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Northern Star (1837-1852), 22nd June 1850, Edition 3 of 3, Page 7, Gas prom thb Decompostios of Water. ^— T...

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      • W I -V *--* Fz >¦<'¦; ¦ V Jq^B ^ ;22 V...

      _jq _^ B _^ ; 22 1850 . . THE- NORTHERN STAR 7

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      Court Of Queen's Bench. ^ —Jtt V. Thb Di...

      COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH . _^ _—jTT V . THB DIRECTORS OP THB _lOSDOH ASD _^ -BLA . CKWAU . RAILWAY COMPASY . r -Mr Edwin James , and Mr . Beetham , appeared for _rtVniaintiff ; and Mr . Sergeant Wilkins , and Mr . Kton . for the defendant—This was an action f _° _5 a toy a n « n who carried on the business of a _E « Eiierocer aad van keeper , in _Baekchureh-laue , in _^ _Gteorge *« 4 _n-the-East . for an injury _occasioned to tfmbytbe negligence of the defendant ' s servants . _TtMueaKd that , during tbe erection ef the railway _^ nnecting the Eastern Counties with the Blackwali _SUrty , the plaintiff was passing along under one of _Segrches , whenapieceof timber , whicb had formed _1-e 0 f the sleepers , fell open him and injured him very severely in the lack . He waa for some time laid up , "" I though now no sign of the injury was _- _jsftle on the surface of the body , the plaintiff was « tiJl lame , and suffered occasionally sVvere pain had £ 30 into courtand

      _The defendant * paid , on _-jgss-examination of one of the plaintiff's witnesses it appeared that a physician , sent by the defendants , _nad been once or twice in attendance on the plaintiff . —Mr . Sergeant Wilkiris addressed the jury for the defendants . —Lord Campbell _said that the sole _ouestion-f or the jury was , whether the sum paid into court was sufficient to _compensate the plaintiff for the injury he had suffered . _ There could be no doubt that the p laintiff bad suffered a serious injury . —The _totv returned a verdict for the plaintiff ; damages £ 70 , in addition to tbe £ 30 paid into court . —Lord Campbell then said that as this was the beginning of the long-vacation , and the plaintiff was a poor man , and perhaps depended a great deal on the _damages to be given in this case , he thought it would jot be improper for the defendants to pay . the damages in a month . —Mr . Phip son , : on b ehalf of the defendants , intimated their perfect _readbess to do what his lordship had suggested-

      Court Of Exchequer. The Attoexet-Genbra1...

      COURT OF EXCHEQUER . THE _ATTOEXET-GENBRA 1 . V . SUITHSOS . This was an esc-offrio information filed _aga-nstthe defendant , who carried on the business of a tobacco niaker at York , to recover penalties for contravention ofthe excise laws . Tbe first was that of unlawfully _asins two rooms to manufacture tobacco , which had rot been registered at the proper ofiice ; the second for adulterating tobacco . —The Attorney-General , the S olicitor-General . Mr- Watson , _Q . C-, and Mr . Wilde , appeared for tbe Crown . The defendant _* as represented by Mr . Sergeant Wilkins aud Mr . _"Word-wortb . —Mr . " Sergeant 'Wilkins for tbe defendant , at the conclusion of the case for the Crown _, stated that ah arrangement had been made , and that a verdict for £ 500 should be taken by consent , which was done . TATEEUH v . lARn ARTHUR 1 RXXOX .

      Cram Cox . —The Attorney-General stated that this was an action for criminal conversation with the plaintiff ' s wife . —Mr . H . Hill , who appeared f « r tbe defendant , said tbat the court and jury would , he was sure , not regret that circumstances had oecured wbich would save an inquiry that could not but be painful to all panics concerned in and out of this court , ne had proposed to his learned friend to a ccept a ver d ict for- £ 5 0 0 , and his learned friend had consented to do so . —The Attorney-General said he had consented to accept such compensation for the injury to plaintiff as the verdict with these damages could afford . —Tbe verdict was accordingly so entered . ' ' " O _' COXXOB W . _BRADSHAW . On the application of Mr . _Serjeant 'WIHuijs , this ? nlc stands over to Michaelmas Term .

      Court Of Common Pleas. Sewsiiail V. Stef...

      COURT OF COMMON PLEAS . SEWSIIAil V . STEFEXSOS axd axoiher . Illegal _Disirejs . —This was an action on the case for an illegal and _excessive distress . There was also a count in trover for the goods taken . The defendant Stevenson pleaded not guilty by statute ; and the other defendant Wood , not guilty and not possessed . —Mr . Sergeant Bylcs , Mr . Pasblcy , and Mr . Gray were counsel for the plaintiff ; and Mr . James , Q . C ., Mr . Prentice , and "Mr Phipson for the defendants . —The plaintiff is a general dealer in Priar-street , Blackfriars-rond . The defendant Stevenson is a medical gentleman , residing near _Hanover-aquare . The defendant Wood is an auctioneer and appraiser , living in

      Chancery-lane . Mr . Stevenson was the assignee of a leasehold bouse , and premises situate in Castlestre e t , Southwark , aud in 1-347 he sub-demised tbem to Messrs . Saunders and Conneby ; engineers . In July , 16 iS , these gentlemen dissolved partnership , and the business was carried en b y Saunders alone-, he giving Corricny £ 150 in cash , and bills for £ 500 for his share of ibe business , the lease ofthe house , and a policy of assurance being ' also assigned to Corneby by way of collateral security . Previous to this transaction Saunders had frequently Borrowed money of the plaintiff , who was his brotherin-law . On the 2 ith of February , 1847 , he borrowed of the plaintiff a sum of £ 300 on a _promissory note , payable three years afterdate ; wben

      tbe dissolution of partnership took place the plaintiff discounted a bill for £ 1-50 for Saunders , wLi . -h was paid when due , and on Feb . 7 lh x . 1849 , he lent inn a further sum of £ 217 , and on tbe date of tie last-mentioned loan an account was stated between t ! _eJi , by whicb it appeared tbat Saunders was indebted to the plaintiff to the extent of £ 000 10 s . To secure this sum Saunders , on the same day , gave tbe plaintiff , in lieu , as was alleged , of previous securities , a warrant of attorney , oa which judgment was forthwith entered up , and a warrant of JL fa . issued and-lodged with the SueriS of Surrey , but with instructions not to levy nnlesss somo other creditor of Saunders should leave a writ against him at the office . A few days afterwards a

      judgment creditor , named Marshall , lodged a JL fa . against _hira with tbe same sheriff , who lodged under it , and Marshall claiming p riority over the plaintiff ' s judgment , the plaintiff paid Marshall , and took a bill of sale from the sheriff for the goods , which were valued by the broker at £ 693 . Oa the 11 th of September the plaintiff himself took possession of the goods , and employed au auctioneer named Rutland , to catalogue them preparatory to a sale , an d Ru t l a nd put one of bis men in possession on behalf of the plaintiff ; but tbe sale did not take plaee , and it was resolved to submit the effects for sale by private contract . On the 4 th of October the defendant Sterensca applied on the premises for some arrears of rent , and saw Rutland , who

