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Northern Star (1837-1852), 19th April 1845, Edition 3 of 3, Page 1, ANT) mTOWAT TOAto^ JOnTOAT

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    • TO THE CHARTISTS.
    • ^ foreign JnteHijpiw
    • €vm& Mmtmmte
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      To The Chartists.

      TO THE CHARTISTS .

      -U Tteiii Fbiesds ,—On Monday Next Roubw...

      -u Tteiii FBiESDS , —On Monday next _rouBWpre-» «« * -Billinw thi _London , for the purpose of _^^ _wheir title to civil and religious liberty _., _-feeepnigahveu . _^^^ _^ _^^^ _^^ _^ f Sofm _^ _S _^ calling tliellouse of learn _^ _ST 2 l 3 _i Temple-bar . Although upon _* fr * eC _^ _^ ions the number of delegates may verr many _^^ _^ _^ _defiance of every _descrip-^ _nT ffity to Chartism , I proudly assert that at *"" - odof _ife history did those elected to represent _? ° _Jjf - _( _Ajjes- ' ever represent so large an amount ite " ™ L _er In 1 _S-39 , when the working classes _wS « _S ' - ¦• PP lau ' dea _ae s P eedies of Chartist _^ f _^ i hey hailedthem rather as the antagonism of _SlL that were , than as the exposition of Chartist live thou

      _rincip les . In _l-s _^*™* * "may nave Deen - 1 P ndof an _aufhen celisteningto live speakers ; and yet _' _^• A _jefivethoasmd _wlm _checredihose speeches , few , c _j- effj lad attached ¦ themselves to the principles V Chartisva _. They were then too new , and but rideunderstood , althoughlongp «) pounded . Speeches _aicnenevcr can establish aparty ; andforthisreason : _jjeeause onc leader way be propounding one policy , i another leader another policy , in different places * the same time : and no systematic course of action _Wcr such circumstances can be possibly devised . Since 1839 , however , the people have been taught io read auk * ** * , and soon hegan to judge alike and the result of that judgment has been , that iheir leaders

      hare been either compelled to speak alike Upon all material points , or to abandon the ranks if their notions so far interfered with general impressions as to neutralise general action . This is the secret of •¦ _aabhshmg a national party : first , to agree upon ihe principle ; then upon fhe organisation ol that -force , by which it is to be accomplished ; and then upon the direction ofthe power for its attainment . I assert , then , without fear of contradiction , that we have progressed to this extent : tbat while " the _outward and visible signs" of Chartism are not as _abun-& ni as they were In 1 _SS 0 , yet the "inward and spiritual grace" is very much more abundant . I farther contend that the unadmitted and nnconfessed power of Chartism has driven Sir Robert Feel to look among his old enemies for new friends , until at

      length he has stumbled upon the expedient of _coalesdngwith Jar . Daniel O'ConneU as his last resource in the battle of " _mightagahTSt-dght . '' There being no such ihing as political principle in Ireland , Air . O'ConneU has seized the hait offered him by Sir _Ro-\& i Peel to foster and . _enco-urage a more deadly hosjjUiy than he has been yet able to create between the - j- _* ii < rlish and Irish working classes , and especially bej _^ ecn tiie English and the Irish resident in England _, _gis mind , throughout his chequered political life , has * _oeen directed to this one object , and for this sole reason , because he knows that an infusion of English democratic principle into the Irish mind would be destructive of his vacilla _* ting , a ) rdid , jugglingpoliey 2 e never had so great a god-send as the present offer of Sir Robert Peel to corrupt the Irish Catholic

      _roricsthooa . * 1 select-flnssnbject to write on , because it is very lftelvto create a civil war : and if anything could jDStifyawar , itwonld be resistance to any further connection between the State and any ofher Church . _jisyet the contest has been confined -within the walls cf Parliament * bnt . erelong , the battle will rage in every Dissenting meeting-house ; in every State Church , and in every free ( _Siurch in Scotland . It is right , therefore , that the people of England should

      - _jnderstand , and that the people of Ireland should understand , who have been the promoters of the _srife . Sir Robert Peel and Mr . O'Connell must bear all the responsibility and the odium of whatever may follow : Sir Robert Peel for the imbecilit y of _adeavonring to perform an impossibility for the -mere purpose of attempting , by an expedient , to " MAKE IHE IB 15 G "LAST HIS "TIME ' " and Mr . O'COnsell , for fhe treason of having sold his country to an _Tnnli-ih Minister , in the hope that the deadly result mavnotbe discovered during " ms time . "

      However , Mr . O'Connell and the Irish Catholics may have led to the " belief that they were opposed to the endowment of the Catholic Church , or to any measure that would corrupt the Irish priesthood , this question of endowing Maynooth will be most f < _werfnl in his hands for causing dissension between the English and Irish people . Ton cannot point out tne single instance , man his invitation to the Attor ney-General to prosecute ns for high treason down io _iik command to the Irish in England to join the -Anii-Corn-Lavr League against the Chartists , without « fimng to the conclusion "that the " one thing" thai has haunted Ms subtle mind more than another , has been the growth of Chartist principles and the dread iestihey should spread in Ireland .

      There is little doubt that fhe English working liases will be called on to speak out -upon the question of endowing the Catholic Church ont of that fond supplied by afas upon their industry ; and I have as Utile doubt that they will speak ont like men . You may believe me , that if this measure is tarried , Sir Robert Peel will derive an amount of _Mporary support from those calling themselves "Irish liberals , " which , though perhaps less dangercm in his hands , would nevertheless he a power _"gainst which we should find danger and difficulty in _rosteniling : and as I generally come in for one-man ' s share of both one and the other , I have a right to ana myself "with as strong a protective force as tan be possibly mustered . I tell you candidly , that

      ihe success of fhe Maynooth project would throw the cause of democracy back for years ; and therefore , si the hazard of being held up to the enthusiastic sad excited mind as a bigotted opponent of my Catholic feliow-coHntrymen , I am prepared to offer to it 3 a the -resistance in my power . 1 trust that , where crar public meetings are held for the purpose of diseasing the subject , the Chartist speakers , at all events , will abstain from - uttering a single expression calculated to aid Mr . O'Connell in his attempt to make it a further cause of strife between the people » f both countries ; while , at the same time , I trust thatthey wUl he prepared to resist the measure by all the _oonstifational means in their power . What those amsfitutioBal means may be , Sir Robert Peel must c ccide .

      Hoping ihat « nr coming together may have the effect of furthering the principles of Chartism , and believing that the day is not far distant when the happointed -of all part ies must rally round our _•^ dard ; and frosting that the day may come , . and at _^ _peedfly , when priests of all denominations may paid by those who desire their services , 1 remain , Your faithful servant , _F-fiABGUS O'Consoh .

