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Northern Star (1837-1852), 16th January 1847, Edition 3 of 3, Page 7, UEV EL.VriOSS _ OF AUSTRIA. so » • • w w...

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      Uev El.Vrioss _ Of Austria. So » • • W W...

      UEV EL . VriOSS __ OF AUSTRIA . so » • w w « _revealed some portion of the mysteries of 1 \\ e have revea led - » future timC i revcal m ( , . Rt Russia _, and shall » ,. _, aomc of t . e secrots rf tbe we we now propo * e } ° " _•* A' Austrian dt * _sg _^ orn most al , thatcan be told of We _t-aj sc _^ ' ar jcd its secrets revealed , so pro-A _Austria mus . i _^ _^ _^ . _^ _^ _^ . _^ _^ ft found is ' _"" _. _ge ., their _system . hi hitl _""* _" . ¦ . i . _Pliina _e . f V . nmiiP tbp _nrr-ri-i * _nnanr hi hi ther 1 ' t } je cbinaof Europe the arch-conscr

      „ . _^ _^ ; - r ra ' _tive oi" the existing state of things . It is the iu-- ' -ub is crn-hins some of the fairest portions of £ aw rope Nations the most dis-imiiar in language and ol ot ir natural , political , and social characteristics , ai are br .-u . ht lo _; eth r under one government , and d _com-ielled to s .. bmit tn the barb-. ron * _* , mind-crushing d des " _- _< tism of Vienna . IVles , Italians . H unitarians , J Bohemians , Tyro _' . _esc , _lUyriaus , _Wallachians , Trans i » lvanians , Ac , < tc , are subjected to a yoke which a annihila tes liberty , prevents happiness , and forbids p pr _^ ress Thirty-two millions of peop ' e are ruled t by « ome -ervn _^ or eight millions ot Germans—Y We I eg Germany ' s pardon , we should * _-ay

      _Au--triansi who are _tlicmselvts the si _ives of the Kaiser . The Austrians are the gaolers ot the abovenamed na-1 tions : while those nations are compelled to supply _l the force _necessary for the subjection ofeach . other . ; Italia- soldiers are transported to Galicia to act a- * i _tjio executioners of Poland ; Hungarians are sent to It . il-. - ; Tyrolese tu Bohemia ; and so on throughout the -mpire . Be _<* ides this , class is set against cla ss in t lie- < N 4 iqut red countries , that the _government may _ni-ir _* easily _subelue the vanquished . The recent _bloo iy massacres in Gallicia were deliberately organised by the government iu accordance with this infernal " policy . In 1830-31 , when the _Huni-arian _arii ' ociacv exhibited an intention of marching tothe

      aid -it the Polish patriots , the Austrian government par . il >> ed thc Hungarian sympathisers , by employing _a-ainst them the means recently used for the destruction of the Polish nobles . Mental liberty and niorUity are both proscribed under the _Aus trian system . " The censorship exists in the utmost rigour , and education is used hut as the means of rearing mind bound >! ave * . The government appoints the teaihers , prepares the bonks , and enjoins thc exact _language in which the teachers impart ins truction , Mu . b . has been said of the happy state of the population of Vienna ; but the capital affords no illustration of the condition of the people of the empire , Moreover , Vienna is , before all others , the abode ot

      frivoli ty and dlia _luteness . Gambling , waltzing , and _iceutiottsness , form the occupation and enjoyments of the debased aristocracy , more barren of great names than any other aristocracy at present existing . The late confiscation of Ci _* £ . cow has directed _imiveisnl attention to the three devil po . vers combined together to _re-sist the progress of freedom . The fact that Cracow has been appropriated by Austria _, cond ined with the bloody tragedy—rivallin 2 that ot St . b . _iribidemew—enacted in Gallicia in the spring of last year , by Austrian _agents , has canted special attention to be directed towards Austria . At this moment therefore , any revelation of the state and policy of that despotism must be more than ordinarilv _inteiestins .

      A book has been recently published , entitled " Revelations of Austria , " from the pen of M . lvoubrakiewicei , an ex-Austrian functionary _, which has helped to throw considerable iigiit npon that " mystery of iniquity" over which Ferdinand _reiens and Metternich rules . The b » ok comes before us edited by tbe author of _"R-velations of _Russia . " a trustworthy authority , whose works have b ' _-et ! of _incaletilable service * , in _unveiling the 1115 s t « rirs of Eastern Europe , and the enormities of the Rus-ian system . We reserve to the _conclusion any remarks we mayfeel call <> d upon to make in opposition to some of the _riens of tbe author . For the present weshall confine ourselves t <> extracts illustrative of the Aus'rian _syst tn under which M . Koubrakiewio 1 wa- born and br : d and in the service of which he passed many years of his life .

      _rne norcc or sirnEcuo , Oit of twenty-oae _dynastiet which _govsrn and oppress Mo-irihic . il Europe , or that _reigu and not govern , there are eighteen of _German ori . in . _Ao-on-jst these the first place is _occupied by the dynasty of Hab-bur _^ , from which _proeeed thu Sovereigns ot _AustrU since the ISth Century , of which Adolphas , _Couat of _Habrburg , was the founder , and which reckons in all , according to the genealogical _alinan-eck of Saxony , forty-five legitimate members , ol whom twenty-seven are _PririCfsan- * _tighten . Princesses .

      Absolute sovereigns formerly bore the title * of Despot ? _, and after that ot Kaiser . } the two first of these titles became rather a detestabl y ignominious , than au _h-innurrble epithet , in consequence ot the abuses ce _. minit'ed by _absolute Monarchs ; _th < - title of K _< iser , on the contrary , *» as sanctioned hy the French , Pedisli , and Rus . Han Scripture , which enjoined to ren . ler up Kais-r , ( C * ar _* ir , _Cetirz Tzar ) that "nhich is Kaiser ' s , and to lender up t _> God tha ; which belongs to God , thus thc _Autfia-i sovereigns have taken , . ind retained up to the * prestnt , this latter title of Kaiser ; and their wives that of _Kaisrrinn , the _prine-es and princesses bearing that o ' Archduke ? and Archduchesses .

      Tbe prestnt Kaiser , Ferdinand the First , it is said , _displayed , up to the age of eighteen or twenty years , some cleverness and _independaace of character ; it was _presaged of him that when he became sovereign he would not follow che immutable system nf his father , Francis the lirst , so much so that he was disliked both by his father and by Metternich , who were desirous that Francis Charles , the second _fon , who inherited all the _systerna' . ii- qualities of his father , -Jiuuld succeed tu the throne . Being one _uay out hunting in company with his father , Mr . Metternich aud either sportsmen , tiie Archduke Ferdinand narrowly escaped being killed , by a shot fired at him , but the assassin uas never discovered . Another time an Austrian officer fired a pistol at him . within a few yards distance , hut be missed him . T ! is man , when _discovertd , was found to have had an _access of madness .

      biaereiit reports were circulated in Galicia as to the true _autlors of these attempts , called . 4 ustr _* aii accidents . Itis said , indeed , that the conjugal impotence , epilepsy audi nbtcillity of Ferdinand , are only the consequences of h \ i : b accidents . * * * Tbe Kaisers owe their numerous acquisitions to marr ages , treaties , and for the most part to tbeir perfidies . Thev hare raTely been fortunate in their expeditions , wh * u _ajienly combating with military strategy and tactii s . They have rarelj won victories , but _almost always succeeded by calling into play the springs of hidden influenecs ; « nd hy employing a sut _. _trrreneous strat > gy have _sreneraliy triumphed over their adversaries .

