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Northern Star (1837-1852), 18th August 1849, Edition 3 of 3, Page 4, PUBLIC HEALTH.—THE CHOLERA. CoHsiderablo...

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    • THE J0KTHEM STAB SATUJSDAY, AUGUST IS, 1849.
  • Adverts (7)
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      Of Entswhich Is Constantl Al-Gust 18, 18...

      _Al-gust 18 , 1849 . 4 THE NORTHERN STAR- —i _^— - ' : " _. _.. . _. ''

      Ad00413

      -n _-y _jLTlSH EMPIRE _FREEHOLD LAND AND BUILDING SOCIETY , J j On an Adrance your Rent is Saved , —you become your own Land and Householder . _Rctron _:. —T . S . - _Di-j-co-aBE _j _EsQ ., M . P . T . _W-uoet , Esq ., _M . P . B . B . Cabbell , Esq ., M . P . X . J . Haxsabd , Esq ., M . r Rankers . —The Commercial Bank of London ( Branoli ) , 6 . Henrietta Street , Covent Garden . i- ? r . dfi . na . _ To afford the means of _purchadn- _; both Freehold terest than is yielded by ordinary modes of investment _, and Leasehold Properties or Land . _^ _rJ- ~ To _eiwWe Parents to make Endowments for tlieii ariL-To » _te _*™ _^ -S _*^ on Proper ly beld by _£$£££ HUrtands fOT their _^ * _OT _fe _«*»*¦* jncnibLis . 7 th . —To purchase a piece of Freehold Land of sufficient 4 th . —T « enable "Mortgagors being members to redeem Talue to give a legal title to a County "Vote for Members oi " _aeir Mor tgages . Parliament _Szcnas L—By joining this section every person in town or country can become the proprietor of a House and Land in liis o . v * - neig hbourhood , without being removed from his friends , connexions , or the present means Mmself and family _mayliaveofgainUisanTC -lihood . SechosIL—To raise a capital by shares to purchase Estates , erect Dwellings thereon , and divide the Land into allotments from half-an-acre upwards , in or near the towns ofthe various branches of the society . The property to be the _tma-ijide freehold ofthe member after a term of years , fi-om Hie date of location , according * o his subscriptions . Stxnos UL—Saving or Deposit section , in wliich members not wishing to purchase are enabled to invest small sums , receiving interest at thc rate ef five per cent per annum , on every sum of 10 s . and upwards so deposited . SAL . £ 503 wiU be advanced to the members of tlie first Section in November next , when all persons who have and mav _l-rcome members for Shares , or parts of Shares , on or before the ith of . November next , and who pay six months ' _sutecii-osions ia advance , or oiherwise , will be eligible for an advance .

      Ad00414

      ALSO , a IHE UNITED PATRIOTS- AND PATRIARCHS' BENEFIT SOCIETIES . Enrolled pursuant to Act of Parliament Thus securing to its members the protection of the law for their funds and propertv . Legalised to extend over the United Kingdom , with the privilege of appointing Medical Attendants , Agents , £ < L An opportunity is now offered to healthy persons , up to Forty Years of Age , of joining these flourishing _Insth-Ations in toirn or country . " _Lovki / V Office . —13 . Tottenham Court , Kew Road , St Pancras ( _i-hirteenth house eastward from Tottenham Court-road ) . * Daniel Whuah _Hufft , Secretary . Patrons . —T . S . _DcscosujE , Esa , iLP- T . V fAsixs , Esq ., M . P . B . B . _Cabbeii-, Ess ., M . P . F . O'Cossob , Esc , iLP . L . J . Hassabd , Esq . In the short space of Five years these societies have paid the following benefits to their members . SCMJIABr or _8 IALHS , £ _s . d _. Sickness and Superannuation .. .. .. .. 3 _. 4 SG 1-1 7 Accouchments .. .. .. ., ., 1 , 003 0 0 Funerals .. .. . ; .. .. .. 901 4 9 Loss by Fire .. .. .. .. .. 53 2 0

      Ad00415

      Iden Hat over the dooi GOLDEN HAT MART . A Good and Fashionable Hat is of the utmost importance as regards Personal Appearance . THE PUBLIC "WILL DO "WELL TO TISIT ECKERSLEY'S CELEBRATED HAT MART . "Wliero tliey may be suited in every respect both as to Price and Quality , AT _ECKEIiSLEI'S , 25 , CRO WN-STREE T , HALIFAX . Observe !—The Large Golden Hat over the door .

      Ad00416

      TBX _CnEATESI EWTION -EVER _rCBUSHED . Price Is . Cd ., A new and elegant edition , with Steel Plate of the Author , of _P / _lIBE'S PBLIT _10 AL V / _OOKS . "Sew Keady , a "Kew Edition ot IP . _G'GflNfiOB'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS

      Ad00417

      _RUTTUEES EFFECTUALLY CURED "WITHOUT A _THUSSJ ! J—Dr . _GUTHRET Laving ben eminently successful in the cure of Ituptures , now offers bis remedy to the public In every case of Itupture , Lowever desperate or long-standing , a CUKE is GUARANTEED ' . vithout the use of any Truss whatever . It is easy and _a , _uple in use , perfectly painless , and especially applicable ibr both sexes ofall ages . Sent free on receipt of Cs ., iy Post-office order or stamps , by Dr . HE * _fliy GUTnREl ' , C , _Aaipton-strect , Gray _' s-inn-road , London . At home daily , Ten till One . _Tjr . _<** . has received testimonials from all the most eminent of tiie faculty , as well as from hundreds of patients ¦ who have been cured , mid his Discovery being used at the _liuspiials in Englaud and on the Continent , is a sufficient guarantee of its efficacv .

