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Northern Star (1837-1852), 12th October 1850, Edition 3 of 3, Page 4

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  • Departments (3)
    • ¦ portraits of patriots.
    • STo <Erovmpoirti:ettT*.
    • THE fiOSTHEM STAB SATURDAYOCTOBER 13, 1850.
  • Adverts (13)
  • Text (10)
  • Transcript

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      O Necessarilspring From Oarbut Is Mlamar...

      4 _; - - THE _flORTkERN STAR . _OciQBEB 13 , 1850 . _^—¦—¦ " _—*™ _^ — —••> " '~~~~ "/¦ ¦ ' it ! i . l

      Ad00409

      UNITED PATRIOTS' AND PATRIARCHS' BENEFIT SOCIETY . Enrolled pursuant to 10 Geo . IV , c 56 , A & 5 Will . IV . c . 46 , & 9 & 10 Vic . c . _ST _.-Insdtuted , 7 th Feb ., 18 « . PATRONISED BT THE WORKING M 1 IXIONS . - . . The Society is divided into six sections , to meet the necessities and requirements ofan classes of mechanics and labourers , f tom fifteen years of age to forty-five . This Society consists of above two thousand _metiers , ana _nas a fended _capital of 2 , 6221 . 16 s . 3 d . ; _haviig paid the foUo « . fiog sums for benefits _smco its _formatton :-SlCkneSB , 8 , 7061 . os . lOd Funerals , 1 , 3821 . _SuperaSuktion . 301 . Os . 4 d . Fire , 361 . 16 s . 5 W .-Total 7 , 1591 ., 2 s Jf * . . nn Ihe foUomngis the SCALE OF FEES to be paid at entrance : 3 s . must be paid when adm . tted . and the remainder can extend over a period of six months , to bepaid with the s » _hsOTption _^ _monmy , rf desired :-. Age lst section , 2 nd section . 3 rd section . _^ secfaon . _5 _* "ctl „ " * f _^^ f ' Froml 5 to 32 .... £ 0 5 s . 2 d . .... £ 0 4 s . 8 d ..... JE » 4 s . 2 d ..... £ 0 3 s . 8 d ..... £ 0 3 s . 2 d £ 0 2 s . 2 d . - 32-36 .... 0 7 2 . v . ; 0 6 8 .... 0 6 2 .... 0 5 8 .... 0 5 2 .... not admitted = 2 = 2 •» \ ¦••• • 11 :::: SJ I :::: oil I :::: U 1 :::: _*« _K-n _Sf _£ """ KO "¦'" 6 0 _Secondditto .... 1 G 0 0 .... 8 0 0 SditS 11 0 4 0 Thirdditto .... 12 0 0 .... 6 0 0 _EhflL *¦ " 9 6 " :::: •» ° Fonrthditto .... 10 0 0 .... 5 0 0 _fK _* _£ . 7 0 4 0 Fifthditto .... 6 0 0 .... 3 0 0 _SWrtiflii _£ 7 0 7 . 7 . 7 none . Sixthditto .... 2 10 0 .... none oixw mno ...... riaE _ _jj _, _^ Divisions ( n * Jth the exception of the Sixth ) £ 10 . Monthly contributions to ensure the above benefits . _UnderSOyeaisofage . _^ fYoid ! V _una " -B . _^ _. T \ : _^ _s , nr . _« « 7 id . _" S . lUW _.. 48 . 3 id . _» s _^^ _mT * " s 0 l GeneralExpenses 3 2 _J Insurance in caseof fire , 3 7 J 4 d . a month for ¦ TW _^^ _T "" _•* 4 includibg 2 6 _canberaiseatolW ., 2 10 I Medical _FmSh _rfiSn •>• 0 ' _Postase , _** ., 2 2 * l | _d . a month extra , 2 5 J ' Attendance and _Ktoditto .. ' . ' 1 8 J ljd . Monthly . 1 10 j 0 / 2 OI . 3 d . a month . 2 l ' J Medicine . Youthful , Gift , Widow and Orphans' Funds extra , for wliich , see the rules . ... Aeencies are established in many of the principal Towns throughout the Kingdom , and agents are required mall rails to whom a liberal allowance is made . Every _information Km be obtained , "by application to the Secretary , at the Office ofthe Society , 13 , Tottenham-court , New-road ( thirteen doors from the top _ofTottennam-court-road ) , at . _^ Persons in the _Countrj applying for Rules can have them forwarded , by enclosing twelve postage stamps , and if for _£ >< _- _& of application , or information , three stamps must be enclosed . r _Dasiel _"WittUM Rum , General Secretary .