      They have never despaired , however bad their position _. Mure * than once , during the last two centime * their monarchy has been on tke print of crumbling in _tliedjsr , lhrou » h the loss of unfortunate _buttles , and more than once _tliej have eotae out . _triueiiphnne , by f .. lloHir _;; , . those tortuous paths where cunning ti of more avail than . trength . M . _K-mbrafeicwicz rntera into a long account of Austrian treacheries , citing such famous _personages as Henry the Fourth of France , Wallenstein , Duke of _Fricellaud ; _Guitavus Adolphus of Sweden , and Napoleon , as the most illustrious of the innumerable

      Tictims of Austrian perGdy . The statements he makes arc- curious , and the inferences drawn so _asto-indintf , that wc should be compelled to refuse assent dd not ti . e recent horrors in Gallicia assure us that there is no act too vile or villainous , base or _bl-. _oely , thatthe despotism of _U'stria wonld hesitate to perform for Ihe furtherance of its hellish end-. Our author ' s review of the designs of Austria pursued through many < : enerations f .. r the destruction nf l '» latid , form * a chapter in the history of tbat 111-late _. J eountry _exceedin- 'ly " interesting , but we must pass on tu faets belonging to the present time .

      _TUfc ACSTBIAN _ADMIKISTBATION . In order to be more sheltered from all attack , and ali _veproichuf absolutism , the Kaiseis transfer the charge of tht management of the government mechanism , to a _niims- tr Hho bear * the title of High Chancellor , and « ho " commonly styled in Poland , Austrian Visier , in _couseqtteoi e cf the _analoj-y < , f his functious and authority with tbe * t 0 f tht Grand Visier iu Turkey . The two other _"Diuiftew of police and finance , as well as all the presidents of tribunals aud chanceries , arc mere clerks of this Crane ; Chaucellor . Thi _administritian of all political and judicial affairs •' tun .- entrate . lin Vhniia . _Politicaliffairs , comprising *!*¦ " -d * 'e _clergy aud of religion , are managed , 01 dct _' ed _withuut appeal , _l-y [ the Chancellor of the court tH'ifluuzelei ) . Financial affairs are- _mienage-d by tha *¦••¦ - ¦ ' himself , and by the chamber of accounts ( Hof . kaminer ) .

      'he Austrian empire consists of din rs people , aedproviti ecs At the head of each _province , excepting _Kunp'i , there is a governor , who has hie council , called '" 'U . _ruiuin . The counsellors , the _secretaries , and other ° _ffieeri _nl-ii-h e . ni . pose tbe _Guberniutn , are nam < d by the _, _*' ' * ¦ ' or hy hi , c ' _.-wii-erf . The governor has A right to "• _todt w , _aji mat _.,. rs tven against the advice _» f his ccuiill * Ue is the _political representative ; and in cases _fatci _EsiU or of dauger , thc absolute master ofthe pro" ¦ _ee . l _.-. _ranl is derived from tlie Greek « ord _Tuiavrot and _"NlirsKin-ror Prince . . ' _J'trpot comes from _Uc-iortu and signifies _govercign _il-iltr . » _Ani / fr comes from the Greek word Ka < na _? which is n "l . ted into French by _Cecear , into Polish by C « Jarj , _"toRiisiia _py l ; ar , into Gtrniim by Easier .

      Uev El.Vrioss _ Of Austria. So » • • W W...

      The chief , ofthe temporal and spiritual am , the generals and officers , the Archbishops , _Bishoas and Priests the official , employed , . „ d . if _^& _" hiiu a _blinu ob . dience . In coate _q . * e _* , Ce of this « b , olnt . power , he is called in Gallicia the _KaisSal _sX _" THE 04 LLICUK mET evS ve « r 5 B 0 f , h " iCia . * _establi 6 l _>^ > nl 8 l 7 , Uconvok . d every year in the month of October I . im composed of fonr estates ; Firstly .

      _theBceUtlaa-S _^ rh . - _* _» th ! , t ° _« _»«»«««»; Thirdly , tbat of _Stlachth ; _ann Fourthl y , the Burgher estate . The first estate _,. represented b j all the _ArchbUbops , Bishops , and two Delegates tr _.-m each chapter ; the _, econd estate computes ail the Princes , Count . . a ,, d B .-r- _* _ui ; the third . state contains ull the _Silacbcit or ancient Polish Militia which the Kaiser had assimilated to the Gennanio Kmghti ( Hitter ., In order for a Silachcic _toappe-arat the diet and bear the title of Kuncio , lien . usi be acknowledged as Ktiight by th * Emperor , and pay to the Kaiser 78 florin * ' £ u' yearly , as Seigiimial t « .

      That w to say for _Xhe right ot exacting forced labour from the Polish peasantry . The fourth estate comprises two deputies from the capital , Leeiped , one of whom is always Burgomaster of _Le-opol , aud the other a citizen of _Lupol , chosen by thc Burgomaster . The Burgomaster 18 always a thorough bied German , and a _strauj-er not e-n ! y to the tonu but also to Gallicia ; he is besides a secret councillor ofthe Kaiser ' s ( Gcheimrath ) The Diet , thus composed , me _. ts and disperses on the day fixed _u-jOii by tne Kaiser . It is _expreaily forbidden the Diet to interfere iu all matters relative to public admiuistratiou . It is only allowed to occupy itself with the means of augmenting ike pruUuciiuns ol the country . The right of petition is granted to it 011 _condition that Uie petition be signed by the Governor .

      TUE _CEHSOKsniP . The Austrian c _. nsorship is f . r more systematically arbitrary than that of any other of t ' ie absolute states . The introduction and reading of _newspaye-M and Per _linii books , printed in Kussiau Poland , were , until the insurrection of Poland , iu 1830 , ev « n more strenuously forbidden tbau French books and newspapers . In ur _. ler iu persuade aud force th Poles _indirectly to learn German , a little more liberty is accorded to German than to the Poiish authors . All that ia destined to appear in print , all drawing * _, _engravings , and paintings , must pass a censorship , and rueetwith its appro al .

      It is forbidJen for Austrian subjects to have their books printed by forcinners , without the .-permission of the auhc chancery , at Vienna . Gotutantine Slotwinski , an ei .-oliieer of tbe French Empire , Chevalier nf the _L-.-gion of Honor . Imperial Commissary of his department _. Librarian to tiie Polish library at Leopol , a celebrated jurisconsulist , and a . istinguished reri er , bad received s smalt prayer book , printed in Paris , aud sent to bim in secret , either by a friend or by an Austriau agent . He had been long suspected by tbe police of patriotism and love of Poli b _nationality . At nriduight bis house was unrounded by Draguuns , and he was dragged from his bed . His wife , just out of her confinement , was turn from the embraces of ber husband , und clinging desperately to him , was stunned by the butt-end of their gout , which caused her to expire upon the spot . Slotwinski was sentenced to twenty years hard labour _jfaef _carcerem durisiimum . )

      Iu a \ 1 Austriau Poland , there are but five printing establishments , three at Leopol , one at Tamove , aud on ; atPrzemysI . This last belongs to a Pole , aud only prints religious songs ; the four others t > Germans , to _ntiom this privilege is almost exclusively _accordod lu all Austrian Poland there is but one newspaper , in German aii . i Polish , this last is composed eif four pages in quarto , and is only allowed to print news unconnected with podtics , as contained in the Austriau journal , the '" Obsei ver , " edited at _Vitnna by the private _secretary of the High Chancellor . The tensors of the _nesvspapers are atthe same time tbe functionaries or paid _ug « ts * f the _E-nnereT .

