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Northern Star (1837-1852), 12th May 1849, Edition 3 of 3, Page 2, dFoveign intelligence.

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      The The Diet 'Debreczihe Dom Of • - . V ...

      • - _. V _' - ¦ - ' - - _VN , v V > \ ¦ ' ' a -n _MAt 12 , 1849 .

      Dfoveign Intelligence.

      dFoveign intelligence .

      France. Paris, Satuhd Ay.—The Fet E Of Y...

      FRANCE . Paris , Satuhd ay . —The fet e of yesterday , looked upon as an anniversary , is treated differently by the journals ; hut all are agreed as to the beauty of tbe Show and the quiet which reigned everywhere .

      rr . OGRESS op socialism in the army . The Reforme states that a serious mutiny occurred on Friday evening , after roll call , amongst the privates of the 7 th Regiment of Light Infantry , in cons ° quence of the imprisonment of Sergeant-Major B richat _, who has been adopted by the Socialists as candidate for the department of the Seine . On Saturday morning the soldiers again refused obedience , notwithstanding the colonel addressed them in strong terms on thc impropriety of their conduct Thev even refused lo supply a guard ol _honsurto the President of the Republic until several of their comrades who had been imprisoned "Were restored to liberty . - _ v : „ t _. The 7 th Regiment of Lig ht Infantry to which Serjeani ! _Bofcbat _belongs _. has been sent out of Paris . FDRTHER PARTICULARS .

      _Aserions riot took place on Friday in the barracks of the 7 th Lig ht Infantry stationed at the Hotel df s Invalides . In the course of tbe mottling Sergeant _Baichat of that corps had been arrested , and cast into prison . In the evening , at the rappel , a great number of soldiers while in the ranks demanded why their comrade bad been arrested . They were answered that it was because he had accepted a requisition sent to him by the Socialists to become a candidate far tbe representation ofthe Seine . There was an immediate cry of -You must let him out . ' The soldiers immediately left their ranks , and the whole of the 1 st battalion , with the subaltern officers at their head , having strippeH off their coals , went towards the _prson . Having got possession of some pickaxes , spades , & c , on their arriva l , finding

      that they were to he resisted , they endeavoured to break open the door , hut failing , they broke a hole through tbe wall . All ibis time the excitement was very great . Thev called Vive la Republique , a bas _Jestyrans . ' Sergeant Boicbat refused to leave his prison . He thanked his comrades for what they had done , but told them that the whole was a plan laid to get rid of the regiment , and he requested them to retire . They refused , and dragged Boicbat out of the prison , bnt as soon as he could escape from Ihem he returned into it . At this moment the colonel and officers ofthe regiment arrived , and there was an immediate cry of ' "We must have Boicbat set free . ' The colonel said that he was arrested by order of General Chan _^ arnier , but that he would intercede in his favour , on which there was an

      immediate cry of ' A bas Changarmer ; he must be set at liberty at once . ' The guard was then called out , but refused to act . The officers-were attacked , the major had his coat torn from bis back , a lieutenant was deprived of his epaulettes , and after a great tumult the major was at length made a prisoner in the barracks . The colonel gravely remonstrated with the men , and begged of them to retire to their barracks , bat the ; refused to do so till Boicbat had been set at liberty . It was eleven o ' clock at night before tranquillity was re-established . The following morningseveral of the men were arrested , when the rest of the regiment refused to mount guard , upon which the prisoners were set at liberty . They , however , allowed Boichat to be incarcerated once more . It

      is supposed that the regiment will be sent ont of Pari < _i . Sergeant-Major Boicbat has been transferred to the fortress of Vincennes . Dissolution of thb National Guard of Dijon . —The i Moniteur' contains the following announcement : — 'The anniversary of the proclamation of the Republic by the National Assembly was disturbed at Dijon by n riot of the most serious hind—a riot amongst an armed force . After the review , a great number of National Guards pro * ceeded . to the Hotel de Yille to release some artillerymen of the National Guard who had been arrested . A small body of troops of the Line , attacked by the National Guards with the bayonet , courageously

      defended the post and retained their prisoners ; the gendarmerie , overpowered and ill-treated by superior numbers , were obliged to surrender theirs . The _government has decided that so serious a violation of military discipline , of authority , and of the law , demand's a repression . The prisoners rescued have been recaptured , and warrants have been issued against tbe men who converted their uniform into an insurrectionary fag . The matter has been referred to the Court of Appeal . But before any judicial punishment can take place the government owes to tbe public an example . Tbe President of the Republic , on the report of the Minister of the Interior , has this day pronounced the dissolution of the National Guard of Dijon . ' .