      Ad00410

      ALSO THE BRITISH EMPIRE FREEHOLD LAND AND BUILDING SOCIETY t On an Advance your Rent is Saved—you become your own land and Householder . PATBOXISED BI THE W _02 KISQ MILLIONS . Bankers . —The Commercial Bank of London ( Branch ) 6 , Henrietta Street , Covent Garden , Chairman of Directors . —Seobge W . M . _Rbsnolds , Esq . _Lowion Qffixx —No . 13 , Tottenham Court , New Road , St . Paneras , London . —Daniel "WiiuiH _Horer _, Secretaiy . _Abbisged k . Thbee Sechokb . —Value of Shares and Paymentfor Investors . Full Share .. .. £ 120—payment of 2 s . 5 d . per Week , or 10 s . 6 d . per Month . _HalfShare .. .. 60 1 2 _J 5 3 Quarter Share .. .. 30 0 7 i 2 8 Applicants are requested to state in their form the Section they desire to be a Member of . " SoSdswesobs ' , Smachobs ' , _-OKKEDESenos Fees . — The present Entrance Fee , including Certificate , Rules , & c „ is 4 s . ner Share , and 2 s . 6 d . for any part ofa Share . Price of Rules , including Postage , ls . OBJECTS . lst—To enable members to build Dwelling Houses . 5 th . —To give to Depositing Members a higher rate of in . » _r , a T » afihr < i the means of _onrchasinff both Freehold _terest than is yielded by ordinary modes of investment ' 2 nd . —ToaffimltBeimesra ol : pnrcnasing _ootn _freenoia 6 t _^_ To enaWe Parent 5 t 0 make Endowments for their and _leasehold Properties or Land , _ _-...,. Children , or Husbands for their Wives , or for Marriage 3 rd . —To advance Mortgages on Property held by settlements _, members . 7 th . —To purchase apiece of Freehold Land of sufficient 4 th . —To enable Mortgagers being members to redeem value to give a legal title to a County Vote for Members ol _theirMortgaKes . ' Parliament . , „ 7 SECTIOV L—Bv ioinin" this section every person in town or country can become the proprietor of a House and land in "Ms own _neighbourhooa , ° without being removed from Lis _frienda , connexions , or tho present means himself and family _xnayhaveofcaining-aliveEhood . Section 11 —To raise a capital by shares to purchase Estates , erect Dwellings thereon , and divide the Land into allot _ttentsfiwmhalf-an-acre npwarfs , in or near the towns ofthe various branches of the society . The property to be the lonajide freehold of the member after a term of seven years , from the date of location , according to his subscriptions . _SECTION 11 L Saving or _deposit section , in which members not wishing to purchase are enabed to invest small sums , receiving interest at the rate of five percent psr annum , on every sum of 10 s . and upwards so deposited . U . B . — £ 500 will be advanced to the members ofthe first Section in November next , when all persons who have and may become members for shares , or parts of shares , on or before the 4 th of November next , and who pay six months ' subscriptions in advance , or otherwise , will be eligible for an advance .

      Ad00411

      EMIGRATION . THE BRITISH EMPIRE PERMANENT EMIGRATION AND COLONISATION SOCIETY , To secure to each Member a FARM of notless than Twenty-five Acres of Land in AMERICA , By Small Weekly or Monthly Contributions . LosDON Office : —13 Tottenham Court , New-road , St . Pancras . —D . W . _Roprr _, Secretary . OBJECTS . To purchase a large trac o Land in the Western States | To purchase in _laige quantities , for the common benefit , of America , npon whicb to locate Members , giving twenty- all necessary live and dead stock , and other requisites , five acres to each Share subscribed for . supplying each member on location with the quantity re-To erect Dwellings , and clear a certain portion ofthe quired at cost price _, land oa each allotment , previous to the arrival of the _rf T" _^" videforthelocationofgroups , _holdingtheLandin To establish a depot , fromwhich to provide each family common , as well as for individuals , securing to each their mtn the required quantity of wholesome food , until their _collective and separate rights and immunities . own land produced sufficient for their support _^ ALDE OP SHARES . Each Share to be of the ultimate Value of Twenty-five Pounds . To he raised by Monthly or ireeifcly Subscriptions , as follows : — A Payment of Ninepence per Week for Ten Tears will amount to 19 / _I 0 * . Bonus , 51 . 10 s . Ditto Sixpence per "Week for Fifteen Years will amount to 191 . 10 a . Bonus , 51 . 10 s . Repayments may he made to the Society in Money , Produce , or Labour . Prospectuses , Rules , Forms of Application for Shares , and every other information ; may be had at the Office as above . AU applications by Letter , addressed to the Secretary , must be pre-paid , and enclose a postage stamp for reply , By enclosing twelve postage stamps a Copy of the Rules will be forwarded , post free . Forms of Entrance by enclosing three postage stamps . Agents required in all parts of Great Britain .

      Ad00412

      RATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . Office , 14 , Southampton-street , Strand . _niHE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE X hereby announce tbe following meetings : — On Sunday October 13 th , the adjourned meeting of the Democratic Conference wiU be held in the Coffee _, room ef the John-street Institution . Chair to be taken at three o ' clock in the afternoon . On Sunday evening , ( same date ) the Metropolitan Delegate Council will meet at the King and Queen , Foleystreet , Portland-place . Chair to be taken at half-past she o ' clock ; and Hr . John Fussel will also lecture as above . To commence at half-past eight o'clock . On the same evenisg Mr . Wheeler will lecture at the Bricklayer ' s Arms , Tonbridge-street , New-road . On Monday evening , October 14 th , a public meeting will beheld at the City Hall , 26 , Golden-lane Barbican . Several friends to Democratic and Social Refom are expected to attend . Chair to be taken at eight o ' clock Signed on behalf of the Committee , Johs Absott , General Secretary .

