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Northern Star (1837-1852), 20th January 1849, Edition 3 of 3, Page 1

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  • Departments (2)
    • TEE PAUPER'S BUDGET
    • <£t)cixti$t UnuiUatme
  • Text (16)
  • Transcript

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      Tee Pauper's Budget

      TEE PAUPER'S BUDGET

      The Landlord's Protection. The Capitalis...

      THE LANDLORD'S PROTECTION . THE CAPITALIST'S DREAD . THE SHOPKEEPER * S SALVATION . - TO THE LABOURING CLASSES . Mr Friends , As the leaders of all parties are propounding their financial schemes , I consider it my duty , as your accepted leader , to propound mine . And as all are framed for the purpose of improving the condition of all classes of society , I shall base mine upon the broadest and ihe most secure foundation—THE LAND . And I beg of you to bear the fact in mind , that God gave the land to all his children , and not to a few , while the few have made the possession of land the engine for oppressing the many without land .

      Labourers , my views with regard to the land and its capabilities are not Utopian or abstruse , —they are simple , understandable , and easily explained ; and / when an agricultural labourer hears or reads of the dissatisfaction _fand discontent of an allottee occupying four , _ajrree , or even two' acres of land , he laughs _^ - nfully at him , and says , "he wishes he had fi _^ Bomplaint . " My theory has always been to _cttMvate the national resources to their highest capability by labour or machinery , insisting , that ifthe land was open to the poor , all improvements in machinery would then be a blessing , instead of , as now , a curse , because

      npon the principle of co-operation machinery would become man ' s holiday . For instance , although it would not be worth the expense for the owner of a thrashing machine to bring his machine six , eight , or ten miles to thrash the produce of five acres of land , yet it would be well worth his while to bring it a greater distance to thrash the produce of 500 acres of huxi . UoU hj _leo _oOTupams , and toe oecupants TrioM have this advantage , thai upon the j ji-lrjciple of co-operation , the machinery would save them seventy per cent , in labour , —that is , the machine would do the work for less than one third of the money that their time while thrashing it by hand would be worth .

      K- Labourers , even the most p ious parson will ' -. not deny that God has given the land to all , Ciand not to the few ; because all parsons pray , _taevery Sunday , " that God may preserve the _sjSruits ofthe earth to your kindly use , " so that tjn due time YOU , and not a chosen few , may _Eenjoy them . Tour title , your original title , % is then based upon God ' s grant , and I shall | bow trace it from human law . There is no _pEiecessity for going back to the days of the _^ adulterous Harry , who , to gratif y his lust and Stake vengeance of the Pope , confiscated all lithe property of the poor , and divided it

      | _£ amongst the abbettors of his crimes . His _fsdaug hter Elizabeth , not from a sense of _justice or humanity ( for she was a chip ofthe old lihlock ) , but from a dread of the consequences , p _& $ hanged the old Catholic system of supporting _j _^ thepoor , and enacted a law , which was in _^ or ce from the 43 rd year of her reign , to the §| 6 rst year of the reign of Whig Reform . The * 43 rd of Elizabeth made the land liable for tho _gpipport of the poor , and by that law , the gguardians of the poor were compelled to find Uraw materials for the operative out of work ; Hflius enabling him to expend his labour ,

      || pBrhich was his capital , for his own benefit , and _Uncontrolled . This law remained in force till _Wthe year 1834 , when it was altered and pamended , after a very expensive Commission _jpjiad made its report ; and from the compenpdiuin of that report , you will find thatthe Ifmeglect of duty of officers , guardians , ma-| :: nagers , and magistrates , is made the pretext l ; -fcr altering the law ; while the poor , who were f fiie parties most concerned , and who were the _^ gr eatest sufferers from this neglect of duty , [' were not only no party to the new contract , - "but , upon the contrary , were opposed to it to

      ; : : Ja man . Thus , you find that God ' s gift Was _platen away by Harry , restored by Elizabeth , ' . and again taken away by the Whigs . % If , then , according to the theory of _politicians , property is the thing to be represented , s 3 _s it right or just that the ori g inal owners of phe land should be the only parties that have |; jao voice in the election ofa representative ?—Sfor mark , and mark well , too , that , by the law , Sif a man has received parochial aid within six _^ m onths of the day of election , he ( the right-;| ful owner ) , with the first charge npon the _| land , is disqualified , and cannot vote . i Labourers , even yet the poor have the first title to the land . If the tenant is not | able to pay rent , tithes , or other taxes , he

      _£ must pay Poor Kates , it is the first charge || n . pon the land—and , therefore , the poor _represent the first mortgagee , and their claim | takes precedence of all others . The prosjprietor in fee cannot divest himself of the _pliability of Poor Bates , and , in point of fact , she is the lessee of the pauper , because he _^ _holds subject to the charge laid upon the "land by the law for the support ofthe poor ; Sand , however often the land may change "Stands—however complicated the title may be ;* . —whatever may be the necessities of the ; landlord , or the claims of mortgagees and solicitors—none can touch or disturb the legal : claim of the poor .

      7 Labourers , having thus shown you that this property is yours by divine right and ' :. human law , I will now submit my Budget , ' . basing it upon the just appropriation of the poor man ' s property—and from it I will prove _i irrefutably , and I def y contradiction , that the \ proper application of this fund to its legitil mate purposes would make the rich richer , _t and the poor rich . ' With the several contingencies , I estimate _i the annual amount of Poor Bates lowly at

      seren millions a-year , and as they constitute _-Jthe first charge upon property , I estimate the 5 _Talue lowly at thirty years' purchase—that is , _-ihat a majorit y of the landlords would gladly " . ; release their estates from the burthen of t . Poor Bates by paying thirty years' _purchaseg and , in cases where landlords were unwilling .. or unable , capitalists would be but too happy R to give thirty years' purchase—thus receiving _i npon the best security in the world , £ 3 . 6 s . 8 d . per cent , for their money ; and the whole amount would be raised in less than three