      We have good authority for stating what the author dues nut seem to be aware of , that Slotwinski is now out of prison . Let ns here add that the Polish nobleman , Zaboklicki Vincent , Zalcwski Leoi ., aiid others who freed their peasants , were arrested aud punished aa ret els , condemned and sent tu Spielberg . To return to the censorship , —

      STATE eE GALLICIA . In Gallicia the wretchedness of the Burghers , Jews , and particularly ofthe peasantry , surpasses all that can he couccived . The Pulish peasants can afford even black bread only three or four months of the year : they live the remainder of the time oh potatoes , with the exception of three or four months in the spring : when driven to subsist on green meat , extreme privation renders these poor wieiches sallow , iheir bodies swell , and fever carries away thousands—particularly children and aged persons—every year . Out of a hundred cVildren born , at least sixty die before the ' age of six , and it is rare in Ga - _licia to see a peasant seventy _y eaTs of age . At _tlies me time Gallicia produces three times as much com as would pre > p _.-rly support its population , which amounts to upwards of four millions , but the taxes are so high , and money is so scare , that very of ten the whole crop does not sum _' _.-e to pay the Kaiser his _eiircct taxes .

      A V -l . sh nobleman r . _lio hns but a single village , consisting of Joity or fifty peasant- ' huts , with three 01 four thousand acres , with mills , ponds , and public houses upon thtm , is olteu not able to pay the schooling of hi * two sons . Out of one hundred proprietors the property of ninety is Seised , sequestered , or evtniually sold to pay the taxes , _, . A body ofthe landholders made a written declaration iu which they _assigned over their property to the Kaiser on condition of his granting them subsistence , out the K :. iser refused to accept tbeir offer ; he ev _. n _desirci the authorities iu tuture not to transmit to Vienna such declarations of which he .- could not take cognisance , Begging is forbidden , but there is no provision made for the poor and aged .

      Stomal Antf Fovt^Ix Fcttcuijpnce, New Ze...

      _Stomal antf fovt _^ _ix _fcttcUijpnce _, NEW ZEALAND . Thc barque Mary , Levens , arrived at Plymouth on the Oth of January ; left Auckland , September 20 . Her Majesty ' s ship Castor , 30 , Captain Cnarles Graham ; her Majesty ' s ship Racehorse . 13 , Commander George J . Hay , and a sloop of-war , not the _Car-sfurtd , were at Auckland . A native chief , of Ranghietas tribe , was prisoner on board one of these ships . The settlement of Auckland is in a most flourishing condition . The Government are erecting barracks upon a most extensive scale . Happily for this settlement the neighbouring tribe , that of the Waicata , the most populous on thc island , is friendlv _disponed towards the settlers , for whom _thi-y willingly labuur fur hire . CAPE OF GOOD HOPE . Cape of Good Hope papers have been received to the lOth . of November .

      Reinforcements of troops had arrived at Graham ' s Town , and several vessels had succeeded in landing provis i ons at _Waterloo Bay . A severe gale bad visited _AL-oa Uny from tin- south east , and extended along the coast , caus . ii ; .- much damage to the Bhippini ; . Five vessels were driven ashore in _Alg-ia Bay , ami there were one or two shipwrecks at Port K'iKabelh . There was good reason to hope that the * Kaffir war was at last ended ; and as the British authorities bad had very wisely exacted unconditional surrender , there is a prospect of such arrangement as will secure tranquillity _uj'i-n the extended frontier of onr South African _pos-e-s-ions for rrany years to _c- ' _-me . Maconio having submitted , Sandilla was inclined to follow , and , ns a earnest of gnod faith , had already ordered his subjects to surrender part of their arms . Both the Kaffir and Tambookie chiefs were submitting . FRANCE .

      A serious c urn riot took place on tbe 4 th instant , in the market of _LencJoitie . The price of wheat was _2-lt " . the hectolitre , when a man named Rabreu presented himself _^ accompanied by several peasants , and asked to have it reduced to 15 f . This nut being complied with , the crowd rushed on thc seller .-: , and cut the com sacks ,-so that in a short time tlie market place was _sti'e-ved with wheat . Thc National Guard was called out , but the riot becoming more and more serious , the ceiidarni _« ry were _obliged to act , and the peasants continuing to press ou them , and to overwhelm them wffh stones , they were forced to use their sabres , and 2 menwere killed . _Niahtput a stop to the disturbance , and thc Prefect of Vienne , being informed ofwliathad taken place , sent from Poitiers a squadron of Cuirassiers and a detachment of the troops of thc line .

      Symptoms of increasing distress in P _.-iris are perceptible . The number oi " persons who avail themselves of the relief afforded by the power to obtain bread at a reduced price through the benevolence of the public was _augmenting . The Municipal Council of Paris voted on Friday , without opposition , a sum of 288 , 000 francs for that object . The Echo Agrieu ' e states , that within the last three days thc price of flour hod incrva -ed in the Pari * -, market by nearly ovi » franc per sack . The quantity suld on Saturday amouutcd to 7 , 323 quintals . Very little wheat was offered for sale on that day , and the priced evinced a tendency to rise . DREADFUL DESTITUTION- OF THE r _80 R—8 EBI 0 US

      _Dlt-ASTEBS l'he Referme remarks , tbat whilst the Ministerial journals are filled with details of the distress existing in Ireland , thty are silent with respect to the sutferinK 8 of the labouring classes throughout France . In eorrobori _' tion ofits statement , the Reforme publishes the following letter , dated St . Aingnan , the 31 insf . . *—" Disaster * * of every kind are being accumulated on our heads . Inundations , dearness of provisions , and riots , — - ! repeat riots ; simple peasants , ordinarily most peaceably , bave had ihe great temerity to complain too Joudiy of their sufferings , to menace the authorities , and to destroy soma measures used by dealers in corn which were fouud to be deficient io capacity . This demonstration produced a visit

      Stomal Antf Fovt^Ix Fcttcuijpnce, New Ze...

      ' rom tho officers of the Crown , to St . Aisrnan , acjnmpaniedby an immense military force , when some ¦ _joor wretches were arrested and condemned to pay fines snd suffer imprisonment , _whilst tha inhabitant * ire compelled to feed and lodge the troops despatched from Blnis . Our small towns presents tinniest afflicting spectacle . At tours the prisons are Sited to excess . All the towns in the neighbourhood , as Romorantin , Chati » _en-sur _* lndre , and Mnntrichard , are treated with equal severity . When will all this finish ?" The Reforme publishes also the following letter fmm Yvetot , in Normandy : —

      ' ¦ The _miserv existing in this country is frightful . We reckon 300 indigent faimRes , out of a populatimi of 10 , 000 . Charitable workhouses have been established , where all the unemp loyed are received , but those homes _ttitail considerable expense on thc inhabitants ; and notwithstanding the collections made . and the other means adopted to procure funds , it is to he feared that the available resources ofthe town will be speedilv exhausted . " The Journal des Debatt states that serious di » - turbnnces had takon place in thc department of tbe Vienna , in consequence of the hiRh price of com . Several National Guards who attempted to prevent sacks of wheat fron being p _hased were disarmed , and even a bodv of Gendarmes were obliged to retreat before the victorious - mob , and to entrench _themselves in their barracks . These occurrences took place at the mr . rket of Lencloitre , near _Chatel Ilerault .