      Ad00413

      TO TAILORS . By approbation of Her Majesty , Queen Victoria , and H . R . H . Prince Albert . NOW READY , THE LONDON and PARIS FASHIONS for AUTUMN and WINTER 1850-1 , the mostsplendid and superbly-coloured PRINT ever before published by Messrs . Benjamin BEAD and Co ., 12 Hart-street , Bloomsbury-sqaare , London ; and by G-. _BERGER , Holywell-street Strand . This exquisitely engraved Print will be accompanied with Riding , Dress , Frock and Shooting Coat Patterns , all of the newest and most fashionable style , and erery part _ftUy illustrated both for Cutting and Making-up . Also the registered Cape and Cloak-Paletot for persons of all nations , the most convenient garment every before inin and

      Ad00414

      THE BLOOD Our bodies have been ent irely formed , are now forming , and will continue to be built up during Lfe from the Blood . Tins being the ease , the grand object is to keep this precious fluid ( the blood ) in apure and healthy state , for without this purity , disease ivill show itself in some way or tiie other .

      I ^^^^^^^G^

      I _^^^^^^^ _g _^

      Ad00415

      M is universally admitted ihat this Medicine will purify the Blood belter than any other , and will conquer Disease .

      Ad00416

      Thb Tea _Tbadb , Oct . 7 . —The deliveries of tea ia the metropolis were , last week , 57 * 3 , _OOSlbS . j being srger than for a fortnight _preyiouslj - .

      Ad00417

      Education for the Millions , THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED , No . XXI . of " THE NATIONAL INSTEUCTOR . " PRICE ONE PENNY . The object ofthe Proprietor , _Fearous O'Connob , Esq ., M . P ., is to place within the reach of the poorest classes that Political and Social Information of which they are at present deprived by the Government " Taxes on Knowledge . " SIXTEEN _LAKGlToCTAVO PAGES , Price One Penny .

      Ad00418

      NOTICE . A WEST RIDING DELEGATE JX MEETING will be held on Sunday , October 20 th , at Mr . Hartley's , Temperance Hotel , Manchester-road , Bradford , at Eleven o'CIock in the Forenoon , for the purpose of electing a secretary and treasurer . Also , to take into consideration the suggestion of Mr . O ' Connor , on the propriety of holding a Conference in Manchester on an early day ; and , also , to discusB the plan of organisation wliich i 3 brought forward in London by the Social League , Nat ional Charter Association , and the Fraternal Democrats , for the purpose of an amalgamation of all grades of reformers into one bond of union . The following places are requested to send delegates : — Bradford , Leeds . Pudsey , Birstal , Dewsbury , Holmfirth , _Honley , Berry Brow , Huddersfield , Halifax , Sowerby , Sowerby-bridge , VYarley , Lower Warley , Wakefield , Queen ' s Head , Wilsden _, Bingley , Keighley , and any other place in the Hiding . By order , Tdomas "Wilcock . West Riding Secretary , To whom all communications must be addressed , to the care of Mr . Thomas Umpleby , News Agent , Mancheaterroad , Bradford , Yorkshire .

      Ad00419

      A Wonderful Cosmetic . —A most extraordinary phenomenon , it is said , has just made its appearance in this city , Viz . i a slave from the South , who has discovered a secret mode of changing tbe coloured skin to a white one . He has already , according to report , changed the hue of his feet , his hands , and a part of his face , while the rest of his person is gradually undergoing the same wonderful metamorphosis . The story is , that , while at work upon his master ' s plantation , he discovered that a certain weed exercised this astonishing effect . He and a number of his fellow slaves , rigorously applied the cosmetic , and the result is before us . He expects to be fully white in from eight to ten months . Should the whole negro population of the south acquire this secret , they will want nothing but wigs

      Ad00420

      On Saturday , the 2 nd of November , will be published the First Number of ROBERT OWEN'S JOURNAL A Weekly Periodical explanatory of the knowledge most essential to the happiness of all . Price One Penny ; by post , Twopence . Published by Clayton and Son , 265 , Strand , London MR . _OWEH'S ' REGEHT WORKS , THE REVOLUTION IN MIND AND PRACTICE . LETTERS TO THE HUMAN RACE . CATECHISM . And FAREWELL ADDRESS , " Are published by Effingham Wilson , Watson , and Vickers , London . *

      Ad00421

      TIIE PORTRAIT OF SIR ROBERT PEEL , And the Magnificent Historical Engraving , ofthe PORTRAITS OF THE AMERICAN PRESIDENTS , Are now ready . If any of our subscribers have not received them , application should be made to the agent who supplies them with the paper . Agents are requested , when ordering Prints , to state by what means they are to be forwarded .

      ¦ Portraits Of Patriots.

      ¦ _portraits of _patriots .

      The Readers Of . The "Northern Star," An...

      The readers of . the "Northern Star , " and the Democratic party generally , are informed , that there is now a re-issue of the various Steel engravings lately distributed with the "Northern Star . " They consist of Kossuth , Meagher , Louis Blanc , Mitchel , .. . - - Ernest Jones , Smith _O'Briew , _- Richard Oastler , John Fkost . These Engravings have excited the admiration of every one who has seen them . They are faithful portraits , and are executed in the moat brilliant style . Price Fourpence each .

      There has also been a reprint of the undermentioned portraits , which have been given away at different times with the "Northern Star , " and which are striking likenesses , and executed in the most brilliant manner—Andrew Marvel , William Cobbett , Arthur O'Connor , Henry ' . ont , Patrick _O'Higgins , F . O'Connor , Bronterre O'Brien , W . P . Roberts . J . R . Stephens , There is also a re-issue of the two large prints , " THE NATIONAL CONVENTION OF 1839 . ?' . ; " THE PRESENTATION OF THE NATIONAL PETITION , by Mr . DUNCOMBE , in 1842 . " To be had of J . Pavey , Holywell-street .