      ^ Foreign Jntehijpiw

      _^ foreign _JnteHijpiw

      France. ^. -'Ijpcnriohtei-Peiinoir.—Thed...

      FRANCE . _^ . - _'ijpcnRioHTei-PEiinoir . —TheDjebais announces _follows tiie decision of ihe CounciKfPrefectnre on _*^ ,. _Wion of the petitions of the _. offieers ofthe t _^! 0 _*^ G , 1 _^ afiahistthe _* _irmin 2 of the fortifica-3 ? 1 - _? aris -- " Of the several officers of the a » o- _° _^ _v _^ Prosecuted for having signed petitions t _^^ _f _mament ofthe fortifications of Paris , cS ! rfT already been brought before the _Rai * . « the Prefecture , presided over by Count _^ OttlM f P _^ son , and composed of Messrs . dela Mnn _«^ ond de Ladebat _, de Maupas , Lucas de " _njsoy , and Jlolin . The officers were defended by tWk" _" _?" oIun * and M _. Jolv , both members of the _tKT _^ f _^ P _^ es . It was not till yesterday that t _^ _f _Z _" _^ Pronounced its decree . Thirfy of the _ifflWfiT _"* " _^ * pemled from the exercise of the tte wi ! _^ _"fstftbeir rank for two months , but were d _* fcf _*^ _^ h" > g given _satisfactory _explaiiaiions , _^ _u-scnarged free from the complaint laid _jisainst

      thtxnvn _^^ s _'~~ J _^ s hostile controversy between afresh _«^^ PmessoiBandthe _Jusuits , has received _PeerT _^ r from a discussion in the Chamber of the _iTrjpSr _"P _apetition frem Mareeffles against MeS _? _^ _Sht in the College of Prance by ¦ _a Dc _^ S _lkf * _*" _- ?* - a- ** _Qmne _^^ oetrines which are _gio £ i t w _™^ _- _* " _* _-8 of the _Btiman Catholic reli-Fraw _^ _a _^ S _^ admitted that the College of _tioa jmwij _" - * University , was an institu-¦ _W "" _aTSSS , _*• _*•* - _*¦*¦• * " * xes 6 nS tne state

      _W _*& over tie ; " _'" _unuation , naa no by the _Cfflanio * _, 1 e 660 rs _^ that _wMdl * _" _£ iven ° f "Mrniebw ,, a _i . of _&* country over all teachers ¦ S _"^ Kw _^* _* -M . Com in defending bert _, _aS _^ _ft ? 6 a ' _* _^ _Q 0 _™* Montalem _rak d IfcdV * _^ e esn _wmmunify , which he said _**» 4 JS _jSNa , caused civil war in Switzer The a _^^ ae Xing ' * -Government in cheek . _•« _snltS _?•? - _^ oogn it led to no practical * _fcn « o _^ _w _P _^^ f _POMm feeling takes fire _fetched . * _HSjfflty and Jesnit _confaoversyis

      France. ^. -'Ijpcnriohtei-Peiinoir.—Thed...

      _SWITZERLAJvD . Tkj-cmph of the ZumcH Radicals . —That the Swiss Radicals are not at all likely to relax in their exertions to achieve the objects they have in view , is shown by the recent and important changes which have taken place in the canton of Zurich . A letter from Zurich of the 3 rd , says : — The Federal Executive Council , which is at the same tim _^ the Cantonal Executive authority of Zurich , was composed of thirteen members , eight of whom belonged to the _dedded Conservative parry . The period of the re-election of five amongst them having arrived , tbe Grand Council put aside four strong aristocrats , MM . Wild , Sponli , "Kundig , and Kienst , in order to . replace them by four decided Liberals , "MM . Doegeli , Sntzer , formerly Prefect , the ex-Councillor of State Pierz , and

      Wieland . The fifth of the outgoing members , M . Mousson , President of the Directory of the Diet , found favour by a very small majority , owing to the esteem which his personal character inspires . But his friend , head of the Conservative party of Zurich , the celehrated Dr . Bluntsli , enraged at the result of these nominations , having given in his resignation , it . Monsson followed his example , and was immediately replaced , in quality of burgomaster in charge , by D . Furrer , chief of the liberal party , who in this quality win preside from the present moment over the pier . M , Esslinger replaces M . Bluntsli . Thus all the men that thc Te-action of 1839 had placed aside return to power , which proves That the canton of Zurich , in the critical drcumstances in -whieh tbe country happens to be placed , wffl not separate from the policy of Berne , which had no adversaries more intractable than the Conservatives of-Zurich .

      Thus the Liberals of Zurich ( the friends of Strauss , the champions of philosophy , and the relentless enemies ofthe priests ) are once more in the ascendant ; and will , we trust , by the side of the Radicals of Berne , form the all-powerful defenders of the liberties and independence of Switzerland . _Rbpobt or ihe Federal Commissioners . — We have received the report addressed to the Vorort by the Federal Commissioners . It is addressed Aarau , April 5 th , and expresses great uneasiness , the comniissioners being forced to acknowledge that in general they have met with obstruction and opposition from the Government of Lucerne and its allies . The cominissioners declare their _ann-rehensions that Lucerne

      and ihe lesser cantons will refuse to place their troops under the Federal command . They leave it to the Diet to decide whether the Federal troops , lately called out , shall be disbanded or not . This will depend much on the manner in which the prisoners may be treated . The _wmmissioners say : — " In judging the prisoners by the usual tribunals , the Government of Lucerne is only exercising its legitimate right * but it ought not to be ignorant that the application ef excessive penalties to political crimes hashnt too often produced a contrary _i-esnltto that which was expected . This Government should convince itself that the death of several hundred victims may be looked upon as a sufficient expiation of their crimes . "

      The Prisoners at _Ltjcekse . — The Ami de la Constitution _, says , that there are in Lucerne 1602 prisoners in afi , and that the number of wounded volun teers there is 150 . The dead have been buriedthirty at Malters , forty at Littom , and nine at Lucerne . Several persons , it is said , perished in the Emme . Amongst the prisoners are 180 Bernese and 694 Argovians . No person whatever is admitted to see the prisoners . Z-citxcB i Aran , ? . —The successful party at Lucerne is hastening as much as possible the trial of the three principal personages ofthe insurrectional army . The first and civil chief of the expedition is Dr Steiger , a man universally esteemed throughout Switzerland , and who , after occunvinc the most

      distinguished posts , withdrew from public _afiairs and entered on his medical career , in which he has gained a great reputation . Several times elected as Deputy , he contributed greatly in procuring relief for his canton , before Lucerne passed into the hands of the Jesuits . He took no part in the movement of December 8 , but was nevertheless kept under arrest for two months , in orderto paralyse the influence he might have otherwise exercised . The heart-breaking spectacle of so many persons proscribed , or thrown into prisons , induced Mm to head the late expedition . Dr . Steiger might have escaped from the rout of his associates , but his resolution to watch over the wounded was the cause of his being taken prisoner . On his way to thetown , he was most cruellyinsidted . His wife , a

