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    • 10 10 THE IMPERIAL CHA.RTISTS
    • Smpmai :paiiismeisr
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      10 10 The Imperial Cha.Rtists

      10 10 THE IMPERIAL CHA . RTISTS

      W< Deayr Dear Friends. -There Are Two Ol...

      W deayr dear _Friends _. -There are two old sayings , the ' ' m ' _¦ > _lrappv is he who expects nothing , for he shall _;[ bed _^ be dis _4 Ppointed ;" theother , « _\ Yhen the steed _-Molen _^ _len shut the stable door . " I feel assured that „ do n « do noi feel any disappointment at the Ministers _^ h _. _t _tfch _. _dtliTeredby the Queen , as you expected -Ml .--. ? 'fling trom it . The condemnation _. however , which ' Minje Ministers have passed upon themselves , bv lock-. _' . the ; , the stable door when the steed was stolen , is litter ier worthy of vour most serious consideration . _Ve mufemust naturallv ' presume that the state of _Ire-., _„* , a ,, ! , and of Scotland , and _tapper cl foreign _i . i , to contribute towards the relief of distress m „ * a -se countries , was early known to those who vtn-PrrtooVrtool- the task of _GoveromettUnd are responsible

      » _r _thor the _discharge of governmental duties . Ue have _. _eardeard of nothing latterly but the universal distress _^ _vai _^ _vailine in monarchies , and their reliance upon m'E r \' £ REPUBLIC for the means of alleviating the rtia _^ to _* M _» r- ltml Z ht tben be reasonabl - Pl > ose ( 1 ' isi » t _a _* _jat a _goi'i start in the food market should have been ifte _ptftepoiicy . especially ofa nation commanding so large _u-iaiija amount of steam navigation . However , instead i _jjtalfltakim *; time by the forelock , all countries are now _jjuV-a-DMrd in one general scramble for the means of * v ; ' _priding against landlords " dispensation . And the -p . lv -. ? . lv remarkable feature in this year ' s drama , as far * » it 53 it has cone , is the powerful lesson that distress reads p n jn monarchs , and the astounding and amiable surreal render of all political differences , to enable different : _*« 5 .- _»<« of politicians to protect the remnant of their

      -xi _s-xMi position . " Nor is this curiosity confined to the House of Co ; _Coan aons ; it does not partake of the mere national i _" _-. _ita racter , _> t i * embracing and cosmopolite in all its fe ; fcari _ngs . The rotten potato , which I recommended -1 » Paiirh ' * to crown , last year , with the motto ,

      WHO IS MONARCH NOW ? ii ia acted as a monarchical salve , healing tbe differfi tact ; of Kings , neutralising and nullifying the effect _t * * , * treaties , and esUbtisbing a new code of _interaaji _tnual law , based upon the convenience of royalty . 1 Hence , we find the violation of the treaty of Yvrecht , in tbe case of tbe Montpensier marriage _i with the Infanta of Spain , and the violation of the i treaty of Vienna , as regards the possession of Crai t ; w by tbe Emperor of Austria , made subservient jo the expediency of preserving a cordial understand-; d _; between men in arras to reconcile men in rags to wvertr , starvation , asd deaib .

      It would be almost premature to oner a conclusive r . pinion upon the sermon that is to be preached -aw the Queen ' s text ; but , taking nature , past and _wesent circumstances , as my text-book , I think I aav lead you to an interpretation of coming events . Laving Divine Providence wholly out of the _queston , then , I tell you , that , sooner or later , thin jaunt men , dying of famine , pestilence , and hunger sa"t hare been the result of the usurpations of a bloated aristocracy—an over-paid staff of Ministe . al menials—a well-fed standing array—a gorgd fiarch , over-paid officials , and pensioned paupers ;

      rf the absorption of the honey of the factory bee ry the drone who owns the key ; of a useless police , ealy rendered necessary to reconcile men to their _Efrradation , of over-grown bankers , merchants , and traders , speculating upon tbe blood , the misfortunes , ad the distresses of their country ; and , above all , that such must be the result so long as the rich _oppressor monopolises all power over the poor oppressed . He who forewarns men of tbeir inevitable foe , is denounced as an alarmist , while he who sees ie monster coming , and wouhl hide its appToach _tttt resistance is useless , is looked upon as an amiable

      _piilai-thropist . I am not an alarmist -, but I tell yon , and through _jw the aristocracy of this country , that the most Ktfcct surrender of all political differences between it representatives of protected property will not , ul cannot , possibly insure the continuance of iliiii _^ s as they are , and the effect of the only measwts which government can rely upon in its present _anergency , will be to knock the stool from nnder MtLroned and pompous faction . It is impossible _, ! _at idleness can longer live upon the parings from

      iiiustry's board , and the inevitable effect of trying to patch the system up must lead to its more speedy Ksuuction . Hence , funded property , landed _pro-•* aiy , chutch property , and railway property , will til be thrown into a state of confusion ; while that £ the mortgagees , ; of tbe church , tbe army , the navy , I ' m Civil List , and over-paid functionaries , will stand sa the increase in proportion to its augmented tine , consequent upon the depression of all other _dicri-itions of property . Now , mv friends , mark me , and mark me well . —

      THESE ARE THE TIMES TO TRY MEN'S SOULS . " 1 ' ihe flush of trade , or during the period of _com'iranve dearth , when scarcity is reconciled by the _tea-l of famine , the duty and responsibility of an _i . -itatoris simple and harmless , but when universal ( iajs stares us in the face , and when _sll who can _t _^ u ibe signs of the times must prognosticate con' s ' . *; m , then the duty and responsibility of auagitoor becomes arduous and awful . I am vain enough V ; believe , that , although a convicted conspirator _tramst a system which my persecutors are now

      preiinng to level , that , nevertheless , the working _t-mes of this country still possess as much confiftace iu my honest desire to serve them , if not in -J _abii ' ty , as ever tbey bestowed upon any living _U-i , and it becomes ray imperative duty to warn you *? iinst artful and designing men , who would lead . _' _"• ufrom your mature opinions and calm resolve _i to _u-eles ; and dangerous excitement . I tell you , ""¦ a . if tbe Minister fails to reconcile his opponents ¦} Itis measures , that he will try to make them _Ji'fcaMe by the necessity of protecting them _ai'ist fun and folly engendered by his local _parti-*»•¦" . Jn plain and unm _' stakeable language , if _^¦ position threatens defeat , the Whigs will

      endea' _' -r to force you into revolution , to make their " ¦ ie palatable to their opponents . I am now in the ! >! h year of my English agitation , and I would _-tplore you , I would beseech yon , above all things ¦ ' - ¦ avoid all secret meetings , to abstain from any ' - _' rle n ' _olstio _*! of the peace or the laws , as out of . ' r wisdom will spring your oppressors' ruin , v 'ik , upon your folly , he might repair the temple *¦ abuse . Rely upon it , that we can make ourselves _~ n heeded , more dreaded , and more heard by our ' _¦ -n enunciation of truths and principles , that we _**• ' not relinquish or abandon them by overzeal and ¦ _- '¦ _nidence .