      promised bim be should be paid before anything was removed from the premises . The next day a notice was served unou the man in possession , on behalf of Stevenson , that he claimed £ G 5 for rent , and that that sum must be detained for him before the goods were removed ; and the day after , between five and six o ' clock in the evening , the defendant Wood entered to distrain for £ 70 8 s ., as the receipts of the ground landlord were not produced , and took an inventory of the furniture in the drawing-room , but not of the effects in the shop and warehouses . lie then lift a man in pos-Kssion , and a written notice that eight mahogany chairs and the whole of the articles distrain _, able * on the premises would be sold unless the sum

      churned was paid within five days . The next day Saunders called upon Stevenson's solicitors to state that the rent distrained for was too much , and some conferences took place , but the result was , that on tbe 10 th October , Wood , accompanied ly two condemning brokers , went over the premises , took a further iarentorv , and finally took away an engin e er 's lathe and three vices , alleged to be fixtures , and all the other effects on the premises , which were _alleged fo have boon previously valued at £ 3 G 9 4 s . A shot t time before this Saunders had called a meeting of bis creditors , and bad attended the meeting with a professional man , who read for him a statement of his circumstances : but neither

      of tbem said anything of this warrant of attorney given tothe _plaintfff , and soon afterwards Saunders became a bankrupt , there being little or nothing for distribution amongst kis erediFcrs . It was proved by credible and circumstantial evidence , tbat the sums above stated had beeri advanced by tbe plaintiff to founders , and the question finally resolred into , whether or not the warrant of attorney and tbe seizure under it bad been made bona fvde , or _collusively merely to protect . Saunders froni the rest of his creditors ' —Witaesses were ealled on both sides , and the trial lasted two days . Tbe jury returned a Terdict for the defendants ; bnt several points of law arc reserved for tbe consideration of the superior court . -

      Coupeksatiox Roa Eveuibonr.— We Congratu...

      Coupeksatiox roa _EvEuiBonr . — We congratulate the landed interest on the probability , that before tbe first of April next the government will have taken measures for making it some amends for the losses which it has sustained in consequence ; of the repeal of the . corn and cattle laws . . O ur reasons for expecting that ministers will adopt these considerate steps are comprised in the following _paragrap h which bas appeared in various journals : — " The Defunct Palace Court . —ft is understood that the Treasury has awarded to eac h of the four barristers ofthe Palace Court the sums they paid for tte purchase oftheir places . Mr . Best , M . P ., paid £ 2 000 for his appointment as one of the four , and was the last purchase _sdlqwed .. The attomies and dfSeers ofthe defunct court are said to be waiting

      for compensation . " We want to know whatsortor description of personal interests can be overlooked , if those which are vested in the Palace Court are to be respected ? Whoever buys a place m snch an establishment speculates on future governments keeping np the _rascalitv which he thinks to pront by . A _distinguished " moralist hns-or ought lo have—laid it down that a-bargain implying the maintenance of an abuse U an immoral contract ; therefore , not binding ; and that legislators may at any lime abate nuisances without regard to those who have ' staked money on tbeir permanency . As to the attornies and officers of tbe Palace Court who may be waiting for compensation—let tbem wait for it a little longer—ye ? , a little longer than tb _* innkeepers and coach proprietors that bave suffered b » railways , —hoick .

      R; . ^ „ -Middlesex Ses8ios&--,.-_ ~.~^ ...

      r ; . _^ „ -MIDDLESEX SES 8 IOS _& _--,.- __ ~ . _~^ The June adjourned general session / of the peace for the county of Middlesex , commenced on Tuesday morning , at the Sessions House , Clerkenwell : The calendar contained tbe names of seventy prisoners for trial , of whom sixty-five were charged with felony , and five with misdemeanour . Mr . Witham ( in the absence of Mr . Sergeant Ad a m s ) , briefly charged the grand jury . . His observations were condemnatory of the present grand jury system in tbe metropolitan districts . Robbebtbt a ' ¦ Servant . —George Hughes , coachman , was indicted for stealing a purse value 10 s ., and £ 5 in gold , the property and monies of Philip Hickman . Mr . O'Brien appeared for the prisoner .

      -The prosecutor , was a gentleman residing in _Guildford-street , Brunswick-square , and Mrs . Rickman , was in the habit of hiring _carriages of Mr . Yeomans , l ivery st ab le . keeper , & c , ' . in _Guibiford-street , in whos e servic e t he p r i son e r w a s a s coachman and stableman . Onthe 10 th inst ., Mrs ; Hickman hired a clarence , in which she , accompanied by he r sister , proceeded to Eltham , Kent , and of which the prisoner was the driver . On getting out of the vehicle at Eltham , Mrs . Rickman left her purse , containing £ 5 in gold and some silver , on the cushion , and on her return , after an absence of nearly an hour , the purse was gone . Mrs . Rickman questioned him upon the subject , but ho positively" denied that he knew anything about it . and tbat no one had been near the

      carn a ge , but tbe ostler ofthe inn where the horse was put ] up . On _arriving in town , Mrs . Rickman informed her husband of tbe occurrence , and he taxed the prisoner with the theft . He denied it . However , in Ms pocket was found one of the sides of tte purse , whicb was a flat ivory one ,, and on the _oSrnage being examined , the money waB found ingen i ousl y concealed underneath the * foot-board . He was then given into custody . —Mr . O'Brien did not resist the facts , but called Mr . Yeomans , who gave the prisoner a good character for the time he had been hi his service . —The jury found tbe prisoner " Guilty . "—The prosecutor , considering that the prisoner had yielded to a temptation inadvertently thrown in his way , s trongly recommende d him to mercy . — -Sentenced to three menths' hard labour .

      _Stkauxg Lrad . — Charles Revere , 32 , . was _in-r dieted for stealing twenty pounds of lead from the premises of Messrs . Elliott and Co ., the b rew e rs —The prisoner was one of a number of workmen employed in making alterations in '& port i on o f Messrs . Elliott's brewery , a nd in cons e q ue nc e of property to some amount having been stolen from the premises the police were communicated with . Two officers were set to watch , and they saw the prisoner leave the premises and go straightway to

      a marine store dealer ' s shop in . Castle-street , where , without saying a word , he took tbe lead now produced from underneath his jacket , and put . it into the scale and weighed it in such a matter of course sort of way that the officers concluded that it was not the first time he had visited tbat shop under similar circamstancesi- _^ The prisoner received . a very excellent character from two former emp'oyers . —The jury found him " Guilty . "—Mry Sergeant Adams sentenced the prisoner to three months' hard labour .