      person of great merit , is interceding in his favour ; but the most active interposition will not , in all probability , prevent sentence of death being passed upon him . Dr , Steiger ' s two colleagues * in the Committee , M . Bauman , and M . Buhler , both formerly Counsellors of State , have been killed . The most important prisoner , aft er Dr . Steiger , is M . Rothpletz , a Federal colonel and inspector of the troops of Argau . He is a man of talent , and of noble heart : but having consented fo play a subordinate part in the enterprise , will dearly" pay for the fault . Various influences are also being used in his favour . The third person , whose fate is being hurried on , is M . Guger ,

      director of the police of Soleure , formerly in the French service . The preliminary proceedings are being carried on against these three chiefs with a rapidity that indicates the feeling of profiting by the present excitement to obtain a capital condemnation . If this should take place , the indignation of all Switzerland will be roused , and perhaps another and more formidable expedition set on foot . If , then , the Government of Lucerne shows its clemency , it will be for her the wisest and best policy . " The Swiss Diet . —The following is a report of the sitting of the 10 th , when the report of the committee so anxiously looked for was presented : —

      _H . Jiern , deputy of Thurgau , read the report of the committee , which he had been appointed to draw up on the points which appeared to it most pressing . The points considered of secondary importance are to be reported upon , however , without delay . This report is of considerable length . The foUowing is a short analysis of its contents . The committee commenced by obtaining accurate notions of the state of facts . It first of all heard fhe federal commissioners . These expressed a fear that some capital executions might take place at lucerne in course of the weeh . The accounts ef the state of the prisoners were not very favourable . Huddling them together in a way to engender sickness was particularly complained of ; the wounded were better treated . After having heard the federal commissioner ' s , the committee sent for two of the deputies of

      _IiHcerne , MM . Siegwart and Attenhofer , who declared that it was impossible that executions or even judgments could take place during the week that the proceedings and their consequences would demand several weeks . The deputies of Lucerne took this occasion to express a desire tbat fhe Diet should not adopt any measures likely to attacktt . _jantonal sovereignty . Tins cumstance engaged the imnnttee to examine the question of the amnesty in all points of view , and it came to the decision that the most efficient means of arriving at favourable ground for this question was , to propose measures in Completion Of the decree of March 20 , respecting the free corps , and to order the political refugees to be removed from tbe lucerne frontier . The first decree which the committee proposed unanimously , is the foUowing , _coneernin-r the free coros : —

      " The Federal "Wet being desirous Of adopting measures which , in consequence ofthe events that have lately taken place in the canton of Lucerne , appear necessary for the purpose of maintaining and consolidating the peace of the country , considering the agitation which prevails amongst a great partof the population , after having examined the report of fhe federal commissioners and the propositions of the committee instituted April 5 , 1845 , decrees"Art . 1 . The federal commissioners wffl so act that there ie immediately adopted in the sense ofthe decree rendered by the Diet concerning the free corps ( of March 20 last ) such measures as shall seem necessary to protect thep ubncpeaceagainstaUnewperturbation . _Theyshall , in particular , _insiston the political refugees of lucerne notbeingpennittedto sojourn within a certain distance of the frontiers of the canton . Two federal commissioners shaU see that this order be put at once in execution .

      "Art . 2 . Tbe _Directory is charged -with the task of watching , and , if necessary , of giving assistance , to have the above-mentioned decree relative to the free corps punctually executed in all the cantons . It shall send in a report on the subject to the next ordinary Diet " The second decree proposed by the committee concerns the amnesty for those implicated both in the recent affair and that of Sec . 8 . The committee here split in two parts , though the difference of opinion is less in principle than inform .

      The proposition of the majority , MM . Furrer , Weber , Kern , and Blumer , runs thus : —" The Federal Diet , considering that , above all , it is its duty to prevent the agitation which reigns in a great part of the Swiss population from receiving any fresh aliment , considering besides that a rigorous application of penal enactments against the individuals implicated in the late events would be of a nature to compromise peace afresh in the confederation ; after having examined the reports ofthe federal commissioners , and the proposition of the committee of April 5 , decrees . _*•—

      "Art . 1 . The high state of Lucerne is invited in a pressing manner to accord an amnesty for all matters relating to the events of December 18 « , and of March and April 1 S 45 , and at all events not to carry into execution the capital sentences which have just been pronounced . "Art 2 . Two commissioners shall communicate this decree to the authorities ofthe canton « f Lucerne , and shall >» person strongly support it . - "

      France. ^. -'Ijpcnriohtei-Peiinoir.—Thed...

      The other proposition of 31 . Muller was this— " The Federal Diet , with a view to employing aU means authorised by the compact that are of a nature to contribute to the pacification of the country , and to prevent fresh perturbation , considering that sifter the numerous victims that have fallen in the last , enterprise against public order , the moderate use which lucerne shall make ofher right to punish , cannot but exercise a salutary influence * , after having heard the report , and the . proposition of the committee of the diet decrees . " Art . l _. The Diet addresses to the state of lucerne an amicable and confederate recommendation to use with moderation the right which it possesses to punish persons that have taken part in the attacks on public peace , committed in December , 1844 , and in March and April , 1845 ; to accord , without delay , as comprehensive an amnesty as possible , and , at all events , not to have the condemnations to death that have just been passed executed ; all with a view to a general pacification of the pnblic mind .

      " Art . 2 . The federal commissioners are charged to communicate this recommendation to . the Government of lucerne , and to support it in an amicable manner . " Two members of the committee , MM . Schmid and Calame , declared that personally they desired that no capital executions should take place , arid that mildness should be exhibited ; but the right to . punish being entirely within the privilege of the cantonal sovereignty , they were of opinion that the Diet could not interfere in any manner . The third proposition , made unanimously , had for its object the _aUoc- » tioii of a credit of 250 , 000 francs , to meet the expenses occasioned by the troops place dat the federal service ., .... ¦ . - '• _- . _- ¦¦ '

      The fourth proposition , also made unanimousl y , had for its object the confirmation , by the Diet , of tne nomination made by the directory of the federal commissioners , of the commander-in-chief , ofthe staff , and the disbanding of part of the troops that had been called out . According to this resolution , two federal commissioners are to proceed , without delay , to the cantonment of the federal troops , and are to make to the Diet , for the beginning of next week , a report touching the ulterior reduction ofthe troops . The fifth proposition made by four members , MM . Furrer , Weber , Xern , and Blumer , are composed of the following articles : — " Art . 1 , The high states of Argao , _Te-ssino , and the Valais , are earnestly invited to grant an amnesty for the political offences , which refer to the events that have passed in the cantons within the last few years . " Art . 2 . The Directory is charged with the execution ofthe present decree . "

