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Northern Star (1837-1852), 19th January 1850, Edition 3 of 3, Page 5

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      : Chartist Meeting In Compelled To Resor...

      _terjABf \ % Jm ? . _r XHE _^ ORTHE _, R _^ STAR . * i _ _^^^^ _***** _- _* » , _'''* l _»»* _' _*'''' _- _** _- _**** _---------------------M _^ ¦ •¦ ¦ ¦ _^ i ¦ : _? . _<¦ _? _V _^^ _VI _^ _|^^^ _f- < _yj , . : -t -W 9 ? i \ . __^ 0

      : ^ T . Chartist Meeting In W^Vee * City...

      : _^ . CHARTIST MEETING IN _W _^ _VEE _* CITY _praiONpON .

      The first great public meeting ; in . _furaeianee-of _* _i , new ph _" Chartist Oi * ganisatibn , took , place ? the London Tavern , ; _Bishoregate-street , on _Moh-5 _^ CTCnin " . January Uth . _Thedeora wereopehed + Lren o ' clock , and immediately the body of the til _thesaHerv _. and every nook and cornerbecame _^ _Jely crowded . A number ofthe fair sex were _rfsent , _and seemed to take a deep intecest in the _^ _Joceedings- On the entrance of Mr . O'Connor _J _!^^ _ftovisional Committee they . were greeted Sth prolonged cheering . Mr . W _^ J . Vernon ( the _Tktim , ' late of _Tottulfields ) , ou being recognised , IU likewise greeted with enthusiastic cheering . t _* EABGCS _O'Coskor , Esq ., M . P ., was , on the motion of Messrs . G . ! W . Rktsolds and Faibchied , _^ _animously called to the chair .-

      _itfr . CtiRK i who acted as secretary , commenced _iie business of the evening , by reading the _ _folldw jug address : — * \ v ' : "

      THE PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE TOTHE CHABTISTS OP GREAT BRITAIN . j _" aiESD 3 axd Brethren , We avail _purjfelyes ofthe opportunity afforded by the first grand Metropolitan Meeting held under our administration , to afford you some idea of that policy which we intend to adoptforthe purpose of imparting vigour

      to the cause of-resuscitating Chartism ; and -fa y this -spontaneous readiness on our part , to g ive an account of © nr stewardshi p at so earl y a day after our election to , office , as well as by the plans we are about to make known to you , uc Mievcthat we are affording - 'the country the "best possible proof that no time has been wasted in entering seriously , actively , and energetically npon the important duties entrusted to ns .

      In the _firstplaco , we havo directed our attention to the propriety of holding several graad Metropolitan Meetings , in the largest places that can be obtained for such assemblages ; and also in localities the inhabitants of which have not hitherto been much accustomed to hear anything of Chartism save through the _studic _^/ intentiohal , and unwearied misrepresentations of the principal newspapers of the day . Whether we have commenced our series of great meetings in a fitting place , and a proper neig hbourhood , we must , leave those -who are acquainted -with the Iiondon Tavern , and who are aware that it is in the very heart of the city of London , to decide .

      In the second place , we are about to promulgate to the conntry , at an early day , a system for local organisation | and this will he the very first measure to which we propose to address our attention in the course of the ensing fortnight . Thirdly , we have it in contemplation to hire npon lease some large , commodious , and wellsituated p lace of meeting , where weekly assemhlages may he held , and where lectures maybe delivered : —aid should it prove difficult to obtain sueh a place as may be in all respects suitable for the purposes named , we _proposrjto negotiate with a builder for the erection of a Chartist Hall , in a spot conveniently central .

      Fourthly , we have already deliberated , and shall shortly renew , the discussion upon the propriety of calling a Conference to assemble m London , in the middle of the month of March , for the purpose of g iving additional vigour to the Ohartisfc movement , and affording the People ' s real representatives , thus chosen , an opportunity of proclaiming the requirements and interests , the demands and the rights , of the industrions classes , at the same time thai the representatives of aristocracy , capital , and landed interest , are assembled at St . Stephen ' s .

      "Fifthl y , we purpose to make arrangements for the publication and gratuitous distribution of Tracts , written in a plain and calml y argumentative style , so that the wrongs and suflerings ofthe masses may be expressed at the same time that the remedies may be suggested ; aud that the people generally may be well prepared to make a worthy use of those rights and privileges of which it is hoped they will soon become thepossessors .

      Sixthly , we have resolved to place ourselves fai communication with the democrats of Ireland , and to solicit their co-operation in the great moral struggle which the unrepresented and enslaved masses in England , Scotland , and Wales , have undertaken against aristocratic tyranny , class-legislation , and oligarchial oppression . Seventhly , we shall appeal to the democrats in the colonies to unite their voices with those of their suffering brothers and sisters in the mother country ; and we shall assure the dwellers in those misgoverned portions of the empire , that they have our wannest sympathies , and must g ive us theirs in return .

      Eighthly , -we hava resolved to call upon the great cities and towns of England and Scotland to adopt immediate measures for the furtherance of the good cause by a vigorous and energetic , though peaceful , legal , and moral agitation for the People s Charter . "We invite our friends and brethren in those cities and towns to devolope as speedily , and as fervidly as possible , all the resources of which local effort is capable , and which neither menace public tranquillity nor violate the law . We recommend large meetings to be called ; and , nnder suitable arrangements , we propose that deputations from your _Provisioiial Committee , should _-viat those -places where their services would be useful .

      This is the outline of the policy unanimousl y adopted b y your Provisional Committee . If the Chartists of the metropolis , and the provinces , will support ns , we have no doubt of onr abilit y to carry into execution all the p lans just shadowed forth . The result will be to g ive Chartism such an imposing attitude as it never has assumed before ; and , with the middle classes agitating for reform on the one hand , and the industrious classes sustaining their own grand , enlightened , and majestic movement on the other , no considerable length of time can elapse ere monopolisers of power and oppressors of all kinds shall be forced to abandon their strongholds , and y ield to the voice of justice and the pressure of truth .