      Robbery bt a Medical Studbst . —Massey Lloyd Poad , a respectable looking young man , described as a medical student , was indicted for having stolen a nautilus life preserver , and an antique pistol , the property of Colonel Arthur Howe Holdsworth , and others , the trustees of the United Service Institution , from their museum in Whitehallyard . —Mr . O'Brien appeared for tbe prisoner-There were two indictments against the prisoner , and the following were the facts adduced in support of them . Tbe prisoner bad access to the museum , and the articles iu question were missed shortly after they bad been seen sife by the secretary ' , Mr . Tonna . The prisoner had sold them to two different parties , and when he was apprehended he gave

      contradictory accounts as to how he came in possession of them . —The prisoner was " Acquitted" on the first indictment under the direction ofthe court , on the ground that the life preserver was not sufficiently described in the indictment . He was found ¦• Guilty" on the second . —Mr . O ' Brien called Mr . Louis Smith , of Reigatc , who said that tbe Rev . Cornelius Gorham and Archdeacon Daltry were the trustees under tbe marriage settlement of the prisoner ' s mother , and he ( Mr . Smith } was a trustee under a new appointment . The . prisoner had always borne a good character , and was articled to a Mr . Lane , a surgeon , in Covent-garden . —Mr . _Lewis-llippblytus Tonnn , the secretary to the institution , said it * was with the greatest reluctance tliat

      he had bad to assume the character of p ro se cutor , as he knew the prisoner to be the son of a highly respectable officer . —Mr . O'Brien said the truth was that the prisoner owed his unhappy situation to irregular and dissipated habits . —The court sentenced the prisoner to . three months' hard labour .. _. _-Sibalixg- Water Fowl is _Kexsixoton Gardexs . —John Peters , 55 , was indicted for having stolen a duck , value ' . Is . Gd ., the property ofher Majesty the Queen , and otherwise described as the property of her Majesty ' s Commissioners of ; Woods , Forests . and Land _Rerenues _^ -Tbe prisoner was seen feeding the ducks on one of the ponds in Kensington Gardens , by a keeper named D unn who , h aving re a son to suspect bim , kept a strict watch upon his

      proceedings . Ho saw the prisoner take up one ofthe ducks , and put it iu his coat pocket , and having walked a short distance from the spot he sat down oa the ground , and putting the duck underneath him , crushed it to death . He was apprehended with the duck still in his pocket . —The jury found the prisoner , " Guilty . "—One of the keepers said tbat the piisoner had been suspected for more than two years , and there were good reasons for stating this was not the first offence ofthe kind be had committed . He had frequently offered to supply parties with ducks , and those parties could attend if required . He was sentenced to three months' bard labour . Assault . — William F . irrell was indicted for _assaulting _Edoia id aad Catherine Dwyer . —The prosecutor , Edmund Dwyer , was a marine on furlough , and on Sunday evening he was returning home with his mother from a lecture room , when

      as they were passing through the Broadway , Westminster , the prisoner made a desperate attack upon them , without tbe slightest provocation . He struck the soldier twice in the . face , and knocked , bis mother , a poor feeble old woman , down with such violence , that her arm was dislocated at the elbow , and a deep cut inflicted over her left eye . The prisoner was identified , positively , by four witnesses . —Two witnesses were called for the defence . They distinctly swore that it was not the prisoner who had made the attack , but a drunken man , whom the soldier first assaulted with his cane . —The jury found the prisoner " Guilty . "—The learned judge said it was impossible to believe one word that had been stated by the witnesses called for the defence , and ordered tliem . into custody , until the rising of the conrt . —The prisoner was ' _sentenced , to four months' imprisonment iu the House of Correction .

      Gas Prom Thb Decompostios Of Water. ^— T...

      Gas prom thb Decompostios of Water . _^— Th e great problem of the economical decomposition of water , for the purposes of artificial illumination , appears to be much nearer solution in America than Mr . White , or any of bis competitors in this country , bare been able to achieve , and by a far more cleanly , delicate , and scientific process than by furnaces , retorts , bits of iron , pilch , tar _. s oils , & c . It is a well-known principle—in fact forms almost an every day experiment of the lecture table—that a current of electricity , whether galvanic or fractional , on passing through water , has the power of decomposing it , giving out oxygen at one pole , and hydrogen at the other ; and we learn tbat a Mr . Henry M . Payne , of Worcester ( United

      States ) , has ingeniously taken advantage of this principle in " the production of hydro-carbon gas , for the purposes of both lighting and ; heating dwellings . We are not exactly let into tbe secret of the . raeans emploved for generating the current of electricity but as ' it states t ba t a weight of 67 fbs ., falling nine feet per hour , will . produce 1 , 000 feet of _gas ; _, we presume it to be frictional electricity , particularly as it appears that the apparatus for lighting bis own dwellin" is contained in a box eighteen inches square and eight inches deep . From this box ,, two flat copper wires are conducted into the _deeompoain" jar , cont a ining tbe w a ter , forming the two poles ofthe battery ; and as the pure hydrogen escapes , it passes into a carbonising vessel . The process _^ of but

      carbonising we are not made acquainted with ; it is stated to be so far from costly , tbat carbonising gas for three burners for a week amounted only to one cent . ' -It appears that , on the 23 rd of April last , Mr . Pavne had bis residence brilliantly illuminated for the purpose of exhibiting his complete success to big friends , farid . many gentlemen connected with gas companies , scientific bodies , & c . It is stated tbat , althoug h on l y one s m al l b urner was employed in each room , yet the light was dazzling , perfectl y white , and so pure , that the moss delicate shade of blue and-green , could be distinguished at several feet distance . The gas was supplied through a pi p e ; a q u a rt e r of an in c h in diameter . For heating purposes , - the company were s h o w n a sim ple machine , consisting , of two

      discs of iron , raised a lew inches from tne floor , a n d between w b ich t w o or three small j ets of pure hydrogen were burning ; and , in ; a few minutes after lighting , an equable and g eni a l heat perv ad e d the apartment . There is nothing in this description but what is perfectly consistent with scientific truths ; and we cannot doubt that this simple system of _lighting will soon get into general adoption , provided _' sufficient electricity can be produced on a larue scale with equivalent economy . Mr . Payne eanWnlate to a nicety tbe quantity of electricity Dassinl through the decomposing jar . ; One cubic _?™ tXter will produce 2 , 100 _'feet of gas . The _SL « . tM be aPPl _« tp all existing gas _estabBSSfand All gas fittings and burners . at prStS use may be still r _« d . ~ Jtao Journal .

      H«Tt»Mavljark«Ffl»

      _H _« tt » _maVlJarK _« ffl _»

      ' :. ¦ ' . : R^--Vmo^A^.Ju?« ' I7. ' ;7:...

      ' :. ¦ ' . r _^ _--vMO _^ A _^ . Ju _?« _' i 7 . ' ; 7 : ' _" HOUSE OF LORDS . —Presence of a Stranger in the t _Pebresses _' v Gallery . —Lord : Brougham . — My lords , I have g iven notice ,- _^ yes , ; T have given notice to th e p a r t y on w ho s e con d uct I am now about to make some comments . 1 believe that it is well known to your lordships that . ' no peer or commoner has any . right in ttho gallery of the p eere s ses , and that any nobleman or gentleman being there infringes on the rules ' , of " the House . There is one g en t le m a n ( the C h ev a lier Bun sen there now ,: and . he has no right . to . be there . ( Laughter among the peeresses . ) If he docs not come down I must move that he is infringing the ru les of your lor d sh i ps ' " . House . . ( A pause . ) Besides , that gentleman has a place assigned to

      him inthe House itself , and by his presence in the w allcry . be is excluding two peeresses . ( Roars of laughter both in the House and among the peeresses present . ) I move that the standing orders be enforced by your lordships' officers . ( A laugh . ) Let it not be supposed that I am doing this discourteously . I have given that gentleman ample notice that if he did not come out , I would address tlio House upon the subject and have hini turned out . { Continued laughter , and some confusion . ) _nis lordship then addressed the individual in questio n , and s a id , "You must come . o . ut no w , " The . gentleman remained immoveable ; whereup o n Lor d Brough a m stalked dow n the Hou se to the bar with great haste , and addressing cither tho Usher of the Black Rod or one of the messengers , ( for in our position we could not see . which , ) said , " Go and take him out . "