      ion _rect . 'lect how , from 1839 to 1841 , the 'kits propped their tottering cabinet upon violence ";* _* - _¦*• - by their mercenaries , and never lose sight _^• _¦ t _f-tft , that we have never yet heard of the * * _- _*] wit nian with a glazed hat , that was the medi-| _"** between the Chartists of Wales and Prothcroe ' "'• i ' luili _' _-S' the man who conveyed the placards ' ° " -a'icaibire and Yorkshire , but who -was _un-^/' ¦ li to ill , and never has been heard of since . , _-M 0 rge ! , ihat Fox Maule was compelled to admit , p _T '" ' * * ° f _Commons , that a part of the duty of " _t ' - ' _-ernnient surveyors , sent to Scotland to inspect

      _^ " ' . _*»" 'two the state of the harvest IN WINTER , _£ * • fo . _lov , Mr . Feargus O'Connor in his lour , and to ¦ _^ - * - * 'lie -,, ne 0 f ¦ , _; s mjn ( j . Neverforget , that , when It * . " a c " _? e of High Treason , Peddie declared L .,- ' ?< * . va _* j offered a free pardon and £ 500 a year , x _, _v " imt * ie ro l > e roumI Feargus O'Connor ' s _l _^ : a ! ' -i , lhfjve and before all , never forget that , _Ir _^ _"* . % be midst of the whole bustle , and h _> _" _*'* _-- _- *'« S from t ' ne most dangerous post , that ! ., i ' " '; '' cnt was only able to convict me of j " " i t ' ie speeches of O'Brien and Dean Taylor . _tjhr J i - ¦ nay _xvill come when vtu choose to sicn the [ ' ' _aa" when the dying house is compelled to

      W< Deayr Dear Friends. -There Are Two Ol...

      discuss its merits . Another day will come when the General Election takes place , and when faction will he obliged to hid for favour . I assure you , my friends , that all the power at tbe disposal of government' cannot mitigate famine without paralysing the monetary system , the great upholder of tyranny and persecution . You are now so wedded , politically and sociallv , that I cannot conclude my letter

      without a hit of Land Chartism , and hear what 1 bave to say . In that part of Worcestershire where Lowbands is situated , there are a great number of forty shilling freeholders , who , times gone by , took a slice of common land and built a nest upon it , the allotments varying from three-quarters of an acre to two acres , and I mention the following circumstance in confirmation of my oft repeated opinion as to the value of the'land in the retail market . An

      impression became very prevalent that 1 was anxious to purchase up those allotments—the very last thing , however , which I would be inclined to do—but the fact induced many to make the trial ; one man came to offer ine an acre with a miserable lath and plaster cottage upon it , and when I asked him the price , he told me , Two Hundred and Seventy Pounds . I smiled , and asked hira why he wished to sell , he answered , " that there was a mortgage of

      TWO HUNDRED AND THIRTY POUNDS upon it , and that the mortgagee wanted his money . " Another man offered me two acres and a better cottage , but not half as good as yours , for Four Hundred and Sixty Pounds , and there was a mortgage of Three Hundred upon it , and many others demanded a similar price in proportion to thc quantities , varying from one to three acres , and all of which were proportionately mortgaged . Now you must hear in mind that the Two Hundred and Thirty Pounds raised upon the acre that I have mentioned , was , barring a miserable cottage , all clear gain , a savings bank to the cottager . I trust that tin ' s circumstance will convince you of the

      proud position of an occupant holding land under the company , at the wholesale price , and for ever , thus constituting his allotment his savings bank , and his pocket his banker . 1 have already opened a splendid road communicating between the two parallel high roads that bound the estate on either side , and when it was done , the wonder of all was that it had not been done before . We are now at full work , and upon Thursday week last I realised Two Hundred and Seventy-Two Pounds for the Company , and before long I hope to announce the purchase of three hundred acres of marrow , so that you see , my friends , that I am determined to heat the Wh ' . stler and John Bright . Ever your faithful Friend and Bailiff , Feae . gt * s O'Connor .

      , And National Trades' Journal. ^Iw*—Ma^...

      , AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL . _^ iw*—Ma _^ _- _^ _aa _^~^ _^—^—^^_ __ miit

      Vol. X. No. 483 London, Saturday, Januar...

      VOL . X . NO . 483 LONDON , SATURDAY , JANUARY 23 , 1847 . _^ _mSSZJtig _^ J

      Smpmai :Paiiismeisr

      _Smpmai : _paiiismeisr

      On Tuesday Parliament Was Opened By The ...

      On Tuesday Parliament was opened by the Queen in person with the usual costly and ridiculoas formalities . The whole line of the procession was much more crowded than is usual on snch occasions . At a quarter past two o ' clock the firing of cannon and the heralds' trumpets announced the arrival of the royal cortege at the Houses of Parliament . After a abort sojourn in the Robing Room , the Qneen and Prinee Albert , accompanied by the officers of State and the _Honshold , entered in the usual

      _form-Both her Majesty and her Royal Consort appeared in excellent health " and spirits . She wore a magnificent tiara and stomacher of diamonds . » " . Having taken their seats on the Throne , and commanded the assembly to be seated , and the Commons _bavinc been summoned , the Lord Chancellor presented her Majestv with the speech . Her Majesty then , in a clear and firm voice , read thc following speech * — " My Lords and Gentlemen ,

      ' It is with the deepest concern that , npon your again assembling , I have to call your attention to the dearth of provisions which prevails in Ireland and in parts of Scotland . " In Ireland , especially , the loss ofthe usual food of the people has been the cause of severe sufferings , of disease , and of greatly increased mortality among the poorer classes . Outrages have become more frequent , chiefly directed against property ; and thc transit of provisions has been rendered unsafe in some oarts of the coantry . " With a view to mitigate these evils , very large

      numbers ot men have been employed , and have received wages , in pursuance of an Act passed in the last session of Parliament . Some deviations from that Act . which had been authorised by the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland , in order to promote more useful employment , will , I trust , receive yonr _sanctian . Means have been taken to lessen the pressure of want in districts which are most remote from the ordinary _goarces of supply . Outrages have been repressed , as far as it was possible , by the military and police . " It is satisfactory to me to observe that in many ofthe most distressed districts the patience and resignation of the people have been most exemplary .

