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      Grand Metropolitan Demonstration In Favo...

      by asking , "How long does _air . Cobden "really think he could keep company on the great question of Labour with Mr . Feargus O Cosxon V _TYc presume the answer of both these gentlemen to this question would be , that " The great question of Labour" is not raised between them on this occasion . The sole point is , whether they can agree to cooperate for the attainment of a given reform r » _«» 1 _»« .- _! . _KTT ¦• - ' _ - ' * . """

      in the composition of the electoral body and of the House of Commons . They have a _«* Teed that they can do this without , in the slightest degree , committing themselves as to the use to -which either would apply the newl y-gained addition of popular power . But the leading journal in this case has had recourse to an old trick , and _confoimos hvo totall y _diatinct things , an the hope of exciting alarm and producing division .

      very different is tho spirit in which the organ of the ex-ministerial party speaks of the demonstration of Monday and the movement itself . How farthePeelites may be influenced in the tone they have adopted , by the fact that they are "the outs , " itis difficult to say , but this , at least , must be confessed , that it is perfectl y in accordance with the _progressi-re Conservatism , which is the essential philosoph y embodied in the career and policy of the ex-Premier .

      Wc cannot do better than transcribe one or two paragraphs of this significant and instructive article . Such statements are an ample _compensation for the _jioco _curonle style in which the writer tries to exhibit hia own su--perior wisdom , and the air of lofty condescension with wliich he looks down npon some of the sayings and doings at the great meeting of 3 Ionday . ° For our own part ( says the Jfornin _^ Cftronicle ) , wehave _noduacnlt _^ r iaat once _sayinstliat we rrigard the _nra-sent _inovanentasTKhis _. _toanotmcoiiffldei'ableexten _^ agcniiine one . Without for a moment imagining that any large portion of the classes-whose opinion constitutes " public

      opimon" are prepared for the wholesale and sweeping changes indicated in the programme of the new League , we quite " believe tliat a conviction "both ofthe safety and the _desira-Dleness of further electoral reforms is entertained by a numerous and increasing class ; and we are not at aU sure 1 _* Qat , ifl 5 ini 5 ter 3 _muL-h longer refuse or neglect to take -measures for satisfying this very legitimate popular wish , 5 t will not eventually assume a shape at once embarrassing . and formidable . Por , say what we will , there is no denying that even the Drury-lane agitators are truer , practically si * ea 1 dng , tomespiiitofthe age and to lhe genius ofthe coasrirmion , than an impassive and immobile Administra tion . The progressive adaptation and re-adaptation of our l _* Miealinsfi _* arfJons io new circumstances , new feelings ,

      and new wants ; the correction of mischievous anomalies , and the removal , as opportunity serves , of gross aud palpable inequalities ; the gradual extension of political franchise to classes of the people mentally qualified for their CXerciSB , and eagerly solicitous for their enjoyment—In a word , the _theory * and practice of progress—are conforma-We to the spirit ofthe British people , to the precedents of our constitutional liistory , and to the temper ofthe times So British Minister , therefore , however skilful andoonsdendous in the discharge of ordinary or extraordinary administrative _res-wnsibilities , can be said to be fit for his o 2 ice if he knows not when and how , by " measures from -time to time suited to the occasion , " to realise the natural and healthy popular demand for the extension and improvement ' of _jiopular institutions . If , at a period when drcraustances have given an unusual stimulus to these progressive and reforming tendencies of the national mind ,

      and when likewise events have smoothed the way to moderate and rational change by impressing all prudent men with tiie Conservative efficacy of timely * concessions to popular fetfing— _$ at-men a period , a "Minister istocontent himself , year after year , with mere verbal disclaimers , _jtihe " ¦ Snaliry" which he obstinately practises—and if any _league or Association , avowing -ultra principles and _extra--rasant objects , is left to be the onl y visible representative _sud _oi-gan ofthe nation ' s favourite policy of Progress—itis but too probable that we shall one day do in haste , not only inany things that ought to have been done atleisure . hut some things tliat ought not to be done at aU . It needs zio particular sagacity to predict , if the only two powers in the political arena , are , on the one hand , a tolerably _numerous and energetic body of agitators who "know their own Tabids , and , on the other , a mere "Party of Order" without any policy but that of holding office on the easifestpossi ble terms—that itis not the latter that will eventual ]

      carry the day . The writer proceeds to say : We earnestly trust that the author ofthe "Reform Act -wiU spend a considerable portion of tlie present recess , not 4 _n preparing _pliilosophical parliamentary replies to "Mr Hume , . Mr . Cobden , and Mr . Feargus O'Connor , but in _de--dan- ' some rational and practical way of meeting an extreaiely natural and perfectly legitimate popular demand . And , aftei" atlvciting to certain moderate and immediately practicable changes , concludes thus : —

      The grand desideratum is , to make a beginning of some sort—to break tbe ice of Finality—to give tbe country some _practical proof-tfwt Progress is possible without knocking the constitution aU to pieces , and tliat Conservatism does not mean standing stiU witli folded bands while unreformed abuses , unredressed grievances , and _unappcased discontents are growing at compound interest The " appearance of such sentiments in a paper well known to represent a powerful party of able men , possessing practised administra-five habits , affords a much more correct indication ofthe future influence and results of

      the new agitation for Parliamentary Reform , than the coarse and unreasoning abuse and opposition ofthe "Times . " Itis the vocation and tbe habit of that unprincipled journal to calumniate and obstruct every popular movement ia its early stages , and when it is foiled in the effort , to turn round and become the heartiest eulogist and advocate of the very principles it has done its best to crash . No doubt , us in the case of the Anti-Corn-Law League , we shall have it some morning , not far distant , proclaiming to the world , "the Parliamentary and financial Keform Association is a great fact ; " and commencing to defend its principles and objects with as great a command of

      words , and as great a lack of principles , as it now opposes both . During the agitation for the Keform Bill , when thcmiddle and working classes were formerly united , the " Times " exceeded all other journals in the violence of its language , and the intensity of its abuse of the opponents of "the bill , thc Avholebill , and nothing bat the bill . - " Time and the increased strength ofthe movement are all that is necessary to convert it once more into tho advocate of a decidedly popular cause . It lives by s \ dmming Avith the stream , and the perception of that fact makes its thunder _harmless , and its abuse and opposition ridiculous .

