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Northern Star (1837-1852), 20th January 1849, Edition 3 of 3, Page 5, Glass liidewell January 30, 1849. THE NO...

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      The Victims.^Tohn Arnott, Somers Town, A...

      Swing Glass ; Mr liidewell , ditto , one dozen of Brushes , and forty-five Trims ; Mrs . Windier , ditto , racket of Fleet Tapers and Tracts ; Tom _Taine Locality . Tope ' s Essay on Man ; _Jir . Rogers , Westminster , Gander ' s Sermons ; and Mr . Harrop , Diprose ' s Comic Songster ; Mr Charles Keen , a splendid original Oil Painting , " Liberty rising from the Sea , " in gilt frame ; Mr Rogers , ¦ Wes tminster , an Antique Chair ; and the Ernest Jones locality , one pair of Men ' s Oxonian , and one pair of glazed Dress Shoes ; the Committee of the Literary Institution , John-street , 20 s . ; Mr . Davis , ditto , ls . ; Loughborough , per J . Skevington , is . fid . ; Mr Turner , Somers Town , 6 d . ; Mr Gulliford , 3 d . ; Mr D yson , Shoreditch , Is . ; a Lady , at John-street , 2 d . J . W ., Tlyinouth . — Yes , you are liable to lie taken at any

      Glass Liidewell January 30, 1849. The No...

      January 30 , 1849 . THE NORTHERN STAR . ___™_«_»_^^ 5

      The Parliamentary Soiree. We Mnst Remind...

      THE _PARLIAMENTARY SOIREE . We mnst remind the London Chartists that the soiree to be g iver , to the people ' s friends in Parliament , will come off on Monday evening , January the 29 th , at the Institution , John-street , Tottenham-court-road . The local committees should exert themselves to make the festival worthy of the occasion . There is no time to lose—the good work must , therefore _, be set about instantly .

      Receipts Of The National Land Company, F...

      RECEIPTS OF THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY , Fok ihe Week Ending Thursday , _Jascaut 13 , 1849 . SHARES . £ s . d . £ s d . Westminster .. 0 10 Coventry .. o 15 0 Cardiff .. 0 2 0 Bristol .. 1 5 G Blackburn .. 3 13 9 Manchester .. 17 0 Bermondsey .. 0 C 0 Abergavenny .. 5 0 0

      Falkirk .. 0 15 6 lir Hefferman .. 0 2 6 _Xanuwlb .. 010 6 Mr . Stewart .. 0 10 0 Canipsie .. 0 1 G 10 Mr . Moore .. 0 10 Chepstow .. - J o * E . Hancock .. 0 5 0 Ilyde . .. 3 11 0 Mr . Arthur .. 0 10 _Aotthnghain _, Mr . Lewis .. 0 10 . Sweet .. o 15 2 15 . Moss .. OHO Btshopwearmouth 0 14 0 T . Trumble .. 0 10 Preston , Hrown 2 S 1 _Honu-. _urhold .. 0 4 0 Hull l 14 6 - Rochdale .. 1 17 2 £ 29 15 0 EXPENSE FUNDeockermonth ' .. 0 2 0 Treston , Brown 0 4 3 Westminster .. 0 3 G Bristol .. 0 12 10 Campsie .. 0 4 0 M . Swales .. 0 2 6 Chepstow .. 0 5 0 _XottHigliam ,. £ 1 16 1 Sweet .. 0 2 0 __________ TOTALS . Land Fund 29 15 0 Expense ditto 1 16 1 Bonus ditto ... ... ... 21 13 10 loan ditto 1 10 5 Transfers ... ... ... ... 0 19 0 £ 55 14 4 _** _Soticz . —The person who last week sent a Post Office Order for £ 1 ., from Stalybrid £ e without any address or advice , will oblige by immediately corresponding with the Directors as to its application . W . Dixox , C . Dotle , T . Clark , Cor . Sec . P . M'Grath , Fin . Sec . EXECUTIVE FUND . PerS . Ktdd . —Sorwien , Conrad _Sprinjrall , 5 s . ; Huddersfield ( _fortcards ) , 5 s . ; Sheffield , ti . Cavill , Is . ; Northampton , per Mr . Kyrnell , 7 s . NEW YEAR'S GIFT . Per S . Ktdd . —Huddersfield , E . Sykes , 8 s . Cd . ; _Hij-h Burton , ditto , _Gs . 2 _Jd . ; Honley , ditto , 5 s . 70 . ; Greenwich , J . Mon-an , 2 s . ; Norwich , C . Springall , 5 s .,- Hyson Green , 3 . Sweet , ls . ; Mr . Lygo , ditto , Is . ; Mr . Hunt , ditto , 3 d . ; Alnwick , J . Young , os . ; Hampstead , Mr . Lund , 5 s . Sd . ; Greenwich , Mr . Paris , Is . ; Burnley , W . Buttenvorfli , 4 s . ; Brighton , W . Flower , fls . ; Clitlieiv * , J . Hoberteon , ls . ; Robert Knowles , ls . ; Commercial Hall , os . ; Winchester , 3 s . ; Star and Garter , 2 s . 'Jd . DEFENCE FUND . Fer W , RlPEB , —T , Smith , Kidderminster , Is . ; S . Lyall , ciitto , 3 d . ; G . Derbvshire . Leeds , Is . « d . ; W . Coltman , _Kano Forte Tuner , Leicester . 3 s . Cd . ; Eastiield Side , Sutton , per T . Savior , 5 s . ; Xotthurham , per J . Sweet , 5 s . ; V . Ashwortli and * T . Howarth , ls . _Gd . ; Council of Leicester _Rational Charter Association , per IL Green , 10 s . ; Stokeslev , per W . Coates , 4 s . ; _Midgley , per J . Naylor , 12 s . Gd . ; _Woribro' Common , per IL Ellison , ISs . lid . ; Alnwick , per 3 Young , 16 s . Cd . ; » HoImfirth , per H . Marsden , 2 s . 6 ( L ; Mr . BirtwisUe , Ashton _. ' yer Mr . Taylor , 2 s . ; Lincoln , per Mr Budd , 2 s . Gd . ; Swindon Xew Town ( proceeds of a Ball ) , per P . Thompson , £ 1 « s . 2 d . ; Carlisle , _jwr Mr . Gilbtxtson , IDs—Total , £ 6 3 s . 2 d . VICTIM FUND . Per S . Ktdd . —Sheffield , G . Cavill , 2 s . ; Huddersfield , Mr . Jessop , Gd . ; Norwich , W . Tuffs , 2 s . lid . ; Aslacton , Uriah Wooderoft , ls . Gd . ; John-street Institution , Three Friends , *>< = _iid . ; Mrs . Blake , 9 _d- Per Land _Ofhce . —Birkenhead . Is . ; ( i . Cook , Lambeth , 2 s . ; Mr . Panis , Greenwich Is . ; rtobert Jervis , Is . ; Georjre Dempster , Ss . ; An Old Chartist , Is . ; Wm . Butterworth , Burnley , 4 s . ; Darnel Broad , Is . ; James _Hew-art , Is . Gd . ; Thomas Bitmead , ls . ; J . Danes , Whittington and Cat , Us . FOR WIVES AND FAMILIES OF VICTIMS Per W . IUder . _—EastfieM Side , Sutton , per T . Naylor , 5 s . ; Holmfirth . per II . Marsden , 2 s . Cd . ; London , Mr . Wood , 2 b , 2 d . ; _Brighton , per W . Flower , £ 1 12 s . Gd . FOR MRS- JONES . Ter W . Rides . —London , Mesdanies Xowley , Magee , Aclan , and Simmons , 2 s . 6 d . FOR MRS- M'DOUALL . Per "W . B . IDEE . —London , Mesdames 5 ! ewley , Magee , Aclan , and Simmons , 2 s . Gd ,