      The Invasion of Italy . —The second portion ofthe French expedition to Civita Vecchia left Toulon and Marseilles on the 1 st inst _.

      important debate in the assembly on the expedition to rome . — defeat of the government !!! On Monday tbe following important discussion took place in the National Assertory . The President : The tribune is to M . J . Favre for interpellations respecting the affairs of Italy . ( Marks of attention . ) M . J . Favre expressed his surprise that the _government had not come forward and stated what it knew of the affairs of the French troops in Italy . That not having been done , he bad considered it his du ' y to bring forward the matter himself . He had , however , previously spoken to the Minister of

      Foreign Affairs on the subject , and had learned from him that the intelligence which the government had received was not sufficiently precise to allow him to come forward and speak to the Assembly on the subject . Bnt the question ap . peared to him ( M . J . Favre ) too important to admit of delay ; he , therefore , now had to address tbe Assembly on the point . The honourable gentleman then referred to the circumstances connected with the passing of the bill of April 17 th , authorising the expedition to Civita Vecchia , and referred to the declarations of the Minister of Foreign Affairs and of the President ofthe Council , that that expedition proceeded to Italy , for the purpose ef securing

      the liberty of Italy , and that _jts great object was to prevent Austria from interfering alone in the affairs of the Pope . The honourable gentleman then gave a sketch of the proceedings attendant on the landing of the French troops at Civita Vecchia , and argued that the conduct of tbe General-in-Chief was anything bnt that of tbe leader of a friendly " force . The Prefect of Civita Vecchia had been suspended , and in a proclamation ¦ which was issued the next day , it was stated , that bad not the French troops been amicably received , an entrance would have been made good by force . ( Marks of dissent from various parts ofthe chamber . ) The honourable gentleman then _ajlnded to the resistance manifested at Rome , and declared that the _-responsibility of the blood of the unfortunate solfliers of France who had fallen , must fall on the

      Ministers who had directed the French troops to march to Rome . ( Tremendous cheering on the _x < eft here burst forth . ) The Minister of Foreign _AuHirs , when _interrogated two days back' by the Committee of Foreign Affairs , had declared that ihe French troops had been called on to advance to Rome by tbe population . Far from that , however , it appeared now beyord any doubt that the French corps , far from being received with a friendly feeling , , had found barricades drawn up in their way , and had been obliged to retreat , and remain at some distance from the point at which they had at first arrived . Yet , notwithstanding this sad _' eatastrophe _, the government , the evening before , in the * Patrie / which was the organ of its communications—( kuigbter)—and in tbe' Moniteur' of that morning , had spoken of the matter as to a certain extent

      unimportant . He , however , thought it exceedingly graye _, as . here was a body of French troops looked on in Italy as intruder * , as foreigners—for certainly the French were so to the Italians—nay , as robbers who entered the country without leave , and contrary to the wish of the people . The hon ; gentleman then proceeded fo read from the * Moniteur ' passages from the speeches " of M . Drouyn de Lhuys and M . O . Barrot . with a view to show that the present . conduct of the French troops in Italy was altogether at variance with the language then used . If themim ' siry had then entertained anv concealed thought , he , for _fais part , must denounce such

      conduet as shameful , and highly disrespectful to the _Aasembly . ( Hear , hear . ) At all events this was certain , that the position ofthe expeditionary corps r _^!^ ' - ' f _* M . * nd whether it had arisen from / eh- ™ " T _% _* _Z ? to Wm ¦ _to _ge-her indifferent . _SSSJV _^ _YP character of the French S _^! _K _^ Bdeb . t 8 ed _' and iU _calours auUied by _fhecheck thus given to the corps under General _Oodinot . New remforcemenU were , it appeared , to be sent out ; bat be ahould certainly _refuse , in the awtpotiuw manner , to extend his confidence to _Sf . _Sw _£ ' m J "" tc _* . " _*»* now contem-£ _<& gv _** t he * r _' H _« _toted that the _As-ranby would insist on having a committee ap-