      The applause which followed the reading of the above document having subsided , The _Chatbmax , who on rising was greeted withloiid cheers , said that the exhibition ol that ni ght proved the fact which he had told plain John Campbell , that if Chartism was struck down , it would remain thoughtful in its slumbers until the day of resurrection . ( Cheers . ) On the 10 th of April the enemies ofthe people , and those who lived upon their industry , rejoiced in the prostration of Chartism , but the old maxim , was true that "after a storm came a calm ; " and it was equally true

      that after a calm came a storm . And from that nig ht ' s proceedings he trusted thatthe Parliamentary Reform Association wonld understand that the Chartist party Avas not to be used as a mere auxiliary force to secure tiie ascendancy of any other class . In order to prove that theleadera of that party were sincere he would inform them that Sir Joshua Walmsley , in Ms recent visit to his constituents , and at a meeting—not ofthe rabble and the mob , but ofthe electors—declared himself in favour of the Charter . ( Loud cheers . ) They should nnderstand that mind in its

      progress had to go through varied and numerous changes . Any measure that was propounded for the benefit of the industrious , and that was repugnant to that of the powerful who lived upon their serfdom , was first laughed at , then mocked and reviled , then persecuted , then dogmaticall y argued , and _ultimately , adopted , ( Cheers . ) Therefore , what he wanted was , notto enfranchise land , bnt to emancipate and _-enfranchise the mind , and then the land wonld w speedily converted to national and not to _'fwpnrposes . ( Cheers . ) No man _sympa-Wdmore thanhe did with the Italian , the _K _* 3 * aan , the Vole , and all foreigners who were

      : ^ T . Chartist Meeting In W^Vee * City...

      compelled to resort to p h ysical force to destroy i tiie P _^ er _^ orthe _^ opp _^ spifs , ¦ bnt _. they _, * the ' Eng ! M _* people , would _^^ gainjwisdom from those P « fc _* _-WoItti"tenA _^^^^ that the parties _; b y vrhos _^ p _^ rerr _^^ achieved , i were Ihe _frrsfr to " - !• suffer _^ Y ( _Heafy hear . ) And , therefore , what he required of the English people was , _ttibase the English representative system upon * 8 uchta foimdation as would _ enable EnglanC _to'I be _'"' thfiLacL _? vocate of the people of other , countries _^ who sought to emancipate themselves "from serfdom . ( Cheers . ) They ¦ Had -quite enough to do at home ;_ and , as the immortal

      bard had told "them , "If _^^ England ] , can--not keeg the dog from her own door , let her be worried . '' All parties were sympathising with their sufferings , whereas their every grievance was the result of their own disunion . ( Hear , hear . ) Many sympathised with the slaves of tho United States and other countries , hut while they were called freemen , they were the greater serfs . The slave-owner had an interest inthe health , ' the sfreng th / and the fife of . his ' serf , while your owners could supply the place of the dead , or the sickly , from the

      workhouse or . the surplus reserve . ( Loud cheers . ) It was a maxim of political economy that when one of labour ' s channels was closed , another was opened . The railway juggling was referred to , and when that was choked , another was to open as if b y mag ic . But he told theni the land was the only channel . ( Loud , cheers . ) And what he -wished to see was , that channel , so widely opened , that-all "Nature ' s children might suck at'Nature ' s pap . ( Cheers . ) He wished to see the employer go tothe free homestead of the labourer in his

      proper character ,, instead of , as , now going to the market cross , the house of call , the workhouse , or the g in-palace . That would be the proper labour mart , and the one by which . the labourer could measure the value of his industry . ( Cheers . ) They may " rest assured that the millJord , and the fund-lord— -if in power—would be greater tyra _*"" ts than the landlords —( load cheers)—but so great was the power of those two lords , that the government was afraid to touch it . ; ( Cheers . ) The fund-lord , whose , father paid _; £ , 60 into the funds , was now receiving £ 100 for that £ 60 , and upon which they were obliged to pay the

      interest . ( Hear , hear , and "Shame . " ) If it was a shame , the shame was upon them , for as self-interest was the basis of human action , they—if in the same position—would be guilty ofthe same shame , and the shame was wholl y based npon their disunion . ( Cheers . ) Then the mill-lords , who repudiated taxation , never said a word about the poor-rates , because it enabled them to keep up an idle surplus reserve , by which they were enabled to keep down wages . ( Cheers . ) This machinery , of which they had the entire control , and which came npon them -with a hop , step , and a jump , enabled them to control the labour market .

      And onl y see the use and the profit that they could make of it . The Dicksons of Carlisle were said to employ from six thousand to seven thousand hands ; the Eieldens of Todmorden , somewhere about 5 , 000 , and others 4 , 000 , 3 , 000 , 2 , 000 , and so downwards ; but he would take the position of one employing 2 , 000 , and if that man reduced the wages of his hands by 2 s . a week , and many did so to a much larger extent—he would _mafceiSOOaweefc , or £ 10 , 400 annual profit npon this reduction alone . ( Hear . ) Then if there were any shopkeepers amongst them , let them bear in mind , that they would be greater gainers if that £ 10 , 400 came into their tills , than , as now , when it

      was used in railway and other speculations . ( Cheers . ) It was this system that was rousing the money lord against thc landlord , in the hope of being able to wrench political power from their hands ; while his object was to wrench it from the grasp of both , and make mind , and not money the basis of representation . ( Cheers . ) "What could be more ridiculous than to see a doating old man and a dissipated yonng spark sitting cheek h y jowl in the House of Commons , professing to represent labour , while they both lived in idleness and luxury upon thc labourer ; while the labourer lingered on in penury and wretchedness . ( Shame ! Shame !) Ayebnt the shame was with themselves . Tho

      , system upon which the atrocity was based was founded upon their disunion , as the man who received 30 s . a week scoffed at him who received 10 s . ; while both derided the unwillin g pauper who was committed tb the workhouse , while , if united , each might receive £ S a week . ( Loud cheers . ) He had often told them that if all the dukes , lords , baronets , feudal-lords , and money-lords were congregated together , the top of a small hill would be sufficient to hold them ; while those upon whose serfdom they lived , wonld crowd the valley below . ( Cheers . ) It had been stated by some of the press that he ( Mr . O'Connor ) was the self-elected leader of Chartismbut he would exhibit to them a

      parch-, ment document , which was his commission , sighed in 1835 , by Dr . Wade and eight others , who then _constituted the committee ofthe "Radical Association of that day ; and by that commission he was appointed their leader , and had established associations upon the same principles throughout the land . ( Cheers . ) As to be forewarned was to be forearmed , they should understand that the show-box would shortly open , and that never was there witnessed sueh strife and antagonism between parties as would be exhibited in the coming session . Lord John Russell , aware of the power of the . Protectionists , would propose some new measure of reform to tickle the people ' s mind ; he would do so to raise a " CRY "

      for the next general election , in the hope of beat ing down the Protectionists . It may be carried in the Commons , but it would be thrown out in the Lords , and then they would see such a breeze as this countrynever witnessed . ( Loud cheers . ) Ay , but they must tafce care and be upon the watchtower , lest that breeze may lull tbeir voice and their power . ( Hear , hear . ) Tliey were juggled by Emancip ation—by Eeform—and-Free Trade : aud he told them now / that they would be jugg led by any system that was not based npon the mind and free will of the people . ( Cheers . ) We were ludicrously told that England was over-populated , with a population of 300 to a square mile , while in Jersey and

