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Northern Star (1837-1852), 20th January 1849, Edition 3 of 3, Page 2, FRANCE. THE A.BIEMBLY. On Friday the Ass...

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      France. The A.Biembly. On Friday The Ass...

      FRANCE . THE A . BIEMBLY . On Friday the Assembly was engaged wltb tbe debate on ths question of " its ewn dissolution . The result of a division was thc adoption of M . _Ratteau ' s project for a speed y dissolution , by 400 votes against 396 , and iis reference to a committee . The question thus decided is equivalent to the first reading of a bill in tbe British parliament . It sanctions the principle of the measure , and it is con * sidered hrre that tbe Assembly cannot go back on the question , but must fir an early day for the _dissolotion . Whether that « _* . av be the o » e fixed in the

      project of M . Ratteau _, the 19 th March , or that proposed in the other project of MM . Pagnerre and Bixio , the 4 th May , is of comparatively little _coasequence , now that , tbe principle of the project for a speedy dissolution is decided . . The next step consequent on the vote of last night will be tbe appointment ef a new _committee to report on the proposition of M . Ratteau . That report cannot be brought up in less than eig ht or ten aaya _, after which the _proket must lie wad tbree times -with intervals of five days , thus whatever expedition be used the clause cannot be passed m much less than lour _~ eeks , and it is therefore presumed that the elections cannot take place before the beginning of April . \ project was _accordingly presented to-day by MM . Wollowski de Laneyrie and Gerard , proposing April 10 for tbe dissolution ofthe present Assembly and the convocation of the next ..

      The members of the National Assembly met on Monday in their _respective Bureaux to examine the proposition of M . Ratteau relative to the _dissolution ofthe Assembly . The most perfect accord prevailed on the occasion between the Mo _« _tagnards and the representatives of the Palais National , and both concurred in rejecting all the propositions tending to fix a date for the d ' usolutiou of tbe Assembly . They presented a majority of about 500 , and all the commissioners elected , to report on the _piopositi-n _, with the exception of one , vrere averse to it . Those commissioners were- _Messrs Roux Lavergne , Biilault , Dupont de Bussac , St GauoVns _, Jules Favre _, Bavin , Marie , Degonsee , Pierre Buonaparte , Sarims , Grevy . Lignier , Licb tenberger , Combard de Lewal , ar . d K / renani .

      On Monday M . _Atmand Marrast _vas re-elected President of the Assembly , by a majority of 477 against 221 , his competitor tieing M . Dufaure ; hut as it was previously announced that M . Dufaure docliaed the candidateship , the _contest was nominal . ¦ WHAT NEXT ? The French Government is about to undertake a great maritime expedition , and there can be no doubt that it is for the Roman States , and with the object of reinstating the Pope ii bis dominions . Tbe workmen and seamen at Cherbourg and Toulon are working day and ni g ht . Troops are embarking , and ' War against Roman liberty' is said to be the order of tbe day !

      THE BUOKAPARTES . The cousins of the President are likely to give him some trouble . Pierre Buonaparte has openly joined the Extreme Left . The ministry desired to remove M . Napoleon Buonaparte , the son of Prince Jerome , from Paris , by r aduaing Vim to accept an embassy , but he _successively refused the mission to Brussels , the Hague , and London , and that of Constantinople . He has resolved to remain on the spot to _takeadwuitage of events . PERSECUTION OF THE _TRVJE _REFBBLICAXS .

      The Attorney 3 eneial of the Republic is actively engaged in prosecuting the most violent of the Club orators . M . Barnabe Chauvelet , President of tbe Club of the Reiae Blanche , _tvas convicted , by default , on Taesday week , of having insulted the _^ _Jomraissary of Police appoin ted to watch the nreceedings of the club . He was senlenced to imprisonment for o-. e _mosth , and to pay a fine of 1 , 000 francs . M . Barnabe Chauvelet has fled from justice . M . Bernard , one of the most popular of the Socialist orators , was likewise convicted on the same day , for having , in a speech delivered in the Club of the Rue de Chabrol , made a libellous attack on General Lamoriciere- He was sentenced to imprisonment for one month and to pay a fine of 100 francs .

      Tbe trials by court-martial of the insurgents of Juae have recommenced in Paris . Two shoemakers , ' _notorous for the violence of their political opinions , ' have baen acquitted , the evidence having been insufficient to convict them of tha fact of their having taken up arms during the insurrection . M . Barthelcmy _, who was tried by _conrt-raartial in Paris a few days since , and sentenced to hard labour for life , for having taken an active part in the insurrection of June , effected his escape from the militaryprison of the Rue Cheiche-Midi en Friday night week . He was jo ned in his flight by Dr _Lacar abre , an intimate associate of _Blanqui . Lacarabre had been arrested in consequence of having taken an active part in the attack on the National Assembly on the 15 th of May , A strict search is being made for the fugitives .