      years—and mark its application . That ' _^ 210 , 000 , 000 of money belongs to the poorthere is no mistake about it—and its _misapplication imposes an indirect tax , of over forty millions a-year , upon industrious labourers , . who , by competition consequent upon _destitu-:. tion and dread ofthe Poor Law , are compelled to measure their wages . ; Labourers , while Sir Bobert Peel based his , hope in Free Trade upon anticipated improvements in the science of agriculture ; while _Agricultural Societies , and Cat . ; - A _.- > < _.. d-iii _^ _-ns . and Land Improvement _Associ . _; _- _¦; _^ _ai v : i .-. iiy springing up , as if by magic , _-.-.- <<' : nv vr . r _*< . _i-. «\ as the means—the only meai - ¦ j : I vhi << ;\ n

      classes of society ; do not , Ipi _'< - vt" j- ., roUxi that knowledge ofthe science wh '? h ir- "Ts : interesting to your class ; as , rely upon _::, v- agriculture—not to the _cultivatioii i \ -v soil by himself ; but to reliance upon ' _. _ifrifii' . _ure—xhr mechanic , tlie artificer , theart . _r _^ _Uf . A _> :- operative and labourer , all must _coim-. \ . A now for the result of my budget .

      The seven milhons a year ; . l I Ws \ i : \ _uwould realise two hundred , and u-n _uv-.-. ov , - ¦ ¦ ¦> money , and as the p _hilanthr- ] :.: _v-iorniM * scoff " at the notion of a _workup ' -. _^¦ _-. ¦ •• jupon two , three , or four acres -r i < _i- ' -. '•' _-ISSiTl to each eig ht acres of laii . i . -.. f , i > i _.-i . 'i : ' . ; _tsottege , and £ 50 aid money , r .-i una _wouo be the result : —

      Price of good land released from Poor •• ' - Hates £ 40 an acre for eight acre * J- ' } . fi Expense of bunding cottage , & e . ¦¦ - . _^ > . Aid Money "' ; . : _*• - ' > ' ¦ - , _~_ _Z _~^ mm Thus I appropriate _£ 500 to i ' _i _* L < _-o . ik < v _. vJ

      The Landlord's Protection. The Capitalis...

      a man upon g acres land ofthe best quality , £ 130 for a cottage , and £ 50 as aid money , making £ 500 ; thus establishing not what thePress and the Economists are pleased to call a pauper class , but a yeoman class ; and if you divide £ . 500—the amount required to locate each into £ 210 , 000 , 000 , you will have four hundred and twenty thousand thus provided for , and , at five to a family , you will have two millions one hundred thousand taken out of the destitute Labour market , and constituting a Home Colony for the production of the best , the freshest , and the cheapest food ; and a home market for consumption of home manufactures , more profitable than the rest of the world .

      Labourers , do not y ou mind if those who live upon your destitution and dependence , scoff at this budget ; their objection should ensure your approval . The Poor Bate belongs to you , and I show its most profitable and honourable application ; and you must bear in mind that although I take the seven millions a year nakedly , as the amount paid in Poor Rates , you must add some millions a year to it in the way of saving , as then you wonld educate your own children , no police would be required , and the court houses and _gaols would very speedily be turned Into colleges , or comfortable houses for the really indigent , thd infirm , and the aged .

      Mr Cobden , in his budget , proposes a saving in round numbers of Ten Millions a year , and ifthe cavillers in the Press see in the realisation of his p lan the loss of patronage , and the extinction of corruption ; and if the Exchequer must be kept up to its present figure —five per cent , upon an outlay of Two Hundred and ten millions would produce a revenue of ten million five hundred thousand a year to the Government ; while each

      occupant—for eight acres of prime Land , a good and comfortable house , as good aa I could now build for £ 170 , as I presume that there would be no duty on bricks and timber when built by thc Government ; and £ 50 aid money , —would pay £ 25 a year , at five per cent , upon the outlay . And now what I assert is , that if England was thus reclaimed , she might defy the world in arms . She would have four hundred and twenty thousand of an able-bodied National Militia ,

      with a female and juvenile auxiliary force , with something worth living for , and worth dying for ; while I assert , that there would not be a single defaulter upon rent-day . Labourers , you must understand thatlabour applied to Land is the principal expense ofthe farm cultivator ; you must understand , that agricultural labour and mechanical labour , and all labour , is measured by the pride or the

      destitution of an unwilling idle pauper reserve , and , however you may meet , however you may chatter , however you may cheer , and however you may hug yourselves with a notion that you have hit upon a plan for Labour ' s redemption , I tell you now , for the one thousandth time , that you must get rid ofthe idle pauper reserve by whose necessities , and not by its value , your wages are now measured .

      Labourers , if you multiply four hundred and twenty thousand by eig ht—the number of acres assigned to each—it gives three million three hundred and sixty thousand acres , or not a fifth part of the Land now grazed or badly cultivated in England , Scotland , and Wales . You take nothing from Government , but add ten milhons five hundred thousand a year to the Exchequer ; you take nothing from the landlords , as you allow them to redeem the first charge upon the Land at a very reduced price , and you create a domestic colony for shopkeepers and manufacturers , of all grades and

      classes . And to show you that we are not overpopulated—apart from the spur that this system would g ive to every branch of trade and commerce—there is not a man with eight acres that would not be compelled to employ a labourer , at good wages , every day in the year ; and three , four , and five at some seasons ; but putting it down at one , you have provided for four hundred and twenty thousand agricultural labourers , employed by the four hundred and twenty thousand allottees , their

      families constituting two milhons one hundred thousand . Thus , besides the impetus otherwise given to every other branch of trade , you have four million two hundred thousand , or nearly a third of the population of England , made happy , independent , and comfortable , upon three milhons three hundred and sixty thousand acres . And now what do you say to the philosophers , who tell you that two , three , or four acres of Land will not support a man and his family ?

      Then , not to go at aUmcely into the science of agriculture , and throwing the retail markets altogether overboard , the man who feeds five pigs upon the produce of his land from March to Christmas , will make more than his rent of the profit , if he haa to send them to the market town of his county once a year , or even to London . But perhaps the big-loaf gentlemen will tell you that food would thus become too abundant ; but I reply , better to have domestic food in abundance than to have foreign food to repletion , with English destitution measured by tho surplus .