      "The deficiency of the harvest in iranee and Gerrnanv , and other parte of Europe , has added to the difficulty of obtaining adequate supplies of

      provisiom . "It will be your dnty to consider what further measures are required to alleviate the _exuting distress . 1 recommend to you to take into your serious consideration , whether by increasing for a limittd period the facilities for importing corn from foreign countries , and by the admission o ? sugar more freely into breweries and distilleries , the supply of food muy be beneficially augmented . "I hare likewise to direct yonr earnest consideration to the permanent condition of Ireland . You wiil perceive , in the _ab-ence ef political excitement , an opportunity for taking a . dispassionate survey of the social evils which afflict that part ef the United Kingdom . Various measures will be laid before you , which , if adopted by { Parliament , may tend to raise the great mass of the people in comfort , to promote agriculture , _, and to lessen the pressure of that competition _'f-ir tbe occupation of [ and which La- , been the fruitful source of crime and misery .

      " ihe marriage of tbe Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain to the Duke of Montpensier has given rise to a correspondence between my Government and those of France and Spain . " The extinction of the Free State of Cracow has appeared to me to be so manifest a riolatioa of the Treaty of Vienna , that I have commanded that a protest aeainft that act should be delivered to tbe Courts of Vienna , Petersburgh , and Berlin , which were parties to it . Copies of thete several papers will be laid before you . ' I entertain confident hopes that the hostilities in the River Plate , which have so long interrupted _comme-rcc _. raay soon be terminated ; and my efforts , in conjunction with these ofthe King ofthe French , will bo earnestly directed to tbat end . " My relations generally with Foreign Powers inspire me with the fullest confidence in the maintenance ef peace . " Gentlemen of tiie _ifouse of Common-- * ,

      " 1 have directed the tstimates to be prepared with a view to provide for the efficiency of the public service , with a due regard to economy . " ify Lords and Gentlemen , " I hare ordered erery requisite preparation to be made for putting into operation the Act ol th * last session of Parliament , fur the establishment of local courts for the recovery of Small Debts . It is my _hepe-that the _enforeement ot civil rights in all parts ofthe country to which the Act relates may , by this measure , be materially facilitated . " I recommend to your attention measures which

      wiU le laid before you for iupruving the health of town--, an object ,, the importance of which you will not fail to appreciate . " Deeply sensible of the blessings which , after ft _seasoa of calamity , have been so often vouchsafed to this nation by a superintending Providence , 1 confide these important matters to yeur _cate , in a full coBvicrion that your discussions will be guided by an impartial spirit ; and in the hope that the present suffe _* _'ags of my people may be lightened , . ind that their future condition may be improved , by vour deliberative wisdom . "

      It was observable tbat the passages which referred to Irish distress were delivered by Her Majesty in rather a subdued tone , add with an accent of _sympathv for the sufferings described ; but when Her Majesty C ** ne to the passage relating to the Spanish

      On Tuesday Parliament Was Opened By The ...

      marriage , and also that which refers to thc subject ot Cmcow , ber tune became perceptibly changed ; and , besielcs that she spoke more loudly and emphatically , there was a slight abruptness in the delivery . The aspect of the interior of the house during the ccrcnt -ny was more brilliant even than usual , in consequence of the place being lit up . At all times the scene is splendid and imposing , from the _ga _* array of brilliant uniforms , the beauty of the ladies , and the elegance of their costumes , and . above all , from the presence of so many illustrious person * , distinguished for high rank or for talent , who are seldom or never assembled together , except on such an occasion . Her Majesty ' s dress , particularly the stomacher and tiara , blazed with diamonds , and the jewels of the Duchess of Sunderland also shone with conspicuous splen dew .

      With the reading ofthe speech the ceremony of opening Parliament was concluded . Her Majesty and the Prince preceded , and attended as before , left the house on their return to Buckingham Palace Thc Commons retired from tbe bar , and the Lords adjourned during pleasure . At five o ' clock the house re-assembled There were some changes in tbe position of the leaden * peers . The Ministers , of course , occupied their usual scats . Lord Melbourne was present , and occupied the seat he usually held among his colleagues when

      he was a Minister . On the _Oppoaitioti bench there was a change . Lord Stanley occupied the usual place of the leader of Opposition . By his side wa * - the Duke of Richmond , and the principal Protectionist peers were seated near . The Duke of Buckingham occupied a seat next to Lord _Breiugaatn , be _/ ow the gangway _. and the Earl of Wmchilsea sat next tohim . The Duke of Wellington arrived a few minutes after five o ' clock , and immediately took his seat on the cross-benches . The Earl of St . Germans and one or two other members of the former Government sat

      below the gangway . The Marquis of Lav 900 w . nb moved the first read ing of the Select Vestries Regulation Bill .

      TnE ADDRESS . TheLoRp Chancellor read her Majesty's speech , which was afterwards , according to custom , read by the clerk at the table . Lord HAtneRTO- * rose to _^ move the address , and began bv describing the pitiable condition of the people of Ireland owing to the failure of the potato crop , and the ill-success of the measures which had _been ' resorted to for the purpose of alleviating that calamity . The Labour Rate Act oflast session had been almost universally put in operation ; and , though in hu opiuion no blame was to be attributed to those who introduced it for its failure , yet it had signally failed . The question then arose whether Parliament should be convened , or whether the Government should invest the Lord Lieutenant with power to act

      at his discretion , according to the nature ofthe case . The latter course was adopted ; the useless works of the Labour Rate Act were abandoned , and the application of the public money extended to private and reproductive works . Bnt even the exertion of this discretionary power had been found inadequate to the emergency of the case , and all were now eager for a better adnptatton ofthe law . Other measures were therefore _necessary ; what those measure should be it was not for iiim to dictate , when there were so many in that house better fitted than he to decide . He only declared his own sentiments , and wished to involve no one else in any responsibility which might attach to them ; but he called on the people of England to make the ease of Ireland their own , and to consider

