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Northern Star (1837-1852), 18th April 1846, Edition 3 of 3, Page 7, Accounts from Lemberg state that one ol ...

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    • . foreign jitotomci(&
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      A Pbh 18. 1840. . |H The Northern Star. ...

      A 18 . 1840 . _. | H THE NORTHERN STAR . 7

      . Foreign Jitotomci(&

      . foreign _jitotomci (&

      "And I Will War, At Least In Wards, (And...

      " And I will war , at least in wards , ( And—should my chane . so happen-deeds , j Withall who war with Thoug ht . _"IthiAIhearaUWe hh _^ who sings Thepeop lebyandby « ill be the stronger . _-Biacji

      THE _MARTT RS FOR _ITALIAN LIBERTY . BT _JOSETH _JUZZ 1 SI . ATTItlO AS » EMILIO _BAXDIERA . ( From the People " * Journal . ) To foresee the future of a cause or of a people I know no better method than to study the history of its Martyrs . I am aware that every factwn has its martyrs also . I know that men die from ambition , from vanity , from devotion to an individual , to a race , to the memories of the past : but this is always at the height of a crisis , when the passions are in fall play , when the blood is stirred b y the straggle , by the fever of auger , by the smell o : powder a nd ofthe battle-field , and it is almost always in a manner somewhat theatrical , betraying _efinrt , placing itself ai _attUnd " _^ dressing itself , as if to suppl y , liy an appeal to human forces , whatever of justice andfuturity is wanting to the cause for which it dies . Then , that lasts not . It is the brief , fragmentary tradition of a sect ; it is not the _lonir , uninterrupted , wide , aud progressive tradition of

      a Religion . Between saints and fanatics , God has placed signs which every earnest man can easily recognise . But when you see , during a long series of years , ( I might almost say of ages ; for the list of the martyrs ofthe free Thought of Italy , commenced by Dante , has teen regularly continued even to now , ) men of all ages , and _' all classes , raising themselves , their brows pure from thought of crime , calm-hearted , high soaring , and religious , to protest , by the sword or by the pen , against "brute force , and dying with a smile—then yon may say , without fear of deceiving yourself , that there is a thonght of God fermenting in the heart ofa great people . Such men are Apostles ; their tomb is an Altar . It matters little that _thej have not _succeeded ; others will conquer in their name . The Angel of Martyrdom is brother to the Angel of Victory ; bnt , since the Crucified , we know that it is anly when the first raises his eyes from earth to heaven , that Godsends the second to realise a new line of his law npon earth .

      The list of Italian Martyrs is very long ; some dead in prison , others in exile , the least unfortunate on the scaffold . I shall choose from this list the most remarkable of those belonging to the different epochs of ourattempts . And I shall commence with the most recent ; because , either personally or by correspondence , I have known them , and my mind naturally recurs to them , whenever I think ofthe sufferings andof the hopes of my country But whether I speak of my contemporaries , or of those who have lived before me , I shall assert nothing which is not historically averred . Any declamation on men who have pnt their life and their death to the service of an idea , seems to me a profanation .

      The name ofthe brothers Bandiera has been often pronounced ; but very few know anything of them _bejondtie simple fact of their adventurous enterprise and tragical end . What they were , what a life of virtues and of noble thoughts they could have devoted to their country , and through their country to humanity , if a country had not been denied them , is not known . And yet , this is most important to the cause for which they are dead ; this it is which elevates their enterprise to the consequence of a symptom of the state of things and of rn " a «* g In Italy .

      _Attilio asd Ehilio Bakdieba sprung from one of the old patrician families oi Venice , and—sons of the Baron Bandiera , rear-admiral of the Austrian marine , —had followed the paternal career , and held high rank in the fleet , when they began to be known in the ranks of those secretly devoted to the success of the National Italian Cause . ' * I am an Italian , " wrote Attilio , the elder of the tivo brothers , iu the first letter I received from him . dated August 15 th , 1812 . — "la-nan Italian , a soldier , and not proscribed . I am rather feeble in body , ardent at heart , verv often cold in appearance . I seek to

      temper my soul in the practice of stoical maxims . I believe in God , in a future state , in human _progress ; from humanity , taken as a point of departure , I _descend in my thoughts to country , to one ' s family , to the individual . I hold as certain that justice is the base of all right ; I have long conclude J that the Italian cause is hut a dependence of that upon mankind , and I console myself for all the difficulties of the present by thinking- that to serve Italy is to serve humanity a together . I have therefore decided to devote all my being to the practical development of these principles . "

      And in a letter , Emilio , in his turn , said to me , " We _ivish for a country free , united , republican . We propose to ourselves , _tubave . no faith but in thc national means , not to count upon foreign succour , and to throw down the gauntlet of defiance when we shall be sufficiently strong . " How did they arrive at this ! they , soldiers , bound by all the exigencies of discipline , deprived of all contact with the patriots of the Peninsula , liviiig on shipboard , bow at Smyrna , now at _Constantinople , another time in Syria , where they distinguished themselves in the actio '' of the combined English and Austrian forces , scarcely greeting with their eyes the vanishing shores of their country . ' * I have never been able to read till the other day , " said Attilio , in the letter I have quoted , " a single writing of Yonng Italy . " And yet they had already , at this period , organised an important work en the identical bases . The Italian spirit fermented in them in

      virtue of their origin . The Austrian uniform weighed upon their breast ; the Austrian flag floating over vessels manned almost exclusivel y by Italians , appeared to them an ontrage . And the name which they bore , devoted to the universal reprobation of Italy , in consequence of the arrest by the _fathtr , at sea , in 1831 , and in contempt of the capitulation of Ancona , of the patriots who "ere leaving for Frauee , gave to the * r desire of action aa additional impulse . In their most private talk they avoided all allusion to their father ; but one saw ia the fire of tbeir sad and sombre regards that they felt the want of rehabilitating this tarnished name . For the rest they fulfilled all their domestic duties . They passionately loved their mother . Attilio was both husband and fatier , but the duty of raising a young seal to the worship ofthe Just and the True , reinforced his duties towards his country , and his wife , since dead of grief , was worthy of him .

      I am not able to state here what the two brothers wished to do , or the causes which nullified the results of the Italian agitation of 1 S 44 . But , as in all prolonged preparations , treason was already , in the commencement oi that year , creeping into onr ranks . Denounced first to tbeir father , then to the Austrian government , by a man who had feigned to enter their ranks , they were compelled to Hy , towards the end of February , _JSM , during the night , in a little boat , to two different points ; Emilio alone , Attilio with an old soldier , Mariano , who desired to follow him , and who now expiates his fidelity in the dungeons of Santo Stefano , in the kingdom of Naples . " How will they support this ruin V wrote Attilio , at the end .. ft lie letter which announced to me the treason and their flight—" my poor mother aud my wife , frail creatures , perhaps incapable of resisting such great

      trials : Ah ' . to serve humanity and one's Country has been , and will be always , I hope , my first desire , but I mu ; t confess that it costs me much . " His wife had beeu informed by Emilio , at Vvnice , of their projected flight ; she had kept the secret from the family , withoat letting them a _siugle instant divine what she Suffered . But when she knew Mai out of reach , grief got the better . She died a short time after . She was fair , good , and brave . And if 1 had not long firmly believed that the man and woman who , loving each other , die of suffering , must one day be re-uuitcd as angels in some holy mystery of eternal love , the sole thonght of thi * woman dying of a broken-heart , without unjust irritation , and without complaint , for the man , who himself some months after was to die in his turn , iu bearing witness for his faith , and doubtless thinking of Iter—tbis sole thought would be sufficient to give me such belief .