      Pointed Seance Tenante To Examine The In...

      pointed seance tenante to examine the instructions sent to the General-in-Chief of the French troops at Rome , and to send in a report at once . ( Loud cheers on the Left . ) He repeated it , the position ol the French troops was most critical . He bad before him a private letter , and an article which would be published next day in a public journal , declaring that five assaults baa been given by the French troops at the barricades , though without success _; bat 150 men had been killed , and 600 wounded . of the ast act

      ( Movement . ) Such was the bulletin of the _expeditionary column to Rome . If the _Assemblv under such circumstances , did not protest , by a solemn vote / against tbe conduct ofthe government , the influence of France would he lost in Europe , and the expeditions of the Monarchy to support the cause of liberty would be found infinitely more worthv of praise than those or the Republic . The honourable gentleman then alluded to the fact of France having formerly sent troops to America to free that country from , he said , English tyranny , and concluded by calling on the Ministry to come forward and _declare what course it now intended to

      pursue , under the sad circumstances which he had spoken of . ( Loud cheers on the Left . ) M . 0 . Barrot , the President of the Council , thought that before any representative came forward to bring serious charges against a ministry , he ought to examine carefully whether his facts were true . What had been the wishes of the Assembly when the question of the Roman Republic had been discussed ? Was it that the French Republic ought to admit a conjoint responsibility with the Republic of Rome ? No ; on the contrary , its vote went the other way . It had decided that France should abstain from all

      active interference in the affairs of the Roman Republic . No doubt M . Ledru Rollin had advocated another line of conduct—had thought that the Republic ought to aidranother , as being the only means of defending liberty throughout the trorld . The government refused to adopt any such line of conduct , and the Assembly approved of what it bad decided on . Why then did France interfere in the affairs of Italy , and send a division to Civita Vecchia ? Because she could not allow another great power of Europe to interfere alone in the affairs of Rome . He could declare that the government bad not received other intelligence than what had been published , the telegraphic despatch having been stopped short by the darkness .

      General de Lamoricibrb said , that certainly the affair was grave . It had been decided in the committee of foreign affairs , that a position should be taken up at Civita Vecchia , even by force . It bad also been decided , that if Austria marched on Rome , or if the Roman population required the advance of the French troops , an advance should be made on that city . M . Flocon read some letters , which , he said , bad been received from Toulon , giving accounts of the affair at Rome . They gave the details such aB M . Favre had spoken of . One of them , after speaking of a great loss sustained by the French troops , declare that the French inhabitants at Rome would fight against the new comers ; also , that now the barricades were erected , the " declaration that the French Republic would respect all nationalities should be adhered to . -

      M . DuourNDKLHDVS , the Minuter of Foreign Affairs , said that M . J . Favre wished to bring forward a ' sort of law against suspected persons , and to punish on mere surmise . For his part , he could say that the General had acted with the utmost loyalty , and he was quite ready to appear before any committee and explain bis conduct , and state what instructions were given to General Oudinot . M . J . Favre supported his proposition for the appointment of a committee . ' M . 0 . Barrot agreed to the committee . It was then decided that the representatives should at once withdraw to the bureaux , and appoint the committee as proposed . At nine o clock in the evening the Assembly again met when

      M . Sexard read the report , which , after some preliminaries , states that ihe majority of the committee consider that the direction given to the expedition . is not conformable to the idea in which it was conceived and accepted . The instructions given to the General commanding the expedition appear to us to be different from the declarations made in the Tribune by the government . The General appears , also , to have gone beyond his instructions , since he has attacked the Roman Republic . In consequence , the committee proposes the following resolution : — ' The National Assembly invites the government to take withont delay tbe measures necessary that the expedition to Italy shall not be any longer turned aside from the object for which it was designed . '

      This motion was strongly opposed by M . Drouyn de Lhuys , in the name of the government , but after several amendments had been rejected , it was carried by 328 to 241 « majority against ministers ) 87 . The result was received with loud cries of 'Vive la Republique * from the Opposition . On Monday evening M . Considerant presented to M , Marrasta project of impeachment of the President of the Republic and the ministry , signed by sixty members of the Assembly . Before M . Considerant could make his proposal , however , M _. Marrast declared the sitting closed . The following appears in the ' National ' : — ' THE ENVOY OF ROME , IN THE NAME OF _THg ROMAN PEOPLE , TO HIS BROTHERS OF FRANCE . '

