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Northern Star (1837-1852), 15th May 1847, Edition 3 of 3, Page 7, "And I will war, at least in words, (And...

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      Itois, 1847r - ¦ - -- 7 " / -"~™ J -—¦^¦...

      _Itois , _1847 r - ¦ _- _-- 7 " / _- " _~™ j _- _—¦^¦— _- ¦ _---: - _^ 7 _" _~ _llIfJ _ W . _N'ti _^ ' _. _- _" . _" V 7 : 7 ' ' - _¦' _. - _" " " ' "" *¦ ' : - - ' - * - _. ¦ . ' - "¦ ¦ . . . __ ¦ ¦• " ¦ . _ _.. ¦ _¦¦ - ' ; ' ¦¦ „ ¦ _.. _¦¦ _ririii „ iiii _______ _iMM ___ _M ______ _. __ i _« i __¦¦ _. ____ _, ¦

      ^ Foreign Ihobement^

      _^ Foreign _iHobement _^

      "And I Will War, At Least In Words, (And...

      "And I will war , at least in words , ( And—thould ay chance so happen—deeds , ) With aU who war with Thought !"

      «1 «*1 Think I Hear A Little Bird, Who S...

      « 1 «* 1 think I hear a little bird , who sings - Tl ThepeopUby-and-bywUlbe thestronger . " —Bt « o _~ .

      "We Are Indebted To The Presse (Paris Jo...

      "We are indebted to the Presse ( Paris journal ) for 11 the followingdetails of the Prussian Administration , f _formicgan interesting supplement to the * Statist tics given in a former number . ORGANISATION OP THE GOVERSMEST OF JRUSSIA . _rrederick "WilUam IV . was bora on the 154 of Oc-1 tober , 1795 , and lias cons * quently entered bis 51 st year . 3 Married in the year 1 S 23 to Eli « _heth Louisa _, daughter « Of the King of Bavaria , born in 1801 , he has no children _, _i _Heha-refeneds-ic .-nne «_ i l « 0 . theday ofthodeath _] of his father . Frederick William III . His brother . Frederick William _lonis . bord the 22 nd of March , 1797 , j is Prince Royal of Prussia . In Prussia the government 1 bi _' o . _gt to the King exclusively ; he exercises tlie Sorer , _jrign power with the assistance of a Council of State , i of a Minister of State , and of Privy Councillors . The Co uncil of State is composed of a president and a vicepr esident , of the Princes of the Royal Family having attained the age of eighteen years , of the Minister * of State , of the commia . _ers-in . chirf and presidents of

      province * , of sixty officers who attain their seats in tbe council through the confidence of the government . The _jfinieters of State are composed of the Prince of Prussia and of all the Privy Councillors on duty . The private Ministries are nine in number , vir , the Ministry of the King's Household , divided into two departments ; 2 , the Ministry of _War _divided into two departments , nnder the direction of General Ton Boy en ; 3 , the Ministry nt ¦ pub lic Worship , of Pub ic _Instruction , and of Medical Affairs , three departments , under the direction ef Dr _lieb-orn ; 4 , the Administration of the Treamry and tbe Mint , directed by General Ton Thile ; 5 , the Ministry ofthe Revi-ion ofthe Laws , directed by Dr Savigny ; 6 , the Minister of Foreign Affairs , of which the head is the Baron de Cinitz ; 7 . the Mini - try of the Inter * . * -, directed by B « on Ton _Bodelschwing—Tt-lmede , at present

      Royal _Commissioner to the United Diet ; 8 , the Ministry of Justice , nnder the direction ofthe Privy Councillor ____«_;_ , the Ministry of Fin-nee , divided into four compartments , nnder the control of the Privy Councillor _Duesberg . There are , moreovtr , certain central or superior authorities subservient to the departments of the Ministry . The fir . t are—the General _Tribunal uf Censure attached to the Ministry of Justice , the Direction of Public Works , the Consulting Committee of Arts and Finances , the General Direction of tiie Lottery , the Committee of Examining Commissaries attached to the Ministry of Finance , the Archives of the State and ofthe Cabinet , nnder the special direction ofthe Ministers ofthe Royal Household and of Foreign Affairs . The second are the Conrt of Accounts , the _Post-Office the General Administration of the Debts of

      the State , the Commercial and Statistical Offices , and the General Commission of the K 'jal Commands . Tbe Court has likewise Ita officers—the grand chamberlain and the grand marshal , the master of the Royal hounds , a general inspector of ibe Anlic music , a grand butler , a grand master of the _ctremorirs _, a marshal of the conrt , and inferior officers , snch as prefects of the castles of _Kcenigsberg , _Stokeafekis _, Breda-. The state budget for tiie year 1847 presents the most perfect _equilil . riom . The revenue and the expenditure amount equally * to « , 0 S 3 _, « -7 dollar-. Direct taxation figures for 19 . 319 906 dollars : the indirect taxes amount to 26 . 7- _** , S 3 i dollars ; tbe salt monopoly to i . 992 200 dollars , and the produce of the courts of justice to 4 . 032 , 215 dollars . In the expenditure _, the national debt figures fer 7 , 213 , 320 dollars , the

      ministry of public worship and i _ stt _ ctionlor 25 <« 0 , 502 dollars—nearly one half the expenditure exclusive ofthe _natissal d At . The remainder is absorbed by the other _administrations . Thete does not appear to be any fund for secret servic- ne . » ey . The army on the peace establishment is _comnosed ef the infantry of the royal guard _,, IT _^ S O- men ; 4 % regiment *; of the line , -63 384 men ; cs- _valry , sis regiments of the gawd . 3 _,- € - men ; 32 regiments ofthe line , _ .. *» men ; artillery , a brigade of the guard , and eight brigades of the Kne , 13 . 031 men _; engineers , 2 . 544 men . Total army of the line , 115 905 men . To these mnst be added the Land wehr of the first cl _. _ss . 70 , 64 . infantry aad 16 . 08 cavalry ; and tbe Landwehr of the second class . 25 $ 5 SI men . The war establishment

      consists of 205 . 009 troops of the Hae , .. 8 , 000 of the first class ofthe Landwehr , and every man between the ages of 22 and 39 of the second class ofthe _-. _indwebr _, and , in fine , the _Landstonn _, *_ ic _ comprises every man from 17 to *• _jeai 6 of age caps "*)* * of bearing arms . A series of articles bas recently appeared in the Alomi a g Advertiser , nnder the title of" England and _German-y reported to be from a memoir of Dr Frederick List , tbe eminent German writer- These articles , die first of _vs _' ch we give this week , were written to sbow the -value _andeondittonsofan alliance between England - _ d < _jei * roa _ y ; they contain same -curious speculations concersing the destiny of this . _aun-ry * , highly interesting to the political thinker ;—

      ENGLAKS AND . _ERHAST . I . _ _s ____ i- __ of _____ . e ___ i _* t akb of ta . _Ferc-EItis onr fall conviction that on the subject which we . propose te treat in tbis essay , depend not only the futurehappiness ofboth nations , but for alarge space of time ' that of all m _ n * dnd . The statesmen of prosperous and mighty nations usually prefer de ___ _g with the -interests present rather than those of th « future . They _ _ave that in coroiBoti with the _prosperous and" tjie _powerful . It is more _pleasant to enjoy tbo future , than lo _pre way to ideas of possibility or probability of future _rioiss-tades . But if we rt fleet maturely . on the mode in which prosperous asd _powerful __ ti . ns have attained to _the . _jiossession of their present power , we cannot refrain from making the _ebservation that _their-present _prosperity , their present . pewer , is a plant , whose seeds were placed in the earth by the -ten of old .