      Emilio had r < p « i . - < _-d to Corfu . The Austrian government , afraid ot ib moral effect which the flight of the two ofiieers must produce in Italy , in revealing to all how the Italian spirit was at work even in their army , endea . voured to make them appear ag mutinous children , and to prevail on them to accept a pardon . " The Archduke Bainieri , ** wrote Emilio to me on the Hud of April , " Viceroy ofthe _Lombards Venetian kingdom , sent one of bis people to my mother , to tell her that if she could succeed in bringing me back to Venice , he would _engage his soared word of honour , that , not onlv I should be acquitted , but restored to my rank , to my nobility , to " my honours . He added , that my brother , older than I , had not the same right to hope , but that the clemency of the Emperor Ferdinand was so great , that he would end very

      probably by obtaining the same conditions . My mother believes , hopes , departs on the instant , and arrives here . I leave you to imagine what I suffer at the moment I am writing to you . It is in vain that I endeavour to make her comprehend that duty orders uie to remain here , that I should be happy to see my country again , hut that when I shall direct my _course towards it , it will not be te lire an inglorious life , but to die there a glorious death ; that mv safe conduct ia Italy rests henceforward on the point of my sword ; that no affection ought to be able to detach mc from the dag which I have embraced ; and that the flag of a king can be abandoned , —that of a country never . My mother , agitated , blinded by passion , cannot comprehend me , calls me impious , unnatural , assassin , and her tears rend mv heart ; her reproaches , well as I feel not to merit them , are to _m- _ - as so many strokes ofa poniard ; but the desolation does not deprive me of mind ; I know that these tears aud this anger fall

      upon our tyrants , whose ambition condemns families to such struggles . 'W rite me a word of consolation . " Iknow not what ethers will think of i ! _jc refusal of Emilio , but to me , Emilio appears yet greater at this moment than when he fell calm and cool under tlie fire at Coseura . Many men think thej love when they aspire to happiness , and in following the shadow here below , even in betraying their duty ; many women , alas ! educated in the selfish habits of despotism , preach , without knowing it , in the name of love to their children or their husbands , tlie abandonment of tlie Law of God , the eternal worship of the Just and True . And love , the purification of two souls , tlie one through the other , loses itself in tlie personal or sensual appetite of the brute . But when Faith , to-day extinct in men ' s souls , shall have re-built i t * Temple of Lore , the saintliness of the affection of Emilio f .. r his mother , and his refusal , will be , I repeat in th * eyes of all , tbe fairest flower in his _martyr-crown . '

      "And I Will War, At Least In Wards, (And...

      Attilio rejoined his brother at Corfu . They were no more separated . They received a citation to appear be fore the Austrian court-martial , to which they replied together by a refusal , expressed in _somelines which were published in the Maltese journals . "War was thus de dared ; aud another young officer , their friend from infancy , handsome as an angel , pure as a child , brave as a lion , Domenico Mono , quitted then the Adria , which hap . pened to touch at Malta , and went to say to them : tee lave lived , loved , and suffered together ; together we trill die . For it was their clear purpose to die . The two Baudieras , open as they were to all great thoughts , were above all , men of action . They respired it at every pore .

      Impatient to bear witness , they sought ou all sides to find thc arena upon which to fling themselves . I gnorant of detail , they comprehend instinctively Italy , such as she is to-day : full of national aspirations , but backward , uncertain in her knowledge of the means which compass great things ; rich in individual devetedncss ; weak in anything like collective action : fretted by the common evil , a difference between theory and practice . The Italians , said they , need to learn that life is but the realisation , the incarnation of thonght ; that they only _bcliew who feel the necessity of translating , come what may , into acts that which they think to be the True . Italy will lire when Italians shall have learned to die . And for that there is no teaching but by example .

      Thus they were determined to die . The severe carnage of Attilio , the serene piety of Emilio , betrayed the reflection of the ? ame thought ; the first had the air of meditating the accomplishment of the mission he had imposed npon himself ; the secoud had bidden adieu to the tilings of earth , and waited tranquilly till the hour should sound upon the watch of his brother . They were consecrated victims , Hearts denoted unto death . We all knew that . And jealous of preserving for better combined efforts , two such precious lives , we struggled desperately against the fatality of the idea which dragged them on . But they were too strong for us . During a brief time , while we had only to _struggle

      against the sombre rapture of their sacrifice , we hoped to conquer . Later , the Italian government , alarmed by informations to which I will not return , but which Englishmen will do well not to forget , * began to throw the weight of all their sconndrtlism into the scale , and we were lost . In June , the agents of the _Neapolitan government poured into tbeir ears the most encouraging reports : Calibria was in flames ; bands of insurgents overran the mountains ; they only waited for chiefs to develops their action ; and these chiefs were expected from among the Italian exiles . They believed them ; they sold all they had of jewels , of souvenirs of any value ; they converted them into arms , and set forth .

      " In a few hoars , " —said the last letter I received from Attilio , written the 11 th of dune , " we set outfor Calabria If we arrive safe and sound , we shall do our best , militarily and politically . Seventeen other Italians follow us , exiles for the most pan ; we have a Calsbrian guide _, llememberns , and believe that if we are able to set foot in Italy we shall be firm in sustaining those principles which we have preached together . If we fall , tell our countrymen that they imitate our example . Life has only been given to ns to employ it usefully and nobly ; and the cause for which we shall combat , and shall die , is the purest , the holiest , that has ever warmed human breasts . "

      The rest is better known . A traitor bad been placed among them ; he quitted them on the 10 th , as sooa as they disembarked . He went by Cotrone , to declare to the government the direction they took , their plan , their force : they wandered three days in tlie mountains , till at last , reaching the village of San Giovanni in Flore , usually _ung-arrisoned _, they found themselves surrounded by forces twenty times luperior . Thty struggled , however : one of them , -Miller , fell dead ; another , Moro , riddled with wounds ; two contrived to save themselves in the mountains ; the rest were taken .

      The 25 th of July , at five in the morning , Attilio and Emilio Bandiera , with seven of their companions , Xicola Hicriotti , Domenico Moro , Anacarsi "Nardi , Giovanni Venerucci , Giaeomo Rocca , Francesco Eerti , and Domenico Lnpatelli , were shot to death at Cosenza . Their last moments were worthy of them . They were awakened , the morning ofthe day , from a tranquil sleep ; they dressed themselves with care , wiih even a sort of elegance , as if they prepared for a religious solemnity . A catholic priest , who presented himself , was mildly repulsed . " " We have sought , " said they , " to practise the law of the gospel , and to make it triumph at the price

      of our blood . We hope that our works will recommend us to Cod , better than your words . Go and preach to onr oppressed brothers 1 " Arrived at tlie place ofexecutiou _, ihey entreated the soldiers " to spare the face , made in the image of God . " They cried out Tie * Vltalia ; aud all _wss said . Some months after , a letter reached one of our friends at Corfu , written twelve hours before the fatal moment , by one of those who fell with them . The calm solemn tone in which itis written , reminds me of the heroes of Plutarch ; and I bring it forward here , because it must smnce to prove what men accompanied the two brothers in their enterprise .