      Guernsey , with a population of nearly 1 , 200 to a square mile—or four times as large—men could give £ G an acre rent for land—purchase it for £ 250 au acre—and export the produce to this and other countries . ( Cheers . ) Yes , and if the land , of England was broug ht into the retail market , England would be an exporting instead of an importing country , and there would not be a pauper in the land . ( Loud Cheers . ) Thc question of the Land and the Charter had been his nig ht dream and his day thought . He had been associated with the people , and had advocated their cause for twenty-eight years , and he felt convinced that if he abandoned one particle

      of their principles to-d « iy , one night ' s reflection would bow him down with sorrow , to-morrow . ( Lond cheers . ) He went to Aylesbury on Wednesday last expecting to meet Baron Munchausen , — ( laughter)—he did not come , but hemetMr . Cobden there , and can they imagine his ( Mr . O'Connor ' s ) delight , when , at that meeting , when Mr . Cobden was present , they adopted a resolution unanimously declaring that fair and jast representation could only be based upon the will of the whole people . ( Loud and continued cheering . " * Ifow , what would the working classes think of him ( Mr . O'Connor ) , if vanity or ambition upon his part could induce him to oppose any movement calculated to

      ameliorate the condition of the people . ( Cheers . ) The magnates and money-lords would do without them if they could , a fact which ; is proved by the absence ofthe gentlemen who swarmed upon this platform on Monday last , but where were they now when the people met for the same object ? "Sot to be found . ( "Loud cheers . ) Mr . Cobden had stated at Leeds , tbat if there was any attempt to restore protection there would be a revolution in tbis country . He ( Mr . O'Connor ) had told them the same thing some months ago , but he hoped and trusted that , however great and' powerful the control of the mill-lords was , that the oft-deluded people would not again allow themselves to be provoked or driven

      to a revolution , which would end in their prostration and the protraction , if not the destruction , of their principles . ( Loud cheers . ) In 1831 he ( Mr . O ' Connor ) had opposed Free Trade in the House of Commons , unless it was accompanied with leases for- ever at a corn rent . ( Cheers . ) And _^ then , when the occupant knew that he conld not be ousted from his holding , and that Ids rent should be measured according to the price of his produce , you would hear no more of slavery , discontent , and revolution . ( Cheers . ) _^ Let him now foreshadow the present representative system ; Middlesex bad

      a population . of one million and a half , and returned two members to Parliament ; while other snug places with less than a million two hundred thousand ofa population , returned 246 members . ( Oh , and laug hter . ) Ay , shame , shame , but the shame was with themselves for not knowing it , or if knowing it , for not correcting it . ( Hear , hear . ) He never had , nor never would , join ma " cry for a reduction of taxation , because he was well aware that if twenty millions was taken off taxes to-day , they , if unrepresented , ; would not _^ be . a _fartting better for : it to-morrow . As regarded -Ireland < he wppjd point to the altered mind of that country as

      : ^ T . Chartist Meeting In W^Vee * City...

      conclusive proof of the fi _^ t _^ hat _even the frish were coming to their senses > atlast . ( Hear , hear . ) They had J t * ecently _estepbshed a Democratic Assoc iation . for , the , _puQwse pf _, _cooperating .-ffith , the . * J _¥ _V _^ n _™ _-S _5 " _^ _Mifhate . 'th _&' _PfW'l'Pl _^ _twas . not . cohfined -tbVthe working classes alpnqf , theyv - would find that ' a " candidate now see _^ ng . suppl y the place of Mr . Dillon Browne . as _,-repre 8 entativ . e of the county of Mayo , had avowed himself in favour of Universal Suffrage . ( Loud . cheers . ) He was against " all descriptions of _por laws—he was for Labour and for labour ' s rights . - TKey were all made bv God " : thev were

      all a devilish deal ; better > looking , fellows than these Dukes . ( Cheersi ) . If the land were not tilled according to political expediency instead of state necessity , the people would be able to export corn . ' He proposed to alter that , arid to ' ehact that every man whooccupied land should , have a lease for ever at a " corn rent , and that the landlord should not be able , to oust him ... ( Cheers ;) Whenever machinery . with . ahop ,: 8 tep , ' andajump , came amongst them and made paupers , he would provide that all such pauper s _^ should be enabled to live out of the . . workhouse by their " own labour . ' After some further remai'ks , the . hon . , gentleman concluded by reciting some lines , which were as he stated , of his own composition :-r-. , .

      _ , . Unite . _« unite I ye Chartists brave , Let the Land your watchword be ; Scout , oh scout the servile slave That crouches when he may be free . ' Up , ye heroes , at the despots ; Lick no more the tyrant ' s hand ; Leave your pauper workhouse mess-pots ; Liva like freemen ou your land . Then free trade will he a blessing ,.- , < i ¦¦ When man can work , and eat and play ; _; : When shepherds cease to live by fleecing ; Then each flock its own ! will pay . ' ;' ( Rapturous cheering . ) . ' ' _-i 7 / - '¦ ' . _'" , . ' . ! , ' . _" * ! _.,. _> ' : Mh' ; G . vW . ; M ; Rktnolds—who was received with much cheering—moved the first resolution , which ran as follows : — . _i :

      " That in the opinion of this meeting the alarming arid downwardtendency of the _labouring and general industrious interests of'thai United Kingdom and the Colonies is the result of the present unjust and unequal system . of government promoting , as it . does , the corrupt interests of a small faction at the expense of the" people at large ; _-ivndi that this meeting expresses its deiiberateconviction that the only safe and effectual remedy for the Colonies is independent responsible government , and for the United Kingdom such a change of our representative system as will place the House of Commons under the direct control of the nation , and by the admittal of the entire male adult , population within the pale of the electoral franchise , and which would be accomplished , most satisfactorily to this meeting ,. by . the enactment of the People ' s Charter as the basis ofa future constitution . " .., "

      Mr . Reynolds said , that he gave his hearty adhesion to every word contained in that resolution ; and he experienced a warm and fervid glow of enthusiasm when he contemplated that immense meeting which he had then the honour to address , Such a meeting should at the very commencement of the new movement , be taken as a harbinger of future zeal ) and an augury of eventual triumph ; ( Cheers . ) The resor lution . recommended reform ; and Heaven knows there was room for reform in this country ! . "When they read the newspaper reports of famine , destitution , and misery in every quarter of the realmwhen they heard of poor women becoming mothers on the stone , steps of those workhouses to which they vainly . prayed admission—when they read the

      tremendous exposures which the Morning Chronicle , a Conservative _jirinty had even deemed it necessary to publish , relative tothe condition . of the working classes—and when they beheld . the pale , gaunt traces bf famine upon the countenances of so many myriads in the public thoroughfares—it surely was time that the people should : take ; their aftairs into their own hands . ; ( Loud cheers . ) The aristocracy of this country had hitherto , usurped the government ; and 3 uch was the wretched plight to . which misrule , ignorance , ! tyranny , and selfishness had brought the industrial classes . ( Hear . ) The present time was one of the most momentous periods inthe history of the world . It was written in Heaven that the nations of Continental Europe ' would

      rise again to overthrow tyranny , aristocracy , and all the barbarous relics of feudalism , wherever they existed . Then back to his native land would go the glorious Kossuth—( loud cheers " — to establish Hungarian freedom ; and back to his much-loved Italy would go the brave Mazzini—( renewed cheering)—to achieve the triumph of liberty . Then also would the gallant French- peoole hurl down the monkey Louis Bonaparte —( laughter)—from his perch ; and the veritable _democratierepublic would be reared in the place of his wretched domination . ( Cheers . ) Such would be the speedy changes wrought in Europe ; and then , when thrones would be crumbling , and crowns falling in all directions _^ what would be the attitude England was likely to