      Tie Club Valentino , of wbich M . Bernard was President , was closed on Monday night by tbe authorities . A considerable _crawd , which assembled shortly afterwards , was dispersed by a patrol , com . posed of troops of the line and the garde mobile This is a movement in a right direction . —Times . — [ The truculent Times ever rejoices at the _persecution of tlie advocates of justice . That vile journal is tbe curse and disgrace of England . ] Tee Club sf Travailteufs at Toulon has also been closed bv the authorities .

      persecution of the press . The Gazette de France , the organ of the _Legitimists , was seized by order of the Attorney General of tbe Republic on Thursday night week , and the Peuple , M . Proudhon ' s journal , was seized on Fridav .

      THE RED REPUBLIC . A party calling themselves Les Jeunes Montagsards' have started into existence . Tbey have announced their intention to found a club to be called the Club de la Place Cambrai . The Times of Saturday contained a long account of a meeting of one of the ultra-democratic Clubs on the previous Wednesday , from whieh we give the following extracts : — ' The more violent portioa of tbe Republicans held a meeting last ni g ht at the Salle Valentino , in the Faubourg St . Hanore . The club was presided over by a person now notorious in Paris agitation , of the name of Bernard , who , it appears , is a schoolmaster at Belleville . He bas , I believe , already _feorne testimony either to the sincerity of his

      opinions , which are Socialist as well as Republican , or to his love for notoriety , in the fact of more than one prosecution , fine , and imprisonment for the violence of his language . He is a man about thirty-five years of age , of middle size , thin , pale , with high cheek bones , with his long black hair falling down behind , and his upper lip concealed in a thick moustache ; in a word , the very type of a being discontented with his lot , and burning with desire to exchange bis quiet bat useful calling for one of a more stormy character . His voice was rather husky , his gesticulation theatrical ; bnt his language was fluent , and often sarcastic- He took the chair at eight o ' clock , and long before tbat hoar the _crowd outside the door waiting for admit _, tance was considerable .

      The spacious salle might contain about 2 , 000 persons , but little more than one-third , including those in the surrounding galleries and boxes , was filled . Tbe majority of the auditors appeared to be composed of workmen , and tbere was a good sprinkling of blouses , Three or four soldiers in uniform were present , a few National Guards , and about twenty or thirty of the Garde Mobile , wearing , however , the forage cap as tbe only part of their

      uniform . The small sum of three sous was required from each as he entered—no doubt to defray the expenses ofthe numerous gaslights . The president took his place on the platform usually occupied by tbe orchestra when balls and musical entertainments are given in the salle . On the same platform , aud behind the chair , were , either seated or standing , the members of the club , or those who were to address the meeting , and amongst whom the blouses predominated .

      I The president opened the _proojedings with a long speech , and for about an hour entertained the aui _iitorywUh explanations of the proceedings taken a gainst bim by General Lamoriciere for a libel . ¦ _\ Vhether from a wish notto _aggravate the case , or ta ugbt by experience , he was rather moderate in the lai _tguage he used towards the General , and his saT casta waa expressed in so artful a manner as , whi 'le it _amussd the audience , yet left him protected . He . _tdmitted the talents , the bravery of General Lamori ciere , but they were not greater than displayed by ev . ery soldier in the French army . The Genera ! owed . bispromotion , he said , perhaps par . ly to his sword , but certainly much tothe favour he found in the _Cjyes of the French Princes in Africa . Had

      France. The A.Biembly. On Friday The Ass...

      General Lamoriciere been what he was in 1832 , * is not probable that he would now wear on hi _« breast so manv decorations , or disp lay on h _» shoulders the epaulet tes of General . Neither , had he continued to remain the admirer , the duapleo ' pereEafantin _^ _ouU he have _dK i _*^ »* J _^ _tional Assembly the other dty that he * J » ° * »« what the ' Social Republic' meant . He had forgotten his lessons of Socialism . He then alluded to the _National newspaper , and pointed o « t the difference between what it now _, s and what lt once was in the days of Louis Philippe . Then no _laneuage was too strong to stigmatise the contemptible tyrants and profligate persons who oppressed the _Spani-h nation . Now it has not a word of censure for the Government that sent ili * agent to Madrid ,

      whose sympathies towards those same tyrants are long known to the world . He referred to the work of M Guizot . De la Dem ocratie en France , and quotedfrom it the sentence ( p . U ) insisting on the necessity of extirpating the fatal _i- _' . ea that the word democracy , must be proclaim ed everywhere , and aloud , before anything lik « government oan be established , or before any party can say it exists . He asked' how could that man talk of di g nity who was one ofthe first to join the barbarians , the Cossacks and the Prussians , who invaded Trance , and

      massacred her sons while fighting for the udependeuce of their country—he who was the ready and unblushing apologist of the vast system of corruption which at length overthrew his master , and nearly ruined France , who resisted every attempt to reform the political condition of the nation ? ' His invectives against M . Guizot were terrible , and they were received with applause by the greater part of the meeting . The delicate question ofthe amnesty was then touched on by Bernard . The people , he said , were now the sovereigns in France : it is now their turn to dictate their will : and the day they