      Labourers , I have often told you that you represent the man starving in a cook ' s shop : I have often told you that the shoemaker ' s wife , children , and himself , are frequently without shoes , —that the Aveaver is without a shirt , —the tailor without breeches , —and the hatter with a " shocking bad hat ; ' and that it is much better to have a surplus pig than a surplus pair of breeches , with a

      difficulty of getting a customer for them . Aud if we are told that this abundance of home produce would lessen its home value in the market , and that the rent would be too high as compared with the probable price of produce ; then as governmental and all other expenses should be measured by the same standard , the rents should be relatively reduced .

      Labourers , this is the age of progress , and you may rest assured that , g lossed over as every institution now is with the tinsel of ref"rm , you are living under a modified feudal system . Nay , I cannot suppose that - . _vr-n the modification is a benefit to your order , n is perfumed barbarism ; you never heard of ¦ run dying of want under the old feudal _sys-;< :. i ; you never heard ofthe innocent babes of ti < stitute but fond parents being fanned out to a human butcher and allowed to die of plague , ! _- _* _.- _* tiIence , and famine .

      Labourers of England , while all other _countries are puzzled with the " solution of the Labour Question , I repeat my words , delivered i-i Stockport in 1835 : — "LOCK UP THE L : \ KD TO-DAY , AND I WOULD NOT

      -. ' . VE YOU A FIG FOB UNIVERSAL _HFFBAGE TO-MORROW . " Masons of England , Bricklayers of _Eng-; d , Plasterers of England , Carpenters of •' . "gland , Joiners of England , Slaters of _Eng-* . r » i , Nailmakcrs of England , Sawyers of K ii gland , Miners of England , Ironmongers of England , Timber Merchants of England , , Painters of England , Glaziers of England , j _SLoemakers of England , Hatters of England , I Tailors of England , Manufacturers , _Meri ch : tut » - and Shopkeepers of England—I ask

      The Landlord's Protection. The Capitalis...

      you , whether do you think over four millions 6 f industrious men , engaged in reproductive Labour , or a million paupers maintained by poor-rates , would be the best customers at your board ? Labourers of England , do not allow your heads to be puzzled with fascinating and complicated details , connected with the Labour Question in its present phase : tliis is the age of reason and of progress ; you must divest your minds of all that political jugglery , which promises mueh , but gives to you nothing ; and you must instruct yourselves in the

      real—thc practical—the only mode of regeneration . As I tell you , again and again , that your National Debt , your Governmental Expenses , your A _^ my , Navy , ' and Ordnance Estimates , your Placemen , Pensioners , ' and Idle Paupers , are but a mer » flea-bite . compared to the dominion , the caprice , and power of the Capitalist . I , like you , am for cutting down expenditure to the standard of necessity ; and I tell you , that the fifty-three milhons a year paid in taxes , is not a shilling in the pound , when compared with the amount the Free Labourer may earn in the Free Market .

      Labourers , mind that , in France , Prussia , Austria , and even in _fii-mino-strif-Von Ireland , tho Land Question and the Labour Question -a ? ethe questions now _puzzhig statesmen , politicians , and bumpkins ; and upon those Questions you must keep your eyes , steadily fixed . Their most profitable solution is within your grasp , and , much as the theory and its propounder may be reviled and slandered , the Land Scheme must be adopted ; butthegovernment never will adopt it so long as your jealousy constitutes then - title to distribute a larger amount of patronage under the present cramping and destructive system . I conclude in the memorable words of Mr .

      Harkort— " He who must take care of himself has no time to take care of you . " Your faithful Friend and Representative , Feargus O'Connor .

      « < A -.-* -I.-....*? A A.Jjyw. T .., M ...

      _« < A y _^^^ _^ _MBW _^ _^^^/ _f _^^^ _ m

      And National Trades'journal. *

      AND NATIONAL TRADES ' JOURNAL . *

      V S Eiht Of Wl Ffl. . 588. London, Aturd...

      V S eiht of WL ffl . . 588 . LONDON , ATURDAY , JANUARY 20 , 1849 . -. jSr _™ ™««» - — — ' _. ' _*• ¦ ' ___^ Fm" 8 _I _«» ,, > M _* I » a _»* Sixpence per Quarter

      Revelations Of The Spy System. To The Ed...

      REVELATIONS OF THE SPY SYSTEM . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Mb . Editor , —Having been thc victim of an overwhelming amount of calumny , I trust that fact will plead my excuse for requesting the insertion of the following statements , which have beten made known to me since my incarceration in Kirkdale Gaol . It will also enlighten the public still further concerning the infamous method resorted to , in order to entrap the active members ofthe Chartist body . From the information I have received , it appears that a Bradford informer , called Emmett , having been forced to fly from that town , took refuge in Manchester , under the protection of Beswick , " chief superintendent of police , and from the sums which he received from that worthv (?) functionary , was

      enabled te keep a mistress in some part of Salford ; and ai Beswick found himself in an awkward situation through his illegal proceedings—having arrested a number of men without a particle of evidence , it was necessary to fish out something which should form a justification for his conduct . The informer , Emmett , was therefore selected ; and it is evident , from his proceedings , that he received his tuition from the same pure source that supplied the redoubtable Ball . Emmett commenced operations by proceeding to the shop of James Leach , to whom he represented himselfas Euimett ' s brother-in-law . He endeavoured to ingratiate himself into Leach ' s good graces by pretending that his brother-in-law , who was then in

      Manchester , was very sorry for what he had done , and was willing to make amends for it , ifthe Chartists would befriend him . He presented himself again in a while after , and avowed himself to be the veritable llobert Emmett , the Bradford informer ; and , to satisfy James Leach ofthe fact , he produced a list which contained entries of thc monies he had received from Beswick . He then told Leach that he had some important communications to make , in which the Manchester Chartists were deeply interested , and also expressed his willingness to go to America if the Chartists would supply him with the means , as he felt sorry for what he bad done , and having forfeited his previous good character , he would prefer leaving the country . Leach having

      found the fellow out in one lie , he resolved to hear nothing from him , and referred him to * VV . P . Roberts , Esq ., as the proper person to receive any information concerning the Manchester defendants . He left Leach under a pretence to visit Mr . Roberts , but did not go . At a subsequent period , he called on Leach and divulged the lesson which he had received from his employer . He told liim that I was regularly in the pay ofthe authorities , and was the head man over the spy system—that he had seen me reoeive ten pounds from the Bradford magistrates—that there was a regular row among them concerning my extravagant use ofthe monies entrusted to me for tlie purpose of entrapping men—and that Mr . Pollard ,

