Current:

Northern Star (1837-1852), 18th August 1849, Edition 3 of 3, Page 3, Heroes, —it were well if there were fewe...

Page 3
Page 3
3 of 8

On this page

  • Departments (3)
    • Poptr»
    • Vmttitt
    • TRY ERE YOU DESrAIK. HOLLOWAY'S PILLS. CUKE OF ASTHMA.
  • Adverts (2)
  • Text (12)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      August 38, 1849. The Northern Star. : ^—...

      August 38 , 1849 . THE NORTHERN STAR . : _^—^____^_____ _^ MriM 11 _ __________^__— -- _^— o

      Poptr»

      _Poptr »

      God Speed Thee, Gallant Hungary 3 (From ...

      GOD SPEED THEE , _GALLANT _HUNGARY 3 ( From tbe Sun . ) God speed thee , gallant Hungary ! And aid thee in the fight ; That Freedom wages on thy plains Against oppression ' s mi ght , Tbe banded despots ofthe earth Have loosed the dogs of war , And "Havoc riots at the beck Of Hapsburg and the Czar . From tbe far Ukraine ' s dreary steppes , From Tiber ' s deserts -rast ; The northern legions' war-whoop swells Like thunder in the blast ; Presaging woe and death ; where ' er Their fatal lances shine ; For carnage hovers round their patb , Their watchword and thoir sign .

      And Austria , cruel in her hate , An abject craven thing ; How droops the eagle on her crest ! How cowers his stricken wing ! The shedder ofthe nation ' s blood , Her own she shall not save ; Branded and curs'd , as Europe ' s Cain , An outcast and a slave . "Bnt hark ! what strain the welkin fills , Sonorous , deep , and loud ; Sounding triumphant as the voice Of lightning in the cloud ; Hard by the Danube ' s stream it hursts By vale and forest dim ; And rings out o ' er the mountain tops , A mighty people ' s hymn !

      It soars aloft , and seems to cleave The portals of the sty ; The noblest song in Freedom ' s ear , A nation ' s gathering cry . The spirit of immortal Rome , The fire of ancient Greece , 2 Tow glows beneath St . Stephen's flag , From the Danube to the Theiss ! How oft I ' ve read , with quicken'd pulse And awe-suspended breath , The record of thy chieftains' deeds In the red field of death !

      Oft _gush'd uncheckM the silent tear , Oft rose the prayer for them , As Fame ' s deep clarion rung in praise Of Georgey and of Bem ! God speed thee , gallant Hungary ! So chivalrous and hrave ; And from the tyrant ' s hateful grasp Thy glorious people save . May Victory and Peace soon shed Their holiest beams o ' er thee , And keep thy altars and thy homes Still sacred and still free I _Maryport . J . P . _Docg-gis

      S0cialism.-Napoleon Buonaparte And Tiie ...

      S 0 CIALISM .-NAPOLEON BUONAPARTE AND TIIE FflENCH REPUBLIC . ( From the Westminster Review , for July . ) The first week ' s deliberations of the National AssemWy proved its incompetence to deal with the most vital _question of the moment—the means of restoring employment to theidleand destitute masses , -and of _impressing them with confidence in tbe measures that wonld be adopted for the amelioration of their condition . The politicians that had most the ear of tbe Assembly did nothing bnt denounce the reveries of Sociali-m , the waste of public money in the ateliers nationaux ( with which the Socialists had "nothing to do , ) and insist upon the necessity of recalling the troops of the line , and restraining the licentiousness of the press . The working classes , conceiving themselves befcayed by the bourgeoisie , and _exasperated b y want , flew to arms , with a view of taking the redress of tlieir grievances info their own bands . By this they increased the desperation _oftheirrosiion , and put themselves wholly in the

      ¦ wrong ; hut the insurrection happily suppressed } the case was one for sympathy rather than _vengeance , and the government ( now fallen into the hands of "Eugene Cavaignac , ) hy its prolonged imprisonments , interminable trials , and wholesale deportations of thousands of honest but misled operatives—the heroes of February and _rebels of June—further and permanently alienated the affections of the masses . Separating irom the insurrection the plundering objects of a few vagabonds from the prisons who took part in it , the cause of the insurgents of June was understood to he the common cause of all working men . ' Enable us to live hy our labour , or if you cannot do so , give place to others who will at least show a willingness to aid us . ' Hence ihe popularity of the question of the amnesty . By many the insurgents of June are regarded as patriots , by others as hot-headed enthusiasts - bu f it is only is the salons ' that they a _« _-e regarded as criminals .

      It is not surprising that ont of the financial crisis we have described and the disasters that followed in its . train , there shonld have arisen a multitude of theories on the functions of money ; hut it has not "been observed by English writers , tbat what is called Socialism , as it exists in France , is infinitely more a Currency question than one at all connected with Communism . The Communists have never been numerous in France ; not so numerous , indeed , asin this country . In fact , we are quite within the mark _, when we say , { _* h =. fc since ( he fir-fc preaching of _Hc-hart Owen on the subject of parallelogrflm . _** , there have heen esta' lished in this country , at difierent times at least twenty co-operative societies _having in view a communitv of interests , for any one attempt of the

      _Kind that has heen made on the continent . It has suited the object of the _French Kovalists—that of crushing iheir opponents hy the opprobrium attach-d to the ideas of a community of _gf-ods and the abolition of family ties , to stigmatise as ' a Socialist , ' in the sense ofthe term 'Communist / every reformer belonging to the opposition , who at any time has proposed or supported plans of social amelioration , however , _opp-site in their nature ; but these misrepresentations do not _alfcr the fact that many of the lead ng ** Socialists' are An i-Con-munists . M . Proudhon , for instance , misses no opportunity o * attacking the Phalanstere associations of M . Consideranl . His own grand idea of the means of social

      regeneration is . that of national hanks , and a reorga _* "isation of public credit ; one of the propositions , hy the way , advocated by most of the popular democratic journals . M . Proudhon , by assamin ? for the -motto ofhis paper , ' Le Pr--priete e'est le Vol , ' ( a motto now abandoned ) very fairly exposing himself 'o tbe _imputati-n of being an enemy to the institution of property in every shape 5 but this was not and is not his meaning . What he means is . that interest oi money and rents , or any contrivance by wh ch a man is enabled to live , not upon the accumulations of his own labour , but npon the labour of others , are legalised forms of robherv . _t- > which the State should put an end hy wiser institutions . At the head of his journal Le Peuple are the following lines : —

      "What is the producer ? Nothing . "What ought he to he ? Everything .