      ' A sanguinary combat has taken place between the inhabitants ef Rome and the children of France , whom rigorous orders urged against our homes . The sentiment of military honour commanded them to obey their chiefs ; the sentiment of patriotism ordered us to defend our liberties and our country . Honour is saved , but at what a price I May the terrible responsibility be averted from us , who are united by the bonds of charity . May even the culpable be pardoned—they are sufficiently punished by remorse . ' Health and fraternity . ' L . FrapoiaI , Colonel , 1 Envoy Extraordinary of the Roman Republic ' at . Paris . '

      ITALY . THE FRENCH INVASION . Accounts horn Genoa oil the 1 st inst ., confirm the account of the march of General Oudinot from that place for Rome . He left on tbe morning of the 28 th . Before marching , General Oudinot issued another proclamation . He had disarmed a portion of the Pontifical Municipal Guards , suspended the liberty of the press , and adopted other measures , against which tbe governor of Civita Vecchia protested . It was said that the Romans were determined to resist a Voutranee , and that the government expresses its determination to blow up the Vatican and St . Feter _' s rather than yield the city to the French .

      The Roman government bad impeached the governor and commandant of Civita Vecchia , for not resisting the landing of tbe French expedition . Le : ters from Rome of the 25 th ult . state that the constituent Assembly had declared itself permanent , and decreed that every deputy who should abandon his post In the present critical clrcutnstauces should be considered a traitor to his country . The Assembly afterwards voted the following protest , which was instantly forwarded to General Oudinot : — ¦ ROMAN REPUBLIC

      'Citizens , —The Roman Assembly , unmoved by the menace of invading the territory of the Republic , and conscious that that invasion—not provoked by the conduct of the Republic abroad , nor preceded by any communication on the part of the French government , the exciter of anarchy in a country which , tranquil and orderly , reposed in the consciousness of its own rights and the harmony of its citizens —• violates at once tbe right of nations , the obligations assumed by tbe French people in its constitution , and the ties of fraternity which ought naturally to conjoin the two Republics , protests , in the name of God and the people , against the attempted invasion , declares its firm purpose of resisting , and renders Franceresponsible for the consequences . 'Rome , April 25 th , 1849 .

      'Done in public sitting at I a . m ., - * The President of the Assembly , * L Salicktti ... ' * ¦ The Secretaries , Fabbetti , . Cocchi , Pennachi . ' The following manifesto was published on the same day by the Triumvirs : — Romans J * -A foreign intervention menaces the territory of the Republic . A corps of French soldiers has presented itself at Civita Vecchia . Whatever their intentions may be , the salvation of the principle freely adopted by the people , the right of nations , the honour of the Roman name , commands the Republic to resist ; and the Republic will resist .

      'It is important that the people should prove to France and the world , that they are a people not of boys but of men , and of men who have dictated laws and given _civilisationtd Europe . It is important that no one s hould be able to say , * The Romans _wuned _. butknewntithowto be free / It is important that the 2 ieach nation should learn , ifrbm our

      Pointed Seance Tenante To Examine The In...

      resistance , our declarations , our attitude , our prayers , our irrevocable decision to be no longer subject to the abhorred government which we overthrew . Let the people look to these thing ? . The people will he dishonoured and lhe country betrayed if a contrary course is taken . The Assembly is sitting in permanence ; the Triumvirate will fulfil , whatever may befall , its own mandates—order , solemn calm , concentrated energy . The government will watch inexorably every attempt that may be . nude , to plunger the country into anarchy , or to \ stir ' up troubles to the injury of the Republic . Citizens , organise yourselves , and group yourselves anew around us . . God and the people , the laws and our strength , will triumph .

      'Given from the residence of the Triumvirate , April 25 th , 1849 . 'The _Triumvirs--Giusnrrii ! Mazzim , CAHX 0 Arnelline , Atjbemo Saffi . ' Preparations for the Defence of Rome . — The -Corriere Mercantile' of Genoa of the 30 . hult . contains details from Rome up to the 26 th : —• The Assembly has decreed unanimously that it will oppose force to the French invasion . Rome is in a state of exultation . All are ready , to defend the Republic . The lower _classes already begin to cry , ' Death to the French 1 ' ' The Roman Republic for ever ! ' The rumour has moreover gained ground that the French have brought over the cholera .