      who defended me , had not sat on the bench since through it . He said , that I had purchased pistols at Bradford , and given them to parties for the purpose of shooting tie magistrates—andthat , when I 19 was apprehended , I went to bun in his cell , and insisted on him giving evidence against several parties—and that I declared , at the same time , that I had all the leading Chartists fairly in my net . He also informed him that I was to appear in the _witnesB-box . against them at Liverpool , . and offered , for a consideration , to attend at the assizes to confront me with the above , and a large budget of similar statements , in order to destroy the force of my evidence against them . He afterwards waited on Mr . Roberts , and made a similar statement ; but it seems he utterly failed in

      his object of getting money , and also of obtaining information for his base employers , as there was none to give . Now , the worst part of the affair is tliis—the lying and infamous statements of this wretch have been circulated , not only in Manchester , but throughout England . Tbe whole of the parties against whom this ruffian has been employed , have suffered nothing by his falsehoods , whilst I bave been held up as the basest of the base , in an underhand manner , without the slightest chance of defending myself . The substance of _Emniett's statements concerning me has been retailed at private parties and delegate meetings ; and to such an extent has it travelled , that thc governor of this prison informed the Chartist prisoners of it ; and even a man who resides near

      Birmingham , whom I always looked upon and respected as a friend , has added to _it-ybefore a number of delegates in Birmingham—a string of falsehoods of his own manufacture , and claimed credit forthe clever manner in which he had escaped from the trap which Ihadset for him , and thusaddedstrength to the general rumour . It may be very well for some easy , plausible pooplc to exclaim , " Do not mention those matters—let bygones be bygones ; " but I consider it necessary , not only for my own vindication , but for the future safety of public characters , to expose those matters . Pew are aware , or can imagine the suffering which I have endured through these proceedings . It has formed the chief stock in trade of small

      coteries of littleminded and unfledged praters , who set themselves up as _oraclea in various parts of the country , and who thought proper to dissent from my policy . But let my views be what they may , I have stood by them manfully , and no man can say he has been injured by me . I have not shrunk from my opinions through fear ofwhat is termed law ; I have not crept behind a lawyer ' s gown to shield myself from anv responsibility which might be attached to my actions , and am now again undergoing twelve months' imprisonment as a proof of my sincerity . I have not only suffered in personal circumstances , but hit family have known what it was to want

      food , whilst I was held up as an instrument in the hands of the government ; and at tbe same time , itis well known to hundreds in Bradford , I was hunted by those very authorities , and dared not sleep in my own house . " The result was , that I was ultimately compelled to part with my furniture , break up my home , and send my wife and children to her father , for that shelter which I was no longer able to give ; aud final ! v reduced to hear , in prison , the humiliating fact , that the poverty of my family was made the subject of a leading article in the Star , no doubt through sincere kindness on the part of an estoeiued friend .

      The substance of this letter will , therefore , show your readers _trhy my family were in that state ; and were it only to explain the cause of their being in such a situation I should consider myself justified in asking for the insertion of this letter as it is well known t hat I always had as comfortable a

      Revelations Of The Spy System. To The Ed...

      home as most working men , and was not indisposed to work for it . It is ' grievous to be compelled to make such statements , _bufrjustice to myself and the cause of truth _dcmandi _4 _Cy _.. Ihave held n . prominent position inthe Chartist rj _^ ss for Jgnny years , and I wish to hold the _character of _^' sincere and unflinching friend of nun ' s political and social redemption , and prove by my acts that I deserve it . From this gaol , then , I now put forth my final answer to all calumniators . Surely they must be now satisfied , for if fchcy merely desired to injure me , I have got my share , as it is not in the power of thorn , 01 ' the government , to do any man a greater injury than _bf _ycak up his home and place him in prison . liux is

      _, were one thing beyond the power of mortal man , * vluch is , they cannot destroy my principles . I have read this letter to my fellow prisoners , who are all agreed in the correctness of this statement , and ai _^ it _™^ _' ' tne ( _* * * en > ect , by exposing stril further the infamous spy system , and placing the propagators of the above falsehoods in their proper position . In conclusion , I have to state , that time will prove me to have acted the part ofa devoted friend of liberty . I am , Mr . Editor , yours fraternally , _ . ... , „ George White . KirJ * dale Gaol , near Liverpool , Jan . 15 th , 1849 . P . s » Ihope the parties to whom I have alluded , will take tlie same trouble in circulating the sub-Stance of this as they have in propagating the falsehoods _tefertcd-to . —Q . W .

      • ¦•* •** ¦ R Thblmd! To Mhous 6'Coxnor,...

      • _¦•* _•** ¦ r _THBLMD ! tO _mHoUS 6 ' _COXNOR , ESQ ., M . J _* . Deir Sir , —You will much oblige tho members of the Ilea-street branch , by inserting the following r esolution in the Northern Star . Proposed by Mr Packer , aad seconded by Mr Clarke : —¦ " Having heard a copj of a letter read that was sent to the Star for insertion , addressed ' To the Members of the National Land Company , ' and signed G . P ., Birmingham ; ' and which letter Mr . 0 Connor promised should appear the week after , but which lias not appeared yet ; we request it may be published iu thc next Star , and that wc do now pass a resolution according with that letter ; and respectfully request Mr . 0 Connor and the other directors to carry out _fhat cheap plan of building the cottages for the future . Your ' s truly ,

      Wm . Henry Rudhall , for Charles Goodwin . Birmingham , Jan . 16 th , 1849 . [ hi answer to the above , I beg to say , that nothing but pressure upon my time , and upon the columns of the Star , has prevented the publication of Mr . Packer's proposition referred to in the Birmingham letter ; it shall appear next week with my comment upon it , arid at all times I , shall be most happy to receive suggestions from the working men upon the Land Plan , and the most economical mode of carrying it out , wlile I will be no party to a parsimonious economy in the erection of cottages for the poor , as ono of my principal objects is to see them comfortably and respectably housed , as I feel convinced as I do of my existence , that ere long , when the

      Company is completely registered , my whole time and that of maiy others who now revile the Plan , will be occupied ii carrying it out ; and I beg to tell tbe members , that much as I am otherwise occupied , time hangs heavily upon my shoulders , and I long to go back tothe fields . It may bt some consolation to thc members that we have now jot the opinion of one of the ablest conveyancers and also of the ablest common law lawyers , both agreehg that tho Company must be registered in its present shape and form , and that the Registrar will be conpelleu to register it . However , where law and caprice interfere those things are not done in a day , ard what I state I base upon long but simple-written opinions of those two lawyers , who have given tbe matter their most anxious attention . Feargus O'Connor . ]

      The Cholera. The Following Fresh Cases W...

