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  • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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    _^"' _TZ _^^ _eAVF ~ A . T PRESENT EXISTING OF TH E WSEASE _^ P _^ croi _, A P _ , _^ _S B « _AU BE _WBX > K l _^ _BTOOL _LlT _^ iXI A J _^ rws _^ FiiCAi . Socbtt , _Ocxobk 20 rH . Br . Tbovas _Batjtes . "' (¦ ConcludedI from thi"Star" of Nov . Sth ) _Ustwe now described what I believ * te be the easiest _Md the cheapest method of turning every « _an £ in the existing crop to ttie best advantage , I _proceed to consider what are the probable caHsci of tto disease , and what ai _» the best methods of preventing it in future . The general opinion seems to Be that the present disease is _altogether new , but that opinion is by no _msans supported by facta . About three years ago , a

    disease of precisely tne same nature exisua in many parts' of South Lancashire , though not to the same extent . ' Many of tiie crops at that time were found , when taken up , to be half decayed , and large quantities of ootatoes , wliich were sound when taken np , jotted in the pits . _ I belieTe that the wider extent of the destruction this year is owing to the circnmstance of the season having been one of the wettest and coldest ever known , and therefore one bf the most unfavourable to vegetation of all kinds , exceptthatof mere green herbage . The members ofthe Society will remember that the winter and spring were intensely severs , and that frost continued until the end of March . After it had left us , we had a period of extremely dry and cold weather , dnrins which

    vegetation made no progress . Then rain commenced , and continued almost without intermission , through themonthsof July and August , suddedy throwing up an immense vegetation . This vegetation was checked in the midst of its growth by unusually cold weather in the month of July at the time when the ground was full of moisture . 'With on 9 short interval , we have had a prevalence of rain ever since , and on the night of ths 23 rd and 24 th of September , the frost was so severe in many parts of England and Ireland as to kill the tops of the potatoe , and thus to put a sadden stop to weir growth . A more unfavourable season for tiie growth of the potatoe than the present cannot be conceived , and there is not the slightest

    reason to wonder that the continued cold and wet , and tiie sudden checks given to the plant in the vigor of its ' growth , should have left it in a very feeble state , and even , have destroyed its tubers , on water partially _dirained lands . The above opinion is strongly confirmed bythe facts stated on this subject bythe Count Deisaux Derillegur-Arche , formerly manager ofthe royal parks and gardensinl ' rance , who has published an interesting account of the growth ofhis own potatoe crops , during the present season , for a copy of which I am indebted to my friend and fellow-cultivator Mr . Johnstone , the Belgium Consul in this port . The Count , after tracing the progress both of Ms early and late crops , says ;—

    " It is _evident from these facts , that the first symptoms of the malady did not show themselves ( in France ) until after the Tery hot days and the very cold sights of Jane . The extreme heat of the day , accompanied by an ardent sun , produced a very rapid ascent ofthe sap of the plant and te this movement succeeded the cold of au icy night , which precipitated the sap with -violence to the root of the plant . These sudden changes , " he adds , "produced the same effects on the stems and leaves ofthe potatoes , which the la 3 t days oF October produce on the maturity of the plants , which they hasten in some cases , force in others , or disorganise even in the midst of totally active vegetation . "

    At the same time , however , that I believe the un « _favourable weather of the present season to have been one principal cause ofthe existing disease ofthe potatoe crop , I feel strongly persuaded that it is not the only one , and though I entertain confident hopes that the disease will be much less next year , if the season should be better , and if it should be found possible to preserve the seed in a _healtlty state until next" spring , I yet fear that ths cultivation of the potatoe will never be free from serious casualties unless much greater pains are taken than at present in raising and obtaining from the native country of tke potatoe _newvarieties to supply the place of those which are wearing out , in storing the seed with greater care during the winter months , and . above

    all , in more thoroughly draining all lands on which the potatoe is grown . Even after all these precautions have been adopted , it is possible that the crop may occasionally fail in unfavourable seasons and unsuitable soils , but still I believe , from my own experience and that of others , that by proper precautions _, the evil may be greatly diminished . In the animal kingdom we have seen many of thc most frightful diseases either banished from the more civilised countries of Europe , _or rendered comparatively harmless by the _adaption of improved habits onihe part" of the people , and _vegetable life may alse be secured from many evils by proper precautions . * As the leprosy is unknown in Western Europe at the _prasent'day ; asthesenrvy whichformerly annihilated the crews of whole fleets , is hardly heard of ; as the " Englishman ' s disease , " the sweating sickness , the

    terror of our ancestors , is forgotten ; as the remembrance 01 the Oriental plague , as it once existed in this country , is only preserved in the vivid pages of Defoe . ; and as the cholera , the _desolator of whole realms , has , within onr own recollection passed over Hus ' co _*_ mt _ 7 , striking down fewer victims in its course than many of our ordinary diseases , so we may confidently anticipate , if equal pains are taken' to protect vegetable life from _thecauses of disease , that it will triumph oror many of the maladies which at Eresent sweep away the foed of nations , and spread inline over the earth . In adopting precautions for the " attainment cf that object , we shall be mueh assisted by considering wLat are the habits ofthe plants which we cultivate for the purposes of food , both in their natural and artificial state , and by looking out diligently for the causes of the different diseases to which they are subject .

    Whether the potatoe is a native of Virginia , as is generally supposed , or whether it was obtained from t iie Spamards settied in South America , ( possibly by way of Viiginia , ) it is certain that it exists at the present day in astateof nature on the west coast of SouthAmerica from thelatitude of Valparaiso to the Chtmos Islands , lying to the south of the great Island of Chilee . The best observations on the wild potatoe with which I am acquainted , are those of Mr . Darwin , the naturalist of the Expedition round the World , made in the surveying ship Beagle , in the" years ' 183 _& _4-5 . In Mr . Darwin ' s account of the Islands of the Chunos Archipeligo _, which he visited in the month of January ; ( the midsummer of those latitudes ) , of 1835 , after describing the climate of the

    whole group _asexccsshrely bad , and stating that the xaitf fells there " every day in winter and almost every day in summer / ' he gives the followingacconnt of the wild potatoe , which appears to flourish on tiie sandy sous of that ungenial climate : — " The wild potatoe grows in these islands in great abundance , on tha sandy , shelly soil near the seabeach . -The tallest plant was " four feet in height . The rubers were generally small , but I found one of an oval shape , two inches in diameter ; they resembled in eveiy respect and had the same smell as Eng liah ' potatoes ; but when boiled they shrank" much , and were watery and insipid , _without any bitter taste

    They are undoubtedly here indigenous : they grow as far south , according to Mr . Low , as latitude 50 deg and are called Aquinas by the wild Indians of that part v the Chuotan Indians have a different" name for them . Professor Henslow , who has examined the dried specimens which I brought home , says that they are ihe same with those described by Mr . Sabine , fiom Valparaiso , but that they form a variety which by gome-botanists has been considered as specifically distinct It is remarkable that the same plant should be found on the sterile mountains of central Chiloe , whereadrop ofrain does not fall for more than six months , and within the damp forests oi these Mathern islands . "