      The hall of the'Assembly was yesterday crowded to excess ; an unanimous cry ef approbation was raised when the decree in favour of resistance was read . A decree ' of the ' triumvirate directs that nil the horses of Rome and the environs be put in requisition for the use of the government ; in short , the most active preparations are being made to offer a most determined resistance . Itis believed , however , that the French Republicans . will not proceed to extremities , nor bombard Republican Rome . The bakers sell . no more bread , as everybody is making great provision of victuals . The barricades have already been begun outside the Civita Vecchia gate , and at this moment the Ponte Mollea bridge

      , outside the Porta del Popolo is being mined . All promise to resist , all are taking to arms ; _tke'Corso is frightfully crowded . Cicervacchio declares ' that all Trastevere is ready to repel the French . To . morrow we shall see the result . . Meantime a cart load of swords / which were leaving the town , has heen stopped . To-morrow , probably , the post will not leave , so . have no _anxiety about . us ,-for it will be a sign that we have gained the day . Up to this hoar ( six p . m . ) nothing new . This evening we expect Garibaldi from Terracina . The French have

      disarmed the battalion Melara that had been sent from here to repel them ; they have also disarmed the garrison Of Civita Vecchia . The 1 , 000 Lombards , under the command of Arduino , have been detained in the , port of . Civita Vecchia , and prevented from landing , by the French Republicans . AU this intelligence is official . The most , imposing measures have . been taken te prevent a reactionary movement here ; but , he assured , it will not be even attempted . , . IC . i ' ' 1 ' - -A ' . ' . . _l-Jl I * . ! - It ... 1 courierhas arrived with the

      Seven p . m . —A . just . intelligence that the French have allowed the column Manara , composed of 1 , 100 Lombards , to land . The Minister of Foreign Affairs ( Rusconi ) is expected to return every moment . Meantimej all is preparing for defence , and troops are setting out for Ancona . The barricades are making great progress . The immediate destruction of the viaduct leading from the Vatican to Caste ! St . Angelo has been decreed , in order to obtain materials to ; strengthen the barricades and other works of defence . Rusconi has arrived in the greatest haste , ' ( From the _« D aily News . ' )

      Rome , April 29 . —The enthusiasm of the citizens and-troops , instead of flagging , is every hour rising with energy . The National Guard was passed in reyitw before the Assembly and the triumviis this morning , and all swore to defend Rome to the last drop of their blood . The lower orders are in a perfeet state of frenzy , and brandish pitchforks , knives , and every imaginable implement , crying out for the infamous French invaders to come in if they dare . The Princess _Trivulzio de Belgioioso is at the head of

      a committee of noble ladies who are busy preparing bandages for the wounded and wadding for the cannon . All the bridges ofthe city , from Ponte Molle to Ponte Sisto and St . Bartolomeo _, are undermined , ready to be blown up . The Tiber is now swollen _, the artillery staff are erecting batteries , and the en . gineers redoubts , ' at which the people work with zeal and alacrity . AH the paviug stones of the town are in heaps , and are being carried to the tops' of the houses . '" .. " .

      The French were last night at Paolo , twenty-five miles off , but now ( at nine o ' clock p . m . ) they are reported a few miles off . Oudinot has received a deputation , and hesitates to advance . He is said to have asked for an armistice of nine days , no doubt to allow the second division of his men to come from Toulon . This won ' t do now ; he is come too far to get back with honour , and a horrid butchery must ensue . In the sitting of the Assembly at Rome on the 27 ih , Manitecclu , minister of public works , gave au account of his journey to Civita Vecchia , and ; confirmed the report made by Rusconi . . The Assembly then declared that it persisted ; in the first decision , that is , to oppose the French . , / -.