      Ad00418

      EUP TURES _EFFECTUALLY CURED - _iVTTIIOUT A T 11 USS!—CACTIOX . —DB . WALTER DS r . _qo-5 , l _, Ely-nlace , _Itolborn-lifll , London , still continues to supply the afflicted with his celebrated CGRE for SIXGLE or DOUBLE RUPTURES the efficacy of Which is now too well established to need comment . It is _e-isv in application , causes no inconvenience whateva _* . and ' will "be sent post free , on receipt of Gs . Gil , by _Tosi-offiec Order , © r Stamps . Dr . D . R . has a great numher of old trusses left behind by persons cnresl , as trophies of his immense success , which lie wiU almost give away to tiiose who like to wear them . Hours—ten tfllone morning , and fi-om four SUejgbt evening . _^ ~ Ir has < _joite cored the person for whom yon sent it , aad you ivill be so good as to send two for other persons I know . "—Rev . IL Watson , Higham Ferrers . SJx . Inquiry will prove the fact that , no remedy is empioved at any " Hospital in England , Prance , or elsewhere , Ms _' bthigfte _ojilurcMiodylaiowii .

      Ad00419

      rpHE HEAL CAUSES OF THE A- Poverty and Degradation suffered by thc masses in _aUEin'opeancounti-ies is—private _pi" 0 ]* erty in land- the shutting out of the working classes from the advantages of -national credit ; a restrictedand usury-breeding currency ; and the _xcant of * an eqnita"ble system of _excliange among the wealth producers . Uelieving these facts , the Eclectic _Cuat , meeting at 7 i _JCeuinan-street , _earn-stly invite public attention to the political and social _"BE-FOEMES . " Pr ice , One Penny . Published every week by Tickers , _Holywdl-streei . Edited by J . 13 . _O'Ukiev , D . A . ; who also devclopes the _sameviewsin lectures every Friday evening , at the Institution , John-street , and at T 2 , Scw man-street , on Sunday evenings , at eight o'clock ,

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      Sheffield —On Sunday Evening Last, Mr. I...

      Sheffield —On Sunday evening last , Mr . It . Otley delivered a lecture in the Democratic _Terapera-iee _ITotel , 33 , Queen-street , on priestly influence being the greatest bulwark of despotic _gOVCl'u--meiiis . At the close of the lecture , a meeting of the _lneriioers-was held to consider the hest means of _re-organising the movement in Sheffield , when fifteen ot thc most prominent men in the town were duly elected to the council , who f rom their animated _appearanse promise to place Chartism , in Sheffield second to no place in England . The election of _flfer _™* , _^ _vx _^ er , ic-vas defened to _xoom _^ _tK _? ' _^ . _^» t » held in the above Oafv _v £ m £ ° _T ? _? - discus _« on in which Messrs . _£ > _Sf *• _^ ep as usual , at half-past seven o clock on Sunday evenin" next _*««« .- - i . " _CniPi'iECAii- _. _SS _, _Golden-lane . _~ At the memhers ' -meet _* h _^ _onJuesdavevenin , £ _3 £ _SSSSi io the Tictim Fund , and 6 s . to the . Executive _luad

      Iden Hat Over The Dooi Hat Over The Door

      Iden Hat over the dooi Hat over the door

      Tile Royal Etcuixgs. To Ihe Editor Of Tu...

      TILE ROYAL _ETCUIXGS . TO IHE EDITOR OF TUE _SOniHEnX STAH . Sin , —I take the liberty of forwarding to you the following particulars , referring to matters' wliich have recently transpired in connexion with the affair of the " Royal Etchings , " and the oppressive proceedings instituted against ine in lier "Maicsty ' s High Court of Chancery . The Prince Consort has furnished me with his hill of costs in the suit his Koyal Highness instituted against me . The Prince ' s bill of costs , alone , which his Royal Highness hag called upon mc , as a ' pauper , " to pay , amounts to between £ 300 and £ 400 ! It will be recollected that ,-when the cause came on for heaving , before Vice-chancellor _Kni'"ht Bruce , on thc 1 st of June , the Prince ' s _counsel _Ithn

      Solicitor-General ) stated , that his Royal Highness had abandoned all claim against Air . Strange for costs ; that , in point of fact , as regarded Mr . Strange , the Prince would tax all his own costs , and not call upon Mr . Strange to pay one single penny . This " act of grace , " as it was presumed to be , on the part of the Prince Consort , was highly extolled as an exhibition of great kindness and forbearance on the part of her Majesty's husband . But what are the facts ? They are these : — His Royal ni ghness has obtained an " order , " ¦ whieh lias been duly served upon me ( and which I must comply with , although the Prince knows I am a pauper , and without a- penny , or go to prison ) , calling upon me to 2 > ay tlie very costs lie abandoned in the case of Mr . Strange ; and for doing which he was so highly complimented !