      assume ? This was the momentous question which deserved consideration . ( Heiuy hear . ) Tho alternatives , then , would be these : that either the people must obtain those liberal institutions which would enable them to testify in an efficient manner their sympathies with the democracy of continental Eufope--or else the aristocratic government of England would make war upon that democracy . Yes—the aristocracy of England knew that it was perishing visibly—felt that it was dying rapidly ; and it . would not give up the ghost without a desperate struggle against the spirit that was annihilating it . Its last resource would be to make head against the progress of democracy on the continent ; but would the people of England allow their country to

      be made the last stronghold of the privileged orders ? ( "No , no . " ) Certainly not : and yet the aristocracy of England were insane , wicked , and desperate enough to make the attempt . Hut if the English government dared to demonstrate a hostile union against the democracy of continental Europe , the republics of America and France—when the latter should have become a real republic—would unite to prostrate the mad attempt of Britain ; Then , at the very first blow which was struck , the United States would seize upon Canada and the Westlndies ; while France would take the Ionian and Balearic Islands , Malta , Jersey , and Guernseyand Inst , though not least—would invade Ireland . Ah ! and oppressed as Ireland was by English

      misrule , would the French find enemies in that country , were they to invade it ? ( Hear . ) He thoHght not . Then , should such a warfare arise as that of which he was speaking , the United States would obtain the maritime superiority ; and what would become of our Indian empire and of Australia ? ; The only ally England could hope "to gain , under the circumstances supposed , wonld be "Russia : and would the British people like to have anything to do with the miscreant of the north ? ( " jSo , no . "} Such were the eventualities that must take place if the aristocracy of this country were allowed to have their own way , and continue in their own selfish , insane , and wicked career . The only way to prevent the catastrophe iust shadowed forth , was to precipitate

      the downfall of exclusive interests aud class legislation by the adoption ofthe People ' s Charter as the law ofthe land . ( Loud cheers . ) Then , the government of this country would not dare to interfere with the progress of continental democracy , unless it were to assist it ; and then also the colonies would receive those institutions which would cement their connexion with England , and secure tbem from the probability of severance . ( Hear , hear . ) The results ofthe Charter would be to render England ' s foreign policy enlightened and wise ,: as . well as to make the peop le themselves happy and prosperous . All treaties based _jupon the old and exploded interests of kings , must be annihilated : nor must England ever consider herself still a party to

      those treaties whichorig inally bound her to maintain two dissolute women upon their thrones . He alluded to the Queen of Portugal and the Queen of Spain . . ( Hear , hear . ) But to turn from continental and colonial questions to home affairs , he ( Mr . Reynolds ) would observe , that there was no country in tho whole world " which so " much needed radical reform as Eng land ! - The abuses to be swept _a _^ _Yay were in number " Legion . " ( Hear . ) Were they satisfied , for instance , in paying £ 50 , 000 a year to King Leopold , the sovereign of an independent country ? (•' "So , no . Were they satisfied at paying £ 27 , 000 a year , to the King of Hanover , a man whose character was " odious throughout the world , and who had been accused ot murder and of incest ?

      ( Sensation . ) He ( Mr . Reynolds ) would not take upon himself to say that the King of Hanover had committed those crimes : but every one knew that the accusations had been made ; and this fact agfravated the scandal of subsidising such an mdiviual from the British Treasury ., ( Hear , hear . ) Then , again , were the people of England contented with paying nearly £ 30 , 000 a year , to three Dukes , whose only cl aims were that that they boasted a descent from three infamous prostitutes who were the mistresses of Charles the Second ? ( Hear . ) Why , there was not a working man present who would not scorn such a shameful and paltry origin _? ( Cheers . ) And yet the Dukes of Richmond , Graftoii , arid St . Albans , were not ashamed to receive ' the hereditary reward of their ancestroSBes

      infamy . Then , again , was it not rather too bad that Prince Albert should wring £ 47 , 000 a year from the fibres , sinews , and vitals of the working classes ? And was it not too extravagant to give the Queen £ 385 , 000 a year for the trouble Ol _reigning over us I Now , let them mark one tact . The annual account for butter , bacon , _™ _£ f _?* Be , consumed- in Bucking ham Palace was £ 10 , 000 a year ; and the whole cost of the American Executive was no morel ('' Shame , shame . ) Ah . it was indeed a shame . And now , when such contrasts existed , could the Government be : astonished it Chartism , Communism , and Socialism exiBted _? Could the Legislature and tho aristocracy bo astonished if there was in Eng land so many advocates of Republicanism ? ( Tremendous oheenng _, ana cries of "Hurrah for Republicanism ! " ) Or again , coiiM landowners and capitalists be astonished _u _,

      : ^ T . Chartist Meeting In W^Vee * City...

      that startling maxim ofrProudhon ' s ; _*'' Property i « "¦ _obbery _,-, , should have ! struck so thrUlingly . upon _£ ? | : uBwersaUmmd' :. of , _^ Christendom : ; . ' ( Cheers' ) _^ _^ _l ? : _^ as noT _' held in ! England , ; to ' the _soleoenefiM theiich , and the ; utte ' r , detriment '' of the poor , it assuredly assumed the aspect of ' robbery , . Every morsel , of bread which theinch idler . a _*®» . _VftUe . the pauperised worker . starved , was a robbery : every fine garment which luxurious , indolence put on . while famished industry ' -went in rags was likewise , robbery . ( Loud cheers . ) . Thus wasitthat .. propert y was : robbery : and . ' also because a favoured few had monopolised all the land 1 ° _Wffi _:- * " ! fh . 'asp " ; _and-hads ' o tied it up in their own _famuieS i that' _^ he millions _wei-e merely serfs ' or else l P- _PonJt . -. ' 7 Butthelarid must be ' rescued ¦* ' ¦¦ _¦ ¦ ' £ - _" » * ' ¦¦ ¦¦ '" _rTf " ¦ ¦ _" **« ¦ ¦'" iu muou UO 1 DOUUVU

      .. - frpm the grasn , of ; that selfish oligarchy . " Not that , he ( Mr . ReynoIds ) . w 6 uld , for a moment , advocate _, violence , or . spoliation . \ NoL ; but . he ' would attack the hideous monopol y : by means of laws abolishing , **« : _»?» _., " «»** . / eudal tenures , primogehitu re mort ' _. main , and entail . . Then the land would come back to the , people ; andall nien _, _wouldViih tiirie _/ . be ; eh " , abledto get a _property-footilig . upon ' it . _* ( Cheers . ) But this aim could only be reached' by means , of the People ' s Charter . ¦ _- The door : of the House of Commons / must be Widened so sis to admit the true representatives of popular rig hts arid national interests .. . ( Cheers . ) Ay ,. and , : working men themselves must be returned to that House , in . . order to give free expression to the wants ' _andirequiremehts of their own class . ( Hearhear . ); Therefore was

      , it that the struggle must > commence iri good earnest for the People ' s Charter ,- _^ a , legal , ¦ peaceful , ! , and moral struggle , but fraught ; with earnestness , resohition , and vigourJ -The , workihg ' cla g s es must not only assist _the . middle class reformers , presided oyer , by Sir Joshua . Warmsley ' but must also maintain . their own grand and glorious _^ movement for the People ' s Charter , which could alone give complete satisfaction , and lead to , the happiness , prosperity , and contentment of tho _. miUions of this mighty , empire . ( _Ixjudandpreloipgedcheeririg . ) '' . _ " , _' _,, ' _"' Mr . M'GRATE ' cameforwavdto . s ' ecoridthe resolution amid loud cheers . He said he was delighted beyond expression to see that glorious congregation assembled to assist iii the inauguration of another movement for . the establishment of British liberty .