      he difference between England—rich in her landed proprietary , in her vast mouicd interest , in her manufacturers and merchants , and in her admirable parochial organization—and Ireland , where rich proprietors were exceptions , where absenteeism abounded , and where there wa ** no organization , except for political purposes . This wide difference suggested one or two ana ' . _ngits . Suppose every ba * r ef cotto ¦ imported into England were infested and ruined by an insect , would it be right to say to the manufacturers , you have congregated a mass of population in large towns for your own benefit , and now you must bear the burden of supporting them ? No doubt there would be much private liberality on such an emergency , but , doubtless , an appeal would also be made to the Imperial Legisl iturc . Or , suppose the crop of

      wheat and oats had been blighted in England , would it be right for Ireland to say she would send no help Whatever then might be the result of the present calamity , it would teach us to do our duty liberally by our fellow creatures ; and it was to be hoped that both England and Ireland wouid be benefited by the trial . The noble lord then passed in review the proposed suspension of the Corn Laws and the legalization ofthe use of sugar in breweries and distilleries , and augured well as to the probable results of these measures ; and after hoping that a bill would be introduced for facilitating the transfer of real property , and denouncing the policy of Austria in the annexation of Cracow , concluded by moving the draught of an address , which was , as usual , an echo of the speech . Lord Cabew seconded the address .

      Lord Staslet said that , as the Government had abstained from introducing into her Majesty ' s speech any expression which must necessarily lead to discussion , so there was no wish on the part of those who had not reposed their confidence in that Government to embarrass them by premature opposition . Having attained power by no factious proceedings of their own , but by a combination of circumstances , Her Majesty ' s adviser had peculiar claims to the forbearance of the House , and they might rest assured that , so long as they walked in the path of the constitution , and avoided rash and dangerous innovations , they would be met , not only by no facti-• jus opposition on that side of the Ilouse , but ii ' so by a ready and disinterested support .

      In this snrit and temper he would proceed to make a few observations , premising that , from the significant omission of any allusion to the financial condition of the country in the speech , it might be argued tbat that condition was not so satisfactory as it appeared on the face of the last quarterly returns ; in fact , he was afraid lest in the course of the next six months there should be such an increase of imports over exports as seriously to inconvenience the country by reducing the quantity of bullion . In passing then no the topics contained in the speech he was sure all must rejoice in the prospect of continued peace , though his confidence in that prospect was ! _-ased rather on the general conviction throughout Europe , of the folly of war , than on the state of our

      foreign relations . He could not look with _satisfaction on those relations so long as we were not on terms , nnt . merely of amity , but of cordial co-operation with France . It was impossible not to see that the good understanding lately existing between the two countries had been very much altered for the _wors-- during the last few months ; and though he should abstain from an opinion as to the comparative merits of tbe statements on cither side respecting the Spanish marriage until the whole correspondence was before the House , yet he thought tlte country had received a slight in the manner in which that marriage was brought about which would not have been passed on it had Lord Aberdeen been at the head of Foreign Affairs .

      This unfortunate coolness had been followed by another event , with wliich he could not help thinking it was nearly connected—the annexation of Craeow ; and , though on this point , too , he must reserve his judgraeat until the necessary papers were produced , he regarded the step taken by the three Powers in violation of a treaty entered into under the auspices of England as a discourtesy which could not have happened if England and France had preserved their former cordial understanding . With regard to Ireland , there could be no question that an awful visitation had fallen on that island , and he was convinced that the country would make every sacrifice for its relief , he was not disposed to make captious observations on tlie

      course hitherto pursued for that end , but it was admitted on all hands that great errors had been committed , that the Labour Rate Act was a blunder , and that the plan for its extension was soclogged and fettered as to become a dead ietter . In his opinion , however , a great error of the Government had been a too strict adherence to the abstiact doctrines of political economy when they resolved not to compel with private speculation in tiie _Buppiy of food to Ireland . Those doctrines must give way to great emergencies ; and though he did not mean to assert that the Government should ha * e undertaken to supply the whole Irish people with food , they _miirht ban . done much by establishing _, depots of provisions , and selling them at a fair market value , so as to keep downf famine prices .

      With rcspeet to the proposed measures of relief , be did not anticipate any serious opposition to thc measure for increasing thc tonnage applicable to the importation of corn ; but , believing tis he did , that tho scarcity of corn , both at home and abroad , was very much exaggerated , itought to be a question whether the temporal } - suspension oi the 4 s . duty would answer the humane expectations of tbe Government , and whether it would not put money into the pockets of foreigners atthe expense ofthe revenue . After alluding to the injustice of allowing the use of sugar in brewing and distilling while the malt-tax was retained , thc noble Lord promised the Government support in | thcir } Irisb measures , provided they did not yield to exorbitant demands ; and after depicting the hampered position of the Irish _landlords , who he thought had'been undeservedly abused ,

      On Tuesday Parliament Was Opened By The ...

      implored the Government not to take any rash steps with regard to them , and to set to work at the soc _^ itnprovenj _^ t in that country in the confident assurance _thattff they honestly laboured for that end , no party considerations should defeat their

      endeavours . Tiie Marquis of Lansdowse replied to Lord ' . Stanley with respect to the conduct pursued in Ireland by the Government . As for the errors which they were accused of committing , it must bo remembered that the extent ofthe calamity which was about to befall Ireland could not be ascertained when the . Labour Rate Act was passed , and though the extension of that act bad not obviated the sufferings of the Irish peasantry , yet _it'had undoubtedly mitigated them . With regard to the objections ofthe Noble Lord to the proposed measures of relief , the question was not into whose pockets the profits of importation would go , but how an addition to the supply of food under a national calamity was to be obtained . The Noble Marquis concluded by vindicating tlie Government from the remaining objections of Lord Stanley , aud declared that the wisdom of their policy would be proved in a few days by documents which would be laid before the House .