      To Signer Tito SateUi , _ExortaJ in Corfu . Dear Friend , —I write to you for the last time : within twelve hours I shall be no more . My companions in misfortune are the two brothers Bandiera , Ricciotti , Moro , Venerucci , Roeca , Lupatilli , and Berti . Your Brotherin-law is exempted from this fate , nor do I know to howmany years he will be sentenced . Remember me to your family , and all friends as often as possible . If it be granted ine , I will , before ascending to the Eternal , revisit the Eroria . Kiss for me my Dante } : and all your children . When 50 U think proper you may make known this my fate at Modena and to my brother . Receive the affectionate remembrances of all my companions . I embrace you . And am yours , _SAxni . From the condemned cell at Cosenza , 24 th of the 7 th month , 1844 .

      P . S . —I write with handcuffs , and therefore my writing will appear as if written with a trembling band ; but I am tranquil because I die in my own country , and for a sacred cause . The friend who used to come on horseback was our ruin . Once more , farewell .

      "And I Will War, At Least In Wards, (And...

      * Referring to the information given to the Austrian government by . Lord Aberdeen . —E . P . J . \ Exoria ( a Greek word , signifying exile , banishment ) is the name of the-house erected by the exiled Ilr . Savelli , in the district of _Co-vacchiaua , and where Nardi , too , was living . } Dante is a boy , tlte first-born of Dr . Savelli , to whom Nardi Has godfather .

      Condition Of The Labourers In The Roman ...

      CONDITION OF THE LABOURERS IN THE ROMAN CAMPAGNA . Rome , March 23 . —A few days ago this government provided for its subjects the spectacle of apublic execHtion , into the details of which a correspondent enters , not leaving such to more competent hands . The law's delay had allowed the culprit to remain two years in prison before his final production , and his case is not unsuggestive of much sound teaching , not to the mere rabble who gathered round the spot , where of old _Rienzi spoke , and where now the guillotine discourceth , but rather to those whom providence had made responsible for the conduct of the modern Roman people . In the minutes of this trial it appeared that this youth of twenty-four had sought over the campagna , from Frascati to Ardea _, for work , and had sought in vain , before resolving , first , on

      tinsale of his prayer book , which fetched three bajocchi ; and finally , on Jailing the first man he met , a charcoal burner , who turned out to be as poor as himself . Sow , wherefore was there no work for Francesco Sciarra , in that wide champain , with its rich soil and its abounding pastures ? The answer is simple : these lands are either held in mortmain by the church or the monks ( two distinct ideas ) , or by hospitals , or by such leviathan landowners as Borghese , _Rospigliosi , Barbcrini , aud ( a namesake of the criminal ) Prince Sciarra . Tlie church lands are never improved byadditional labour , because the incumbent has but a life tendency , and lives in Rome . __ The monks are migratory or reckless . The hospitals are gigantic jobswhere the plunder is divided between the

      , highest and the lowest functionaries—a mere fractional part finding its way to the original object and no funds can be spared for agricultural _progress . The great land proprietors cither have no taste for expensive improvements on a sickly entailed estate , or they have other and less creditable pursuits ; they feel themselves to be merec . vphersintlieeeclesiastie . dominions , without the natural influence of property and rank , and , therefore deem themselves not answerable for the pauperism around them . So between the aristocracy and the church ( thc middle classes cannot get any land to purchase in the I campagna ) , the labourers are as little cared for , as if j thev were tenants of an Irish absentee , or squatter * j of that Milesian Eldorado , Derrynane Beg .

      They have a Corn Law here too , which attempts to regulate not only the import of grain , but is priiici-Eall y eiFective in preventing its export , which micht e made most extensive and remunerating , but for the peculiar distribution ef property . Fertile tracts are only ploughed _ohco every third year , being left the other two to be cooked { si cjtoce ) in the sun . Tlie food of the working peasant is rarely bread , mostly Indian corn made into a moist cake , and having dried fruit , a raisin or something of that kind , frugally interspersed , to make the lump palatable . With this provender he goes forth , to labour at a great distance

      from bis dwelling , and returns at eve to a supper ol wild hcrlis , a little oil and vinegar . To return to the gallows : thc prevalent _feclinc was of course pity for the young murderer , whose guilt was totally forgotten , and while the dismal preparation was beiug made , and pickpockets at work , masked pilgrims went round making a _collection lor anticipativc masses to benefit his soul . No one thought of including in the votive offering a bajoccho for the soul of the poor charcoal burner : the sympathy being all monopolised by the homicide , and none left for his victim . —Correspondent of the Daily News .

      Nicnoiib At Sea.—The ;Ship Of The Line C...

      NicnoiiB at Sea . —The ; ship of the line calle . " _Russia / 'isau overwhelming proof of the despotism ot Nicholas . On visiting the vessel while on the stocks ' , he thought that there was not sufficient room to walk about , and , _accordingly , commanded thc space to be enlarged ; even enforcing his opinion asjainst that of competent judges . By consequence , this _rcsecl is thc very worst sailer in thc whok * Russian navy , and is very seldom employed .

      The Polish Insurrect Ion. The Insurrecti...

      THE POLISH INSURRECT ION . THE INSURRECTION NOT POT DOWN . Wc before stated that the peasantry in Gallicia had refused to lay down their arms and resisted tiie Austrian authorities . It seems they have formed an entrenched camp in thc forest of Niepolomiee The Deutsche Allgemeine Zcitung of" the 5 th April gives news i ' rom Cracow of the 30 th March which states that a peasant of the name of Saia is ' at thc head of thc _insurgents , lt is on the following conditions alone that he intends to lay down his arms — Jst . —Abolishment of the corvee . 2 nd . —Suppression of duties . 3 rd . —Salt not te be sold at a higher price than ls . 3 d . the cwt . ( salt , tobacco and stamped paper are the three great monopolies of the Austrian government ) " 4 th . Division of property , one quarter to the nobles and three quarters to the peasantry . "

      It is asserted that a person of eminent talents is at the bead of the rebels at Tilsna , representing the ciril power , whilst Saia is acknowled ged military leader . _Losnos . Saturdat . —A letter from Breslau ofthe 24 th ult . states that a band of insurgents under a noble , is in occupation of the forests ofthe districts of Ostrolewka , which communicates with the famed forest of Biavclege _.-iu Lithuania . This body is comnosed of a race of half noble peasantry , called kurpies , who from remote time possess lands given to them by bishops or starosts , in remuneration of services renuered to thc church or to the country . The Kurpies , on multiplying , had partitioned out the lands 111 numerous portions , but when the estates of the clergy were confiscated by tho government , they became tenants of the crown , without being subjected to suit and service . They live in the woods , engaged in the chase and in smuggling , and are excellent marksmen .