    The chief points which result from the above account seem to be the following—First , that the potatoe , in a natural state , is capable of enduring almost any degree of wetness or dryness , when growing on a suitable , that is to say , on a sandy or open soil . Second ; that its natural habitat is in a sandy light ground . And third , that its tubers , when in a state of nature , are exceedingly' small , their enlargement beiBg the result of cultivation . In its cultivated state , the potatoe seems to retain many of its original _characteristicsj audespeciallytjo likeasandy or other wise open soil , and a moist climate . It seems , in . deed , to be rather benefitted than injured by an abundant supply of moisture , provided it is not allowed to stagnate in the ground , as is proved hv the

    great success with which it has been cultivated on the _generally light soils of Ireland , on the decomposed red rock of South Lancashire , and on the arenaceous sea sands ofthe Lancashire coast , and of East and _WestFlanders . The object of the present culture of the potatoe in J __ urope is to improve the tuber aa much as possible both in sire and quality , and the effect of that culture _teD _^ to _mcreasethat partoftheplant to eight or ten tunes its engmal size . The _consequence of this h _p l _^ tothrowthogreaterpartofthestrengthof the plant into the tubers ; m many instances to reduce leaves and _steM to less than half the size of the wild Potatoe described by Mr . Darwin ; aud in some to prevent the formation of potatoe annles . whinh am

    the proper seed ofthe plant . In the fine mealy potatoe » well known in Lancashire as the pink eye and which the late Mr . London described as the best potatoe ever eaten by him , the foliage has become so ¦ mall that it has for several years been known bv ihe _Mme of the short top , whilst the apples have disappeared altogether . Contemporaneously with these _ch * pge _ 4 ,. there has been constantly increasing _diffi-^^^ _wing the pink eyes , which are rapidlvbethat tL _' off * J ~ n evident from this circumstance P « _e 35 SS 2 F _gating the potatoe for the _pnr-*^^ _hS e _^ _Sf hf 26 of the tuber , is to diminish lil _* " _* i _Tweca _^ _H t _ F . P lant to render its growth TOie _** _T _« _dtoSr _> c - _*» efld _to des _^ y Aw merly c _ultivatrt in _v _^ ? _Relies of potatoes forout _, and I beii _^ _J _^ _J ** _" thus been worn CO'mtry at Iwrt _wg _^^ _Hnds grown in this ** are not giving unequivocal

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    proofs of weakness by ceasing to _pwiduee the apples r balls in the abundance in which they produced them formerly . - - - _-..- - I ! _nwntien these' facts for two purposes—first , for thai of showing that the potatoe ; as now cultivated ; ib not in a natural state , and therefore that like all highly-fed plants or animals , it- is subject to a variety of diseases - to which it is not subject in its natural state , and second , for the purpose of _showing the necessity of continually raising new varieties from seed at home , and of introducing others from abroad . I see that at the meeting of the York Agricultural Society , held last week , Mr . Paxton _^ strongly urged the necessity of raising new varieties on the ground that the older

    varieties were suffering more from the disease than the new ones , and it will be seen that Baron Humboldt , in a passage of the admirable Essay from which I have quoted above , not only recommends that / bnt also the importation of new varieties from South America , the native country of the potatoe : — On this subject , Baron Humboldt , in the passage which immediately follows that which I have quoted above , on the formation of cAuno , says : — " It would be still of greater importance to procure the seed of the potatoes cultivated at Quito and on the plain of Santa Fe . I have seen them of aspherical form of more than three decimetres ( from 12 to 13 inches ) in diameter , and of a much better taste than any in our continent . We know that certain

    herbaceous plants which have been long multiplied from the roots degenerate in the end , especially when the bad custom is followed of cutting the roots into several pieces . It has been proved By experience in several parts of . Germany , that of all the potatoes , those which grow from the seed are the most savoury . We niay ameliorate the species by collecting the seed in its native country , and by choosing , on the Cordillera ofthe Ande-v the varieties which are most recommendable from their volume andthe savour of their roots . We have long possessed in Europe a potatoe which is known by agricultural writers under the name of red potatoe of Bedfordshire , and of which the tubercles weigh more than a killogramise ; but this variety ( conglomerated potatoe ) is of an insipid

    taste , and can almost be applied only to feed cattle , while the papa ebogota , which contains less water is very farinaceous , contains very little sugar , and is of an extremely agreeable taste . " . * At the time when the whole of the west coast of SouthAmerica was under the jealous government of Spain , and when tbe only means of intercourse with Europe was round Cape Horn , these suggestions might have been difficult to carry into effect , but no such difficulty exists now when all the ports on * the west coast of South" America are not only open , but are visitedby the steamers of the Pacific Oompanj whieh ply in connection with thc West India Mail Packets . In" the spring of the present year the _steameis of the latter line brought many tons of

    potatoes from Bermuda , in excellent condition , in the ordinary course of trade . There can surely , therefore , be no difficulty in obtaining a supply of seed potatoes from countries not much more distant . The variet ies grown on the plain of Santa Fe de Bogota , of which Baron Humboldt speaks so highly , might possibly be shipped in some of the ports of the Republic of . New Granada , in the Gulf of Mexico , and those grown in the plain of Quito , might he brought by the Peruvian steamers to Panama , and be carried across the Isthmus to Chagres , where the West India steamers communicate with the Pacific line . The climate of the plain of Quito greatly resembles that of the finest parts of Europe , and there is every reason to think that potatoe seed brought from there would

    grow at least as well as that raisen in the gardens of the Horticultural Society from the plants forwarded by Air . _Caldeleuph from the arid valleys of Central Chili . There will now be from five , to six months before the new seed will be required , and if the influence of the Government was used , tlirough its consular agents at Bogota and Quito , asufficient supply of seed might easily be obtained before that time , to try the experimentsuggested by Baron Humboldt . Thepotatoes of Santa F 6 . and Quito are described by that most accurate observer as bath larger and better than any ofthe varieties which we have in this country , and they would probably be very valuable in themselves , independent ofthe security which they would give us for a complete change of seed .