      A proclamation was accordingly put forth to , the Roman troops , stating therein that the French had violated a free territory , but that they should not conquer the Roman people . By a decree of the _triumvirate of Rome , also of the 27 th ult ., all members of religious orders are free to abandon them ; and those among them who wish to join the army and defend their country will be received with gratitude . The French Repulsed !—The Paris *

      Moniteur _. _' of Sunday evening , published tbe following . — 'According to telegraphic ; despatches which have reached the government , General Oudinot had set out on his march for Rome , where , according to every information , he was called . by the wishes of the people . But having met on the part of foreigners who . occupy Rome more serious resistance than he expected , he took up his position at some distance from . the . city , to wait , the arrival ol reinforcements . '

      IMPORTANT ! THE FRENCH DEFEATED WITH GREAT LOSS . Later news confirms the above report of the repulse of the French with a lost of 180 men killed and 400 wounded . The ' _Sentinelle' of . Toolon says : — « We have received news from Rome by the Veloce , which left Civita Vecchia on the 1 st . The army set out on its march on the 28 th ult ., and in spite of the obstacles which it met with on its way , arrived on the 30 th under the . walls of Rome . The general-inchief sent forward Captain Oudinot with a flag o ! truce , but he was seized and detained . Our soldiers then advanced , and were received with firing from some houses in which a number of Lombards and

      other I talians had _, entrenched themselves . Our troops returned the fire- , but from the moment that a resistance appeared determined on , tbe _general-irichief withdrew his troops towards Castelgindo , four leagues from Rome . ' The same journal , in o subsequent paragraph , has tbe following — By the frigate Orenoque , which has arrived this evening ( Thursday ) from Civita Vecchia , which she quitted on the 2 nd at noon , we have received new details respecting the situation of ourexpedition . ' . it appears that our troops , in greater numbersmade a

      , second attempt to penetrate into Rome , . arid that they experienced a . _shar ' p [ resistance . Acompany of the tirailleurs of Vincennes , having advanced toe far ma street , an attempt was made to extricate it , but this was not without loss . A company of v ' _oltigeurs ofthe 20 th was entirely destroyed by a well-supported fire from the windows . We have also to deplore the death of a captain of artillery , the _aide-de camp of General Oudinot . . , We reckon 180 killed and 400 wounded . Our army has retired to St . Paolo , a league and a half from Rome . '

      It appears that , besides the expedition to Civita Vecchia , the French Government _has _. seht an expedition to Ancona , which will probabl y be also occupied under some pretext or other . ' INVASION OF . THE ROMAN STATES BV the

      AUSTRIANS AND NEAPOLITANS . Tuanr , May 3 .-On the 1 st 6 , 000 men left Milan , going towards Ferrara . It is said that they are to enter Bologna . Other troops have left for Tuscany . The garrison of Milan is reduced to o _. _OOOmen . May 4 . —The Minister of France to the Minister of . Foreign affairs :- ' Radetsky has left Milan for Malghera . He . has given orders for the entry into the _^ _Romagna and Tuscany of 27 , 000 men , who are on their march . Three battalions have been sent frqm . _Trieste to occupy Ancona . ' Gabta , April 30 .-The King of Naples yesterday f _^ - _^ Swt _* . of the . Churcb , atthe head of _a . uuu men . _--T '¦

      _LOMBARDY-Mon * _. _AtiaTnu _H _Atrocities . -The following appear . » the 'National , ' which prefaces the paragrapfa . by saying , « This is an exact copy of a decree published at Treviso' _^ . The mili-

      Tary Council Of War Hasjust Condemned An...

      tary council of war hasjust condemned and found SuVof enrolling soldiers for the foreigner-Is , Ee _^ _Tasso , a | ed forty , advocate , living at Bel-? S-to be hung . this . punishment was commuted § JU _* - _br shooting ; which sentence was carried into execution . 2 ndly . Pierre Pante , aged sixty , _SeSS- tor , to tenyears' : hard labour m heavy _cSnsj Dominique _Fornezzi , to nve years of the game _punishraeSt in lig ht chains ; Angehco S _. gnorini of PortOgruaro , to the same . Have also been S _. _tySr of cour t-martial ; Monsignore : Trieste , canon of Asolo , and one monk . By Imperial order , A _So _^ -AtTurin : on _' the 3 rd inst ., General Ramorino was _tenteaced _toJeath . . .

      , , Genoa papers , Of the 3 d , State that 7 , 000 Austrian infantry and 800 cavalry , commanded by General d'Aspre , have left Massa for Leghorn . At Florence it was said that Count _Sematbri was to be Provisional Regent of Tuscany , with a ministry composed of the friends of the Grand Duke . A new Provisional Government has been appointed at Leg horn . , n . ' SICILY . —A telegraphic despatch from Palermo , dated the 26 th , ult . _confirras : the unconditional submission of that city and of the whole of Sicily . GeneralFilang ' eri entered on the 29 th .