      M . Kern ' s report was listened to with the utmost interest , " and after it came very long discussions ( from nine in the morning until five in the evening ) on the two propositions first presented b y the committee . That of thc free corps met with hut little opposition , even on the part of the states which rejected it three weeks back , but il called forth violent recriminations between the deputies of Lucerne and Argau , on the part taken by the volunteers in the last troubles . In this discussion , the exultation of the victors was manifested without concealment . The proposed decree did not please them , because , in their opinion , it did not go far enough , in not placing a direct responsibility of a character sufficiently strong on the cantonal governments which might tolerate the free corps . The deputies of the cantons favourable to the Jesuits ,

      therefore , all demanded modification of a more severe tendency . But they could get together only _^ seven or eight votes , and they were obliged to fall back on the plan proposed by the committee , and which was supported in its ensemble by the votes of all the cantons except Glaris and Vaud . All the states called hy the Liberals Ultramontane pronounced in favour of the Diet ' s abstaining from all proceedings relating to fhe amnesty , contesting its authority to meddle with that question ; adding that , even if it had a right to interfere , the moment was inopportanefor doing so . The mostpowerful considerations found , onthe contrary , eloquent interpreters in several deputies , and , amongst others , those of Glaris , Thurgau , Vaud , and

      Zurich . Some other deputies , who spoke in favour of the same considerations , desired to see some changes made in the wording . On the vote , eight states and two half ones pronounced in favour of not meddling with the matter . "Nine states and one half state voted against the proposition of the majority of the committee . Three other states kept the protocol open . Thus , there was no majority either one way or the other ; but it was supposed that in the next sitting these three states would vote for tho proposition of the majority of the committee , and close the affair in favour of an amnesty , The other proposi . Aons ofthe _sommittee were to be discussed on the llth . All the members of the diplomatic corps were present at the sitting .

      Simxe or Afmi ll . —The questions of the order of the day were the propositions No . 3 , 4 , and S of the committee . The President proposed to send back to the committee the project No . 4 , that it might examine the commander-in-chief of the troops at present in Zurich , on the question of ascertaining whether there was good reason for operating a reduction in the army . This proposition was combated hy Lucerne and her adherents , on the ground that the question , being political , did not come within the sphere of the conimander-in-cliief . The other states gave their assent to the opinion of the President , for various reasons ,

      and , amongst others , for this , —that the Confederation could not in a measure be placed at the mercy of Lucerne , which would be altogether incompatible with its dignity . This view of the question was voted for by thirteen states : Berne , Soleure , Schaf hausen , St . Gall , Tessino , Argau , Geneva , "Vaud , Thurgau , Grisons , Bale , Glaris , and Zurich . M . _Ncaff , the deputy of St . Gall , next made a new proposition relative to the amnesty to be demanded from Lucerne . It consisted in introducing into the project ofthe majority of the committee tbe reasons set forth in that ofthe minority , and in substituting the word " recommend" in Art . 1 , for the word " invite . "

      The discussion was not long , the greater number of deputies having expressed their intention of adhering to their former votes . The deputy of Lucerne made against this proposition the same reserve as against the original ones . He again declared that the veritable means of not obtaining what was desired was to come to a decision , since it looked on every measure of this nature as an attack on its sovereignty . The new plan thus presented did nevertheless obtain eleven votes , and afterwards twelve , by the accession of the deputy of Tessino , who had at first declared himself in favour of leaving the matter open . The states which have voted for the amnesty are the same as voted for the suppression of the convents of Argau .

      Proposition No . 3 , relative to the allocation of a credit of 250 , 000 f . Swiss ( about 400 , 000 f . French ) to meet the military expenses , was voted witliout much observation . The states of Lucerne , Uri , and others , reserved _^ to themselves the right of presenting at a later period their observations on the measures ofthe Vorort . The first article of the proposition No . 4 , concerning the confirmation ofthe federal commissioners , " of the commander-in-chief , and ofthe chief of the staff , was adopted by all the states except Lucerne . The proposition No . 5 , presented by four members Of the committee relative to the application for an amnesty to he addressed to the cantons of Argau , Tessino , and "Valais , gave occasion for some

      discussion ; Lucerne could not vote for this demand , not _wh-hingto do toothers what she was unwilling should be done to herself . Yaud proposed that TesBino should be excepted from this measure , the proscriptions which have taken place in that canton being but few in number , and not affecting the tranquillity of . Switzerland . -The deputy of the Valais , who is distinguished by the eccentricity of his speeches , pretended again that the refugees had come and organised themselves in the canton of Vaud , which drew forth a sharp reply from the deputy of that canton . On the vote , the proposition of No . 5 obtained only seven votes and a half ; Schaf hausen , St . Gall , Geneva , Thurgau , Grisons , Outer-Appenzell , Glaris , and Zurich .

      Finally , the question was discussed whether the number of the federal commissioners should be augmented . This proposition was postponed as useless at present . POLAND . The Smouldering Fire . —The ( Paris ) Presse of Monday speaks ofthe discovery ofsome revolutionary movement in Poland , uromptcd by some German families of note , and which , according to this journal , will require a large increase of military force in that country .

      UNITED STATES . Liverpool , Su . way . —The British and North American Royal mail steam-ship Cambria arrived in the Mersey at four o ' clock this morning , bringing advices thirteen days later than those received by the Montezuma , and her full complement of _passcSgcIa * _AusiEXATioN . —An attempt to bind President Polk to consummate annexation , through the treaty making power , had failed in ihe Senate on the 10 th ult . General Almonte , the Mexican Minister , had nuhlished a protest against the annexation scheme . It is now said that he intends toreiaain in Kew Tork until he receives fresh instructions from the new Mexican Administration , and he expresses openly his belief that war will ensue . It appears from the New _^ Orleans Picayune of the 12 th ult ., that the Mexican consul in that city , Senor _Anangoiz , has also closed his relations with the United States . Movements of the OpE _* _u _* rrvE Classes .- —The _NiTio-vihREFOBMi _» s . _** rThewn diitionoftheoperative

      France. ^. -'Ijpcnriohtei-Peiinoir.—Thed...

      classea .. of New York and _othei * large hives of human bees , appeal's to . 'be anything but what it ought to be in a country ; 'likV the States , so favoured by nature , and : _governed by republican institutions . In proof of this we may state , that early in March a meeting . of 700 _'feraales was holden in the City Hall , for the purpose of _^ organ isin g them selves into an ass o ci ation tor "the protection of their industry . A number of most distressing statements , descriptive of the unnatural condition of the female workers of New York , were laid before the meeting . A convention of the working men of New England was to assemble at