      I have extracted only four items from the extravagant and ruinous bill bf costs the Prince Consort has obtained an " order " for me to pay , so that may be seen the great" liberality" evinced by his Koyal Highness . This bill of costs , in relation to the " briefs , " only , furnished to counsel on behalf of Prince All _/ crt , alone , ( the "briefs" furnished to counsel on behalf of her Majesty is another afiair ) contains the four following rattier extravagant items relating to the proceedings on the 1 st of June : — "Three fair copies thereof [ ofthe £ s . d . ' briefs' ] and of pleadings , _« fcc , for counsel , sixty sheets each . 30 0 0 " May 19 . Paid fee to the Solicitor-General , with brief on hearing , and clerk . . . . . 27 10 0 "PaidfeetoMr . SorgoantTalfourd , with brief , and clerk . . . 27 10 0 " Paid fee to Mr . James , with brief , and clerk . . . " . 22 0 0 " Mating a sum loial for briefs to \ pin . _« _« counsel , for one day only , of J

      The causes came on for hearing on thc 1 st of June . ( I beg your readers' especial attention to dates . ) 1 obtained an order to defend the suits in forma 2 _iaul > eris , on the 22 nd of May . The fees are stated , in this bill of costs , to have been paid to counsel on the I'M of May ; just three days before I was pauperised—thus clearly endeavouring ' to fix me with Mr . Strange ' s costs , as well as with my own ! Who , let me ask , ever before heard of briefs being delivered to counsel , in an old cause ( for it had ° been before tlie court nearly eight months , upon four different occasions ) , for a fortnight previously to the hearing ? It so happens , however , that if these briefs , with their enormously heavy fees , had not been given to Prince Albert ' s counsel until the 23 rd of May , instead of tho 19 th ( as it appears ) , "Field Marshal His Royal Highness the Prince Albert would have had no claim _against a vaimer !

      I attended with my solicitor , on Monday last , by appointment , at the office of the Taxin- _** Master Mi-. "Mills , to tax thc costs of his Roval " Highness ' "When I found that , according to the " ¦• order" Obtained by Prince Albert , Iris Royal Highness very graciously demanded from me Mr . Stranqe ' s costs , as well as nit- own , I said to Mr . Mills— " Mi * . _Strange having been absolved , it now appears that Prince Albert has thrown all Lis own costs upon me . Am 1 so to understand it , Sh- ?"— " Certainlv , " said Mr . Mills . — " Then , " Iobserred _, " his Royal _Highness Prince Albert applies to me to pay Mr . Strange ' s costs , as well as my own ?"— " That is SO , " was the reply of the Taxing Master . — " "Why , Sir , " I said , " it was considered to be an Act of Grace on the part of his Royal Highness Prince Albert , to absolve Mr . Strange from , and to forego , the whole of Ms costs . ' —Mr . Mdls replied , " Then it ' s an Act Of Grace which has not been fulfilled . "

      Thus am I called upon by the Prince to pav him upwards of £ 300 ; not one penny of which I * compelled Ins Royal Highness to expend ! For what said the representative of Prince Albert , who attended the Taxing Master on thc Prince ' s behalf , and to enforce liis claim against me ? These were his words on Monday last : " At first WC were groping about like a mole in the dark . " I question , very much , if the Prince Consort ' s extraordinary affidavit threw much light-on . the matter . I remain , Sir , your faithful servant , Windsor , Au ? . 8 . Joshua Tomsett Judge .

      Equivocal Cojipumext.—One Ofthe Toasts D...

      Equivocal Cojipumext . —One ofthe toasts drank at a recent celebration was *— " "Woman ! She requires no _eulogy—s / ie speaks for herself . "

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      Fob Mb». M'Dotuu..—Received By Andrew M'...

      Fob Mb » . M'DotUU .. —Received by Andrew M'Fee , So . 0 . Augustine-street , St . Martin ' s Church , Liverpool , from Peter Sulton _, Bolton , £ 1 - 2 s .: six postage stamps from James Barrio , Ashford , Kent . __ . J . Sweet acknowledges the receipt of the following sums ( sent herewith ) ,-lor the Victim Fund , viz : —ill-. Smith , Gd . ; A Friend , 6 d . ¦ The fol & _ow-. vg sums * lve"fc hau < i' ** l over to the Victim Committee : —Finsbury , per R- Allnutt , Is 3 d ; Cripplegate , per Brown , proceeds of a raffle for work box , !> s Od ; B . T . Brown , 3 Irs . Applegard , Cd . Jons Lenxox , Preston . —n e havo no room . 35- Press of matter compels us to postpone the following communicat ions until next week : —ltcport of tho Trustees of the National Co-operative Benefit Society -, the letter of Daniel Greaves , O'Connorville ; Mr . Bubb , Charterville ; George Kill , Westminster ; John "Dool'Cr _, Knaresborough ; Manchester Victim Committee ' s Address and Balance-sheet ; George Barnett , Hull ,