    Another great cause of diseaso in the potatoe crop is the careless manner in which the seed potatoes are kept . From too great warmth in the heaps , they generally vegetate too soon , and when this is the case , the sprouts are usually rubbed off . This produces a double evil . First , it deprives the plant of the central sprout , which is the strongest , and therefore comes out the first ; and second , it wastes and exhausts the saccharine and farinaceous substance of the seed , which is the sole support of the young plant in the early part of its growth . The mischief done by carelessness in . this respect is incalculable . When seed p otatoes are kept in the manner which Ihave described , above , this seldom occurs . . But neither these nor any other means will prevent

    the frequent recurrence of disease amongst the potatoe so long as theland remains so imperfectly drained as it is at present . One chief cause of the failure of this crop , both in the British Islands and onthe continent , I believe to be the want of efficient drainage , greatly aggravated , ' . this season , by excessive and unusual wet and cold weather . In ordinary seasons draining is not so essential ( on the continent as it is in England , Scotland , and Ireland , owing to the comparative dryness of the climate , but this year the North of France , the Netherlands , Germany , and Poland , havebeen as heavily deluged with rain as the British Islands , and as their natural drainage from streams and rivers * ig less rapid than ours , and their artificial drainage greatly interior to it , except i

    in some small districts of Holland and Flanders , the potatoe Crops on the continent have been more weakened by the excessive wetness and coldness of the season than ours , and the destruction has been more complete . In the British Elands , the drainage though still miserably deficient , is superior to that of the greater part ofthe continent , and in some cases it is perfect , the drains being sufficient for their great purpose of causing the rain as it falls , andthe waters of the springs as they rise , to pass away immediately , without ever remaining to chill and sodden theground . Without- asserting that the circumstances of land being thus drained will , in every instance , have saved the crop , I confidently state that it has done it in many . On the three farms

    with which I am connected , which have been so thoroughly drained for many years , the water is never seen to remain upon them inthe wettest , weather , upwards of forty acres of potatoes have been grown this year with perfect success . Theyare all quite sound , with the exception of three drills , grown in a natural hollow in the middle of one field . This we have never yet succeeded in laying quite dry . Before it was broken up there was aline of rushes along the hollow , though there was notanotherrush to be found ib the field , and about the first week in September , this year , the topsofthese three drills withered away , although on both sides of them , and throughout the whole of the fourteen acres ofwhich the field consists , there was not anothar spot where the top 3 of tho

    potatoes did not continue to grow inthe most luxuriant manner until the night of the 25 th September , when they were cut down . hy the . frost , along with the tops of nearly the whole of the potatoes , then growing in South Lancashire . The treatment of the drills of potatoes which thus withered away three weeks before the others -was in every respect the same as that of the rest of the field , and I neither know nor can conceive any reason , except the wetness of the ground , why they did not continue to grow as long and prove as good as the others . The facts above mentioned are not solitary cases of the beneficial results of clear draining . At the last meeting ofthe Poor-law Guardians of the Fermoy Union , in the counts' of Cork , a report

    was read by the Earl of _Mountcashel , drawn , up by his steward , shewing tho extent to wliich the disease exists on the different soils on his Lordship ' s land , from which it appearathat one-third of the crop is diseased on the mountain land , with a stiff , wet subsoil ; one-fourth * on the mountain land , with a gravelly subsoil ; ahd , only one-fiftieth part " on the sound diy soil between the new and old _Mitehelstown-road . " In the latter case the disease had only gone one-eighth of an inch into the potatoes , whilst in the other it had gone one-fourth . It would be difficult to find any where a _stonger proof of the effect which the dryness of the soil has in checking the disease than is presented by these facts . Mr . Harold Littledale informs me that tbe potatoes grown on his farm at Liscard , near this town , are perfectly sound this year , although some of them are grown on land which is naturally , very stiff , but which ; from having ] been drained some years ago ,

    and having always been worked skilfully , now seems to answer almost as well for growing potatoes even as the sandy soils in the same neighbourhood . I have also heard of an instance of an unusually large crop of perfectly sound potatoes grown at Litherland this year , after subsoil ploughing , and I believe that about Wallasey , in Cheshire , and Soutbport , in Lancashire , where the ground is open , sandy , and drained by nature , there is no failure or disease in the crops . Therefore , though I would not venture to assert that potatoes will always grow well in extremel y wet seasons in stiff soil , even after thorough draining , yet the tacts which . 1 have stated appear to me to prove dearly , that thorough draining , in this , as in most other cases , had an immense influence , having enabled the potatoe plant , in many instances , not only to resist the unusual wet and cold , but to do well in what has probably been the worst season for their growth that has occurred during the last thirty

    years . THE POTATOE DISTEMPER IN IRELAND . _Thisd Report or ihe Commissioners . —The indefatigable trio of Potatoe Commissioners have _presented a third _report to the Lord Lieutenant upon the subject of their inquiries , into the state ofthe crop . This document , as well as its predecessor , is somewhat prolix and not remarkable for the novelty of its suggestions , many of which have been already laid before the public , " unencumbered with the multiplicity of directions whicli overload the present report , and , therefore , being less complex , better adapted to the tastes ofa people who are now hy an

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    unexpected calamity called upon' for the _nrst . time to follow a course of treatment foreign to their old and cherished customs . —Subjoined is the report : — _"llDTlbJE COKCKBKIWa- THE POTATO ]! CBOP TO TUB

    _FARMERS _ANO IO IHE _PBASAKTHT 0 * IRKLANI ) . ' "The dreadful disease- that has _attaokei-your _Eotatoes is one _. -the effects ' of which ybii can-onl y stop y strict attention to the advice of those interested in your welfare . Many plans have been _proposed _. _and , after examining them all , ' we recommend the following _asthebest . . ¦ ' . - ' ¦ ' ¦ _"""* _¦ " "''"* "All competent persons are of Opinion that the first things to bear iu mind are the following dircc . tions : — ¦ . ; ' . ' " 1 , Dig your potatoes in dry weather , if you can ; and jf you cannot , set them dry _somehew as fast as you can . " 2 . Keep them dry and _cosl . _'' .. ''

    . ., " 3 . Keep the bad potatoes separate from the good . , _'' : '"' _.. '" .. ' " 4 . Do net pit your potatoes , as . you have been accustomed to do in former years . > " 5 . Recollect that if they get damp" nothing can make them' keep ; ' and do not consider them dry unless the mould which sticks to them is like dust . " 6 . Do not take them into your houses , unless you want them for immediate use . - "Digging and Drying . —As you dig the potatoei , leave them in the Bun aU day , and , if you ' can , throw

    them upon straw , turning them over two or three times . At night you may gather them together and cover them with straw , so as to keep off frost . Next day take oif the straw , spread them out , and give them tho sun again . Do this for three days running , if the weather permit . If you put straw enough upon them at night , they will not suffer . "If the weather be unfavourable , and you have a dry loft or outhouse large enough to hold them , you may spread them thinly on the floor , allowing a free circulation of air , so as to dry them therei " They must be got dry .

    "Sorting the Potatoes . —As soon as they are , dry you must sort them . Pick them one by one , and put In one heap the very bad ones , _in another those which are hot so bad , and in a third thefs ' e " that , are sound . Treat the bad potatoes as shall-afterwards be directed , and store the sound ones according to the directions given in the next paragraph . You will know the very bad potatoes by their unpleasant smell , and the _seoond set by their skin looking brown , or dull , and not bright , as it generally does . A very little practice will teach you how to distinguish them easily from each other .. ... ' ¦ , _v " Storing . —When the potatoes are quite diy , and well sorted , proceed to store'them thuB : —Mark out on the erohnd a snace six feet wide , and as long , as

    you please . ' Dig a shallow trench two feet wideall round , and throw tho mould upon , the : space . then level it aad cover it over with a floor of turf-sods , set on their edges . On this sift or spread , very thinly , the dry mixtures , or any of the dry materials described bolow , and which you may call , packing stuff . Also , get some dry slacked lime , ' and . dust all the potatoes with it as well as you can .. Then put one row of turf-sods , laid flat , on the top of the floor , all round tlie sides , so as to form a broad edge , and within this spread the dry potatoes , mixed well with packing stuff , so aa not to touch one another . When you have covered the floor in this manner up to the top of the sods , lay anothsi row of sods all round the first , so that half of each sod irtay rest on the bed of potatoes , and the other half on tha first layer of sod 3 ; this will make another edge one sod deep , which must be filled up with dry potatoes , and