      As to the course which the _JJinistry are likely to take with reference to the movement , tliere can be no doubt that , rather than bo turned out of office , Lord Jons and liis _colleagues will readily try their hands again upon a re-constitution of the elements of popular _representation . The extent to wbich tbey will go will niainly depend npon the attitude assumed by the leaders ofthe movement , and the nature of the proposals ihey insist upon the adoption of . In this respect , the tone of the meeting of _ATonday last was excellent . Almost every one of the speakers clearly _intiaiated their preference - for the principle of "Universal Suflrage , and their opinion that the plan of the Association was based upon the

      supposed expediency of conciliating the more tiimd class of Eeformers . The enthusiastic reception of Mr . O'Coxxon—the representative of the Chartists—was an unmistakeable proof of the feeling of the immense _assemblage . Lord Nvgbst — whose speech was , as to argument , diction , breadth of view-, and boldness in the enunciation of p rinciples , the gem of the night—distinctly asserted and upheld the great and fundamental princip le of Manhood Suflrage . Mr . Charles Ltshesgion , in an equally frank and unreserved manner , proclaimed his adhesion to that principle ; and , on the authority of the _great Lord Camden , denounced taxation without representation as a " robbery !"

      It is for the " robbers" to say whether they _Avill reject the modified proposals now made to them . Let them remember that each successive refusal will be followed by augmented demands , and it depends on themselves whether the full and complete en-franchisement of the people shall proceed gradually and quietly , or be accomplished at once , in a manner which ma y possibly injure particular classes by the rapidity of an extensive change . One thing is certain , they will find themselves utterly -anable to resist the demands of the people for enfranchisement The battle Which has now commenced can have but one termination—YlCIOKY I _________

      . ... August 18 ^ 1849. The Northern Sta...

      . ... August 18 _^ 1849 . THE northern sTAR ' ' ¦ ' ' ' ' ' _'" _^^^ _' ' ' ' ' _- _- _' ' ' _•* - _" _- _' 7 _*^* ' _^ _^*' _^' 1- _»*'" _M _* _'' _''' _^ ' _' - _^ Man iii r _hm ¦ ¦¦ miW _^—**— - * " I _' _lrtlm-nn .

      Tnp Cokdwadjebs Ofthe Metbopoiis And The...

      TnP _COKDWADJEBS OFTHE _MetBOPOIIS AND THE _Chabtist TJCiiMS . -The patriotic boot and _shoe-S _£ n by their late exhibition of prize hoots and _wc _^ nd _snpported only by their own craft , have _^ - _^ 3 _^ 27 , which after _deductogex-S _^ _JH _^ ded _«*¦*** - _*> several victims ¦ now suffering _inweerativn .

      Receipts Of The Hational Land Company Fo...

      RECEIPTS OF THE _HATIONAL LAND COMPANY For the Week Esmso Thubsdat August 16 , 1849 . ' SHARES . £ s . & . £ _< - d _Xewlmrv .. 1 19 8 K . T . Ballani .. loo _Sotting-l-am .. 0 7 10 j . Collinson .. 0 1 _*> n _Wn " V , J ' ' « ' '• 0 2 0 feiiefteld .. -1 3 li TV . _Clarridae .. o s a Peterboroush .. 1 19 8 B . JIoss .. 015 0 _T- _Hodge .. 040 10 ° J . Greenwood .. 0 2 0 C . _iloivl .. 0 10 rn _= , T . _Hoa-je .. _ - 0 3 0 3 _- - _± - ± J : EXPENSE FUND . IValsoken .. 0 2 0 B . Biclies .. 0 2 0 0 4 0 MONIES KECEIVED FOR THE === PURCHASE OF MATHON . f _£ _Fagton ! o 0 ° 0 J _- " _*¦ " *« _JLL _? J . S ., Sowerby .. 19 10 0 £ 12110 0 TOTALS . Land Fund 9 5 1 Expense ditto ... 0 4 0 _y _bti _™ - ~ ... mio 0 Bonus ditto 0 2 0 _foan ditto ... 0 10 Sew Land Society 10 8 6 £ 141 10 7 W . Dixon , C . _Dorus , T . Clark , Cor . Sec . P . M'Grath , Fin . Sec . 3 f . B . —The digest ofthe proceedings of the Conference shall appear next week .

      FOR COSTS OF MACNAMARA'S ACTION . Keceived by * W . Rn *) _- _**** . —T . A . C , Go . ; Leicester , per "IV . Bradshair , 12 s . ; 3 Ir . Haddoit , -Wimeswould . Cd * . ; Norwich , Messrs . R . and J . rainier , and W . and "W . Roberts . 6 s . 3 d . ; B . Sandiford , Belliolt _, Is , ; Messrs . King and Flanders . Melbourne , Is . FOR WIVES AND FAMILIES OF VICTIMS . Keceived by W . Rides . —A few Friends , Swansea , per J . Phillips , 10 s . ; _Nottingham , per J . Sweet Is . ; T . Kerr , Ashby-deJa-Zouch , 60 . ; A . Smith , Ashby-de-la-Zouch , Gd . ; T . Stone , _Xe-vburj-, Cd . ; Richmond and Tmckcnham Shoemakers , per Smith andlound _, 19 s . 6 d . ; Norwich , Messrs . B , and J . Palmer , and W . aud W . Roberts , 6 s . 3 d . FOR W . CUFFAY . Received by J . _GKAssur . —Glasgow , per Duncan Sherrington , os . ; Mr . Munday , and Friend , Is . -llr . _Po-diill , Is . CUFFAY AND OTHERSReceived by J . G & assby . — land Office , per Boonham , 4 s . Cd .

      To Those Who Earnestly Desire The Triump...