      Wha * is the capitalist ? Everything . What ought he to he ? Nothing . Much good paper and tyre have heen wasted by themembe-s ofthe Institute , in a demonstration of the _indispensable utility of capital ; bnt , as directed against M . Proudhon . their labours have heen on'y thrown away . He does not denv the importance of capital , in the sense ofthe accumulated products of labour , but he separates real capital from monied _Capital , and attacks the system whic ' i makes a fe- _*

      wealthy fund-holders the arbiters of nations . He p'oposes , as many other paper theorists have done before him . to set aside the monied interest , by declaring interest of money illegal , and fay authorising the state to issue to the producer , upon adequate security , credit notes , rendered a legal tender . In this he canies with him the sympathy of the French peasant _propriet-irs _, who have now no means of obtaining a small loan npon the security of their land * and crops , but by bonowuv _** : the money hy the week , at the rate of fifteen and twenty-five per cent ., npon a system analogous to that of English pawnhroki g . ¦ ¦

      We have no intention of defending the system of M , Proudhon , which , as far as we can understand it , is erode and impracticable , nor the currency crotchets _ofany other French journalist . They have been attacked * by the Economists with unsparing sarcasms , and often successfully , hut the argument has sometimes heen against them . Here 18 the Substance ( _eonden- _* ed from various sources ) ot tne reply t _*» the Economists , of Pierre Leroux : — . m " Tou accuse us of wishing to _re-estabhshaw- _^ _iflfo ;

      but you who make the accusation have alrecdy reestablished them , and that not upon a sound system , bnt a bad one . Copying the Eng lish precedent ol 1797 , when your metallic system broke down in 1818 . you authorised the Bank of France to suspend specie pavments . and you gave its notes a forced circulation . The _^ e notes are assignats , having in themselves n- _> intrinsic _value whatever , and when you borrow this money of your own creation , tor tbe use of tbe government , the interest you pay font 13 a direct robbery ofthe puhliefor the benefit of the

      Bank" - fc . ... - There can he no answer to this , _excepting tnat the defects of one palliative of an acknowledged evil Ao not prove the superiority of any untried remedy The means of preventing those tremendous _vicissitades of value to which the producing and _commercial classes are now periodically subject , and the connexion with them of the action , of the __ precious metals , are questions more momentous perhaps than _yZllr bnt _li-inn which the ablest thinkers of _flSJ FrS ha ? e _kft the world iu the dark . _HmreSgfennentetwn of ideas upon these

      S0cialism.-Napoleon Buonaparte And Tiie ...

      topics the troth will ultimately make ita way , but it will not be helped forward by the _dogmatism and pedantry of those wh <» have nothing better to say upon the monetary system thin has been said _before by M . Turgot and Adam Smith « and the _prosecution and imprisonment of such men as H . Proudhon . for extravagant opinions , or an . extravagant mode of expounding them , will only serve to render dangerous errors the more inveterate iu the public mind . The next most disastrous event of tbe French

      revolution was , the resolution adopted by the Coif _, stituent _Assembly to elect a President by the universal suffrage of the whole nation . By this decision , partly forced up _<* n the Assembly with malice prepensebyM . Thiers and his royalist friends , and partly carried through the weakness of M . _d-Lamartine , whose loiiic in support of the proposition was below citicism . the Republic practically commit ' ed suicide ; creating an imperium in imperio , whHiisnow found to be altogether incompatible with the free action of a constitutional government

      How many calamities , of which no man can foresee the issue , might Alexis de _Toequeville have spared his country , jf in _hfe work on the democracy of America , instead of glossing over the evils ofthe Presidential election by universal suffrage , he had probed them to the bottom , and held them up as a warning to his countrymen I But in America , although the system is had enough which places such men a * General Taylor at the head of a nation , with no other qualification than that of being " rough and ready , " the power of the President ia limited by the independence ofthe _sevetal states , which have separate powers of their • . wa . In France , where there are no independent : _states , no federal _organisationthe powers ofa

      Pre-, sident are those of ° an absolute monarch , limited nominally by a deliberative assembly , but not really limited at all , because the means of g-tining a ma jority are placed in his hands . Think of the power of corruption given to Louis Napoleon by the patronage of upwards of 150 , 000 places in the direct gift of his cabinet , aud that of the promotion of officers in an army of 450 . 000 men ! That such powers shonld be entrusted to any one human being , was ths _es- » _'nti _= _* l vice of the monarchical system which the democracy of France aimed at destroying . To retain tbem for the Executive , without any adequate security that these powers should not be seized by the dishonest or incapable , was an instance ot philosophical insanity on the . part of republicans to

      which it would be hard to find a parallel . Consider , fur a moment , what grounds there are for the assumption , that six millions of electors can possibly , by the physical circumstances of their position , be •¦ roper judges 'if the qualifications of any one candidate submitted to them , for no matter what office , be it one of the humblest , or one of the m- st _influcnti il- Suppose the question on which you make an appeal to the people to be one of fact" Is John Smith a white manor a mu _' atto ?' ' Here is a question npon which no man' conld deny the capacity of the people for -fating * ( the blind only excepted ) ; and the right of all classes to form an

      opinion upon such a subject must be admitted to be equal . Nevertheless , as six millions of voters could never have seen John Smith with their own eyes—as they could form no opinion npon his colour but from hearsay evidence — of what earthly value would be tlieir judgment?—who would receive their testimony in a conrt of justice ? The six or seven millions of voters who took part in the Presidential election of December , 1848 , could not of their own knowledge have declared whether the candidate for whom they voted was black or white , an honest man or a knave ; and yet , upon tho result of their voting was to depend the liberties of France 1