      Sto &Lt;Erovmpoirti:Ettt*.

      _STo < _Erovmpoirti : ettT _* .

      Polish Refugee Fund.— "W. Davis Begs To ...

      Polish Refugee Fund . — " W . Davis begs to acknowledge the reeeipt of the following sums : —Concert at George Tavern , £ 1 6 s—Assemblv Booms , Hampstead , 8 s 7 d—Calender Yard , 7 s 3 d-C . Styles , Cd—Mr . MUler ' a Book , 8 d—Collected onBonner ' _s-fields , by Mr . Stokes , £ 2 is 7 d —Raffle at Golden-lane , Gs—Collection , ditto , ls _lOJd—R ., per Mr . Moring , 4 d—Mr . Miller ' s Book , 7 d—Lecture at Trinity Chapel by Mr . Worrell , £ 2 lis 5 d—Mr . Smith , 5 _s—Mr . Sand , 2 s 6 d—Mr . Hows , 5 s . —The committee will meet next Wednesday , at the new Democratic Hall , _Turnmill-street , Clerkenweil . RBCEtvED from J . R . Calverton , 5 s . 6 d . Mb . J . _Teupeblef , Shotley Bridge . —Received . Mb . "Wahace _, Coldstream The cash was received on the 16 th of September . Mb . D . Black , St . Andrews , and Othera—The portraits required will be forwarded early , in the ensuing week .

      Several orders came too late for enclosure in agents ' parcels despatched this week . The full-length portraits of Mr . O'Connor are all disposed of , also that of Robert Emmet and T . S . Duncombe , Esq . Refugee Fund . — Received by T . Brown—Haynau ' s Refuge , Concert 5 s l £ d—Calender-yard 6 s Gd—Mr . Arnold ' s subscription 9 s Id—Concert at Stratford £ 1 Os _ljd . The Irishman . —Several correspondents having requested us to give the address of Mr . B . Fullam , we are enabled to inform them that it is 40 , Great _Brunswics-street , Dublin . John Dawson , Lees . —Under such circumstances we certainly believe that possession is nine points of the law . J . H ., Wigan . —We are not answerable for the truth of advertisements . Tlie public must decide . Were we io publish such letters as yours , we should be liable to innumerable actions for libel .

      The Fiosthem Stab Saturdayoctober 13, 1850.

      THE _fiOSTHEM STAB SATURDAYOCTOBER 13 , 1850 .

      The Land Question. A Lull In The Politic...

      THE LAND QUESTION . A lull in the political world always succeeds the close of the Parliamentary session , but we never recollect of its being so deep , and so protracted , as at present . Party politics appear to have fallen into abeyance . The few thinly-scattered party demonstrations , usual at this season , which have , as yet , been made , onl y serve to exhibit more completely the apathy ofthe great mass of the community , and the want of zeal , or earnestness , on the part of those who play the leading characters . They are , in fact , routine observances , from which the life has departed , and are merely honoured because of that reverence which

      John Bull habitually pays to whatever is hallowed by " use and wont . " The public mind is not , therefore , dormant , or contented with these dull decencies . In proportion as the people have escaped from the leading strings of party politicians , they have betaken themselves to the study , and the agitation , of questions far more comprehensive , important , and radical , than any ever mooted within the narrow circles of contending factions . Industry , and the tenure of tho soil , ore the subjects which now attract attention , and excite interest , to the exclusion of almost every other

      topic . "We have already alluded to the Tenant-Right Movement in Ireland } as a growing and formidable antagonist to that territorial feudalism which has , hitherto , been the especial bane and curse of that unhappy country . Its rapid progress , and the varied elements of strength which it is accumulating , are evidently producing uneasiness and fear in the minds ofthe landlord class . Their organs are becoming abusive ; a sure sign that the new League has succeeded in " touching the raw , " ahd making the " galled jade wince . " On this side the channel the popular tendency shows itself in the increasing discussion onthe

      subject , not only by the newspaper press , but by periodicals of high pretensions and influence . - The right of a small class of men to appropriate the soil of a country , and to lock it up from its inhabitants , except upon condition , that for the permission to cultivate it , the cultivators will maintain the appropriators in idleness and luxury , is one that will , in future , receive a most searching scrutiny . Even if such a right could , by any possibility be established , the question would remain to be considered , whether the consequences upon society were of such a character as to render the continuance of the system desirable .

      The manner in which the subject has been taken up in the United States , is perhaps the most forcible illustration of its fundamental and all-important naturethatcould be adduced . In that Republic , blessed with the freest political institutions the world has ever witnessed at any period of its hiBtory , the blighting influence of landlordism has been found to be as productive of evil as in the long-established monarchies of Europe . Even the peculiar and unparalleled territorial circumstances of tho States are insufficient to counteract the baleful operation of the system of Land Monopoly by individuals . It is found , that virtuall y

      the possessors ofthe soil become the masters of society , and that all lacklandera ave really their slaves . Neither political nor territorial advantages unrivalled in the world , avail against this terrible tyranny . The wide stretching prairies ofthe " Far West , " and the millions of millions of acres of fertile , and , as yet , unappropriated virgin soil , are a mockery to the masses . In whatever direction the tide of population flows the land jobber and speculator sails with it . Tho moment the land in any quarter is likel y to become valuable , he forestalls it . " When the actual settlers reach then * destination , they find , that although not an axe has been laid to

      The Land Question. A Lull In The Politic...

      the root of a tree , hot a _sjaab . ' . fall of earth has been turned over , they must pay for liberty to ' support themselves by their own labour to some owner of "Almighty dollars'' at a distance , who has purchased the' fee simple from the State . Driven forth from crowded cities and thickly populated districts , by the exactions of landlordism , they find that it pursues them even into the wilderness , and there asserts its " vested interest ' in their " thews and sinews . ' ' - _. y . ' . _» . ' ' it n ' . ' .