      That t-dwants of the present-are far more _pressing than those of-thd future , and , moreover , of a yet remote future , can as little be disputed , as that he whe lets his views wander too far into the __ t __ re , exposes himself to the risk of _. osiu < the right path in the present ;« e will also _williosly allow thatia ordinary times the -e ure for the future k . oomprised in the eare for the present . It is , however , otherwise in time _, ia which the political and social . audition of nations , __ s also that of humanity in general is ia a complete state -of reorganisation . In snch e _|* ochs , statesmen who limit their views _exdoskrely

      to the present wants and advantages of their country incur the danger of paying for their narrow-minded _exertions after die appIaHse of tbeir . oontemperaries . and their country , witb the reproach of _-sfter generations -hat 4 hey have contemned the future , a _ . fi iposterity will < he store severely jn _^ gs them , the -greater tbe influence -of iheir nation an the affairs of the world , and most s . _rer «_ r when tbey stands : the head of tho »_ i __ o _ B on whoce _poli-j depends for a Ion : series of _ccaaing centuries t __ e ia _^ ppiness or raiseij of mankind . Sst _ . a decisive mo vement is the present , and that n _ ti __ . n whom the * decision depends is England . '

      IL Tae T __ _ifsr _ _- « j _PekioO . —Since -the year 1770 , tbe earlier condition ofthe world has been in a state of dissolution . In this comparatively trie * period fl _* u 0— . S 40 ) the _fullering great changes end events are -aclud-d . Uorth America , formerly a thinly populated colony of H _ 5 _landj obtained its ia _. _ejiendenc _. and grew to a na . Haa , which , after the lapse of a few decennitms , will in poser and wealth range itself by the side of tie greatest _ at £ u _« af tie earth , even if she do not surpass them . Feance e & cted , in this _period , her moral , political , and economic _regeneration , and although as _regards mantine { lower aud colonies , commerce and tcdustry , Eheiss 9 _Won . o « mpaxisonwith £ ogland , Bhe is infinitely weaker than . before , and desistute of all hope «_ ever again attaining ter former _impsrtance ia these respects , she has gratrn , < c _*_ t _ in this perisd _, to a land power incomparaUr greater than before .

      G _. i __ _my has __ a * - i _ inly , _ fter _ _43 fall of her long tsperannnated cunstitntjen , notyet besa able to attain feer politico-natio __ lregtseration ; , lM _ : the German people , in its agricul tore aad industry , as _veUas in its general , _ jidespeci _ llvin Uspft _ tic _ lint . _ ig _6 _ ce , bas now mads iramaasureable progress within ibis -short period . As however , the in _ -n ____ _y still _sopowecCzlBoreaaocracj _. \ which certainly has done food terviee in its time , bat bs * nowloagontlired * _ - _•_ _" ¦ . has rather _retrograded than advanced ; and as this half . oriental _f-ngescenc ., like a parasitical weed , gradually enveloping testsgrawth the whole fabric to which it has attached _itseif , now holds within its embrace every member of tite Stfcte , the

      monarehical as well as the aristocratic and ' the democratic element , fettering their every movement , * _-rfriIe £ t regards and treats a * revolutionary movements every _effort of individuals forthe attainment of nationality and _political _institadons corresponding to the degree of _colore attained by the nation , a wide abyss must for the time exist in this eountry bet . ecn the people and ths g _«_ _ernments , aa abyss wbich mnst appal tiie clear-sighted _ tat _ sm _ n , - __ id he not perceive that the existeaee aed future destiny of Prussia rests on the political regeneration of _G-rmany , and thatthe high spirit ofthe present ruler of Prussia is fully adequate to the solution of this great probUm . _—fTbis was written before the issue af the Prussian constitution by the Kin ; . ]

      The Ottoman empire , after _formi-s for centimes the wall of division between Africa and Asia , on the oae _ade , _ ndEurcpeon the other , as regards religion , politics , _ _ni commerce , is _nowint-rn-llyso corrupted , that it c _. nnot . by its own strength , hold itself erect , and is a . ranting towards itB inevitable dissolution . Asia , Africa , and Oceania , have been opened to the European spirit of enterprise , and now weigh heavily in the balance of power , while formerly they scarce came Into _cansidera _ - _ . Russia has within this period risen from a barbarian country to an European power ofthe first rank , and now menaces Asia on the one hand , and Europe on the otber , ¦ aith her unceasing ; craving after aggrandisement .

      The French revolution has in this period shaken to the foundations the political institutions of erery attesuation of Roman descent—Italy , Portugal , and Spain-, aud laid "bare their deep , moral , political , and economic decline * The two lafer countries have in their straggles for political organisation , not only lost their possessions ja South America , but also almost all their political influence in Europe . lbs South American States , _nni-nj- to tho moral ,

      "We Are Indebted To The Presse (Paris Jo...

      To-tical , and economic weaknesses which they inherited from their mother- countries , also the weakness peculiar to _tiemielves-of an intermixture witn inferior and uncivilised races , were unable to make any reasonable use of tbrir independence ; tiiey are and will remain a ball for the sport of more p jwerful nations . While these _immeasnreable changes were taking place , science effected a vast number of discoveries in the modes of production and transport , which complete '* , transformed commerce and industry , and particulsrlj the economy of nations .

      England lastly , she having placed herself at the head of these discoveries , and especially of every other specie of economic progress , as she already for centuries had been the first country of the earth as regarded the moral , religious , and intellectual condition of her people , bnt still more as regarded her political _institutiens and political advancement , rose in this period to a height of national strength and national wealth , which cannot be compared with that at which it stood atthe commencement of this period , and above all cannot be compared with the condition of any nation of ancient or modern times .

      Colonial Antf Ffixtim

      Colonial antf _ffixtim

      West Indies. Jamaici.—The Legislature B_...

      WEST INDIES . Jamaici . —The legislature b _ 8 been prorogued after a doable session , of twelve weeks . Bekj- . da . —The co ' onial parliament met on the 21 st of April . The Ilighl md costume of the _ 2 ndthe battalion of whom landed part at Hamilton and part at Ireland . Island on the loth—bad created quite a sensation among tbe 'Moodians . Subscriptions bad been _raise-for the relief of tbe distressedin Scotland and Ireland . Barb-does . —The colonial legislature met on the 3-ih of March . Fine showers bad fallen in April , which had much relieved the youne crop , withont interfcrin . with cutting operations . Immense quantities of sn . ar bate been manufactured .

      GBE 3 *_ nA .--In this island the weather has been most propitious , and the crop much larger than that of the preceding season . Asstwva —The only item of news from this colon v relates to a riot among the lab urers . The vestry of St John . parish proposed to levy a tax on lands and tenements unattached ti estates . Hereupon , from 390 to _ 0 _ labourers collected , and by their riotous and threatening demeanour within tbe court bouse , compelled the meeting of oth April to adjourn withont _trap-wcting tbe business before them .