      fummon the President to pardon their erring brothers { leurs freres egares ) oi June , that day prompt obedience mus t be rendered to their will . Many of the arrested had acted under a delnsion ; hut raany , very many , were innocent . He spike of Barbes , and bestowed on him the highest eulogies ; he described him as a man possessed of all ths civic virtues of an ancient Greek or Roman Republican ! He turned the National Assembly into ridicule for wasting the public time in trifling discussions , and leaving the vast interests of the nation unattended to . Yet , while he censured such a waste of time , he denounced the agitation now going on to

      compel it to a dissolution ; and he described it as the result of a conspiracy between the Legitimists and Orleanists , who had s « orn to make a crusade against the Assembly for its Republican character . Such as it was , the Assembly was , at all events , Republican , and the same could not be said of the Legislature , which would , probably , begin its career by the restoration ofthe Empire or the Monarchy . Above all , he cautioned the Republican party to be on their guard against those who would excite them to a violation of public tranquillity . Those who gave them such pernicious counsels were the secret agents of their enemies—Royalir . ts of every shade , and aristocrats . He denounced those who would

      meditate emeutes or insurrections . _Pacifia agitation was their plan ; it was thus that Socialism recruited its disci ples—a Propaganda , but one of reason , and not of the sword . Let them reserve the ' r strength for the hour when the Republic was in danger ; and when any attempt was made to overthrow it , or change the form of government the people had given to themselves , then , indeed , they would all descend into the streets . This _sentioumi was loudly applauded , the audience shouting Vive la Republique .

      Several other persons spoke , after which the proceedings were brought to a close , by the President announcing a banquet on Sunday and another nn Monday . The one intended to be celebrated on the 5 th had been postponed . It was also mentioned that persons were stationed at the doors to receive the contributions of those who were willing to assist tbeir I rotliers in distress . The * brothers ' were Cbamulot , and another named Muriel , prosecuted for seditious language in one of the clubs . Tke meeting separated about eleven o ' clock , and , it must be said , in the most orderly and peaceable

      manner . The Club met again on Saturday eveHing , when , says the correspondent of the Times , ' the President , Bernard , was more violent that ever in his denunciation of conspirators against the Republic . In this terra are , of course , comprised all moderate men of every shade of politics . The probability that he will not be long at liberty , as a fourth prosecution is banging over his head for subversive language in the clubs , may perhaps have embittered his feelings . He seems at all events desirous of making the most of his time . A duel has just taken place between Count d'Alton-Shee , er-peer of France , and M . Cbarles Delc _$ cluz , principal editor of the journal La Revolution Democratique et Sociale . M _* . _d'Alton-Sbee was wounded in the hand , and his antagonist in the

      arm . Election of a Democrat . — M . Favetier , a Republican , has just been elected for the Upper Rhine . His opponents were three candidates of the moderate party . He had been Prefect and was dismissed . A letter from L'Orient mentions tbat 139 of the insurgents of June confined in tbat harbour , have been set at liberty .

      GERMANY . AUSTRIA —The Austrian diet resumed Us sittings at Kermsier on the 3 rd inst . In tbe sitting of the 4 ih inst ., the Minister of the Interior , Herr Stadion _, read an official declaration setting forth the decided objections of the cabinet to the first article of the fundamental law , as lately voted ( at the first reading ) by tbe Diet . That article , which sets forth that all power proceeds from the people , is denounced by the Austnan cabinet as embodying a principle which has rendered the streets the thestres of the wildest excesses , and which gave rise to the

      murder of Count Latour . Such a principle is incompatible with that ot hereditary monarchy . Tbe Diet had not been _authorised to call the rights of the crown into question . Ministers trusted that that objectionable principle would not be sanctioned by the Diet at the second reading , The approval of tbat article would be considered by ministers as a violation of the basis of the monarchial principle . This announcement created the greatest sensation , and it was at last resolved to adjourn till the 8 th inst ., in order to give members the opportunity of becoming well acquainted with the import and contents of the ministerial declaration .

      The capture of Pesth has created great excitement at Vienna . The correspondent of the Times writes : —Vienna is seemingly tranquil ; but I have my own reason for believing that this morning ' s intelligence bas caused a profound sensation . In the very face of the congratulatory addresses , which cannot fail to pour in , the great maj _iri ' . y of the Viennese is strongly attached to the Hungarian cause . This morning there is a considerable display of military force , and the patrols are more frequent and stronger than usual . Hot-Beds of Democbact ! ' — The correspondent of the Chronicle writes : — -According to tbe journals , the state of the public mind at Gotha is far from satisfactory . That place , indeed almost all the small states of Germany , are hot-beds of red- _i _'ot democracy . [ Alas poor Grunticle !]