      TO THOSE WHO _EARNESTLY DESIRE THE TRIUMPHANT ESTABLISHMENT OF HUNGARIAN FREEDOM . Feiends , Should confirmation arrive of the glad tidings which have just reached this country , of the glorious victory gained by the heroes , led by Georgey , over the combined Russian and Austrian army commanded by _PaskiewnsCH , there will be reason for entertaining the hope that the Hungarians may of tlie _* o selves succeed in winning their independence

      without the aid of England ' s arms and iu spite of the wordy nonsense of English " moral force" sympathisers . Nevertheless , be sure that that victory will not terminate the war . The semi-savage hordes at the command of Nicholas are almost innumerable , and although they should be " mowed down in masses" by the heroic Hungarians and Poles , still in renewed masses they will be precipitated against the champions of Freedom ,

      until either the Polish tragedy shall be repeated or the llussian empire itself shall perish . The Austrian empire has perished . Eveu the final subjugation of the Hungarians could not restore the power aud pride of Austria . Prom the day that thc Kaiser called in the Russians he ceased to be the wearer of an independent crown ; and is henceforth , at best , but a satrap ofthe Tsar ' s . If the Muscovites conquer , their empire will extend from the Baltic Sea to the

      Mediterranean , and from Siberia to Switzerland . If beaten , not only will the Austrian empire be dismembered , andthe actual rule ofthat empire _^ be lost to the Tsar : that tyrant's own empire— 'torn by internal insurrection , and assailed by foreign force—will crumble and polish ; " a consummation _devoutlv to he wished . " To win immensely much , or lose all , is the pre-ordained issue of this war for Nicholas . Judge you , then , whether he will not play his last Cossack rather than be beaten in the mighty game to which he has committed himself . He must conquer , or he must

      fall"Xever to rise again . " As long , therefore , as a chance remains of the _Atjiockat _' s triumph , I shall never cease to cry to my _counti-ymen to follow up their lip-sympathy by deeds j I shall never cease to call upon the people to compel the Government by the power of public opinion , to take the proper , the honest , ihe dignified coursethe course prescribed both by national duty and sound policy—of launching the bolts of British mi ght on the side of Hungarian ri ght _. That there may be no mistake as to my meaning , I will here set forth my programme , of " British symijathy . "

      1 st . —The recognition ( by the British Government ) of Hungary as a free aud independent nation . 2 nd . —An intimation ( on tho part oftho British Government ) to the Russian aud Austrian despots , to withdraw their armies from Hungary by a stated tune , accompanied b y a farther hiHmation that non-compliance on the part of those despots will be immediately followed by a declaration of war on the part of England .

      3 rd . —A solemn declaration by the British Government , that in acknowledging the independence of Hungary , and , if necessary , _anbrding armed aid to the Hungarians , it has only in view the preservalion of the interests of Humanity , and the guarding of Em-ope against Cossack aggression ; aud has no intention of dictating any particular form of government to the Hungarians , or at all interfering with the formation of their laws and institutions . If Public Opinion has the power to influence the Government to acknowledge the independence of Hungary , Public Op inion could force the' Government to make , and act up , to the " solemn declaration" I have suggested .

      The parties who pass resolutions , calling on the Gove _^ _-nment to immediately acknowledge the independence of Hungary , and who , at tiie same time , set their faces against war , exhibit remark-able inconsistency . If , indeed , this country g ives no aid to the Hungarians during their struggle for independence , but merely acknowledges that independence when mi fait accompli , there will be but little danger of that acknowledgment bringing war in its train ; but that will be a very _different affair to the imnieiiiafe recognition of Hungary " as a free and independent nation . Lord _Palmersto"X will not dare to open diplomatic relations

      with Hungary as an indedendent power , without at the same time preparing for instant war . The immediate acknowledgment of _Hungarian independence means war . The difterence between myself and the anti-war " sympathisers" is , that while I would-prepare the people for the natural and necessary consequence of " immediate recognition , those precious politicians would lead the people blindfold into a state of war . To put this question in a proper light , let me ask you to imagine that an Irish insurrection had been so far successful that the insurgents had _hAAten the Queen's troops in several battles ,

      and that , althoug h , the finalissue J ™ _*™ doubtful , there was every prospect of the war continuingfor some months , perhaps a year or two . Ton know that in those circumstances , meetings would be held throughout the Vmtea States , calling on the Government to » immediatelv recognise the independence of Ireland If the Rushmssx his advisers desired to avoid war , they would refuse to acknowledge _StaT _* _»^ independent state , untdsuch

      To Those Who Earnestly Desire The Triump...

      time as the Irish had completel y vanquished tho British troops , taken possession of the entire country , and were permitted to hold possession without further molestation on the part of England ; but that would not bc "immediate recognition . " Suppose , on the other hand , that the war was still raging in L'eland , and that public opinion forced the American Government to tea immediate recognition of Irish independence , ask yourselves what would be the course of the British Government ? Every mauof you must be persuaded that the Government

      of this country could , and would , do no other than declare war against the United States . Now for the application _t—If Lord Palmerstos and his colleagues obey the wishes expressed by the people , for the immediate recognition of Hungary as an independent state , Russia and Austria will declare war against this country . Be not too sure that in those circumstances France would be on our side . The chances are more in favour of the French Government joining Russia and Austria against England and Hungary . Remember the assassination of the Roman Republic .

      Bear in mind that the infamous Buonaparte and his crew are capable of any perfidy—of any crime . The organsof the French Government eagerly aunounce every reported defeat of tho Hungarians , and every fabulous victory ofthe _Austro-Russians . Some eighty members of the "Mountain" having drawn up a resolution affirming the recognition of Hungarian independence , a committee appointed by the Ministerial majority have reported , unanimously , against taking the resolution into consideration . Every allusion to the "

      Hungarian Republic" is received with shouts of derisive laughter b y the "Right . " These facts show that the majority of the French Assembly would much rather go to war against , than in favour of , Hungary . The fleets of France , Russia , and Austria combined would be no contemptible match for the naval force of England ; and such a triple alliance of hostile forces might , and not improbably would , be one ofthe fruits of England ' s immediate recognition of Hungarian independence .

      In the name of common sense , then , let the " sympathisers" be consistent ; let them either vote for Hungarian independence , and war ( if necessary ) , or let them cease to demand the former , if they have no stomach for the latter . By their present course thoy are deceiving either the Hungarians , or their own countrymen . If they really mean to eschew war under all circumstances , then they are deceiving

      the Hungarians , for to so mean , and at the same time talk about Hungarian independence is deception and . folly . If , on the other haud , they really desire the immediate recognition of Hungary as an independent state , at the same time that they pretend that such recognition may take place without any danger of war , they are deceiving their own countrymen .

      Amongst other critics of my proceedings in relation to the Hungarian question , I have now to include my old friend TnoMAS Cooper , who , both on the platform and through the press , has done me the honour to criticise my doings at the Marylebone meeting . As I know only by hearsay Mr . Cooper's remarks at the John-street Institution on Sunday last , I will not comment upon information which has reached me in a necessarily imperfect form . I shall confine myself to the article iu No . 31 ofthe Plain Speaker . The article is headed " Shall England go to "War to help Hungary ? " and is put in the form of a dialogue between a Youth and a Septuagenarian . The " Youth" taking my side ofthe question , aud the Septuagenarian doing duty for my critic .