      The circumstances which determined the choice of an unknown man . in the person of Louis Napoleon were the _fallowing . Eugene Cavaignac had , as we have observed , partly fr < -m the circumstances of his position , and partly from the serious mistake of allowing himself t-i act longer than was necessary as the tool of reactionary _vengeancet become an object of intense aversion to the operatives of Paris ; although still _supposed hy the middle classes , who sighed for order at any price . _George Sa _** d , addressing him through the columns of La Reforme , said , " You are a man of the sword . Throughout ihe whole of your career as chief of the Executive , you have shown no perception ofthe moral agencies by which the human mind may be governed . Not a word of sympathy has escaped your lips : not a cry . as coming from the heart , for the sufferings of the working _rhv-ses : and do you wonder that they turn from yon ? "

      The disposition , in town and country , of the French operatives , to try as _P-esident a new man , was universal ; and the peasantry were sufficiently ready of _fteir own accord to vote for a Napoleon , from their remi > 'iscences of the story of tbe Empire , and from the old rancour of 1815 , when the Bourbons were forced upon the country . The middle classes became divide ' , through the intrigues of M . Thiers , and the ' loyalist committee of the Rue de Poitiers , by whom Louis Napoleon was only supported asa stepning-stonetowards another restoration ; and hence to the astonishment of Europe , and the humiliation of France , a reckless adventurer found himself elected ( 10 th of December , 1848 ) , President of the ( French Republic , by an immense majority over his competitors . *

      All _thi- is now so changed , and Louis Napoleon has made such haste to prove himself not the man the peo . le had expected , that , in the towns , he is at the present time more detested than he was before idolised . In the agricultural districts , where opinion makes slower progress ) his name has lost its magic influence ; and in the army , which had expected nothing else than to be _l-. d to victory against the troops of Austria and Russia , the discovery fiat they have chosen a _degenerate descendant of their great chief , and one who would make of himself and France another link ofthe Holy Alliance , has filled all ranks of the service with" discouragement , and cooled down to freezing point their late enthusiasm .

      Charles Lou ' s Napoleon , horn in 1808 . is the second son of Louis Napoleon , King of Holland and brother ofthe Emperor , by Hortense , the daughter of Josephine The eldest son died in Switzerland _, and the present man was first heard of in 1836 , when he made an _atte-np- * on S _' rasburg , to place himself upon the throne of Louis Philippe . This conspirav . y . which met with some encouragement fvm the disaffection of the army , and their revervnee for the memory of the Emperor , would probably have heen attended with some partial succss , but from the circumstance that Louis _Nap-deon does not bear the slightest _resemblanc- _** to the portraits of the late Emperor , and that he is totally unlike in person anv member of the Buonaparte family . He had been

      joined at Strasburg by about -100 men , principally of the 4 th Regiment , when be was denounced by Col . Taillandier as an impostor . Another officer at the same time exclaimed — " I know him ; he is the nephew of Captain Vaudrey , and no Napoleon !*" The so'dicrs hesitated—looked at the slight figure of the young pretender who had c * rae among themtraced in his features nothing of the hero they venerated—and finally permitted his arrest . Had the attempt been made by his cousin , Napoleon Buonaparte , who is a livim * likeness of the Emperor , and about whose relationship there could he no mistake , it is not improbable that the whole of the garrison of Stra-burg , amounting to about 5 , 000 men , would have b ° _* en sained over .

      This incipient revolt having been crushed in the hud , the fovernment of Louis Philippe , treated its author with great _leniency ; but t he indulgence shown to him was . as subsequent events proved , but ili-deserved . "Louis Napoleon was simply shippvd off to America , and forgiven on condition that he should not return to E -rope , lie wrote to assure Louis Philippe of his " eternal gratitude ; ' _** and then again sat about conspiring for the overthrow ofthe Orleans dynasty . The pretext for his second attempt in 1840 , when he landed from a steamer at Boulogne , was the enthusiasm that had been excited by the arrival in France of the rem- _* ins of the Emperor—removed from St . Helena by the permission of England , at the solicitation ofthe French government . The

      generous homage to talent , on the part of Louis Philippe , which led to this step , was in itself a fact to have disarmed an honourable enemy ; and the con-tact of Louis Napoleon , in seeking to turn to a selfish purpose the old recollections it had awakened , is only one among many proofs ofa character devoid of any sound pri- ciples of rectitude , and indifferent to the laws ot moral obligation . The descent upon Boulogne was a ridiculou _*** failure , but not unattended with bloodshed . Many of his followers fell , and one of them by his own hand . Firing a pistol noon a captain who sought his arrest , he missed the officer , and , in his nervousness , shot , instead , a private soldier , in the act of exclaiming , " "Vive Napoleon the Third . "f

      A second time his life was spared by the French _, government , and he was condemned only to a rigorous imprisonment at Ham , whence , after five years of confinement , he effected his escape . Notwithstanding the bair-brained rashness , approaching to insanity , manifested in these conspiracies , there have not been wanting writers , both in tbis country and abroad , who have represented Louis _Napoleon as an educated and well-informed man ; the truth being , that with some persons , any one who has made a noise in the world , and has the title of a Prince , if he can string together a few commonplace sentences , not wholly devoid of sense , passes for an intellectual phenomenon . There is , however , no foundation for the belief that he is in the slightest degree a person of originative or reflective talents . His published writings , and his reported conversa . _*** Xouis Napoleon .. .. 5 , _53 i , o 20 votes . Eugene Cavaignac .. .. 1 , 448 , 302 „ * Ledru Rollin .. .. .. ¦ 370 , 119 „ f The particulars of these attempts , as related by iouis Napoleon himself , and of course favourably coloured , will be found in a work by Mr . Henry WickofF , entitled " . Napoleon Louis Buonaparte , First President of Prance , " published by J . Chapman .

      S0cialism.-Napoleon Buonaparte And Tiie ...

      tions , do not rise to the level ofthe most ordinary mediocrity . His reading has been superficial , and hia practical knowledge of mankind has been drawn from _anjntercourse with fashionable debauchees . In London his life was that ofa roue , andio Paris itis the same ; his time , when not occupied with his ministers or military _< evie « s , beinsr divided between his mistresses and the pleasures of the table . His intimate _companions are of a class of whom even Odillon Barrot permitted himself to speak as men of ' detestible passions " A spendthrift of his means —although originally in the possession of a handsome fortune , he was no _sooner installed in the _Presidency than he had to appeal to his cabinet to assist him out of the embarrassment of a position crippled with debts .