    dry packing stuff , as before . Then lay another edge of sods in the same way , fill it again , and goon'tijl the heap is made . When the building' of this pit is finished , it may be covered _Svitli _sodB at tlie tog , and will be ready for thatching . If rightly made , it will look like the roof of a cottage cut into steps . " " - ' . *' ' * If you do not understand this , ask your landlord or your clergyman to explain its meaning , and we are sure that they will give you every assistance ; also recollect that the recommendation applies only to sound potatoes , after being well dried . "You will lose nothing by applying theso materials in storing , for the turf can be burnt as you use up the potatoes , and the mixture of lime with dry clay or a 3 lies , which you are afterwards directed to employ , willform a good manure after having saved the potatoes . The only difference ia , that you must get what you want now , instead of waiting till another time .

    "Afteryou have completed the heap , thatch it so as to throw off the waters into the ditch and keep outthefrost . , , . V "In districts where they may not b » spare ' . turf sufficient to form the pits in the above way , make them as follows : —Mark out the spot , and make the trench as before . Lay on the ground a floor of stories , * about as large as apples , and over them as much heath , brushwood , or twigs as will just coyer the stones . On thisfloor form the heaps of potatoes , arid packing stuff , just as described , for the turfpit . Cover the sides of the potatoes with more of the packing stuff , and thatch in the usual way . . " ¦¦;• ¦

    " We must again impress upon you' that'io pit potatoes in your usual way i 9 certain destruction to them . _''''•'" ' . ' " "Packing Stuff . —This , which i 3 of the greatest consequence , may be prepared in either ofthe followin | ways—some of you may prefer the one , some the other;— _.-: -.. ¦ ' ' ' _' . ; . /¦' "First Way . —Mix a barrel of freshly , burnt unslacked lime , with two barrels of sand ; or earth , as dry as you possibly can get it . Tho lumps bf hme should be broken into pieces as large as marbles , and the mixture should be left twenty-four hours ; at the end of that time turn the heap weU over , __ mixing the lime and sand ( or other dry materials ) till ho lumps of lime can be found . '"'_' . ' * " Second Way . —Mix well equal quantities _oj earth and turf , or dry sawdust ; put a few _eodso lighted turf on the ground , place the mixture on them by degrees tilla large heap is made ; in a few hours the fire will have spread through the heap .

    which is then to be covered with earth so as to put ont the fire . In fact , this is to be managed" ju ' _St as if you were burning larid . This burnt mixtureforms a very good kind of packing stuff , perhaps as good as the mixture oflime with dry materials . ¦ ¦ . _--: _•' _**¦ " What to do with Bad Potatoes . —When ; potatoes aro only slightly diseased , ' that is , when the' disease shows itself only under the skin in small dark * spots , or , at most , spreading into the substance oithWotatoe for about a quarter of an inch deep , _witha-ywlow ' or light brown , or blackish colour , and without any smell , they may be eaten by the family without danger . They should be peeled and the diseased parts pared off before they are boiled ; the parts « ut off should be kept for making starch . Potatoes thus treated are wholesome and palatable , but should be used for food as quickly as possible , as it ii not quite certain that they will keep long with the _ereatestcare . ' _" ¦¦

    . '¦¦' " It is a pity to destroy potatoes for starch if they will otherwise keep . . Cut out the diseased . parti , if it can easily be done , and dust over the cutparts with lime and the potatoe also . Get them dry as soon as you , possibly can , and if you have outhouses or sheds you should keep the potatoes in them also , using the packing materials . In such eases you should allow the air to-circulate freely in the sheds , and frequently examine your potatoes , which should not be laid in layers above two or three feet in height . If you turn them frequently during the first two or three weeks , _rand _^ keep them ver y dry in this way , they will probably keep . Although sheds or outhouses are to be preferred ; if you have them not and . cannot construct them . out of cheap materials , you should

    store the diseased potatoes by themselves , just as we have recommended yon to store the sound ones .. ¦ " If , with all your care , the diseased potatoes still get worse , dry them thoroughly in kilns , or on hurdles placed over low turf fires , after . haying cut the potatoes _inta two or three slices . It is . only very bad potatoes that you should break up _inte starch . 11 How to save the value of very bad potatoes : — Although nobody knows how to make bad potatoes into good ones , or to prevent man } of them from-becoming worse , yet it ia possible to extract from had potatoes , or from bad parts of them , a great deal whichisgood . For this purpose proceedasfollows : — Provide yourselves with the following things , —a rasp or crater , which may be made of a sheet of tin , or

    even of sheet iron bent round , and punched full of holes with a nail—a common coarse linehcloth , or hair sieve , hand sieve , or common cloth strainer—and a pail , or tub or two , to hold water . "To make the bad potatoes useful , wash them clean , arid then rasp them into one of the tubs of water ; the finer they are rasped the more food you will produce from them . Having rasped a good many , take the cloth and place it on another tub , then put the pulp on the cloth , and pour water on it , allowing the water to run through . You have nowtwo things to attend to , the pulp and the starch . * * First attend to the pulp , * squeeze put as much water . as you can from what remains in the cloth You should wash it , however , till no smell remains .

    After you have squeezed it pretty dry , complete the drying on a griddle , over a slack fire , and when it is dry put it aside for use . "Next look to the milky water ; it will then become clear , and the milkiness , which is starch , will have settled to the bottom . Pour off the water gently , till the starch is tolerably well drained , then add more water , stir the whole well up , and ' . let it settle again . As soon as it is again clear , pour off the water , and when you have got rid of as . milch ' as you can , put the wet lumps of starch bii ' a shelf or other place to dry . In a few days it will be fit to pack up . ¦ " _.. .-. " Good wholesome bread may be made by mixing the starch With the dried pulp , peasmeal , beannieal , oatmeal , or flour . You must bear in mind that starch is not food by itself .

    " There will be , of course , a good deal of trouble in doing all that we have recommended , and perhaps you will not succeed very well at first ; but we are confident that all true Irishmen will exert themselves , and never let it be said that in Ireland tlie inhabitants wanted courage to meet difficulties against which other nations are successfully struggling . ' "Robert Kane . "John _Lisblbt . "Lyon _Puatjaik . " Board Room , Royal Dublin Society . "

    Witm Jnmwnit

    WitM _JnMWnit

    , -. New •" ' Christmas"Book;'•'Bi; Chak...

    , _-. New _•" ' Christmas"Book ; ' •' bi ; _Chakks _Dickbns . --Mr Dickens has announced * thb approaching _publiwitiori ofhis annual Christmas book . Thejtitle is , "The Cricket oh the Hearth : a Fairy : Taleof Home . " The reading w ' orldwill lie on the qui viva for this treat . - We confesslour own impatience . THE FoBiscoMRO Skiff . Rack on ink _TvNi . rr NKWcAsii-Si TmmsDAT Night . —The arrangements for the match betweenPoeock , of the . Thames ,. and Hairy ' Clasper _. 'tlie champion of the north , were com pleted , here this evening . Tho contest is . said to be for £ 100 a side , and will cjmebff . oh . the Tyne , about'the 23 th inst .