      1 he National of Thursday mentions having received intelligence respecting the situation of tlie Polish insurgents , and their present organisation . That jour nal , howover , does not consider it advisable to publish those details , but it announces as positive that on thc 22 nd the insurgents had an engagement with a squadron of Austrian cavalry , and completely routed it , with the loss of twenty-five killed . " This , " adds the National , Was not their only success . On hearing of that defeat , thc commander of the troopa concentrated round Tarnow immediately sent oh ? two battalions of infantry nnd three squadrons of cavalry . This force advanced against the insurgents , who fell back on a forest , where they had thrown up someintrenchments . The Austrians _ixarched the whole of the 23 rd , and , after a few skirmishes , they stopped on the approach of night , Tbeinsurgentsl ' ghted

      tires , but , instead of waiting for the enemy , they penetrated into tbe heart of the forest , where they took up positions , little pervious to infantry , but quite inaccessible to cavalry . Whilst these events were passing to the south-west of Tarnow , another column of peasants , after being reinforced at "Werniki and Borec , surprised during ihe night the Austrian garrison of the small town of Chesanow , and put it to the sword . Our correspondent furnishes us with the following particulars respecting thc affair : — "The insurgents , " he 6 _« ys , " who maintained themselves in the forest , attacked in the night of the 21 th of March a squadron of Austrian light horee , garrisoned in a village within a short distance of Chesanow , a small town in the environs of Cracow . Erery man of the squadron was either taken or killed . The peasants fight like lions since the Austrians wish < o reduce iheai again to their former state of slavery . "

      Address Of The French Committee. The Cen...

      ADDRESS OF THE FRENCH COMMITTEE . The central committee for the Polish cause at Paris have issued the following : —• " Polish nationality shall not periBh ! " This declaration , emanating in France from the three great powers of tho state , Poland does not cease to recall aloud by the voice of the battle , of exile , and of martyrdom . " Polish nationality withstands persecution , and even dismemberment , retrenching itself invincible behind its language and its faith . It professes the ingredients . of great causes and future greatnessadherents and heroes . " Polish nationality must not perish or nations must avow that they are but flocks of sheep , which the sword has the right to destroy ; Polish nationality must not perish , for it is necessary to thc balance of Europe ; it would be an infringement on the most sacred rights—the rights of nations .

      " Poland has acain turned upon her oppressors . This is the eighth time they have risen in arms , invincible faith in the immortality of their country , and in the wonderful justice of the Lord ; and so fruitful in this faith that , weighed down by oppression in exile , tliey made a step in advance towards their national independence . " Till now , the Polish nobles alone bore the brunt of the combat , and fell as victims to the sacrifice . It was sad , but perhaps it was just . The people shared but slightly in the revolution . Slaves to the corvee and hinds from their birth , they would but hare changed uir . stcjp . "The present movement opens a new era for Poland .

      " Instructed by experience and thc advances of civilisation the Polish nobles perceived that no formidable coalition could be overcome without the nid of the people , and at thc manifesto of Cracow they came enthusiastically from all quarters . "In vain did a Machiavellic policy , aware of the dangers , endeavour to change an appeal to liberty to au appeal to communism , the signal of a nation ' s freedom resounded in the hearts of the Sclavonians . Religion gave its blessing and its sanction . The national clergy , the manifesto in one hand , and the crucifix in the other , placed themselves at the h « ad of the insurgents . The character of this movement touched the different chords of nations , and brought forth a harmonious accord . Poland enters irrevocably into the order of things proclaimed by France in 1789 ; France acknowledges and owns this new act of fraternity between the two people .

      " Poland was gradually preparing for this renovation . Associated in the defence of these principles of liberty , she had always on thc battle-field mixed her blood with our blood , and her ideas with our ideas . She sympathised in our victories , as in our defeats . In 1830 , she rose at thc sound of our revolution ; and from thc fall of Warsaw dates the decline ofthe principles of liberty on earth . " However languid and weak public opinion may appear in France , it is nevertheless ready to answer to the call of Poland . Religion , the arts and sciences , the tribune , and- the press , every power we possess , are ready to share in this sentiment , ever young , in this interest , ever great .

      " Convinced of the eternal attachment of France to the Polish cause , the central committee follow the example of Poland ; they do not despair , they do not relinquish their labours ; thc moment is come for energy and action , they offer their devotion and their concurrence to their fellow-citizens . " The impulse is given , public sympathy for the Polish cause increases every day ; it must be nourished and cultivated ; we must propagate ideas which will induce the governments of free nations to follow a generous line of policy . " To this end the central committee call upon all the friends of the liberty of nations , of the freedom of conscience .

      ** Poland saved Christendom : she shielded her very oppressors of to-day against the _blo-vof the lslams . Advanced guard of progress and liberty towards the east , her mission is not fulfiied _* . Poland is not doomed to perish ! "Paris , 25 tk March , 1 S 4 C "

      Accounts From Lemberg State That One Ol ...

      Accounts from Lemberg state that one ol the leaders of thc peasantry , called Sedlacz , has been arrested _, lie declared that if he was not immediately set at liberty , he feared for the fate of Tarnow . The authorities set him free , after making him promise to use all his influence to engage the peasantry to resume their works . The Courricr Francais announces the arrest of M . _Tissowski , who exercised thc functions of Dictator during the insurrection at Cracow . He had escaped into Saxony with a French passport , and it was believed that , notwithstanding the appeal to the French Minister at Dresden for protection , he would be delivered by the Saxon police into tlie hands of the Austrian authorities . . ..

      In tbe district of Bochnia , the peasants are led by Koryga , in that of Sandeez , by a peasant of the name of Janoeha . The letter of the Emperor ' * to his faithful Gallicians , " was received with tlie greatest contempt . When one ofthe commissaries , who was -cut to treat with them , alluded to the pr operty of the murdered men , saying that it belonged to the widows and orphans they had left— " Wc have killed tlie old dogs , it is no hard task to strangle thc young ones , " was their only answer . Two of tlie commissaries sent by thc government have been killed , though each was accompanied by an armed force . The Cologne and Breslau journals say , "Gallicia is become a desert ; the bands of peasants that scour tlie country are so well organisedthat it will be a

      , difficult matter to put them down . Tliey have not the slightest regard for thc authorities ; they tear down the proclamations exhorting them to return to their work ; and they demand the lands whose owners they have murdered . There are men among them who persuade them that they hare saved the land , and that tliey must not lay down their arms till their riahts have been acknowledged . All persons peacefully inclined fly the country ; the public ollices are vacant ; government has offered a higher salary , but no one has beeu found willing to run thc risk . " Such arc thc facts published to-day . Instead of being su pressed , tlie insurrection has but taken another tutu , and is becoming a regular civil war .

      Wc can state from good authority that a certain number of the insurgents of Cracow arc with the peasants . In the district of Rszccz , and towards _theCarpathian mountains , great disorders prevails , and the _eonflagrationsare numerous . .

      Accounts From Lemberg State That One Ol ...

      _iln ? n _? _* , ntineC _* _* rt 0 l ' i 8 k _' . neP"ew to Prince _^ : _? An _^ _^'' ,, MJ _* P _* B « _- »« the sc 1 _ues-~ _t V uncle s estate * , as . the community of property between man and wife docs not exist in Aus-Pr _£ _Srw pr ? W _^"' - _'" _'"'ed belongs to the _# w H . t f _i ° r- ' . bo ™ at Spaicha . It is said _^ a _^* _" _^ _- _** _*¦» _™* _xtXSabZ AStam ( Cl ' 0 atia ) ' ° f tbe 31 st of "The general assembly of the district of Szabolec took place on the ictb ult ., andon tho following days _, it vvas numerousl y attendedowing to the events in

      , Gallicia . ; ° ~ - _" "' "In an extraordinary sitting , they decided on an appeal to the Emperor in favour of Poland , that thc affairs ot that couutry might be regulated conformably to justice , and without the effusion of blood . A petition will accordingly be sent to the Emperor . One ofthe speakers advocated that Gallicia should have a constitutional government , aud that this wag to be laid before the Diot . A convocation of the Diet was likewise demanded" All the authorities hare been requested to join in the petition for the convocation of the Diet . "