      OPBNISO OP THB _TRUNdl CHAMBERS . On Mondav the French Chambers were opened with the usual monarchial fooleries , not _forgettinii the usual militarv precautions for the purpose of shielding " his Mnjastv" Louis Philippe from any _extm Td _' uiMy exhibition of tiie , " loyalty" _ofhis faithful people ! THE SPEKCn . " Gentlemen , Peers , and D < puties , — " Tn summoning you to resume the labour ofthe

      session , my first wish is that you slmuld afford mv Government all your co-operation , in order to relieve the sufferings which this vear distress a part of nir population . 1 have hastened to order the measures bpst calculated to attain that object . 1 trust , that by the firm maintenance of order , by the liberty am ' security of _commnrcial transactions , by an _ampl" and judicious application of tbe public resources efficiently airiine the real of private charity , we shall mitigate these trials , with which Providence sometimes visits the n « nst prosperous states .

      " Mv relations with all the foreign Powers afford me the . firmest confidence that the peace ofthe world continues secure . ' The _marriase of ray beloved son , the Duke de Montpensier , with my beloved niece the Infanta of Spain , Luisa Fernanda , hns ' _nmn'ct-d < h- satisfac tion and consolation which Providence has vouchsafed me in my family . This union will be a fresh pledge of those good and intimate relations which have so long subsisted between France and Sua in and the maintenance of which is as desirable for the prosperity as for the reciprocal security of th < two States . " I have reason to hope that the affairs of La Plata will , before lone , be adjusted conformably to th * views adopted bv my Government , in concert with that of the Queen of Great Britain , for the _re-establishment ofthe security of our commercial relations in those countries .

      " I have concluded with the Fmperor of _Rttg-na a treaty of _nnvication , which guarantees to us , by a just reciprocity in our maritime relations with that empire , advantages which it was important to us to preserve . "An unexpected event has impaired the state o _< affairs lonnded in Europe by the last treaty of Vienna . The re-public of Cracow , an independent and neutral state , has been incorporated witb the empire of Austria . 1 have protested against this infraction of the treaties . " At home the constant progress ot the publie revenue despite of causes which might havo cheeked it . demonstrates tbat the activity and resources of th eonniry continue to increase . The finance * laws , and various other laws relative to important improvements in the _legislation and administration of the kingdom , will be submitted to your deliberation .

      " The great public works which we have undertaken shall be completed , with the perseverance which the interests of the _c-untry command , and with the prudence indispensable to the maintenance of public credit 'You will also have to direct your attention to _mea ' _-nres calculated to second in our African pos session thc prn ; _rcss nf colonization and its internal prosperity . Tranquillity , so happily restored in Algeria by the valour and _devotedncss of our army , permits lis to examine maturely that important question , respecting which a special bill shall be pre - sented to vou .

      " Gentlemen , a common feeling animates us . Yon are all , like me and my family , devoted to the happiness and crandcur of our country ; and already lon » experience has enlightened us as to the policy best suited to hor interests , both moral and material , and which must secure its present prosperity and the future pacific and _regular developement of its destinies . I expect with confidence , from your _patriotism and wisdom , the co-operation necessary to the accomplishment of this great task . Let us assist each other in _supportine tho burden , and France will reap thc fruit of our efforts . "

      Paris , Tuesdav Eve . _v ' . vg . Both Chambers sat today . In both M . Guizot laid on the table a number ot documents relative to the affairs of Spain and Cracow . In the Deputies , tbe -monthly bureaux were orcanised in the usual manner . All the presidents and secretaries are Conservative members . When M . Guiznt presented the documents alluded to , a number ot Deputies rushed forward to see what they consisted of . There are in all nine documents relative to Cracow , and 25 on the Spanish marriages . PORTUGAL .

      THE CIVIL WAR . Advices were received on Mondn .-front Lisbon t « the Cth inst .. brought by the Achilles steamer , wbich had put in thero lor coals . An action had taken place , at Rraea , hetween the Miguelite General M'Donnell and the Queen ' s Troops _umler Baron Casal . in which the former were defeated , after a loss of a couple of hundred men . Several attempts had been made to effect a coalition between thc Septemhristas and the _Mifjuelitcs , unon some common principle of public policy , but hitherto they had _succeded only to the extent of uniting both against the Queen—the settlement of their own differences being deferred until they had disposed of " the common enemy . " What a prospect for the country ! In tho mean time _bolb parties were concerning their whole military force in th » neighbourhood of Oporto , which will doubtless soon become the scene of a decisive contest _.

      _GERMANY . A _frii-htful state ot destitution prevails in Germanv . In _Colocne , the superintendent of the poor has distributed 3 G . _000 tickets for bread tit lower prices , besides 26 600 lbs . of bread gratis per week , and 7 . 000 portions of soup every day . Besides this there is an . issnr-i . it inn for fhe relief 0 / the temporary distress , which distributes clothing , blanksts , etc . The most frightful distress feigns { throughout Elberfield , one of the great manufacturing districts of _Prus-da . Most of the weavers are without employment , and the Kolnische _Xeitwio rpekons the _number of idle looms at no fewer than 3 , 000 . The workmen are reduced to bergary , and those who Ginnot submit to this degradation are dy ing with hunger and c < dd _« Great distress has prevailed for some time past in the Duchy of Brunswick , and the severity of the frost has much increased it .

      Tiif Cosfiscatiox of Cracow . —A Vienna letter of . the 31 st ultimo , in the Rhenish Observer , states that the Swedish Ambassador at the Courtof Austria has presented a very strong and dignified protest in the name of hi- * Sovereign , as one of the parties to the treaty of Vienna against the incorporation ol Cracow . Arrkst of Communists . —The German Journal of Fravkfort of the Cth states that several arrests havo taken place at Magdeburg , of persons supposed to he in correspondence with thc Communists of Berlin . Pn . Ncn kxpkixeo _Fttr-M Vienna . —Jan . 1 , — The few copies of the London Punrit , by extraordinary permission , were yesterday officially demanded back . The numher in question contains a caricature of the ¦ OvcreiKns of Russia , Prussia , ami Austria . The * wits of _V'ienna say , on New Year ' s eve Pu ich was _i-ery unexpectedly _' prohibited .

      SWITZERLAND . _STMPTOMS OF BKVOLUTIOM . Two popular meetings , lately held in the canton f Friburg , having been attended with some _disor . its , the Government had published a decree on the > th ult . forbidding such assemblies , and directing lat the authors and promoters thereof should _br garded as preachers of sedition and disturbers ol ie public peace , and , as such , apprehended and _uuiiJied with all the rigour of the Jaw . Thc G <> - srniuent went .-. till further , and ordered the Prefect " Estavayer tn arrest two leaders ef the Liberal _irty , Messrs . Fasel and Duruz . which order was _exeited on the 31 st ult . Ou hearing of this violent ensure , the people rang the tocsin in several

      _vilages , and in a short time a body of some hundred nen , mostly armed , marched into thc chief town of he district , singing " the Marseillaise , " aud denaimed of the Prefect the immediate liberation of he prisoners . The functionary was obliged to iccede to their injunction , alter which thc _insurgents organized a sort of insurrectionary committee . _IThe Council of State of _Fribut g , apprised by express if these events , despatched on the ls * instant two of its members , Messrs . Griset de Forel and Teehternan , to the _insur _<> entdistrict . The agitation , in the neau while , had spread through the French portion if the canton . The German part , on the other ¦ and , which is peopled by an ignorant and fanatical _leasantry . threatened to rise in support of the Go rernment . ' On the 3 d instant the Liberals held a

      Stomal Antf Fovt^Ix Fcttcuijpnce, New Ze...