      Shortly afterwards Sir A . Clifford went into the gallery , and immediately the . Chevalier Bunsen rose from his seat , and , accom pa ni ed by two or three ladies , left it . . .. " . ' , '¦¦ Apfaihs of Greece . — Lor d Stanley s a id , he did not mean to drag the House through' the papers lying on its table , but he could . inforni them that he . had risen with pain at the prodigality of folly , the lavish expenditure of misplaced ingenuity which ; they disclosed .. The course which her M a je s ty ' s government had pursued was calculated to endanger the peaceful relations of this country with the other great powers . . He hoped and trusted no such result would follow , but he would ask , whethtr the conduct of the . government bad

      not been characterised by unnecessary rashness ) and whether the claims which had . been compulsorily urged upon the G re e k governm en t h ad n o t be e n to a lar ge exten t unjust ? H e remin d e d the House that Greece was a : king d o m of n o t mor e t h an fourtee n y e a rs ' standing , aiid that its independence was guaranteed by England , France , and Russia . For many years past the representatives of these three ' great powers appeared to have , been intent / not on strengthening the authority of the Greek Monarchy , but on intriguing to strengthen their own influence inthe - government , ol that country . Of late Frefcch influence had been in the ascendant , and in consequence it . was believed by our representative at Athens that , the government

      was actin g in compliance with French interest and in hostility to that of this country . ' . The greater portion o f the claims put forward , and of . which their Lordships had heard so much , were oh behalf of persons who could never be considered entitled to an interference such . as . that undertaken- on theu-. behalf , In the __ case of , Stellio Sumachi redress was demanded for having tortured a British subject ; - though it afterwards turned out on a legal inquiry that no torture had over been , inflicted . The .. noble lord t h en passe d i n review t b e c a se p f tho F a ntome an d that of tbe Ionian government , and declared that . it was difficult to argue such claims for compensation as those against Greece in a satisfactory manner ,

      wearing , as they did , more the appearance of a tr a desm a n ' s b ill than a n a tional grievance . He mu s t , however , express his indignation that out of such insignificant questions should arise the risk of an European war . The modest demand made by Mr . Finlay f o r a pi ece of l a n d which cost h i m 3 0 0 drachmas , was 40 , 0000 drachmas , or £ 1 , 500 ; yot , while the British government were laying papers with reference to this demand on the table of their lordships' house , it was aware that Mr . Finlay ' s claim had been settled ; by arbitration with his consent . The noble lord described such conduct as a breach of faith on the part of the government , and as tampering with their , lordships' confidence . With regard to the claims of ; M . Pacifico , ho ridiculed ,

      amidst the- laughter of the-house , the accuracy with which the fumiture of M . Paoifieo ' s house bad been specifi ed ! He pointed oiit the extraordinary absurdity of tbe British government insisting onthe payment of £ 21 , 000 for alleged claims " against Portugal ; which the government of that country had declared not to be worth one farthing , and : remarked , in indignant terms , that the British ; government bad pressed for the payment of all its demands on Greece in full , nnd had sent its fleet to enforce that payment within twenty-four , hours _, ne then described the course which the questions thus raised between this country and Greece had followed , and how the extent of M . Pacifico ' s claims had interfered with a sottlexnfeut . He : bore

      testimony to the noble and dignified conduct ofthe Greek gov e rnm e nt , who were unable to rpsist , and whose sufferings had excited the sympathy of Europe . -Mr . Wyse and Admiral Parker had only acted according to their instructions , and he was sure that the latter would ratlicr have been engaged in the most deadly contest of an honourable ' warfare than in any such transactions . The noble lord , in eloquent terms , contrasted the tone of . the Emperor of Russia ' s letter on -the Greek question to his representative in this country , with that which Lord P a lmerston h a d th o ught fit to ad o p t to the defenceless government of Greece . . He reminded the house that France , though she desired to pursue a most friendly course of conduct towards England , had been alienated by the treatment which she had received . The question of the

      island of Sapienza was one on which tho British government had no right to act independently of the other protecting Powers ; and now that Russia bad protested on the subject , he supposed the claim wbich bad been made would be withdrawn . The order to take forcible possession of the island , however , had not been rescinded , and had only not been executed because Admiral Parker and Mr . Wyse had had more discretion than Lord Palmerston . He thought tbat he had made out the points stated in his motion ; and if they had been guilty of injustice—if tbey had made extravagant demands—if they had oppressed the weak and disgusted the strong—it became that house to show that the government of Eng l a nd w a s not E n g land . In a strain of the highest eloquence he called on the house to vindicate the authority of a great nation prostituted by an attempt to enforce unjust demands upon a weak and defenceless state .-

      The Marquis of Lassdowse , in repl y , acknowledged that the government was responsible for . the transactions which the noble lord had brought under review , but in the House of Commons : Lord Palmerston had been subjected to no attacks upon the m a tter in qu es tion , and he hoped to satisfy their lordships that the speech which Lord Stanley bad m ad e was in d e b te d mu ch m or e to the eloquence of the sneaker than to its iiitrinsic merits . He disputed entirely the soundness of the resolution before the house in point of international law . He pointed out that injuries to the persons and proper- ? ties of British subjects abroad had always been held tojustifv a peremptory demand for redress , and that witliout reference to whether the government

      of the country where the injuries were sustained was ' an absolute monarchy , a constitutional monar c h y , or a republic . Greece , as tho house had been told , was an independent government , andiif she were so sbe must accept the responsibilities as well as the privileges of that position . ' - He quoted a number of instances where foreign-nations , whose subjects had been treated with indignity , had- _^ n _* . for ce d re d ress in . an equall y d ecisive manner a si in the case before theJiouse ; and ho closed his list by mentioning that at the present moment American ships of . war were on their way to Lisbon to support peremptory demands for redress made by the government ofthe United States on that of Portugal . Coming to the main point of the noble lord ' s

      speech—he expressed his regret that Lord Stanley bad condescended to attack M . Pacifico ' s character . Whatever that character mig ht be , it had nothing whatever to do with the question . Mr . Wilkes mi ght have been a gambler and cheated at play , yet the principles which , were associated with his name were not compromised thereby . In the same way Lord Stowell had pronounced many splendid decisionsonpointsof law evolving great and important-truths , though the people to whom his judgments referred were many of tbem slave dealers , pirates , and . adulterers . Tho noble lord had referred to Mr . Finlay ' s case , but . through the influenc e of th e Gr e ek government t h o arbi t _rator s had never been allowed to meet , and tbe writers on international law declared thata delay was as bad as a denial of justice . Again , in the case ofthe robbers choosing a Greek custom-house ih Order to

      carry on a system for plundering Ionian subjects , he reminded the house that Sir E . Lyons ' l e tter to the Greek government on'that subject bad never been answered . M . Pacifico ' s claims had been made to t h e Greek government in general terms , to prevent inconvenience if that government raised no unreasonable objection . Subsequently to the dishonest acts which the noble lord had alluded to , M . Pacifico had been a consul under the Greek government , and he had too much respect for that government to believe that it wonld employ in such an office a man of improper character . Tho claims which bad been made upon Greece had received thp sanction of tho Cabinet , and the house would not , therefore , b e Loped , . consider them so exaggerated and unjust as the noble lord had . described them . As to the feeling bf Russia on the subject , be attributed it to an impression that tho claims against Greece had been too suddenly enforced , and with t * 9 short notice . He justified the employment