      PRUSSIA—The political trials at Berlin are proceeding . Several workmen have been sentenced to various terms of imprisonment . The Silesian Journal of the 5 th contains the following curious details relative to the composition and projects of the ultra-democrats , and more especially of the central club , or society , calling itself the' Confederation or Union of Justice , ( Bund der Gerechligheit ) , of which the directing committee and leaders are Republicans . The president and principal affiliated members of this daHgerous club are known to fe _* , as secrecy is imposed by for . midable oaths , and , it is added , by penalties , which remind us of the old Whemgerickt . The Silesian Journal gives , however , a list of names which t would be useless to repeat as none are men publicly known , unless it be those of Harro , Hering ,

      and Mamni . The object of this secret confederation is the destruction of all dynasties , and the establishment ofa universal Republic ( Welt Republic ) . For this purpose , the central committee commenced establishing lodges as earl y as March . Upon the first meeting of the Democratic Congress , in May last , at Frankfort , men only of secondary importance , such as Frobel , the companion of Blum , and others , whose violence was their chief recom _. mendation at first and principal cause of defeat afterwards , were chosen . This Congress chose a c ntral permanent committee , of wbich Zete , of Miyence ; Professor Bayrhofer , of Giessen ; Schutte , wbo became notorious as an agitator at Vienna ; John Ronge , and Germain Metternich _, of Feldkirch _, v erj members . Two months later the leading com mittee was transferred to _Berlin , where we had proif > ofits activity and deleterious workings . All minor

      France. The A.Biembly. On Friday The Ass...

      lodges and committees obeyed-tBi _^ central authori ty , with the exception ohhat of Vienna , which had ita affiliations in Hungary . Deputations frora the latter , however , cam * to Berlin , where Kossuth and the Vienna conspirators employed agents and maintained active communications . Fa < _-ts and undeniable judicial evidence are there to prove that a rising simila r to that which took plaoe at Vienna was projected at Bwlin _, and tbat numerous foreign agents , especially Poles , were congregated here in readiness , and in hopes of an explosion—which would have burst fort had not the Imperial general triumphed . _Breslau and other Silesian towns , wbich may be regarded as the hot-bed and stronghold of ultra-democracy , furnished more tban a fair quota of uiambcrs to this Congress and Central Committee .

      Berlin , Halle , Stettin , and almost all Prussian towns , furnished their contingent . If the assertions of gome ofthe members be true , the whole number of lodges in different parts of Germany amount to nearly two thousand , which were established by special delegate-., _oolcctcd for their Republican ardour , and probably for their reckless spirit ; among the most zealous of the latter were , it is affirmed , three German American delegates , named Haas , of Cincinnati ; Krag , of St . Louis ; and Kuhl , of Philadelphia . THK FRANKFORT PARLIAMENT , On the 13 th inst ., came to a decision on the Austrian question . By this decision the central ministry are empowered to carry on dip lomatic negotiations with Austria , just as if it were a foreign

      power . THE WAR IN HUNGARY ( Frora the Times . )

      THE CAPTURE OF PESTH . Vibnna , Jan . 7 . — -The eleventh bulletin and the twelfth were published last nigbt and this morning _. They announce the concentration of the Imperial troops round Ofen and Pesth , and the surrender of these two cities . The head quarters of Prince Windisohgratz were , on the 4 th inst ., at Bia , about ten miles ' roin Ofen . The first corps of the army was stationed at Teteny aud Promontor , the second at Budaro . and the third at Bia and Concurreny . The first corps , under command of Baron Jellaehich , met _witK the , Hun garians in ihe course ofits mareh upon TeteHj r , and a cannonade ensued \ but when the Imperial troops prooeeded to attack the heights on which the Hungarians had placed their batteries , the latter were withdrawn , and the Magyar forces retired upon Promontor .

      The Imperial troops proceeded to ap proach the two capitals of Hungary . Their manccavres were not for one moment interrupted , not even by the arrival at head-quarters of a deputation from the Hungarian Diet , offering terms of surrender , and consisting of Count , Louis Batthiany , the ex-Premier of Hungary , the Bishop of Lonorits , _Connt Mailath and M . Deak , formerly a member of the Cabinet . Prince Windischgralz peremptorily refused to receive these gentlemen as i deputation ,

      but he accorded them a private interview , from which Count Batthiany was excluded , and in which they were given to understand that no terms short ot unconditional surrender would be listened to by the Prince . The deputation took this jnswer back to Pesth , and when the Imperial troops advanced on the morning of the 5 th inst ., ready to attack the two cities of Ofen and Pesth , the two towns surrendered at once . The Magyar forces had evacuated them upon the approach of the Iraperialists .

      Kossuth has gone to _Debreczin with his adherents , in order to form a _junction with the troops of General Bem . He took with him the regal insignia of St . Stephen , the Hungarian King . The statement of the Vienna mail if the 10 th _inBtant , that Kossuth had fled to Debreczin , with the regalia of Hungary and the bank-no : e press , is _confirmed by the Breslauer Zeilung , * . hich adds _that he has been joined by the committeeof Defence , and by those members of the Diet who lad declared the throne of Hungary vacant , and that lis partisans are some 12 , 000 strosg . On the 6 th iist . the 1 st army eorps of the Imperial troops lef ; Pesth for Debreczin . Pesth and all its vicinity had been placed under martial law , and it is understood tbat the leaders of tbe revolt will all be tried by courtsmartial , and punished _<¦ . ith rigour .