      Kepm or the Emperor of Austma io tub Gimutiak Rkmossiiusce . —The Emperor of Austria has made the _^ follow ing repl y to the remonstrances recently sent m by the nobles of Croatia agaiust certain measures of the government :- "Wc have read with _fircat dissatisfaction the representation in which you have dared to criticise the resolutions we havo addressed to the general congregation of the United Kingdom , and to direct outrageous attacks against the results of this congregation . Your representations are not only wanting in that respect which is due to our royal authority , but they denote also a want or respect for the memory of your ancestors . They proved , on all occasions , and in suitable terms , then * attachment to our Imperial House ; but you have had the temerity , while referring to them , and turning the legal authority into derision , to pretend

      to shield your unworthy attempts under the mantle of their fidelity . We the more disapprove of your conduct , as your remonstrance , dictated by this temerity , demonstrates in the most evident manner , that you have not reflected that you yourselves , as well as the States of thc United Kingdom , have , at different times , laid complaints at the foot of the throne , pointing out the indispensable necessity » f , reestablishing order iu your assemblies . Consequently , to show ourseives what we have ever wished to be throughout the continuance of our reign—the protector of laws and the preserver of order—we command you , exhorting you with firmness , not to lose sight of the fidelity and the respect you owe to us , to observe henceforth in your _discussions the forms prescribed by the laws , in order that we may not be under the painful necessity of punishing those who prefer rashness to moderation . "

      The Cologne * Gazette announces that the representatives of the three Northern Powers , assembled at Berlin , had adopted the following resolutions relative 10 the republic of Cracow : " 1 . Thc republic of Cracow will continue to be a free state . " 2 . This state , however , shall not possess the privilege of re-organising her militia or of maintaining troops . # " 3 . The three Protecting Powers shall alternatively keep a garrison in the city of Cracow . " 4 . The ancient Royal castlc " shall be transformed into a citadel , to be defended by a park of artillery . " A letter from Dresden states the sum of' 50 , 00011 . ( £ 5 , 000 ) , in bills , was found on the person of the dietator Tissowski , who is imprisoned in that city . He is said to have received these bills from the banker Wolff , of Cracow , and that the funds came from tke government chest at _Wielkza .

      PROGRESS OF TIIE INSURRECTION . ,, _, _* . . " tional states , that its intelligence from G _.-ilhcia describes tbe insurrection as becoming daily more formidable . " Our correspondence , " _itsays , — "Informs us that the Russian troops are redaced to complete inaction , the soldiers confining themselves to protect the security of the roads , and the insurgents beiug now masters of the country . A person from Vienna , connected with the government , writes tbat thereat least 20 , 000 armed individuals who refuse obedience to the orders of tlie civiland military authorities ofthe province . Their organisation , plans , and mode of _manojiivriiig had caused the greatestsurprise to the commander of the trooos . and thev

      had inferred from these circumstances that the insurgents had able chiefs at their head . To those particulars our correspondent adds— ' I have been assured that the rural population of Ukraine , having been apprised of the events in Gallicia , had become agitated , not to murder its landlords , but to demand the abolition of forced labour , and quit and Crown rents , and the possession of a portion of the soil . Austria , not knowing the cause of thc present agitation , imagined that itwas rancorously excited by a great power ; but experience will prove to her that it has deeply-rooted natural causes , the irresistible action of which exercises its influence over upwards of 20 , 000 , 000 serfs . '"

      Sanftrupts, &U

      _Sanftrupts , _& u

      Bankrupts. (From, Tutsdaift Gazette, Apr...

      BANKRUPTS . ( From , _Tutsdaift Gazette , April 14 , 1846 . J Thomas Grooham , Chard , Somerset , baker — James Wallace , Durham , grocer—James Roe , " Manchester , drysalter—John Davis , Shrewsbury , draper . _BASKRDPIcr ANNCLLED . Charles Collins , Kidderminster , yarn dealer , March 16 .

      DIVIDENDS . April 23 , Thomas Kobinson , Eccleston _, Lancashire , lime burner—April 15 , James Cross , Bristol , provision merchant—April 15 , John Batchelor _, Bath , Butcher-April 18 , Wm . Clarkson , Red _Cross-street , City , hoot and shoe maker—April 18 , Benjamin Jones , City-road , draper —April 18 , Christopher Blackmore , _Cork-street , tailor-April 15 , John Wopllams , Charles-street , _Manchestorfquiu-c , builder — John Frederick Cork and James Launcelot de Carle , New Bond-street , coach builders . Certificates to be granted , unless cause be 6 hown to the contrary , on or before May 6 .

      John Turner , Brook-street , Holborn , dealer in printing materials—Thomas Ellis , Great St . Helens , City , wine murchant — Sir John Ross , _Gi-accchurch-street , City , banker —Jonathan Knights , Great Melton , Norfolk , cattle dealer—Charles Gibson , South-street , Grosvenorsquare , cheesemonger — Wm . Kcarton , _Lainb-street , Spital-sauare , cheesemonger—Samuel Harrison , Poole , provision merchant—Charles James Banister , Derby , linen draper—James Sisley , Margate , carpenter—John Dyer Williams , Newcastle-street , City , blacking manufacturer—Charles Henry White , Gravescnd , linen draper —Thomas Knight und Michael Thomas Knight , Bath , upholsterers .

      _PARTKEKSniPS _DiaSOlVEU . R . Bevan and Henry Whitaker , jun ., Wigan , Lancashire , cotton-spinners—Thomas Crook , James Clayton , and John Swarbrick _, Preston , Lancashire , cotton-manufacturers—John Priestley , sen ., and James Priestley , Tottington _, Higher End , Lancashire , cotton-manufacturers—Joseph Butterworth and Robert Ileape _, Rochdale , Lancashire , _wooistaplers—Jowph Butterworth , Benjamin llcape , and Robert Ileape , Rochdale , _Lnncushire , _oil-merchants—Josi-ph Butterworth , and Robert Taylor lteape , Rochdale , Lancashire , _woolstaplcre—Edgar SaundersonandEd < vardLomax , Nottingham , commission-agents—Edgar _Saunderson , Edward Lomax _, and J . B . Payne , Chard , Somerset , _lace-manufacturers—Goorge Gannon aud John Giimion , Latchford , Chester , builders—George Lcggott and Thomas Searby ,

      Kingstonupon-UuII , last-makers — Thomas _Keisall nnd John Chappie , Livei' _|> ool , bricklayers—William Bayley nnd William Crawford _Ni-wby , Stockton , Durham , attorneys Arthur Lett and _*) avid Fraser , King-street , City , accountants—Edward Terry and Robert Irwin , Dudley , Worcestershire , grocers—W . D . Olurkiind John Claik , Liverpool-road , _Isliugtuh , smiths—William Billing and William Amos Wilson , Liverpool , veterinary surgeons—James Reding and William Nieol Judd , _Ludgate-biR , City , printers—Richard Wilkin und Edmund Preston , Liverpool , shipbrokers—W . W . Gill and William Ford Attwood , Cheltenham , artists—George _Walkdcn and Thomas _Walkdcn , Mansfield , Nottinghamshire , solicitors —W . W . Bui-don , Ralph Collingivood , and William French , Bedlington , Northunibcrhiiidshire , brewers—JameB Kerr , and George Kerr , Edinburgh , brewers .

      SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS . Coghill and Co ., Ayr , glass merchants—James Jamie son , Paisley , draper—John Oswald , Edinburgh , share broker—Peter Dawson , Dundee , draper .

      Coroj^Joiflttme

      _Coroj _^ _joiflttme

      Death Punishments. To Ths K1htor Of Tub ...

      DEATH PUNISHMENTS . TO THS K 1 HTOR OF TUB JfOKTHEKN STAR . Sin , —In the Star of last week there is on account 0 the execution of Wicks , it is there remarked that he appears to have been one of the most hardened criminals ever confined within the walls of Newgate , that he in : tended to have murdered the foreman , that he had long premediated the murder ot lii « master , and last of all the intended murder of the young woman ; these are offered as so many reasons why conscientious objections to his execution should hercmoved , as proving that he was master of his actions when he committed thc murder of

      which he was found guilty . * These reasons appear to me to be threefold evidence of his _couetitutionally diseased mind , and wrought up as it _waB b y the society iu which he moved , lie was made sufficiently revongeful for the cruel deed , and rip * in early life for the vengeance of the law . Springing from parents where was wanting the sympathetic cord of love so requisite to unitn both together in trnder watchfulness over tho _prererss disposition of their child , and with stern resolve not to allow any special manifestation of his unfortunate disposition without a corresponding degree of chastisement , ( not tl | e rod . ) for probabl y he had _smarti-d under it , ) hut the chastisement of the mina ¦ the mind when properly * The account of tho execution was taken from on * one ofthe daily papers . —Ed . N . S .

      Death Punishments. To Ths K1htor Of Tub ...

      trained is that which must hold sway _ovur the individual , but he was in tho world without a trainer for good . Tho direction ofthe mind by those who have enlightened love for man ' s happiness cannot bo too early commenced , such teaching creates around the objects of its care a genial atmosphere which _developes the better part of man ' s nature , To the sheriffs , the under-sheriffs , and thc other autho . _ritiss , he gave his thanks for their kindness and exertion in his behalf . Hardened as he was , gratitude for

      kindnesses shown was still living in his bosom . Ho acknowledged the justice of his sentence , with regret for his crime . Ah ! little did he know of the conspiracy of causes which led him to thc commission of his crimo , and the subtlety and craft ot those who affect to pour consolation into the minds of wrctchnd criminals , whilst they uphold a system that a 3 long- as it continues will not cease preparing und sending victims to thc gallows , or he _woald havo loaded with reproaches a people wko boast of their doings for tho heathen , of their philanthropy and love to man , for the neglect of himself .

      Was it possible for Wicks to be again vestored to life , placed in his former abode , surrounded by the same in . centives to crime , and his nature unimproved , he would hy aa inevitable necessity repeat again the crime for which he suffered . The number of executions which he had witnessed had not softened his heart , but doubtless had done much iu preparing his own mind for his cruel end . I cannot think that those who are revengefully inclined would be deterred from committing a similar crime to that for which Wicks suffered , though they were present at his execution . Upon some of weak nerves and less resolution of character it might have some degree of preventive effect , but such individuals are not prevented committing bad deeds suited to their peculiar nature . The _disposition of children if attended to by competent teachers can be so directed as to render the commission

      of such crimes as we every day hear of , when for the punishment of the same law is as frequently called into operation , all but impossible . Should there be some jo irreclaimable and unfit to mix with _general society , their cases call loudly for some national establishment , where evory care and attention would be paid to the diseased minds , I am sorry to say that thero is to be found amongst those who are opposed to death punishments some who have a lingering adherence to some mode of punishment for murderers , where continual pain would be inflicted upon them , some such system , they say , would be ten times moro terrible to offenders than the momentary sufferings upon the gallows . This it the relic of a torture-loving age . Terror has always failed in reforming mnn , Thc terrors of hell deterred not man from pursuing pleasure—the horrors of the inquisition prevented not men from believing nnd avowing their belief in

      erroneous doctrines—the awful sight of one suspended by the neck gives not security against the hand ofthe murderer—nor do the tortures endured by those sent to a penal settlement give security against thc perpetration of crime . Those who would effectually reform man must teach him to _forget revenge , and look to causes which lead to crime rather than to effects of punishment upon society . I do not complain that Johnstone was not food for the gallows , but I do complain of that 6 _j-stem which invested him , and invests others who are pbiced in similar positions to that which he filled , with absolute power over his fellow-men . I cannot bu persuaded otherwise in my own mind than that , if Johnstone had belonged lo the class who serre , instead of belonging to those who command , the jury who found him not ol sane mind would have found no difficulty in consigning him over to Calcraft , although his cruelties had notbeen a twentieth part of what it was pi oved they were at his trial .

      From one who wouw _cosscientiouslv have saved the iife of Wicks . [ This letter came to htmd too late ior insertion in our last number , —Ed , N . S . l

      Proclamation.'

      PROCLAMATION . '

      [The Following Significant Document Has ...

      [ The following significant document has been sent to us from Glasgow . ] WANTED , as Food for Powder , some Fine Young Men , ef good _ciiahacter , to till the places of the BRAVE FELLOWS who fell in bringing about the Civilization of India , according to thu old fashioned method , namely , robbing and murdering tho Inhabitants . About 40 , 000 human beings having been left to rot on TIIE FIELD OF G ( L ) OUY , and many thousands moro having died from _Fatigue , Starvation , a » d Disease ,

      THE HANDSOME BOUNTY OF £ i STERLING Will be given to Aspiring Young Men offering themselves for tlie Noble Occupation of British State Murderers , and that Her Majesty ' s Service may not want lor high-spirited ,

      STRICTLY MORAL MEN , at the head of whom Sir Charles Rapier himself would not be ashamed to march , the following GREAT INDUCEMENT are held out toaU who will engage in it : — 1 . The Recruit is at onje and forever saved the trouble of thinking for himself , and raised to the EXALTED POSITION of an Animated Machine . He may in course of time , if he behaves himself , become as docile and nearly as useful as one of Mumford _. s figures . 2 . Should the Young Man be married , he will have an opportuuity for DESERTING HIS WIFE AND CHIL . DKKN , as he will not be allowed to take them with bim , and tbis kind of Desertion is rather reckoned a beauty than a blemish in the Military Code .

      3 . But _ihould he , poor sinner 1 attempt to Desert himself , he will be treated to A FEW HUNDRED ISA-MIES ON HIS BARE BACK , a delightful species of titillation which oan be better imagined by those who have felt it than described by those who haven ' t . And as a bass ( base ) accompaniment to the sufferer ' s shrieks and groans , the band may appropriately play thc spirit-stirring air of " Britons never shall be slaves , " After being taken down from the triangle , and placed under the cure of the sur _* geon , should his ungrateful and rebellious spirit rather prefer death at once thau recovery that he may endure the remainder of his Sentence , let him be consoled with the reflection that tbe Duke of Villianton has declured such lashings essential to the preservation of discipline in the army ,

      4 . Or if reduced by hunger to the greatest extremity , ( a very common caso during a campaign ) , he should give way to thc temptation of stealing to supply his necessities , he may have a chance of the HIGH HONOUR of being hanged by thc Commander-in-Chief himself , instead of by mere _privnti-s ; for n comfortable assurance of which see Sir Charles Vapwr ' s Address to the Army iu India . 6 . If the Soldier should die of fatigue , or disease , ( to which many more fall victims than to tbe Cannon or Bayonet ) , there will not be any mention of him ; but should he die on the field of battle , he will be entered on the LIST OF GLORY as one rank and file killed , and 11 host of penny-a-liners may shed a lustre around his head by classing him with " the gallant fellows who perished in their country ' s cause !"