      The Chartist Land Plan is Gciasa—Governr _. Li nt opened the combined court , forthe dispatch of the financial business of the year , on the 23 rd of March . The combined court is composed ofthe College of Financial Representatives , sitting in conjunction witb tbe Court of Policy ( tbe _legi-da * tive assembly ofthe colony ) . The governor stated in the course of his address , that within the last few days seventy native labourers had bought an estate . Dan _Amstel , for which they laid dnvin . as _a-first instilment , 10 , 000 dols ., " secured 2500 more intro months , and bound themselves to pay , with interest , 12 , 000 additional in two rears

      FRANCE . AMnqsTEBiAL Crisis . —The Parispapersof Saturday broa . hr . the _intelligence ofthe resignation ofthe _Fre-ch Minister of Finance _( Lacave _Laplagne ) , of war ( General St Yon ) , and Marine ( Admiral Macka- ) . On Friday the Chamber had _refused one of the credits demanded by tbe Minister of Marine . M . de Maclean had previously declared that if that particular credit were not granted , be wonld resign . M . Moline . de St Ton declared , on Friday , in the salu des conferences , tbat the treatment he had received inthe Chamber was such , that he would throw np the war departmpnt . M . Lacave -.. plague was Unwilling to ' * resign . " and appears to have been therefore dismissed . The Monifettr of llo . day contained the following nominati -ns : —

      51 . Dumon _, Secretary of State for the department of Public Works , to be Minister of Finance , in the place of M . Lacave Laplagne . M . Tre _ eJ , Peer < f France , Lieutenant-General , commanding the 12 th mil ' itary division , to be Minister of War , in the place _ofLieutenant-GeneralMoliiie de Saint Yon . The Duke de Montebello , Peer of France , Ambassador at the Conrt of tbe Kin _ of tbe Two Sicilies , to be Ministerof Marine and Colonies , in the place of Admiral Baron de Mackau . M . J __ yr . Peer of France , Prefect t . f the department ofthe Rhone , to be Minister ofPnblic Works , in the place of M . Damon , nomi Bated Minister of Finance . The fifth ordinance charges M . Guirot ; Minister of Foreign Affairs , with the _^ interim of the Ministry of . Marine and Colonies , during the absence of the Duke de Montebello .

      A mo * t extraordinary Fcene was exhibited in the Chamber of Deputies on Monday , on tho occasion of the debate npon the proposition of M . _Cremieu-. that no member of the Chamber shonld hold the place of director of a company , and especially ofa railway company . M . Grandin ascended the tribune and declared that there were sixty-nine deputies who were directors of railway companies . This announcement produced a scene such as it is quite impossible _xdeqnate ' y to describe . The worst disorders ever witnessed in the House of Commons , or even in the flr . se of Representatives at Washington , were nothing to it . This concert lasted more than an hour . The rioters were not composed of either of tbe extnenje parties , but of the conservative and ministerial members , who , steeped to the lips in corruption , bellowed against the exposure of their crimes .

      Tiie returns respecting the Paris Savings Banks demonstrate the continual drain of money from those establishments . The lodgments in the savings banks of Paris on the 9 th and 10 th instant , amounted to _ S _ , 036 f . and the withdrawals to l , 0 tl , 129 f .

      SPAIN . _AusivEBVABr of ihe _-Nsu-BEcnnN op 1803 . —The Madrid journals of the 3 rd came out with black mo _ r _ in _ borders , in remembrance of the victims who . on the 2 nd of May , 1808 . were slain by order of Napoleon for having risen against tbe Frem * . The day was celebrated with great solemnity . Tbeleadingeoh-mnsof all the journals were _fi-ie _ irith impassioned appeals tothe patriotism oft __* wrtion , and _wtA not less impassioned _deelaratwiatfadeterminatio - to maintain the national independence of Spain at any and every cost , The Progressist- journals announce tbat Generals Rodil and Nogneras have been amnestied _ijy the Q , aeen . On the . tb , the Cortes was prorogued , without any day being named for its re-assembling . * ' "

      The newg from Catalonia is unfavourable ;• various _manufacturing establishments bave been closed , and disorders feared in consequence of the numberof workmen t __ rown ont of employment . The Queeo left Madrid for AraBJeuz on the 5 tk . An immense crowd was . 'assembled on both sides of the streets along which she bad to pas ' . Tlie erGund was kept by tiie troops , and riie was accompanied by a considerable military escort . She was in an open carriage with _ . r uncle and cousin , bnt was not accompanied by faer husband . She was very sad , and her face bore evident traces of long and bitter weeping . The King remained in the palace . The ret-oval ofher Majesty to Aranjeuz has rendered more _striking ' y and offensively mauiflst the estrangement ofher husband .

      PORTUGAL . __; - Civil War . —An arrival from Lisbon of the 30 th ult ., brings news ofan attempted revolt in that capital , which failed . A great number of prisoners were liberated , but aojt of them were recaptured . _Densa Maria ' s soldier , are reported to have behaved witb great brutality .. A great number of the recaptured _prisoners . tho-ghcnarmed _, and emaciated with starvation and dungeon-disease , were horribly murdored _b- _? the brutal soldiery . Colonel Wyld was still negntiatir _-j with the Junta , with what success was not known .

      GERMANY . _DISIEESS OF Tn _ PEO . L _.. —7 A- _. 1 NE RIOTS . Account , from Them , received at Korigtberg on the lst of May , say that the distress in the smaller towns on the frontiers—for kstance _, Gollerb—is exceedingly great . There is a want of work , and the people _cannotlive on their wages . Crowds of children , covered with rasa , and many in a state of nudity , Mow the travellers witb lame-table cries . The ac-« ou _ ts from Poland are not so distressing , but even tbere a famine is apprehended . Accounts from L-uenberg state thai a famine is st hand , the bakers no-itting able to obtain any moreeorn ; and accounts f « Hs Kolberg say tfeat since the opening of the navigatu -t , the _exportation ef corn , not only to the

      _provinees , bnt also to foreign countries _. eontinue without _ce-gwg _, and that provisions of all kinds are daily becoming dearer and nwre scarce , the prices keep up , and the takers are parti' * - in want of money , several have ceased working , an 4 bread is still very dear . At Frankfort the house of _Rothschild has undertaken to pay the bakers a sum of 6 kreutzer upon every loaf , to that the poor may be all supplied . That house has already placed 5 , 000 bread tickets atthedisposal of the guardians of tiie poor . In the electorate of Hesse ., tlte government has conmenced taking an official account of the corn and potatoes . Very eontradictory reports have been in _circolation respecting the actual quantity in the country , and it is hoped

      that this official inquiry will furnish some definite results . So much is certain , that an immense quantity ofthe harvest of 1843 is kept stored np , with tbe view of ultimate gain . Heavy fines have been imposed CKjon several persons who have been guilty of this cr « . ie—one _landowner in Cassel was fined 700 B . _Posbk , April 30 . —Riots caused by the dearness of provisions broke out on the 20 th in this town . Several _drinking-bouws . warehouse !? , and shops , wereentered by the populace and plundered , and the mob gave themselves up to the wildest excesses . ' Thousands of women joined io the uproar , and assisted in plundering the carts _containing corn and flour ' which were in the market place . Everything is now comparatively quiet .

      Wch- EMBBhg , Stottgai _) T , May .. —Most serious disturbances have taken place at Stuttgardt , in consequence of the high price of provisions . Incendiary proclamations had previously been circulated ; and tha government , fearing some demonstration , had taken precautionary measures . The troops of the £ arr _ io _ , and a portion of tite National Guard , bad

      West Indies. Jamaici.—The Legislature B_...

      received instructions to be ready , and troops and artillery had also been ordered from _Ludwigsburg . On the evening of tbe . th , the house ofa Baker , in the _Uauptstaetten-strasse , was attacked by the mob , con-. _-hting of woikmen of every description . At 8 o ' clock the National Guard was called out , and the governor oftho town , Count de Leppe , accompanied by Prince Frederick of "Wurtemberg at the head of the cavalry , and some detachments of infantry , made their appearance , but their exhortations to the mob only incre > _sed the tumult . The troops endeavoured to clear the streets , but they were assailed by a shower ofstOF . es ; a barricade was thrown up and a shot fired ;

      Some of the officers and men were wounded by the stones . The cavalry then charged , and the infantry stormed the barricade ; the m _> b was disper . ed , hut speedily re-assembled in other quarters . Stones were thrown on the military from the roofs of the houses . The King , accompanied by the Prince Royal aud his staff , proceeded to the scene of the disturbances . At the Mascnbach-bridge a detachment of infantry fired upon tbe mob , which was approaching thc person of the King . One man was killed and severahvounded . It would seem that the emeute bad a somewhat political character , for cries were uttered insulting to the King , and wishes were loudly expressed that he should yield the throne to his son . . . . .