      3 Tlie Sum Of 4s. 2d., Acknowledged Last...

      3 Tlie sum Of 4 s . 2 d ., _acknowledged last week fromHolmfirth , for Executive , was for Defence Fund ; and the £ 1 10 s . from Hamilton , was intended for Families of Victims . t This sum ( with 6 s . sent for Executive ) was the produce of a concert held , in commemoration of the aged patriot ' s natal dav , at the Artichoke Inn . Mr . Flower is 78 years of age , and " can vet battle the enemy like a " good ' un . "

      Letters To The Working Classes. Xxx T . ...

      LETTERS TO THE WORKING CLASSES . XXX T . " Words are things , and a small drop of ink Falling—like dew—upon a thought , produces That which makeB thousands , perhaps millions , think . " btro : <" _- "TAWS GRIND TUE POOR . AND RICH

      MEN RULE THE LAWS !" Brother _Promtariaks , The destruction of human life at the Infant Pauper Establishment at Tooting , is another frightful example of the working of tbat blessed system , which ha 3 of late been so often eulogised as "the a-lmiration ofthe world and the envy of surrounding nations . " By the system" I mean not merely the Government of Queen , Lords , Commons , feather-bed Field Maisbals , Maids of Honour , Judges , Bishops , Soldiers , Policemen , and Spies . I mean the svstem in its social , as well as its

      politieal , character . A sy-tem 1 pronounce villanous and murderous . ' * Walk , " said the Times , _addressing Lons Blaxc , a few months ago : " Walk along Regent-street , and view the sh -ps filled to repletion with the produce of this country and the wealth of the world . Gaze thereon , and contrast therewith the half-ruined capital you have come from , and you -will then be compelled to _acknowledge _ourgreatnesasanation , and the wisdom of those whofounded , and those who have preserved those glorious institutkus , which ensure the stability of Order' with its consequent _blessings—national liches , and general contentment I " wordsot

      Snch was the meaning ( if not the precise ) the insolent address of the Times to Lotus _Blakc . AU the while the Times well knew thatthe person it addressed had but to diverge a few streets from the line of promenaderecommended . to find misery fully eS ? to- pertaps _escelling-anything of the sort . o Snd itiParis . The tones _^ b ** _£ _mog _™ _% _™ _^ _liV & J mT lmti-tt the 2 flourished . 'to an extent _unknown in . tbt French capital , Where W _^ J _^ _g _^ _^ SS habitations _\ ice naturally _re-gns . ffi

      and abbey * . ., n-weii as west , Louis And east , north , and _»^ _S evidences of Bi _^ kc might have _foui >* ° ™ ££ _^ _dish system . ihe rottenness of the _^^ _jJSf « m £ ns in That superannuated buffoon , _^ _^ im _ ginary ite _impresdon puhlished _^ s _jeek a J in _^^^^ _S _^ _s- if Siirroundmg this picture there are c { the French , Spanish , Italian , and t , e f _° _?" _.- _« _..,. ' _geSe breathing of « vU war , murder . _^^ _Serery kind '' Communism' _umO >* _*_ « despair . _^ ° usee _^ p C ° f But to prevent all mismanifest to _^ _Jgrf . _^ _jjEJJ drawn ( What at takes , like the _arUsti- > ™ t * j en wrote under least he intended for a _hoM , ana * ne ___^_ _^ mh _^^ _ZZL is - place like home !» _mmoif -

      .. _™ . , _Amm the iuasc ' ito ul ¦ ' * " ** Now turn your eyes from ne i _^ . _^ _ . _^ _lourgeois-buSoon tp Jhe _hOTTlOiSi _& _ Tooting pest-house ! _I-l _^ _. _Lfn _grounded by Englishman's home , the ch * Wren , _~ urr every comfort , not to say luxury , . are _: som _^ ing , some romping , . aU ? PP _% _^ h o aiS ace , hut trSe , perhaps , ofthe interior of Pimhco P _p ' s the verv reverse of the actualities of _Vf " ¦• _ dismal den . In that pest-house the _imhappy _cW dren have been sacrificed at the altar of ProM . * j proprietor lived by « farming" _^ P _^^ f _^ _Sest and how he farmed them , the evidence on -he lnquesi will inform vou . Over-crowding , lack of venUlation , insufiicieut clothine , improper and insufficient looa 5

      Letters To The Working Classes. Xxx T . ...

      damp , cold , and foul exhalations produced their natural results—first diarrhcea , then cholera . Fourteen days elapsed between the appearance of the premonitory symptoms and the breaking out of the plague , yet no steps were taken to arrest the minor disorder , and prevent the coming of the Asiatie scourge . The surrounding nuisances remained unabated—there was no improvement m clothing , food , or ventilation—no amendment in the medical department of the establishment . The Destroyer came , and within a fortnight eighty children—so says Mr . "Wakley—were carted away to the grave I llappywere the unfortunate children when death terminated their sufferings . Imagine the poor creatures , two , three , and even fourin a bed