      The fortress of Comorn still holds out . The maiden fortress sits on ' many waters ; ' in fact , its greatest strength consists in that position . But the Hungarian rivers are now as dry ground ; the ice id equal to any weight ; and thus _, perhaps , in a few days we shall have the news of the conquest cf Comorn . News frora Pesth to the _Stli inst . states that a great many arrests had taken place , those of the Counts Louis Batthyany and Anton Scapari ameng the number . The Ban of Croatia , Baron Jellaehich has taken possession of the palace of Count Caroly _..

      ITALY . ROMAN STATES—The Supreme Junta had dissolved itself , the only purpose of its existence having been to convoke the Constituante . The Pope , by a new brief , bad announced a new com mission of government , having at its head Cardinal Altieri . ({ The proclamation ef the Constituante took plaee at Civita , under a salute of 101 guns .

      MAGNIFICENT _I'OFULAK DEMONSTRATION . On the 2 nd , netwithstanding tbe intense cold , a most imposing demonstration came off at Rome . Towards evening the guards began to gather on the Piazza Venezia with banners and music . The whole garrison of Rome turned out , pioneers , cannoneers , and all the general camp . The march began by torchlight . Scores of blazing firebrands traversed the Corso , and from all the quarters of tbe town that long avenue was the conduit of the population towaid 6 the place of rendezvous—the large square del Popolo . Troops of Dragoons opened the procession with brass bands , then came the fourteen standards of the fourteen wards into which

      Rome is divided , followed by crowds of pedestrians . The colours of the Feretti family ( orange aad white ) were conspicuous among the flags . The juvenile regiment of Speranza came next , and tben the civic troops in immense force , with , tbeiv artillery , sappers _&¦* . & miners , _witti _* ses , beard , and apron , six large guus , from the arsenal of St . _Angclo , and the whole body of Papal ' carabineers . For an hour the march kept on , and the disemboguing mass had then filled tho whole square and its neighbourhood , which blazed with the light of a thousand torches . To the Capitol , ' then , was the cry ; and every house in the Corso being lit up , back rolled the tide of populatioi to

      that immemorial spot . All the banners were ranged round the equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius _, and , amid solemn silence and intense cold , all heads being uncovered , the decree convoking the Conatitu . ent Assembly was read . Then up rose the Abbate Rumbaldi , and said :-- ' Roman people ! Your fathers , from this hill , originated civilisation amid barbarous Europe , and you have to begin tbe work again this year of our Lord , to rescue Italy from dark intriguers and brutal despots ; and I , as a clergyman ( saeerdote di Christo ) , call on you from the Capitol to vindicate your independence and your right to self-government—princi ples _ryhose root is in the gospel . '

      Theso words were received with enthusiastic applause , and the orator having recommended the people to observe the calmness and dignity becoming a truly civilised nation , the multitude instantly separated in the greatest order .

      _FROSPBCTS OF WAR . Advices from Turin , of the 8 th instant , state that Marshal Radetzski-had , it was rumoured , published an order of the day , in wbich he proclaimed the resumption of hostilities as imminent , and promising to enter Turin at tbe head of the victorious Croats after two battles , it was also reported that Yenice would he attacked . DUCHIES . —The Alba of Florence says , that a grave insurrection had broken out at Piacenza . THE VEKETIAN REPUBLIC—UNIVERSAL

      SUFFRAGE . The Provisional Givernment of Venice has issued a decree establishing a permanent Assembl y of the representatives of the State of Venice , with the power of deciding upon everything relating to the interior or exterior condition of the State . The representatives are elected by direct Universal Suffrage , in the proportion to the population of one to 1 , 500 . All citizens twenty-one years of age and upwards are electors . The elections will commence on the 20 th of January , and the representatives will meet immediately after ; their mandate is to las ' , six months .

      SPAIN . The Clamor Publico , under date of Vera , the 4 th instant , says : — ' At tho moment of the closing the post , we learn that from 400 to 500 insurgents have enterel Spain by Ecbalard . They are commanded by General _Zariatfgui . Another band of 100 men , under Sanz , have also eutered Spain _»> v Zugarramurdi . ' * ' A letter from the frontiers of Catalonia of the I Ith instant , announces that a sanguinary engage-

      France. The A.Biembly. On Friday The Ass...

      ment between the Queen ' s troops , commanded by General de la Concha , and tbe insurgents headed by Cabrera , took place on the 7 th instant , between Vich and St . Hippolyte . Between 600 aud 700 men of both forces were put hors de combat . The letter adds that Colonel Viver had captured thirty-two of a band of forty republicans with am * munition and horses . TURKEY . Tbe Journal de Constantinople states that _intelligence had been received from _Kur-listan , which _announced that Nonrroullah Bey . Governor of the province of Kakiari , had raised the standard of revolt ' This insurrection , ' remarks that journal , is not of a nature to cause the slig htest uneasiness to the Porte , and cannot be considered as anything else than an act of folly . .,. -