      Later News . —The riots at Stuttgardt have been put down , and calmness has been restored at Ulm ; but Wurtemberg is not yet free from outbursts of this kind . Its university town ( Tubingen ) has also to deplore acts of violence . On 5 th May an attack was projected on the mill ofthe brothers Schweickhardt . Precautionary measures bad . been taken by the authorities ; and the students , p f the University were called upon to co-operate in the maintenance of order . At ten ' at night a considerable mob had assembled before the mill in question , and on _« of the doors was smashed in and the pillaging commenced . A body of students , armed with rapiers , interfered and compelled the pillagers to restore all they had taken ; the place was then occupied by the military till four in the morning .

      The Magdeburg Gazette states that riots , occasioned by the high price of bread , have taken placo at Se « nnin _ en . in the Duchy of Brunswick . Several incendiary letters were found , and numerous arrests were made . Riots have taken place in several parts of Bohemiaat Eger , and at . Leitmeritx . At the latter place themobciitoffboth . thocarsof acorn dealer . Disturbances were also feared in Aussig . In the district of Trantcnau horseflesh was selling openly at a penny

      per pound . Food riots have taken place at _Geisslingen and Blaubeuren . On the 3 rd instant , a number of citizens assembled tumultuously before the town-house in the latter place , crying out ( or corn . Further _disturbance was , however , prevented by the head magistrate promising that a distribution of corn should be made . In several towns of the duchy of Posen , the prevailing distress has also given rise to excesses ; araon . _st the rest , at Gnesen and _Rogasen . Bodies of military have been sent to restore and preserve order .

      ITALY . Rome . —C . inc-r „ 5 n » the late festival in commemoration of tbe foundation of _R-iroe , held in the Baths of Titus amid a concourse of 20 , 000 spectators , 800 sit tin . down _^ to the banquet ; the correspondent cf the Daily News says— "The speech ofthe evening was that ofthe Marquis Azelis , which eloquently denounced the presence and pride of " Goths , Huns , and other Vandals , in Italy , and elicited thunders of _apolanse . The only other allusion was to England , which the speaker designated our elder sister in _-lano-ctures _, commerce , and freedom . For obvious reasons no reference was made to France ; the rppfint , instructions and conduct of Count Rossi

      having taken the _ old off his gingerbread completely . Altogether , this awakening exhibition will not fill to tell tbrou _.-ont Italy ; and if the founder of the Baths , ' - * the . belove _ - of mankind , " were permitted to hover in * spirit over the scene , he could not repeat that "hehadlosta day !" The new censors permitted the publication ef the speeches in a supplement to the 'Cotemporaneo . hut subsequently the copies of the said supplement were seized by the police . This was regarded by the Romans as another concession to Austria ; accordingly , the first time subsequently that the Austrian minister ' s carriage was seen in ihe streets , that worthy was honoured with a mob charivari .

      Private letters from Bologna mention a curious fact . The censor has authorized the publication Jn the Bologna Journal ot the identical speeches which tbe Austrian Ambassador at Rome had succeeded in bavins _suppres-ed ! Durin !! a dinner given to Chekib Effendi , the Ottoman Ambassador at Vienna , on the occasion nf his visit to Rome , the Pope ' s brother gave a toast to the Sultan ' s health ; he added , that the true dangers for the Catholic religion did not at present proceed from those who are in possession of Constantinople , but from those who coveted its possession .

      • . GREECE . Dissolution or the Chaubbr of Represent , ! _tivhs . —Itappeara by the official journal , the _J / onttcur ( Tree , that the sittings in the Chamber of _Representatives had become so stormy , that the ministry could find nn respite except in a dissolution . This step was _t- * ken on the 26 th ult . The royal decree orders that the electoral eolIe . es should meet within a delay of two months for the new elections . - _.-- '

      UNITED STATES AND MEXTCO . HORRORS OF TRE WA-. —HOW VERA CRUZ WAS TAKEN . — BOFFIAV 1 SH OV THE AMERICAN SOLDIERY . —ANOTHER VICTORT GAINED BT GEN . TAILOR . —MEXICAN BEVOLTS . - —* XERIC A NS TORTURE . TO DEATH BT INDIANS . — INSTALLATION AND _HANIF-STO OP iANTA ANNA . We have already reported tbe capture of Vera _Croe , later intelluence represents Major-General Worth as having entered npon the duties of commanding officer and governor of the town and castle . . . '' _... ¦ ¦ The . destraction in the city , was most awful—one half of it is destroyed . Houses blown to pieces and furniture scattered ia every direction—the streets torn up , and tbe itrooeest build'ors seriously damaged . !

      We present onr readers with au extract from a letter by a _gentleman who was nn _eye-witoeis of the _operations at Vera . roe . His account differs somewhat from that _furnithed by the American prints , bat having heard tbe statement of avowed pirtlpa . B , perhaps it is well that we shonld read tbat of an impartial ( or it may be prejudiced ) observer : — - ' . ' _: _¦ " On board H . M . S . Darinr , _Sacri-cios , 28 ih of March , 1847 . —Last right the town of Vera Oraz and the Castle otSt Joan defJUoa capitulated to the . Americans . Ttw termi I cannot ascertain nith certainty , bnt of . this I am satisfied , that the latter have gained no honour in the business . It has been a dastardly a _ . tr on the part cf

      the Yankees . Since the 0 th inst . they have had Tera Cruz surrounded by 14 , 000 - » 15 , 009 men , and , though it was only defended by 4 , 000 , one-half « f whom mere militia , they dared not attack it like meai but from a dis . tance threw shells into it until one-fourth of tbe town was in ashes , pad a great numberof womea and children destroyed . The _Uericans have shown uncommon pluck _. The Americans gave it out that their batteries on shore were to play only on tbe castle , whilst tbeirdeetattacked it on the other side . They have not , however , had the eourpge to try their strength on the castle ( notwithstanding their heavy fleet ) , but have contented themselves with inglorionsly shelling helpless Vera Cruz . " , .

      On the 3 rd of April appeared at Vera Crux the first number of a newspaper , entitled the American _Bsfr . Several tacts mentioned ia its columns indicate that no very conciliatory temper was shown by tbe bulk of tbe invaders on the one band , or by the natives on the other . On toe lit of April General Scott found it necessary to issue a very emphatic order of the day , in wbieh he appeals to tha army not to allow themselves' to be . dishonoured by a handful of scoundrels , who scout all religion , morals , law , and decency . He states that many undoubted atrocities have been committed in the neighbourhood by a few worthless soldiers , both regulars and volunteers .