      _•• reat popular assembly at Bulle , the principal town ° fthe district of Gru ere , at which it was resolved to support their friends of Estavayer , and to make common came with them , should the Friburg Government attempt to reduce them by force . On their side tho authorities of the Canton de Vaud , within whoso limits the district of Estavayer is included , had determined to refuse the militia of Friburg a pass-ice through their territory . The Government of Berne was invested , from the lst of January , with the direction of the federal affairs , and , being composed almost exclusively of Radicals , it was deemed probable that it would afford the insurgents every assistance in its power .

      TnB _lfUURREOTION . Since the above was in type the following information has been received from Berne , dated the 7 th instant : — " Yesterday a body of from six to seven hundred men arrived at Morat , from Estavayer and its environs , and at night , after concerting measures with the inhabitants of that place , they commenced their march towards Fribnurg . Another column was to arrive at the same time from Bulle and Gruyeresin order to attack Fribourg on both sides ; the Government , however , had on the previous evening ordered a battalion to that point , and nn the arrival ot the insurgents tlie tocsin was sounded , and kept ringing during the whole night , in order to call to thc aid of Fribourg \\\ the able-bodied men ofthe German part of the canton between that place and Berne , and which part of the country is devoted to the Government and to the existing order of things . The

      Government has called an extraordinary meeting uf tho Grand Council for the 9 th . The Government of Berne , now the Vorort , Via * ordered to the frontier two companies of infantry and two of cavalry , and has ordered other troops to hold themselves in readiness . No news had been received tins morning , but it appears that the Government of Fribourg maintains itself , otherwise accounts would have been received of its abdication . It is besides stated , that the Government of Berne has decided on not toleratiriu the residence in that canton o M . _lleinze-n , a German , and the author of a very violent publication against the _sovereigns of Germany . He had previously been exnelli'd from the canton of Zurich . Tbe Bernese Government held its first sitting of Directory on the 5 th , and announced to the diplomatic body that it had taken on itsel f the direction ot _nftYirs . The letter conveying tbis information was _couebsd in very conciliatory terms . "

      A letter from Bale , of the 8 th , says : — "The insurrection is spreading , and has reached Murten , and the districts of Bollo , _Grtiyeres , and Stofes . On the evening of the Cth , thc Castle of Mdrten was carried by assault by the insurgents , who made the Governor prisoner , and then marched on towards Fribourgh , The Regency of that canton has taken tip arras , but the Government of Lausanne has refused a passage to the troops , composed of a battalion of infantry and a company of carabineers . A

      report , is current that two hundred volunteers from Murten and Stofes have entered Fribourg , but other accounts state that tbey havearrived before that city , _whare theyawait reinforcements from Bolle and Uomons . It is , however , stated that , at the first news of tlte insurrection , the Ex-cutive Council marched twi companies of infantry on Newneck ; that the first battalion and the company of carabineers were to occupy _Schwarsenburg , Lanper , and Newneck . whilst the second battalion _wou'd be held in readiness to aci as circumstances required . "

      POLAND . Private letters from Galicia announce that the Austrian Governmenthad published a new ordinance relative to landed property in that province , which reduced the , ' number of corvees ( days on which the _pensants are obliged to work for their landlord *) from 52 per annum to 20 ; and , in ; some cases , to 17 or 18 . The inhabitants of tha different districts ot Galicia were , in consequence , convoked to receive « communication nf thai ordinance , which the govern * ment considered calculated to satisfy their exigencies . To the great astonishment of the authorities , however , not a single district , even those which hae ! not participated in the recent atrocious murders , would sign or accept the _.. rdinauce . All __ declared against any amount of forced labour being in future required of them , and insisted that the land they cultivated should become their property .

      ANOTHER CIRCASSIAN VICTORY .-GREAT SLAUGHTER OF THE RUSSIANS . Information hns just been _receive'd of a Circassian victory over the _Rusian-i on the coast of Abassia . The engagement is said to have taken place at Karatoprek , on or about the 17 th of December , and cosi the Russians 700 men . There has been severe _fighting in Daghestan , on the other side of the Caucasus , and it is said the Russians have had 3 , 000 men ut once ho ? _-s de combat . The War in the Caucasus . —According to accounts from _Tiilia , in the German _Jowmal of Franktort ofthe 5 . h , the successes of thc Russians itt the Caucasus have been much less decisive than thc St . Petersburg Journal has stated , and have not had the effect of discouraging the natives fr _# m new efforts in favour of independence . Schamyl continues to display much vigour , aud has the command of iavportaia resources .

      UNITED STATES . _FHEKDOM OF THK PUBLIC LANDS . The National Reformers have adopted the following memorial fur public signature '•—To the Congress of tbe United States : Thc undersigned , citizans ot the United States , respectfully represent—That , in their opinion , thc system _< _'f Land Traffic , imported to tbis country from Europe , is wrong in principle ; tbat it is fast debasing us to the condition of dependent tenants , of which condition a rapid increase of inequality , misery , pauperism , vice and crime , are the necessary consequences ; and that , therefore , now in the infancy ot the republic , we should take effectual

      measures to eradicate the evil , and establish a principle more in accordance with our republican theory , as laid down in the Declaration of Independence ; to which end wc propose that the General Government shall no _longer traffic , nor permit traffic , in the Public Lands yet in its possession , and that they shall he laid out in farms and lots , fur the free use of such citizens ( not possessed of other land ) as will occupy them , allowing the settler the right to dispose of his possessions to any one not possessed of other land ; and that the jurisdiction of the Public Lands be transferred to States or territories only on condition that such a disposition should be made of tbem .

      A memorial to thc State ( of New York ) Legislature has also been adopted , concluding with the following demand : — That a law may bo enacted , embracing the following measures , until they can be made a part of the Constitution : — 1 . A limitation of thc quantity of land that any individual may hereafter acquire in this State , say to 160 acres . 2 , The exemption of the homestead of each family , uot to exceed 160 acres , from alienation for any future debt or liability , or in any manner except by tbe joint O' _-nsent of husband and wile , where such relation _miy exist .

      And wo respectfully request that by every constitutional means you will endeavour to prevent all further _tnifh ' -in the Public Lamls of this State , and ofthe United States , and cause tbem to be laid out in farms and lots for the Irce and exclusive use of actual settlers .

      Advance Of The Cholera. Trkdisokdr, Dec....