      Application to be made to any of the Gentlemen daily parading before the Tontine , Trongate , with coats of a rich Blood colour , and tufts of ribbon at their caps , which strikingly remind us of the Cat o _' Ninetails , and the * ' Black and Blue , " Red and Yellow marks it often leaves on the Soldier ' s back .

      As Extraordinary Miskr.—On Monday Aftern...

      As Extraordinary Miskr . —On Monday afternoon Mr . Baker held an inquest , at the King ' s Anns , Charles-street , City-road , on view of the body of John Jacob Farmer , or John Jacob , about 70 years of age , who died in the workhouse of the parish ot * St . Luke , City-road , from exhaustion , having been removed * from his lodgings , No . 0 , Powcll ' _s-place , Cityroad , " , where were found t _' eruvian and other bonds , with Bank of England notes and gold , to the value ot £ 8 , 056 . lt appeared from the evidence , that in the month of September last the deceased took a room at the above house in 1 _'oweU ' s-pkice , which is kept by two highl y respeetable maiden ladies . He was of thc most reserved habits , and wns not visited by any one . On Sunday afternoon last , as he had

      not been seen for some days , information was sent to Mr . Bacon , master of St . Luke ' s workhouse , who promptly proceeded to the house , when a policeman was called in , by whom the door of his room was forced open . The deceased was found in bed , apparently in a dying state , ani "> thc room exhibited that he , deceased , was in a state of the utmost destitution' Mr . Ree , 11 surgeon of the parish , immediately saw the deceased , who was sinking from want of coramon necessaries . Stimulants were administered , from the effect of which , in about an hour ' s time , he was so far recovered , that he was enabled to be removed to the workhouse . Previously , -Mr Eacon searched the room , upon wliich he discovered in his watch-fob pocket a £ 100 and a £ 50 Bank ol

      England notes net endorsed , and quite new ; in another _pockettsixteen _soverci' _-ns ; and at the head of the bed a roll of papers , which proved to be Brazilian , Spanish , anil Peruvian bonds , of thc value of £ 8 , 490 , scrips of which _h-ul been _talicn off , -md thc interest on them paid . These had been originally received by him , as they bad not been endorsed . At the workhouse ho was urged to state who were his relations , but he obstinately refused to make any communication . He was attended by Mr . Courtcney , the house surgeon , who was not able to prolong his existence but a few hours . From the conversation of the wretched man , it appeared that he was constantly in the practice of depriving himself of the necessaries of life , one of the means by which he thought it possible to support life , without food , being daily to saturate his body with oil of olives . This was evident

      from thc state in which his apparel was discovered , as tbey were all soaked with oil ; these , also , as well as his body , being completely blackened , as it was his practice to mix soot with oil . A shirt and flannel waistcoat he wore had been so long ' on him , that they were joined together . The Brazilian _bondo were for £ 100 and £ 200 , and the Spanish bonds for _* » ° 20 each . There was an address in one of them , No . 3 , Old Kent-road ; but , on inquiry being made there , he was not known . The whole ofthe propertv is in tlie possession of Mr . Bacon , and who was the only witness examined . The coroner , having taken his evidence , said that , as tho deceased had died iu the possession of so much money , he would adjourn the inquiry to give the relatives au opportunity to come forward . The inquest was adjourned to Monday next .

      Mvm In&Ufjpiuk

      MvM in & _UfjpiUk

      Lonoon Cons Exchange, Mosday, April 13th...

      _Lonoon Cons Exchange , Mosday , April 13 th . * - At this day ' s market we had a moderate supply of English Wheat , the fine runsof which found ready buyers , at the currency of this day week . The transactions in bonded were chiefly in small parcels to millers , who clear by certificates , the value of which has advanced to 10 s . per quarter . Fine Barley was alone m request ; other sorts the turn cheaper , which remark also applies to Malt . No change in the value oi" hog Peas . Boiling sorts arc full Is . dearer . Beans ls . lower . We have a . " good arrival of Irish Oats , but the quantify of English and Scotch is only trilling . Good fresh horse Corn was taken by consumers at the currency of this day week , but parcels out of condition , or light qualities , were difficult of sale , and couid have been bought on somewhat lower terms .

      CURRENT PRICES OF GRAIN , FLOUR , AND SEED IN MARK-LANE . BEITI 3 U OIUIX . Shillings per Quarter , Wheat .. Essex < fc Kent , white , new .. 49 to 63 .. 57 to 70 Ditto , red il 59 53 65 Suffolk aud Norfolk , red .. 47 57 white 49 62 Lincoln and York , red .. il 57 white 49 62 Northumb . and Scotch ... 47 60 Rye „ .. _, 2 _S 38 _JJarley .. Malting .. _,. - .. SO 34 extra 37 — Distilling 2 fi 29 Grinding 23 26 Malt .. Ship 53 57 Ware 59 61 Oats .. Lincolnsbire and Yorkshire , feed , 21 s Od 'to Tis Gd ; potato , or short , 22 s ( id to 2 fis ( id ; Poland , ' . ' 2 s 6 d to 27 s tid ; Northumberland

      and Scotch , Angus , 21 s Od to 25 s ( _, 'd ; potato , 21 s Od to 25 s Gd ; Irish feed , 20 s 6 d to 22 s 6 d ; black , 20 s 6 d to 22 s 6 d ; potato , 21 s Gd to 24 s 6 d ; Galway , 19 s fid to 20 s 6 d . Beans .. Ticks , new 32 30 old 38 44 Harrow , small , new „ 34 38 old 49 46 Peas ,. White 3 T 43 boilers 40 44 Gray and hog .. .. 38 36 Flour ., Norfolk and Suffolk „ a 49 Town-made ( per sack of 2801 bs ) 46 53 Buckwheat , or Drank .. „ _., 30 22 ENGLISH SEEDS , ic . Red clover ( per cwt . ) „ „ „ 42 to 72 White clover ( per cwt . ) „ 47 70 Rapeseed ( per last ) .. .. £ 26 28 Mustard seed , brown ( per bushel ) 7 s to lis : white , 7 s to IDs .

