which half-pan officers , tradesmen , and clerks are lame holders , WOUL D VANISH ALTOGETHER , ' if the present gradual rise in tho price of shares continues , the longer tlie fall is postponed the greater it will bo when it comes ; and that tho rise will continue till vague doubt takes tho place of blind confidence , and the hope of gain _eives way to a general i oi toss

      _car , wo nave the warrant of all pa 3 t experience _, lint such a change in a market filled with persons who , whatever their pecuniary resources may be haveno very definite idea , of the real bearing of their speculations upon tho monetary and commercial transactions of the country , cax scarcely take place without Kcimc GENERAL PANIO . If alarm be once felt , the fall will not stop at 2 iar . Prices rise now because there arc more buyers than sellers ; and under this condition , will continue to rise . And when they begin lo fall , it will bo because there are more sellers than buyers ; and the fall will co on till the equilibrium is restore *' , or , in other words , till thc alarm is blown over .

      There is the whole thing ! Tho Globe has correctly described the operation of the entire system . The ovils _. vhieli he ascribes to the full expenditure of the entire capital of the aggregate of schemes , will attend in . degree on the expenditure of capital for thc lines already determined on . What that amount will be , wc ave just about to show . Here is the statement : — Now that the most eventful session of . Parliament recorded m railway history has reached its close , wc arc enabled to announce , from official returns / the following as the results of its legislation . Parliament has sanctioned thc construction of 2 , 000 miles of new railways in England and Scotland , and of 560 miles in Ireland . Ibis is in effect to double the extent of the railways of Great Britain , exclusive of Ireland . Iho capital authorised to be raised in shares ior this purpose amounts to £ 31 , 080 , 000 ,

      exclusive of £ 0 , 800 , 000 required for tho Irish lines , making in all £ 38 , 480 , 000 to be applied in England within the next two or three years for our own railways . It will thus bc seen that the amount to bo provided for the new railways is sufficiently large , to require serious consideration , and to arrest the progress of reckless speculation . Tkx millions of pounds n-year , for the next three years , will thus lie required for the " sinking-fund ' ' at heme , and £ 10 , 000 , 000 more for tho formation of Railways abroad ! No less a sum than twenty millions will have to be abstracted from the usual pursuits of commerce and agriculture , to be employed "

      in operations which cannot yield a farthing in return for some three years ! Can this be done without derangement to existing interests ? Will ; it have no effect in the money-market ? Must not monev become scarce ? " Will not discowitimj be next to impossible ? Then the manufacturers will feel it . Country bankers will have to keep a tight , hand . There will be no " advance , " no " accommodation . " The mills will close ; tho " hands" will bo turned on thc streets ; and we shall again have accounts pub . lished of people being found _foodless , naked , destitute ; calling on God to put an end to their suffering before morning ! "

      .The Prospects Of The Harvest. Tins, Too...

      . THE PROSPECTS OF THE HARVEST . Tins , too , is an all-important question . If the fears generally entertained should unhappily prove to be well-founded , our condition ' will bc awful indeed ! The evils impending over us from the MAD doings of the " iT _. _osrwtiTY-MOXGKKS , " arc fearful enough : but if to these are to be added the certain misery that a deficiency of food will cause , wc shall indeed be doubly scourged ! The late goodness of trade , ¦ and . " spurt" of - "rnospimrrr" has been universally attributed in the main to the genera ] abundance of the last two or three harvests . In our

      case , it lias been computed that , at least , £ 5 , 000 , 000 of money has been kept in the pockets of our people to expend in the manufacturing _nuvi'kct _, through tlie abundance of good with which we were blessed last autumn ; and if £ 5 , 000 , 000 so left make * all the difference between " _prosperiti _' ' and " adversity , " what will the effect be of bavin ? to send £ 7 , 000 , 000 or £ 10 , 000 , 000 abroad for food , and extract some £ 20 , 000 , 000 , 'besidc , Jfrom the ordinary pursuits of industry , for the Railway _Sixiuxofii . vd ?!

      Respecting thc probable yield ofthe Harvest , there is , as may be expected , considerable difference of opinion . Some of the journals in the agricultural districts , published during the few fine days of last week , contend that there is not much reason to fear ; while others arc filled with most sorrowful forebodings . The last number of the Mark Lane Exprtti has the following , published after the return of wet weather , and founded on information irom all parts of the country : —

      Though comparatively little rain has fallen in tlie immediate vicinity of London during the week , tlie weather appears to have been quite as unfavourable in other parts of the kingdom as before . The accounts from some of the eastern counties , respecting the effects of the rain nnd cold on thc wheat crop , arc as bad as any which wc have yet received on tlio subject . In addition to the previous complaints ot blight , rust , & c ., we now hear , from all quarters , that the more luxuriant and heavy crops have been very extensively lodged , and ¦ otherwise damaged , besides which , sprout is very generally spoken of .