      The Land movement originated by Mr , Evans , the editor of Young America , has , in the course of a few years , attained great influence , and promises we think , ultimately , to extinguish this monster evil . In various States' Legislatures as well as in the Federal Congress , the question has been made a prominent subject of discussion , and some ofthe most eminent public men have unequivocally given

      in their adhesion to the National Reform Party . In a few of these Legislatures , acts have been already passed , embodying the principle ofthe movement as far as " Homestead Ex * emption " from liability to debts is concerned , A . large portion of the American Press supports the movement , which has also earnest , active , and talented advocates in every part of the Union . Under these circumstances it will

      be strange , indeed , if America be not the country first delivered frOr a the bondage of landlordism . At a recent meeting in New York , presided over by Mr . Horace _G-eeelky , the Editor of tho Tribune—the most influential and popular paper in the States—Senator Walker , of Wisconsin , said : — In most other countries , when beneficial reforms are proposed , the first thing is to attack the government ; the limited right of suffrage manacles the power ofthe people . Here the case is different . Here , if we do not carry out reforms , the fault is our own , and not that of our rulers . ' He was proud to believe that our institutions were capable of securing any desirable reform ; if they do not , we must censure ourselves . He was glad to believ * that the people would never hazard those institutions .

      With a people thus situated we learn on the same authority : " Land Reform has become the great reform of the day . People were asking , in every section of the land , the reason of the vast disproportion in the distribution of wealth V They found it in the monopoly of the soil by a privileged class ; and they were determined that this source of social oppression and misery should be closed . Their chance of success may be judged of by the concluding sentence of Mr . Walker's speech : —

      Bach man of you is more powerful than the President himself , armed with your ballot . He rejoiced that this reform had come from the "bone and sinew " ot the land ); he was from that class himself . He was glad to know that these doctrines were now looked upon as something holy ; that they were heard with respect , and even with pleasure , in quarters were they were supposed to be least palatable . While in the old and settled States on the Atlantic side of the Rocky Mountains , this paramount reform is steadily progressing towards fruition through the medium of public agitation , and the influences brought to bear upon public opinion ; it has given use to a hostile encounter and bloodshed in tho New State ,

      which has so suddenly sprung up onthe shores ofthe Pacific . By the last advices / Sacramento City was in flames , and the landlord and free soil party were in arms against each other . That such was the probable conclusion to the quarrel which has been waged by these parties , ever since California was settled by the anglo-Americans , must have struck all who have watched the progress of the dispute . It is only about four years since the American flag was first hoisted in that country . At that time there were some twelve thousand native Californians and white adventurers , with ,

      perhaps , double , or three times that number of roving Indians , in the whole of that magnificent territory ; Since that time , at least two hundred thousand emigrants have poured into it from the Atlantic States . Many of them holding the principles of the National Reform Association , saw in California a clear and unoccupied field for the application of these principles . The money which had conquered thef . country was supplied by the whole

      of . the citizens . Each had paid his quota of taxation for the support of the army by whom it was wrested from Mexico . It belonged , therefore , in the first place , to the people of the United States , and , as yet , had not heen appropriated to , or by a landlord class . They demanded that it never should be , but that here , at least , where there was a " clear stage , " there should " also be no favour , " and that every actual settler should have a homestead and land sufficient for the

      wants of himself and family . Old claims resting upon alleged grants , by former Mexican Governments , have been put forward by vavious parties , to some of tlie richest and most favourably situated localities . Speculators in land sections and building plots , acting upon the assumed legality of these grants , have purchased for " an old song , " large tracts of country , in order to retail them again at an inordinate profit . This nefarious

      conspiracy against the fundamental rights of the community , has been especially resisted at Sacramento City , where , in addition to the opposition upon abstract grounds , there is a legal objection . The grant to Captain Sutter , is shown not to include the tract of country upon which the city is situated . The Land monopolisers relying , however , on the support of the troops , have provoked collision . The first blood has been drawn in a purel y agrarian revolutionary contest , with what

      ultimate issue remains to be seen . Enough has been said , however , to show that the Land Question , both in the new and the old world , is rapidly assuming that magnitude and interest in public opinion which is due to its intrinsic and essential importance . When Mr . O'Connor first urged it upon public attention in his letters from York Castle , few listened to hira , and those who

      did , either derided him as a visionary , or calumniated him as a spoliator . By indomitable energy and perseverance , he succeeded in making it the great question of the day in this country , and went far to secure its practical success upon a large scale . But the cunningly contrived laws enacted by successive parliaments of landlords , threw insurmountable Obstacles in his way . The Society , of which he was less the head than the devoted

      and untiring slave , was refused the protection and the facilities which the law so readily affords to companies trading for individual profit and advantage . The absence of that protection was fatal to the National Land Company , as it has been to many other associations founded for the benefit and emancipation of the industrial classes . It prevented the Directors from compelling the shareholders to pay up the capital requisite to the successful completion of the plan ; while , at the same time , it left them open to be plucked by all the selfish , ignorant , or knavish members of tho Company , and placed its property in such a situation that it might he plundered by whoever had the will to do so .