      Alta California ; Or The New Gold

      ALTA CALIFORNIA ; OR THE NEW GOLD

      REGION . From the geographical memoir upon Alta California ( the California acquired by the late treaty with Mexico ) addressed by Lieutenant-Colonel Fremont to the SeRate , at the last session of Congress , we make a few extracts descriptive of the country : 1 Alta California is divided into two parts—the Eastern and Western . The Eastern portion , lying between the Rocky Mountains on the east , and the great range of the Sierra Nevada on the west , comprehends an area of about 500 square miles , and saving the region around the Green Salt Lake in the north-east corner , and a few green spots along the

      flanks of the Western Mountains , is a howling desert of burning sand , bald mountains , and is covered with evidences of volcanic action . It comprehends fivesixths of tbe territory of California , as acquired from Mexico . The only White settlement within it 6 limits is tbe Mormon colony near the great Salt Lake . The Great Basin is surrounded by mountains on all sides , and tbe rivers wbicb fliw into it from the mountains empty into lakes tbe waters of which are evaporated in the sun , as a substitute for an outlet to the sea , or the streams are absorbed by the sands of the desert ; as , for instance , _Mwy ' _s river , after a course of 300 miles , suddenly sinks into the sands , its waters as thick and bitter as bitumen , from the impregnations of its volcanic trail .

      • The western division of California lies west of the great range of the Sierra Nevada , and between it and the Pacific Ocean . Excepting the Mormons , near the Salt Lake , which _trenckes upon Oregon , in the eastern basin , tbis western section is the only part of California with which the array , navy , and settlers from the United States have had anything to do . All the accounts we have had of California , from time immemorial , apply to the slip of country flanking the Pacific Ocean . SIERRA NEVADA .

      This Sierra is part of the great mountain range which , under different names and with different elevations , but with much uniformity of direction and general proximity to the coast , extends from the pe ninsula of California to Russian America , and without a gap in the _distance through which the water of the Rocky Mountains could reach the Pacific Ocean except at two places , where the Calumbia and Eraser ' s river respectively fnd their passage . This great range is remarkable for its

      length , its proximity and parellebsm to the sea coast , its great elevation , often more lofty than the Rocky Mountains , and its many grand volcanic peaks , reaching high into the region of perpetual snow . Rising singly , like pyramids , from heavily timbered plateaux , to the heig ht of fourteen and seventeen thousand f eet above the sea , these snowy peaks constitute the characterising feature of the range , and distinguish it from the Rocky Alountains and all others on our part of the continent .

      That part of _th' 8 range which traverses Alta California is called the Sierra Nevada ( Snowy Mountain . ) It is a grand feature of California , and a dominating one . It divides California into two parts , and exercises a decided influence on the clinute , soil , and productions of each . Thet « o sides of tlie Sierra exhibit two distinct climates . The mean results of observations made on the eastern side , at _suurise , 30 deg . ; the state of vegetation and the appearance of the country being at

      the sam _° time ( second week of December ) , that of confirmed winter , the rivers frozen over , mow on the ridgeB , annual plants dead , grass dry , and deciduous trees stripped of their foliage . At the western base the mean temperature during a corresponding week was , at sunrise 29 deg ., and at sunset 52 deg . ; ihe state of the atmosphere and of vegetation that of advancing spring ; grass fresh and green , four to eight inches high , vernal p lants in bloom , the air soft , and all the streams free from ice . Thus , December on one side of the mountain was winter ,

      on the other it was sprng . MARITIMK REGION WEST OF THE SIERRA NEVADA . West of the Shrra Nevada , find between that mountain and the sea , is the second grand _division of California , and the only part to which the name applies in the current language of the country . It is the occupied and inhabited part , and so different in character , so divided by the mountain wall of tbe Sierra from the great basin above , as to constitute a rpgion ' . o itself , with a structure and configuration , a soil , climate , and productions of its own ; and as Northern Persia may be referred to as some type of the former , so may Italy bs referred to as some point of comparison for the latter . North and south , this region embraces about ten degrees of latitudefrom thiriy-two degrees , where it touches the peninsula of California , to 42 degrees , where it

      bounds on Oregon . East and west , from the Sierra Nevada to the sea , it will average in the middle parts , 150 miles , in the northern parts , 200 ; giving an area of above one hundred thousaud miles . Stretched along the mild coast of the Pacific , with a general elevation in its plains and valleys ot onl y a few hundred feet above the level of the sea—and backed by the long and lofty wall of the Sierramildness and geniality may be assumed as the characteristics of its climate . The inhabitant of corresponding latitudes on the Atlantic side of this continent can with difficulty conceive of the soft air and southern productions under the same latitudes in the maritime regions of Upper California . The singular beauty and purity of the sky in ( he south of this region is characterised by Humboldt as a rare phenomenon , and all travellers realise tbe truth of his description ,

      The present condition of the country affords but slight data for forming correct opinions of the agricultural capacity and fertility of tbe soil . Vancouver found , at the mission of San Buonaventurn , in 1792 , latitude 34 deg . 16 min ., apples , pears , plums , figs , orange * , grapes , peaches , and pomegranates growing together with tbe plantain , banana , cocoanut , sugar cane , and indigo , all yielding fruit in abundance , and of excellent quality . Humboldt mentions the olive oil of California as equal to that of Andalusia , and a wine like tbat cf the Canary _Fsland 8 . At present but little remains of the high and various cultivation which had baen attained at the missions .