      Tares , ( per bushel ) , spring , 0 s . ; winter , 5 s . to 6 s . Cd Linseed cakes ( per lOOu of alb each ) £ U to £ 12

      FOREION _62-AUI . Shillings per Quartet , Free . In Bond , Wheat .. Dantsic and Konigsberg 63 extra 70 „ 46 — 59 Ditto ditto .. 54 — SI .. 44 — 52 Pomeranian _. & c An ialtOG — 63 .. 44 — 82 Danish , Ilolstein , & c . .. 54 — 61 „ 42 — 48 Russian , hard .. ,. — Ditto , soft - .. 55 — 58 .. 39 — 48 Spanish , hard .. „ — Ditto , soft .. .. 58 — 62 .. 44 — frl Odessa & Taganvog , hard — Ditto , soft „ „ 53 — 58 ., 39 — 48 Canadian , hard ., ,. — Ditto fine „ „ 58 — 60 Rye . Russian , Prussian , & c . — BarU .. Grinding 23 — 26 Ditto , distilling .. .. 26 _ 38 ,. 18 — 26 Oats .. Dutch , feed .. .. 22 — 25 Ditto , brew and thick .. 25 — 27 „ 20 — 21

      Russian u _ 9 _H . iq _ on Russian 24 _ 26 .. 19 — 20 Danish ii Mecklenburg 24 — 2 ( 1 .. 18 — 21 Beans .. Ticks , 33 to _« 8 , small ., 36 — 40 .. 28 — 36 Egyptian 33 — 35 .. 28 — 38 Peas .. White , 32 to 43 , gray .. 33 — 36 Flour .. Dnntsic and Hamburgh ( per barrel ) , fine 30 32 , superfine „ „ 32 — 34 ., 23 - 28 Canada , 30 to 33 , United States 32 - 35 .. 26 - 28 Buckwheat „ .. „ „ 30 — 32 .. 24 — 2 fl

      _FOBEIGN SEEDS , d _* C , Per Quarter . Linseed .. Petcrsburgh and fli ' ga ( free of duty ) .. 42 to 43 Archangel , 40 to 45 , ilemol and Konigsberg 39 41 Mediterranean , 40 to 48 , Odessa .. 42 44 Rapeseed ( free of duty ) per last .. .. £ 2 i 26 ttea Clover ( 18 s per cwt . and 5 per cent , on the duty ) 42 64 White ditto , 47 78 Tares , small spring ( free of duty ) 4 0 to 44 , large .. 44 St Linseed cake ( free of duty ) , Dutch , £ 6 10 s , £ 7 .

      French , per ton .. .. „ ., .. £ 7 0 , £ 7 10 Rape cakes ( free of duty ) _.. ,. „ .. £ 5 10 £ 5 15 and 5 per cent on thu duty '

      Ayerage Prices Of The Last Six Weeks, Wh...

      AYERAGE PRICES Of the last six weeks , which regulate the Duties front thi 2 nd to the 8 th of April . Wheat Barley Oats . Rye . Beans Peas Week Sliding s * _4 * s - d - 8 - d _* i 8 ' * * *** s ' *« Feb . 21 , 1840 ., 65 0 20 11 21 6 _| _s 2 10 3 i 9 34 Week ending i . Feb . 28 , 184 G „ 54 6 29 7 21 5 ! 38 4 34 2 35 J Week ending Mar . 7 , 1846 .. 54 10 29 3 2110 33 6 34 11 33 8 Week ending Mar . 14 , 1846 .. 54 3 29 4 21 9 34 2 35 2 34 9 Week ending Mar . 21 , 1816 .. 55 1 29 10 22 0 33 10 34 4 33 4 Week ending Mar . 28 , 1816 .. 55 5 30 2 22 1 34 0 35 0 33 3 Aggregate average of the last , six weeks .. 54 10 20 8 21 9 33 7 34 . 9 34 1 Londou averages ( ending Mar . 31 , 11846 ); GO 2 32 5 23 G S 5 5 33 10 39 6 Duties .. .. / 18 0 9 0 6 _Oj 9 6 8 6 8 6 PROVINCIAL CORN MARKETS . Richmond ( Yorkshire ) , _Saturday , April 13 . — We had a plentiful supply of grain in our market today . The prices continue much the same . "Wheat sold from 5 s . to 8 s . 9 d . ; oats , 3 s . to 4 s . 3 d . ; barley , is . to 4 s . 3 d . ; beans , os . to 5 s . Cd . per bushel . Liverpool * Cor «* Market , Monday , April 13 . — With moderate supplies of each article of the trade we continue to experience a good general demand , and the stocks of all free grain are diminishing . From abroad , the arrivals comprise a few parcels of Wheat and Flour from the United States , and of Indian Corn from the Mediterranean , Th _< .-re has been little change in prices since this day week ; the principal business has been in old Wheat of fine quality ,

      of Irish new , and ot both these the market was unusually bare , 'the sales of sack and barrel . Flour have been to a fair extent . A few hue Irish mealing Oats have brought 3 s . 3 d . per 451 bs ., but the demand for them has " . been inconsiderable . Oatmeal has sold on somewhat better terms , and there are not more than one or tivo good parcels [ on sale . The business in Barley , Beans , and Peas has been confined to retail purchases , but holders show no desire to _f _^ _ive way in price . Ii . dian Corn , free , has been in request during the week , and prices _haye further improved a little ; line white States Corn has been sold at 39 s . to 40 s . aud yellow at 36 s . to 38 s . per _4-SOTos . There has been no disposition towards Grain and Flour , under bond , and the quotations are merely nominal .

      Manchester , April 11 . —But little animation has been apparent in the Flour trade during the week , and in the value of any description , except in inferior and unknown marks , which might have been purchased on comparatively low terms , no material alteration in prices occurred , Oats and _XtotmeaJ , being in scanty supply , met a steady sale at fully the previous currency . At our market this morning a tolerable extent of business was transacted in Wheat at the full rates of this day se ' night , and , in some instances , prime supplies were held for a slight advance . Choice qualities of FloHr were in steady though not extensive request at former prices ; but other kinds were extremely difficult of sale . A lair demand was experienced for Oats at an improvement of Id . per 4 olbs . ; and the best runs of Oatmeal moved off froelv at 33 s . to 34 s . Cd .

      Wakeiikld , Tuureday . —We have moderate supplies of all Grain this week . There is a thin attendance of buyers owing to our market being held off the usual day . Wheat of all description meets with a fair inquiry at the prices of last week . _liarley of fine quality is scarce and easy sales , other sorts are difficult to quit except for grinding purposes . Beans are rather dearer . Oats and shelling each in tolerable demand , without alteration in value . Malt firm .

      STATE OF TRADE . Makchkster . —There is little of novelty to be observed in our report of the state ot the market this week , as compared with the last . The extent ol * business is still limited , but we may notice the gra > ¦ dual rise of abetter feeling , owing as weli to the ; settlement of affairs in the east as to the satisfactory * advices from tho United States . Prices do not vary j from our last quotations . Leeds . —The Woollen trade of this town and i neighbourhood remains in much the same state of f quietness ns we havo had to report for some time e past . Until the question " What is to be done with u the new railway schemes ? " is answered , and the e

      Irish Coercion Bill , and the New Tariff , are . passed d into law , —if they are to be , of which there arc some ie few who entertain gravo doubts—no material change ; e in the demand for our manufactures is looked for . r . As wc have repeatedly stated , stocks aie not low , ir , and , with the care manifested by mei chants , as well ill as manufacturers , they are not likely lo increase se much . Prices unaltered . _iluDDEnsni-ia ) . —There was another very quiet et market here on Tuesday , aud not much business ; _ssi done , especially in the Hall . There was a slight de- le- ¦ dine in the prices of some description * *; of goods , _ds _,, which , as now anticipated , have reached their level , el „ The stocks of desirable goods are but small , although ighi in low qualities there has been a slight accumulation iom during the past month .

      Bradford . —We are sorry to say that the staple . plea trade of this town continues in a very depressed _sedi state . Thc Yarn department is in a shocking con . ondition , for although much has been done , by limiting ing thc supply , to get prices to a remunerating point , int „ the endeavour has as yet failed of accomp lishing its its object . For Wools there is little demand , but the thee prices remain firm . But a small » _m » imt , ot _^ _esties wero effected in the piece market 011 Thursday , andand _* prices wero a shade lower than oh the previous maiNUW ket day .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 18, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_18041846/page/7/