      The Democrats of England are looking with intense anxiety _^ , ' to th ' e result of this . g lorious demonstration , and it was pleasing to its conveners ' to find-that their brethren in the provinces would hot bo disappointed . ( Cheers . ) . The Democrats of England had a great and noble work to . perform , and it was cheering i to observe the alacrity and enthusiasm with whichltwas commenced by the men of London . _Thejycame _^ before , them that ni g ht to solicit their coTbperat , _i 6 n in dispelling those prejudices fostered against oui * sacred cause , aiid to create such _\ an enlightened ! public ! opinion ' in ! its favour : as must , despite all . opposition , ensure its speedy ' triumph . Judging from the spirit manifested that evening , he . thought he mi ght with certainty ! calculate upon the hearty aid . and co-operation of . every man

      and woman before him . ( Cheers . )! Tho resolution which he hud . the honour to second affirmed the melancholy fact , that the _^ tendency upon . the' social scale of tho . great Industrial community . was downward . Ho ! thought that that assertion would be borne testimony to by every , man in the meeting . ( Hear , ! hear . ) Daily we ' re the wages of labour diminishing , arid ! thereby were tho means ! of human happ iness contracting . ' To what cause was this decline ascribable , ? ' ; , He considered the resolution literally correct . ' in charging it to the unequal , unjust , and iniquitous operation of bad laws . ( Hear . ) This proposition has been so often and so ably demonstrated : aforetime ' l , tha ' t , he would' not . occupy their attention _. with _' _itat present . . For this state of things the resolution pro ' vidted the means of appl ying

      an effectual remedy , through the agency of a parliament springing spontaneously from the ! heart and soul of the whole peop le . ( Cheers . ) The resolution also alluded to the misgovernmerit of the colonics . Mr . M'Grath then ' referred to ' several instances of colonial mal-adininistfationfinJustification of the disconteritwhich _prevailsiri'thosedistantportions ' of the British Empire , and continued , the , time for energy and action had-arrived , let theni not allow it to . glide by without making , wise use of it . ( Hear , hear . ) : All parties were how ! . upon the alert / the people must ! not be , supine . ' The Protectionists were most vociferous in their ' dehiarids , and persevering iri their endeavours to restore the good old times of hig h vents and dear bread . They were rising through ' the land tho captivating , but

      delusive , cry of " protection to native industry . " He cautioned the peoplo to be ware of the devices of the cunning gentlemen . ' ( Hear . ) What sort of protection would Disraeli , Lord Stanhope , or the Duke of Buckingham , give to the labour of the working community . ? Just , that sort of protection which they have . always given'to it—the protection which the , wolf gives to the lamb . ( Cheers . ) . There inustJbe no retrogression , there must be norestoral of the corn laws . The duty of the people is to go right onward arid _coriiplete these great changes which present circumstances so . iriiperatively demand . For his own part he was proud to . witness the operation of Corn Law Repeal ; It was bringing , the haughty oligarchy from the pinnacle of their pride in humble supplication to the

      people . ( Cheers . ) lies , tne power ot their nereaitary and feudal oppressors was doomed ; lot no unwise act of an injured people prolong its existence . ( Cheers . ) The corn law was the key-stone of the arch which supported the blood-cemented edifice of the aristocracy _"thaV has been struck - 'out , and stone after stone will continue to fall ; away -until a heap of ruins shall be the only relic of its once baleful existence . ( Loud cheers . ) These infamous enactments were the reins by whicli the oppressor rode and managed the nation ; the reins were cut , arid thou _gh the rider clings with convulsive tenacityto the back of the lacerated and ill-used steed , it is becoming so restive and stubborn that he will soon be compelled to bite the dust . ( Cheers . ) He considered the si ? ris of the . times most auspicious

      for the success of the people s cause . A . large section of the middle classes recognised tho justice of our claims , and were agitating in favour of a portion of our princip les . This he regarded as a cheering augury of that triumph which could not be far away in the-future . Some punctilious friends _thought that no countenance should be given to those reformers , seeing that they did not go thc full length ofthe Charter . He thought-otherwise . He felt that in refusing the aid of these men as far as they went , that we should beacting as foolishly as the Duke of Wellington , had he refused the aid of Blucher at' Waterloo , upon the ground that his army were Prussians , ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . M'Grath after some further remarks upon the policy of the people at the present juncture , concluded with an

      earnest appeal nr lavour ot union , energy , , and action , as . the elements of success , ; arid gave it as his opinion that , af-his _> advice was . takon , the day was not fin distant when liberty ' s day star would be hailed by the jubilant acclaims of an emancipated and happy people . . ( Loud cheers . ) . Mr . Vernon , who was received with repeated cheers on _preaeritirig himself after his long imprisonment , said that having been bound in good security to lie of good behaviour for three years , arid having caught a cold since ; lie came into a comfortable home after suffering so long a confinement in a cold arid—he would not say a damp—but absolutely wet cell _^ 'he would not ' on the present occasion detain them long . It was with . great pleasure that he witnessed the zeal displayed by the meeting , and

      heard the sentiments so boldly expressed by the chairman and those who followed _himj in all of which he cordially ' concurred . : Being almost in complete ignorance of what'passed . in Europe for the last IS months , riot having been allowed to see a newspaper or to have the smallest piece of printed paper in his _possession , ' or to aska single question even relating to the \ veather or to the health of his fellow-prisdners- —( shame _)^ -the ; few remarks he should make must necessarily be of a general nature . ;; They had ' been told that England was foing down . ' He believed it to be true , because he new , - before he was put-in prison , there were 1 , 506 , 000 paupers in England , 2 , 000 , 000 of agricultufal'labourers living on 5 s . a week , and 4 , 000 , 000 of other descriptions of labourers living scarcely

      better . - He believed this was owing to bad legislation—to the : wrong mode , in fact , - in which their business had been conducted by those who were their servants , for the people . was the _sovereign , and their representatives were merely their clerics . ' ( Cheers _^) They _hiid feudal landlords _^ and millowners ,-and bankers ;' -and money-dealers—those who , instead of attending to the business of the people made use of their position to increase their own profits . _' ( Hear . ) Such things could not continue if ihe people liad' their Cnartor and their rights ; But he looked to the Charterasa steppingstone to afar greater measure—the organisation of labour ' and the better' distribution of the land . ( CheersL ) In fact politics were only of use as a hieans bf making a _^ people so ' oially better , wiser , more moraland moro Christian . ; ' ( Hear , hear . ) Therefore he thought another revolution " was _Hecessary , arid he hoped-it would be a moral one . " He hoped the people would be strong enough to gain