      Lord Brougham expressed his doubts whether Parliament ought not to have been convened nt an earlier period—doubfs which were strengthened by tiie confessions made of the fruitlessnsss of the Irish Acts of last session , and of the Lord-Lieutenant ' s efforts to render them available . As for the Spanish marriage , the people of . England cared nothing about It , and he hoped they should have no debates about the matter , which would only tend to pro ! ng that interruption of the _ewte-nfe cordiale which unfortunately existed . On the subject of Cracowwhile

      , he agreed with the expressions used in the speech and address , he hoped that all unnecessary _harshness and recrimination would be avoided , as a good understanding with Austria was of-great importance to England . With regard to Ireland , he hoped the Ilouse would proceed , in the first place , by resolutions , and that a line would be carefully drawn be tween temporary measures of momentary expediency and permanent measures introducing organio changes into the policy of thc country with respect to the sister kingdom .

      Earl Fitiwiluam believe that no small or half measures would do for Ireland . As far as lie could form an opinion of those to be proposed by the Government , he approved of them , though he doubted if they would go far enough . The Marquis of _WasTMEAin , as an Irish landlord , expressed his gratitude to England for the sympathy so readily afforded to Irish distress . The Earl of Rode ** also expressed his thanks to the people of this country and to the Government for the sympathy shown to the Irish people . Earl Hardwicke contended that the great difficulty was not so much want of food as want of skips to transport it . He suggested that all her Majesty's shins and steamers of war should be employed in conveying food to Ireland ,

      The Earl of Auckland said there was already between thirty and forty steamers and fourteen or fifteen sailing vessels employed in carrying provisions . The question was then put , and agreed to nem . con . ; and their Lordships adjourned till Thursday .

      HOUSE OF _COMMONS-Tuesday _, Jan . 10 . The Speakbr , in his robe of office , entered the House about half . past one o ' clock , and took his seat at the table in the chair usually occupied by the chief clerk . About one hundred members had assembled , who , after prayers , seated themselves for the most part in tbe places held by them at the closo of the last session . A little before two o ' clock Lord J . Russell entered the House , and took his seat on the Treasury bench , after shaking hands with tlte Speaker . The noble lord ( whoso features were observed to wear a pale and somewhat anxious expression ) was followed by the Earl of Lincoln , who , after exchanging salutations with the Speaker , shook hands with his lordship , and took [ his place on the

      front Opposition bench , in the seat usualiy filled by Sir R ; Peel at the close of last session . Mr . Goulburn shortly afterwards entered the house , and seated himself next to Lord Lincoln . The benches at this time exhibited an unusual number of those _affiches which denote that the seats are taken by hon . membera who have heard prayers ; and , from tbe appearance of the house at this juncture , there wits reason to suppose that thc three groat parties of the Ministerialist * -, tbe Conservative Opposition , and the Protectionists intend to preserve the same _relative position which they assumed after the resignation

      ofthe Government of Sir R . Peel . On the Ministerial _b-nch were Lurd J . ( Russell , Sir J . Hobhouse , Mr . Wyse , and other members of the _Goverament . Mr . Ferrand occupied the seat held by Lord G . Bentinck during jast _sesaiun on the ministerial- side of the Ilouse , and on fhe bench below hira were Sir R . Inglis , Mr . Stuart , etc . The members ef the late Government sat on the front bench upon the left of the Speaker , in the seats so long tenanted by the Whig Opposition . At twenty-five minutes past two o ' clock , Mr . Pulman , Yeoman Usher of the Black Rod , summoned the house to attend her Majesty immediately in tke House of Peers .

      'Ihe Speaker hereupon rose , and preceded by his mace , and followed by Lord J . Russell , Lord Lincoln , and the great body of the members present , left the House . Upon hit * return , the members who had remained , wishing to avoid _the"futigue and pressure of attending in the Ilouse of Lords _^ ranged _themselves in their places , uncovered , expecting tbat the right hon . gentleman would take his seat and read her Majesty ' s speech . The Speaker , however , walked up the floor of the house in his usual _manner , and , _passing his chair with an air of arch good humour , procoeded at once to his private room . A slight laugh followed at the expense of the disappointed members , and the house adj . _* urnid .

      The Speaker took the chair at ten minutes to foui o ' clock , when a considerable change appeared to have taken place in the position of the parties . The Opposition benches presented a very crowded appearance . Sir K , Peel and Sir J . - . Graham were _| not present , but in their places were Lord G . Bentinok and Mr . Disraeli , having on their right Mr . Goulburn , the Earl of Lincdn , Mr . S . Herbert , and other members of the late ministry . On the left of Lord G . Bentinck , wc observed Mr . G . Bankes , Mr . UilJyard , Mr Christopher , and Mr . James Stuart . The last seat of the front Opposition bench was occupied by Mr . W . Smith O'Brien . Oh the benches behind Lord G . Bentinck were Mr . Ferrand , Mr .

      Hudson , Mr . Finch , and other members of the Protectionist party . Sir C . Napier , Sir De Lacy Evans , and other metropolitan members , occupied their former seats on the Opposition side of the house , below the gangway . The Treasury benches were well filled . When the mover of thc address rose , the house was very full ; but it was not until the seconder had advanced half way through his speech that Sir J . Graham entered the house , and took his seat on one of the back benches , a modest movement , which excited some observation in the house . Shortly after , Sir R . Peel entered and took his scat at one end of the front Opposition bench , at thc other end of which sat Lord G . Bentinck .

      Mr . Tufsell , on ths part of Lord John Russell , gave notiee that on Thursday his lordship would move a committee of the whole house to Consider resolutions on the Corn Laws , and on thc Navigation Laws ; also , that on Friday he would move for a select committee on the Law of Settlement : and that on Monday next he would bring the state of Ireland under the consideration of the house . Mr . _ToFMiii , on the part ofthe Chancellor ofthe Exchequer , gave notice that on Friday the right hon . gentleman would propose resolutions on the Custom * and Excise Duties Acts . Mr . Fox Maule gave notice for Tuesday to bring in a bill for shortening tho present term of enlistment .

      Mr . J . Fieldeh gave notice of a motion for shortening the hours of factory labour . Mr . Hums gave notice tor Tuesday next of certain questions which he would put respecting tbe occupa tion of Cracow . Mr . P . _ScRt-ra gave notice for Tuesday week to move a resolution declaring the expediency of extending the main principle ofthe English Poor Law to Ireland—the riglit of the poor to relief from their _rcsoective parishes .