      , , some just seized with the disease , some far advanced m suffering , some in the _ext-eme state of agony , and others dying ! Imagine these wretched little beings , vomiting and purging with that- violence and torture which are distinguishing marks of cholera _, with no adequate convenience or attendance ,- " I found , says Mr . Grainger , " / our of the female wards under the care of one nurse . " Messrs . _Grader and _Popham relate that the floor and bedclothes were soaked with the evacuations of the suttenng children , owing to the total insufficiency of nurses and attendants . Amidst these horrors upwards of a hundred of the victims perished . The records of voyages on the fatal coast of Africa could alone furnish any parallel to this wholesale

      destruction of human life . But the victims of the Niger expedition encountered death with their eyes open . They were not compelled to brave such ' a doom . The Exeter Hall ' ' Philanthropists" projected and the Government patronised that insane enterprise , but the men who engaged in it , knew the character of the climate they dared to encounter . Moved by the lore of adventure or the hope of reward , tbey went on their romantic expedition with their lives in their hands , and too many of the brave fellows paid the fatal penalty of their temerity . But , in the case of the * ' pauper-children , '' the poor victims were not free agents . They did not voluntarily take up their abode at Tooting . In _encountei iuz the privations and abominations which led themtodeath , they were animated neither by the love of adventure , nor the hope of fame or reward . The helpless victims of a pitiless system , they were

      "firmed out * to live if they could live , and if not to die . And such a death ! " Marcus" was a philanthropist , compared with those who , at present , -provide for the " Extinction of Pauperism" by _extinguishing the paupers' lives . It u true that that philosopher" _proposed a legalised system of plain , downright MURDER , but then he showed himself not utterly _mercile-s when he proposed to murder by " painless extinction . " What father but would rather tbat his children , if they must perish , should die by an over-applieation of ether or chloroform , than by the horrible disease _engendered in the Tooting pest-house ? Marcus must be regarded as a minister of humanity , when compared with the inhuman traffickers in the lives of '' pauper-childrec " Behold the fruits of the hlessed system glorified by the truculent Times and the rest of the vile _Presseanp . Happy England ! "There is no place like home . !"

      Tbe Timet has _recently started on a crusade against mendicants and begging-impostors . No one can doubt thai the street shams are a numerous c ' , hut to condemn all who appeal to the _pisser-by for alms , would be grnss injustice . Many impostors are not to be nrstaken . particularly the preaching and psalm-singing vagabonds , who of late years have bo much infested the streets . But undeniable faots attest that too many honest men are driven to mendicity ai their last resource . A few days _f go , it was state- ' , at a meeting of tbe rate-payers of St Andrew ' s , Holborn , that fifty thousand artisans in London alone were out of employment . Will the Times assert tbat these fifty thousand men , or any portion of them , driven to the streets , are impostors ? A correspondent of ihe Builder having suggested that the arches ofthe South-Western Railway at Lambeth might he floored and boarded at the sides to

      serve as night refuges for the houseless puor _, the Athenwum remarks thereon that" Few of the sons and daughters of luxury in this " metropolis know how many of their fellow-citizens '' are homeless amid all its homes—have no other " place in which to shelter their heads from the ' * north wind than door-ways , benches inthe parks , " railway arches , cold stone steps , and gutters . " These homeless ones may le counted in thousands . " They embrace women and children — infants of " tender age — who absolutely ntvtr knew the mtanituj " of the word 'home . '" Are these homeless thousands impostors ? And how does it happen that if mendicity is the thriving calling it is asserted to be by the Times , that these unhappy deniiens of the streets , cannot obtain sufficient from public charity to enable them to procure a night ' s lodging ?

      Believe me , brother proletarians , there are more impostors , thau those who hail from St . Giles ' s . There are impostors in " purple and fine Mnen , " in silk and broad-clotb , in wigs and shovel-hats ; and I fancy you will agree with me , that " A rogue in rags is twice a rogue in Imvn . '' Street-beggars , too , are not the only persons who live by lving , otherwise certain gentlemen in Printing House-square might go hungry . Of all impostors , assuredly those are the worst who cry up the present system as the perfection of wisdom , and who insult the wretched by reminding them that 4 ' there is no place like home !" L'Ami du Peupie . London , Jan . 18 th , 1819 .

      Public Meeting. The Late Chartist Trials...

      PUBLIC MEETING . THE LATE CHARTIST TRIALS . — CHARTIST _ORGANISATION . A crowded public meeting convened bf the Executive Committee , was held at the literary and Scientific Institution , John-street , Fitzroy-square , on Monday evening , January loth . Mr . Henry Ross was unanimously called to tlie chair , and said : He thought it right that every man should have the opportunity of scanning the conduct of those in power , and pronouncing an opinion thereon ; if we had not such a power , or such liberty , then were we slaves . It was little use railing at the measures of the government , as the government was invariably the reflex of the middle classes . We meet to-night not to impugn the right of any—but ,

      on the contrary , to maintain , defend , and demand rights for all . " ( Loud cheers . ) We belong to no party—are of no faction , but are of the people , and forthe people . He would introduce Mr . Dixon to move the first resolution : — " That , in the opinion of this meeting , government prosecutions instituted against individuals for the expression of their political opinions , have been in all ages odious and unjust ; and have , in most cases , orig inated with the governing faction from a desire on their part to check and lessen the liberty of the subject . That the evidence adduced during the late state trials at the Old Bailey in London , and in the courts of Tork and Liverpool , clearly prove a disgraceful system ofesnionagetohave been practised bv the Russell Cabinetand their

      cm-, plovers , for the basest of purposes , and calls loudly for _' the opposition and censure of every enlighteneu and _Uliercil-minded citizen of the realm . Mr . _Dixos , on rising to move the first _^ olution , was received with loud applause . He said , that it was now a dangerous thing to stand upon aplattorm to enunciate political opinions since the pas 8 inS 01 the Whig Gaggini- Bill , which measure had been passed for the express purpose of circumscribing tne _ibertr of the subject . Ho , however , thought that the people had yet some privileges If , _*•** * _S could and should exercise , one of which was to meet in public , and mark with their severest censure sucn despotic measures . For such a constitutional purr « . ia , * hAv were met on this occasion . The

      resoiu-Iution which he had read called m question Hie conduct of the Russell Cabinet , as manifested in the late state trials , and he , Mr . Dixon , hoped m discussin _<* this matter that they would do it calmly , but at the ° same time firmlv . For his part , he considered the conductof the government highly reprehensible ; and when he called to mind the way in which the Whigs in days gone by used to point out to the people the conduct of the Castlercagh and Sidmouth administrations in the uso of tpies and mformers , he was almost surprised ( if anything the mugs did ou _<* ht to surprise him ) to find Russell and Grey in the late prosecutions , acting a part more derogatory and despicable than even Ca 6 tlereagh and Sidmouth . He charged them and their creatures with getting up those conspiracies , and he- thought every man who attended the trials at the Old It is