      their rights by moral' means . The government throughout Europe were now the real physical forco men , and without force and fraud they would not be able'to stand -a moment before the strength of public opinion . ( Hear _. hear . ) Ho came forward on the first occasion that presented itself to assure them that he was still the same person he was when sent to prison , and yet not thesame , for in spite of all he increased pretty well , so that if their was any good in him before that good Ought to be increased now . ; ( Hear , hear , --and-laughter . ) It was ' to him a matter of the . greatest satisfaction to see such jit meeting and to find opinion so zealously oxpreswd ; and if he prayed to Ged at all it was that the . people of England might be as united as that meeting -appeared to be . United in that way he hoped they would arrive at the goal they had in view . ( Hear , hearjl 'He could only say for himself thathe would ; march on with them , and ho would . be ready at any moment to take his stand at ' any risk in order to ac-

      : ^ T . Chartist Meeting In W^Vee * City...

      complish their objects and to suffer any thing in order toarrive . inthe shortest _jpossibletime , with the least possible amount of " evil , at'tho ' -possessibh . of tho _| People ' s . Cha ' rter ' . ' ( Cheers . ) / ;; "! _^ ¦• ; : ' . ' * - _i v " Jum _&' . HiRSKT , who ; _' oncohiingtothe frbht _' of _theiplatform ! wa ' s loudly cheered , ' said the question might be asked why the _' eonveners of the ' meeting sought to revive the agitation ' for . thb ; _CharterV ' -He answered _^ because notwithstanding the _rejiorted conversion Of the Whigs :. ' to reform ; they could place ho confidence in . aiiy _acheme . propounded ' by that party . ( Hear , hear . ) " The Whigs reform scheme was yet in the shell , and it was impossible ' to discuss the merits of a . plan * yet unhatched , ' but they . might be sure ! that that _plaa wa 8 \ not intended .. to 1

      _eniranchise tho veritable people . He was aware there were other plans of reform , and other reform agitations before the public . . There was Mr Cpbden ' s Freehold Land Association , which he ? ( the speaker ) repudiated aa hostile to . the rights imd true interests of the working classes . That association was formed merely to increase the number of 'those who at" present monopolised the suffrage ; it was not intended to confer the _suffragbbii'those who' most needed it . The ma _s ' B of the ' ' people ' wero too ! poor to purchase the suffrage , and even if they were hot , he objected to the ' unrepresented buy ing as . a privilege that which ' was their right . ' ( Cheers . ) -Mr . * M'Grath had alluded to certain " punctilious'radicals" who doubted the propriety of countenancing the'

      Parliameritary . Reform Association . He ( the speaker ) must confess that he was one of those " " punctilious" persons . Certainly Sir Joshua , _Walmsley ' s Vlittle Charter" would extend the suffrage to a considerable number of the people , but it too- _^ like the Freehold' Land Scheme- —' carried . with it the flaw ; of recognising the unjust principle of ii money qualification . ; Under the " little Charter , " the possession of the suffrage would depend upon the payment of rates , and of course those who were t ' oo poorto pay rates , would continue to be unrepresented . : Again , although . the Parliamentary Reformers' had . nominally-recognised the princi p le , of rib property qualificationformeiribe ' rs ; of'Parliament , they had rendered that nugatory * by ' omitting its necessary

      adjunct" payment of members , " wanting which , it was ii farce to tell the jpeople they would be free to choose their ropresehtatives from any class , for how could they elect working men unless those nien were to be paid for their services ? ' And . until the working classes were represented' by ' men '; of ! their own order , it would _he'vairi'tb hope for justice from Parliament . ' . ( Cheers : ) His principal objection to the reform proposed by Sir Joshua Walriisley and his friends was , that it would . exclude from the ! representation those miserable masses who most needed the suffrage to protect them , I The man who possessed property , whether land ; houses , cash , or any other kind of wealth , could very well protect himself without tho ' suffrage ;! but the man who was

      dependent for the support of hihiself arid fariiily on weekly wages , and dependent for those wages On the goodwill of an employer , had no , protection if he was denied a voice in the , making of the laws affecting his life , _^ liberty , and labour . : ( Cheers . ) Furthermore , -he objected to the Parliamentary Reform agitation , because it couid not result in a settlemerit of the suffrage question . ' There would have to be another agitation for the _enfranchisement' of the inasses , -who would stillbe ' excluded from the franchise , under Sir Joshua Walmsley ' s "little Charter . " " Why ! not make one agitation do once for all ? ( Applause . ) For what were Frost , Williams , Jones , and Ellistranaported ? For their devotion to the Charter . ( Cheers . ) For what were Williams and _Sharoe done to-death ? 'For their fidelity to

      the Charter . ( Loud cheers . ) For what had Mr . iVernoii and hundreds more " suffered incarceration , with all its horrors ? ' For what was their gallant friend Ernest Jones at the present tithe suffering tliese horrors ? Forthe goodcause of the Charter . ( Prolonged . cheering . ) He confessed he could not face tho victims who'had suffered , and were still suffering iii their cause , if he were to give his support to any measure of reform short of the Charter . He thought the . Charter . a sufficiently _¦ moderate _mbasure ofreforrii ; ! Wheri it had become law , they would still have to dispose , of niany other political and social questions . They had been warned not to be mado the tools of the " Protectionists ; Yery good . But he would warn them also against being made the tools of the Free Traders : He would

      advise theni to hivve nothing to do with either party , but to trust only in ' themselves _^ If they must'be anything instead of Chartists riierely , let them be Chartists and something moro .- : ( Applauso . ) There was a good deal said and written , at present , ' respecting the condition of the working classes , and the Morning Chronicle had done good service in instituting ' its inquiry into the state of Labour and the Poor . But he asked what remedy the Chronicle would propose ? Thus far it appeared , that emigration , or transportation , was the grand remedy suggested ' by that journal . He ; had no objection to emigration , provided the right persons' were serit away—the idlers and plunderers _^ ( Cheers ) But ho strongly objected to the transportation of the

      industrious classes . - ( Cheers . ) ; The truth was , those who lived ! upon the toil of the wealth-producers , were afraid that what , they called the surplus population ; might become so numerous as to be unmanageable , and therefore dangerous .- But he _firotested against the transportation ofthe people . Applause . ) " So much for one remedy for social distress . They had heard something about unlocking the land , arid bringing the land into the retail inarket . That was one of Mr . Bright ' s remedies for the restoration - of Ireland . Mr . Bright would hare land as free to traffick in as was labour . He ( the speaker ) protested against any suoh so-called reform . He asserted , that land ought , not to be made a matter of sale and bargain . Neither by