      Lowell on the 18 th of March . The national ' reformers are progressing ; their principles appear to be rapidly spreading m Pennsylvania , Massachusetts , Sic . In the former state , in the town of Birmingham , the national reformers had carried the entire ticket at the * recent Charter election . A convention of Trades' Delegates ( New York ) was to meet on the 17 th of March " to consider the National Reform remedy for the evils now existing in all branches of _industrj | " The association has also summoned a convention to meet on the 5 th of May . We give their address : —

      _j- Jational Reform Convention . —The "National Be- form Association invite their brethren , the "Refornievs and Movement men throughout the United States , ' of the east , of the middle , of the south , and of the west , to _assemble in National Convention , at Crotton Hall , in the city of New York , on Monday , the 5 th of May , 1815 , and consult over the evils of these present times . In the progress of the human race , certain , great truths have at last come to light , and received intelligible utterance in the 19 th centnry _^ Su the practical , successful application of which does now depend the political and social redemption of man . From the building of the temple of _Belus , 4000 years ago , to the recent building of the Mammon temple in "Wallstreet , all progress has heen made through slavery . The stupendous ; piles of architecture , the splendid works of

      ai't , ancient and modern , are but the transmuted sweat and blood of the children of men . The builders laboured not for themselves , but for the -master few . "We admire the pyramids ; but let us remember that vast province . *) were robhedof their able-bodied men , families , communities , almost kingdoms , starved to death , that a few pitiful creatures , caned in this world kings of Egypt , might therein be buried . One would suppose that the world had had time to Improve a little ' since then , 3000 years ago . Doubtless time has not been wanting ; hut the improvement , that has been and is wanting . Are the masons and others of the present day interred in the costly tombs that they themselves have fashioned Are the magnificent results in the sciences , the arts , the reduction of the elements to the control of man

      that are now daily wrought out in our civilisation , for the use and enjoyment of the millions who labour ? Who comes and goes , through the portals of the modern temples raised unto the worship of the money god : the carman who brought the stones ; the cutler who , ivith cunning skill , shaped them ; the mason who fixed them in their places , or the rag money individual who is innocent of having done one useful thing under the sun * * Certain visible badges of servitude have indeed become offensive , and are now in Christendom somewhat obsolete , such as the branded arm , the brazen collar , and such like ; but practically , as yet , smaU good has come of it . _Gurtli knew his one master , and therein is his advantage over the slave of wages in our day . The general rule was , it is reasonably supposed , that _Gurth

      did , at night , actually get some parings of Cedric ' s pork : in modern England , thegeneralruleis that the descendants of Gurth do get no pork parings at all . Up to this time there has been nothing more , any where , than a speculative emancipation ofthe masses . But it is declared in this country that man possesses certain natural rights which are inalienable . "With whatever of utmost might we have in us , let us hold on to this truth , lest in some oblivious movement our countrymen let it slip . It has taken the world some time to find it , at the bottom of mueh conventional rubbish ; it might , no doubt , lose it in half the time . Having this truth now duly admitted , let this generation set about to make a practical application

      of it , and probably the discovery wHl soon he made that if a man has a right to life , he has , by inevitable consequence , the right to the elements oflife , to the earth , the air , and the water . It will be discovered that if man has a natural and inalienable right in these , then that no man has any sort of right to monopolise them : that Government has no such right ; that the right of monopoly belongs to the Supreme Being alone , for it is He that has formed these things , and not we ourselves . Here true reform must begin . The broad principle once established , of the right of man to the material elements , and first to the earth , strive , then , to make it . avoidable to the race . How can this best he done ? On this question , " come and let us reason together . '

      AiVAN E . Bovat , SfcV of the N . K , A . The Anti-Rent "W ar . — The anti-renters appear by no means to be put down . They are about to establish . % large weekly paper at Albany , for the support of their interests , to he placed under the management of" Mr . Deyyr , editor of the Williams burg Democrat . We give the following paragraph from ihe New YorkNews ; — " In Taghkanic , Columbia county , a few days since , a crowd of about 150 persons , several of whom were armed , and disguised as Indians , collected about a house , where a sale upon an execution for rent had been advertised to take place , no doubt with the . purpose of preventing it . For some reason or other , itwas resolved not to make the proposed sale , and as the Sheriff did not appear on the premises , no violence of any sort was committed . This onl y shows thatthe bad spirit of lawlessness has . not , by any means , been suppressed yet in

      Columbia county , borne signal example ot the power of the law will be found necessary to cure the disease . " Commenting on the above the editor of the Working _Man' s Advocate says— " If the above had appeared in any _' _-English Tory journal it would not have been surprising ; but for a leading democratic paper to call ior bloodshed in defence of Feudalism , to urge the shooting and bayonetting of those who are contending for the rights asserted to be theirs by the declaration of independence , is certainly somewhat out of place . If the spirit shown in Columbia county is a' disease , ' then was that spirit a ' disease' that threw the teachests overboard at Boston , ahd that threw monarchy overboard at Bunker Hill , and the 'disease' is one and the same precisely . But it was not a ' disease , ' but pure patriotism that upset monarchy and that now wishes to destroy its progeny . "

      More Anti-Rent Difficulties . — The New York Herald of March llth , contains an account of the preliminaries to the trial at Hudson , of Dr . Boughton , alias " Big Thunder , " one of the chiefs of the ( AntiJtent ) "Indians . " We give the following extracts , remmding our _readei-s that the Herald is no friend to the Anti-Renters .--Hudson , March 16 . —Upon the whole , there is a strong feeling prevalent in relation to the anti-rent trials , and I expect the throng will be immense in this city in tire course of a few days . Popular op inion here , and in the whole of the northern portion of Columbia county , is hostile to the cause of the anti-renters , and it is looked upon as little better than revolutionary , as it certainly is _. 1 t . - _!~\ . 4 _. _~ A _nv > A _Aanrrcvfina In 4 \\ a / vfhav aaitfmvt t \ V

      the county , however , the spirit of resistance to authority , as it hasmamfestea itself already , is deeprooted and _unquestionably general , * and it is the opinion of persons who have given much attention to the matter , that , if it be not arrested by the timely hand of- legal justice , for which a good opportunity is now presented , it will become a far more potent element for evil in this state than has yet been dreamed of , even by those who are disposed to look with the eyes of alarmists upon the movement .. Judge Parker organised the court by charging the grand jury at three o ' clock . There was nothing veiy remarkable in the charge , but he made an allusion to the trial of the anti-renters , characterising it as ofthe utmost moment to the _COmniin-oity , and such as to exact all their efforts to investigate properly . He spoke of the universal persuasion that the wisest policy was

      that which legislated , litigated , and interfered with therights of the citizen least ; but he at the _aame time enforced the truth , that law had for its prime end the safety of ihe citizen in person and property , and when that was not secured , it was imperfect and void ; above all he exhorted them to discharge every personal _feeling from their minds , aHd consult above all , and before all , the peace and safety ofthe commonwealth . News came here this morning , from Delaware county , of a further outbreak of the Indians . On Friday last , a posse made an incursion into the infected district and made several arrests , one for tarring a man named Corbin , besides seven men in disguise—all of whom they lodged in Delhi gaol , upon which an attack is apprehended . The accounts represent the country as in an extremely unsettled condition .