      Mi * . O'Connor has met the fate of pioneers in great enterprises in all ages he has had to encounter the ingratitude of those whom he laboured to benefit , the obloquy and persecution of the world at large , and the loss of friends and fortune , in the prosecution of measures calculated to improve the condition of his fellow men . But he is not without his reward . In the growing importance of this truly radical question , he may trace tho results of his past efforts ; and now that many pons aud voices are at work in influential quarters where it was formerly unheard of , he may look forward with confidence to the eventual triumph of the cause lie has so earnestly advocated .

      All the great influences of Nature and Society point to the just apportionment and rational cultivation of the soil as the only sound foundation for individual and collective well-being in society . It is only by framing society in accordance with this cardinal truth v * t we can escape from the . com nli _^^ a

      The Land Question. A Lull In The Politic...

      difficulties _thflv necessarily spring from oar present artificial , _commercial , and competitive system . That sy 9 _teiP contains within itself the germs . of its own * destruction . How rapidly it is _approaching : may be heard in the wail of our _manufactured over the short cotton crops of America ; over the rapidly diminishing profitable foreign m arkets , to which they can export their f _abides ; ana over the increasing competition to whjch tney are everywhere exposed . _« The As Mr . Ferrand would say , ' ' _- ¦ e Devil ' s-Dust System is going to the Devil . . .. ... ' . _< _!« . _„»„« •„ : * .. . _» .: _«» A . nm nnr

      M. Lamartine's Last Romance. M. Lamartin...

      M . LAMARTINE'S LAST ROMANCE . M . Lamartine , after , an absence of twenty years , has paid a third visit to England . His first was in 1822 , when the policy ofthe Holy Alliance was avowedly that of the British Government ; when the scandal created by the prosecution of . Queen Caroline was yet fresh , and when the whole nation was in a state of incip ient revolt against a licentious Court" and a despotic administration . M . LAmartine , then a young man , noted accurately the outward symptoms of the political and social diseases that affected England , and

      " prognosticated , as everybody else also did , the approaching decline of that great and mysterious country . " " The Ministry of Mr . Canning , '' he adds , " happily placed me in the wrong , " His next visit was in 1830 , a few months after the Revolution of July , when , according to him , "the political Government of England had become moderate , reasonable , and wise . '' But the misery of the English and Irish proletaires , frightened and brought consternation to the thoughts of observers . * Ireland was dying of inanition , the manufacturing districts having produced more than

      tlie world could consume in fifteen years of peace , left an overflow / of manufactures . The masses were emaciated , vitiated in mind and body , and vitiated by their hatred against the _elaggQg of society who possess wealth . " M . Lamartine draws a fearful picture of the vices and _brutishness of the masses of proletaires , degraded by ignorance and hunger ; their alternate poverty arid debaucheries ; their bedding in cellars and garrets . Social war , -with all its horrors and furies , seemed imminent ; and , again , M . Lamartine foreboded " social war , like everybody else . ' '

      Again he has been disappointed . After the lapse of twenty years , he has revisited this country , but this time the symptoms of social suffering , disorganisation , and approaching warfare , are no longer visible to him . On the contrary , to look at the picture he draws of England in 1850 , it would appear as though it had climbed to the very summit of modern civilisation and prosperity . If not exactly Arcadian or Paradisaical in all its aspects , it is , according * to him , quite so in its results . The marvellous increase of . our metropolis , is

      dwelt upon with enthusiasm by M . LAMARTINE The manner in which ' that huge polypus sends forth its feelers , and seizes upon the forests , fields , hills , and villages , "which surround it in every direction ; the sumptuous buildings , pretty villas , chapels , churches , schools , hospitals , penitentiary prisons , or new models , " which take away from their sinister aspect , " all contribute to throw M . Lamartine into ecstacy . It is not , however , alone in this overflowing of the wealth of London into the adjacent country that he sees the improved condition and brilliant destiny of thiB country . He

      says : The City itself , that furnace at the same time blackened and infect of this human ebullition , has enlarged its issues , widened its streets , ennobled its monuments , extended and straightened its suburb 3 , and made them more healthy . The ignoble lanes , with their suspicious taverns , where the population of drunken sailors , huddled together like savages iii dregs and dust , have been demolished . They have given place to airy streets , where the _passers-bj coming back from the docks , those entrepets of the four continents , circulate with ease in carriages or

      on foot , to spacious and clean houses , ' to modest but decent shops , where the maritime population find , on disembarking , clothes , food , tobacco , beer , and all the objects of exchange necessary for the retail trade of sea ports : these streets are now as well cleaned from filth , drunkenness , and obscenity , as the other streets and suburbs of the City . One can pass through them without pity and without disgust : one feels in them the vigilance of public morality and the presence of a police which , if it cannot destroy vice , can at all events keep it at a distance from the eyes of the passers "by , and render even the cloaci inoffensive .