      THE CHOLERA . The following fresh cases were reported by the Board of Health on Saturday : Lambeth , 1 ; Lower Tooting , 4 , 3 fatal ; Wandsworth , 2 ; Chelsea , 1 ; The Wilderness , Margate , from Tooting , 11 , 2 fatal ; East Rcedham , Norfolk , 12 , 2 fatal ; Gateshead , 3 ; Workhouse , Howden Union , G , 3 fatal ; Wakefield , 3 ; _-fading , 1 fatal ; Sunderland , 1 ; Edinburgh , 5 fatal ; Glasgow , 03 , 33 fatal ; Bones , 1 fatal ; Bonhill , 1 fatal ; Dumbarton , 2 ; Caddar , 1 ; Dumfries , 1 ; Kilmadock Doune , 9 , i fatal ; Tranent , from 25 th Dec , 26 , 10 fatal ; Greenock , 1 fatal ; Stranraer , 1 fatal . Total new cases , 178 , 67 deaths .

      On Monday the following fresh cases were reported by the Board of Health : Drouet's pauper establishment , Tooting , 13 fatal ; Workhouse , Holborn Union , 2 , 1 fatal ; Refuge , Ogle-street , Marylebone , 1 ; Aithorpe House , Battersea , 1 ; Wandsworth and Clapham Union , 2 , 1 fatal ; Wandsworth , 3 , 1 fatal ; Kingston Union , 2 fatal ; Hackney , 1 fatal ; Spittal , Berwick-upon-Tweed Union , 1 fatal ; Carlisle , 10 , 1 fatal ; Wakefield , 7 . 5 fatal ; Aldenhani , Herts , 1 fatal ; Edinburgh , 3 fatal ; Glasgow , 118 , 53 fatal ; Mearns , by Glasgow , 1 fatal ; Melrose , 1 tatal ; Old Monkland , from 9 th to 13 th , 42 , 25 fatal ; New Monkland , 44 , 30 fatal ; Kilmadock , Doune , 10 , 5 fatal ; Paisley , 25 , 11 fatal ; Dunipace , 1 fatal ; Greenock , 3 , 2 fatal ; Jedburgh , 2 , 1 fa t al ; Stevenston , Ayrshire , 4 , 1 fatal ; Selkirk , 3 . Total new cases , 289 , 1 C 1 deaths .

      On Tuesday tlie Board of Health received reports of the following fresh cases : Wapping , 1 ; St . John's Southwark , 2 ; Carlisle , 5 , 1 fatal ; Wakefield , 4 , 3 fatal ; Binfield , 1 ; Edinburgh , 3 , 2 fatal ; Glasgow , 53 , 20 fatal ; Jedburgh , 1 fatal ; Bonhill _, 1 ; Selkirk , 1 fatal ; Cumnock , 3 ; Cambuslang , 3 fatal . Total new cases , 78 ; deaths 31 . On Wednesday , the following fresh cases were reported by the Board of Health : —Whiteohapel , 2 ; London-docks ( on board ship ) , 1 fatal ; Hackney ( from Tooting ) , 1 fatal ; Wandsworth , 6 , 4 fatal ; Battersea , Althorpe-house , 1 ; Workhouse , Howden Union , 6 ; Reading , 1 ; Wakefield , 3 , 2 fatal ; Edinburgh , 2 fatal ; Glasgow , 62 , 19 fatal ; Old Monkland , 18 , 8 fatal ; Wiston , by Biggar , 1 ; Jedburgh , 1 ; Selkirk 2 . Total new cases , 107 , 37 deaths .

      On Thursday there were 79 new cases and 34 deaths _. On _Friday , 111 new cases and 33 deaths .

      Middlesex Sessions. Wednesday, Jan. 17. ...

      MIDDLESEX SESSIONS . Wednesday , Jan . 17 . The Casixos . —¦ This morning the grand jury brought in three bills against Henry Laurent , Jidin Adams , aad James Thompson , for illegally allowing music and dancing at the Adelaide Gallery , in the Lowthcr Bazaar , not being licensed ; against the proprietor of the National Hall , in Holborn , for the same offence ; and again 3 t William Clements , for the like offence , at a certain room in Theobald ' sroad . The informations were laid by Thomas Stowell , of No _.-ll , Church-street , Trinity-square , Southwark , who stated that lie was _crapro'co * by a society of persons who had a lincence for music and dancing granted to them by the magistrates . A true bill has also been found against the Walballa _Rooma _, in Leicester-square .

      V 1 M . ANY PROTECTEO BY THE LAW . W . Smart was indicted for having stolen a quantity of furuiturc , the property of a person of the name of Groves . It appeared from the statement of tbe prosecutor t hat the prisoner had taken a lodging in his house about four months since , but he had left in consequence of some unpleasant woros having passed between them . A fortnight ago he went out in the m * ruing as usual , leaving his wife and four children at home , and on his return was much astonished at finding that his wife and one of his children had gone off , and that the whole of his furniture had been

      removed . In tbe course of a day or two he ascertained that bis wife was living with the prisoner at No . 5 , Duke Street , and upon going there he discovered that not only had his wife gone there , but that the place was fitted up with his furniture . On his arrival he was informed that his wife had left ; but by furtber inquiries he learned that they had just taken up their abode at a bouse in Tabernacle Walk . Thither he went about ten o ' clock at night . He found his wife in a bedroom , and she denied that the prisoner was with her . He , however , searched the noom , when he discovered him concealed under the bed . By the advice of his brother he gave the prisoner into custody .