      Sunsirrxe And - A Tale Of The Nineteenth...

      _suNsirrxE and - a tale of THE NINETEENTH CENTURY . BV THOMAS MARTIN WHEELER , Late Secretary to the National Charter Association and National Land Company .

      _CnAPTER XX . She died ; but memory ' s wizard power , "With its ghost-like train had come , To the dark heart ' s ruins at that last hour , And she murmured , " Homo , home , home !" And her spirit passed with its happy dream , Like a bird in the track of a bright sunbeam . Picken . ¦ _Nearl y a month had elapsed since the interview between Julia and Arthur , and day by day she grew weaker and weaker , but her senses seemed to have recovered their former vigour , and her mind to be more tranquil and assured . Sir Jasper had been often to visit her , and again flattered himself with hopes of her recovery . Seeing that she was

      ignorant of the occurrences during the voyage , he alluded not to them , nor to the arrest of Arthur ; and Julia , often was she about to entrust her husband with her ill-fated love , and implore his pardon and his protection for Arthur , but her fear of displeasing him , and her bodily weakness , which rendered any species of exertion painful , prevented" its accomplishment . On his last visit she expressed a wish to return with him to D——; she would willingly die in the place that had first received her in the island , and which habit had endeared to her , he would then be always near to comfort and support her ; and Sir Jasper , pleased at this display of tenderness , gladly conceded to her wishes , arid by slow and easy journeys did they reach his mansion .

      Two days have elapsed since her return , —she is in the r . iom we haye previously described . The leaves of the passion-flower no _longer shade her lovely brow , they have withered and died , and she mourns not , but rather envies their fate ; the water ofthe silver fountain no longer sheds its coolness around , its murmurs have ceased , and the heated air from a stove supplies its place ; the orange sheds not its perfumed odours around , but myrrn and aloes diffuse their fragrance in its stead . Winter hath succeeded to summer , and summer will again succeed to winter . The passion-flower will again bloom , and the orange-flower renew its blossom , but there is no renewal for the human heart once folded in the wintry embrace of death , —no succeeding sum .

      mer can renew its glories , or give new growth and vigour to its once god-like frame ; and Julia reclines on the ottoman , and the arm of her husband pillows her drooping head , and with low and trembling voice she relates to him the occurrences of her past life—of her childish love for Arthur—its involuntary renewal—her struggles to overcome it , and the purity of its nature . She then described her last interview with him , praying for pardon for them both , and tho tears course fast and hot down her faded cheeks and fall burning on the face of Sir Jasper , kneeling at her side , and he , the unfeeling man ofthe world , inured by many years' witness of slavery to human misery , he is not proof against this woman ' s weakness , but his tears mingle with hers , and at length their hearts beat together in unison—his suspicions , his jealousies , are for ever dispelled—he cannot disbelieve tho

      simple tale—his heart bleeds in listening to it—and worlds would he give that the love lavished on Arthur had heen deserved and received by himself . Oh ! it was a solemn sight to see that young and beauteous , though fragile form , lean so confidingly on the breast of that stalwart and careworn man , pouring forth its loves and its errors , and pleading so movingly for pardon—a pardon nobly and generously accorded—and the pure spirit of Julia seemed only waiting for the discharge of this , its last earthly duty , to take flight from mortality and cave , for embracing her husband , she fell back on the sofa ; ho imagines her dead , and summonses her attendants , but a sweet smile again illumining her countenance , shows that her spirit still lingers with bim , but consciousness is last leaving her , —she softly murmurs , " Husband—Arthur—pardon , Sir Jasper—father , mother , dear , I shall again see you—dear Arthur , I come !"

      " And her spirit passed with it * happy dream , Like a bird m the track ofa bright sunbeam . " , Sadly did Sir Jasper grieve over the fate of the being now become doubly endeared to him , —time had blunted his sensibilities , and a long residence in our slave colonies had seared the fresh and green emotions of his heart , but the seeds of love and generosity , though deeply buried , were still alive , and needed only a kindly cultivation and a deep stirring of the mould in which the _' r fibres were entrenched to cause them to flourish with renewed vigour . Alas ! that the cause of their revival should be of a nature to again blight them ere they could expand into maturity _. Had Julia lived she would no longer have been a

      splendid toy , jewelled and bedizened" to gratify the vanity of an imperious lord , hut a household charm to warm the heart and recreate the expiring humanities of an adoring husband ; but she sleeps the sleep of death , and he is left alone and desolate , a prey to repinings and regrets , with none to cherish his awakened sensibilities , or guide him through life's stormy seas to the haven of domestic bliss . Oh ! how poor and unsatisfactory are all earthly splendours when we have none left to share them with us ; no wife in whom , as in a mirror , we can see their brilliancy reflected ; no child in whom we can retrace our own features , divested ef all that is

      debasing and impure . Poverty hath its trials—oh how many , and how severe!—but cheered by the ties of affection , and protected from positive want , it is more endurable than solitary grandeur . Gentle reader , we have now concluded the first portion of our tale ; like our own history it is full of errors and imperfections ; let him that is perfect judge and condemn them . We have not plunged into the world of romance for our characters , they are the ideal representatives of known realities , — through them we have embodied truths of humanity which ever lie fruitful in tho human breast , needing only the action of circumstances to start them into operation .

      Tho Chartist world is blessed with many an Arthur Morton ; and Julia , thou art no creation of the fancy , thine image hath often met our gaze ; and though thou art for ever departed , yet many a Julia North is still in existence , doing penance to an illjudging world for daring to exercise , without dissembling , the feelings which nature hath implanted in their breasts . Our talc hath hitherto been one of hardship and sorrow , tinctured , perhaps , with our own bitter taste ofnoverty _; but we have still faith in the

      future , aiid should the shadow depart we may yet revel in the sunshine of enjoyment . Wc have been accused of prostituting our talent for the sake of filthy lucre , how false it is our own heart can best testify ; but we heed not the revilers —truth will yet shine ,, and humanity rid itself of the load that artifice and custom hath heaped upon it—in this hope we will pursue our career , caring naught for the censure or enemies whilst ble 3 t with the approbation of friends . ( To be continued . )

      Royal Polytechnic Institution. This Popu...

      ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION . This popular place of resort has just put forth a new feature of attraction . It consists ofa series of dissolving views of . the scenery in and around Rome , and was exhibited for the first time on last Monday . The pictures display a high order of artistic talent , are vivid and life-like , and characterised by an Italian beauty and richness of colouring which distinguishes that delightful country . The series commences with Toulon harbour , followed by Civitta Vecchia , which has become notorious from the fact of its being the place of debarkation of the French army , on their late "friendly visit " to the " eternal city . " Next come the Monte Mario ,, the Tiber , Ponte Mole ,. the Piazza del Popolo , the Bridge and Oastlc of St . Angelo , ( three different views ) , the last g iving the grand display of rockets and other fireworks discharged on the night of the jrand

      festival : Monte Aventine , Ancona and Tarra , ' celebrated as the prison of Tasso , and the tomb of Ariosto . This one concluded the aeries . The views are acccompanied by a descvipture lecture by Mr . James Russell , embracing the most interesting points connected with the late political events of which Rome has become the theatre . This exhibition will no doubt meet with the patronage of which it is so highly deserving , and tne public will be enabled , by means of the painter ' s pencil , to view those scenes which have lately been so full of stirring interest . In the evening , a lecture on "Ancient Minstrelsy" was delivered by Mr . G . Soane ; the wanderings of the troubadours and their adventures and songs , forming the subject-matter of the lecture . The music , both to theso andthe dissolving views , has been arranged with great taste by tlie musical director of the institution , Doctor Wallis .

      "I Say, Jem, What Mechanical Work Did Yo...

      "I say , Jem , what mechanical work did you first do ? " said one darkey to another . "Why , why , cut teeth , ob course , " replied the other ,

      The Ten Hours Bill. (From No. Iii. Ofthe...

      THE TEN HOURS BILL . ( From No . III . ofthe Democratic Review , August , 1849 . ) The extensive conspiracy of the mill-owners of the north of England ( Lancashire in particular ) , to defeat the object of the " Ten Hours Bill , " and the impunity with which that conspiracy is allowed to proceed , adds another to the many convincing proofs , '' that there is one law for the rich and another for the poor . " For many years tho manufacturing j _*> _peratives under the guidance of thc benevolent Richard Oastler , and the late inestimable John Fielding , pressed their iust claims on tho atreiiuonoi ¦

      wo public and theI legislature It has never been objected that their agitation was accompanied with violence . An unvarnished exposure of the curse of thc factory system , " and revealments of its _hori'iblo and brutalising effects on morals , health , and life , were the only weapons they used ; they were however all-sufficient to enlist humanity on their side , and when thc Malthusians continued their opposition , by parading their nostrums of political economy an appeal to facts and figures scattered their fa lacics to the winds , and the world became convinced that the conflict was " mammon against mercy ; the legislature espoused the cause of mercy , and the Ten Hours Bill became the law of the land .

      •? i ° _L _£ ' _^ law _> or ° P enly s _<* it at defiance W 1 * n n „ i fty ' w m th 0 n _^ t consideration of the mill-owners .. Well knowing that money is the ruling power in this country , and having long purses filleu with gold coined out of the blood ° of women and infant children , they have made the attempt , and we find our Wing paternal government in treaty with them , and actually proposing terms to compound a felony ; for it has long been decided that a _conspiracy to evade the law , amounts to felonv ! That this conspiracy exists there is no longer a " doubt , a bond has been entered into to make good any loss any individual mill-owner may sustain in working out the relay system . Of that system Mr . Leonard Horner , the Factory Inspector , in his lately published report declares , '' that the law officers of the

      Crown are unanimously of opinion that it is illegal and contrary to the intention and spirit of the act , " and Mv . Maud , tho stipendiary magistrate of Manchester , a barrister by profession , after careful deliberation , and consultation with legal friends , has arrived at the same conclusion ; yet when informations have been laid for a violation of the law , the magistrates have refused to convict , some , because , as they say , they interpret the law to have a different meaning to that ascribed to it by the law officers of the Crown , and others , because , as they assert , the meaning of the act is doubtful . In the case of poor men offending , against any law of the land , the magistracy exhibit no such qualms of conscience . Many of these same conscientious gentlemen , were instrumental in getting up the case of conspiracy

      against the Chartist prisoners now in Kirkdale gaol , and when they were brought before them , fixed the amount of bail so high that somo from inability to obtain it , were imprisoned until the assizes . Yerily there is " one law for the rich and another for tho poor . " But even _allowing that there mi _^ ht be a conscientious doubt as to the intention ofthe legislature , there is a plain coiirso for tho government to pursue ; they themselves have set tlio precedent in the case of Smith O'Brien and the other Irish state prisoners : " a doubt was entertained in quartera entitled to respect , " as to whether the Crown had the power , without the prisoners' consent , to commute "the sentence of death for high treason to that of transportation for life . A " declaratory act" was prepared to meet the case , and

      hurried through both Houses of Parliament . Why not take the same course in this instance ? The reason is obvious , in the one case the interests ofthe government and the hi g her classes were at stake , in the other it is only the interests of the poor that are concerned . Sir George Grey has been appealed to in this matter , and what is his advice ? That "it should be left to the local _ma-ristracy to decide according to thoir judgment . " What a bitter mockery and insult this is to the feelings of the working classes ! It is a well known fact that local magistrates are appointed not for their _knowledge of law , or love of justice , but for their wealth , subserviency , or " standing in society , " as io is termed . In the manufacturing districts , the great majority ofthe magistracy are manufacturers , either actively

      engaged in trade or retired , and living upon fortunes thus acquired ; if in neither of these positions , they are interlinked by marriage or relationship with the millocracy , and thus by their very position and inclination are necessarily unfit to decide in a case where the interests of the working classes clash with those of the factory kings . Very lately a mill-owner in a certain town in Cheshire , a leading man amongst a religious sect , also a great Liberal , and a member of the town council , was summoned before the magistrates by tho Factory _^ Inspector of the district , for neglecting to have his machitnery " boxed off , " whereby the arm of a young woman

      was dreadfully torn and lacerated , the case being clear was easily proved , and the magistrates were compelled to convict , but , one ofthe Solons on the bench exclaimed , " ho was very sorry for it , for he considered the law a most unjustifiable interference with capital and labour . '' The Libeval culprit echoed the magistrates' comments . Why not ? What right'have working men , or women , to consider tbat their lives or limbs should be protected , where the interests of capital are concerned ? 'Tis monstrous impudence , they have no right to have either legs or arms , or even life , only as their masters please ! This is their true position , and the sooner they understand it the better .