      From the _ lmcrica _* i Eagle we learn that it was dangerous for small parties of Americans to stray outside of their lines . * . Thecase ofa small party is mentioned wbo bad advanced about seven or eight miles into the interior on the 28 th of March . They returned with an account of their having been attacked by _Bancheros wbo bad killed eight of their number . Gen . Scott , having resolved to leave 600 men to gar ; _rison the city and castle , was preparing to advance , by Jalapa _, upon Meiico , with 14 , 000 men , 1 . 530 waggons , and a heavy train of artillery . Colonel Harney , of tbe 2 nd Dragoons , left Vera Crnz on the 2 nd of April , tu take possession of Antigua , a town about eight mile * northward .

      fa tten from Philadelphia of April-7 ' ., contain the following : —Ad vices _frim the Brazos , to ths 2 nd Inst ., have been received . It is reported that tbe advance of General Taylor bad overtaken that portion of the Mexican army , under General Orrea and Canales , near Tula . A fight took place , whieh lasted seven hours , at the expiration of which time General Taylor came up , and a general engagement ensued . _ he _" _-Mexlcans > ere defeated with great loss . Both the generals , Urrea and Canales . were tnk . n prisoners . Colonel Doniphan is

      repor _t ed to have continued his advance after occupying Chihuahua , and to have taken three other townsnames notmentioned . The following is an extract from a letter of a gentleman attathed to the company of Santa _ _¦ _ traders : — " This province is by no means subdued aod the inhabitants require b * t little stimulus ti rise en masse , and murder every American in the country . There is no land fit for cultivation e __« ept a few _acwi on the rivers . The remainder is mountainous . It will cost the government much money , and many lives to defend it , even from the Indians . "

      Risings of the Mexicans against the Americans bave occurred at several places in California . A number of Americans _including Governor Bent of Santa F _. have been surprised and put to deatb by the Indians , who cruelly tortured them . General Kearney ' s expeditian * from Santa Fe to San Diego , appears to hare been _exposed to the most frightful privations , The horses of his _dragoons perished in the desert from fatigue and want of _% 'ater * and in the absence of Otber provisions , the men . 'ere . compelled to sat the flesh ofthe dead animals . Ai ' . ' tbe mountain

      passes were disputed by the natives , and in forcing them twenty men were killed and fifteen ( i-c ! -di _< c the general himself ) wounded . £ _eing reinforced by •• . "feral men

      West Indies. Jamaici.—The Legislature B_...

      from Commodore Stockton ' s squadron at San Diego , General Kearney _succeeeed in re-occup $ iog Angelos , although opposed b y 700 men ( Mexicans , English , and even Americans ) , with several pieces of artiUry . After suffering all tbe horrors of anarchy for several days , the city of Mexico had been restored to a state of tranquillity by the arrival of Santa Anna and his assumption of _sovereign power . On his way to Mexico he was everywhere greeted with the acclamations of the people , '; and triumphal processions went forth from every village to meet him . -.. _-. ' . Later accounts from Mexico ' concurred in _reprVsentinp Santa Anna as prestnt in the city and at the head of affairs on the lst of April . He had demanded from Con Kress authority to raise a loan on any terms to the amount ' of twenty millions of dollars . The receipt of the intelligence of the surrender of Vera Cruz in the capital , had only elicited the expression of a determine _, tion to continue the war .

      We subjoin Santa Anna ' s noble address on assuming supreme power ; which it will be perceived was written after the capture of Vera Cruz was known ;—Manifesto o * Santa Anna . —Antonio Lopez de Santo Anna , interim President o £ the Mexican Itepublic , ti bis Fellow-countrymen : «• Mexicans ! Vera Cruz is already in the power of the enemy . It bas fallen , not under the weight of American valour _. ' nor even under the influence ofits good fortune . We ourselves , shameful as it may be to say it , have _brought upon ourselves this dire disgrace , hy o _ r interminable discords . The government owes you the whole truth ; you are to arbitrate on the fate of the country ; ifitis tobe defended , you will be those who shall stop the triumphant march of the enemy that occupies Vera Cruz ; if he shall advance one step more , tbe national independence will . be buried in the

      abyss of tbe past , I am resolved to go forth to the encounter of the enemy . What is life ennobled by national gratitude if the country suffers a reproach wliich shall cast a « tigma on the front of every Mexican % My dutyis t > offer mys If as a sacrifice , and I shall know how to fulfil that duty . The haughty Americans desire to obtain possession of the capital of the Aztec empire . I shall not witness such a disgrace , for I am decided sooner to die in combat . It is a critical moment for the Mexican nation ; Itis as glorious to die in the struggle , as infamous to acknowledge a defeat _iiithout an _iffurt , a defeat too by an enemy whose rupacity is as far re * moved from valour as from generosity , Mexicans . ' have you a religion ! Defend it . Have you honour 1 Save it from infamy . Do you love your wives and your children ? Reicue them from American _brufalicy .

      But it is deeds , not vain demands , nor sterile wishes , which are to be opposed to tbe enemy . The national cause is supremely just . Why does God appear to have abandonedit ! Iiis displeasure will cease if wc present , as an expiation of our crimes , tbe sentiments ot a sincere union—of a true patriotism . Thus the Eternal will bless our efforts , and vre shall be invincible ; for , against the decision ef eight millions of Mexicans , how shall eight or ten thousand Americans prevail when they hare ceased to be tbe instruments of Divine justice ? I speak to you for the last time ; for the sake of God , listen to me ; you must not hesitate between death and Blavery ; und if the enemy shall vanquish vou , at least let your resistance be respected . It is now time that there _chould be no thought but for the common defence The hour of _sacrifices has struck . Awaken ' , the tomb opens at your feet . Win a laurel , that it may be reared over it . But

      the nation will not perish : I will answer for the triumph of Mexico , nay , will swear for the result , if an unanimous and sincere cooperation shall only second my desires . Fortunate will be tbe humiliating affair of Vera Cruz . If the fate of that city shall inspire Mexican breasts with the enthusiasm , the dignity , and the generous ardour of true patriotism , it will unquestionably hive been the salvation of the country ; . but should Mexico succumb she will bequeath hir shame and her dishonour to those egotists who have sought not lo defend her—those traitors who have prosecuted their own personal combats ; damaging the national character . Mexicans , the fate of the country In in your hands ; you , not the Americans ; will decide it , ' Vera Cruz cries for vengeance ; hasten to wipe out the foul blot of her dishonour . —( Signed , ) _AntonioLopxz de Santa Anna , — Mexico , March 81 . 1847 .

      Dreadful Case Of Poisoning. Some Days Ag...

      DREADFUL CASE OF POISONING . Some days ago great consternation and exeitement prevailed in Devonport , owing to a rumour that several persons had been poisoned at the Victory of China beer shop , Pembroke-street , kept by Mr W . M . Ackland , and that one of thepartieshadactually died from the effects ofthe poison . The . _followin- ; are the particulars : —On Wednesday evening the deceased , at the above house , drank several pints of beer and porter , and continued to drink freely . In the course of the evening deceased becameacquainted with a female , and with whom he remained in tlie house during the ni _<; lit . The deceased stated to his companion that his name was Henry Gilbert , that he was twenty-one years of age , and that he was an of . -

      cer , on board her Majesty ' s ship Caledonia . The young man , on rising tlie next morning and coming down stairs , proceeded to call for beer , and continued drinking ; with little " intermission , till half-past eleven , when a seaman , called Pedlar , ofthe Queen , came into the room in which deceased and some females were drinking . Shortly afterwards Pedlar filled a glass with porter several times , and at the same _tiraeMrcw from hU trousers pocket some white powder , mixed it with the beer _. and then successively handed a glass of the mixture round to each of the company , including the landlady of the house . Unfortunately the deceased and one of . the females , Kesiah Cook , drank the poisonous . draught , the remainder of the company observingthe movements and _suspectin't Pedlar's designs , refused to drink .

      Shortly after drinking the poison , deceased and the female Cook became exceeding . ill . The deceased lingered till about three o ' clock on Saturday afternoon , when he expired . The girl Cooke is in a recovering state . Shortly ; after the porter was administered , Pedlar , on hearing his name mentioned . in connection with the transaction , suddenly decamped . The borough police were then brought and acquainted with the circumstances of " tho case , and several of that body immediately placed themselves on the alert , and active search was made to apprehend thc murderer . The prisoner wa 3 captured in _Cornwallstreei by four watermen , who had previously received information of the circumstance and a description of _, the prisoner . On being taken into custody , the prisoner became flushed in countenance , and appeared suddenly seized with a tremor , which was taken br the _bj-staadera as indication of guilt , and therefor . no time was lost in lodging him at the station-home . On being searched , a shilling , some coppers , and a

      letter were taken _ti-om ' tis waistcoat _ipocket ; nothing : was discovered which was supposed to have any re- , ference to the transaction in question till theprisoner had divested himself of bis waistcoat , when the * watch-pocket and a portion of prisoner ' s trousers ap-i neared suffused with a _wiate powder , answering the j description of that which was said to be put into tbe ! porter by the prisoner . Three ofthe females , wlio were in company with the _prisoner iii -the afternoon at the Victory of China , were at the station liouse when _^ the p risoner wa 3 brought in , and immediately identified him as being : the person who administered the _fiital _elaes to the _deeeased . The prisoner , on being charged with _administering poison to certain parties , gave utterance to _soaaetiiing' which was altogether unintelligible . lie afterwards , 'however , anxiously inquired whether "the man who was said to hare been poisoned was dead * " On tha . point he was not then satisfied . The prisoner was then locked up . An inquest was held on the body , and the particulars detailed above were proved .