      Here I must observe that the tone of the article differs widely from those precious concoctions of Fox and Miall , on which I commented hi my last letter . Not questioning my sincerity , Mr . CoorER imputes to me a " want of reflection , " and tho advocacy ofa mistaken policy . Of course in the Plain Speaker , the " Septuagenarian" has the best of the argument ; bat the parties to tlie argument are not fairly matched . I admit that Thomas C ooper may

      be as wise a man as any " Septuagenarian " that ever existed ; I know him to be much wiser than most of the Septuagenarians I have known iu the course of my time ; . I know , too , that I am very considerably Mr . Cooper's junior ; still I am not so juvenile , nor so void of " reflection , " but that I can give my " Septuagenarian ' ' friend certain answers the unfortunate " Youth'' seems never to have thought of . The following I understand to be the substance of Mr .

      Cooper's arguments : — 1 st . —That the Hungarians are in arms , not merely for national independence , but for the establishment of a republic also—that if England intervened , her soldiers and officers would not be sent to fig ht for a Republic . That if an English army wero sent to Hungary , it would be with the understanding that the Magyars should re-accept the House of Hapsburg with a constitution—or some Coburg for a king ; or if a Protectionist Ministry were in power , a war , if undertaken by England , would bo for tho restoration of legitimacy .

      2 nd . —Home Reform is the proper and instant work of the English Democrats . When that is secured , the Government and the army will then become fit instruments to help on the freedom of Europe ; till then thoy cannot and ought not to be trusted with that great mission , I invite the reader to examine the dialogue himself , and he will find that I have faithfully rendered the substance of Mi * . Cooper ' s arguments . I answer : —

      1 st . If English soldiers were sent to Hungary they might aid , but they could not overawe the Hungarians ; they would be too few for that . ; moreover , thoso soldiers might return ( as the French troops returned from America ) , imbued with sentiments to which , at present , they are strangers . It is not likely , however , that English soldiers would be sent to Hungary , wherever else tbey might be sent to ; the grand blow for Hungary weuld be struck by England on the seas . It Avould be optional with the Magyars whether they

      would accept English aid , on " the understanding " imagined by Mr . Cooper ; if they are fighting for a Republic , they would not . If public opinion can compel the British Government to go to war in behalf of _Hungary , it could prevent that Government going to Avar avoAvedly for the restoration of Legitimacy . Public opinion being omnipotent—as we are daily assured is the case by Parliamentary and non-Parliamentary orators—cou ld compel the Government to couple with intervention , the declaration contained in the third article of the programme already put forth in

      this Letter . , Rut declaration , or no declaration , and whatever might be the motives or wishes ol the English Government , the kind of government established for Hungary would be—and will be—determined on by the Hungarians themselves . If victors , whether with or without English aid , they are fools enough to submit their necks to a ' renewal oftho Austrian yoke , or any other roy al y oke , it will be their own work . If determined on establishing Republican institutions _^ _Y _^^ _I ' _^ ™ L th « ill-will or otherwise of theEng lish

      Government . France sent a _W « _g army to America , but could not establish a Monarchy in that country ; and n _^ mcre cou d England ' s intervention establish Monarchy in Hungary . It would be nonsensical to compare Hungary Avith such states as Greece and Portugal ¦* both in her geographical position and the number and character of her V V } > she possesses that strength and power which are altogether wanting in the countries ruled over by Otho aud Dossx Maria ., Powerful for good , England may be courted aa a friend

      To Those Who Earnestly Desire The Triump...

      by Hungary ; but powerless for _infs'chicf , the Hungarians have nothing to fear front her as an enemy . If they re-establish the follies and crimes of Royalty , the act will be their own , It aviII bo for Kossuth and his glorious compatriots tp see that no such degradation shall dim the lustre of that triumph , which" I ferventl pray may be tho issue of their mighty struggle . 2 nd . — To postpone giving aid to the Hungarians until we have secured " Home Reform" _constitute s no part of my political creed . I should be most happy to postpone intervention in fa _\* our of Hungary for a month to come , if I thought that within that time tW was any prospect of our obtamiiis : Home

      Ketorm ; but is there any such prospect ? Is thore a prospect of obtaining Reform this year , or next ? Mr . Cobden tolls Sir Joshua Walmsley and his friends that they have " many years' good work before them . " When the Poles rose in insurrection in 1830-31 , those Avho demanded that England should take up the cause of that cruelly-Avronged people were told to "first secure Home Reform and . tho Poles were allowed to perish in their unaided struggle . When Cracow was " annexed Ave wero seeking the Charter , and so could do nothing for the victims ofthat

      Imperial crim e . Now , we arc told by high authonty , that there are many years of good work before us ere the newly-projected instalment ° _i i-D _> mia likel y to bo secured ; and until that Reform , or something more sweeping , is secured , Ave are to do nothing for the Hungarians , Romans , orany _othorwrongedpooplo—at least , so argues my friend Thomas Cooper . I beg his pardon ,. Ave may do something for our brethren—we may talk for them . " 0 most lame and impotent conclusion . ' > . I , too , say that " Home Reform is the properand instant work ofthe English Democrats ; " but I say , also , that to assist the struggling , suffering Democrats of othnr lands , is also " thc proper , " and should be the " instant work" of the people of this country .

      From the " weak , washy , everlasting flood" of pacific sympathy , which has deluged so many ofthe meetings called to sympathise . with the Hungarians , it affords mo real pleasure to turn to the plain , bold sentiments given utterance to , this week , afc Derby and Birmingham . At . the Derby meeting , Mr . Bass * M . P . for that borough , almost went the length oftho Marylobono demonstration , and Mr . _Cour-cillov- _Mmm-ie * said "He would ask any reasonable man , Avhether , having to deal with the savage hordes of Russia , the moral force of this country Avould have any wei ght , but for the knowledge that it is backed by a galiant fleet and"a brave army . ( Cheers . ) " He ad _^ ed that