      There is but one means left to prevent the manufacturers evading any law that may he enacted for the regulation of the hours of labour , and that is , a restriction on the moving power . Let tho word " day" be clearly defined , from six o ' clock in thc morning , until six in the evening , with two hours off for meals ; that would be an efficient " Ten Hour Bill , ' ? and the meaning thereof would bo perfectly free from all doubt . Against this it is argued that " it is unjust to interfere with adult male labour , that thc law allows men to make their own contracts , upon terms of mutual benefit , and that there can he no rightful authority to compel them to labour except upon their own terms . " This is true in theory , but false in -fact . The working man has nothing" that he can call his own , but his mental and

      physical powers . The field upon which those are to be exercised , whether in agriculture or manufactures , is in possession oftho capitalist , and he dictates what shall be the rate of wages , and how many shall be the hours of labour ; ' tis true the workman can refuse the manufacturer ' s terms , but the alternative is starvation , and hungry necessity compels him to forego thc beautiful theory , and submit to the stem and unrelenting fact of abject submission to tbe employer . Indeed capitalists themselves know this perfectly well , * they speak of the working people in the same way as thoy'do of any other species of property which tliey call their own ; " My

      men , " "My hands , "My work-people , " "My dog , " "My horse , " "My mill , " are all in the same category , and in no country in tho world , not even the slave holding states of America , are the working classes more , " mere chattle proj-erty , " than in this boasted " free , country . " ' Tis therefore all arrant cant and humbug , to say that men do not wanS the protection of the law , ay , and much more than a " Ten Hours Bill" can give them ; but that protection will never be afforded them until they arc in possession of their political rights , for until they are politically free they must remain socially slaves .

      In the meantime , whilst tho manufacturers are conspiring , and the government * aiding and abetting them , my advice to the operatives is be firm . Abate not one jot of what you have already won , but rather demand a ten hours bill for aw . ! BF .

      sTnio-TIO _*** OF THE MOVING POWER _ANH THE ENTIRE PROHIBITION OF MARRIED WOMEN FROM WORKING IN FACTORIES . " To this complexion wo must como at last . " A Proletarian Sciverf . r for TnE Charter .

      Representation Of Sunderland.—Mr. Hudson...

      Representation of Sunderland . —Mr . Hudson has " authoritatively" intimated to certain conservative parties who have volunteered the selection of a fitting candidate for the representation , in thc event of a vacancy arising , that his present intention is to retain his seat in parliament , at all events till tlie commencement of next session . So says tbe Weekly Chronicle , and private information leads us to believe that this is the course which Mr . *' Hudson desires to take . The question now is , whether the electors will allow a man who is stiematised on every hand with the foulest epithets , who dares not face _. parliament or thc public , who is _charged in official documents with acts of fraud and knavery , and who , conscious of guilt or indifferent to

      character , makes no attempt to clear himself of those charges , to continue to represent them without uttering a feud and indignant protest against so gross a betrayal of duty . We know the idea of many of them is to permit the odour of his name to stink in the nostrils of his admirers , but it appears to us that a due regard to the credit of the borough and its important interests requires some steps to be taken -for the purpose of showing to the country that Mr . Hudson ' s constituents do not connive at his conduct . —Newcastle Guardian , Revising Barristers . —The following are the barristers appointed by Mr . Justice Cresswell to revise tho list of voters for the counties and

      boroughs on tho Western Circuit ! tor 1849 : —South Hants and Isle of Wight . J . Aldridge , Esq . ; North Hants , G . N . Oxcnham _. Esq . ; Dorset , — Douglas , Esq ., and — Iloldsworth , Esq . ; South Devon , J . L . Lucena , Esq ., and II , T , Erskine , Esq . ; North Devon , W . "Hodges , 'Esq . ; East Cornwall , C . D . Bevan , Esq . ; West Cornwall , J . S . Stock , Esq . ; East Somerset , J . S . Graves , Esq ., and F . W . Slade , Esq . ; West Somerset , C . Saunders , Esq . ; South Wilts , _Ci > R , Dayman , Esq . ; Korth Wilts , G . Poulden , Esq . ., ¦ Mast have felt the lash upon tlieir backs for the want of a bridle upon their tongues .

      Vmttitt

      _Vmttitt

      Heroes, —It Were Well If There Were Fewe...

      Heroes , —it were well if there were fewer heroes , _*¦*?* I scarcel y ever heard of any but did more mischief than good . These overgrown mortals commonly use their will with their right hand , and their reason with their left ; their pride is their title , and their power puts in possession : their pomp is furnished from rapine , and their scarlet is dyed with human blood . If wrecks , and ruins , and _dosotati » n of kingdoms are marks of greatness , why do we hoc worship a tempest , and erect a statue to a plague 1 A panegyric upon an earthquake is every jot as reasonable as upon such conquests as these . Fire Engines Superseded . —Wc- observe *' that a book is advertised under the title of " Homoeopathy in Acute Diseases . " If homoeopathic globules will cure inflammations , perhaps an infiiiitessimal drop of water will put out a fire . —Punch . The Jews abstain from trading _durinjr _sixtv-six

      days of the year , as follow , namely—fifty-two Saturdays ; two days , new year ; four days , rnssov . T ; one day , Black Fast ; two days , Pentecost ; four days , Tabernacle ; one day , White East . The Chinaman's Wife . —Not long ago an English sailor killed the wife ofa Chinaman by accident , an event whieh gave him considerable uneasiness . The woman ' s husband , hearing of the circumsutice , came to the vessel , and , after some talk , oftin-eri to make it up with the man , compromising tho affair for thirty dollars . The sailor was glad to escape ' so easily , and paid the money , when the Chinaman Siiid , " It did not matter so much , as she was an old wife , and he could get a new one for twenty-five _dollars , which would leave five dollars to buy rice . " Shetland ponies , which at ono timo only commanded a sovereign in the Hi g hland market , now soil , since the introduction ot steam , at from £ 5 to £ 10 .