      Gateshead ; the Address and Money List for _theningarians of the Locomotive Carnage aud Waggon-makers , South Eastern Hallway . Testimonial to tub _Huxgabians . —The following appeared inthe Sun on Wednesday and Thursday evenings , Aug . 15 th and ICtli : — Four contributions , per Julian Harney : — The Locomotive Carriage and Waggon-makers , South-Eastern Railway , Bricklayers' Arms £ s . d . Station , Old Kent-road .. .. .. 12 !) A few Democrats , Sheffield .. .. 034 A few Nailmakers , Merthyr Tydvil .. ., 0 2 6 Three Democrats , Lynn .. ,, .. 016 The above sums for the Hungarians were handed to the proprietor ofthe Sun by Jlr . Harney on the 14 th inst , Ebbatoil—Acknowledged last week , Kirkdale prisoners , Dalton , three friends , ls . should have been Is . 6 d . Parties in Yorkshire and Lancashire desirous that I should _iec-i turn in their localities must write immediately , and address to the care of Mr . Hudson , Dawsou's-court , Westgate , _Newcastlc-on-Tyne . Samuel Krm * _-,

      Poutrait Of Kossuth, The Emgarian Chieft...

      POUTRAIT OF KOSSUTH , THE EMGARIAN CHIEFTAIN . Wehave succeeded in procuring a life-likeness of the noble Kossuth . It is now in course of progress , and specimens , to which a fac simile of the autograph of the Chieftain will be attached , will be in the possession of our Agents on the 18 th inst .

      To The Electors And Nonelectors Of Notti...

      TO THE ELECTORS AND NONELECTORS OF NOTTINGHAM . M y Feiends , I will meet you at one o ' clock on Monday the 27 th inst . in the Market Square of Nottingham , and , as your servant , I shall be prepared to give an account of my stewardship , and to surrender my trust into your hands if you are dissatisfied with me as your representative ; and I shall also have much pleasure in attending the meeting at seven o ' clock , to * join with you in expressing sympathy for the brave Hungarians ; and I will enable you io decorate your hall with several living likenesses of the brave Kossuth the Hungarian chieftain . I trust that we shall have a good gathering , as I have a great aversion to be tried by packed

      juries . Your faithful friend and Representative , Feakgus O'Conkob

      The J0kthem Stab Satujsday, August Is, 1849.

      THE J 0 KTHEM STAB _SATUJSDAY , AUGUST IS , 1849 .

      Union Is Strength. Wc Trust That The Gov...

      UNION IS STRENGTH . Wc trust that the Government and Aristocracy of this country—who appear to have been , and still to be , in total ignorance ofthe will , the mind , and the power of the middle and the working classes , and who have heretofore based , tho one their legislation , and the other their exclusive privilege and enormous patronage , upon the antagonism of those two orders—we say , we trust that both

      will take timely warning , and gather wisdom and mould future action in harmony with the existing mind of the ago , instead of relying upon what is whimsically termed the "loyalty of the OUTS , " to enable the INS to uphold and preserve a system against which the progressive mind of the age is now fully marshalled , and the continuance of which it will no longer tolerate .

      Upon the antagonism of the veritable middle and working classes—that is , of the mental and manual labourers—both Whigs and Tories have depended to uphold their ascendancy ; and until recently—until devoured b y taxation , and until the shop-keeping class discovered that they could not reduce—nay , make a profit of taxation by tho reduction of wages , but , on the contrary , were the greatest sufferers from the poverty of the MANUAL LABOURERS , they , the shop-keepers—the MENTAL LABOURERS-werepoliticall y , socially—nay , virulently and ignorantly—the greatest opponents of those principles by the adoption of which they have now discovered that both classes—nay , all classes—can be saved from bankruptcy and ruin .

      So long as speculation was open to all , and national wealth was a scramble , all classes had then ' grab . The labourer , until displaced by competitive machinery , was a good customer to all , and was satisfied himself ; but when the giant enemy stealthil y increased in power and magnitude ; and when the tending of machinery by a man , a woman , or a child , produced as much as two thousand hands in

      former days—then the first and most successful speculators became MILLIONAIRES , as if by magic , and the displaced operative as suddenly became a pauper ; and the shopkeeper by degrees became wise , when he discovered the difference between a good , because a well-paid customer , and a pauper-pensioneran unwilling idler—whom he is now compelled to support .

      It has cost us a long life of toil to explain tlie distinction between MONEY-LORDS , who employ labour , and whose whole profits consist in their abilit y to reduce wages ; and tho shopkeeping class , who constitute a majority ofthe electoral body , aud who wholly depend upon the fair remuneration of the labourer . We have shown that machinery came upon us with a hop , step , and jump , and that no laws were made to make it a national benefit until its owners became so politically powerful—as if by magic—that no government could continue to legislate lor its adjustment , until at length it has led to an accumulation of S 3 much

      wealth in the hands of so few—aud wealth governs in this country—that it required the developement of its ultimate consequences to bring the united pressure of mental and manual labour to bear upon the monopolists of power and capital . We have also laboured hard to show , that a well-paid and profitably-employed labourclass at home , would be better customers to our manufacturers , and all other trading classes , than any or all our colonics put together , while the enormous amount of our

      EIGHT MILLIONS a year might be spared in POOR RATES , to support unwilling idlers ; but we knew the difficulty we had to contend against , both socially and politically ; we knew ihat , sociall y , thc MONEY LORDS had recruited the shop-keeping class upon their hostility to the FEUDAL LORDS , inspiring thc belief that the power of that order should bo first destroyed , leaving the GREAT FACT wholly out of sight—namely ' that what the money lords contended for was a " more transfer of power to their ovm hands _* . but as self-interest is the basis of human

      action , we blame them not , bnt we do blame those who allowed themselves to be thus foolishly recruited in such a service ; but we pardon the error to which human nature is liable , and now rejoice that they have discovered the error of their ways , and will go on with the manual labourer , in the noble and peaceful cause of regeneration , and we trust they will SIN NO MOKE . If we required proof—strong and irrefutable proof—of the horror arid dismay with which this HAPPY UNION has _stmek , nay , paralysed , the monopolists of power wo discover it in the comment of ' our sdt ? a- _£ - ? of _P _^ _pnw house SQUARE , upon the _glorious _-flioetw of

      Union Is Strength. Wc Trust That The Gov...