      _As-k-Rest Dn-TicuMiES in _Dm-flUKE— Capture or Twelve "Indians . "—Demi , March * 15 th , ten o ' clock , f . m . —Dear Sir : —Yesterday morning being the , day after the return ef the _aheriffs posse from Kortri ght , another posse of about eighty mounted jnen , in two detachments , under the command of deputy shenff Oflman N . Steele and E . _g . Edgerton , itarteo from Delhi for _Ito-rimry , by different _routea _* , for the purpose of making arrests . ' As that town is the most turbulent partof the anti-rent district , where large aumbers of disguised men are frequently collected , and aa the roads are exceedingly bad , some anxiety has been felt to-day as to the success ofthe expedition . The party has just entered the village with twelve Indians , whom they have taken prisoners , disguised' and armed . After they had last evening

      France. ^. -'Ijpcnriohtei-Peiinoir.—Thed...

      arrested Preston on a bench warrant , the blowing of horns and other movements in the neighbourhood announced great preparations for an attempt to rescue theprisoner , who was strictly guarded during the night . In the morning , after some reconnoitering , aparty of about 130 Indians , well armed , were discovered , and immediately charged upon by officers Steele and Edgerton , and about forty ot the mounted men , and they fled to the woods . During the skirmish there was some firing by Indians , one of whose shots narrowly misssed E . S . Edgerton , who grappled an Indian , and disarmed liim of his pistols , which were found loaded with balls . Officer Steele

      also closed m with another , who was aimed to the teeth , and on stripping off his sheepskin mask , found he had captured a constable and collector of Roxbury . The eight Indians , with thc prisoner apprehended on the bench warrant in Roxbury , and four others taken at Bloomville on then return , are now lodged in gaol . The sheriff is now at the court house , detaching men to guard the gaol and the village during the night . At the same time horns are blowing and guns are firing on the mountains opposite the village , informing us of what we may expect if the insurgents can muster in Sufficient number to put their threats in execution . —Albany Argus , March If .

      BRITISH AMERICA . New Brunswick . —The town of Portland ( suburb of St . John ' s , New Brunswick ) had been the scene of a fierce riot . Four men were shot , ' one of whom is beyond recovery . The Itoyal Artillery , with fieldpieces , were called out , but before their arrival the ground was in possession of two companies of provincial troops , which restored order . The cause ol this riot is not explained in the provincal papers . Religious prejudices are hinted at as the primary cause _.

      TEXAS . Opposition to Annexation . —Later intelligence had reached from Galveston , Texas , and there seems to be every certainty ofthe Texan annexation being rejected by that country . It is certain that the Texan Government is strongly against the proposed annexation . The National Register , the Government organ , thus speaks out on the question — " We have always been a warm and hearty advocate for the cause of annexation , but never did we dream that the approval ofthe people of Texas would be required to a proposition so absurd , so degrading as the one propounded . Our space does not now admit of further detail . Suffice it , that we contrast our present elevated position as a people , secure in the enjoyment of peace , and in the speedy acquisition of acknowledged independence ; secure in the wealth which the commerce of Europe is about to pour in onr lap , and in the increasing _yalue of our lands , arisins

      from extended occupation , and the investment of foreign capital : secure of becoming 'the most favoured' by those powerful and wealthy sovereignties , whom both interest and policy impel to cherish our prosperity and growth , that their markets may be supplied with our staples ; and , secure that the increase of commerce will speedily render no less consistent than desirable a great diminution of the present tariff , with the alternative presented by this resolution , of Texas divested of all these high privileges and advantages : shorn of her attributes as a nation , crippled in her commerce , in her prosperity , in her domestic resources * , depressed by the burdens of public debt and direct taxation ; her land in consequence depreciated in value * and in the event of final annexation upon the proposed basis , our public domain not only , razed and mortgaged to secure the payment of our debt , but even eviscerated of its mineral wealth , to swell the federal treasury , "

      Ant) Mtowat Toato^ Jontoat

      ANT ) _mTOWAT _TOAto _^ _JOnTOAT

      Vol. Viii. No. 388. London, Saturdav 5~ ...

      VOL . VIII . NO . 388 . LONDON , SATURDAv _5 ~ _MBII _, 19 , 1845 . „„ swiS _^ _SS _2 _4 U m _^^^^^^^ m _^^ _^^^^—JL _^ - _^—L _^ _Z _^ - .. ' ¦ ¦ _** " - ** - ' ¦ ¦ ___ ' ' ' " " - _* "' ¦¦ -- — ¦ — ¦ " - ¦¦¦ — .. ——

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      National Conference Of Tue Tailors In Co...

      national conference of tue tailors in connection WITH THE PROTECTION SOCIETY OP GREAT BRITAIN . A Conference of delegates , in connection with the above Society , opened its sittings on Monday morning last , April 14 th , 1845 , in the large room of the Eagle Inn , Hardman-street , Manchester . Shortly after ten o ' clock , Mr . Eames , president of the Executive Committee , was unanimously called to the chair , who opened the meeting in a neat and appropriate speech , in which he congratulated them upon having present not only delegates from the extreme points of England , but also persons representing the interests of their brethren in Scotland and Ireland .

      This was veiy cheering , and he trusted that the fruits of their deliberations would be the extension of the Society into the most remote parts of the united kingdom . The chairman then entered into an explanation of the business transacted by the Executive , and defended the line of policy they had pursued as being the best that could be adopted for the benefit of . the Society . Delegates from the following places delivered in their credentials : —London , Stratford ,. Maldon , and St . Alban ' s , Mr . Hanningtonj Croydon , Surrey , Mr . Eames ; Bradford , Yorkshire ( two Societies ) . Mr . J . 0 . Hustler , * Jersey and Southampton , Mr . Maunder ; Leeds , Mr . Crawley ; Bir * mingham ( two Societies ) , Mr , Russell * , Maidstone and Gravesend , Kent , Mr . Sullivan ; Oldham ,