      Rota. Lora. , Hu__Uo.—Tnu Q,Up.-*- Amb J...

      Rota . _LorA _. , Hu __ uo . —Tnu Q , up .- * - amb Jennt Lind . —That beastly journal , the parsons" _fa-roorite paper , " John Bull , " on Sunday last , has the following disgusting morsel . We hope it will not act as an emetic upon oar readers ; - _* ' The Queen , as already stated , arrived before the commencement of the overture . During the performance oftlie opera her Majesty gave frequent indications of the delight she experienced by bestowing her applause wit / tan energy scarcely surpasted . by any lady in the theatre , and ' at the close of the opera , when the fair cantatriee was

      summoned before the curtain to receive the final stamp of approbation fwra the audience , her Majesty to far threw aside her Queenly dignity as to cast a superb bouquet , which ; iay before her in the Royal box , at the feet of _t-edeouunue . The incident— certainly unparalleled on any former occasion in this countrywas unobserved by thesreat majority of the audience all of whom were at this moment in an extreme state of excitement ; but 'the gracious act of condescension' flh'd not escape the fair aongRtress , and a profound curtsey acknowledged tho Royal recognition of her success . ''

      An _Afb'C- ** Kin . and tub Qusbs of Spain . —The African King , Maria de Gallyna , has addressed a letter to her Majesty , in which lie styles her his sister , and sympathises with her Majesty and all Spaniards . He says that they are the _^ nly foreigners he permits to enter his vast _reajms-e _^ is epistle is rather a curious one—ke ; rc que _. _l _* - her Majesty to send him a sugar-loaf shaped hat , with a long red feather : _asurtout with the longest skirts , a cane with a gold head as large as an orange , and red trousers with a gold band . Her Majesty has determined on sending him all he applies for , and moreover , a

      scarlet mantle , with gold embroidery on its collar [ If his woolly-headed Kingship will send to his •¦ sister , " the Queen of England , there can be no doubt that" her Majesty " would forward him that duck ofa hat , Prince Albert ' s Own . Sucha _frightful addition to his Kingship ' s head-piece would render his Majesty invisible in war , as at the sight of him , so accoutred , his enemies would be sure to take to their heels . Why , O Maria de Gallyna , sigh for a sugar-loaf hat , when you might be blessed with Prince Albert ' s immortal four-an _.-ninefj

      The * ' Carlisle Journal" mentions that many persons on the borders have lately suffered from scurvy , which is attributed to the scarcity of vegetables . . Pembbokb . —Captain Child has declared his intention of again opposing Sir John Owen . Sir John beat him by a considerable majority at the last election .

      Ifmpmai Pufamtft*

      _ifmpmai pufamtft *

      Monday, Mat 10 . House Op Lords .-Fod- R...

      MONDAY , Mat 10 . HOUSE OP LORDS _.-Fod- Relief ( _Ibe-amd ) Bin ,. —Their lordships _ngain wint into committee on this bill , and the remaining clauses were after some discussion agreed to . Lord Stanlet then moved the introduction of a clause similar to . that proposed by Lord Georgo Bentinck In the House of Commons , viz ., ' that it should not be lawful for any occupier of rateable property holdin _.-nnder any lease or agreement tobe made or entered into after _thepass Bg ofthe act , or from year to year , after the 1 st of January ; 1849 , to deduct from the rent to which he may be liable , any amount whatever In respect of any rate which may be imposed subsequent to the date of such lease or agreement , or subsequent to such

      lst day of January , as the case may be . The noble lord , in tbe course ofa lengthened address , asked whe . ther any government would be prepared--to follow out the principle to its consequences bypassing a similar law for England after it had been adopted for Ireland , witbout a safeguard such as he proposed ! He even doubted whether such a system would be snfo in Scotland , with all the advances that agriculture had made there . If , therefore , such a principle could not be trusted in England , and was doubtful as regarded Scotland , _hocoLtended that , if applied to Ireland , it would lead to absolute and entire ruin . The only hope tor the _restaration of Ireland was by making it the interest of the occupier to increase the amount of labour , which

      stimulus could only be supplied by requiring the occu piers to employ the labourers or support them when unemployed , and be called upon the house to beware how theyrejected his proposal . He sought to interfere with no existing agreement , to violate no existing lease , but merely to affirm a principle , sound and Justin itself , thatthe occupier , who alone had the means of giving employment , should be made responsible for doing so . With the existing amount of _paupeiism in Ireland , relief could only be expected from tho employment of an in . creased amount of labour , either by breaking up of new land , oi * by an improved system of agriculture . That was the only safeguard of the country ; and if his propo . Mtion were rejected , tbe future improvement of Ii eland would be Impossible .

      The Marquis of _Lahskow- _*** , in opposing the amend _, ment , characterized it an one which would be disastrous in every way to Ireland—hazardous to the peace ofthe country , and incompatible with the successful operation of the measure before the house . The object of the bill was to equalise the burden as between landlord and tenant , and it was essential to do this if they would carry with them the feelings ofthe people of Ireland in earrying out tbe measure . Would tbey be taking thc best way in whieh to carry the feelings of the people with them , in throwing , when they were about to impose a " gnat an ! unknown burden'' upon Ireland , the whole burden upon the occupier , to the exemption ofthe landlord ! Ho did nit agree with Lord Stanley that they could safely or should be regardless of the imprcs _. ion

      which might be rande by a m- asure of that or any other nature . It would be vain f _» r them to attempt to convince the Irish occupier that it would be for his benefit thnt such . n amendment should bo engrafted upon the bill . He thought that Lord Stanley would have lUe greatest difficulty in convincing an _O'Sulliv . n in the county of Kerry , or an O'Brien in the county of Clare , that such would be the case . Even were the principle ofthe bill unjust , it might be expedient for the landlord ! to concede it to the occupier , in the matter of the Irish tithes , the churnh had already done this—in abandoning tbe tithes when they became difficult of collection and endangered the peace of the country , ne . trusted their lordships would refuse their concurrence to the proposition submitted to them by the noble lord . The experi .

      ment which they were about to make with regard . to Ireland he could not call a perilous , but an adventurous one , and he trusted that tbe house would consent to no amendment which would not only contraveit itB working , out subject to unnecessary hazard the tranquillity ofthe country . After a protracted discussion , during which more tban one noble lord who bad voted for ibe limitation of tbe bill expressed himself opposed to tbe amendment before the house , Lord Stanley , in consequence of ibe opposition he saw arrayed against him , withdrew his amendment , with tbe intimation of bringing it forward on the report , but not with , the intention of dividing the

      house upon it . Tbe report was then ordered to be brought np on Friday . ta HOUSE OF COMMONS . —Use ov Gbaih in Disti ___ - bz . s , and Suspension of Corn La its . —Mr Baillie said it had some time since been Inquired of tbe government whether they contemplated introducing any measure for the restriction ofthe . use of grain in * distilleries . Tha answer at that time had been to the effect that no such measure was then contemplated . Since that , however , the price of corn had risen'in the market some 80 s . per quarter , and there was every probability of a further rise . Under these circumstances he thought he might again repeat the question , whether there was any intention of prohibiting the use of grain distilleries !