      ADVANCE OF THE CHOLERA . _Trkdisokdr _, Dec . 7 , 1816 . The cholera is pursuing its march towards Europe . We have received accounts from Tabriz to tbe 21 th ol November , by which we learn that tho scourge had ceased in that city . During eight days no case hail been declared . The disi * a * o had carried its _ravages to Cboi , Makou , and _Bajasid . This last city , nf which the population had been several times decimated by the plague , is situated on the Turkish territory , adjoining the Persian and Russian frontiers , to the south of Mount _Arrarat . Thus the cholera is approaching tlie Black Sea by the road taken by ihe caravan * -, whilst it ascends , in another direction , the banks of the Euphrates and tbe Tigris , shaping its cntir .-e towards Syria . Europe , therefore , is menaced on two sides . Notwithstanding tbe intense coll which prevails in _Aserbeidjan , and on the table lands of Turkish Armenia , the scourge has extended thither . Neither t . he elevation of a town nor _t'i «

      eold appears to destroy thc terrible epidemic . An English physician who resided in Persia stated in a letter to ine that no town in that country , with a population _exceeding 10 , 001 ) souls , has been spared b y cholera , with the exception of those of Salinas and Urmia , which are situated on the Turkish frontier . When spreading from Mcsched , where the disease first _biolte out , tOAard 8 the west and south , it appeared to huve passed over several vast districts , leaving behind it several populous towns , but at a later period the malady always returned and desolated the localit _, * _- " . _•*¦ bad hitherto spared . The population of 'labnz , which counted 125 , 000 souls , 11 now reduced to 100 , 000 . More than 15 , 000 perished , and all the _forei-iii merchants havo quitted it . The Au , ) tburgh Gazette of the 5 th inst . publishes a letter from Odessa , which announces that the cholera had passed the Araxcs , and had committed great ravages in the neighbourhood of _Seljenn and thc Caspian Sea .

      Singular Dkatii From Scaldino.—On Wednes...

      Singular Dkatii from _Scaldino . —On Wednesday _afternoon an inquest was taken before Mr . Baker , at tbe Bishop _Blaiz-j , New Inn-yard , Shoreditch , on the body of Henry Annell , aged ten years , the son of a butcher , residing at No . 5 , Spencer-street , in that neighbourhood . On Tuesday afternoon , thc 5 th inslant , the deceased was in the slaughter-house of Air . Miller , butcher , in Shoreditch , with his father , lie was standing on the copper , which was full of boiling water , placing snme bladders in a bag , when the lid gave way , and he was immersed in the boiling water . He was immediately extricated from the -topper , and both his legs were found to be most frightfully scalded . He expired on tho following Saturday . A ' erdict— " Accidental death . "

      Ireland. ¦Fauinl- Ahd Fistilbncb. The Pa...

      IRELAND . ¦ _fAUINl- AHD FISTILBNCB . The papers are filled with what may be termed the annals of Irish misery . Our only difficulty is in selecting from the accumulated and terrible mass , such « synopsis ofthe general state of the country , as may suffice to give an accurate idea of the suffering now endured by the ill-fated population of the sister island .

      STATE fi ? THB WEST RIDING OF CORK . ine last accounts from this district are of a most dismal character . Ten additional deaths by starvation hare occurred in the barony of Bantry . The melancholy details arc thus furnished by a correspondent of the Cork Reporter :- ~ Bantbv , Jan . 5—It is my painful duty to inform you of six inquests held here this day . The jury unanimously agreed , without a moment ' s hesitation , that tho following persons camo to their deaths by starvation , via : — Catherine Sheehan , a child , two year * old , who died on tha 26 th of Decemher last , and had lived for _stTi-ral . lain previous to her death on sea weed , part of which « " a « produceil by Dr . M'Carthy , who held _ajiost mortem ex . _atnination 011 her body . The other details _inthucasr arc most h art-rendin _*; .

      Michael Sullivan died at Sknhnnn , on or about the 4 th of December , from the effects of eating too hearty n meal , " hidi he had _rece-ived through charity , after heing previously exhausted from orer-lonif fisting . Richard Finn , was conveyed into this town on tbe 14 th of December , in a car , for the purpose of taking him to the workhouse , when , in the street , the Very Rev . Thomas Barry , parish priest , was obliged to hear his confession before the _publii-, and before he had lime to _rompletehis _sacre-d duties the poor man expired , John _Driscoll was working oa one of thc public work * on the . ' 29 th of _De-cember ; on bis return home he fell ex _hausted for want of food , and was found dead on the mountain of Olounlough en the following morning Iiis wife proved that ho had eaten nothing for two days pre . vious to his _dmth , except a quantity of boiled wheat , nnd that he frequently had a similar fast .

      Jeremiah Carthy entered the shop of Mr . Robrrt _Vicke-ry , of this town , _whe-n he fell genselesB , and died in three hours after at thc workhouse , though being kindly attended to by the llev . Mr . _Freoman , Dr . Jagoe , and th * family , before his removal . Michael Linchan wns found dead on the lands of Ih _.-me on the 18 th of December last . lie was on his way home from Bantry after purchasing some foad for his _mothe-r and brother ( which were all his family ) who were then lying in fever ; there were some turnip peels or _skinn found in his stomach . Head constable Grant tben stated to the magistrate * that there were three other similar cases , but the bench , considering it too late to proceed with hearing thero , they were postponed for a future day . While thc court was sitting the Vary Bev . Thomas 3 arry reported nnother victim who had fallen on entering the _workhouse , before he had time to administer the sacraments tohim .

      1 close with sending you the remonstrance of the juryas handed in by their foreman , Mr . E . _O'SuUivan , That we feel it our duty to state , under the correction of the Court , that it is our opinion that if the Government of the country shall persevere in its determination of refusing to use the- _raeaus available to it for thc purpose of lowering the price of food , > o as to place it within the reach of the labouring poor , the result will be a _facrifleeof human life from starvation to n frightful extent , an _endangi nuent of property and of the public peace _. The following summary ofthe deaths in the other portions oi the county is from thc Cork Examiner : —¦ _SKIDllEREBN .

      In the parish of Kilmoe fourteen died on Sunday . Three of these are buried in _coffins—elevi-n aro buried without other corering than ihe rags they wore whi n alive . And one gentleman , a good and charitable man , speaking of this , says— "The distress is so appalling , that we must throw away all feelings of delicacy ; " and another says—* 'I would rather give a shilling to a starving man than four and sixpence for a c <> ffin . " One hundred and forto died in the Skihbereen workhouse in one month ; eight have died in one day . And M'Carthy Downing states that " they came into the house merely and sololy for the purprse of getting a coffin . " The _Re-v . Mr , Clancy visits a farm , and there , in onehouse , 'he administered the last rites of religion to six persons . " On a subsequent occasion , tic , " prepared for death a father and a daughter lying in the _sannbed . " The Rev . Mr . _Caulfieldsees " _tUivtien members of one family lying down In fever . "

      The Rev . Mr . Fitzpatrick retires to rest at three in the morning , and rises after a couple of hour * 'heavy sleep . It : s the same with his coadjutors . Dr . Donovan _s . d'mnly assures a public m-eting that the people are " dropping in dozens about them . " Mr . Marmion says that w irk on the public road is even more destructive than fe ler ; for thc unfed wretches have not energy enough to ketp their blood in circulation , and they dn . p down from the unitsd effectB of cold and hunger—never to rise again .

      B 1 NQI _. E . The Rev . Mr . Gayer , of Dingle , in a letter which will be found _clsewln-rc . says— " the people there are dying by inches -, " that he wonders they are so patient as " t - lie down and die , without breaking open the Government stores , " and that _two-thirds ofthe " _pipulation should perish if food be not cheapened there !"

      CIIOOKUAVEK . A _correspondent writing * to us from tbis locality , says — " There have been fifteen deaths of starvation in thir locality these last seven days , all leaving widows ami orphans . TIUCTOM . Sixteen Deaths fbom Stasvatiow . —The _follon-in ; . _- appalling letter , from the indefatigable but _sorrowmg _He-ctor of the district , is addressed to the Chief Secretary for Ireland , The details in this able letter are sufficient to take hold of the officials nt the Castle , "To T . N . Redington , E * q _., Sec , etc ., & c _, Dublin Castle . " Whilst a remedy exists in thc law , or the exchequer _, tie government will 'protect the people from starvation . "' " Tracton _, Carrigalinc , Cork Jan . 5 , 1847 .