      _CALIFORNIA .. The productions of tbe south differ frora those of the north and of the middle . Grapes , olives , Indian corn bave been its staples , with many assimilated fruits and grains . Tobacco has been recently introduced , and tbe uniform summer heat which follows the wet season , and is interrupted by rain , would make the southern country well adapted to cotton . —Wheat is the first product of the north where it always constituted the principal cultivation of the missions . Tbis promises to be the graingrowing region of California . The _moisfure of the coast seems particularly suited to the potato and to the vegetables common to the United States , which grow to an extraordinary size .

      VALLEYS OF THE SACRAMENTO AND SAN JOAftUIN . These valleys are one , discriminated only by the names of tbe rivers which traverse it . It is a sin . gle valley— -a single geographical formation—near 500 miles long , lying at the western base of the Sierra Nevada , and between it and the coast range of mountains , and stretching across the head of the bay of San Francisco , with which a delta of twentyfive miles connects it . The valley of the San Joaquin is about 300 miles long and sixty broad , between the slopes of the coast mountain and the Sierra Nevada , with a general elevation of only a few hundred feet above the level of the sea . It presents a variety of soil from dry and unproductive to well watered and luxuriantly fertile . '

      The northern half of the valley of Alta California is watered by the Sacramento , which runs down south into the Bay of San Francisco , while thc San Joaquin comes into it from the southern extremity , flowing westward , and meeting the Sacramento in the bay , which is nearly in the middle of the valley . The valley of the Sacramento is divided into upper and lower-tke lower two hundred miles long , the upper about one hundred ; and the latter not merely entitled to the distinction of upper , as being higher up on the river , but also as having a

      Alta California ; Or The New Gold

      superior elevation of some thousands of feet above it . I t ascends like an immense column upwards of 14 , 000 feet ( nearly the heig ht of Mont Blanc ) , the summit glistening with snow , and _vh \ _b-t , irom favourable points of view , at a distance of HO miles down the valley , _WBSTEUW SLOPE OF THE SIERRA NEVADA . The western flank of the Sierra belongs to the maritime region of California , and is capable of adding greatly to its value . It is a long wide s ope , timbered and grassy , with intervals of arable lana , copiously watered with numerous and bold streams , aud without the cold which its name and altitude mig ht imply . In length it is the whole ex : ent . of the long valley at its base , five bundred miles' la breadth it is from forty to seventy miles , from the summit of the mountain to the termination of the foot hills in the edge of the valleys below , und almost the whole of it available for some useful r . : __ . _u .. _ti / _. n nf « nme thousands Ot _leftt

      purpose—timber , pasturage , some arable land , mills , quarrie 8-auilso situated as to be convenient for use , the wide slepe of the mountain being of easy and practicable descent . Timber holds tbe first place ia the _advantages of this slope , the whole being heavily wooded . Many of the numerous streams , some of tbem amounting to considerable rivers , which flow down the mountain side , make handsome , fertile valleys . All these streams furnish good water power . The climate in the lower part of the slope is tbat of consunt spring , while above the cold is not in proportion to the elevation .

      BAY OF SAN FRANCISCO AND DEPENDENT COUNTRY . The bay of San Francisco has been celebrated _, from the time of its first discovery , as one of tbe _Bnest in the world , and is justly entitled to that character , even under the seaman ' s view of a mere harbour . But when all tbe necessary advantages which belong to it—fertile and picturesque _dependent country , mildness and salubrity of climate , connexi _> n with the great interior valley of the Sacramenio and San Joaquin , its vast resources for ship tim her ,

      grain , and cattle , when these advantages are taken into the account , with its geographical position on the line of eomraunication with Asia , it rises into an _iaipor'anop far above that of a mere harhour . lis _latitudinal position is that of Lisbon ; its climate is that of southern Italy _; settlements upon it for more ihan half a century attest its healthfulness ; bold shores and mountains give it grandeur ; tbe extent and fertility of its dependent country give it great resources for agricultural commerce , and population .

      The bay opens to the right and left , extending in each directi on about thirty-five miles , having a total _leagth of wore than seventy , and a coast of about 275 miles . It is divided by straits and projecting points into three separate bays , of which the northern two are called San Pablo and Suisoon bays . Within , the view presented is of a mountainous country , the bay resembling an interior lake of deep water , lying between parallel ranges of raouHtains . It is not a mere indentation of the

      coast , but a little 8 ° a to itself , connected with the oceau by a defensible gate , opening out between seventy aud eighty miles to the ri ght and left , upon a breadth of ten to fifteen , deep enough for the largest ships , with bold shores suitable for towns and settlements , and fertile adjacent country for _cnltivatitm . The head of the bay is about forty miles from the sea , and there commences its connexion with the noble valleys of _Sau Joaquin and Sicramento .