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      _w _i -V * -- * fZ _>¦< _' _¦; ¦ . _v of ? q . large , af qrc _^ piratically deniedtbatthe amity between Russia arid this country-ha d beehdisturbed , and- ; decl ' ared , that the community of feeling , especially With reference to all questions connected ' with the Northbf Europe ;' never stood hi g h er 'than at the present moment ; With reference , to ' the passing cloud which obscured for a moment tho ' relations of friendshi p between this country and France _. _-he trusted it woiild soon pass away . He expressed his regret that ' the convention concluded with M . Drouyn de Lhuys , bad not reached Athens in time to prevent the renewal of reprisals . Complications had unfortunately arisen , and had been going on for some weeks , which wero now annroachirie a satisfactory

      conclusion . He hoped to be able to announco that conclusion within a few days , oven a few hours , and called upon the house , in conclusion , not to embarras the position of the government with Edrei gn Powers , but to reject the motion . Lord Aberdern did not'think that the question before the house required any elaborate _demoiistra- , tion . The recent proceedings in the Greek waters had excited one universal cry of indignation throughout Europe . The equity of Mr . Finlay ' s claini and that of-M . Pacificonever was denied , by Greece as _furnishiugpropersuhjects of reference to the judicature of that country , yet it had been represented that there had been a- denial of justice . With reference to the claim put forth to the islands

      ot _fcapienza and Cewi , the noble marquis had given no answer to the arguments of Lord Stanley ; Since the fleet under Admiral Parker started from England it had been ' employed in little that reflected credit on this country . At Lisbon and Naples it excited the suspicions of the governments , and though it arrived at the Ionian Islands after the ir _^ surrectioh , a supply of naval " cats "for the torture of the islanders was sent on shore from it . The entrance into' the -Dardenelles was boasted of as having brought the Emperor to his senses , but the the Eniperor had previously acquiesced in tho interpretation of the Turkish treaty in question , and her Majesty ' s government had been obliged to a polog ise to tho Emperor for entering the

      Dardanelles , and promised to do so no more . He charged ministers with having sought , in accepting the good offices of France , to put its plenipotentiary , Baron Gros , in tho position of a sheriff * s officer , The French government bad recalled its-ambassador in consequence of the manner in which it had been treated , yet her Majesty ' s Ministers went on , hnggling with hi'to the great injury of that good understanding which ought to exist between two such great nations . Wben he-looked at our relations with Europe generally he found them in an unprecedented condition . There was a time when this country was respected and loved by all the great c o n tin e nt a l nat i ons ; but how was it now ? He could not congratulate the noble Marquis on tho novel friendship which ho found existing with Russia . Austria'had been deeply injured by the influence which had been- exercised by us in Piedmont ;

      We might have prevented tbe Piedmontese war , and we might also have pursued a policyi which would _, have rendered the occupation of Hungary by the Russian troops unnecessary . The nations of the continent fortunately . separated the conduct of ber M a je s ty ' s government from the feelingsof the English people , a n d he w a s sure th a tther e wasriot one member of that house who had listened to Lord Stanley ' s speech who could lay his hand on his-heart and say that every word- of it was not strictly and literally true . ¦ : _.- . ¦ _:--. ' - ! ¦ - J ; ..... . - •¦ ¦ -. ¦ . _,-. Lord Cardigan was deepl y impres s ed with a sense ofthe _danger-to . which-this . countrv was exposed by tho state of its foreign relations . He had the greatest respect for the courage and talents of the noble lord at thehea ' d ofthe Foreign Department , but feeling the isolated position in wbich tho country was placed by the ¦ policy of that Department , -he would give his hearty support to the motion before the house . -

      Lord Ward defended the conduct of the government and . of the noblo lord at the . head of the Foreign Department , and complained that the question before the houso had been greatly prejudged and mis-repreBented ; ' _•'<' Lord Beaumont announced his intention of voting against tho motion , and rose to protest against some of-the . doctrines to which Lord Stanley bad g iven utterance . He criticised the preliminary proposition in the noble lord ' s motion—a proposition which the noble lord himself had Tbund . it necessary . tofqu a l i fy in the course , of his speech .... He contended that Greece being an independent nation , ibe ' r _^ was no necessity for consulting any other power in' a quarrel with her , however politic it might be to do so . 1

      _Referring tO M : Pacifico ,. ' the noble lord -admitted that be had ' no respect for _. hirn , and . that he had put forward very exaggerated claims , but the house oug ht to consider _Thim as _anilnjurediindividual , to whom redress had been refused when applied for to the proper-legal authorities at : A ' thens . 'i Both to Mr . Finlay and M . Pacifico there had been a complete denial of justice ;„ and aftera review-of all the questions in dispute between , th ' o iwp governments , he . declared that , there was np ; course left for this country to _pursue . cxcept to employ force . - He characterised tho motion as-an un-English . and hostile motion , and he hoped the house would . _rejectit . _-..- ' ¦ _YiscounJLJdAKs . rsG . admitted . ' ! _$ _baithe _^ c , _bnjijiot , of the Greek Government , had -been eva '

      _sivejinnfequiyocaJ , out it did not follow that because the Greek Government had done wrong tho government of this country had done right . He pointed out- the 8 tr 6 ngobjections to-which : tho mode of dealing with ' Mr . Finlay ' s and _,: M . Pacifico ' s cases _wastopon in point of international law . He , also , drew attention to the case of tho Ionian subjects [ plundered by robbers , and showed that thero , too ,-the law- ol nations had been , violated by tho manner ; in which the government had demanded redress , i Ho reminded the house that there were , other countries in tho world nearly as ' powerful and-much less scrupulous in the exercise of their power than ours , and that these countries would probably make a disastrous use ofthe example which had thus been set . them .

      Lord Eddisbury , like the preceding speakers , reviewed each of the claims put forward against tho Greek Government , contending that in the _. aggregateat least the . refusal of them justifiedf measur e s of reprisal . In support of his view he quoted certain despatches of the Earl of Aberdeen . addressed to the English Minister at Athens , as showing tbe language which the government of that day held . to the Administration of King Otho . The Earl of _Hardwickb felt _satisfied that Admiral Parker had , ; not stnted to the government thnt . hehad been comp e lled to enter the D a rd a n e ll es by stress of weather . ,-Lord BRouonAM , ' having listened very attentively to the discussion , thought he . might , take a very

      short-sighted view pf the question , and say that it did not matter whether the British . or the Greek Government were right or wrong . Regarded in that light , the British government might be conpared to a man who went into Chancery for £ 100 . The government did , ; worse , for it went into Chancery for claims which were worth nothing , -He : denied that , the government had ; international law upon its side ; and it was ; so frightful , he _saidj to think tp what ¦ an extent war might ; rage all over the world if such doctrines as he had heard rashly put forth " in the house that _evening ; were to become established . Ho hoped their Lordships would do

      justice to tbemselves in the public opinion of Europe by _. _sbaking themselves free from the recent proceedings in Greece . Ho confidentl y expected th e y woul d d o so , and in ' sa yingf this h o , hove _testimonyto tho f ' _da bilit y and the p eaceful sentiment s o f L o r d ' almer ' stbn , ..- ' " ,,. ' Z . [' ¦ . '•>•' The bouse then divided , ' when there _iippeaved—Contents—Present' _.-... 113 Proxi o s ; ,. ; ..... ' . ' . ; . t , _i . 5 G—169 Nbn-Contents—Present . 77 Proxies ...... _; . ¦ .. ..: ; . ' ....... ' ..... 55—132 . Majority against ' government 87 , Their Lordships adjourned _aka quarter past three ' lock '

      oc . .. . v ... . ... u ' ;; HOUSE OF . COM ' _OKS .-Mr . ' _JiJAnous _' o'Connor presented a petition from , the Smithy Holme Mills in favour of the Ten Hours Bill .