      Englishmen should demonstrate , " that we can , if avo wish , unsheathe the sword in the cause of liberty , and aro prepared to defend the oppressed , not only with our purses , but with our arms . ( Several rounds of cheering . ) " At the Rirniingnam meeting , that pacific twaddler , Mr . Josem Stukge _, having entered his " protest against all fighting , " and even ( according to the report ) condemned the Hungarians lor taking up arms , Mr . Mu . ntz , M . P ., delivered a speech which I earnestly commend to your attention—by far the best speech yet delivered in support ofthe Hungarians . Mr . Muxtz observed , that " If the world at largo desired to bo free , it must not only acknowledge the _indspendence of

      Hun" gary , but he ready to go to Avar to secure it . - * * * . * Ho hoped that they " might get the government to acknowledge the in" dependence of Hungary , but he feared they would " do no such thing ; and supposing they Avould do " so , of what use would it be unless thoy Avere pw > - " pared to back it up ? "What was the use of moral " force if physical force was not close upon it ? It " Avas the fear of physical force that gained for thc '' people the Reform Bill . So , in the absence of this " physical force , he feared they were looking for " something that they would not obtain—a recogni" tion ofthe independence of Hungary by thogo" vernment of tbis country . * * *

      " Thc fact was , we had not the pluck to interfere . " Ours atos an emasculated government . There " was no such thing as heroism left amongst us . " Wc were all talk now . A nation of shopkeepers . . " money-getters , and spiritless . * * " * Tho truth was that there was no high 'feeling loft in England . We might talk of the '• heroism of tho Hungarians ; ifc was a thing only " known in name to us ; everything was lost in the " beggarly pounds , shillings , and pence feeling . A 'declaration of sympathy in this matter might be " all _A'ery well ; but > in his opinion , the proper " thing to do would be to call upon our gOA'ernmcnt * ' to declare -war against Russia , if she did not leave

      " Austria and Hungary to settle the quarrel " amongst themselves . ( Cheers . ) " Of course Parson Miall is very wroth with Mr . Mu . _s'i _** . It may be so , but 1 ) 0 takes very good care to keep his wrath to himself . The Nonconformist ot Wednesday contained not a word denunciatory of Birmingham , or its member . Why does not Miall denounce the Birmingham peoplo as "demented ? " Why does he not denounce Mr . _Muntz ' s speech as ' ' sheer contemptible brag , " " as _con . pleto a piece of folly , as downright and stupid a blunder , as physical-force Chartism , or Ledru Rollin Republicanism ? " Will the Dispatch of Sunday next denounco Messrs . Bass and Mad _* _elt * v ? WiU " Publicola " insinuate that

      Mr . Muxtz is a Russian spy , or denounce his speech as " bluster and br . _iggadocia ? " ¦ In one ofhis recent addresses Kossuth thus apostrophises this country : — " Thou haughty English " nation ! Hast thou forgotten that thou bast de" creed the principle of non-intervention , that thou " now sufforesfc an intervention directed against " constitutional liberty ? Not only dost thou not " defend the holy cause of constitutional liberty , " but thou lendest aid to the banner of tyranny by " suffering this coalition of tyrants . The proud

      " pennon ot tne israisn mast is _uireatenoti witn " disgrace . God will withdraw the blessing ho has " lent it , if it prove untrue to tho cause to which it " owes its fame , " And he adds : — " Awake , 0 . Peoplo of Europe ! " On Hungarian ground the battle for the freedom " of Europe is fighting . With this country the free " world will lose a powerful member . In this _na" tion a true and heroic champion will perish . For " we shall fight until Ave spill tho last drop of our " blood , that our country either may become a " chosen sanctuary of freedom , consecrated with ' our blood ; or shall form a damning monument

      " to all eternity in token of the manner in which " tyrants can league to destroy free peoples and free " nations , and ofthe shameful manner in which free " countries abandon ono another !" Reason and reflection , as well as feeling and zeal , bid perseverance in the course I havo adopted . Again I cry unto my Countrymen to do their duty ; to take the side of Humanity and Freedom , no matter at what cost , and strike for Justice , all hazards notwithstanding . Let not History confirm the terrible accusation launched against us by Kossuth that we " lent aid to the banner of tyranny by suffering this coalition of tyrants . " G . JULIAN HARNEY .

      August ICth , 1 _S-19 . P . g . —Thursday ni ght , Twelve o ' clock . —1 have just returned from a magnificent meeting in the aristocratic Assembly llooms , Hanover Square . Mr . Lusiii . _a'oton , M . P . for Westminster , presided , and thc meeting was addressed by Lord Kugext , Lord D-JDi . i * t Stuart , and a host of other speakers , including two Americans : one an "Eniscopalian Clergyman , and the other a Military Ofticcr on his way to Hungary . My reception was ample compensation for the abuse and sneers of the A 1 » ico ) ifonnist and the Dispatch . Thc meeting was , in every sense of the word , " up to the mark . " G . J . II .

      Independence Of Hungary. Great Meeting A...

      INDEPENDENCE OF HUNGARY . GREAT MEETING AT BIRMINGHAM . On Monday afternoon a public meeting , convened in consequence of a requisition to the mayor , was held afc tlie Corn Exchange , Birmingham , for the p urpose of adopting a memorial to the Queen urging the recognition by the British government of the national independence ofthe Hungarian people , and to take such other steps upon the subject as might be deemed advisable . The Mayor ( Samuel Thornton , Esq . ) presided ; amongst the gentlemen on the platform were G . F . Muntz , Esq ., M . P ., Mr . Scholefield , M . P ., Mr . G . Dawson , M . A ., the Rev . Dr . Raphall , Mr . Bray , the town clerk , Mr . Edmonds , clerk of the peace , Mr . Alderman Palmer , Mr . Councillor Barnett , Mr . Councillor Baldwin , Mr . Alderman Martineau , Mr . Alderman Weston , & c , & c . The attendance was

      very numerous , the building being crowded in every part . Mr ; ScnoL-EFiELD / M . P ., moved the first resolution . The hon . gentleman said that this was the third meeting lie had attended on this important subject , and great as'had been his pleasure in doing so , he confessed that it was with oven more infinite satisfaction that he witnessed such a demonstration in Birmingham in favour of those great principles of liberty Avhich were being now asserted in . the persons of the _braA-e Hungarians . The principle of right and wrong was never more strongly marked than in this dispute between Austria and Hungary —for , time out of mind , the Hungarians had had a constitution of their own , their own ministers , their own king ; and ifc was because the Emperor of Austria refused to swear to the Hungarian constitution , the Hungarian people had determined to de « pose tho House of Hapsburg , aud for hia part , ho

      Independence Of Hungary. Great Meeting A...