      Cross examined . —He bad been married nine years but his wife and himself had not lived happily together ; so much so , that they had lived a part on several occasions , The learned Judge told the jury that tbe charge of felony against the prisoner could not be sustained upon the evidence which had been brought forward , ior doubtless tlie furniture had been removed with the consent , and in all probability by the direction of the wife-The J ury therefore acquitted the prisoner ,

      &Lt;£T)Cixti$T Unuiuatme

      < £ t ) cixti $ t _UnuiUatme

      National Victim And Defence Fund. Sums R...

      NATIONAL VICTIM AND DEFENCE FUND . Sums received hy tlie General Committee . —S v _Ho-wl pF * 1 _£ _% _'• _^ * _1 _Uder £ 1 128 _- _'* _PWMr _/ Kvdd * £ 1 12 s . SM . ; Ernest Jones Locality , 10 s . ; _Westminster 2 s . 2 , 1 . ; a Friend _at John-street , 5 s . ; per Mr . _KnSS £ _S"t _[ ' He-top Locality , penr . Sumner , 7 s . Od . ; Oi ppie _^ c _,,, _* _,, air . tay is . per Mr . iMerriinan , 6 ( 1 . ; Brunswick Hall per Mr . Bailey , L ' s . Gel . ; Liverpool , per Mr . _CoUintr , ls . ; Col T _^ _l . _' _o r . _^^' eem ! ln ' is- *•' _*•*•• M ' Grat ' - _"Vr otar , Us . & . ; Collected at the Barley Mow , _Betlmal-jrreenroad , per Allen , 2 s . 9 d . ; Hall Locality , Cro _> vn and Anchor _, per ditto , , w . Globe and Friends , iwr Thomas , 3 s . 2 d . ; _CommorDlul-Vo .- j dll-Jl _, per ditto , is . « i ; John Kendrick , pei ditto os , Hoxton Locality , per Cox , 5 s . 0 W . ; Somers lown ditto per _Wyatt , lis . ' 2 d ; ; John Arnott . as per Star , 8 s ; South London Hall , per Egcrton , 15 s . Sd . ; _Cripplejrate Locality per Fay , 9 d . _; _Brunswick Mall , Limehouse per Bailey , -is ( id . ; Ernest Jones Locality , per Hwruo 4 < ?' Mr jarit' * _- _^ * ABxorr - _^^^ 0 & ,

      The Executive Committee met at their rooms 144 , High Holborn , on Friday evening , Jan . 12 th ' , when the following members were present—Messrs ' Dixon , Stallwood , Kydd , M'Grath , ltoss and Clark ! Mr Dixon was called to thc chair . letters ofa very encouraging nature were read from Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Bradford , and the local agents were dulv confirmed . Application was made by the Caiftbefwell friends through Mr _StaUwood , for two members of the Executive to attend a free _discugsion in the Camber-veil district , the subject— " What lesson does _Jlistory teach ; " thc Camberweii friends believing that by so doing great good would be done in . spreading Chartist principles . Messrs . Dixon and StaRwood were duly appointed to that mission . —Mr . M'Grath gave notice that at tho next meeting of the Executive , he would raise the question : — " What shall be our future policy , as regards the _proceedings of other

      political parties . "—Paiiliamestaiiy Demonstration . —The Executive , with the deputies from each district , then formed themselves into committee on the demonstration business . Mr . M'Grath said , circumstances had caused him since their last meeting to come to the conclusion tha t the soiree should consist of a tea-party and public _meeting and that the public should be admitted after tea , at tho usual admission charges . Mr . M'Grath moved a resolution in accordance therewith , and the motion was unanimously adopted . It was also unanimously resolved : — " That the following members of Parliament be invited to attend the soiree : —T . S . Duncombe , T . Wakley , G . Thompson , W . S . Crawford , John Williams , Charles Lushington , Charles Pearson , Feargus O'Connor , R . B . Osborne , W . J . Fox , Lawrence Heyworth , and Colonel Thompson . " The committee then adjourned .

      _Cnow . v and Anchor . —On Sunday evening , Jan , 14 th , '' The Land—its capabilities , and its possession by the people" was discussed . Mr . Styles opened the question in a masterly manner , showing the benefit ofthe people obtaining the land as a moans of removing the distress now existing . Messrs . Illingworth and Fordinando also addressed tho mooting ; on the motion of Mr . Davics , the question was adjourned to next Sunday evening , Mr : O'Connor ' s letter was then considered , but there being a diversity of opinion , the consideration of the letter was adjourned to Sunday evening . BiNOtKY . —A grand banquet was held at the new Odd Fellows' liall , on Saturday evening last , to

      welcome Mr . _Iekringul , on his liberation from Wakefield prison . Mr . Ickringill was met at the railway station by the Bingley band , and a large concourse of las Chartist friends , who formed into procession , and accompanied him to the Hall , amidst thc cheers ofthe populace of Bingley . About 500 sat down to tea , after which the public were admitted . Mr . W . . North having been called to the chair , tbe meeting was addressed by Mr . W . Firth , of Keighley , and Mr . E . Hurley , of Bradford . The evening's amusements concluded with singing and dancing . —Mr . E . Hurley delivered lectures on Sunday afternoon and evening . Tlie Hall was so rowded in the evening that hundreds could not gain admittance .

      Norwich . —At a general meeting held in the room , St . Mary ' s , on Monday evening last , a vote of confidence was given to Mr . O'Connor , and a resolution to carry out his plan adopted . It was also resolved : — " That ten shillings be sent to the Executive , to assist them in carrying out the agitation for the People ' s Charter . " Holmfirth . — At a meeting on Sunday evening last , a resolution approving of Mr . O'Connor ' s letter in tlie Star of Saturday , and a vote of confidence in that gentleman , was carried unanimously ; after which Mr . Henry Marsden delivered an interesting lecture on the Labour Question , and at the conclusion , a collection was made for the Victim and Defence Fund .