      Lord J . _RnssE . i .. —I was not prepared for the question , and , therefore , I will not undertake to-day to answer it As it has been put , however , I may as well state that on nn early day itis my intention to propose the continuance of the suspension ofthe duties upon the import of corn . ( Loud cries of " Hear , hear , " from the ministerial side . ) ¦ Thb ' Pbese . t Crisis . —The order of the day for the house to go into Committee of Supply having been read , and the Speaker having left tbe chair , ' The _Chance-. ob of the Exchequer submitted a resolution to allow discount at the rate of five per cent , to such ' _persons as . may make advances en account of the instalments of the £ 8 , 000 , 000 loan on or before the 18 th of June , and atthe rate of . per cent , to such persons ah may make advances on the instalments on or before the 10 th of September . The Rigbt Honourable Gentlem _. n explained the reasons which induced him to have recourse to this measure , together with the increase of the interest oh Exchequer Bills to threepence

      a day , with 'the _btpe of relieving the pressure on thc money market * . He said that these two measures were indispensable to maintain the credit of the government , and to ease our monetary transactions , which they would do , not bo much by the actual amount of money they will let looBe , as by removing alarm and restoring conn dence . He asserted that , in all respects , the money market was easier than it had been , and he quoted tht authority of the Governor of-the Bank for saying that , considering the moderate demands made upon the deposit of Exchequer bills , considering the amount of Dutch gold that had been imported' and considering that the exchanges from America showed a likelihood of a cessation in the exportation of bullion , our monetary affairs are much improve 1 in aspect during the last few days . But the _f-ise inthe price of grain w . _i 3 the cause of most serious apprehensions ; and to obviate the difficulties that might arise from that cause , the Prime Minister ha ' taken a measure , notice of which he had given to the

      house . Mr Home said that unless Sir R . Peel could give n better explanation of tho working of the Bank Act ol . 84 . than the _Chancellor of the Exchequer , it W _8 S full time to reconsider that measure . Mr _Mas . _ebxah proposed , as an addition to tbe resolution , that the committee is of opinion that nothing would tend so much to relieve the pressure on the moaey market as an assuranoe given by the Chancellor ol the Exchequer that he would apply to Parliament for powers to enable the Bank of England to make provision fer nny advances tbat might ba required for the July dividends , out of . he issue department ot the Bank of England , instead of-out ofthe banking department . The Honourable Member declared that , in bis opinion , it wonld be impossible for tho iBank of England , under the Aet ' _-f - & U _, to meet the demands of the government and to Rive the necessary public accommodation .

      The' ( ... airman of . the _-Comaiitiee decided that this amendment could not ie put . " Mr S-own expressed , in very strong terms , bis eenBe of the . extremity of tke present . pressure . _Confidt-ce , whieh was the life of a _commercial country , was almost extinct io the country . ¦ Men dared not enter into contracts with each ether . He was afraid that the last accounts from the United States were not so flattering as to lead uo to believe tbat there would be in that market a greater-emend for our produce ,-or a less demand for our gold . We must send gold to the United States or our people roust . starve . ' He then proposed a plan for alleviating the present pressure on the money-market , but owing to ibe indistinct tone in which he spoke we are not certain that we understood it correctly ; but it appeared to us tbat be proposed to call in thepmoDt Hold circulation , and to substitute for it a portion of bank-notes , taking bullion as security for part of the aoteB so issued , and the security of the Bank for the remainder .

      Mr _N-wdeoate observed that on the experience of practical men , hehad _ren turned to predict , in the year 18 _M , that the results of the Bank Act which Parliament then passed would be cuch asthey had been graphically described to be tbat evening . Oae of its most remarkable results was , that the Chancellor of the Exchequer had been obliged to discount his own loan to meet the claims of the public creditor , and tbat he could not be blamed for having done so . He ( MrNeivdegate ) had then stated that the Bank Act of 1 _.. 1 was

      only a boat for fair weather , and that on the first appearanoe of a storm it would be found incapable of resisting its _presiure . If tbo proposition of Mr Brown were to be adopted , and ifthe Bank wero to be allowed to increase the amount of its circulation on securities , be hoped that that increase would be of a permanent , and not of a temporary character ; for if it were not , we sbould have a panic like that which followed tbe temporary issue of £ 1 notes in 1823 , and which developed itself in the course ofthe year IS' 25 . After _specebes from Mr _Fo-bes and Mr Finch .

      Lord G . Bentinck could only regard the expedients proposed by . the Chancellor of the Esehequer as very miserable efforts to relieve the _prcss-ro of the money market—expedients that seemed calculated rather to save the Chancellor of the Exchequer himself than to preserve the trade and commerce and monetary concerns of the country . The right honourable gentleman proposed to discount his own loan , but he hnd lain no foundation for the supposition that the contractors of the loan would have any desire to avail themselves of thedisc _** unt of five per cent , when at this moment money was worth ieven and eight per cent , For his part , he was not very sanguine of the success of the measure , and waa of opinion that tha right honourable gentleman would be compelled to call on tbe bank to assist h ' . m with the July dividends , The noble lord tnrnod to the condition of the grain market , and stud be bad hoped that the

      Monday, Mat 10 . House Op Lords .-Fod- R...

      Government would have brought forward mm * o ( Helent measures , seeing that the price of corn bad riWn . to 120 i , _« quaiterin Murk-lane , and that stocks wet _every low in those _pliccs from whence our supplies usually come _. Were thty , he would ask , to go on endeayourir . s to bring toe ' ' gold to the coffers of the Bank , at the _lizard of diminishing the supply of . food to the people « The Prime Minister thought that the _reduction of Oie duty on the importation of corn would remedy the latter evil ; but tho noble lord should remember that , under the old Corn Law , no duty could at present be leviable .. _n _cora .

      He could see no early prospect of a r _. turn of _^ old to this country , and yet to attain this object the trade and commerce of the country _wsre perfectly parai * stil . Lord Georgo instanced thc extraordinary fact within his own knowledge that one house , whieh had in its coffers £ 60 , 000 in silver coin , were yet wholly unaWB to raise money upon it . He maintained that by thi- course the Government were pursuing they were _atarv . ing the peoplo in order to feed with gold the i . Jolthey had set up in the Bank Chatter Act—an act that should bere ,. ealed without a moment's doluy .

      Mr Cabdweli defended the Act of 18 . 4 , which he C 0 __» tended , had not yet had a fair trial . Mr T . Basing asked , could the Act of 1844 be said to operote properly when respectable merchants were offer * ing enormous discounts in order to raise even small _sumiy and when even good bills at a fortnight's date were re _^ fused discount ? Was it a state of things to _bn permitted to continue when even the possessor of £ 60 , 000 of silver coin ceuld not raise money upon it to meet his engage * ment ; ., because the B _. nkof England was compelled by the Act to limit its orilinary operations ? Without adverting to the policy of the Bank Act , he w _onl * say that itcould not be made applicable to emergencics _. and it could not be otherwise , at such ti me 6 , than enormously injurious to the trade and commerce of the country .