      THE GOLD REGION—THB CLIMATE . The gold region of California is in tbe Sacramento and its tributaries . The climate of the country has no winter in the valley , but the rainy seaseu and the dry , The rainy season begins in November , and continues to the end of February or the beginning of March . Tbe rest of the year is without rain ; but the streams from the Sierra Neradi afford all the facilities for irrigation in the heats of July and August . The whole valley abounds ia wild cattle , wild horses / elks , deer , antelopes , grizzly bears , partridges , water fowls , salmon , & c , & c . All the products of the United States , from apples to oranges , from potatoes to sugar cane , may be produced in the valley of the San J oaqu m and Sacramento . The climate is remarkably healthy .

      Such is the California on the Pacific—the richest , moit _picturesque and beautiful region , for its extent , upon the face of thc earth . Such is the El Dorado of the gold mines ; such is the great acquisition of the late war with Mexico .

      No More Medicine! No Mobe Delicate Children "-Dyspepsia (Indigestion)

      NO MORE MEDICINE ! NO MOBE DELICATE CHILDREN " -Dyspepsia ( _Indigestion )

      Ad00210

      ami irregularity of intestines , the main causes of lSiliousncss , Nervousness , Liver Complaints , Flatulency , 1 ' alpitation of the Heart , Nervous Headaches , Noises in tlie Head and Enr . i , _l'nins in almost every _purt of tlie Body , Asthma , Gout , Rheumatism , Scrofula , Consumption , Dropsy . Heartburn , Nausea after catnip ; or at sea , Low Spirits , " Spnsms , Spleen , . te ., cftvctunUy removed from tlie system , as also Constitutional Debility , by a permanent restoration of the digestive functions to their primitive vigour , without purging , inconvenience , _ptiin , or c . \ i > en 6 e , by

      Ad00213

      _q ; t physical disqualifications , generative _" - ! . „ _¦; "V „ "i ,. r . vr . _» _iMni-muiT . vrs TO _MAlilMA _.-u . ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS , GENERATIVE INCAPACITY , AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE . Twenty-fifth edition , illustrated with Twenty-Six Anatomi . col _Eii'Tiivinj-s on Steel , enlarged to 1 _* JG pages , price Je . 6 d ; by post , direct from the Establishment , os . ud ., in postage stamps . THE . SILENT FRIEXD ; A a medical work on the exhaustion and physical decay ofthe system , produced by exces . _siv . yndulgence , the consequenees of infection , or the abuse of mercury , with ol > _servations on the marrricd state , and tlie disqualifications wbich prevent it ; illustrated by twenty-six coloured engravings _, and hv the detail of eases . Hy It . and L . PERRY and Co .. 19 , _Ilerners-street , Oxford-street . London . Published by tbe authors , and sold by Strange , 21 , r . _-ite-r noster-row : Ilannay , 63 , and Sanger , 150 , _Oxfoitl-strcet ; Starie . _i- _'S , Tichborne-street , Haymarket ; and Gordon , 14 $ , Leadenball-street , London : J . and K . Raimes and Co ., Leithwalk , Edinburgh ; D . Campbell , Argyll-street . CUnsf"ow ; J . Priestly , Ltird-street , and T . liewton , Church-« _treer , Liverpool ' ; 11 . Ingram , Market-place , Manchester . Part the First

      Ad00212

      FAMED THROUGHOUT THE GLOBE . HOLLOWAY'S PILLS . A CASE OF DROrSY . Extract of a Letter from Mr . William Gardner , oflTanging Haughton , Northamptonshire , dated September 14 th , _1 S 47 . Sih , —I before informed you that my wife had been tapped three times f .. r the dropsy , but ' by the blessing of God upon your pills , and her perseverance in taking tliem , thc water has now been kept oft" eighteen months by thenmeans , which is a great mercy . — ( Signed ) WiiAiiK Gauu . VKE . —To Professor Hollowav .

      Iiiacicv Ci.Er;Cal Suits Is Scotland.—A Curious Ecclesiastical Ease Is Now Before The Civil Courts In Scot-

      _iiIACicv Ci . er ; cal Suits is Scotland . —A curious ecclesiastical ease is now before the civil courts in Scot-

      .Uu. '-Y M.An Ot Blninrowrie, Perthshire...

      . uu . ' _-y m . an ot Blninrowrie , Perthshire , having retusod buptism to the child of tt schoolmaster , the _oiise went the run of tho church eourts , and ended in the baptism ofthe child . The schoolmaster then instituted a civil action , and , in absence , the Lord Ordinary found the defendant liable to £ 500 damages _personall y , nnd . £ l , / i 0 (* in conjunction with his kirk session , ' in tbe meantime , the _clergyman has

      commenced : i now suit against the schoolmaster ' s wifo f ' . ir non-attendance at churoh . , Dkath rifoii _. Stauvj . tio . \\—A poor man was lately found dead , at Lettennore , in a field where he had been _re-diirpii _' . g in search of a few potatoes . Tho medical officer of the board of health , resident in tlie district , made a / > o . <* mortem examination , and found that tlie unfurtunato deceased had not an ounce of food in his stomach . It _is alleged that ha applied in vain for relief to the district relieving o ' . licor . —Gidway _Vindicator

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 20, 1849, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_20011849/page/2/