      _SSSe _2 S _^ o I Oar PUPIL endeavours , hke a child , to pick all the small plums out of the pudding as is bis custom ; he would seize upon sentences , which were not meant as pomts-the mere puddling to fill up . a gap-and _would wholly Ls over the material , nay , the only question _Lviz ., Parliamentary Reform as the means , and Financial Reform as the end , Now docs our pup il thus analyze the vague sentences ol toadies ' speeches in the House of Commons ? w _« when he understands them he grapples

      with the strong points . In contending lor tno Charter , we have often declared our greatest difficulty to consist in meeting the foolish _piopliecies of enthusiasts as to what would result fromthe measure ; we have declined giving an opinion beyond this-that it would make the small minority tributary to laws enacted by the representatives-of a large and overwhelming majority , and thus ensure cheap obedience to good laws , made for the mutual benefit of all , instead of expensive and compulsory submission to bad laws , made to uphold the privilege of a fraction . But let us analyse our PUPIL'S theme . We shall commence with hia exordium and

      conclude with his peroration . This is his first sentence—The speeches delivered at tlie aggregate meetimr of the Metropolitan _Farliiuneiitui-y and Financial Reform Association are specimens of tlie extent to which a good cause may suffer in bad hands . Did wo not write for a class who require the strictest definition , not only of our own , but of other men ' s views , opinions , and notions , w _* e mig ht have been satisfied to base the justice , if not the hope , ofthe ultimate success of our cause , upon this the first sentence from our pupil ' s theme ? What then haye we here ? The admission that our cause is a GOOD

      CAUSE , but may suffer in BAD HANDS . Admitted ; and upon whom rests the responsibility ? upon those who develope its principles , and contend for their adoption , or upon those who admit its justice , and base then ' opposition upon tho plea or flimsy pretext , that it has fallen into BAD HANDS ? Has not this been the invariable policy of our Whig rulers ? They say , " we admit the justice of your claims ,

      but you do not make your appeal respectfully ;" or the TIME , the DAY—nay , the HOURhas not just arrived for making the concessions you demand—and the justice of which wo are prepared to admit , were your cause in GOOD HANDS . Ah ! Mr . " Times , " the cause is now in the hands of those who will give your Minister the SQUEEZE he asked for , and Mnc ilia lachryma . Our pupil says : —

      In thc more deliberate report , however , of "the Council " upon tlie same subject , we fiiid it announced that by means of a little contrivance "the 40 s . / H _* ncfcise is brought within the reach of every industrious man placed above the struggle for the merest necessaries of lite ; " so that by the operation ofthe very constitution so loudly decried , the highest electoral _privilcs-e is already accessible to the lowest class who can , with any semblance of reason , be held to deserve it . Our pupil has not read Mrs . Glass ' s Cookery Book , because , had he done so , tic would have found that you must catch your hare before you can make your soup . The constitution does not give thc man a fortyshilling freehold ; it only gives a right to vote when ho has acquired it—so ho must first catch his hare . But has tho commentator

      forgotten the main feature of this GOOD CAUSE . Could his DEVILS of Printing House Square possess a forty-shilling freehold , and do then - work at the office , and vote for a county member ; for he it remembered , that forty-shilling freeholders are only county voters ? Could the London mechanics , artificers , and artisans , and those of other towns , become forty-shilling freeholders with benefit to themselves or their order ? No ; and was

      this the whole principle upon which the Association is founded , wo should oppose it with as much vigour as we now support it , and for the plain and simple reason , that if carried out alone , as the means of ensuring Parliamentary Reform , it would but tend to strengthen the feudal system and ultimately create stronger and more direfuLfeuds between the agriculturist and mechanical labourer , aud thus tend to weaken the GOOD CAUSE . But afew

      linos further on , our pupil says , the acquisition of such a vote is now easy and sure —MISFORTUNE APART . We think the two last words , " misfortune apart , " will at once show the injustice of making misfortune a protext or justification for with-holding what the constitution does really profess to guarantee . Our pupil goes on : — The operation of the income-tax—that enormous and illdistributed impost—is almost exclusively prejudicial to the middle-classes of society ; nov do we mean to say that our burdens are generally adjusted with all the convenience of which the load is susceptible . But when such points

      as these , instead of " being plainly and soundly urged , are cither wholly overlooked , or altogether misstated , and when the entire delinquencies of the Exchequer are thrown on "tho bishops , Lord Brougham , andthe illegitimate children of Charles II ., " the argument becomes ridiculous , and all the real strength of the case is lost . If people arc enlisted in a causo upon the persuasion that it takes £ 54 , 000 , 000 a-ycar "to govern this country ; " that the Queen •' can be served as cbeaply as the President of the United States ; " that the Ilouse of Commons is composed of " military officers , pensioners , and sons ofthe nobility , "

      and that " by developing the resources of th « country a working man ought to _l-cccit c 30 s . or 40 s . a-day for his work instead of os . or 0 s ., " they must , sooner or later , discover themselves egregiously befooled , and , according to the period when their enlightenment comes , will either desert or destroy the guides they have been induced to follow . How long does Mr . Cobden really think lie could keep company , on "the great question of labour , " with Mr . Feargus O'Connor ? How long does cither of them think a sober-minded audience can be led by such assertions as were made on Monday ?