      Mr _DibbA-. i laughed at Mr Cardwell _' s assertion that the act of 18 . 4 had saturated England with go * . ' ! , and . showed , by various returns , that if England Hau beensaturated with gold , thc process of saturation had taken place before that act was passed . In reply to the lnmen * tations whicli some speakers had indulged , that -. ' ie Hunk had not contracted its issues when the danger first appeared , he showed , first , that the lamentation was not founded in truth ; and next , that by the Bank Charter , if the Bank bad mismanaged it * concerns , it v / ns their affair and not ours . Sir R . Peel , therefore , had no right to turn round upon the Bank as be hnd done ; for the conduct of tbe Bank was not liable to the imputations wbich be had cast upon it , but was entitled to tim ' ugliest praise . The Bank Act of 1814 was , however , in distress ,

      —A scape-goat must be found font ; the Bank of . Ens-land was made that scape-goat , by an net of hijustioe which could not be tolerated and ought not to be _defended . He then proceeded to show that it was owing to the _prudence ofthe Bank of England that we had been _en'iblsd to import 6 , 000 , 000 quarters of wheat during the last winter , and thut we werenow enabled to export to France some of that wheat so imported , and were thus bringing back gold to our own shores . He then made a fierce onslaught on tho act of 18 ' 4 contending that it had failed in every object which it was passed to accomplish , and th ; U ii _]> re * vented none of the mischief , but much of thc " otmefit , which occurred und . r the law in force before its enact * ment . Its failure . bad been predicted by all the great banking firms in L- nibard-street ; and he < was Blue that tiiere waa not one of them who was now ashamed of the

      memorial which they had presented against it _wluut it was yet in embryo . He further denounced tbat net as a great delusion , which only became a reality when it locked up that part of tho treasure of the Bank which was in the department of issue , in thc coffers of the -sink _. He leftit , therefore , in the hands of the house to decide _whether it would continue any _longtr to support a measure which did not prevent fluctuations or panics- —which did not regulate the amount of notes or bullion- — did not control the arbitrary discretion of tbeBunk—and wliich only enabled the government to lock up £ 10 , 000 , 000 in tbe Bank vaults , and to throw tbe key _afterwards into the river Thames .

      Sir R . Pee . would have been very glad if Mr D ' srael * really bad left it in the hands of tbe house to decide on the merits of the act of 1844 , for the house was ot present discussing the great principles and practice of currency in the most inconvenient form possible , and without theslightest chance of coming to any decision upon them _. The Chancellor nf the Exchequer made a proposition , of wliich he cor . li . illy approved . No sooner had he made it than Mr Masi ernian came to the table and proposed aa amendment , which he was told could not bo put from the chair with'mt violating the nsual forms ofthe house _. He hoped that before the house consented to _tak- * u new courfe with respect to the currency , it would not only consider the _nuture of the evil with which it was called upon to contend , but also the great variety of tho

      _remedu s proposed for it . He hoped that it would consider . ilso whether it wns a small modification of the act of 1844 wliich was wanted , or whether it was not a subversion ofits great principle . He then took a review of he present debate , and showed that Mr Masteruiau , Mr Browne , Mr Newdegate and Mr Finch , had each proposed a different ; system of currency varying from a limited circulation of £ 1 notes for a limited time down to a per . fectly inconvertible paper currency . In the course of _his # _minents Sir R . Peel called up Mr Mnstermau and Mr _. _tewi ' pgtite repeatedly to explain , and on each , occa * sion amused the house by pointing _outwliathe coucBived the fallacy of their esplanntions _, ana by exulting over iheir repugnance to admit their own statements , when they were submitted to the house no longer obscured by

      rhetorical artifice . ' .,. He warned the house to be cautious lest in seeking relief from the repeal of tbe act of 1844 it should not be incurring the risk of aggravating incalcu * lalily the present difficulties of the country . We were now Fuffering from an unexpected scarcity of _fo-id—frora a spirit of speculation which had run riot in 1 S _415—and frem an _extraordinary failure of the cotton crop , which had increased to an unprecedented degree the price of the raw material of one of our staple manufactures _. Now there was no country , exposed tb the triple piossura _ofthreesuch cases , which would not feel it _no _' _- erely , no matter what modification might bo made in tht charter _, of its bank , or what amount of £ 1 notes it migli t hn en * . * titled to circulate . He tben repeated the declaration ' which he nude on a former occasion , that , if _expn-ic _. ue ,

      had convinced him 'that the public interests required a modification of the banking law which he had intro * dueed , he should be ashamed of himself if he wantedcourage to propose tho necessary modification of it . ' 'But * be wanted that conviction , and therefore be could not consent topTopoiea . y alteration in It , ' rla-gtnttemen considered what the law was to be if the act of 1844 were _, repealed ? Were they anxious to restore the law before ! thattirae , by which _thecountry banks had the power of " unlimited issue , and the Bank of England the _poverto-Usue notes on its own _responsibility and without reference to the exchanges ? In that case they would have no security against the recurrence of the disorders of 1838 nnd 1839 . Tho main _objectof tho act of 1844 was toensure the convertibility of paper into gold , to limit the

      circulation , and to prevent the temptation of _giring aceommodatlon by the issue of paper , thus purchasing temporary ease by measures which must afterwards aggravate every pecuniary difficulty , and lead to those panics which inevitably produced a demand on the Bank for gold . ThtttobjectevenMr T . Baring admitted that it had accomplished ; for he had told the committee that on the present occasion there had been no panic and no run ou the B » nk for gold . Heuttcrly denied the position of Mr Disraeli that we had no right to criticize the proceedings ofthe Bank , —that . Bank to which we had i ; ranted large privileges and _a-treat monopoly , and which exercised , so much influenco over the circulation of the country . Ho then repeated , that ho gave his cordial support to the resolutions of the Chancellor of the _E-chequer , but admitted th _. t he shared in the apprehensions with which some gentlemen viewed them _. The rise in the price of corn that day was not an encou * raging circumstance . The pressure in the corn market

      was not confined to this country , but extended to every other in the northern parts of Europe . We must , therefore , expect an increased pressure within the next two or three months . He was glad to hear , however , of the prospects of improvement in other quarters . Ho lamented that the difficulties of the money market were causing embarrassment to the manufacturers of Lancashire . If he thought that the relaxation of this act would afford them any relief , he would offer no impediment to it ; but it was bis firm belief that a temporary issue of 2 . 000 , 000 of Bank notes , and an advance of money on Exchequer-bills to the same amount , withont an _incrsase of capital , would only purchase for them a temporary relief at the risk of much greater ultimnte danger . He concluded by expressing a hope that we should bo able to pass through the present crisis without tampering with those sound principles of currency which we had had so much difficulty in re-establishing , after the long period of their suspension inthe interval between tbe years 1797 and 181 _D .

      The Marquis of Gbanbt moved the adjournment of the debate . After some discussion tbe amendment was negatived . Thc resolution was agreed to , and ordered to be reported on Tuesday . Health of Towns Bin . —Wd Mobpeth , in postponi _. g the second reading of this bill to tbis day , said it was not the intention of the government to proceed with the whole measure , as he proposed it to the house , in the present session of pariiameut . After having many interviews on the subject with members Metropolitan Health of Towns Association , they to confine the bill to those towns that had —to those , in fact , to which the Municipal extended , and which had _regularly-cons lituted by whom the powers proposed to be given by might hi applied . They would drop that tho bill whieh enabled the cronn to nominate of the _eommissioaers . ( Hear . ) It was not

      tion to include the metropolis in the Hill , not did not think it less required it , but he thought Earl of Lincoln that it wns large enough to subject of a separate bill . The bill would give _missiouers the power of constructing gas works where none existed , and of contracting witb gal and water companies where they did exist . Tbey proposed that the value ofthe property should be _ustim _ited as in the Land Consolidation Clauses Act , These vi _« e the chief points of the bill which excited opposition . Ee hoped that next session tbey would bave more leisure to . apply themselres to the bill _Jfor tbe metropolis than they could devote to it at present , when more pressing , though be could hard hardly say more important matters demanded their attention . ( Hear , hear . ) Tbe house adjourned at a quarter . nast one . } _,

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 15, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_15051847/page/7/