      - 'Sir , —At an extraordinary tensions held at Bally feard , on last Monday three weeks , for thc Barony nf Kennalen , £ 8 , 000 ef our money became available to tin _gove-rmnentfeir the relief of our poor . Since then , and at this season uf destitution aud death , twenty-seven additional men have been _employed—ninety-seven men have been employed on three new works , and seventy dismissed from works in previous operation . Those win . have been guilty of this neglect , are answerable to God and man for its consequences . 1 went to our Relief Committee last Monday fortnight , thinking the _worfes _presented for would be opened , because I knew they could .

      I went yesterday week . I went yesterday , even this day an adjourned meeting of the Committee , has been held ; still no road , no work , no relief , all despair . I returned home distracted and disgusted . Distracted , to knot * how to answer the gaunt groups who gathered around me , whose faces puWisiied their own famine , whilst their tongues only _reeoi'dcil that of their children . Disgusted , that human misery and human life could be so slightly appreciated by authorities paid for tho protection of tli * people , If I did not remonstrate against such conduct , I would he a _renegade to my feelings as a man , and my duties as u pastor _.

      As your benevolence made an _impri'ssion upon me I address myself tu you . We hnve in our relief _ili-trie-i ( to which alone : my remarks apply ) 1 , 200 , in cruel _iwv . i of employment ; half that number , I think , are i . 'ie _, and h If the idle with their families are literally famishing . " Now , Mr . Secretary , the words heading this letter were spoken by you to me at the Castle , last _Svptemtn-r . A similar pi-dge _ev _.-is _give-n to the nation , by Lord John Russell in his place in Parliament . Have the government kept their faith thus otllcially plighted ? The coflinless corpses of Mayo will answer , No . The starved skeletons of Skidhereen will answer , No . That damning response will find an echo bore , and almost in every mountain side and village in the kingdom , Over sixteen deaths occurred in my parishes tor the last ten days . 1 am

      morally certain that each and every one of them was occasioned and accelerated by want of food and tire . Buckley , of Bally vovane , and Sullivan , of _Oysterhaven , died suddenly . Buckley dropped dead on the works , after a journey of three miles before day . His wife will make affidavit , 'that he bad not sufficient food the night be / ore he died , and that she and the rest ofherfamilj lived thirty-six hours on wild weeds , to spare a bit of the cake fov liini . ' ( In this case 11 corouer _' s verdict win given without sight of the body . ) This _hurrifyinjj economy is practised by _scoves of families in this district . Similar effects must be expected from similar cause * , I fear we must bury the d . ad * _coffinless' in future . My God !! what a revolting idea ! Without food when alive , without a coflln when dead . Could such a calamity befal England on account of the failure of a vulgar esculent 1

      After some further forcible observation the writer thus concludes : — " 1 _coujtte you , through the mercy you expect from Coil , to put the lately presented roads of our Barony into immediate and simultaneous operation . If you heed this earnest prayer with tho insolence sometimes characteristic of office , I declare roy influence in preserving _longe-r the peace of this district at an and . I declare the same of my order elsewhere similarl y circumstanced . If the clergy fail to preserve the pene-e of the land nt this crisis , then you must _procure _scabbardless troopers and hand over to them for hire , tbe money that would have saved the poople and preserve the peace . The correspondent of the Cork Constitution says : —

      Au outrage was committed near _Glengarritf on Friday night . The house of a man named Sullivan was attacked bv live men with their faces blackened _, four of whom entered tho house and demanded Sullivan ' s motley , which ho refused . They then put him on his knees , oue of them being armed with a bayonet , another with 11 pike , and a third with n knife , and threatened to cut hia throat . Sullivan ' s wife besought of tbem to save his life , and she would give up what money they hud . She then took the money from a hole in an outhouse and handed to them . One of the fellows then took a suit of clothes , but another desired him to leave them after him aa they might lead to tlieir discovery , aud they retired taking with them £ 15 , which they had been handed . Cows and sheep lire stolen _avery night off the lands in tbe barony of Bantry .

      Ireland. ¦Fauinl- Ahd Fistilbncb. The Pa...

      After closing my last letter In _Skibberoen , a case occurred which I think it tight to state . Going Into the hotel jard , I perceived an unfortunate woman rush by nn- and take up some fish guts wliich lay in s fetid , pool , and rutiring she tat them ravenously . On . jetting outside ths gateway she realed for a few paces and then fell , but , while lying exhausted on the street , with ths most savage ferocity alio continued to gnaw the disgusting entrails , Smoo , Jan . 0 . —Aubmi . _vs _Smi-ad op Fever . — Fcv _<* r was never before so rife , or so destructive , in

      Sligo . The fever-hospital is crowded to _t-xcess , _tiltbotrgh ten new _betls moro than tho bouse _tvas intended to hold were lately put up ! Again , on Tuesday last , two litte orphans , of tender years , were admitted into the poor-house , and it appeared by tho recommendation of the warden , that their father , mother , brother , nnd sister , had died the week previously of typhus fever ! To show the stato of the workhouse itself , and the deplorable condition of its inmates , we publish thc following extraot from Dr . Knott ' s report to the board , read at the last

      meeting . — In consequence of tha great amount of illness in tht workhouse , wbich is daily increasing , I am again reluctantly obliged to bring the subject before you . Thrift hundred and forty-three are at present on tha sick list , a great wujoiity _» f which arc cases of dysentery and fever , twenty-five new caBcs of fever ( which I have been precluded from sending to the Fever Hospital , In consequence of its being toll ) , and upwards of forty of dysentery , have taken place within thc last few days , and I have no doubt that those diseases , which are highly _iufectious , will spread rapidly through the entire of tho _inmatas , If proper means are not speedily adopted to conn * teract so fearful a calamity .

      Wehave only to add , that although thirty . five persona In fever were sent _vrt * ni the _worxhouse to the hospital , they are still lying three in a bed in the former institution 1 But it is not the workhouse , nor In the hospital , the dreadful disease is making most luvoc , but in the wretched hovel homes of the starving _peitsantry . In the upper parts of the county they aro burying thera without coffins ; even in our own town it is no unusual thing to see a funeral accompanied by no human being hut the driver ofthe cart upon which the body is placed , in its thin shell . In _Bhort , things are beginning to wear the «« me aspect they always wear during the existence of a _pl-jguo .

      rmcES op _roon . The hoarders and speculators are still at work , driving their bard _callinp , careless of tiie _inhcry they inflict , provided only they can turn a penny to t ! . e utmost possible _advantage . Complaints of famine prices are sounding from every corner of the kingdom , and that such should be the case can excite but little wonder , after readinjr the two following statements . The first is from thc Sligo Journal . _- — We have had since our last _publication very large arrivals of Indian corn and barrel flour into this port . There are large quantities In the hands of private speculators , many of whom are persons who never did _business in the grain or flour trade before . In fact the temptations to specul . it--, from continually advancing prices , have been so great , that all the capital of this country has been turned into that chinnol . In this town at

      present there are not less than 10 , 000 barrels of flour held on _"peculation . We have aho henrd from a person well _nequninte-d with the country districts , that every _eotnfurtahlu farmer in this county hns his entire produce of _u-rnin on hand . We can hardly b » surprised at famine prices , _tvhe-n such hoarding takes place . _Itisanre » t consolation , however , te . know that the aperulaioi > will defeat their cupidity by their own acts . A few iv _.-eks over , and the tide will turn . When thc hoarding ot * speculators , the _granari s of farmers , the reserved stock of the commissary "cpota _, and the foreign imports of our merchants , shall be thrown on the market , there will b _» a reaction most favourable to the _distressed poor , though very unpleasant to _speculators . GrRin has advanced in . price here this week—oats being 34 s . to 36 s . per 34 stone ; oatmeal , 22 s . to 2 _ls . a hundred . Indian m _.-al in market , £ 18 per ton ; in some places it is sold for £ 19 .