      TIIE ADDRESS . The Speaker communicated to tho house her Majesty's speech . Mr . 0 . W . Howard moved an address in repl _" _IheretOjWliicn lie prefaced by a brief address , touching lightly en thc topics -- ncnlioned in the speech . Mr . Ricarb . 1 seconded the address , lie contended that » temporary relaxation ofthe Navigation Laws was indispensable , and that every facility for the admission of foreign grain had become a necessity ; and if it could bo shown that a large quantity of _^ rain could be liberated without great loss to the revenue then it would be only fair to admit sugar for _u-e in the breweries and di * tilleriesof ' the United Kingdom . The hon . member insisted that the new _Free-trade commercial policy had been eminently succossful ; that an increase of Customs duties , and a large consumption of sugar , timber , etc ., had been the result ; and that they had every encouragement to go on in the same direction .

      On Tuesday Parliament Was Opened By The ...

      Mr . S . _O'Bf-ii-Nobscvved , that , however relnetan be might be to disturb the unanimity of the ILi ' usc on tbe present occasion , he should feel himself to be wanting in his duty to im country if he were to remain silent with respect to the sufferings of the people of Ireland , which co « _'d neither _bn descriln _.-d nor exaggerated . The very last paper wliich he had received from Dublin contained the report of _ei-jlit inquests held in » he county of Mayo which had each returned verdicts of " Death by starvation . " If aiked , he could not say that the Government was entirely guiltless of this state of things ; on the contrary , he was of opinion that if the Government had taken proper measures , not a single individual would have perished in Ireland I ' rnm _starvation . Why had not the Government remitted tha duties on corn three months a _<* o ? Why had it not called Parliament together three months ago , and proposed to it then , as it proposed now , to relax the navigation

      laws , and to prohibit the use of grain in our brewcri-s and distilleries ? He then proceeded at great length , to find fault with tlie Government for the mode in which they had regulated thc _supply ox food and of employment to the people of lrelanu lie _condemned not only ihe Labour Rate Act , but ilso the deviations made from it under tke _sanction of the _Irii-h Government , asserting that a Min . ster « hn had taken sueh a course as Mr . _Litbouchere deserved impeachment . _ His regulations had thrown the whole country into confusion . lie ( Mr . S . O'Brien ) wanted thc labour of the people to be directed to wo k ; _i of a productive , not ofan unproductive , character . Thousand - of men were now employed in destroying roads , while thc fields remained unfilled . He , therefore , rose for the purpose of asking LordJ . Ru _* se ) l what were the measures which he had in contemplation , first for the supply of food , and next for the supply of reproductive labour for Ireland . He also wished to know whether his Lordship considered thecalamity a local or a national calamity .

      Mr . P . Scrope complained that no provision had been made for the infirm poor in Ireland , and blamed the Government for having placed any dependence on _vt-luntary aid . Voluntary contributions had proved wholly inadequate ; and in the workhouses _IVvcr was making its appearance , and was destroying thc inmates . He , therefore , asked the Government to explain what _measures they had in contemplation upon thi * subject . Mn . Laboucherb wished that he could say that Mr . S . O'Brien hud drawn an evercharged picture of the miseries of Ireland—but he could not . Still , he must dissent from Mr . S . O'Brien ' s conclusion when he attempted to fasten on the _Guvernment the . _^ responsibility of theme calamities , and when he said that every death which had occurred from

      starvation ought to weigh heavily on the conscience of every member of the Cabinet . lie reminded Mr . S . 0 ' Brien of the ordinary condition of Ireland , of which the population was admitted to be the wont housed , the worst clothed , and tho worst fed in Europe ; and asked him to consider the _natu-e of the extraordinary visitation which had just fallen upon it . The great bulk ofits food had been swept away . The total loss in money value which tbat population had sustained by the failure oftlie potnto crop , and of tho oat crop , had been calculated to amount to not less than £ 15 , 900 , 000 . But the loss was not to be considfcred merely as a loss ot money and hod—it must be recollected that the potato cultivation was connected with the entire agricultur _* l system of Ireland , and that the failure of

      it had deranged the interests of every branch of agricultural community . After showing that tbe power of Government to relieve distress was not unlimited , he proceeded to defend himself _againat the charge of not having adopted the same system which Sir R . Peel had adopted last year fur supplying the people of Ireland with food , on the ground that the circumstances in which the country was then placed were very different fvom those in which it was placed at present . Then we were under a restrictive system ; now we were under the system of free trade . Then the evil was limited in its extent ; now it was almost universal , fie next proceeded to defend the employment which he had afforded under the Labour Rate Act , and the deviations whieh he had recommended to be made from it , _exsressing his surprise

      that Mr . S . O'Brien should say that in making these deviations in compliance with the general voice of the landowners of Ireland , he deserved impeachment . He believed that whenever Mr . S . O'Brien brought forward the articles of that impeachment , he would not find a single Irish member to second them . Ireland had a riglit to expect assistance from both England and Scotland ; but , in return , both England and Scotland had a right to call upon thc gentry and people of Ireland to leave nothing undone in their efforts to grapple with its distress . He saw an improved spirit springing up in Ireland ; he believed that the landlords of that country were wakening to the conviction that if Ireland was to be saved from

      great disaster , it must be through the agency of betown children . To thc question of Mr . P . Scrope lie replied that the irafirm and impotent poor of Ireland had been relieved through the medium of the relief committees . He admitted that the existing Poor Liwhad been found insufficient to compete with the present calamities of Ireland ; but he believed that any Poor Law—even that which Mr . P . Scrope had himself _proposed last session—wouid havo been equally insufficient for that purpose . It was _rfated n t _!* e __ speech that outrages had been oommitted . Now , it wa * not surprising , with famine in the laud , that the bonds of suciety should be relaxed ; but while the attention of the house was called to that

      tact , it was important that the house should not form any misconception respecting it . The general character of the state of crime ir > Ireland amounted to this : —There was a great increase in the amount of outrages , but it was an increase in the attacks on property . The old agrarian offences had disappeared ; the spirit of combination had almost _disappeared ; there was no longer any sympathy with the offence , or difficulty in enforcing the law against the offender _, lie proved this statement by contrasting the amount of crime in December , 1845 , with the amount in Daccmber , 1846 ; and concluded by once more calling upon the house to give its assistance to the people of Ireland , and by callingon the Irish members to justify that _assistance by struggling manfully against the _eyils of their country .