    ] Intercourse _beiweb . v _Fraiwb ano _Enoiand , — Duririgthe first nine months of the present year the number of persons passing between England and the under-mentioned French ports was as follows : — Boulogne , 55 , 637 ; Ostend , 23 , 704 ; Havre , 15 , 490 ; Calais , 12 , 603 ; Dieppe , 9 , 505 ; and Antwerp , _5 , 58 _D _. Total , 122 , 528 . Query . —Orders have been sent , says the Paris _Constitutional , by the Minister of the Marine , to all the ports for experiments to be made in heating the boilers of steam-vessels with spirits of wine instead o f coal . Tms Cask of the Felicid __ u . e .- This case , which must still be Iresh in the memories of our readers , will be argued before the twelve judges on Saturday _, the 15 th instant . —( This day . ) "

    Persecution of the Jews . —The Frankfort Journal states that tho Jews settled at the Turkish town of Serafeoo havo been pillaged by the _Turkish population , and otherwise ill-treated , oh the pretext that a Jew had violated a Turkish woman . The Jews offered no resistance ; their losses amount to some £ 6 , 000 . The Universal German Gazette states that the Emperor ot Russia has just issued an ukase against the Jews , of even greater severity than that ot the 2 nd ; March , 1843 . A _Nnw System of Killing Game . —A corn-stack , belonging .. to Mr . Donald M'LarenLeeknascoir

    , . Duror ; was lately . observed to be visited by blackcocks and muir-f ' owls . The stack had an opening in the middle _^ which was left purposely , in consequence ofthe wet . season _.:, A little girl , a daughter of the above fanner , concealed . herself in the stack ,. wh 3 a goon a fine black-cock , _muirrcock , and some muirhens , came , and soon began to feast on the honest farmer ' s corn , when the girl stretched her hands quickly , and was lucky enough in . capturing a fine black-cock and a _rauir-cock .

    Colpakle : Homicide . —Last week William Paton , superintendent of locomotives for the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway Company at Cowlairs , and Richard _M'Nab . engineman on said railway , were charged before the High Court of Justiciary , Glasgow , with culpable homicide . This case arose out of the fatal accident which occurred on the 19 th of May last , to Mr . Cooley , spirit and cattle dealer , Glasgow , who was killed in consequence of lhe special train which he had hired on thc afternoon of that day , to take him to Edinburgh , being overtaken by an ordinary

    train , when within two or three miles of its destination . The indictment charged Mr . Paton with negleoting to see that tlie . engine employed on the special carriage was . in proper condition , and M'Nab with not having taken the necessary precautions on the route when he found that the engine under his charge was defective . After a very lengthy trial , thejury returned , a verdict , finding , by a largemajority , both pannels guilty as libelled , * but unanimously recommended them to the leniency of tho court . Sentence deferred . _»

    Carse of Gowrie . —Lately , no fewer than eight cottages , or . ' - cottar-houses , " as they are popularly called , were burned down on the farm of Ross , near Glendoick , in the Cavse of Gowrie . Glasgow College . —We understand tliat the price paid for the estate of Woodlands , which is understood to have been purchased as the new site of the Glasgow University , was nearly - £ 29 , 000 , subject toa feu-duty of £ 18710 s . per annum . Population or Austria .- —According to the census of 1843 , the whole population of the Austrian monarchy ( the army included ) at present amounts to 38 , 000 , 000 . During the last twenty-five years , the increase was 24 per cent .

    The : _Ms ___ itia . —It is stated that arrangements have been in progress for some time , and are now nearly completed , for , employing the militia , whenever it may seem fit for the Privy Council to issue an order to that effect . The chances of war with the United States are said to have caused these arrangements . Will the , working classes consent to fight tor the protection of the aristocracy , and middle class ? We hope not . .-, " No vote , no market !" The Church axb the _ARMr . _e _* The Quarterly . Heview and the Times , are both complaining of the want of " religious instruction" in the armyy and advocating " more-church" for the soldiers , in the shape of more chaplains , * places of worship , & c . Would it not be better to disband all armies , instead of paying parsons to teach butchering machines to "do no murder , " those machines at the same time existing for the sole purpose of committing murder by wholesale ? - ' - ' ¦ .. ri ¦>¦¦ ¦¦ ;" ¦' ¦

    • The Late _Elopement in High // Live . —The mystery appertaining to the disappearance of Lady Adela Villiers , the youngest daughter of the Earl arid Countess of Jersey ; is now cleared up . The "tall _gontlemaft" with whom . she was seen' to leave Brighton ; turns out , as was expected , to have been her lover , and is now her husband . The name of the . " gentleman" is Charles Parke Ibbetson , captain in the 11 th Hussars , son of Mr ; Henry Ibbetson , of the firm of Ibbetson and Son , proctors arid notaries , of Great Knight Rider-street , London . It appears that the " happy pair" proceeded by the Brighton

    Railway to London , where , on their arrival , they immediately left by the mail train for Newcastle , en route to Carlisle , ' on their way- to Gretna-greeri ; ¦ There they were married , and the lady ' s brother , who had been in pursuit of the fugitives , arrived just in time to be _toolate I They had left Brighton , arrived at Gretna , and were married , all within twenty-three hours ! So much for Cupid travelling by rail f ¦ ' The .. Oregon _Terriiort derives its name from oreganof X , Spanish word for wild marjoram ( the wegamm vplgare of _Linnasus ) , which grows abundantly in thb western coasts of the American

    continent . . Death , of Lobd Stuart Db Rothesay . — This nobleman died on the 6 th inst . at his seat , High Cliff , Hampshire . He was formerly : minister at tiie Hague . . - Coaxs in Dumfries . —Last week coals were not to be had in Dumfries , and many persons always accustomed to the comforts of a blazing hearth , were for the first time deprived of them . ' iNCEKriiAsr Fire . — Last week a fire which threatened great destruction to property , was discovered on the premises of a farm in the parish of Whitwell _, I Norfolk , _belonginc to , and in the

    occupation of Mr . Leamon , of that village . A double barn containing a large quantity of barley , together with a stable and other farm-buildings , fell a sacrifice to the devouring element . There appeal's to be no doubt but the fire was caused by an incendiary . MiDLANn Counties Railway . — Erection or the Electric Telegraph over the whole extent of thb _Lihes . —We are happy to state that the directors of the Midland Counties Railway have determined on establishing the electric telegraph over the whole extent of railway under their superintendence : The whole extent of railway is 180 miles , and the cost of the telegraph will amount to the large sum of from £ 30 , 000 to £ 40 , 000 .