      Brigiitox . —A concert was given at the Artichoke Inn on the 9 th inst ., to commemorate the seventyeight anniversary of Mr . Flower ' s birthday , which was well attended . A variety of patriotic songs were sung , and the proceeds , £ 1 12 s . i ) d ., in accordance with the wish of Mr . Flower , has been forwarded to the National Defence and Victim Fund , and six shillings to tlie Executive New Year ' s Gift . , _HuLV- _^ At the weekly meeting on Sunday last , it was resolved , " That Mr . P . M'Grath , * be requested to allow himself to be put in nomination tor the representation of this borough , vacant through Mr . E . T . Baines having accepted the presidency ofthe Poor Law Commission . A letter was read from Mrt . Theobald , promising to deliver a temperance lecture on the 22 nd inst ., in the Temperance Hall , Paragon-street .

      South _Londox Hall . —A very numerous meeting assembled at the above hall on Wednesday evening , to hoar Messrs . Thomas Clark and Samuel Kydd on the subject of " Ireland and her Government . ' * Mr . Richards waa called to the chair , and briefly introduced Mr . Clark , who traced the miseries of Ireland to the conduct and misrule of her governors in allowing her lands to lie waste , whilst her people starved . Were her lands duly cultivated , and their products wisely distributed , they would afford sustenance to those who were now starving , and bring ultimate comfort and happiness to her whole people—but he much feared this would never be accomp lished until the people of both nations laid all prejudices aside , and made common cause . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Kydd ably supported Mr . Clark , and said Ireland and ' Irish misery was an English question/—it affected England very greatly—and , as a remedy , he would say—tax the uncultivated land

      of Ireland . Let Parliament pass a law imposing five shillings an-acre on all uncultivated land , g iving its proprietors the option of cultivating or giving it up to the government for the benefit of the people . ( Loudcheers . ) Ifthe land was cultivated , the people would be employed ; if thc land remained uncultivated , its proprietors would bo bound to find the means of supporting those people whom they caused to be unemployed , or resign it to government , who would cause it to bo tilled for the benefit of the people . Hence , ho said , the land for Ireland ; and civil liberty , under the People ' s Charter , for both England and Ireland . ( Great applause . ) Mr . Kydd incidentally mentioned the name of John Mitchel , as a man who had sacrificed ali in an attempt to olovato Ireland in the scale of nations . Tlie declaration was received with the most vehement applause . The meeting then adjourned to Wednesday , the 24 th inst ., to discuss the question—" Revolutions—their causes and effects . "

      Employment Of Thk Poon.—On Tuesday Eveni...

      Employment of thk Poon . —On Tuesday evening a meeting of the rate-payers of the parish cf St . Andrews , Holborn , was held at the Red Lion Tavern , Red Lion-street , for the purpose of inducing the Paving Board to give employment to artisans out of work , and to tbe inmates of the workhouse , as street orderlies , instead of cleansing the streets by the present expensive and unproductive method . Mr . T . Smith in the chair . Mr . Pearson , a churchwarden and guardian of the poor , in proposing the first resolution , adverted to the number of persons then in the workhouse a charge upon the parish . A fair trial had been given to the . system of keeping street _, orderlies in the parishes of St . James , St . Anne , and St . Martin , and the inhabitants were so pleased with the various benefits which arose from it that they had subscribed a good sum for the maintenance of these orderlies , besides onering to pay any

      reasonable sum which might be required for carting away the refuse . Several otber gentlemen tben addressed the meeting , dwelling at great length upon the crowded state of the metropolitan prisons , and the enormous expense which the _maintenance of those prisons required . Poverty was the great incentive to crime , and it was actually tbe fact that 50 , 000 artisans were now in London unemployed . Would it not be better to endeavour to employ even a part of that great number in cleansing the streets than having them driven to the workhouse or toalptison by famine ? A resolution was then agreed to , calling upon ithe Paving Board to adopt the plan of employing these men in cleansing tbe streets instead of continuing the present method . Other resolutions , expressive of satisfaction at the results ofthe experiments set on foot in reference to street sweeping , were then agreed to ; and , after a vote of thanks Ut the chairman the meeting separated ,

      -.-* -I.-....A A.Jjyw. T .., M Saturday,...

      -.- _* -I .-.... a A _. jjyw . T .., _m Saturday , . _Tam-aiiy _. h _~& f ~ - _& -, iLT , " * 'CIN ( ' _Cuoikra Casks . —Yesterdav , the ? ftw \ r T \ ° V '' « 1 ' _«* _' « bl _.-en _* ho _^ m e _^ bl _mS _1 _^^^ _Lr-: i . _^ _- _^* _y--f s Wak _^ MP _^ _iifolob _^^ Gray _s-ian _.-raod . Several witnesses were examined including the resilient surgeon of Mr . i " 3 establishment , _Mesrs . Ponham , Bailuv , and 1 W siirgcons > . _a'id several of tbe children . ' Tho inquest was again , adjourned to Juesdav next . A full report of tlie evidence of yesterday will be « _-iven m next Saturday ' s Star . °

      Great $ we _at _' Paddixgto . v . —Last night , between 7 and 8 ,. a . fire , involving a destruction of property valued at some thousands of pounds , broke out at Irongate Wharf , Praed-street , Paddington . Tho premises in which tho disastrous event occurred were in the- _occupation of Mr . Wm . Buddie , and were well known as the steam saw mills and marble works . Thefireaien laboured without intermission _, until nearly eleven o ' clock , when the flames at length succumbed . Mr . Huddle informod the reporter that tlie machinery , which cost him a short time since , upwards of £ "> , 000 , was insured for only £ 1 , 000 , and the insurances effected upon the stockin-trade were not one tithe of his loss . Thk late Fire is Lincoln ' s . Inn Fields . —During yesterday the firemen succeeded in turning up among the rumsa parchment packagenot in the

      , , least degreo injured , which proved to be thc titledeeds of an estate ,-left in Messrs . Jones , Bennett , and Bateman _' 3 care , amounting to £ 27 , 000 . A mortgage deed of £ 10 , 000 has also beon recovered , quite uninjured ; and another of £ 12 , 000 , together with a number of smaller amount . Thk l . _- . tbCaseofDkstituhonat Westminster . — At the inquest held on the body of Mr . E . Williams , artist , whose sufferings arising from destitution will be found detailed m our police report the iury returned a verdict of " Died from the want of common necessaries , the wants of the family having been concealed from the parish . " In the course , ofthe inquiry , Emily Williams , the daughter ofthe deceasedstated that for some weeks past thev had

      , been in want of the common necessaries of food , firing , and clothing , but did not make application during that timo to the parish authorities for relief , because her father strongly objected to their doing so . The little food the family got was by knitting articles , which she sold in the streets . Her father often went without victuals all day . Neither he nor the rest of the family had had any moat for a long while . Her father " had no covering when he laiddown but the clothes he wore , and he used to go without while these were cleansed . For eight days previous to his death he had had no bread , only tea and water , There was some bread , hut he would not touch it , because there was not enough for the children .