      The samb magical change presented - itself in the manufacturing districts : — The appearance of the people in the streets is no longer what filled me with consternation twenty years ago . In place of those ragged bands of beggars—men , women , and children—who swarmed in the narrow and gloomy _streets of the manufacturing town , you see well-dressed workmen , with an appearance of strength and health , going to work or returning peaceably from their workshops with their tools on their shoulder , young _pjirls issuing without tumult from the houses where they work , under the superintendence of women older than themselves , or

      of a father or brother , who brings them back to the house ; from time to time you see numerous columns of little children of from five to eight years of age , poorly but decently clad , led by a woman , whe" leaves them at their own doors , after having watched over them all day . They all present the appearance of relative comfort , of the most exquisite cleanliness , and of health . Tou will perceive few , if any , idle groups ori the public way , nnd infinitely fewer drunken men than formerlv ; the streets appear as if purged of vice and _wretchedness , or only eshibit those which always remain on the scum of an immense population .

      Public opinion is in keeping with this high state of material and financial prosperity . In public places , and in private company , M . Lamartine was struck with The extreme mildness of . men ' s minds and hearts with the temperance of ideas , the moderation of what is desired , the prudence ofthe Liberal opposition , the tendency evinced towards a conciliation of all classes , the justice which all classes of the English population render to each other , the readiness of all to _co-ODerate . ennh ni < _nnrilin » t «

      his means and disposition , in advancing the general good —the employment , comfort , instruction , and morality of the peuple—in a word , a mild and serene air is breathed in place of the tempest-blast which then raged in every breast . The equilibriuiri is re-established in the national atmosphere . * One feels and says to oneself— "The people can come to an understanding with itself ; it can live , last , prosper , and improve for a long time in this way . Had 1 mj residence on this soil I should not any longer tremble for my hearth . "

      There is , however , one dark shadow to this brilliant picture : — '''" foor race of men , ' said the pitying spirit , _N early ye pay for your primal fall * , Some flowers of Eden ye still inherit , But the trail of the serpent is over them all . " Even the bright sun of England is not without its specks , and itis , perhaps , well for poor human nature that it is so ; otherwise Buch excess of happiness , prosperity , comfort , and luxury—such a perfect Millenium inthe physical , social , and political -world , might drive us wild with a delirium of joy . M . Lamartine , therefore , begs us to understand that he excepts : — -

      From this very general character of harmony and ve conciliation two classes of men whom nothing ever satis " fies-the demagogues and the extreme aristocrats-tiro tyrannies winch cannot content themselves with anv liberty , because they eternally desireto subjugate the ml pie , the one by the mtolerance ofthe rabble , and the other by the intolerance of the little nnmber . The ne _* ™ rg or the inexorable aristocracy , and of the _ungovSb _e _EK _^ 'Jffl ! _S _^ _JMfet «» _contrasfWeir bitternesswith the general mildness

      , of opinions in Great Britain . But some clubs of Chartists , _reSderVd fanatical by . sophistry , and some clubs of diplomatists , rendered _ffiS ? , _& 5 _hn ' y Serve th 0 _^ " to Bhow ~ Im 2 th _^™ _rt _a _$ _* _« " _¥ m 01 l , and more _Piling in the l ! _tr J he nat , , 0 n * _? he one _« _speeches to the _WK _£ PlaceVvhe re _* he _People are invited to meet , _S _^ _hS v 8 pa _^ y the hne for calumnies and invectives _n _^ _? i _France and the present age . No one listens , and no one reads . The people work on .

      Very natural and very proper , if M . Lamartine ' s facts are facts . Why should a whole nation , basking in the full blaze of material and moral sunshine , trouble their heads with what-a few discontented croakers may say , in the midst of the universal and superabundant happiness ? Everybody knowsthev have not the slightest cause for grumbling . Affairs in commerce , manufactures , industry and trade , in Church aud State , are so well

      ordered and so perfect in all their ramifications , that it is mere perversity of heart and intellect that induces these growlers to find fault . "Nothing , " saysM . hj _££ _™ phaticall y , " ever satisfies them . " TheSfi few paUry clubs of Chartists , who are ren dered fanatical by sophistry , " have not the _shghtest real ground for complaint . Thev S _£ w hl ? ffering fron v int _" _« £ 2 d ce , jbi oh turns every object they look upon uto its own bilious and bitter hue . That l ' l

      M. Lamartine's Last Romance. M. Lamartin...

      But is M , LAmartine a reliabte and _baUb factory authority in the m atter ? He _confuses that he has twice already been mistaken in his prognostications , derived from what he ob served in his previous visits . The confession deserves credit for its candour , but it is not calculated to make us place implicit confidence in his judgment . Time has altered M . Lamartine even more than it has changed England . It has given him a new way of looking at external objects . Had he visited us before the Revolution of 1848 , we doubt whether he would have discerned any essential Unt . _isiVT . T _. _hliDTTMti n . _nl ! _nt . _U o _» J . _ ..

      ' . alteration in English society , or in its _commercial competitive system . It has no doubt _expann ed during the last twenty years . It covers a-larger space , and exhibits a more showy fi '; ont , but it is virtually unchanged in its _charactV ' _* . In its results it is , perhaps , more destrueh ve of the liberty , the permanent social _well-herin _*?» and the comfort of tho masses , than ever . Formerly , M . Lamartine would have looked fc . ' r # the proofs ofthis ; now he resolutely shuts b _* 0 eyes upon them . He sees everything colewr a ! e r ° _se . In the excite

      ment of his enthusiasm i le introduces figures and back-grounds into Ms _lfancy sketch , which have no prototypes in the _rebi nfc y . Poets and novelists have a recognised lice . use , when they are writing poems and novels j £ _" _<& we humbl y submit , that it is not allowable when they profess to observe and record facts . . The " airy streets" inthe vicinity ofthe dock . ' ' — "the spacious and . clean houses , modest bnt decent shops , " where sailors just landed can get everything of the best quality , at an _hornet and fair price , are mere creatures of M .