      . _RATIONAL ; LAKD COMPANY .-Mr . , Fearocs 0 , 'CpNNon wished to put a question , to ihe right hop . gentleman the Secretary of State for the Home _^ Department . As the Court of Queen ' s Bench had _decided against the registration of the Land Company , and as Ministers had expressed a strong . -wish that _justjeo should be done to all tho parties concerne d , he took for . ' grant e d the ri ght b . on . baronet bad every wish that the rights of 70 , 000 persons should bo considered and fairly dealt with . Nowj what he roso to inquire was , whether the

      Government would give every _facilityito introducing and passing a bill for that purpose . . Ho should do all in his power to promote that object , and he thought lie had a right to expect that the government would give every possible facility . Sir G . Grby replied , that he was not aware of the decision to which tbo hon . member referred . As to giving facilities for passing a bill , he must reserve his opinion on-tbat point till the . bill came before the house . When the bill was before them , government would form an opinion on it . Till then he would say nothing . ' - ' ¦ .

      _Aduressks to _ihr Crown . —Lord J . Russeia called tbe attention of tho house to the course ! of proceeding with respect to addresses to the Crown . In the case of resolutions of that house aa opportunity was afforded for a reconsideration of its decision ; but when aft address to the Crown was a greed to , the advisers of the Crowp must either comply with the a dd res s , or , if not , there would-be a tendency to a breach between the Crown and the Hou 80 of Commons , which it was desirable , except on very grave occasions , to avoid . It seemed to bim desirable , in order to place addresses to tbo Crown on tho same footing as other proceedings of tbo house , that tho same course should , be pursued las with addresses to the Crown . in : answer to the Que e n ' s Speech—uamely—to refer them to a committee , who should make a report , whioh might ; be reconsidered , and an opportunity would thereby ibe afforded to the house to express its opinion upon

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      w 2-. ' neeessfy to alter the orders of the n _%£ ST _? _' _^"" _OK-ClREl-AND ) BlLlii _ On the _second'readingof this bill- . ¦ ¦ - ¦ _JijafciAwswnr . opposed the motion .- He had nooblectionf _to'those . _claiisos of the . bill which enabled her'Majesty to abolish tho offioe of Lord-Lieu tenant , bUfr . he W _8 S not prepared to carry ; : the principle _of-ceutralisation further ; ho objected to a fourth-Seoretary of State , and could not vote for the second ' reading of the bill if the government were determined to abide by the machinery contained in its concluding clauses . He detailed- at much length the grounds of his objections to this part of tho hill , which he considered the really

      important part of it . .. . . Sir R ; Pee ' l said , the main question was whether the arrangement proposed would conduce to tho good . government of Ireland ; to that result all par tial and local considerations should be subordinate . Ho wished he could see as others did its unequivocal advantages . - On the whole , however , he was content that the experiment should bo made , but with hesitation and doubt . He was aware ofthe difficulties which men of high character and great acquirements encountered in administering the government of Ireland ; but all theso difficulties were not to be attributed to the state of society in that country . When thero was a local parliament in Ireland , the relations betwixt the Lord-Lieutenant and the Chief-Secretary wore natural and

      constitutional ; but when tho local legislature was abolished , t h ey w ere mat e ri a lly altered , and the Chief Secretary acquired _grent power . Whatever good effects might 1 ' ollowthe removal of the "Viceroyship f rom Du bl in , he could not satisfy himself that , with respect to the local machinery and tho administration of-justice ,-the removal of the Lord-Lieutenant —a nobleman of high acquirements—animated with a sincere . deeiroto govern Ireland independently of parties , might not have an injurious effect . From the difficulty inherent in the maintenance of the relations between the Lord-Lieutenant and the Chief Secretary _^ arid from the objection he had to conferring ' upon the latter the dignity ofa Cabinet officer be was in c lined f a vour ably to receive this

      proposal . ; He admitted the increased facilities of communication , and that , if the experiment was to be madej thero could be no better timo to make it : With regard ; however , tothe power given by the bill to appoint a fourth Seoretary of State , he trusted tho _government would well consider whether-siioh : an-appointment was expedient ; there being ' but one Secretary of State for England , Scot la nd ,- and Wales . He ' - preferred a single Secretary of State for the united kingdom to a separ a te ' Secretary-for Ireland , which would afford less chance of unity of system than with a Lord-Lieutenant acting'under tho direct authority ofthe Secretary of ' ¦ State ; Suppose there were simulta neous popular ' commotions in England and

      Irelan d , which-required that the military should aid the civil po w er , would it not be better _that-there should be one man to take a combined view of the exigencies of the whole empire than that two _rnnii should , bo'separately pressing the Commander-in-Chief to afford tbem military aid ? lie feared , too , that there _was' _-some risk of collision of authority between the two co-equal Secretaries ; and in respect to legislation and criminal justice , their could beno uniformity . except under a singl e S ecretary o f State _^ 'There ' was no effort which he ( Sir Robert ) woiild ' not make to relievo the Home Secretary of part of his functions , and he thought that , in the distribution of the _functionspf the new Lord Chancellor , 'it might be possible to transfer to him somo of the present duties of the Homo Secretary ; ; He advised Sir G . Grey to take upon himself the Irish

      Secretaryship , in order that one mind mig ht di rect the domestic affairs of both countries . In / _Conclusion , he confessed he did not see tho change _proposed by this bill with complete freedom from arixiety ; and he asked , as a c om p en s ation for th e risk he was willing to incur , that as much unity and uniformity as possible should be imported into the machinery of administration . ! ¦ _¦ _*» Mr . EiB . 'RocnK should offer tho strongest opposition-in his power to this bill , arid he warned the house ' against making a chango'for the worse , at a time when : Ireland was in a state of collapse ; ¦ Mr . Napier- likewise opposed the bill , the professed object of which was to make a combined ex e cutive sy s t e m o f government ; whereas it perpetuated a separato administration for Ireland , and transferred it to England . :

      ¦ - ' Mr . Sadleiu supported the bill , contending that the bulk of the Irish nation was favourable to the abolition of an office winch was a most inefficient mode of governing Ireland , whilst it was ari * _inational ,- insulting , a nd d egra d ing to t h e I r ish people . ¦¦ ¦ ;"• ¦ ' - . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ Mr . Moor e criticised rather severely some of the speeches delivered on this and a preceding night ; their reasoning he treated as illogical , t b eir historical illustrations as . trite or inaccurate , and he called for more information before ho consented to pass this bill . - _¦ ¦ ' ¦ '' _' ¦ Lord _U aas s a id th a t , a lthoug h the office of Lord-Lieutenant . hadbeen held by men of great virtues , he did not think this was any reason for retaining an office which had all the features nf that ofa colo .