      Lancashire , Mr . Dunn ; Middleton _, Mr . Steeple ; Bury , Lancashire ( two Societies ) , Mr , Bradley ; Preston and Lancaster , Mr . Kirby * , Todmorden , Lancaslrire , Mr . Land ; Ashton-under-Lyne , Mr . M'Grath ; Bolton , Mr . Lafant ; Leicester , Mr . AntclifFe ; Norwich and Yarmouth , Mr . Shaw ; Hyde , Mr . Leach ; Warrington , Mr . Dramgoole Huddersfield , Mr . Newsham ; Bolton , Mi * . Clark ; Leamington , Mr . Cannon ; Hull , Mr . Allen ; Macclesfield , Mr . Parker . Many other delegates arrived during the day , hut we could not get their names , nor the places they represented . Dublin , and other places , were represented by Mr . B . Fallow , Mr . _Kelley , and Mr . Leonard . The Executive Committee , Messrs . Eames , Hannington , Cotter , Mackay , and J . W . Parker

      general secretary , were in attendance . Mr . Maunder moved , and Mr . Leach seconded , the following motion . *— " That a committee of three be appointed to receive and examine credentials , and to report thereon to the Conference . " _Caii-ied unanimously . The following motions were also agreed to : — "That the Conference meet each day at nine o ' clock in the morning , and adjourn for dinner at one ; re-assemble at two o ' clock , and dissolve each evening at six . " Mr . Shaw moved , and Mr . Connor seconded" That no person speak more than once upon any motion , except the mover in reply ; and that each speaker be limited to ten minutes . "

      Moved by Mr . Lftach , seconded by Mr . Dramgoole — "That the different sections surrounding Manchester , who are desirous of holding meetings , report the same to the Conference , and that some of the members of the Executive Council be requested to attend such meeting . " Executive Levies were then paid in , up to the 14 th of April , from Maidstone , Norwich , Oldham , Jersey , Macclesfield , and Manchester . Messrs . Russell , Dramgoole , Maunder , Crawley , Laffon , M'Grath , Clark , Cotter ,. and J . W . Parker , were appointed to attend a meeting to be held on Monday evening , at the Wilton Arms , Mays-street , Manchester . It being six o ' clock the Conference adjourned .

      SECOND DA-y ' _S SITTING , The Conference assembled on Tuesday morning at nine o ' clock , when the roll was called . The secretary read the minntes of the former sitting , which , on the motion ef Messrs . Cotter and Land were confirmed . Mr . Antcliffemoved , and Mr . Landseconded , " That each delegate be fined one shilling if not present when the roll be called at each sitting , unless a sufficient apology be made . " Mr . Kelly , from Rochdale , was then heard by the Conference . .

      After which it was agreed , " That each delegate Write to his section , strongly recommending the strike at Rochdale to their consideration . " The credential committee then gave in their report , when it appeared that new delegates had _arnved-yiji _,, Manchester , Mr . James ; Yeovil , Somersetshire , Mr . Milburn ; Wigan , Mr . Banney . _w _u-A ntcHffemove < - _* ' and Mr . Sullivan seconded , That the report be received . " N On the motion " that the report of the committee _rfu _'i ' . " * ¦ 'en 8 * hy discussion ensued , owing to Bolton having sent two delegates , and not being entitled to that number . It was agreed that the two delegates retire and arrange the matter between themselves , Mr . Dramgoole moved , and Mr . Mackay seconded , " That a financial committee of three persons be

      appointed ; " agreed to , The following gentlemen were then elected ; Messrs , Crawley , Maunder , and Dram goole . Mr . Leach moved " That Messrs . Maunder and Eames attend a public meeting at Hyde , on Wednesday evening . " Mr . Cotter seconded the resolution , which was carried unanimously . Mr . AntclifFe moved " That each delegate present give in a report ofthe position of their respective sections . " Mr . Leach seconded the motion . Mr . Dramgoole moved , and Mr . Bradley seconded , the following amendment : — " That we do now enter into the consideration of the first proposition in the programme . " After a somewhat lengthy debate , the amendment was carried by a majority of nine . The first proposition was moved by Mr . Dramgoole , to the following effect : — " That no member be allowed relief on his card who has not been a member

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      - ¦ - _^ _ffl - at least two months . " A warm _discviBsio-i cns \ fe « % and the Conference adjonmed fordmner , TUESDAY AFTEBNOON SIIUNO . . , " . The Chairman took bis seat at two o ' clock The secretary then called over the roll _^ _afto wlnch _^ the adjourned debate upon the first proposition waste Mr . Dunn moved as an amendment , and Mr . Land seconded- " That the time should be three niontiis , instead of two as provided in the programme . ij « w an animated discussion Mr , Dunns . nwtwu . . oc "iree . months was carried by alarge majority . The next proposition onthe programnicwas— _ina-6 all persons wishing . to become members shall pay nereioiore

      2 s . 6 d . entrance , instead of one shiinng , as . Mr . Crawley moved the foUowing amendment , which was seconded by Mr . J . P . Hustler : — That as all sections ought to . pay alike to _^ the _rrotcction fund , a fixed sum of protection ehtrahce _^ an _^ . W _^ y protection contributions , it being money _eapecKatt * funded for the protection of our trade , and not tobe expended in any way without the consent of the union generally : the entrance shall therefore be for the future one shilling to the Protection fund . And that towns be allowed to charge whatlocal entrance they think proper in addition . " The amci ; dmehi was agreed to nem . con , : : : Mi * . Dramgoole moved , and Mr . Bradley _-ivonded , the adoption of the third proposition on the

      programme . Mr . Banney moved , " That any . member having been erased from the books must pay one shilling entrance and three months arrears before he can reenter . " Mr . Russell seconded the motion . Mr Laffan and Mr . Jones moved and seconded the following amendment : — " That any peraonerased from the books shall pay all arrears and one shilling before he re-enter . " Mr . Dramgoole , moved the following rider : — That they shall pay the local entrance , and three months ' arrears . " ' ' - , . Mr . Parker moved , and Mr . Cotter seconded , "That each section send a report quarterly of the number of members , tothe Executive , —namely , on the 25 th of June , 25 th September , & c . " Agreed to . Messrs . Leach , Jones , Hannington , Antclifie , Hustler , and Crawley were then appointed a committee to draw up a plan of organisation . The next question

      brought before the Conlerenee was the amount M contributions to be paid into the Protection fund . Mr . Shaw moved , and Mr . Cotter seconded , " That the contribution be one penny per week , instead of three-halfpence , into the Protection fund . " Mr . Maunder moved the following amendment : — " That the members each contribute one penny per week , out of which onepenny per month bepaid to the Executive Council . " The amendment , upon being put to the vote , was earned by a large majority . The next proposition was , " That the delegates adopt some plan for the appropriation ofthe Protection fund : such plan to be submitted to the different sections for discussion during the present year . " The time of the Conference adjourning having arrived , and the question being an important one , it was agreed that it should stand over for the present . The Conference then adjourned .