      Mr . Rivers , of Sawbridgewortb , has cherry-trees a foot high , that have borne nearly a quart of fruit ; and plum trees , in fruit , not more than eighteen inches high . To Take Ink out of Linkn . —Editors' and clerks ' wives will learn with pleasure , that to take a piecu of tallow , melt it , and dip the spotted part of tho linen into the melted tallow , the linen may then be washed , and the spots will disappear without injuring the linen . " Sot a pinch of dust remains of Cheops , " says the Jersey Times , __ " but of some stray pea-seod which found their way into a mummy-case as old , perhaps , as that of Cheops , remains a rich produce , green and flourishing on a little farm in the little island of Jersey !"

      TnE Bombardment of Rome . — "A horrible situation "—so exclaims Louis Blanc in his New World ( Aug . 1 st . ) — "is that of an exile in this moment of eternal grief ! For to those who surround us , and who ask our-opinion on this war , what can we answer ? Wo can but keep silent , and hide our face . Oh , my country !" . TnE Vrry Spirit . — - ' The following story from the New England _Washingtonian gives the very spirit of tlio English law—a man may be innocent , but _cosst _;* must be had out of him . Capt . Slick was a disciplinarian , and kept a weekly account of his niggers ' well and ill doings .. One Saturday Tony , the hoy of all work , had in his account current twenty-live stripes for idleness , to his debit , and fifteen ' , for

      industry , to his credit , so his master was about to pay hiin the balance . " Stop Massy , " say Tony , "dar ' _s—youforgotr-dar ' s . do scorin' of do floorold missus say I neber scour as good before . "" Soho , you rascal , " quoth Capt . Slick ; " you ' re bringing in offsets , are you ? Well now , there I "here the Captain made an entry upon his book" you have a credit offive stripes , and the balance must be paid . " — " Gor amassa , don ' t hit yet—dar ' s sumpen else—Oh , Lord ! please don ' t—yet sir got urn now—ketchin' de white boy and fetchin uni to old missus , what throw reck at de young duck . "" That ' safact , " said tho Captain , " and I'll give

      you a credit of ten stripes for it — - I wish you had brought him to me—now we'll settle the balance . " —Tony grinned . The Captain adjusted his spoctaclcs , and finding Tony had a credit of five stri pes , was not a little irritated . "— " All de credit is fair , massa _, " said Tony . — " Yes , but" said the Captain , puzzled how to give Tony afew licks any how , " but "—an idea popped into his head— " _luacre ' s my costs—you incorrigible scoundrel ? Tou want tb swindle me , do you , out of my costs , you rascal . " " And , " added Captain Slick , chuckling at his own ingenuity , " I enter judgment against you for costs—ten stripes , " and forthwith satisfied the judgment .

      The Paris correspondent of the Medical Times observes : — " In England an honorary distinction conferred on a medical man is rarer than a black swan . Strange it is , that the least military nation of Europe should reserve all its honours for soldiers . " An American vender ofa universal medicine declares that , if lis prescription be followed literally , a cure is certain . " This medicine is to be taken _is-ternally , ix . ternally , and _E-ternally . Mooltan Prize Money . —Tbe total amount of this booty is estimated at eighteen lacs of rupees , or £ 180 , 000 sterling . Lord Gough , as Commanderin-Chief on the field , will receive £ 20 , 000 . Waste not , Want not . —A _j-entleman who had

      put aside two bottles of _capitalize , to recreate some friends , discovered , just before dinner , that his servant , a country bumpkin , had emptied them both ! " Scoundrel , ( said his master ) , " what do you mean by this ? " " Why , sir , I saw plain enough by the clouds that it were going to thunder , so I drank up the yak at once , least it should turn sour , for there ' s nothing I do abominate like waste . " A Sign . —Modest sign in the town of _Mussel-iurg : " Repository of Birmingham and Sheffield goods . Better goods sold here than any manufactured in Birmingham or Sheffield , and made on a different principle , " The Danes exacted an ounce of gold annually in Eire ( Ireland ) , and cut offthe noses of all who did not pay the tax .

      The Jersey Times mentions that the Mormonitcs have opened a place of worship in St . Holier . TnE Paris correspondent of the Literary Gazette remarks of queer title- * : */ There are now publishing in French newspapers romances called ' The Red Spirits , ' ' The Bloody Marchioness , ' «¦ Tho Bloody Shoes ; " and there have lately boen published , _« Digging into the Earth with one ' s Kails , ' 'Howare youf' 'The Midnight Bludgeon , ' and so on . " Our own penny literature can supply parallels . ¦ Lola Monies Whitewashed . —A young cockney moro accustomed to the pencil tiian the pen , sends us the following impromptu on the marriage of tho Countess of Landsfelt : — " Miss Lola , by her naughty tricks , Her ill-fame long had sealed , But , by this matrimonial fix , Grows virtuous , and gets lleaVd . " Leicestershire Herald :

      Re-Lyino . —At dinner wo put this question to tlie guests : —Which is the stronger , lie or truth *? After a moment's consideration , Mr . Joseph Proctor answered , " Truth ! for you may _re-ly on it !"New England Washingtonian . The Bankers in London . — The oldest banking houses in London are , Child ' s , at Temple Bar ; Iloare ' s in Fleet-street ; Straban ' s ( formerly Snow ' s ) , in the Strand ; and Gosling ' s in Fleetstreet . None date earlier than the restoration of Charles II . The original were Goldsmiths—" " Gold-smiths that keep running cashes" —and their shops were distinguished by signs . Child ' s was known by " The Marygold ; " still to be seen where cheques are cashed ; Hoare ' s by the " Golden Bottle ; " still remaining over the outer door :