      Bailey would he ofthe same opinion . now a matter of historv , brought out in the evidence of Powell ( or lying Tom ) , who stated that he was in constant communication with the authorities long before anv steps were taken to prevent the conspiracy , but everv thing done to entrap a few _enthusiastic men ; then we had Barrett or Hell fire Dick , who said he joined the Chartists on _purpose __ to entrap them—he joined them in the last week m May , and he was in communication with the authorities the first week in June . If this conduct is to be tolerated no man is safe ; he saw no hope of a change from this unjust and disgraceful state of things , until the people in the majesty of their intelligence say that misrule and oppression must cease . Mr . Dixon then read the resolution , and resumed his seat amid the plaudits of the meeting .

      Mr . M'Grath seconded the resolution . Afte / . _* ; Whig reign of terror through which they had just past , it was a matter of complacency to the friends Sf the movement , to witness so numerous an assembly , determined once more to rear aloft the brignt banner of the Charter , with tho motto of _* o Surrender . " ( Cheers . ) The infamous conduct of the Whi" Ministry had imposed a solemn duty upon all honest citizens . ( Hear . ) And that was a distinct and manly repudiation of . that perfidious state 2 icy wbiub _ewicocts _conspiracies , and w akes

      Public Meeting. The Late Chartist Trials...

      Pmips , spies , perjurers , and informers part and Parcel of tho machinery of government . ( Cheers . ) The resolution which had been so lucidly submitted to thc meeting by Mr . Dixon , pronounced , in unmistakable language , sentence of condemnation upon this sly , insidious , anti-English policy . Tyrants have , in all ages , availed themselves 6 f thc odious services of spies and informers . It is said , by a Roman historian , that the decline ofthe glory of the Eternal city was characterised by thc employment of spies ; what delight tlie millions of Great Britain would experience , could they assure themselves that the utter and eternal downfall of Whiggery was portended by the same sign . ( Cheers . ) We have heard from time to time much eloquent ({ enunciations of the uniust rule of Sidmouth and

      Castlereagh . More worthy in my opinion , of condemnation , is the sway of Russell ana Grey . ( Hear , hear . ) In the days of the first two worthies , espionage and subordination were unblushingl ' y practised . Madden , the Irish historian , informs us that from 1790 to 1800 , a band of profligate wretches were supported in Dublin at the public expense , whose horrible business was to swear away thc liberty or lives of those whom infuriated authority marked as victims . These monsters occupied a house opposite Kilmainham jail , and a part of the prison , which arc to this day ' known respectively as the stag-house and stag-yard . But the greater portion of them were lodged within thc precincts of the castle , and under the eye of tho Lord-Lieutenant , drilled b y Majors Sirr , Swann , and Sandys , to _expertness in their hollish calling . ( Hear . ) Many a

      noble Irish spirit languished a long life in chainsmany a patriotic heart bled upon the scaffold through the perjury _^ of these detested fiends . But which are the most infamous , those dregs of humanity who take the blood money and murder by perjury , or the master monsters by whom they arc fostered , paid and instructed ? Our Whig government have been recently indulging themselves in some of those pranks of despotism . They havo sent their spies among society , who have concocted and fostered conspiracies , to * the end that they might receive the reward of their betrayal . It will ever bo the case , that as long as thc spy is encouraged , even when not specialty instructed to do so , he himself will get " up plots and explode them , to show his masters his worth and

      utility to the public service . Such has been tho conduct of the villain Powell , alias -lying Tom , one of the blackest monsters that ever disgraced the witness box , or polluted the Evangelists . Poor , honest , and enthusiastic Cuftey —( loud cheers ) inwho so often stood upon this platform advocating — his rough , but fervid and truthful manner , the principles of Democracy , with several others , is the victim of this Whig-instructed fiend . Another of the allies of her Majesty's advisers in their crusade against Chartism , is Mr . Barrett ; a convicted thief . Next comes a particular protegee of Sir John Jervis , whom he introduces to thc notice of the court as a respectable man . His respectability was , however , considerably diminished before he left the witness-box . Since his debut at the Old

      Bauey his stock-in-trade was sold up by his landlord for twelve shillings , and his household furniture for less than a pound . ( Laughter . ) Before this filthy wretch became a Whi g crusader against liberty he supported himself upon the guilty profits ofa brothel . Such were the instruments wielded by Whiggery to entrap , degrade , and crush enthusiastic but incautious Chartists . But , thank God instead of degrading and crushing our cause , they recklessly loaded themselves with an amount of obloquy under which they may stagger for a time , but which must ultimately crush them as a political party . ( Cheers . ) The conduct of the judge in passing sentence upon Cuffey and the other victims of espionage , was most unbecoming . Every man

      is interested in driving from power a faction -which endangers the lives and liberties of the community . Mr M'Grath proceeded still further to comment upon the atrocity of the spy system , during which Mr O'Connor , accompanied by Mi- Clark , entered the hall . No sooner did the audience get a sight of thc champion of democracy , than he was greeted by the most deafening cheering and waving of hats anil handkerchiefs , winch lasted during his progress to the platform , and was renewed with the greatest enthusiasm on his taking his seat . On the subsidence of the cheering , Mr M'Grath concluded bis address , amid loud cheering , by seconding the resolution .