      WEDNESDAY ' S SITTING . . The Chairman took liis seat at nine o ' clock , when the roll was called , after which the Secretary read the minutes of the preceding day ' s sitting , which were confirmed , . ¦ •• _- ¦' Mr . Dramgoole moved , and Mr . Maunder seconded , "That Mr . Clark be considered the legal delegate for Bolton ; and Mr . Laffand for the 15 tn . Section , and Southampton Protection Society . " Mr . Parker moved the following amendment : — " That both delegates be received , and all matters in dispute be referred to the Finance Cummittee . " Mr . James seconded the amendment , which was agreed to . Mr . Antcliffemoved , which was seconded by Mr . Crawley , " That the Executive sit in London for the present year , instead of Manchester . " Carried

      nem con . The 10 th proposition was struck off , as was also the llth ; the 12 th was to stand over for the present ; the 13 th was struck off , and also the 14 th and 15 th . Mr . Maunder proposed , and Mi * . Parker seconded the 16 th proposition— " That a weekly unstamped paper he published at a small charge , as the organ of the trade . " Agreed to . The 17 th , 18 th , and 19 th propositions were referred to thc organisation committee . The 20 th was struck off the list . Proposed by Mr . Crawley , and seconded by Air . AntclifFe , " That each section throughout the Union draw up their petition from the printed form , to be forwarded to the members of eaeh Parliamentary

      district for presentation to Parliament . And further , thatthe Executive inform the different sections of the time it would be most advisable that the petitions should be forwarded to the different memberSi and that evidence be collected in the ' mean time by committees in the various localities . " On the 23 rd and 24 th propositions , Mr . Parker moved and Mr . AntclifFe 'seconded— " That a committee of seven persons be _( appointed to draw up a plan of relief for the society , and devise such means as may be deemed necessary to effect an union , with _, the Southampton Protection Society , and all Fro * vincial Societies throughout the kingdom . " Agreed to unanimously . The following gentlemen were elected on the _coio >

      mittee : —Messrs . Shaw , Antohfle , Eames , Lanan , Hustler , Russell , and Allen . Mr . Laffan was then appointed to sit on the Organisation Committee instead of Mr . Hustler . The next question brought before the Conference was—" That the trade of Jersey be taken into special consideration , together with the causes whieh led to the late lamentable strike . " : Mr . Maunder , the delegate from the Island of Jersey , said , it was not the desire of the men of Jersey that the Conference should give them any pecuniary assistance at present , but thatthe Conference should express its opinion , and that the grievances ofthe Jersey Tailors should be reported in the English t > ress . Thev had one _unnrincipled master amongst

      them who had effected the ruin of the trade . This man's power , on account of his wealth and influence , had been the means of breaking np two sociotiesin the town . The old society was established in 1838 , and one of the rules was , that when the funds were reduced to twenty-five pounds no relief : could he granted , as they were obhged by rule to always have this amount in thc bank . On the 14 th . of February , 18-13 , another society was established , as the old one did not work well , the principles ot which were of a more general character . The master's name , to whom he had alluded , was Bissan , and this man ' s conduet was the cause of the strike . Owing to the price of provision a few years ago , the men presented the masters with an advanced list of

      prices , which they all agreed to . The . list was presented to Mr . Bissan , who agreed to it iri a moment . The advance the men thus obtained would enable them to get something like 20 s . per week _, but in fourteen days after this , Mr . Bissan broke faith with the men , and out of the 20 s . he took , in some instances , according to the jobs , from eight to ten shillings . The honourable masters paying the advanced list without a grumble . A deputation waited upon Mr . Bissan to remonstrate with him upon the injury he was not only doing the men , but the othev masters in the trade , fie spumed the deputation , and said he was the only judge of what journeymen Tailore ought to receive for the work they did for him , and he would Mow his own plans in spite of either the other masters or the men . And such were

      the robberies he committed , that in three months he took from the men in his employment £ 19 19 s . 2 d . In thiB manner he continued to act , week after week , until the workmen were brought to that state that they never knew what ihej ; had to receive until they got it into their hands . Bissau cut out by pattern , not being able to cut by system , and when the garment was made , and it did not fit , the poor workmen had to _snffer for it by having their wages cut down . Discontent spread rapidly , and he ( Mr . Maunder ) got the committee of the old and new Societies together , the foreman of which had about £ 40 in hand , and it was agreed at a public meeting that the next time Bissan cut down the wages of the men that they should strike . The week following he took from them £ 1 -18 s . * 5 d ., and the men _refused to take their money . He said if they would not " take

      _thatthey should have none . They knowing the YilTah y of the man , took it , and came away . The men then struck , and were out for two months , during which time several deputations "Were sent to him , all of which he treated with contempt . He set off for London , and from two houses of call , got six men . They were to be supphed _** with two coats a week each , at 12 s ., plain , and to he paid for all extras . But three of them , totheir honour be it said , did not start , whilst the other three did . Tie press of the Island was teeming with the " Revolution of the Tailors , " and the " danger of unlawful combinations of workmen , " for the purpose of protecting their labour . However , they got a letter written by Mr . Hughes , a respectable master , and inserted in the Impartial , a French newspaper . The following is a copy ; --To the Editor of the Impartial .

      Sir , — Owing to the various reports which are circulated concerning Mr . Bissan ' s strike , we feel it our duty for the public interest , as well as ourselves , to make known the full particulars . You must be aware that , four years ago , there was a general strike throughout the trade , on account of provisions being so dear . The masters of this town , seeing that the men ' s demands were very reasonable , conceded thom . Two weeks after this Mr . Bissan , as on all other occasions , departed from his promise , and we now feel it a duty incumbent upon us to resist the violation of his own agreement . When we have stated the

      _Darticulars of our grievances , which haye caused the , strike , we feel assured that no man can reasonably say that our resistance embraced any intention of disturbing the public peace ; but we feel assured , oh the contrary , that they will applaud our We leave it to a generous pubhc to judge tion , when we state , and can prove ( if produced ) , that we underrate the truth say , that , m the course of four years eighteen to twenty men , he haa paid * 197 less than they were entitled to by ( Continued m our fifth page .

      Resolution. Of Our Pp»«^--The ^Wk5sd>-I ...

      resolution . of our pp _»«^ --the _^ wk _5 _Sd > _-i , wheji ' ' _wfr !> ' > , _wit _^ ' _-Jroni - his _-wbrkinen _^! th _^ e _^ _-J _^ I : fl - _* ; _:-- " _' ] . '¦[ , ' resolution _., of our _Ofssff _^ rr _he _^ li _& _fi & li h , wiien _^ _-wfry' _* ! '' , _witlil'jaroni . ¦< " ¦ " iis-wjDij 1 * _jinOTSp ! tl _^^ reg _^^ _iM r *« - r' - * i' ' _'»' . "

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 19, 1845, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_19041845/page/1/