      Lord G . Bkktisck , as _leaderof the Protectionists , took similar grounds to that of Lord Stanley in the other House . He assured the Government that thc advocates of the Protection policy had no intention of making Ireland the battle-ground of party . They felt that _thelprcsent Government had succeeded to the administration of Ireland at a time of extraordinary difficulty , and therefore tiiey felt that it was due to the Government to examine ifs acts with indulgence . The miseries of Ireland demanded sympathy , and it was the resolution of thc Protection party to give their calmest and best consideration to any measures that might be proposed for the alleviation of the calamity . He emphatically disclaimed all idea ofa compact , as supposed to exist between tlte Protection party and Parliament ,

      relative to tlie existing-to . duty on corn ; the Protection party acknowledged ne such compact , and therefore the Government were free to propose the removal of the 4 s . duty it they thought fit . Should the Government propose the temporary removal of this is . duty , the Protection party would not oppose it ; but it was their firm persuasion that its removal would give no benefit to . the _consumir . The Exchequer would lose the duty , but every farthing of it wouid go into the pockets of the corn merchants aud forestallers . Should the Government also think fit to propose tlie admission ofHUgar forthe use of breweries and distilleries , the Protection party would ( oiler it no opposition , although from such a measure they had little expectation of benefit . Should a _temporfciy interference with the Navigation Laws be

      proposed , the Protection party would not oppose it , thousth they _relieved such a remedy came too late . Let the Government , if they wished really to apply a remedy , throw aside the rigid principles of political economy , _. . urchase corn wherever they could get it , and Jet them employ her Majesty ' s ships in carrying _theso supplies ) into the ports of Ireland . An experienced captain had informed him that there were eight ships of the line now available , wliich in forty-eight hours could begot ready , with which , in ten weeks , 80 , 000 quarters of grain could be brought into our ports . He regretted that anything should have occurred between the Governments ot France and England to interrupt the amity tbat existed between them . lie did not believe the people of England aympathised at all with tho foreigu niinistn- on thc question that had arisen . The commercial part

      ofthe country certainly would bo better ple .-i .- -cd if the Noble Lord had turned his attention to the Spanish carry _ingt-rade instead of to the Spanieh mar-• _isges . As to the grave charges made in the royal speech against the great Sovereigns with whom we fought tho battle of European peace , Lord Geo . Bentinck expressed his regret that such condemnation hail been thought necessary . The idea of branding the occupation of Cracowasa manifest violation of -lie Treaty of Vienna was preposterous . How many times had the Treaty of Vienna been violated ? What was the severance of Belgium from Holland ? lord George , for himself , declared he felt no sympathy for tho people of Cracow , the peaceable portion of whom woro themselves delighted at the change . On the part of the Protection party , the Noble Lord gave notice , that unless the _Government shouUl bring forward somo comprehensive measure of genera )

      On Tuesday Parliament Was Opened By The ...

      utility for Ireland , he would himself do so . Mr . _RoeuucK made one ofhisusual bitter _tlit" ihea against the _Ii-i _** li landlords , and the Prolecr _.-tiist _leader , and Mr . O'Connell , with reference tn the landlords he said , a word now about Irish l _. _in-iiords . (" Oil , oh ! " ) lit * had no doubt tbe term would excite some sort-of feeling [ an hon . member , Mr . B . Osb _.-rnc , itis believed , here made _soine remark }; he did not mean an Irish landlord on a _h-ulJen —( laughter )—! i" meant the Irir _. _li landlord for wiiorai tli . ! British Parliament had been legislating foi the last three centuries aud , during that time , _lh--y had b (! Jiti le » _i-. lati ! _e ! lor , as a body , against the pcoj , ! t > of Ireland . They bad wrought always for their persona ! purpose , unmind'u ] ofthe wants of the people

      of Ireland . And let him explain in a few word * how th is had been done . When an Irish landlord i"imo _into-iosses- 'ionof an estate he built cottage- here and there , intending , by letting tkem , to > _-i- _* ain what tn him was a very necessary extra _perce * ' ige Ue built those cottages far thc pauper p"piil _.. ; ton , _coiitinuing the- characteristics of that popu !> _-: ion Were there a Poor Law in Ireland that he daiv not d » . ( Hear , hear . ) Some Irish landlords v .-. uld perhaps denv this ; but he ( Mr . Roebuck ) _wmild _afiirtiHhat they had in this way ministered u . the desire of the people to possess land , and that th- * ; . had ° n their estates a p : iupc > -population , for _wlwin > hey had done nothing boat-ficia ] because legislate .- ! for

      , and supportc . ' , in all sorts of privileges bv the . i ;> use of Commons . Acts of Parliament had been <¦ > _f _ric-d for them ; of tlu . se * acts the landlords had takni advantage , and hy them the people of Ireland _ww * reduced to a stale of tiaitncrism , universal and ext .-erne . And now , _alterall this , the Irish _landlurds c . _m _** o to England to maintain , not only them , but the _pHti'iers ¦ ilso , whose _c-mditiim was the result of their _m-ir-ect . ( Hear , hear . ) Such a proposition was adverse to the feelings and the common sense of the peo _.-i--. of England , and , as an English representative :, he declared his opinion that it was the duty of the

      Imperial Government to insist that the land of Ireland should maintain the people of Ireland . ( C i _* _- ! rs . ) ''"he next Castigation was administered toO'i ' onne _. i . He had heard it stated within tho last few days , of one who called himself tho representative of Ire land , that all the measures of relief dictated by the earnest sympathy and _overflowitiff benevolence of the people of England bad proceeded from an intention on the part of the English Government to buy Protestants in Ireland . ( Laughter . ) lie ( Mr . _Ri-ebuck ) had never so cletvly perceived and felt the inferiority ' of one man who had been pushed into consideration by the pressure of extraneous circumstances a *

      during the last six months . Ireland had wanted a _ti-an , and , unfortunately , Ireland found no man for hec purpose . She had not possessed a roan who could forego personal interests , and resign personal pelf , and in that hour of danger merge himself into the people of Ireland . Such a man , io called for , _sb < - had not met with ; but , in his place , a man who wa * . able to exacerbate all the evil passions existing and making themselves _manifei-tin that country , —who could create , if he did not find them , and if he found them could exaggerate , tho prejudices which ignorance of each other only had produced , separating f hf two countries of England and Ireland . Was such a man to be accepted there as a representative of the people of Ireland ! No , certainly not ; he ( Mr .