      Mr . S . Ktdd , who was received with loud applause , then came forward to support the resolution . On coming forward he read a letter of apology from Julian Harney , expressive of his sympathy with the political prisoners , and his regret that his pressing duties , in connexion with the Northern Star , prevented him attending the meeting . Mr . Kydd then proceeded to say , tnat the mover and seconder ofthe resolution had ' said , with a great show of justice , that government were the promoters of the conspiracies that had been complained of . In Bradford the middle classes had suffered themselves to be frightened almost out of existence—spies had been employed—riots and tumults had prevailed ; yet , in Leeds , a manufacturing town only ten miles distant , in which the same species of trading

      existed , and with a much larger population , no riots or tumults prevailed . Why i Because Mr . Carbut , a highly intelligent man , presiding as mayor , respectiugpublic opinion , and calling public meetings for its expression on all occasions—refused to he a tooland , consequently , no spies were employed , and the peace of tlie town was preserved . At Bingley , in the same county , an ignorant magistracy suppressed public opinion—spies were employed—victims were made—and gaols were filled . At Keighley , a few miles off , thc people refused to have anything to do with police and constabulary , but were their own protectors , and no disorder—no scenes of riot

      prevailed . Did not these things bring tho conspiracy home to the government ? ( Loudcheers . ) Itwas a proverb , " That curses , like chickens , came home to roost , " and he thought that the curse of spyism would fall upon the Whigs . Those who wanted the Charter must do something more than ask—they must show their faith in then- good works . Then up , and by your wise words and virtuous actions show your faith in the words of thc poet , that" Freedom's battle once begun , Bequeathed from bleeding sire to son , Though baffled oft is ever won . " Tho resolution was then put and carried unanimously .

      Mr . Stallwood rose to move the second resolution as follows : — " That government , to be of practical benefit to society , securing protection to tho life , property , and interest of all its members , ought in fusticcto reflect the intelligence , probity and will ofthe majority of the people ; and we , in public meeting assembled , are decidedly of opinion that such result would be eventually secured , by the enactment ofthe People's Charter as the basis of tlie representative portion of the British constitution . " This resolution asserted the great principle enunciated some fifty years ago by that astute Englishman , who by his severe simplicity and moral grandeur , aided by his " Common Sense , " had called up a great people and erected a great nation : hesaid i ii

      "tnat every man nau a _rignt < - _""» - \" _\ » _« j choice of a representative , it belongs to him in ri ght of his existence ; his person is his title deed . " ( Applause . ) Where was the danger of Universal Suffrage ? The danger was the withholding of the ri ght —not in granting it ? Was there danger in the late Parisian election , at which Raspail , then and now a prisoner at Vincennes , polled upwards of seventyfive thousand votes and was returned a member of the National Assembly ? Was danger shown in the recent Presidential election , in which upwards of seven millions of persons recorded their votes without so much as ruffling a liair on a lady ' s poodle ? ( Laughter and applause . ) Ay , but say they tho people of France did not show much wisdom in electing under Universal Suffrage , a prince for a president .

      This he granted , the French were novices : thoy had recently undergone the transition from serfdom to freedom , but their approximation to Chartism would permit them at the cud of four years to take advantage of their increased knowledge , and , profiting by their experience , make a choice probably more far vourable to the interest of democracy . ( Cheers . ) The Charter destroys the Property _Qualification and wives vou a free choice in the selection of your representatives , it enables you to select from " the order of industry" and in Libour ' s ranks . Let no vestry , parish or public meeting pass over , without raising your voice in favour ofthe principles of democracy . Persevere , and depend on it your legitimate exertions must result in establishing universal liberty and social happiness . ( Great cheering . )

      Mr Clark , in seconding the motion , said , this resolution asserts that government was designed to protect the lives and properties of all- the members ofthe state , without distinction , and it is upon thiB presumption that the demand for the Charter is based . ( Hear . ) The theory ofthe Charter is , that whore there is no protection given there is no allegiance due . ( Hear , and cheers . ) I hold the doctrine of government to be by the majority of the peop le , and will strongly protest against the exercise of tho _f-overnmental functions of this country by any powerless democratic . ( Cheers . ) Like the precodino- speaker , however , I am not disposed to otter anv factious opposition to those Reformers who are now contending for a less measure of suffrage than thatcontained inthe Charter . ( Hear . ) Upon the conai

      trary , I am delighted to _nnu tnat _» w _« u _, classes are moving in the matter , and hail with pleasure their accession , as far as they go . ( Hear , hoar ) Thev are yet in the infancy of politics , and arc only now beginning to feel the effects oi that enormous taxation of which we have so long complained Mr Cobden , in his recently published _budg et has proposed to reduce the taxes £ 10 , ( 100 , 000 annually , and his efforts will be sustained by the middle ' classes . The hon . member for the West Ridin" seemed well to understand the men with whonfhe has to deal ; and in seeking to procure the co-operation of tlie middle classes , he has with great tact addressed himself to their pockets , knowing that quarter to be their most sensitive point —( hcar , and laughter)—and with all my heart I wish him

      Public Meeting. The Late Chartist Trials...

      success . ( Cheers . ) But whilst I am not inclined inany way to interfere with those who advocate a more limited suffrage than that which I advocate , my earnest recom _niendation to you is to stand fast by the People ' s Charter , whole and entire . ( Loud cheers . ) 1 am determined to uphold the Charter , in preference to anv other measure . Even if the four points proposed by Mr Hume were made law , there would still be a large number of the people unenfranchised . The resolution which I am now supporting aftu-iug thc principle that the protection of property is one of the first duties of a government . This principle I fully assent to , and in reducing it to practice , would " take care that as the

      institutions of thc country are mainly designed for the protection of property , that the taxes necessary for the maintenance of such institutions should be principally levied upon property . ( Cheers . ) Industry is not a fair object of taxation , and therefore ought to be left free and untrammelled . Fortunately tho country is at length arousing itself upon this question of taxation . ( Hear . ) There are the several Financial Reform Associations of Liverpool , Manchester , Edinburgh , and other places , all in active operation ; and although they are not exactly with us , yet each one of them is dealing a blow atour common foe—the dastardly Whig faction ,

      with whom we will wage deadly war until their final extinction . ( Loud cheers . ) When the settlement of the suffrage question takes place—as it must be ere long , for we cannot live in close connexion with tlie French Republic and the other continental democracies , and tolerate the existence of the present aristocratic and plundering institutions of tins country—the ease will not be left entirely in the hands of Richard Cobden , Joseph Hume , and Lord John Russell ; but if Ave are true to ourselves and our great principles , the genius and intelligence of the working classes will make themselves felt in the bargain , and , at last , our fondest hopes will be realised , hy the enactment of the People s Charter . ( Loud cheers . )