      said , " God grant they may bo successful . " Some said that the Hungarian constitution was too democratic ; others thought it savoured too much of the old feudal aristocratic principle ; he was disposed to believe that it was little understood in this country ; but one thing was quite certain , that the Hungarians had risen as one man , and declared in favour of a constitution ; and whatever the sovereign people willed , he knew of no human arbiter whatever who had a right to dispute it . ( Cheers . ) There wero two features in this contest deserving of especial notice : one of tiiese was the cruelty with which Austria was carrying on the Avar , and the other the intervention of Russia . Hc was sure that any man who read tlie proclamation of tiie savage Haynau could scarcely find it in soul not to

      denounce the man and tho government Avho employed him , No ono who had any regard for the law of nations , so flagrantly violated by Russia , could say that the time bad not arrived when England should interfere . ( Cheers . ) Ho hoped that tho news of tho recent _victoives by the -Hungarians vjould be fully confirmed ; ami that thereby the fate and the triumph of Hungary would be decided . Let England take her stand in time . He hoped that a strong protest would at once be made by our government against the intervention of Russia , and in acknowledgment of the independence of Hungary . He believed that in a few days a memorial signed by members of all parties in the Ilouse of Commons would be presented to tlie

      government pressing upon it the necessity of acknowledging immediately the independence of Hungary . Boyona the highest considerations there were others , though of minor importance , which made the result ol this struggle a matter of considerable interest to tlie people of this country . In a commercial point of view it Avas impossible to over estimate the advantages that would accrue to England if the Hungarians were successful in their struggle for liberty . Therefore did he call upon them , in the name of humanity , to speak out in this great cause ; in tho name of those noble Hungarians . who were struggling for their independence ; hi the name of the suffering but undying cause of-liberty . The B . ev . Dr . ItAriiALL seconded the resolution .

      Ho strongly denounced tho interference of Russia in this quarrel between Austria , and Hungary . Russia was ( he said ) the incarnation of despotism ; the knout , the axe , and Siberia , these were the instruments of her goA'ernment . Mr . T . II . Gill said , that however enthusiastic and full of _sympathy wc mig ht bc , it often happened that between conflicting individuals and conflicting causes avc hardly knew how to dispose of our sympathy , and where to bestow our enthusiasm , as in the ' best causes there was generally something bad , and in tho worst something good . But here , happily , we were in no such dilemma . Austria Avaa so wholly in the wrong , and Hungary so entirely iu the right ; the Austrian government , so monstrously aggressive an j wanioidy oppressive , and the Hunle calm and the Austrian

      garian peopso forbearing ; mode of warfare so hovvibl _** savage , and tho Hungarian so gloriously merciful and _wojjderfully magnanimous ; thc Austrian generals Avere so delightfully stupid , and charmingly unsuccessful , and the Hungarian leaders so wonderfully successful and victorious , that Ave aro under no necessity of splitting our admiration and dividing our enthusiasm by giving a huge slice to Hungary and a little bit to Austria . It was all given to Hungary , and given by all classes and parties here—Conservatives , Whigs , Radicals . Mr . Joseph Stuiigk next came forward , and said that he concurred in denouncing tlie conduct of the Russians and Austrians towards thc Hungarians ; he concurred , too , in thc prayer of tho memorial to recognise tho independence of _Hungary , and in

      denouncing the oppressive conduct ofthe Austrians towards tho Jews . But as a Christian , he felt called upon to enter his protest against all fighting ; he believed that passive resistance was the best _.-neither could he concur in recognising all that the Hungarians did in the way of taking up arms . Mr . Muxtz , M . P ., in moving thc second resolution , said , that he regarded this as one of the most important questions that had ever been brought under the notice of thc people of this country . It was not because ofthe thousands of our fellow-men who had beon slaughtered , although that Avas bad enough ; it Avas not because of the commercial consideration , although that was important enough ; but the great question was—has a nation that quarrels with its own peoplo a right to call to its aid

      another nation to assist it the moment it-finds itself in difficulties ? If that principle is to bo recognised as a just one , then tliere is an end to all the liberties of tlie peoplo ; because a bad government—and there are a . good many of thorn—may slay and rob its people to any extent , it has nothing to do but call in its nearest tyrannical neighbour , and the people over whom it has tyrannised has no alternative bnt to succumb , * such a principlo would bo in fact to perpetuate thc despot ibm of bad governments in every corner of tho globe . ( Cheers . ) If the world at large desired to bo free , it must not only acknowledge the independence of Hungary , but be ready to go to Avid' to secure it . ( Cheers . ) He was not disposed to throAv cold vrater on the principles Mr . Sturge advocated ; he had as great a horror of war

      as any man , but if a man wanted to kill lum—jf a man broke into his house , and wanted to kill him to prevent a discovery , hc Avould as soon kill that man as he would kill a dog . That was the position of the Hungarians just now : their lives , and thoir propertics , and their liberties were assailed , and tliey stood ii ]) in their own defence accordingly ; and a noble stand they had made . ( Cheers . ) Ho hoped that they mi » ht get the government to acknowledge thc independence of Hungary , but he feared they would do no such thing ; and supposing they would do so , of what uso would it bo unless they were prepared to back it up ? What was the use of moral force if physical force Avas not close upon it ? It Avas thc fear of physical force that gained for the poople the Reform Bill . So in the absence of this physical

      force , he feared they were looking for something tliat they Avould not obtain—a recognition of the independence of Hungary by the government of this country . What had been done in other cases ? England had only ventured to interfere Avith some beggarly country , that was utterly powerless . Look at Portugal — Avhat had been done there ? Why , as soon as the people got an advantage over the government of that infamous Queen the British fleet interfered to protect thc sovereign , and the consequence was that the government remained as despotic aud tyrannical as ever . Here the question was the principle of one nation being permitted to interfere with , iho other ; was England prepared to support any recognition of the independence of the Hungarians by moans of

      arms ? So . Tho fact _ivas , wo had not the pluck to interfere . Ours Avas an emasculated government . There Avas no such thing as heroism left amongst us . We were all talk now . A nation of shopkeepers , money-gcttcrs , and spiritless . ( Cry of "So . " ) The timo would come when they would regret that this country had not interfered to assist thc Hungarians in this struggle , that would bc Avhen the _barrior against an incursion __ from the Russian barbarians would be loss than it was just now , and when it might be of vital importance to this country that thc tide of these incursions should be turned . ( Hear . ) And upon whom were we to depend ? Was it the French ? Ko . What did wc do with respect to the recent exploits of the French at Rome ? Why we stood by and looked on whilst