      nial governor without any of his real power . But whilo he votedfor the abolition of that office , as a bad mode of government , he did not approve the mode which was nroposed to be substituted . Sir G .-Gret said , there wero two questions , entirely distinct , and which should be kept so — first , whether ; the office of Lord-Lieutenant should he abolished ; secondly , in what manner its- duties should be performed if Parliament consented to its abolition . He agreed that the ruling consideration should be' how the , good government . ' of-Irel a nd co ' ulrf be best promoted , and this objectf ; boi _; thought would be inost likely to be attained > by bringing Ireland as much as possible within : the range of Imperial administration . He repeated , in reply to Mr .. Napier , tho arguments urged by Lord J . Russell-in favour of a Secretary of State for Ireland , present in the . Cabinet , and able to watch over there and in Parliament the interests of that

      country .- Ho concurred with Sir R . Peel that there should be unity of action in aU parts of the empire ,, ono mind pervading every department of the government . But tho real qu e stion w a s , whether , looking at the number and importance of the measures relating to Ireland daily brought before Parliament , and considering tho pressure of business in every branch of tho government , such an immense additional mass of labour could be uridcrtakenby the- Home Secretary . At- tho same time he though ¦ ¦ it would be extremely - . desirable , aud might be practicable after a time , that an arrangement should bo made by which the duties of these offices mi ght bo amalgamated , and discharged by one man . Sir : B ; Peel , however , had overrated the difficulties wliich might arise from the division of the secretaryships ,-though he ( Sir George ) admitted the importance of . concentrating as much as possible , and of imparting unity of action to , the system of administration . : ¦¦• . ¦ ¦¦

      • Mr .. M'OuiiiiAon considered this to bo really a question of transferring the whole government of I rel a nd fro m Ir e l a n d to Eng land , and lie asked tho House ; whether the present exigency or the immediate future of Ireland was propitious to this great and perilous measure ? He denied that Ireland'could bo justly governed if its legislative and executive administration were concentrated in Eng land ; and lie laboured to prove from even recent legislation that a distinction was maintained between . th ' e . biw . of Ireland and tbntof England . ¦

      ¦ Mr , _Sireiic rose to establish two propositionsfirst , that-thc office of Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland was useless ; secondly , that it , ought not to be merged in the Home-office . Bcforo the date of Catholic . Emancipation , the Lord-Lieutenant was a point of social and political centralisation , drawing about-him ' a small but-poweiful : class ; that act stripped him of las _j . ower , and ho became virtually tho subordinato- of his secretary . , It was inexpedient to . merge . ' the _office in-tliat of tlio Home Secretary , because in its present transition stato Ireland required the undivided and undistractcd attention of

      one man ., lie . would not sny that tho time might not c om e when tho a m a l gamation of the' offices should take place . Wlien English institutions wero attached . to Ireland instead of Ireland : to English institutions ; when parliament got leave of tlio English people to do what every man acquainted witli Ireland knew would p romot o her pe ac e an d security '; " then ; and not till then , th e g overnment of . that country should be merged in the _Honieofflce . In the interval , let not an addition be made to the burden of toil _ariol solicitude incidental to tho domestic administration of these islands .

      Mr . -Disraeli observed that Mr . Shed ' s arguments were in favour of retaining tho orfico which he p ro p osed to „ abolish .. lie said that Dublin Ca 3 tle was now purified , that Ireland was in a most peculiar situation , and lie was about-to vote for destroying th e loc al government so purified . Having perused this hill and heard the arguments-in its . favour ho ( MivDisraeli ) had a strong conviction that this was an _uuwisc measure , not well considered or matured . Tho appointment of a fourth _Secrotary of St ate w a s as much a p rinci ple of the bill us the abolition of tbo Lord-Lieutenant ; but admitting the latter tobe its princip le , no m a n was justified in voting for the abolition of an office which bad existed for centuries unless ho was prepared to

      voto _. for the substitute . Whon Mr . Pitt proposed the Un i on ho said his object wn s to p l a ce under onepublio will tho direction of the whole force of the empire . This scheme of the government was no more calculated to realise the plan of Mr . Pitt than the present form of administration . If the Secretary was to reside in Ireland , he would be its governor ; and if . not , be must depend upon subordinates , and could not bo free from local influence . Until he saw a wiser substitute proposed he . would not support the measure : fand bolieving the bill to be repugnant to the interests of the people of Ireland , he should oppose it . . Sir R . Lvolis asked , if this office was such a _nuisanoe _, why had it not been abolished before ?

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      Having heard . nothing in _J 85 . Q , wbich , should . iml uoe him to alter the vote he Should , _bavefgiven in . _1844 , he WaB not ' ' prepared' _ttfsuppbrfi'ih'b' _protection of the government . 'f'ff' ' Z \ _'* ' f f ' . " _?;? ' Z Mr ; Reynolds opposed the bill- arid implored the h ouse to ' reject it , arid to ' spare this' infliction upon a country already so severely afflicted . _•'' - ¦ ' ••' The house began to exhibit symptoms of'irapaticrico , amidst which Colonel Thompson spoke ia support of the bill , and Mr . Butler against it . _;;;_ ' Upon a division , the second reading was earned _by _295 _again _8 _t _' _, _70 _. _:, - _•; " '" ! The other business having been disposed of , tho house adjourned at a quarter to 1 o'clock . TUESDAY . June 18 . ,

      nOUSE OF LORDS ;—Encojibebbd Esiatbs—The Marquis of Westmkath , on tho motion for the third reading of tho _^ Encumbered Estates Amendment ( Ireland ) Bill , moved the addition of a clause by which a minimum of fifteen years ' ' purchase upon the profit rental of . estates was fixed for . all legal sales by tho commissioners appointed . under the act . Tho neble earl supported his proposition by rec a p itulating many of . tho statements ; advanced on a previous evening , and contended that to allow estates to be foroibly sold ' at the . ratos which in

      some recent instances had been suffered , was equi _~ valent to confiscation ofthe properties . ' ? The Earl of Carlisle considered tbat tbe clause would be an injury and incumbrance upon the measure , and felt assured that it would be disallowed by the Lower house when the Bill got there . ; He showed that it would fetter the commissioners in sales , at the same time that in practice it would be impossible to work it fairly . With estates where the rents were realised fifteen years' purc h ase'was too little , while in .- ' other- cases where they were nominal it would be too much .. - ., . '

      The Earl : of Wickxow also opposed the clause _,, and remarked upon the loss of dignity wbich their lordships were incurring by adding provisions to the Bill which , they were certain the House of Commons would retrench . ; Lord Stanley observed that the question . was whether tbe Encumbered : Estates Commissioners s h ould h a ve a le g isl a tive limi t to their di sc retion over the land sales . From their foregone proceedings be contended that they had not deserved to be left without control . ¦ _:-.-.-. .. - .:: Earl Fiiz William disapproved ofthe clauses , ' and after an explanation from Earl Cahliblb _, and Bomo remarks from Lord Glbnoall ; and Lord _Stbad-BitoKK , their lordsbips divided upon Lord Westmeath's motion .... i .