      The income tax does press hardly , and very hardly , but not most hardly , upon the veritable middle classes , who have uot the power of meeting it by increasing the price of their commodities or by reducing wages ; but it presses most hardly upon those whose , wages are measured by the dependence of an unwilling idle competitive reserve—whose horror of the cold Bastile , and separation from Avife and family and home , will compel thorn to submit to any reduction tho employer thinks proper to make .

      The arguments advanced against this present expensive system were not confined to Bishops , Lord Brougham , and the illegitimate children of Charles II ., but wore legitimately urged agaiust the system . Tho fact of the President of the American Republic receiving no more than 5 , 000 / . a year , was not urged as a reason for reducing the salary of the Queen to that amount ; it was adduced , and legitimately , as a fair test of our expenditure , as compared with a much better governed country .

      Who will deny that the most servile members in the House of Commons—and those having the least interest in the proper application of labour to the developement of the national resources , so long as they can have a pull at the Exchequer on quarter day , or the future hope of it , are military officers , pensioners , and expectant sons of the nobility ? Mr . O'Connor said , "by developing the re" sources of the country a working man , now " receiving 5 s . or Gs . a WEEK , would then " receive 30 s . or 40 s . a WEEK . " . ; Wo now wind up , and clap the climax with our pupil ' s peroration . He says , in _concludinghis comments upon Monday ni g ht ' s proceedings ;—

      Tlie timid will become alarmed , aud the prudent dfe . heartened , and a good causo will be thrown overboardi for thc want of information and foresight * , , Hero we have from first to last our pupil ' s admission that the cause is , good , while he apprehends danger that might be created in the mind of the timid , we presume , by the over enthusiasm of the people . But if the cause is GOOD , why should its accomplishment bo postponed in _consequence of the . timidity of old women ? _Whyshouldthe - Times" not advo-¦ _^ _trl _5 shottld _^ Minister not adopt it *? What description of pressure does Lord John Russ _^ l require to make him squeeze able ? and what phase shall the cause assume to induce , the _Tmrf' to adopt it ? From the article which , w e av . _ecommented , ¥ Qg _? e

      Union Is Strength. Wc Trust That The Gov...

      the future foreshadowed ; wesee that our cotemporary , stiiiwishingto T _™« r _^ _*^ daucy , would lick the movement into the shape which might insure his co-operation and the destruction of the GOOD Ci _^ SE for ou readers may rest assured that the time s not far distant when the columns of our pupd _^ wiU ring with self-laudation for having _estabhshed this holy union between the middle and w _orbing- classes , which must , andthat eve long , insure the success of the GOOD CAUbJii .

      Public Health.—The Cholera. Cohsiderablo...

      PUBLIC HEALTH . —THE CHOLERA . CoHsiderablo and genera , ! alarm has been excited by the renewed visitation of Cholera to this country . That valid grounds for such alarm exist thero can he no doubt , and we are by no means desirous of underrating the actual danger of the crisis , or of . deprecating every possible and necessary precaution that can be adopted with the view of preventing the spread of this dreaded disease .

      There is , however , an Eastern apologue which appears to us very applicable to all such cases . A traveller leaving Cairo met the Plague on its way to that city . " Where are you going ? " asked the traveller . "To Cairo " was the answer . " What to do ?" "To kill 3 , 000 . " "Sometime afterwards the traveller encountered the Plague coming from Cairo-aud said : " You killed 30 , 000 instead of 3 000 ' " " No / ' was the rejoinder , "I killed 3 , 000 , Fear killed all tho others . " There can be no doubt that in many cases the influence of fear has acted most fatally during the present epidemicand we cannot help

      , thinking that the publication of alarming and exaggerated reports of the prevalence of the disease , and the full details of inquests supplied bythe indefatigable " penny-a-liners , " to whom such occurrences are perfect godsends , has very materially and causelessly increased the public trepidation . Some of the measures adopted by Parochial bodies , in the well-meant endeavour to check the spread of the disease , have aided in no small degree in producing this

      effect . We know instances in whicli a certain allowance in money is made for every Cholera case reported to the Board of Guardians . Now every one knows that at this season of the year there is invariably an increase of cases of ordinary dysentery and of mortalit y from ordinary causes , and there can be no doubt but that under such a stimulus many additions havo been made to the lists of deaths by Cholera , which , if strictly examined , ought never to have been so reported or classified .