      conquest , nor by purchase , had any man a right to appropriate one foot of land to the exclusion of his fellow men . Tho land belonged to all —( applause )—and should be held in trust by the government as national property for the good of nil .. ( Applause . ) Were that the case , tho . rental of the land would amply suffice to pay all the expenses of tho governmerit , provide for tho education of the people ; , and meet the costs of many . inpre good works at present [ neglected by the government . ( Renewed applause . ) It had that night been said , 'tliat revolutions always benefited the upper and middle classes at the expense of the working classes : He admitted there was much truth in that assertion ;

      but Jet no man imagine , that the revolutions commenced inl 84 S 49 were finished . The peoples of Europe would . rise again , arid complete the great work they commenced on the 24 th of February . ( Ohoers . ) Thoy should , remember too that _tno peop le of France had gained something by their revolution , —Universal Suffrage—whicli , probably , without a revolution , they would not have gained in scores of years . But , it might be said , that Universal , Suffrage had been misused . Tes , but only becaiise . the peasantry of Prance had been misled by priests , aristocrats , capitalists , and political adventurers , who trafficked in ! human folly . But , let them not despair of France . What , though the traitors and tyrants had slain the champions of democracy , exiled Louis ; Blanc and ' Ledru Rollin ,

      —( Cheers for those patriots )—and imprisoned and proscribed three-fourths of the teachers and leaders of the people , nevertheless , the princi p les of Social Democracy were advancing with g iant strides . ( Loud cheers . ) "Unless Universal Suffrage was piut down by the factions in power , the next general election would result in the overthrow of Louis Napoleon , " Thiers , arid ' , such ' rascals , and the triumphant establishment-of the Red Republic . ( Iirimense cheering . ) Even if Louis Napoleon succeeded by fraud and force , in making himself Emperor , and enthroning himself in the palace of the Bourbons , his successful treason , would soon meet its reward . He would but ensure his speedier fall by forcible , instead of peaceful means . He repeated , there was no need to despair of France , and ' when Franco moved , she moved the

      world . The peoples of Europe would rise again , and then they would treat their pitiless and remorseless enemies as they deserved , and show them tliflt mercy their oppressors had dealt to tho people . ( Great cheering . )' ' After touching on the state of the colonies , the speaker said , that if for no other reason , the Charter was necessary to maintain the honour of the country in its relations with other nations . He was one of those , who had advocated war in behalf -of Hungary —( faint hisses , and loud cheers)—but they had merely sympathised , and the consequence ws _>! s that ' Kossuth was , a prisoner in Turkey , and . Hungary lay bleeding under , the swords of Russia arid Austria . It was said that England could not interfere because she was bound by treaties . The people repudiated the treaties of tyrants , Why should they respect the treaty of Vienna ; subscribed by that enemy of the ' people

      . 'The never ( enough ) lamented Castlereagh , - j Whose penknife slit a goose quill t ' other day V In the great future—the British people would be bound by ' no such treaties , they would be friends with all the peonies , and enemies to ' all the tyrants of the world ., ( Applause ;) It had been said that the . English government , might go to war against the democracies of Europe . '¦ , There was no fear of that : The English people would not fi ght against _theirbvethren ; nor . would they fight to maintain the institutions by ' which the privilege " ! classes alone benefited . For himself , he should be glad to know there was a possibility of the , Cossacks bivouacking in Trafalgar-square . That would bring

      the privileged classes to their senses . The Cossacks would not take up their quarters in Spitalfields ; ho , they would rather patronise the goldsmiths shops on Lud gate Hill , and the mansions at the West [ End . It . would be the rich who would -suffer , and that would bring - them to a sense of Justice . ( Cheers . ) They would go down on their knees to tho working classes for their assistance , arid give the Charter and much more . ( Renewed cheering . ) Let justice be done , and tho people of all ranks would do their duty in defence of the country ; , but , _wHhout'justioe , the people would resemble the donkey in the fable _. who , when threatened with the enemy , asked why he _shouW care for them !; Like

      : ^ T . Chartist Meeting In W^Vee * City...

      Sam 8 on , buryingthemselyes in the ruins , they mi ght be disposed to _^ _^ aid rather * tban rejel " the ,, fofeigner iri'his efforts to . pull vdown " { he / _present ' system . ( Prolonged applause . ) _—; .,.. _- . Mr . KYDD , who-was-warmly . applauded , . said ., ho repeated his , statement , which he , preViously , ma ' _deT on ; that platform , _^ that ; tlie demand _Aof .. Universal Suffrage : was _* "fbased .. on the ; ' , moral , ; " principles of ; , the ; People ' s _^ _Chartier . i : , ;( Cheers . ) _^ hose who refused ! a reform because ,. it was , ; chari ge had to take change when it . ceased to be reform ' . ( Hear . ) . He agreed in the statement ' of the ' resolution j that ; the tendency of this country wasdownvwards .. However , ; Mr . Maca ' uly , might doiibt the truth Ofthejassertion ; he agreed with Carlyle , thai the two-handed workmen had never been in a worse position . The standard for the army had-been reduced nme or tea times since 1815 . Why , ' but that the blood and sinews ofthe people had been worked

      into the fortunes of the upper classes . ! ( Applause . ) There had , indeed , _^ been great accumulations " , of property ,, but the producing classes had riot benefited ' by ; them . ( Hear , hear . ) , With regard , to the colonies , Adam Smith had declared that the secret of colonial prosperity was the command of plentv of good land , and the management of their own affairs . ( Hear , hear . ) lie rejoiced that " they confined themselves at present to the advocacy of the People ' s Charter . But there was no , sliding scale in his democracy . /"( Cheers . ) . He was not for freedom at twelve at nopn „ and for puttirig . it down ' at seven in the eveninf * . No , the people must meet , and argue out the question of labour . ' . ( Hear , hear . ) The rights bf labour must be recognised , and settled . Adam Smith had not settled , that question ; the Morning Chronicle had riot settled , it ; nor could , it be settled until Universal Suffrage had been established , and the people had ayoice in riiaking the li ws by which they were governed . ' .. ( Cheers . )

      The resolution was then put and carried unanimously , ¦ . ..: ' . , . , ' ' :.. ' . . . . JIi _* . O'Connor having made several announcements of forthcoming meetings , announced , that , having eight miles to go , home , he must leave the chair , and would thank them to substitute some one else as , Chairman . On tho motion of Mi \ Reynolds , three cheers wore given to the honourable member for Nottingham . The . honourable gentleman then left the hall , and Mr . _M'Gratu- was unanimously called tothe chair .