      Mr . O'Connor , said : Mr . Chairman ana my friends , I am a modest man , and Mr . Clark shonld not , in my presence , have reminded me of my triumph , because , so far from looking upon my incarceration in tlio felon ' s cell in York _Cattle as a degradation , or even an insult , I look upon it as a victory , _—^ cheers)—as you may rely upon it , that the persecution of the tyrant was measured b y my value to the people . ( Cheers . ) This is a cause in which I have been engaged , in England and Ireland , for now twenty-six years , and it was fifteen years on the 21 st of last September , since I established and organised the Chartist movement in England—and , however fearful the recollections that those

      side galleries bring to my mind , when occupied by Government spies and detectives , dressed as navvies ; yet , however apathetic and terror-stricken a portion of the working classes may be , and however dangerous the advocacy of their principles may be , neither their apath y nor the threatened danger shall induce me to abandon the advocacy of those principles and the cause of tlie labouring classes . ( Cheers . ) I do not agree with Mr . Ky dd in attributing your weakness to your ignorance . It was the chargo brought against you when Fox and Richmond advocated tho

      principles ofthe Chartcrinl 780 , anditwillcontiuue to be the charge until you possess political power , and manifest ability , capacity , and discrimination in its exercise . ( Cheers . ) It is not to ignorance or to the power of your opponents that your degradation is to be ascribed—it is to your own jealousies . ( Hear , hear . ) Itis to the fact that the well-paid trades have established the standard of wages by thc comparative , instead of the positive , scale of value ; the man earning £ 2 a-week looking with contempt upon Mm who can earn but 15 s . ; while , in turn , the man with 15 s . looks with

      scorn upon the unwilling idler , who is dragged from his family and consigned to _thePoor Law Bastile . * ( Loudcheers . ) That is thc competition , and you are the competitorswhereas , if you were as united as your opponents are , " the man who now congratulates himself upon receiving £ 2 a-week by the comparative scale , would then receive £ i by the positive scale—while there need not be a willin < r idler in the land ; and if there was one

      when the free labour market was opened , instead of making him the child of the State , and entitling him to an idle subsistence—if nobody else would undertake the task—I would volunteer to whip him through the marketplace myself . ( ' 'Hear , hear , '' and cheers . ) Well , you cheer that , hut see how many bloated idlers , with ruddy cheeks , fat jowls , and bursting corporations , live , luxuriate , growricli and fat upon tho blood and sweat extracted from the lean bodies of those who furnish the means

      of luxury and wealth ? ( Cheers . ) Well , but whose fault is it ? You , if in the same situation , would do the samo . It is their union and your disunion , through their ability to make laws to distribute the lion ' s share of profit amongst the chosen few , while , if you were united , that power would very speedily cease . ( Hear , hear . ) But you cheerthoso who would raise the labourer to tho seventh heayon by proclaiming thc labourer ' s right to life and happiness ; while in France , Prussia , Austria , Rome , and Italy , where the dissensions of Labour have created thc most bloody revolutions ,

      you have not heard a word spoken , or read a sentence printed , upon the solution of the Labour Question . ( Hear , hear . ) Yes , there is one exception , tho Address of M . Harkort , the Chairman ofthe Berlin Conservative Electioneering Committee—an address that should be printed in letters of gold . He says , " See what the enthusiasts have done for you—and see what thc King proposes to do for you . They have squandered your money in excitement , while the Constitution given by the king destroys for ever all feudal and barbarous right'sallows the flock to elect their own

      shepherdmakes every child of the . State entitled to education at the expense of the State , and divides the royal domains into peasant allotments , to employ the hard-working men . " ( Loudcheers . ) Ah ! you smell the Land , do you ? But he goes further , and shows that the amount of money spout hy parsons , place-hunters , and lawyers , if expended upon the location of the hard-working men upon their own peasant allotments , would provide habitations and labour fields for 6 , 500 labourers . ( Loud cheers . ) Now , there ' s the acceptance of thc reviled Laud rian ; Free Church , Free Education ,

      Distribution of the Royal Domains , Universal Suffrage , and the Charter , accepted in the most Protestant country in Europe—thc very princip les and the very objects fox tho advocacy and achievement of which I have suffered so much obloquy , persecution , and slander , and for the want of which you have suffered such privation , destitution and misery . ( Cheers . ) But to come nearer home—to come to Ireland : what do you find there ? Why , a million of human beings dying of starvation in one year!—piled in heaps like carrion , for dogs and pigs to fatten upon—with a fertile soil , ready to yield its

      abundance , if there was not a premium for idleness ; and then think of five and thirty mortal years being spent in trafficking agitation ; while , if the amount expeuded upon jugglery and moonshine , or one-tenth ofit , had been applied to the location of the poor upon the land of their birth , they would not be compelled to fight for the Repoal of the Union , or any other measure : it would then be— " Ask , and you shall have . " ( Hear , hear . ) Well , then , notwithstanding this suffering ofthe millions , all the sympathy of the Press and the factions is devoted to the landlords and the

      oppressors , while not a word of sorrow for the lingering , starving , murdered people . ( Cheers . ) This , in the main , is the fault of the landlords ; but think of a base , bloody , tyrannical , and savage Government , urging the enthusiastic , tho feeling , and the brave to attain b y force what is denied to justice and then treating them to the vengeance of ' class made law . ( Loudcheers . ) Ah ! my friends you had no ri ght to inyite me here _to-nio-ht ' Uu had no ri ght to provoke me to oxpress ° the feelings of my heart in the teeth of tho _Gauging Bill ; for , when I think of the _disasters to . which my country has been _subjected , mv

      Z " m m > ' veins * _^ d it requires moic than human cowardice to apply the altered law ' s letter to the descri ption of m country _Binosory , and her oppressors' tyranny ,

      Public Meeting. The Late Chartist Trials...

      ( Tremendous cheering . ) Lut do you suppose that this league of tyrants is to be for ever perpetuated * No ! The Saxon manacles will be struck off . After March tho Saxon gaoler can no longer incarcerate the Irishman for frowning or looking crooked at his Vice-regal dignity ; and as Hannibal to his father swore , I have pledged myself to seek justice for the sufferings of my country from every earthly tribunal ; and although her dungeons wero filled with Whi < r victims , and although her Press should he marshalled against mo , individually , I will once more land upon her shore and

      raise tho standard of liberty and nationality . ( Tremendous cheering and waving of hats . ) But I tell you , labourers , that notwithstanding any importance that you attach to any other question or measure , that Labour never will be free until Labour represents itself ; and it is for that reason that I ask the labourers of all classes , not only not to oppose , but by every means in thoir power to assist , the present movement of Richard Cobden and the Financial League . ( Loud cheers . ) Now , lut mc call your attention to Labour ' s greatest enemy . It arises from the fact that every popular