      2 Via £ _fJic yield of wheat will be deficient in _mtanUtii _, and defective in quality , _cax no i . _oxguii iik douhteii ; the extent of the deficiency _lvill still , in a great inci sure , depend on thc character of the weather experienced next month ; but , even under tub most PAVOCKACLE CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH CA . V NOW . OCCUR , an average produce cannot be expected . Latterly , we have received sonic very _^ unsatisfactory accounts respecting potatoes : a similar [ disease to that so much complained of in Holland having , it is stated , attacked the crop in various parts of the kingdom . We sincerely trust that this injury may not prove to bc general , or the consequences would be even more severely felt than those arising from a deficient wheat crop .

      By our Scotch advices , it appears that the weather has boon fully as _ungcnial in that country as in the south ; and notwithstanding the dull reports from hence , wheat was held Is . to Is . Od . per quarter higher at Edinburgh on Wednesday than on that day sc nnhjht . From Ireland , particularly from tha southern parts of the island , the reports of thc woather are not of so unfavourable a character , and business in wheat seems to have been agoud dual influenced by the flat advices from this side of thc channel .

      Tlic £ _iue >? wo 2 . 2 Tmc « takes a view of tho question which seems to hold out a hope that we shall not this time bc subjected to alt , the evils of _sjKculation in food , in addition to the evil of a short supply and the concurrent evils of " share" speculation . According to that journal the dearth of food on thc continent , and tlie probability of a bad harvest there too , is likely to bc of some advantage to us ; or at lcast to save us from somo scourging disadvantages . He

      says : — The question of whether thc corn crops have been injured by the late unseasonable weather , is one which cannot be answered in a single word . Whero the fields are large and open , the corn still stands erect , and looks well ; but in small fields , and under trees and fences , it is too much twisted and beaten ever to recover . To secure a good sample , this beaten grain should be gathered and thrashed by itself , and in that case the bulk may still turn out tolerably well , if wc sliould have good weather from this time forward .

      But- althoug h the prospects of the harvest must . bo regarded as uncertain , wc still entertain strong hope ! that the country will escape many of the evils which have attended former deficient harvests , even if thc present should prove to be a deficient one . When the last cycle of bad harvests commenced , thc neighbouring port s of- the continent were crowded with grain , which hud been accumulating for several years , and which was to bc had at prices very tempting to speculators . Several million quarters of this were immediately bought up , and poured into the country in a few weeks , to the utter ruin of the Exchanges . This is quite impossible now , for thc Hamburg h and Baltic ports arc barer of wheat at tiic present

      time than they have been for several years , nnd thc Russian and Belgian buyors arc competing against the English in those markets for the little that remains . A great rise in the price of gram has already taken place in Germany and Poland , quite sufficient to render any extensive speculation in German aud Polish wheat very _hazardous . It is a lso very doubtful whether the result of the present harvest in the northern part of the continent oi Europe will be such as to bring down prices , crcn when the new wheat begins to arrive . In the last the

      fortnight of Jul v , the whole valley ot thc V istula , great wheat'district of Uantzio , was flooded Irom tne frontiers of Hungnrv to thc Baltic sea ; and thc late accounts from Belgium and North Germany arc quite as unfavourable for the harvest as thc _hnwf accounts . Therefore , even if large supplies ot grain should be required from abroad , it is very _unliue' ) that any considerable portion oi it will come irom tin-Baltic , and impossible that it can be poured m team that quarter at the rate of millions of quarters at « time , as it was some years ago . ' _Thoso - who li _»« held German and Polish wheat ( or old wheat oi

      any kind ) for some time , and those who _^ into the market carlv , can scarcely fail to do wen . for a certain quantity of old wheat must bc wantcu , but those who have gone into these markets late , oi who shall go into them now , will do it at great nsK . Besides having to guard against all tho chances oi the English harvest , they will have to struggle against thc sliding scale , which is likely to be kept at nhighest figure by quantities of damp wheat pou" _- into the market immediately after the harvest ) ' « against the excellent and abundant crop ot U _«» J ' wheat , admissible at all times at one shilling « _w > and that of the United States , admissible by waj _» Canada , at thc duty of three shillings . AU the * counts brought by the Britannia speak of targe ere and low prices both in Canada and the States , •«« t . liooo _niwitmetanonc _tnimthnr with tllC great a "'' ....

      _tage of the duty , can scarcely fail to throw _thei great portion of the trade in foreign corn into that tin _<*' during thc present year , and thus , to _saveww some of tlie worst consequences winch liavc "' ' _$ aggravated the evils of n deficient harvest , ci a the present should prove to be one . Would not an extensive allocation of onr own P * pic on the soil , and an extensive app lication of laD thereto , with thc use of the most improved moac _^ culture , savk us , in a great measure , from « io _« _- attendant deficient harvests ? We mean not auciuiuui _iicuiiiui / i

      on , uu ' _Junus . this would cause the sun to shine , or . thc ram cease ; but that the " surplus" of a good year woui more than suffice for the deficiency of a bad year , and render us independent of "foreign _suppV altogether . It is true , however , that cu lture tn » much lo mitigate the rigour of climate . It lS f tained that there is a fortnight ' s _differenc e _i _« _^ time of ripening oi corn grown on well drainc * _^ That is ; that corn on well drained land -a rip

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 23, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_23081845/page/4/