      Roebuck ) believed the people of Ireland to be a great and an honest penple ; and he could not think that their sentiments were tlte _sontiments of thc mien lie had spoken of . Lord G . Bentick formed the next topic f _^ r criticism ; he reg retted ho bad not hae ' _i the opportunity of expressing an opinion of'' the great and comprehensive measure , " as it was terued , which had been announced by the noble lord ( Mentick ) opposite . His attention had been arouscu and his curiosity had been excited to discover the meaning of the noble lord ' s _hi-it . He had waited tv- find in tlie _nt'bJe lord a regenerator of his country and time , as he was of his party . He had relied upon obtaining from the nuble lord some grand _panty $ _-i _^ for all evils , somethirg , in a word , that _shou'd asttliush

      them like gua-cotton . ( Laughter . ) But a _crui-1 deception had been practised upon him ; he had heard netliine : of thc scheaie more than its title . The nobh ; lord had talked of himself as the leader - " 'fit ' s party , had spoken of " our intententions , " and what " we " would support , of " our " resolves on this and on that , but nothing was proposed , though every thing was _promh-ed _, and no one could form an idea as to ihe nature of the measure , or could comprehend its _caniprehensiveness . ( Laughter . ) It was art easy thing to criticise , but in this case there was no field for criticism , and that was annoying ( Laughter . ) Ue ( Mr . Roebuck ) would recommend to tho noble lord tbe next time he placed himself at the head of a party and criticised the schemes of others , to let

      those others know what were his measures , and what , were the Chnncellor of the Exchequer , he would do . ( Hear , hear . ) The party of thc uoble lord had indeed disappointed him ( Mr . Boebnck _); he had waited for many to arise from whom much was expected ; he had looked for great things , and he had never been more deiuded . There had been nothing in all tbat _intensity of extraordinary gesticulation and wonderful emphasis ( a laugh ); there was nothing apparent in thc exhibition but a dislike to somebody that wns not named , and who could not nnd would cot be liked under present circumstances . ( Laughter . ) Had there been suggested any measure tending to the benefit of the people of Ireland , he wouid have given to it anxious

      considcration . The noble lord led a party in that house—not a very powerful , but stilt a party—and as it aspired to the reputation of being an intellec tual party , it would only havo been sati > f * ing the claims upon them to havo propused something , _Perhaps tbe deficiencies of tho noble lord would be remedied by his second , and the house would then have an opportunity of forming an estimate of the comprehensive measure which the future was to disclose . The noble lord might think , that as he ( Mr . Roebuck ) was equally wanting in bringing forward any substantial scheme , he was unfitted to censure tho course which had been taken ; but he ( Mr . Roebuck ) had never spoken of " our"

      resolves , he had never been one ofa Government , and never expected to be one of a Government ; he had no expectation of being in the place of the noble lord - ( Rusiell ) . and that made all the difference between him and the noble lord ( Bentinck _opposito . ( Laughter . ) The only parties in the House he ( Mr . Roebuck ) recognised wero those headed by Lord J . Russell and Sir Robert Peel , The Ilou . Member concluded a review of the Spanish and Cracow questions by entreating the Foreigu Secretary to de his country the ineffable favour of remaining quiet . Mr . Gratta . n indignantly rejected the term of beggars applied by Mr . Roebuck to the Irish landlords . They wero not beggars ; they only dvnui- . ded what they were justly entitled to .

      Mr . Duxon Buuwxb lashed Mr . Roebuck for coming down tu thc House " to void his waspish aud dyspeptic _disposition on the landlords of Ireland . " The Hon . Aiembcr upheld the Government for not _intetfering with tho course of trade , Mr . B . Osbor . ve vindicated the Irish landlords fvom the charges so unjustly prefercd _against thera by Mr . Roebuck . A speech ofa more chilling nature than thc present had never fallen from the lips of Majesty . It stated that outrage had been cheeked —buthow ? By the military and the police . It ought to have been checked by the free importation of food . Why had not government done long since , by Order in Council , what they were now going to do by an act of the Legislature ? He was sorry to lind that there was au inclination in thc liouse to sneer at the distresses of Ireland ; and , what wag worse , the government was acting in that country upon the suggestions of Mr . Trevelyan _, who was inimical to its people .

      Sir R . Incus vindicated Mr . Trcvolvan from the unjust attack made upon him by ' the last speaker . Lord John MassiRs spoke shortly on the foreign policy alluded to in the speech . Lord John _llussmx maintained that if the Government had taken the course of ransacking tlte world fur food , there would have been an end to all private enterprise , and every thing would have been left to the care of the government , which would have been so presumptous as to undertake so gigantic a task . Had it been known that the _English government were the buyers in foreign markets , the prices would have risen exorbitantly high . The government had established depots , aud had _purchased a large quantity of food _witluut interfering with the course of trade , and

      though he was well aware that abuses and imperfections were incident to the application of relief , he felt _sati-siicd that thc principle was sound , and would be effective if the calamity had not been so very extent _sive . However much the public works promoted might ba critised , it could not be denied that a great benefit was conferred on Ireland bv the employment of 400 , 000 men ; and the desire of the government to alleviate the calamity as much as they could , could hardly be _queatiened . But if censure was to be passed tor the measures taken , let it fall on the government , and not on their subordinate agents in Ireland , who had only oboyed tho instructions given to them . As to thc charge of not having called Parliament together in November , he did not believe that such a course would have had much , if any practical effect in increasing tho supply of _i-i « l , and as to not having recourse to an Order in Council he did not think such

      , interference with the course ot law warranted by the state of _citvuinstances . He then adverted to Mr . Roebuck ' s * , ir ! tiures on the Montpensier marriage , anel observed tbat from the criticisms which that gentleman had passed upon the diplomatic papers , he must have read them iu a translation from the French documents , which gave a very imperfect account of ihe British argument _, lie could not agree with Mr . Rccbuck that a question of this kind was unworthy thc attention of the British public . On thc contrary , he main _, taiued that tho recent transaction was one of serious importance ; and so it _ivas considered b y Lord Aberdeen and the late Government . He thought that thc expectations of the French Government would in all probability bo disappointed ; but tho attempts of Louis _"K . IV . and of Napoleon to obtain Biipvemacy in Spain might bo repeated again , and the union of France and S pain in one policy would ( Continued to the 8 thpage .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 23, 1847, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_23011847/page/1/