      The Irish State Trials . —On Thursday Mr Duffy was again placed at the bar when Mr Justice Perrin said tho Crown had prayed final judgment , and the prisoner insisted that ho was entitled to plead , and several cases had been cited at both sides . At tho desire of theprisoner they should allow him to plead to the felony , and the Clerk of the Crown would ask him whether he was guilty or not . Mr Duffy then pleaded not guilty . —Mr justice _Terrin We shall adjourn the commission now to the fitU of February . It would be quite impossible to have » trial now .

      The War i . v the Pit-jam . —Intelligence from India , to the 18 th of December , has arrived , announcing the retreat ofthe Sikh army under Shcre Singh from the banks of the Chenab , along the mountain chain towards the Jhelum . There had been some fighting previously , in wh'ch Brigadier-General Cureton was shot through tin heart , " while leading a charge of cavalry , Several other officers were killed and wounded . Lord Cough has crossed the Chenab with his camp , some ton miles , France . —Barbes , Albert , Blanqui , Sobrier , Raspail , Courtais , Louis Blanc , Caussidiere , and others accused of being implicated in the affair of the loth of May , aro to be put on their trial immediately .

      On Thursday the government presented the names of M . Boulay ( de Meurthc ) , General Baraguay d'Hilliers , and M . Vivien , out of which the National Assembly is to select one as Vice-President of the French Kepublie . Home . —Tho Pope has published an address to the Roman people , threatening excommunication to all who should take any part in the election of persons for the Constituent Assembly . In retaliation , the Romans took from the hatters' windows all the cardinals' hats , and , having carried them in procession throughout the city , singing funeral hymns , thoy proceeded to the bridge ot Sixtus , where they threw them into the Tiber . The Roman ministry have abolished tlie law of primogeniture by a decree , in virtue of a preceding decision of the Chambers . .

      An Appeal To The Working Classes Of Losd...

      AN APPEAL TO THE WORKING CLASSES OF LOSDON , AND THE PUBLIC IN GENERAL , ON BEHALF OF JOHN PHURY , MARSDEN , BULLOS , AND HALL , THE FOUR SHEFFIELD RAZOR GRINDERS , Who were convicted at the York Spring Assizes , 1848 , on a charge of instigating men to destroy machinery , and sentenced to ten years' transportation , upon tho evidence of two men who were under sentence of

      transportation for destroying the said machinerywhose testimony was unsupported in any material point—and who ( it is believed ) made this charge against the officers of thoir Trades * Society , in order to get thoir own sentence mitigated ; as a proof of which , since the conviction of John Drury and the others , their sentence has been commuted from seven years ' transportation to eighteen months' imprisonment !

      AYc , the Committee , knowing the character of theso mon , and believing thorn to be innocent , have resolved to let no opportunity pass to restore them to their wives and families ; and in consequence of tho sentence boing heavier than the law has awarded in sucli cases , namely , seven years' transportation , whereas a sentence of ten years , * transportation has been passed upon them , that is , three years more than tho utmost

      p enalty of tho law , —a writ of error has been obtained , which has already cost thft Trades of Sheffield upwards of mi . Their means having been exhausted in consequence of the depressed state of trade , this appeal is made to you , to enable them to carry this expensive course to a successful issue , there being no court of appeal in criminal cases , however innocent the parties convicted may be .

      By the exertions of thc working classes , the Dorchester labourers were set at liberty , and the innocence of the Glasgow cotton-spinners was established ; and we , believing these meu to be equally innocent , and who arc now suffering the horrors of transportation , confidently make this appeal to you on their behalf , certain of being successful . Fellow-workmen . ' Each is inquiring , " Who will be safe , ifthe liberty of the subject is made dependent upon the will and caprice of the Felon ?"—and how strikingly does this case prove what kind of evidence is sufficient to secure a conviction against a poor workman , w h ose views , sentiments , and feelings are not iu accordance with the powers that be ! Signed , by order of the Committee ,

      BKNJAMIN HlGGOllT , Sec . Committee Eoom of the Trades' _Delegates , Bell Inn , Old Bailey , Dec . 13 th , l _! Mb \ Subscriptions received at thc above place .

      The Cholera Amongst The Pauper Children ...

      THE CHOLERA AMONGST THE PAUPER CHILDREN AT TOOTING . OFFICIAL REPORT FROM THE _TOOR LAW BOARD . On Thursday a numerous special meeting of the Board of Directors of the poor of St . Pancras was , held in the new vestry room , adjoining the workhouse , _King's-road _, Camden-town , for tbe purpos , of receiving a report wbich had been forwarded fro' _„ tbe Pcor Law Board , Somerset-bouse , concemir ~ theoutbreak of cholera amongst the children farm i ( j out at Mr . Drouet ' s establishment at Tooting , a J ( j as to tbe disposal of the children which bad _bi , _ removed therefrom . / Francis Heal ** , Esq ., churchwarden , having b : j B _ called to the chair , J

      Mr Pitt , the acting clerk to tbe Board , read / the repoit which , after alluding to the calamitous / oc _ currence at Tooting states that the Poor ' Law Board are desirous of turning the attention o e i _ Directors to tbe provisions for tbe relief and to : magement of pauper children that have been recer . tly incorporated into the laws for the relief of the / j , 0 or and _especially to those which are contained i » u ) e 7 th and 8 th Vic , cap . 101 , The provisions Hhich the Poor Law Board refer to relate chiefly to the establishment of district schools .

      After some conversation , in wbich the tone of the report , as well as the suggestions it i . 'fnlained _, appeared to meet with general approbation , the raotion was agreed to , and the Board adj ); _jrned .

      ** •* Vi H. I

      _** _•* Vi H . I

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 20, 1849, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_20011849/page/1/