      demagogue , like myself , hopes to preserve and uphold his own popularity by opposing the schemes of all other parties ; but , as I pant for retirement , and only struggle for equality , which would render my longer services unnecessary , I yield a eordial and ready support , even to my bitterest enemies , when in their policy I recognise Labour ' s justice and Oppression ' s fall . ( Cheers . ) I seldom base my own views upon complicated comprehensive questions upon my owu opinions or knowledge ; my duty , as well as my character , prompts nic to consult the ablest—the most

      zealous—the most siucere , and persevering leader and advocate that the working classes of any country could ever boast of , —of course , you are aware that I mean Thomas Slingsby Duncombe . ( Hero the whole mooting rose , and the cheering and waving of hats were indescribable . ) Mr O'Connor continued : Noav , don't you think it is cheering to me to hear the name of that distinguished man , now suffering from illness contracted in your cause , received with such warm affection and enthusiasm ? and I will now read you an extract from a letter received from him this

      morning . He says : — "I am much pleased with the Manchester move , and especially the resolution Milner Gibson proposed . I think it of great value . Let us only see that principle established , and then we shall seo it carried out far ' enough to insure a benefit to the people . Encourage thiB new Cobden move . 1 would , were I in the House . It must destroy the Whigs ( God be praised ) for ever and ever . "

      ( Tremendous cheering . ) Now , working men , the Cobden move came upon us with a hop , step , and jump . I was compelled to comment upon it without having time to consult our leader , —a circumstance , which , I assure you , grieved me ; and you may judge how consolatory it must be to you and me , to find that he entirely accords with thc policy I suggested . ( Cheers . ) In order to carry out the battle againBt the agricultural constituencies , they also propose to create a number of forty-shilling freeholders _^—well , even that is the miniature of our lovely cottages aud larger Iahour-fiekls ,

      and they are the full length portrait of England ' s future greatness , —the difference is , that , in the one case , serfs are selected for voters ; and in the other case , they arc left free and independent . But , is not the selection of voters from the most indigent class , a proof that [ in the opinion of the selectors all are competent to exercise the right . ( Cheers . ) Ay , and if to-morrow every man in this vast assemblage was enfranchised , and if they were to constitute the constituency for an electoral district , those who would now make your

      ignorance the justification for your disqualification , would praise your shrewdness , applaud your knowledge and discrimination—while the candidate of your choice would boast of representing the most enlightened constituency in Britain . ( Cheers , and laughter . ) Nay , more , if knowledge became an exciseable commodity , as I have often told you , the officials from the Excise office would perambulate the country with a BRAIN GAUGE ; and THEN , if a mere idiot pleaded ignorance as his exemption , the official would tell him that he was the

      seventh wonder ofthe world . ( Great cheers , and laughter . ) I tell you that the ignorance ofa people is the tyrant ' s best title to power ; and if your ignorance could be made the basis of their power , they would enfranchise you tomorrow , but it is your knowledge and not your ignorance thoy dread . ( Cheers . ) But if you were ignorant , to whom does the blame attach ? whether to those whose ignorance proceeds from the want of the means of procuring education , or to those pious revilers , who appropriate to their owu kindl y use the stock fund which was originall y applied to the education of the poor ? ( Cheers . ) Oh , but our pious , charitable , Christian , and philanthropic

      Kings , not only have the power of accepting or rejecting laws , but the y have the power of altering the Church Service . Upon one occasion , the celebrated Sidmouth , and his pious coadjutors , had the duty imposed upon them of adding a new prayer tothe Church Service , —of course the prayer , like the Gagging Bill , should receive the Royal Assent before it became Divine law . Well , the officials manufactured the prayer , they took it to George thc Fourth , the first gentleinan of England , and the head of thc Church , but the biggest blackguard in Eiarope . ( Hear , hear . ) Well , the Monarch , as was his custom , was drunk , and when the divine law was submitted for his

      signature , when he heard it read , and his opinion was asked , he burst out laughing and said , " Oh , by G— it's ad—d good prayer . " ( Tremendous laughter . ) Now that was the head of the Church ; while our present pious Monarch bountifully bestows a few pounds of your money for the best Essays upon Religion and Morality ; thc saints of Exeter-hall being thc judges and distributors of the prizes , while Joseph Surfiice would have been the proper person . ( Cheers aHd laughter . ) . Now , ( said Mr . O'Connor ) , the Labour Question is this , —the League

      enunciate and defends tho theory that , when one industrial channel is closed another is opened ; so , when improvement in ' machinery disinherited thousands , railway and building operations opened a new channel to industry , but now these are closed ; and what I contend is , that Nature ' s channel—the only channel large enough to embrace tho disinherited of all classes—is the Land , ( Loud cheers . ) You have not capital to become manufacturers , bankers , merchants , watchmakers , silkmercers , wine merchants , grocers , or shopkeepers ; and as long as the employment of Labour is confined within the narrow limits of chance

      requirements and caprice , so long will the wages of the employed be measured by the destitution of the starving unemployed . ( Cheers and "That ' s it , " ) Well , then , every man with two legs and two arms has capital in his labour to apply to the cultivation of the soil , _* and every competing slave who enters that channel , when all others are closed against him , is a competitor removed from thc Labour market , and ceases to be a burden upon industry . ( Hear , hear . ) And observe , and bear well

      in mind , that I do not ask all to abandon their profitable trade ; but what I do ask is , that those belonging to overstocked trades should bear thc fact in mind , that every unwilling idler removed from that trade has its effect in destro ying competition , while it releases the " CID _3 ST " from thc support of the located man . ( Hear . ) Then let them bear in _Srir-d , thatthe men thus located become better mnd cheaper producers of their food than the -fineican or the Polo—and better customers for their labour than the Indian , the Chinese , or the Australian—aud the more _aristocrats

      Public Meeting. The Late Chartist Trials...