      thoso cowards , who had just obtaiuod their own rights , . were trampling dowii the people of that small state who were so nobly struggling for theirs . ( Hoar . ) The truth was , that thore was no high fooling loft in England . Wo might well talk of the heroism of tlie Hungarians ; ifc was a thing only known in name to us ; everthing was lost in thc beggarlv pounds , shillings , and pence feeling . A declaration of sympathy in this matter might be all very woll ; but / in his opinion , tho proper thing- to do would be to call upon our government to declare war _against Russia , if she did not leave Austria and lluno-ary to settle the quarrel amongst themselves . ( Cheers . ) This was what it would come to ultimately , and something worse . ( Hoar . ) Why whore was this sort of thing to end ? Suppose that next

      year Russia wanted some slice of territory or other , of course Austria would be bound to assist in obtaining it . In fact they would allow this sort of thing to go on until they would be obliged to go to war to defend their own interest . It was Utopian at present to talk about doing without soldiers if thev wanted to preserve their own liberty . He would go any length to carry out t he principle of economy ; but he would never leave the country to bo pounced upon by the despots of the world . He went thc full length of the resolution hc had moved , and he only wished it had gone a great deal further . Mr . Dawson . M . A ., next rose and said : Somo years ago , Hungary had a party who did for it what the Whigs did for England in their palmy davs . before that -party became but a sexton ,

      guardins ; the ashes of mighty ancestors , or an Old Mortality keeping fresh tho annals of olden time , but adding nought thereto ; Hungary , too , had its radical party , and when thc French revolution of 1848 shook Europe , Kossuth and his party pushed on the greatest reform . Such was the character of those reforms , that none need fear that in now supporting the Hungarians he is aiding thc cause of feudalism , religious persecution , or peasant oppression . The question is , what arc ayo to dos In answering it , I shall differ from Mr . _Sturgo and from Mr . Muntz . I loathe war , but I cann & t yet say that it must never be undertaken . Many of us

      feel in a strait , and in all difficulties it is best to state the difficulties plainly . We hate Avar , and wehate oppression : we could not go to war , and yet wo cannot say that a caso may not arise when tho protection of the helpless , the defence of the weak , may not call _ft-c it . God forgive , if I am _wifong , but I cannot say that in no case must tho sword be drawn . Itis said that we should be careful not to weaken Austria , that we want a strong kingdom , so placed , as a barrier against Cossaokism . Wc do ¦ want such a barrier—we Avant a free state thero , but Austria ia uot tha -barrier , aad now sold to

      Independence Of Hungary. Great Meeting A...

      Russia , can never serve as such . Let the sceptre depart from Austria , she has Isccn an unfaithful servant , let her power be given to another . Make Hungary our buhvark-i n days of old the crescent was checked by Hungarian heroism , let tbo llussian bear be muzzled by it too . I need not dwell upon the mode in which this war Las been carried on : the cries of scourged women , tortured children , and harmless priests have pierced our can . A HnVnau exists to show the 19 th ccnturv what were the ' _barbarities of olden times . Our present dutv is to enable Kossuth to say : Hungarians , the _English nation has pronounced your cause to be just ? tho men of Milton ' s isle cheer vou on ; and then I know each arm will strike Avith double force , each board will beat with quickened glow . The praise oftho English people is no light matter , this then we

      emphatically give , and with equal energy we loathe and condemn Russian tyranny and Austrian cruelty . The emperor of Russia is defied , he dreams as ho will of his " mission "—if hc is to be the saviour of the west it must bc by annihilating- as . ( Cheers . ) The remaining speakers were Mr . Langford ( who was much applauded ) , Mr . Mason , Mr . Councillor Baldwin , Mi * . Partridge , Mr . Councillor Barnett , and Mr . Alderman Weston . Tho mceDJng called upon the worthy alderman to read fvom the Daily Aews the latest accounts from Hungary , De at once complied , and the intelligence therein contained was received with much applause . The proceedings terminated with a vote of thanks to the mayor , who sympathises warmlv with the Hungarians in their struggle for independence

      Great Meeting At Derby. One Ofthe Larges...

      GREAT MEETING AT DERBY . One ofthe largest and most enthusiastic meetings over held in the town of Derby to & k place in the Town-hall , on Monday evening . " The li . ill and cor * ridors were crowded in every part , and hundreds went away unable to get within hearing . Tlie meeting _wasconvcued by the mayor , in compliance *> vitll a requisition signed by men of all _parsies—clergy * men and dissenting ministers , Radicals and Tones . The object -was to unite with tho citizen * * of Loudon , and other towns , in an expression of sympathy with the ' Hungarians , and to conaidor tho

      propriety of addressing a memorial to government . Tho Mayor presided , and tho speakers included Mr . Bass , M . P . for the borough , the Rev . C . P . Shepherd , the Rev . Mr . Stevenson , Mr . Alderman Moss , Mr . Alderman Mozley , Mr . Councillor Madelev , and Mr . Councillor Fogg . Mr . Bass ' s speech excited great enthusiasm , which was much increased by tho speech of Mr . Madeley , who advocated diree !; armed intervention in favour of Hungary . The resolutions and the memorial to the Queen " were _unanimously adopted .

      7 * Carlisle. We Have Veeeived A Lettor ...

      7 CARLISLE . We have veeeived a lettor from Mi * . Kydd , _-wliich we are sorry we cannot find room for . Mr . Kydd informs us that a crowded meeting of thc inhabitants of Carlisle , convened to sympathise with tho Hungarians , waa held in the Atlicnajum , on _JEsn * day last . Joseph Ferguson , Esq ., in the chair . Several excellent resolutions were unanimously adopted , and the-proceedings were altogether ofa most enthusiastic _eharactoi-.

      Towelt Hamlets. On Wednesday Evening A L...

      TOWElt HAMLETS . On Wednesday evening a _lai- _' _-e meeting of tlis residents was held at thc Butlers' Arms Inn , Bethnal Green-road , for the purpose of expressing sympathy with tho Hungarians , and aiding them " in their present struggle for independence . Mr . Ilobinson was called to the chair , and resolutions and ft petition to tho Queen hi favour of Hungarian independence were unanimously adopted _.

      Great Meeting In Westminster . A Meeting...