      Even with all this exaggeration , the deaths , relatively to the aggregate population in the Metropolis , at least , have been comparatively small . The hi g hest number of deaths attributed to cholera per day , we believe , amounts to 150 ; on many days they did not amount to 100 . Now , taking the population at 2 , 000 , 000 , that will give a mortality of not more than one in 10 , 000 , while the highest weekly return is : under 1 , 000 . No doubt the average number of deaths for the season has been raised by the visitation of the epidemic , but the total excess

      is , after all , so small , that , we see no reason for the . exccssive alarm that has been created , and whicli seems to have been got up more for the purpose of putting money into the pockets of tho medical profession than anything else . When the mortality we have named is contrasted with that caused by the visitation of the Plague , in the months of August aud September , 16 G 5 , it shrinks into utter insignificance . The whole resident population of London at that period cannot bo

      rated higher than 400 , 000 ; while it was estimated that the mortality , in ono week , was 10 , 000 ; and the bills of mortality—confessedly incorrect and incomplete as they were—give a total mortality of 38 , 195 , in five successive weeks : so that one-tenth of thc whole inhabitants perished in little moro than a month . If the ravages ofthe Cholera had been on the same scale , the number of deaths returned last week would have been about 41 , 000 ; whereas , tlie deaths returned reached only 1 , 967 . from all causes .

      While wc deem it our duty to urge those facts in mitigation of that extreme aud exaggerated feeling of alarm Avhich has been undul y excited , thero are , however , obvious considerations connected with the subject which must not be passed over . It is now seventeen years sinco the Cholera last visited this country , and it is by no means creditable tothe national aud local authorities , that all our towns should have in the interval made

      scarcely any progress in the improvement of their sanitary condition . Thore has no doubt been a " great cry" on the subject ; but , as in too many instances , it has been followed by awfully "little wool . " Yet , if there is one thing upon which the varying authorities on the subject all agree—it is , that Cholera is a preventibh and removable disease , The conditions upon which its manifestation and its virulence , or comparative innocuousness , depends , have been generall y laid down by those who have written upon the subject . The absence of good sewerage and

      drainageof au abundant aud constant supply of fresh water—of themeansofmaintainingcleanliness , and providing a copious supply ef fresh air to the dwellings of the poor : these have all been repeatedly insisted upon , until the ear andthe eye are wearied by their repetition . But we are a strange people . We can for years admit the existence of an evil , aud having the remed y iu our own hands neglect to apply it . In local and municipal , as in general politics , ta l k is substituted for action . Words are easily found , but real , honest work costs some exertion . Ir i the Health of Towns Acts which have received the sanction of the Legislature , there is invariably some hitch or other wliich renders them

      comparatively useless . Their framers are afraid of grappling with the" privileged classes , who have an interest in maintaining existing abuses . Hence the tenderness with which the monster evil of intramural burials has been invariabl y treated . Deadly as the poisonous exhalations may be which arise from cesspools , aud the imperfect drainage of large aggregations of houses , manufactories , mews markets , slaughter-houses , -Sic , thoy are comparatively harmless , when contrasted witli thomephitic audlife-destroyinggases which emanate from the town grave-yard . Yet , because clergymen , vestry-clerks , and others , havo a vested interest in the maintenance of this crowning abomination , it is allowed to continue almost

      untouched , aud any regulations enacted with reference to it , are mere shams . For the sake of the fees , the parsons are allowed to poison their fellow-men by "wholesale . Such visitations as the present give weight and emphasis to any observations on sanitary questions which is not accorded to them in ordinary times . - It is now seen by the wealth y and powerful classes , that in suffering the existence of general causes of ill-health , they are , in reality , exposing themselves to danger . They find that the pollution of the whole atmosphere of a large town cannot be allowed

      with _impunity that . Cholera and Typhus find ' their way into elegant drawing-rooms and _l'ichly-f urnished mansions , as readily as they do into the dwellings and overcrowded lodging _. housea of the poor . This has been shown during the present visitation of Cholera in a very marked manner . It is by no means a respecter of persons , and by striking down _sneh men as Mr . Justice Coltman and others ' it-reads a solemn lesson to that class for their neglect of the general sanitary arrangements by- which alone the public health can be maintamed in a satisfactory state .

      In theso matters Government and individuals must co-operate , and each should understand their proper sphere of action . It is beyond the power of individuals to control the drainage , sewage , flushing , trapping , and other measures by which the continual accumulation

      Public Health.—The Cholera. Cohsiderablo...

      of unhealthy agents , which is constantly going on in a town , may be effectually removed and neutralised . That must bo entrusted to collective aud legalised effort , but atthe samo time each individual has it in his power by personal cleanliness—by careful attontfon to the ventilation and neatness of his own _dwelling- — and , above all , by strict habits of regularity in diet and regimen , to diminish the virulence and the spread ofthe epidemic . How the disease originates , and what is its real nature , the _me-, __ -T ;

      dical profession have not yet discovered—or , at all events , not yet agreed upon , but they are unanimous as to the preventive and removable powers of tho conjoint agencies we have briefl y enumerated , anl we trust that these remark - } will have the twofold effect of inducing close attention to personal and domestic cleanliness , and of producing such a general and vigorous demand for effective Sanitary Keforms , that no Ministry—no party of obstructives , however powerful—will he able to withstand it .

      Grand Metropolitan Demonstration In Favo...