      The second is from the Westmeath Independent ;•—The price of bread is still Incftaslng , while wc are in . formed that corn is falling , and that vast import . ' eons are daily arriving in thc English markets , and b . ing _re-> hipped to this country , yet we feel not the effect . Bread is now charged 3 d . p » r pound * , the bakers throw tha blame on the millers , the millers on the fartor , the factor on the importer and farmer , and between _th-m the public is mulcted . The bakers say , " Give us flour

      cheap , and you shall havo bread at a _proportionate price . " The miller complains of the high price of corn —si thatthe only source from which we can trace tha evil is the extortionate monopoly of tbe corn dealer . ? , * nd for this evil there does not at present appear a remedy - , Lord John _Russi-11 will not interfere , and under a species of political economy , the Liverpool capitalist is allowed to increase bis hoard and fatten upon tbe mis ? rlM of a famishing people . It is inexplicable to us how a British Minister can govern by such policy ; how a people can bear up against such privations .

      _ATTEMPT AT MUKI _> RR IM WORTH _TIPrKRAltT . A letter from _Ni-nagh says . — Once more the blooil of the murdered man _crie-s to Heaves for vengeauce—yes , the reign of terror is _itl-rosd , and us usual , the bloody assassin stalks about unmolested—yes , and armed to the teeth , without th . least _fe-ar of being prosecuted ; pomuch for the liberty to arm themselves . The victim in this instance was a mm of the most _upright char . icttr _, who filled the _siluafion of process-server for some years , and had gained tho good will of all who knew him ; an ! for this , and this alone , he fell a victim to tlie deadly bullets of the cursed _Tippertivy hired assassins . Thc facts of the case are as follow ! : —As Mr . Jeoffiey Donohoe was proceeding from Nenagh to _Bjllinaclough , where he lived , within two

      miles distance of Jfeiingh , and within 100 yards of his _oevn _liouso , two men passed him . One of thera saiel , ' God sate you , ' as they _passe-l ; Donohoe turned round , and one of them had a pistv . l presented at his back , and h , fore he had time to utter a word , lodged the contents ( two slugs ) in his left side , and then decamped , conscious that they baa dune their ' duty . ' Poor Donohoe still lingers in great piin , but every moment he is _espected to be relieved hy death . He has tight children to bemoan tbe untimely fate of one of the best of father-. All society must be put a stop to if this state of things is allowed te proceed . Every servant boy has his own arms , and his percussion caps in his pocket , ever ready for the had work . It was on Saturday evening , between four and fire o ' clock , this horrible attempt at murder was committed ,

      FOOD RIOTS I ! t OROOnKnA . The Drogheda Argus contains the following . — " We regret to find tbat outrages and attacks on the bakers' bread carts and baskets are _Decoiiiiiiji frequent in Drogheda . The constabulary force here are almost fatigued to death with extra duty as escorts to the bread , flour , and other provisions _leaving town _. It is absolutely _necessary that a troop or two 1 f dragoons should he stationed here to protect property leaving the town ; and we fear if the evil increases , it will be imperative on the authorities to swear iu the respectable householders as special constables . "

      rooD RIOTS . _Dunii !* , Jan . 9 . —The parading of famine moba , and attacks upon bakers shops have commenced even in Dublin . On yesterday morning :, between seven and eight o ' clock , ti number of able-bodied men . evidently from the rural districts , _amountin-- to between . iO and 50 in number , came in n body down Ureat Hrituiu Street . They Mirmutidpd a bread cart- lie . _. _Ii'iviiil ? to Mr . Walsh , baker , ct No . 3 , Pcsi _* _- _* . ' Sf cot , , and at once commenced riflim ; its contents . In spite ! ofthe resistance of the driver , they _sucoceelerl iu 1 takinp away forcibly twenty loaves of bread and I about a dozen rolls , value about 10 s . or lis . They *• then . vent off , some devourinj ; the bread with evident t voracity .

      Atterw . irds , between one and two o ' clock , a body y of twelve peasants assembled in Marlborough Street , , in front of the houses of provision dealers nnd de- - mandeil bread . The men were relieved at cachp ' nee , _^ and some gentlemen _passin-i by at the time , gave 6 them some money . Tbey proceeded down Marlborough li Street to Eden Quay , and again stopped beforo the e poor of Mr . Coyne , the bread and biscuit baker re- _ssidine . there , and repeated their demand for bread ; ; but - n seeing the police approaching they retired , 1 , and passed over Carlisle Bridge in the direction of ) f Westmoreland Street . A mob surrounded the shop of Mr . _Jeffers _, baker , r , of Church Street , but the police being in thc vicinity , j , they were called on , aud succeeded in _dispersiiij- tbe ie mob _. Several bread carts were stopped in the outlets ol ol the city , and their contents taken .

      Owing to the early hour and the unexpectedness of of the outbreak , they were enabled to carry on thoir sir depredations without let or hindrance . The rioters * rs bad the appearance of country poople , and came from m the northern outlets of the city . When tbey had ad reached Abbey Street two policemen interfered , and nd endeavoured to disperse the crowd , but without any ny effect , several men exclaiming that they had been en wit hout food 24 hours , and that broad thoy Bheuld have ' , ire ' . They then marched in " close order" towards Mary ' sy ' B Abbey , where there arc great _uumbetsot ' provision on and cook-shops .

      1 he correspondent of tho Times says , tho riofcrscrs continued their depredations up to 10 o ' clock at night , bt , and owing either to the inequality of numbers or wantmt of energy in the polico _. _succe-eded _' in plundering a great fat number of bakeries in the neighbourhood if the ihe Liberty as well as in the northern ends of the city , ty _. So formidable had the appearance ofthe mob beioruenie towards evening that the inhabitants of _Nichtdag lag Street , Thomas Street , and thc streets adjacent , nt , _oloaed their shops ami suspended business by the ad-advice of the polico authorities . In Patrick Street the ' . he , crowd came into collision with tho constabulary , th _« th _« i

      result of which was that two ofthe latter were beaten , en _,, one , it is said , very severely . The alarm created by by the outbreak wns considerably heightened by a report'Ort ! that some of the ringleaders _wevepossotsed of G > _-e-i--earms : and on making inquiry of spectators of _thtMht " . _* . riots the statement was repeated iu tho most _potitiveiive _) terms , although it is not alleged that there was _anjany disposition evinced to put thera into use , and it iflt ifll thought ( hoy were displayed solely to intimidate _sucttuctti ns might feel _disposed to resist their demands . _Thill'hill morning ( Saturday ) , at an early hour , the work ofi off _plundt-r commenced afresh , and sevoral bakers' shopaiopai

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 16, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_16011847/page/7/