      Mr . Thomas Clabk moved the second resolution , which was expressed in the following terms : — " That jn order to mako ' effective the demand for the enactment of the People ' s _. Charter , it is necessary that the friends of that measure ; should forthwith form themselves into an association for that purpose ; and that this meeting hereby calls , especially upon the working classes , to . adopt the course here directed , as the one most essential , to their nioral , social , and political elevation . " He said , he , had been intrusted by : the : Provisional Committee , to submit the resolution for their approval ; and ho did so , in the full confidence that they would g ive it their support . The previous speakers had all most eloquently enforced the

      necessity for the Charter , and his duty , was to point out the means by . which that great measure . of reform was to be accomplished . ( Hear . ) , - The manner of its achievement was in importance , second only to the reform itself . ( Hear , hear : ) Itgrievcd him to be compelled , whilst upon this point , to give utterance to the feelings of dissatisfaction " which were created in his mind , by the remarks which fell from Mr . Harney , respecting the objects and intentions ofthe " National Parliamentary Reform Association . " ( Hear . ) Nothing . tended so much to strengthen the power of _theiruling faction as the _tvarsiwhieh the several democratic parties direct

      against each other ; and , as a maty seeking to become practical , he pronounced , that nothing would , nothing could be obtained for the great body ofthe people , until there was not only a cessation of these unwise and unseemly hostilities , but also , until they agreed to be , at least tolerant arid respectful towards each other , - . and agreee to give to each other credit for sincerity of purpose . ( Cheers . ) Why _shouldldoubts be expressed of the integrity ofthe Reform Association l ( Hear . ) Let them , as men of sensearid reason _,, ask themselves , " what it was that association proposed . to accomplish V Its grand object was to extend the elective franchise to more than * four millions of additional

      persons ; and he fearlessly asserted , that if that end were obtained , that the effectuation of the " People ' s Charter would-be a matter of easy accomplishment . ( Uo , no , and cheers . ) Some of them said no but had they ever reflected upon the fact , thatthe addition to the elective body , contemplated ; by the plan of the Reform Association , must all be made from the ranks bf the working classes ? ( Hear . ) At that moment , the whole of the middle and upper classes were enfranchised , and conjointly , they made an elective force , of loss than one million ; and if four millions of additional votes be created , there will be four votes for the working classes , against one vote on the part ofthe other classes ; and if in such a state of things , they , would remain

      long without the entire Charter , the fault would evidently be with the working classes themselves , —( cheers)—then , he said ,, as a matter of sound policy , it was their duty to encourage every party that . mi ght seek to oppose the present system of government by . " placing power in the hands of the people . ( Hear . ) Any other policy , he felt assured , would be destructive to their best interests , and , therefore , he would encourage every attempt to destroy the present monstrous system of class legislation . This appeared to him to be the only safe and practicable mode of securing the enactment of the People ' s Charter ! ( Cheers . ) There was one other opinion which fel , from Mr . Harney , from which he begged not only

      to dissent , but which he reprobated with all the energy of which he was capable . He alluded to the hope expressed by Mr . Harney , that , should ths continental democrats again . obtain the ascendant , they would deal with their tyrants and oppressors in thesame cruel and severe manner that those oppressors had dealt with the democrats who had , in many instances , fallen into their hands . What , a democracy—a people—a whole nation—erecting a political scaffold , for the immolation of their defeated enemies ? That never could . be ; and he was sure that the meeting would not assent to the promulgation of such an opinion as , having been sanctioned and ratified by them . ( Cheers . ) Thero was one country whicli , in its history , had afforded

      them , an illustration of both views of the question —France , in her first Revolution , shed rivers of blood , which did not cement the union of her children ; but , on the . contrary , dimmed the splendour and grandeur which , otherwise , attached to ths revolution . On the occasion of the last revolution , the French people in their magnanimity , declared for the abolition of death punishments ; and never in the history of the world , did a people show themselves so sublimel y grand , or morally great , as ( lid their Gallic neighbours on that occasion ; and never , he hoped , should they , in England , be cursed with a blood y democracy , as he looked upon it as the worst system of crueldespotism . ( Cheers . ) He made those remarks without any personal disrespect to Mr . Harney , and from a sincere desire to place the cause of the Charter , upon a basis free

      from blood and terror . ( Cheers . ) [ It is ' correct that Mr . Clark ' s speech , was cheered by a portion of the meeting ; but it should also be stated that he was met with repeated and energetic expressions of disapprobation , so much so that the continuance of his address was more than once interrupted by the dissentient voices of those who evidently , formed a majority of the meeting . ] Mr . Staiawood seconded . the resolution . Mr , Kydd haying spoken in explanation of matters commented on by _, Mr . Clark , but not reported in the above speech , . ' . ¦ : ¦' . - Julian Harney explained tliat , although Mr . Clark had charged hira with having aspersed the middle' classes , ne denied that he had done so . . He

      had merely asserted , that the scheme , of reform , put forth by the parliamentary reformers , would exclude from the franchise those who most needed it , and would render necessary another agitation for the adoption of the Charter . r With regard to the conduct of the people in future revolutions , he , ( the speaker , ) abided by the sentiment he had expressed ; and he would beg to remind Mr . Clark , that tha humanity-mongers who had abolished death-punishments'for political offences in France , had only four months afterwards poured grape-shot on the working nien of Paris , arid murdered the founders ol the Republic by wholesale . They had , moreover , seen the Roman Republic assassinated , and its

      defenders slaug htered . . They had seen , too , the bravo Proletarians of Lyons bayonetted arid shot down , for expressing their sympathy for Rome . The bluo blood ofkings and aristocrats , was very precious in the eyes of some of their friends ; for his part , he had more regard for . the blood' ofthe people . [ These . sentiments were hissed by those who had applauded . 3 Ir . Clark , but an undoubted majority of the meeting cheered loudly . ] 'Mr . ' ; J . B . OBmm then spoke at considerable / length , and delivered an excellent and telling speech , which excited _miichhpplause . Not haying any good report of Mr . O'Brien ' s speech , we decline giving a mere abridgment _^ ( Concluded in the _Eightli Pag ' i . )

      John Op Tuam Seems To Grow More Crabbed ...

      John op Tuam seems to grow more crabbed aud unintellig ible than ever . In a recent letter ( very long of course ) he censures government for having furnished" a host of heretical professors to funirus colleges . " ., b ¦ now _sEtDOM do we feel , perceive ; or think ofthe small _beginnings of disease which surround and operate upon usm our enjoyments and intercourse ivith the world . " The young disease which must _suhdu ' e at length ,

      WOWB wuh oui * growth , and . strengthens with our . . strength . " !• . ; . ... _:,.,,,... „ , , .. An improper regimen acting upon ! a particuiarliind of constitution , late hours , both of retiring to rest and rising in the morning , lay the foundation of intestinal as weU a » skin . diseases .: To all such we would recommend first a change of system , and , secondly , _us _^ pme tfvA _^ as _^ stiiat for , the recovery ' of health ,, Uiat efflcai _^ ' _^ _JtoU _*/ : ! _tedicine _, Fratripton _' s Pill of Health , _wMhJ _^' _pw _^^' SS approbation of persons iri evei _? 6 tago _** " orj _^^ " _^ -- _'ii _^ r \ . ::- ¦"• _' ¦ - ¦ - _" ; ! _- _'^ : l _^ i _# _f # Z _* _- ' \\ _$ _ih- _4-MH rim _3 J _5-^ l Vy ' _^ r ' v _' . _j ' c _?^ r ' c _' s m

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 19, 1850, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_19011850/page/5/