      GRAND METROPOLITAN DEMONSTRATION IN FAVOUR OF PARLIAMENTARY REFORM . The new movement for Parliamentary Reform has taken firm root . At the outset it had to encounter the supercilious silence , or contemptuous sneers of opponents , and to overcome the apathy and lukewarmness of professed friends . In addition to these usual accompaniments to all new enterprises , it waa commeuced among a portion ofthe population the most difficult to move in masses , and the least liable to spontaneous and general excitement in the whole country . London—which

      is almost always the last to take an active part in any popular agitation , and which has , on many occasions , proved the grave of vigorous and thriving movements originated in the provinces— -has , in this instance , proved the birthplace of what is certain to become a great national association . The Metropolis ia _effectually roused , and has declared , unequivocally , its adhesion to the plan of Parliamentary Reform ultimately decided upon by the leaders , as that which is equally practicable and moderate ; and will , at the same time , secure the largest amount of popular support .

      The originators of the agitation have judiciously enlarged then * original propositions , and held out the hand of friendship and sympathy to those whom they knew to go farther than themselves . They said to the Chartists , " Concession is not compromise . Wo are at present unable to agree with your views , but as far as we go we proceed in the samo direction as yourselves . Let there be no counteraction , but let us all travel together , as far as our path lies the same way . We do not say that you must stop when you get there ; and it is obvious , that our points gained , you will be in a much better position than you are now ,

      for prosecuting such further representative reforms as may then be just and necessary . " To these overtures the working classes havo returned an equally honest and friendly reply . They have not disguised their belief that anythingshortof a Manhood Suffrage , accompanied by the political machinery laid down in the People ' s Charter , will fail either to do justice to tho people or to secure good Government . They have openly proclaimed their own determination not to stop short ofthat goal ; but , in the meantime , they have judiciously and heartily united their forces with the middle classes for the purpose of securing an intermediate measure of representative improvement .

      To this great and gratifying fact—the restoration of good feeling and union between the middle and working classes , we mainly attribute the steady and rapid progress of the movement in the Metropolis . Its continuance and extension _Ihroughout the provinces will most assuredl y herald a speedy and a triumphant issue . It was the union of theso two important classes which carried the Reform Bill , and no matter what the party or who the meu that may be in office , they will be utterly unable to withstand the mighty and resistless power which they will again exert when thus cordially united .

      Thc judicious manner in which the opening campaign of the Association has been conducted , deserves credit also as having in no small degree contributed to the gratifying progress which has already been made . In the first instance District Metropolitan Meetings were held iu the largest buildings that could be obtained , and public opinion freely and fairly tested upon the question . Having thus in detail received the adhesion of every metropolitan borough , except Westminster , a grand aggregate meeting was held in that ancient city on Monday night , on which occasion ono of tho most brilliant .

      numerous , and enthusiastic assemblages , ever congregated within tho walls of Drury-lane Theatre gave in the adhesion of the whole Metropolis to the movement thus auspiciously commenced and carried out . During the palmiest days of tho League , and when all the attractions that wealthy confederacy could command in the shape of eloquence , rank , and influence were collected together , we never saw a more magnificent demonstration of public opinion , and the meeting was all the more satisfactory because it was not brought together by mere extrinsic agencies . It depended not for its numbers upon tho eloquence or standing of tho speakers , so much as it did on the thorough , honest , and hearty appreciation of its great and important objects .

      From such an unequivocal and powerful demonstration of the public opinion of the Metropolis of the empire , there can be no doubt but that the spirit of union , determination , and energy will radiate into the provinces , aud that during tho recess , and previous to the re-assembling of Parliament , the whole nation will have spoken out its decision upon thc question of Parliamentary Reform . The Ministerial journal already perceives in the growing proportions of the new movement the gigantic influence it is likel y to exert , aud has , therefore , betaken itself

      to the congenial task of sneering at the motives , misrepresenting the objects , and exciting , as far as it can , jealousy and disunion among its supporters . The " Times "—with its usual command of Billingsgate—accuses the advocates of the * proposed reforms of "folly and violence , " and charges them with having recourse to "exaggeration and untruth in recommending them . " It affects to see "that 110 unity of purpose or principle reall y existed ( among those who addressed the meeting ) , and that it would be difficult to compose a party o £ more incongruous or explosive elements thai * those which were drawn into momentary _affinit

      y for the experiment of Monday evenin g _^* In proof of this the " Times' * proceeds to . _addtrce the fact , that tho _Chariots openl y avowed their intention to stand by Universal Suffrage , Annual Parliaments , and Payment of Members though none of these points are contained m the plan of the new League . We have already explained the grounds upon which the Chartists , without waiving or _cgku promising a single point o £ their own Charter havo resolved , on giving their support . to a measure which falls short of what they consider a just and final settlement of the- politic _^ _y of the people . So _ffvr , the _& bre , Horn this difference of opinion being likely to _i _cause any " explosion , - the very frankness of

      tne mutual avowals ofthe middlo and workW classes is a guarantee for the permanence of _decUlw _^ - foleible - _^ le attempt to SS ex enc practicability of the modified propositions of the new ass _o ciation , t _^ _La n _- vei'y gener ° _usly proceeds to pro-S _? uV _-T 0 f refora , > aTJd t 0 P ° _^ «* what it tlnnkS > « sober-minded" people ought to be content with ; and having done this , rel iurna to its dirty work of sowing dissension ,

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 18, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_18081849/page/4/