    Prosperity of Derby . —We are assured that in the whole town of Derby there are at the present time only two uninhabited houses . The Duke of Buckingham and the Railways . — The Duke of Buckingham is reported to have issued orders to stop all surveys over his estates near Had . desdon .. Surveying operations have been put an end to by main force ,. and the fieldsmen have to return to town for further orders . _Eugbnk Sob , the author of the "Wandering Jew " has been excommunicated by the Archbishop of Lyons , the primate of France . Prince Albert ' s Stock . — At the annual sale of Prince Albert ' s live stock , 150 butchers and graziers attended . The number of sheep sold was ; 38 S of horned cattle , 20 . The sum realised was - £ l , 6 o 0 .

    " _TJnmbnmonabIiES . "— The wardrobe of the late Lord E gremont was , on the 18 th ultimo , brought to the hammer , by the executors of his late brother . Amongst the articles specified , were 150 pairs el " unmentionables . " Curious _DiflcovsRY . -The miners in East Tanfield colliery have discovered , _inacayityina stone , fifteen fathoms _belowthe surface , _ahvmgtoadmid "clock . They are now in the museum at Keswick ; and the toad , although it cannot open its . mouth , is quite lively .

    Source of Political Co rruption in the Republic of the Umitbd _SiATES .-In the post-ofhee revenue _Sng hthouae departments , the General and State Governments together have the patronage of 87 , 000 appointments . A Rkaotipul Spot . —The salubrity of the climate oovnntv thrflfi davs in the year on which any ram fa S such We ' mildness that swallows , do not 2 rkte irVm the island . The most remarkable cir-!& _£ _»? £ > equability of temperature which ( r ives Madeira an advantage over every other lo-S ' _Smigefrom November , 1844 , to April , 1845 , was from Ci to 66 41-48 degrees . The Daisy —The word daisy is a thousand times pronounced without adverting to the beauty of its etymology , — " the eye of day . "—T . Campbell .

    _Commercial . Treaty between France and B & _h-GiuM .-Thts commercial treaty , about to expire , *» iu be renewed by royal ordonnancei for one year , tne existing duties remaining without modification .

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    ¦ ¦¦ C & _arttet ; _intelltpite

    J •¦-:- •.' London. Lecxvrs By. F. O'.Co...

    J •¦ -:- . ' LONDON . Lecxvrs by . F . O _' . _Cownob , Esq .-. " Th * Lam Abroad , ; an * ths Land at Home . "—Thb subject ; together with Mr . O'Connor ' s first appearance , after an _aibserice of two months from England ; served to attract avcry fall , 'highly respectable , and most enthusiastic meeting , at the South London . Chartist Hall , Blackfriars-road , on Wednesday evening , Novpnber the 5 th . At eight o'clock Mr . FeaJrguS O'Connor entered thc hall , and was . grceted with the most enthusiastic demonstrations of welcome . Mr . Robson was unanimously called to the chair , and briefly introduced Mr . O'Connor , who , on rising , was again greeted with loud and long continued appiauss , wliich , having subsided , he . said , he waa most

    happy to hndthat that important subject , the Land , had ; not been forgotten during his absence , and on meeting them again , for the first time since his return from the continent , he thought he could not find a better subject for discussion than "The Land abroad , and the land at home . "" The working classes , although they possess an intimate knowledge of the art of making shoes , hats , clothes , and many other useful articles , had not attained the science of making the Land bring forth in that abundance it was so capable of under scientific and proper culture . ( Hear , hear . ) Why ? Because they were kept continually from baud to mouth . The last time he had the pleasure of addressing them , previous to his continental tour , was in that very hall . Since then , he had visited many countries , including Belgium ,

    France , Italy , ] Germany , Austria , and Prussia ; and although the people of those countries did not possess so many liberties as the English , yet did they appear mueh more contented and much happier ; and why ? because in those countries each possessed more or less : of the Land . ( Hear , hear . ) They wero not kept merely from . hand . to mouth . ( Hear , hear . ) In England he looked for one of the greatest calamities that could possibly befal man—famine ! The potatoe crop having proved a total failure , in Ireland , the oligarchy had recommended the people to turn what fcwlpotatoes they had into starch , and live on that . Now , to this he should have no objection , provided , at the same time , the Queen and aristocracy lived on soap and blue . ( Roars of laughter , and great

    applause . ) _ But- he had no notion of dukes , lords , and other aristocrats , faring sumptuously every , day , while the poor wealth-producers were compelled to stiffen on starch , aud he hoped they never would consent to do it . ( Immense applause . ) It was quite true the people of .. other nations had riot the power oi meeting in public to discuss their grievances , and some might exclaim , " No more have we , " without running the risk of being prosecuted for sedition . Aye _. but he ( Mr . O'Connor ) Would say , far better was it that even ten per cent , suffer prosecution and imprisonment than lose so important a right He would , in illustration oflihis , relate to them acircumstance : —While walking with his interpreter in the Grand-square ef Milan , he remarked what a fine

    place that would be ior holding of public meetings , when the interpreter smiled arid said ;— " Sucli things were not allowed there . " " Well , " but I said , " suppose that I could speak your language with sufficient fluency to address the _people and were to do so . what then . ?" .- " Well , then , " replied he , " before your peroration could be concluded you would be shot dead by the Austrian troops , now occupying that barracks , " pointing to a fine building at the back ofthe Grand-Square , And thus was it that continental despotism was perpetuated . ( Hear , hear . ) In travelling through Belgium he found the people had the best constitution of any continental nation , and they were decidedly happier than they were in any other country . Why ? because there was not that wide

    distinction of class that prevailed in other nations , neither were there those great overgrown mansions we had here , " and further , the people were in possession of plots of land winch they industriously cultivated for thoir own advantage , ( hear , hear ) , which naturally gave thoni an interest in the preservation of " peace , Jaw , and order . " ( Hear , hear . ) It had taken him ( Mr . O'Connor ) thirteen years to beat a little knowledge into their heads relative tothe Land , and he now had the consolation to know that even the devil himself could not drive it out again . ( Loud cheers . ) We all know that the agriculturists are generally believed to be as ignorant as the beasts of the field , and , therefore , we could not expect to learn from theni . ( Hear , hear . ) No , the few who

    liad commenced cultivation according to approved scientific rules were now teaching the farmers important lessons . ( CheerB . ) The law of primogeniture had created a race of idlers , throwing as it did the youngest sons as paupers and pensioners on industry . ( Hear , hear . ) He should-much like to see us imitate the French iii this respect , aiid abolish the law of primogeniture altogether . He agreed with Junius " that public meetings were a safety-valve , " aridhe trusted they might , prove tlie means of saving England from a bloody revolution . ( Cheers . ) He would now show them the . effects of thc law of primogeniture ; It prevented the Land from being sold in small quantities , and makes the Land a touchstone of the franchise . They bould buy . £ 100 worth of