      . Contents ... ... . ... ... 32 . Non-Contents .... ... " - ... 3 . 0 Majority against the government <¦ —2 . The Marquis ofWESiMEATii then moved the ; addition of another clause for protecting from arrest the proprietors of encumbered estates during the progress of the legal formalities anticipatory of the sales ' . " . _; :. _'< - ; :. I . ThcEarlofCABLTSLE declined to . divide upon the motion , although he disapproved of the clause . Tho addition being , made , the bill was read a third time and passed . : - , ' r : On tho motion of Lord Lucan , the Distress ' for Rent , ( Ireland ) Bill was read a third-timeiand passed .. ¦ . _'•¦* ¦ _¦ : -. t Tho Landlord and Tenant Bill , and the Small Tenement Recovery Bill were respectivel y read a second time . _¦• ¦¦ _.

      - SritAXGERs in the LoR » s . —The Marquis of Lamdowne gave notice for Friday next of a motion to appoint a committee to inquire into the arrangements made for the accommodation , of . strangers in their lordships' bouse .: The noble marquis referred to the occurrence of the previous evening , w hen tbe Chevalier Bunsen was summarily extruded from the gallery , and stated that tho object of his proposed committee was to define the places that should be appropriated to the foreign , ambassadors and their families . . ' ¦ ' :. . _.-. : > _-. -,.: Their lordships then adjourned , at seven o ' clock , until Friday . . J- - ' : ¦¦>" HOUSE OF -COMMONS . - Gnowiu op COitoN

      in India . —Mr . ; Bbioht , moved an _addressed the Crown to appoint a commission to proceed to India to inquire into the obstacles which prevent an increased growth : of cotton in that country , _and-to report upon any circumstances that may injuriously affect the condition of tbe native cultivators bf the soil in the presidencies of Bombay nnd Madras . Ha began by snowing tho : importance of the object , to insure a n a d equate suppl y of tho raw material for the cotton manufactures of this country , which employed 2 , 000 , 000 of our population , and an amount of capital much greater than was embarked in any other manufacturing trade in the united kingdom , and which _^ p ro d uce d tho largest p ro p ortion of our exports . The amount of raw cotton imported hi

      1800 was 56 , 000 , 0005 ) ., in 1849 it had increased to 754 , 000 , 0001 b . Our supply was from the following sources , and in the following -proportions : —The United States , ¦ ¦ 78 _J percent . ; the ; British possessions in India , 10 $ per cent . ; E gypt , 3 $ per cent . ; and the British West Indies , i per cent . Tbe crop in the United-States was liable to great fluctuations , causing much loss to . operatives as well as ' _manufactift'ersj-whilc ' thc consumption bf cotton on tha . contineut . ef : Eu . to . pe nnd ; iu America was ' rapidly increasing , apparentl y be yon d t h e power of production ; and an advance of Id . per lb . on raw cotton would amount to- £ 3 , 000 , 000 sterling . Such an increase of tbe cost ofthe raw materialtonded to' limit consumption , and involve the trade in

      embarrassment . ' Another consideration was , that tho American cotton was the product of slave labour , and i f from anycauEo slavery should be abolished in the United States , the cultivation of cotton would be greatly interfered with . In these 'circumstances , there being no present prospect of an adequate supply from our African , . Australian , or West Indian colonies / it was natural to turn to British India , and there were valid reasons fov so doing . India had always grown cotton , and at this time the quantity raised there was not far short ofthe whole produce of the United States . The soil was adapted and the people habituated to its cultivation . From 173 S to the present timo the _Ea-t India Company had bestowed their attention . upon Indian-cotton ,

      sending out cleaning machines ; gins , and American planters ; they had established experimental farms , and had expended in their endeavours to promote the growth of cotton not less that £ 100 , 000 . ' The select committee of 1848 had expressed its belief that the _soil | and climate , and population- of India justified tho expectation that this' country might receive thence large supplies of cotton ; yet lip to this moment ' there had been no results , " in considering the causes of this disappointment , be _ldoked to the condition of the people of India , which was one o f extrem e , a l ject , and almost universal poverty . Mr . Bright read the testimony of Rammohun Roy , and various writers , i n ol udin g one of the American planters sent out by tho East India

      uompany , to tnc depressed condition ot the- peasantry o f Indi a , the ruin of tho landed aristocracy , and the exactions-on account of the government revenue . " The poverty of the people , '' Mr . Shore sai d , " was almost beyond belief . " The report of tho select committee of 1848 stated that the cultivators in tho cotton districts in tbe west : and south of India were in the most alject condition , d epend e nt upon mon e ylen de r s , who extorted forty or fifty per cent ., and regulated prices at their will . He found that the tuccavy' advances made by the government- of India , to enable the ryots to carry on cultivation amounted to no less than £ 500 , 000 a year . Mr . Bright then proceeded to show , from various authorities , the defects in tho

      internal communications in India , and ¦ the deficiency , of artificial irrigation , which alone , he thought , justified the interference of Parliament . But there was another subject upon wliich a difference of opinion prevailed , namely , the land assessment , and the mode in-which it was levied . Some maintained that ' , tho government being the landlord , this assessment was rent ; , but he _contendedi that the government baving the power of arbitrarily fixing " its amount andof enforcing its collection to tho ruin of the cultivator , it was widely distinguished from what we called rent . After anticipating and _answering the objections which might bo offered to his motion , Mr . Bright

      _suggested that there was a precedent for it in 1822 , when a Royal Commission was appointed to inquiro into tho condition of tbe Cape of Good Hope , the Mauritius , an d Cey l on , the commissioners bein _<* instructed to inquire into thb tenures of land , the system of cultivation , & c . ' In c onclusion , he drew the attention of the house to the enormous revenues nt the disposal of- the E a st In d i a Com p any , who in fourteen yearsfrom 1834 to 1847 — had collected a revenue of £ 316 , 000 , 000 sterling , or ( deducting interest for debt ) £ 20 , 000 , 000 a year ; . whilst the net revenue of Great Britain , exclusive of debt , was but £ 25 , 000 , 000 .

      Sir J . Hobhousk assured Mr . Bright that ho wa _» sensible of tho importance of this subject and of its bearings , and if he thought the plan' proposed by him would answer his object lie would- ' say , " Take your Royal _ComniisBion . andfniake 1 tha best use you can of it . " But the motion involved not only tho question of tho best mode : of aecuring a large and constant supply of cctton from , India , but tho economical and industrial condition of the native population . He did not- think iu either respect any case had been made out . The imports of cotton had been steadily increasing for the last ten years , and Indian cotton waB no- ex .

      ception . Mr . Bright bad confessed tbat no _negleofj was imputable to the East India _Companyihrthi s matter , and it appeared from . a summary prepared by Dr . Royle , that from 1788 the' company , had never ceased their efforts to improve the cultivation of cotton in their territories . The . select committee of 1848 , which bad be e n , named , by Mr . Bright , and of which he was chairman , had examined every available authoritv , and their , report did not ,, recommend a Royal ' Commission ; it attested the costly efforts of the East India : Company , and acknowledged that , whilst the cottoniof _Guzerat had not been permanently improved in quality that

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), June 22, 1850, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_22061850/page/7/