      Lamartine ' s imagination . "The ignoble lanes , with their suspicious taverns , " have not disappeared—nor , we regret to say , " the population of drunken . sailors , huddled together in dregs and dust . " The well-dressed , stroHg , healthy , and contented workmen , in the manufacturing towns—the numerous columns of little children , presenting "the appearance of the most exquisite cleanliness and health , " defiling in the evening to their own homes , under the tender , enlightend , and careful guidance of the woman who has watched over them all day : —where , in England , did M . Lamartine see them ? A benevolent and

      talented clergyman of the Church of England lately paid his first visit to Manchester and its neighbourhood . On emerging from one of the large factories , in which men , women , and children are cooped up by hundreds—morn , noon , and eve—amid the din and rattle of machinery , and an exhausting , over-heated atmosphere—he wiped the sweat from his brow , and remarked to a friend who accompanied him , that "he did not wonder at the discontentof thesepeople ; he wondered rather at their patience and self-possession . If he and hia children were doomed to such toil , in such places , he could not argue with those who profited by the system . He would strike . "

      Unfortunately for M . Lamartine , the Correspondents ofthe " Morning Chronicle " have recently dug up the rottenness and dead men ' s _boajs , which are masked by thewhited sepulchre of English society their disclosures rival M . Lamartine ' s , as to the state ol affairs in 1822 and 1830 . M . Ledru _Rollin , his late coadjutor in the Provisional Government , may have , perhaps , over-estimated theincidence of their revelations , and in his work on the ' Declining of England"have prophesied

      , , too confidentl y , of its approaching and rapid downfall . But , we would remind the critics who have abused and ridiculed M . Rollin , and laughed at the idea of his being an authority on the subject , that at least , he has indisputable facts as the basis of his reasoning . The rhapsod y of M . Lamartine is as purely fanciful as the gorgeous temples and dazzling landscapes which , at a summer sunset , present themselves to the imaginative watcher of cloud land .

      M . Ledru Rollin may neither have written history nor drawn a correct horoscope . M . Lamartine is still _less _^ to be held up as an authority by the supporters of things as they are . His « < England in 1850 " . is the purest Romance he has yet written , and we trust , that in future editions of his works , his literary executors , mindful of his fame , will place it among those of imagination . It will be a fit sequel to his dream , under the influence of " _HaBkish . "

      Workhouse Industrial Organisation. Indus...

      WORKHOUSE INDUSTRIAL ORGANISATION . Industrial organisation appears to be making some progress , if slow . It has always seemed to us the acme of national folly , to expend millions sterling annually in keeping some hundred thousand able bodied labourers and artisans iu compulsory idleness . That a people who boast so much of practical business habits and common sense as the English , should do this , was all the more extraordinary . Neither can it be said to have been done from

      pure ignorance . Much knowledge of what its professors call the science of Political Economy , had , in fact , driven the nation mad . It was in vain that a few persons who had not lost their wits , pointed out how easy and how profitable it would be , to bring the unemployed land and labour of the country together , and hy a temporary advance of capital , enable the unwilling idlers to support themselves , and ultimately repay the capital advanced . They were ridiculed as " visionaries " and " theorists , " and _advJsod not to talk nonsense about such Utopian projects . To set the able bodied paupers to work , would , itwas . and

      is averred , add to the difficulties and the evils of our present social state , even if it was practicable in itself . If so , it must be a monstrous and devilish social system , which pro Inbits the production of wealth , and saddles a section of society with the burden of maintaining _^ a large proportion of the community in moody , sullen idleness , surrounding them at the same time by influences calculated to engender the darkest and deadliest passions ot revenge , for the hardships and the indignities inflicted upon those whose only crime is povert y . Such a fact is in itself calculated to make all thoughtful men narrowly scrutinise

      the framework of our present institutions . But the Political Economists are omnipotent in and out of Parliament . For fear that any stray Board of Guardians should possess a sufficient glimmering of reason to make a trial ofthe self-supporting system , they deliberately enacted that no workhouse should be in possession of more than fifty acres of land . The Poor Law Board has systematically _discour- _^ aged every project that appeared to have a tendency to make able bodied paupers _producer i _^ _f _« Was uot withoiit difficulty that the bheflield Guardians , . ' two or three years since , commenced a small experiment of that kind on the heathy moorlands , in the vicinity of that town . Limited by the law to fifty acres ,

      tney leased that quantity of wasteland , and set a tew of their able-bodied labourers to work "P ° " - - l \ 'S now so far reclaimed and fertilized that they intend to dispose of it at a _mu _Pr Porti < _- _* ned to its improved value . Ihey will then bring in another fifty acres to be m , and disposed of in the same manner . -the material benefit conferred by these additions to the cultivatable soil of England , is the smallest advantage derived from this process . Even the saving to the ratepayers is a secondary consideration , compared with the moral influence which it has upon those who are thrown upon parish relief . They labour cheerfull y ; in fact thero is a competition among them to be sent to the farm , and tbey

      are elevated in their own mind and character , by the noble sense of independence which such an occupation naturally produces . At tho same time , the system is found to be the very best test of assumed poverty , and to deter from seeking parish , relief all who are unwilling to eavu _tkdtlaeatLfcy tho sweat oftheir _brotft

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 12, 1850, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_12101850/page/4/