    Land here as' they might in many other countries ; but they could club their pence and shillings together and buy it in ' the wholesale market , and having thus purchased it , retail it in _sinall quantities , and thus practically break up the law of primogeniture . ( Loud cheers ' . ) If he was asked what law next to the Chatter , he . would have passed , he would say a law prohibiting riewspapersfrominserting _advertisements , which would prevent jn . a great measure class distinctions , ( hear , hear ); and next the separation ofthe Church from the State ( loud cheers ); and thirdly , the abolition of the law of primogeniture . ( Continued cheering . ) ' He Lad the satisfaction of knowing that his letters to the Landlords of Ireland , and his work on Small Farms had not been without their

    rcsults . _^ In May last he had the felicity of banding the people together for the obtainment of the Land , and during the last eight weeks he had received £ 891 4 s . 2 d . for that purposo , . which he placed to their account at the London and Westminster Bank , on the first day of the . current month . ( Great cheering . ) He . might be asked , what was 6 , 000 members , and be told they were merely tho needle in the bundle of hay ; but j ust allow him to be enabled to point to 200 persons comfortably located on the Land , and that little fact would speak louder , and plead more eloquently , than the best orator who ever stood on the public platform . For , if 200 . could do it , two millions might also do it , arid thus would they proceed from out of the _Houso of . bondage to

    the Land of Liberty . ( _Iinmense cheering . ) He had done Lis duty , and if they neglected to do theirs they deserved to groan under all the oppressions the law of primogeniture had entailed on them , and remain slaves for ever . J Hear , hear . ) He had just returned from Surrey , in which county he had visited several large farms , and he found the potatoes were in general gone . He had planted an acre as an experiment to show the superiority of his mode of culture over that in common use , and although the potatoes were stronger , they were gone too . ( Hear , near . ) This was bad enough , where potatoes are a luxury , but what must be its effect where potatoes are the national diet ? If famine came , he would hold the Minister responsible for this reason : —if the

    land _oiEnglaHdwas properly cultivated , instead of starving thirteen millions it would more than feed twenty-six millions , and thus might years of dearth and scarcity be provided for by the years when the earth brought forth abundantly . Was . he not right then , in holding the Minister responsible . ( Loud cheers . ) A rumour prevailed , that the ports were to be opened for the admission of foreign grain , duty free ; suppoge they were , were there no Jews in foreign countries , as well as in England , and would not these heartless money changers take advantage of a starving peoples'demand , and charge accordingly for their grain . ( Hear , hear . ) He had been a prophet as to the result of tho tariff ; his letter on the subject was read in thc House of Commons bv

    Mr . Wakley ; but those _Volscians turned up their aristocratic noses and asked , who was . Feargus O'Connor ? well he would let them know who he was before he died . ( Loud cheers . ) Well , the bull . fro _» farmers became panic-struck at the tariff , they dreamed they saw cattle swimming in from all countries , andthe result . was they sent in their cattle and completely glutted the market , and the prices fell accordingly . . Meal did not bring half its former price ; and so it would be for a time with grain were the ports thrown open . But the potatoes which the Irish seemed to regard as their favourite diet had failed , and continental nations , as he could vouch for from his own experience , were not a whit better . ( Hear , hear . ) It would appear that a eenp .

    ral blast had come over the land . In Sardinia the silk merchant had destroyed one-half their silk worms in consequence of the mulberry trees being affected with a similar blight to that which had destroyed the potatoe . A fortnight ago , in Belgium , potatoes were sixteen francs a sack , the price at this season generally being only five or six francs , wliich was tolerably good evidence that the disease was but too general , and , should it increase , a decree must be issued _forbidding their use , or disease , desolation , and death would follow . ( Hear , hear . ) The Duke of Hamilton was the first person to introduce potatoes into Scotland , and insisted | on his tenantry planting them , to which tliey were opposed ; but as they were a loyal people , and his grace stillinsisting , thev consented ; but they took the wise precaution

    of boiling them _fii _* 3 t ( roars of laughter ) , when , of course , they did not germinate . ( Hear , hear . ) Well , his grace , during the season , finding no potatoes giwiDg , enquired had they planted them ? Bein _" answered in the affirmative , he looked for himself andlo ! the seedlings were boiled . ( Great laughter ') He heartily wished tho people of _Enaland and Ireland had acted with equal wisdom , for it was a fact that this system of " course food" kept the peonle in a state of indigence . ( Hear , hear . ) He was no alarmist , yet never did England witness such a state of agitation as would ensue some three months hence for come it must , nothing could prevent it , Manv railway speculators , and _cats-meat-barrow directors were now mng in a state of luxurious wastefulness ! which no legitimate state of societ y would pemit ( Hear , hear . ) We live m a fictitious state of society

    J •¦-:- •.' London. Lecxvrs By. F. O'.Co...

    but the . bubble is about to burst . The timet had _givsri it one knock , _' and ' the . bank had _gitcn ita harder one ; ' arid when _^ it did go , then one out of venr seven nf those speculators / , would bo _bee _^ ( _fiej-r , hear ); but thej would make good tools in JL hands ; , and won't they shout out luatily " Long li _« Feargus O'Connor , and may my right armbesevered from my body if ever I desert the glorious prineiblM of the People ' s Charter . " ( Mr . O'Connor ' s _inimiS mimicry of a popular middle class orator , while de " _livering the above quotation , drew down peals of _laughter ) . But to every man who shall henceforth address you , shout in his ear , " The Land thi Land . ' Our Chartist Co-operative Land Society wm hold a . Conference at Manchester ' oh tlie 1 st day of

    _Uecemner next , when its members will be duly re presented by their brother shareholders of tlieir own selection . The rules would be revised , and all _necessary alterations made / by which time he hoped to have subscribed the sum necessary tor commencing operations . ( Loud cheers . ) When the time of peril and danger did arrive , he trusted he should , as heretofore , be found firmly at his post . In times of eminent peril and great danger he had always stood firm and true by his countrymen . ( A voice , in a rich Cork brogue , " I know that . " ) ( Immense applause ) And neither Lancaster , or the brutal threats of transportation issued by an Abinger , should frighten him from his duty to the people . ( Tremendous and long-continued cheering . ) Even on the Continent

    he had lound that his name was the terror of tyrants . He had been kept three weeks at the Italian Barrier ' and was at last sent 350 miles round to get his pass ! port re-signed , before he was allowed to pass ; but fa nad , the consolation to find one man , even in { fa inid 9 t oi despotism , to declare his name a glorious name , and worthy of all respect . ( Loud cheers . ) He longed , with all thc fervour with which a bride longed foa her wedding night , to see the people OH the Land surrounded by peace , contentment , aud happiness . Then should he be content to retire to the silent tomb , in the happy _con-olation that this was the work of his hands . . Mr . O'Connor resumed his seat amid the most tremendous cheering . A person in the . body of the meeting asked what would be the use of possessing two acres of Land if they did not know how to cultivate it when thev had it . Mr . O'Connor , in reply , said it took seven years to leara to make a shoe ; but they might learn to stick a

    cabbage , m less than seven minutes —( hear , hear )—and the ; plant would not stop to ask whether it . was plantedby a legitimate or an illegitimate gardener . _l _. Rbarso £ laughter . * ) BvitUe thought there could not be a doubt that ; amongst the numbers locating , that some scientific gardeners would be found who would be but too happy to impart their knowledge to their fellow-men . ( Loud cheers , ) But they should not even be leu to that chance . He . was . acknowledged to be a good practical farmer himself , and he should have much pleasure in superintending thefirst colony himseli ; and see that not a single potatoe was treated disrespectfully . ( Boars of laughter , and great ap . plause . ) A vote of thanks was then given to the lecturer and the chairman , and suitably acknowledged . Several shares were taken up . Thc meeting then dispersed , evidently well pleased with the triumphant success of the Chartist Co-oyerative Land Society .