      Snow ' s by tlie " Golden Anclior ; " to be seen inside ; and Gosling ' s , by thc * ' Three Squirrels ; " still prominent in the iron work of their windows towards the street . The founder of Child ' s house was John Blackwoll , an alderman of the city of London , ruined by thc shutting up of the Exchequer , in the reign of Charles II . Stone and Martin ' s , in Lombard-street , is said to have been founded by Sir Thomas Gresham ; and the grasshopper sign of the Gresham family was preserved in the banking hoiu-c till late in the last century . Of the West-end hanking houses , Drummond ' 3 _, at Charing-cross , is the oldest ; and , next to Drummond's , Coutts in the Strand . The founder of Drummond ' s obtained his great position by advancing money to tho Pretender , and by the king ' s consequent withdrawal of his account . The _kind ' s withdrawal led to a rusli of

      the Scottish nobility and gentry with their accounts , and to the ultimate advancement of the bank to its present footing . Coutts ' s house was founded by George Middloton , and originally stood in St . Martin ' _s-lano , near St . Martin ' s Church . _Coutts removed it to its present site . The great Lord Clarendon , in the reign of Charles II ., kept an account at Iloare ' s ; Dryden lodged his £ 50 , for the discovery of the bullies who waylaid and beat him , at Child ' s , " at Temple Bar . Gay banked , at * Drummond's ; Lady Mary Wortley Montague at Child ' s ; Gray at Hoare's ; Dr . Johnson and Sir Walter Scott at Coutts ' s ; and Bishop Percy at Gosling ' s . Thc Duke of Wellington banks at Coutts ' s ; thc Duke of Sutherland at Drummond ' s ; the Duke of Devonshire at Snow ' s , or Stratum ' s .

      Marriage and Jewesses . —The Mosaic law forbids only marriages between Jews and the women of Canaan , not with any other outlandish women . On the contrary , the latter were expressly permitted ; and when Miriam and Aaron " spake against Moses because of the Ethiopian woman whom he had married , for ho had married an Ethiopian woman , ..... the anger of the Lord was kindled against them . " ( Numbers xii ., 1 , 9 , and various sthcr passages . ) True , after the exile , it was strictly prohibited to marry any foreign woman ; but this law can hardly be considered binding . Jewesses have always been been free in their choice . —Jewish Chronicle . '

      The late John Fielden . — A subscription has been set ori foot by the friends of the Ten Hours Bill , to place a monument in Westminster Abbey to the late Mr . Jolih Fielden .

      Heroes, —It Were Well If There Were Fewe...

      Leicester . —Advance of Waoes . —To the Editor . —Sir , —We havo now the satisfaction of statiug that the leading manufacturers havo agreed to g ive threepence per dozen upon all wrought sham knits ; the others that have been seen have kindly , consented to do the same . Wc consider the thanks of the trade are due to the manufacturers , _otving to the kind manner in which they havo treated with the deputation on this occasion , and believe that the advance that is agreed to will give general satisfaction at this time to the hands both in thc town and countv . — Edward _ftioliolaon _, Joseph liaudford , William Cleaver . —August 0 th , 181 * . ) . — [ r . S . —There is still a portion of tho hands on strike , which , it it hoped , will resume their employment next week . ]—Leicester Mercury .

      Youthful Makmaoi _* . —In Jefferson comiiy , _virginia , on the 20 lh March , by Elder Sine , Mv . . John Lay , _u-rod eighty-five years , to Miss Catharine Sargent , aged seventy-five years and six month * -, _; it ' er a courtship of forty voars . Oh ! theso youthful _indiscreii'iiii- ! Dr . * Franklin ' s letter to " Jack , " advising him to marry young , has done a world of mischief . Look at this now—another youthful victim saurificed [—Chicago'Journal .

      Try Ere You Desraik. Holloway's Pills. Cuke Of Asthma.

      TRY ERE YOU _DESrAIK . HOLLOWAY'S PILLS . CUKE OF ASTHMA .

      Ad00315

      Extract of a Letter from Mr . Benjamin Mac * kie , _*> _vespect-• ablo Quaker , dated Creenagh _, near _Lougholl . Ireland , dated September 11 th , 1848 . 1 { _espe- * te 0 Friend , —Thy excellent Pills have _etiiocuall j cured me of r . n asthma , wliich afflicted me for throe vears to sueh an extent that I was obliged to walk my room at night for air , afraid of being suffocated if I went to bed by cough and phlegm . Besides taking the Pills , I rubbod plenty ot thy Oiiitmenti nto my chest night and _mi-v-uing . — ( Signed * Besjam-. v _AIacki _* " * . —To Professor UoLt . oiv . ir . CUKE OF TYl'HUS FBVERWHEN SDl _» _l'OSEl ) TO BE

      Ad00316

      ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS , _GENERATIVE INCAPACITY , AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MA 1 UUAGE . Twenty-fifth edition , illustrated with Twenty-Six Auatomi . cal Engravings on Steel , enlarged to _13 S pages , price 2 s . Cd ; by post , direct from the Establishment , lis . Gd ,, in postage stomps . THE SILENT FRIEND ; A a medical work on the exhaustion and physical decay ofthe system , _-iroduced by excessive indulgence , the consequences of infection , or the abuse of mercury , with observations on the marrricd state , and tlie distmali / ications which prevent it ; illustrated by twenty-six coloured engravings , and by the detail of cases . By II . and L . PJ 3 KIIY and Co ., 19 , Uerners-strect , Oxford-street , London . Published by the authors , and sold by Strange , 21 , Paternoster-iw ; Ilannay , GS , and Sanger , 150 , Oxiurd-slrcet ; Starie , 2 _* J , _Tichbonie-street , Haymarkct ; and Gordon , H _* _** , Leadenhall-street , London ; J . and R . Raimes and Co ., Leithwalk , Edinburgh ; D . Campbell , Argyll-street , Glasgow ; J . Priestly , Lord-street , and T . Newton , _Cluux-h-Street , Liverpool ; R . Ingram , Market-place , _ACan chester .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 18, 1849, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_18081849/page/3/