      GREAT _MEETING IN WESTMINSTER . A meeting of tho inhabitants of Westminster _whoarc friends to the cause-of Hungary took place on Thursday evening at the Hanover-square Rooms , which wero filled to overflowing . There were several ladies present . In front of thc platform were hung four small banners , bearinir the following in large character **' - -. " _* Bem the Invincible ;" " Kossuth and Independence-. " " Batthyany and Freedom ; " ' Dembinski and Victory ;" ' while two others were suspended from the chandelier at either side , bearing the names ' * Paskiewitch" and " Jellachich" inverted .

      Mv . L \* SMXCt _* DN _, M . P ., having been called to tho _cli'iir , said it was impossible to read thc public prints without having the mind raised and delighted by the narrative ofthe noble struggle iu which the Hungarians wero now engaged . ( Cheers . ) He saw ifc mentioned in ono of the newspapers that amongst 200 Hungarian prisoners taken by the Russians , there were 130 grey-headed old men , and eight boys under twelve years of age .. ( loud cheers . ) There was one point on whicli they might possibly not bo unanimous . According to his conviction , it " was impossible to carry their sympathy for the Hungarians too far ; but he observed that , iii a meeting of this description , some who attended it had been carried away by enthusiasm , hc might

      say by delirium , to express a wish to go to war . ( Tremendous _checriusj ; fov some minutes , followed by " one cheer more . '"'" ) Did that mean that they Avould go to Avar ? ( The question was answered affirmatively by renewed and still more vigorous cheering . ) Then they Avould make allowances for him if Jie differed frciii them . They should recollect that they were calling for a reduction of tho national expenditure , and that their peace establishment already amounted to £ 50 , 000 , 000 a year . ( A voice : " We should not have any more to pay if _ivo went to war . " ) He would say that if thoy urged . ' the government to go to war they would rue it for centuries to come . ( Hear . ) Lord Nuoe . vti'oso , amidst much cheering , to

      _movotlio following resolution - : — •¦ 'Ihat this meeting _, watches witli intense interest the progress of tho present struggle of the- Hungarian people for the right of self-government , whieh they have long and wisel y exercised , a ri ght to which they arc entitled by the constitution of their country , and which thoy have proved themselves eminently qualified to enjoy by the possession of moral , social , and political virtues , unexcelled by any other country in continental Europe . " He then gavo a brief history of Hungary , and vividly depicted tho enormous atrocities perpetrated by the Austrian army , which drew forth bursts of indignation . Till very , lately ,

      said Lord Nugent , this cause had not been fairly laid before the mind of thc English people .. ( Hear , hear . ) Tho English mind on this subject had been abused and evil dealt with . ( A voice : ' " The Times , " groans and hisses . ) It has beon abused and evil dealt with by a calumnious and prostitute press . ( Groans . ) The most enthusiastic cheers were given on naming thc victories gained by the _Hungal'iansj under their gallant leaders , and cheers were also given to the managers and chairman ofthe Penin _. snlar and Oriental Steam-packet Company , who had conveyed ths Hungarian refugees at Folks tone , to their country at a charge involving a decided loss to tho company .

      Mr . Wyld M . P ., in seconding ihe -sesolution said : He thought thc time for mere sympathy and speaking in reference to Hungary was past . ( Cheers . ) It was a great question not merely between Hungary , Austria , and Russia , but ifc was a question of European civilisation . ( Cheers . ) , Great and noble and daring as were the efforts -jf the Hungarian people , they were uot fighting tou themselves lone , but for the independence of Europe . Tho Russian emperor had thrown down the gauntlet as thc advocate of despotic principle ? , and ho was convinced ifc was tho duty of the English people in _oonj-iiietion witli America , to take it up . As was said by _Hudibras : " Sympathy without nelief

      Is like to mustard without beef . ( Loud cheers . ) Ho wanted the English people to speak in intelligible language to the Austrian and Russian cabinets . He wanted them to . call upon the English government to act towards Hungary as they had done towards tlio- Queen of Spalii , and then thoy Avould be able to see- whether _thciie were not many Englishmen ready to join in establishing a powerful kingdom , ( _dlhcers . ) lie hoped some strong representation _wi-wld be made _^ o the government , showing that there were many of our fellowcountrymen passim * away their existence in indolence , who Avould gladly take up _arais to assist in tho noble struggle oftho Hungarians against Russian intervention and Austrian tvranny . ( Cheers . ) ,

      Mr . RoL \ s » Al _^ os , and the J _& v . J . Richmond ,. ef the Episcopal Church , in Ameaica , also spoke to the resolution , Avhich was carri-Qd Avith enthusiasm , An address Avas then read to ths Hungarian gcoplc . Lord _Dudley _Stuaut moved ; ihe next _resection : — " That this _meeting looks , witli unmitigated abhorrence on tho joint effort * of thc Austrian and * Russian monarchs to extinguish tho freedom of a gallant nation h the blood . _» f its brave iph _' _abitante . That the infamy ofthe _invasion is ouly equalled by tho atrocious , cruelties marking the _progress of tho invaders , and that the .- address jus ! - , read , e . wessivc of our admiration and _sympathy be forwarded to the brave men of _Bingary with ihe least possible delay . "—He showed- thc advantages that would

      arise to England by her _trading with _llujigary , stated tho produce- ofthat country , and called upon the poople _gene-atly to assist , in getting up > a subscription on botaJtf of that gaUant nation . He was warmly _applr-wlwl . Mr . _Tnou * seconded tho resolution , Juliax IUrvev , who kid been repeatedly called for by the- _woeting , deUvcred a speech in which he denounced the " lrio » dly relations " of tho English government with tW tyrants of Europe ; and advocated armed intervention iu aid of Hungary , based on tho recognition of that country ' s independence . Mr . Harney ' s speech excited tho most enthusiastio applause . Resolutions approhatory of that portion of tho press which hadhonestlv advocated tho Hungarian cause , and also ofthe Directors of tho Tenmsui ar Company , -wove earned . A vote of thanks was passed to tho chairman , and the meeting

      Separjieo *-; Yf J Z£~Ijl . ¦/ ^ Ifite Y...

      _separjieo _* - ; yf J z _£ ~ _iJL . ¦/ _^ Ifite y i y ) i . ccA ) . ¦ - ¦¦ • «¦ _- ¦¦ 'J ' Jf _** i * _luf f ~ - _t

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 18, 1849, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_18081849/page/5/