    Chartist Co-opeiutiv _ j Laxd _SociEir , _Westminster Branch . —The adjourned meeting for the discustion of the rules was resumed and completed at the Parthenium club-rooms , 72 , St . Martin ' s-lane , on Sunday evening , November 9 th ; . Mr . Aliller was unanimously called to thc chair , when the following alterations and additions were adopted for the _consideration of Conference . The lSth . rule to stand as follows ;— "Time allowed for . paying up shares , subscribers at ls . per week , one year ; ditto , 6 d . per week , two years ; ditto , 3 d . per week , four years . Members not having paid up their shares within the time specified shall be allowed a period of six months to pay up their arrears , and any member neglecting or refusing to comply with this rule , shall forfeit to the society any or all sums he may have contributed , unless he can show satisfactory reasons for

    non-compliance . "— "That no member under any consideration , bc allowed to hold more thaii two shares in his own right . "— " That the society be enrolled according to Aet of Parliament provided for benefit societies . "— " That thc present designation of the society be continued , " The discussion on the vulea being new concluded , itwas resolved— " Thata meeting ' far the nomination of a delegate to Conference be held in these rooms , on Sunday evening , November 23 rd , at seven o ' clock precisely . " It was also uuaui « mously resolved— "That the best thanks of _tVda meeting be given to Mr . Edmund Stallwood , for the able manner in which he has filled thc office of secretary tothe meeting during the three nights discussion ofthe rules . " The thanks of the meeting haying been awarded to the chairman , the meeting dispersed .

    OLDHAM . On So . nday last , Mr . A . " J . Taylor lectured in the Working Man ' s Hall . The lecturer laid down his opinions in a very forcible manner on the true nature of political and religious liberty ; he was listened to with great attention ; A number of shares wero taken out in the Land" Society . At a general' meeting of the Oldham branch of the Land Society , on Sunday ; the 9 th instant , the following resolutions were agreed to : — " That persons taking two shares , and if both are paid up , should have their four acre 3 allotted to them on gaining their chance for the first share . " " That this meeting approve of the counsel ' s opinion , that the first paid up shares be the first en . titled to allocation ; and we are further of opinion , that if this plan be adopted , it will greatly facilitate the progress of the society , and give more genera ! satisfaction . " " That we are of opinion tbat the society should , if possible , be enrolled under the Building Societies Act . "

    SHEFFIELD . The Land . —On Monday , November 10 th , a meeting of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society was held in the Democratic readingiooms _,, FigTree-lane , when the greatest unanimity and enthusiasm prevailed , in consequence ef the rapid progress our society is making here . In order to make public what we are doing , we beg to state , for the benefit of the members in other districts , that we have fbimed a club -, the object being , to purchase Mr . O'Connor ' s work on SmaU Farms . We pay a penny a week , or more , should they think proper , by way of contribution , and , as soon as there are sufficient funds in hand to make a purchase , we get them ; then ballot who shall have them . The successful candidate for the books still pays forward until every member is supplied . We have already disposed of a goodly number .

    STOCKPORT . T Tj ! c 1 Weeki ' MEEriwe ofthe shareholders of tho Land Society , was held in the Chartist Institution , Bomber's-brow , on Wednesday evening , the 5 th inat ., wj * en , . _flowing resolutions were unanimously adopted : — " lhat each occupant shall be empowered to cultivate his own allotment , or to eniplov practical agricultural labourers to do the same ; anil that the £ 15 lGs . 8 d . allowed to each occupant , to be expended by the Board of Directors , iu the purchase of implements of husbandry , seed , ahd all things necessary that each occupant requires , and all the said amount of money to be placed in the bank , at the disposal of the trustees , for the benefit of the society . " " That this Association be closed at ' the meeting of Conference , and bc called No . 1 _Associations-Signed , Thomas Woodiiouse , Secretary to the Land Society , 4 , Angel-street , Stockport .

    i ROCHDALE . . The Land . —Last Sunday there was a good meeting holden of the subscribers to the Land Fund . Isaac Hoyle was called to the chair , when various questions , were discussed relative to the forthcoming Oonlerence . Itwas resolved , first , " That the seceretary write to the directors through tho Star , urging thc _^ _necessit y of them uniting the various localities into districts , as the best means of electing representatives to the Conference . " Secondly , inat , according to tho principles professed , there be no plurality ol votes . " Thirdly , " That tiie discussion bc adjourned to next , Sunday , when all members are expected to attend ; to commence at two o clock , in the Association Room , _JMili-strcet

    • mt _r MANCHESTER . _™ _u _** __ Leach 1 ? ctured in tne Carpenters' Hall Mr o _* _ri n fe ' . eyfmn g * _PreTi 0 U 3 t 0 t _« _e _^ _ture _E-Vt nf _JSSfo' and a . fc tho , _^ elusion a general

    - _ NORWICH . tist _u . _S ? _vite _^ _w tUc . _ Nationai ciiar _' _teicUasTS resident in this _dis-Sundarthe 2 nd 2 ? * ff _tf uraed meetin _* from _structionsreoSt _^ i l to furDher consi { , er _^ _&' the foXS _* , A _^» t <> their delegate to _solutiXTr _^ * f _~ * rerequested to mnvo 1 ; _ . lhat our delegate bo Society be _enXed ?» W r mo tion that tWs _Society ' s Ant _nl Under , _! hc La « d _»» d Building _movcVsupJort _S "That he _furnishedS _bSS _^ _ff ? f _f " * have taken a _nluralitv _^ _'i „ u l mck _"MMbera as pose of _ifftat K _^«? _tw _? ** _W « U « 1 to disdetermine on two n _. r 0 _ibf sb _^ _f the Conference _supportTnothertliSlSfr _^' _^ sha 11 m 0 _™<* tafcl _twoSS ' i M _?^ s . . , sl _^^ ol ( ler _** allowed to _registered _SnnwK hltlks _» _, _*> nwhich _<» sehebe tts ,. ;! _l , . ull .. on the completion Ofhis _nnvmonf _.

    : ence thai S i -. _^ _^ sittin S _Confor-SatlT _- 1 sna _> . ekolder therein be allowed to DTcember l _« 4 f , ' " * _£ _" ? or bcfore <*» 3 _^ of close ? " ' _tK When _^ _s _^ will be finally _SrtTdissen ? a _? d ° _^ F 0 l if _^ Were carried _» i _«^ _Sen ' - _' _m _^ t _^ following „ tice of motion _tiven . — mat should the Conference determine on the four acre allotment , as before advised Xt the Kfrf _wheS V BCed _ftoml _? lO _^ t 11 nS _^ _lj £ tlie , neetin s adj 0 l , raed _^ _« day

• Citation
  • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 15, 1845, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_15111845/page/6/