      shopkeepers have yet to learn the " great fact , " that the burden of class legislation falls heavily upon them ; as , no matter whether Whigs or Tories , thos » who constitute the staff of each party will take care that the national resources are culti vated to that exact point which will enable the supporters of the existing Government to distribut e the lion ' * share amongst their own partisans . ( Cheers . ) And you , labourers , never lose sight of the irrefutable fact , that those locusts of patronage , and those traders who live by profits , measured by cheap wages , established by the destitution

      ofa competitive reserve , will ever prefer the smaller amount of national wealth with the lion ' s share for their portion , to that national wealth being trebled , the poor and the industrious having their fair sharo of the increase , ( Cheers . ) Then , again , bear in mind , that every man freely employed upon the Land is a bettor customer with every class of society , from the baker to the watchmaker , whilo he _relioves the overstocked Labour market of a competitor , and the rate-payers from the burthen of supporting him in idleness . ( Cheers . ) Ay , you ma cheer , but I do not value your

      choors a pinch of snuff ; if a man got up upon this platform and told you that he had _Iub heart in Ins hand—that you were the gods of creation and that ho was ready to put his head upon the block to establish y our principles , you would cheer him to the echo ; but I tell you that I am not prepared to sacrifice that much of my little finger for men who arc not prepared to make tho sacrifice of a very trifling exertion . ( Cheers . ) Now , when men get up to talk such rubbish , put your tonguo in the side of your cheek aud shut your eyes , and sing out , " Tell us something about Labour . "

      AM if thoy continue in the old strain , cry " Bah , we don't want any more of your rubbish . " ( Hear , hear . ) This country is said to be overpopulated , whilo I contend that it is not populated to the one-fifth of its requirements ; but population , liko labour , is measured by the capitalists' necessity . Prince Albert is a groat patron of emigration , and so was the "Times , " until its readers began to feel the loss of their Irish slaves , and then tho " Times " began to weep over tho departed Irish , and Prince Albert should bear in mind that if we were overpopulated , ho hud no business to

      come here . ( Great cheers and laughter . ) But , as I observed before , tho philanthropic Prince no doubt imagines that every emigrant will become a Field-Marshal , Colonel of Dragoons , and King Consort , " with handsome pocket money to amuse himself . ( Great cheers and laughter . ) I love to talk of this dospised Laud Plan of mine , and I love to remind my London hearers of what I have stated in tho country , and that is—if Prince Albert had built 300 cottages , and four school houses for the poor , there would bo an office in every street iu London , with agents to issue tickets of inspection ; all the nobility would apply for

      permission to visit the lovely cottages of the philanthropic Princo ' ; but now , if Lady SuBan , with l _# r mother Lady Dorothy , happen to drivo past those cottages , and if Lad y Susan , struck with their beauty , and the magnificence of the school house should say to Lady Dorothy— "Oh , mamma , look at those lovely cottages , " Lady Dorothy , in horror , would exclaim , " Pull down the , _|> lind , love , they arc thc beastl y hovels of _that'DSastl y dovil , Feargus O'Connor . " ( Great laughter and cheers . ) My friends , some ofthe speakers have reminded you of the danger of secret meetings , but I did not wait for the inevitable result to convince me of that fact , because when the Bill was under discussion in the

      House , I asserted that the effect would be , the establishment of secret societies , and assassination clubs ; while , if meetings were open , the good sense of the majority would curb and subdue the insanity and wild enthusiasm of hired spies and informers ; for , as Burke stated j " Open speaking is liko tho Hue and Cry , that puts you on your guard , and announces the thief s approach . " ( Hear , hear . ) . However , you may rest assured , that tho" Whigs havo not heard the last of their nine months' barbarities and atrocities . ( Cheers . ) I may stand alone in the House of Commons , and it is my

      [ pride that I do stand alone , and that I am the reviled of all revilers ; and the value that I attach to my seat is not the patronage that it confers , hut the power it gives mo of advocating your principles as boldly in the Senate Houso as on the platform . ( Cheers . ) And although Lord John Russell twitted me with my oath of allegiance in thc House of Commons , yet I tell that noble lord here , as I told him there , that there is more allegiance in the desire to preserve peace and harmony , through contentment and industry , than in preserving tyranny by brute forco and oppression .

      ( Cheers . ) You , working men of England , must bear in mind that it has been through foreign agency that the greatest changes have been forced from the British Minister . Upon the breaking out of the French Revolution , in 1793 , the Minister of that day , looking with a jealous eye upon Ireland , promised the Irish Catholics a great relaxation of the penal code hut when Dumouviov aold the cause , the English Minister withheld the promised boon , created a Rebellion , and bought the country . So in 1830 , thc three glorious days in Paris laid the foundation of the Reform BilL which had beon fruitlessly agitated for forty-one years ; aud you may rely upon it

      that England , surrounded by a population of nearly one hundred millions , contending against the league of kings , with a dissatisfied population at home , will not be able to measure her policy by the satisfaction of the INS , and the promises of the OUTS ; but if her foreign relations are to continue with those foreign nations , her policy must be moulded in accordance with their adopted systems . ( Cheers . ) During the last session of " Parliament , Kennington Common—( loud cheers )—and the dread of Chartism , was the stock-in trade of the Whigs . They said to the affrighted country gentlemen— "See -what a condition the country would be brought to , if , in the midst of continental revolutions and domestic

      inquietude , tho country should be left without a government and thc landlords , very foolishly and very ignorantly believing the representations of the Home Secretary , as regards the disturbances he created through spies and informers —( loud cheers )—for the very purpose of affrighting landlords , and maintaining office —remained calm and quiescent—but that dod ge can't be repeated . They now look to quarterday . Peel ' s young staff of expectants will not wait upon his policy if it is slow , while the Protectionists' mouths are watering for the good things of this life ; for you may depend upon it

      that the terms Whig and Tory are all moonshine—the proper name will be catch-penny ; those in having patronage , and those out looking for patronage . ( Cheers . ) Working men , in conclusion 1 have only to say that I am not crest-fallen or cowed ; that you are , of all people in any country , thc best instructed in the Labour Question ; and although the Whig fangs may clutch Smith O'Brien , Meagher , M ' Manus , O'Donoghoe , Cuffey , and others , yet if they perished in their struggle for liberty , mark the future in their fate . Byron st ? said : —

      Thoy never fail who die In a great cause ! The block may so * k their gore ; Their heads may sodden in the sun ; their limbs Be strung to city gates and eastle walls—But still their spirits walk abroad . Though yean Elapse , and others share as dark a doom , They but augment the deep and sweeping thoughte Which overpower all others , and conduct The world at last to freedom . [ Mi- O'Connor resumed his seat amidst tremendous cheers , waiving of hats , and clapping of hands . ] The resolution was put and carried , amidst gene rai acclamation .

      __ A vote of thanks , on the motion of Mr Kydd , was given to the chairman , and the moeting separated , many on leaving the hall taking out their card c /; membership ,

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 20, 1849, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_20011849/page/5/