      GERMANY . IMPORTANT PROCEEDINGS IN THE FRANKFORT

      NATIONAL ASSEMBLY . The above Assembly met again on the 4 th inst ., in order to receive the report ef the Committee of Thirty respecting the necessary measure for enforcing the . constitution . The house was crowded in all parts , and several members of the late Second Chamber in Prussia were present . The Committee proposed the following resolutions . •• _i-1 That Assembly resolves : — : * 1 st . To invite the governments , the legislative assemblies , the communes of the various states , and the entire German nation ; to acknowledge and enforce the constitution of the German empire , as voted on the 28 th of March , 1849 . '

      ' 2 nd . That the 15 th ot August , 1849 , be fixed as the day on which the first diet shall assemble in _Fraiikfort-on-tbe-Maine , by virtue of the constitution . ' ¦ ¦' ' ¦ * ¦' -: '' ¦ 3 rd . That the 15 th of July , 1849 , be the _daylfoithe electionsfor the People ' s House . ' , . '¦¦ 4 th . That , apart from Austria , the _aon-admission of which was at the time regulated hy the 87 th section ofthe constitution—in case any state should

      not be represented in the . diet , and , on . that account , any provision of the constitution for all Germany should hot appear practicable , such provision shall be provisionally altered in the way prescribed by the constitution until the time in which the said constitution shall be in full force ; the 196 th section ( No . 1 ) , which prescribes that two-thirds of the _mernbers be present ( to form a house ) will be carried out with reference ! only to . those states which have made the elections . '

      ' 5 th . That should Prussia , above all , not be . represented in the diet , and should not , therefore , have acknowledged expressly or _defssto the constitution , that the head of that state ' which , compared with the others represented iii the-House of States , possesses the greatest number of inhabitants , will be invested , under the title of _stadt holder of the empire , with the rights and duties of the supreme head of Germany . ' - >¦ ' 6 th . That so soon , however , as the constitution be acknowledged by Prussia ; the dignity of supreme head of Germany becomes , ipso facto , transferred by the virtue of the 68 th and following sections of the constitution , to the King of Prussia reigning at the . time of the recognition of the constitution . ' -

      ' 7 th . That the supreme head of tbe empire shall lake the oath to observe the constitution , and shall then open the diet , after which the National Assembly is dissolved . ' Before the debate commenced , the President read a note addressed to him by the Baron Von Gagern , the head , pro tern ., of the central cabinet . That note was to the effect that the central ministry , by virtue of the law of June 28 , 1848 , respecting the formation of a central power ( a law declaring that power

      the executive in all cases where the general interests and security of Germany were concerned ) , do not acknowledge the right of any . single state to take general measures for the maintenance of the tranquillity and peace ofthe empire—a right claimed by the . Prussian government in that part of a _reeent circular note in which they express their determination to put down revolutionary movements on all sides , and to lend their aid to the governments in which those movements occur .

      The reading of this important document ( particularly the passage in which the right claimed by Prussia is not acknowledged ) called forth long-continued cheering . A violent sitting followed . Mohl proposed a direct appeal to the people , and the formation of an Imperial army to overthrow all treacherous thrones with : their arms . He made use of violent language against the King of Prussia , amidst the greatest noise and contusion , _Beseler spoke in favour of the propositions ofthe majority , ' as given above . Vogt marie a violent speech ; and advocated an immediate declaration of war against Russia , which , with the connivance of Prussia , ' ; was coming to put down liberty ., Various other orators addressed the Assembly in similar language . Ultimately the propositions of the majority of the committee were adopted .

      INSURRECTION IN SAXONY . The rumours of an outbreak at Dresden , and of a sanguinary collision between the troops and the people ( the latter , of course , aided by the National Guard ) , are confirmed by the arrival of despatches , and by travellers from Dresden . The people hearing that the King had refused to accept the German Constitution , attacked the arsenal ; the troops were called out , and fired ; the Communal Guard , in lieu of assisting the military , hesitated — were ; either purposely or accidentally , fired upon by tbe latterand then joined the populace ; barricades were thrown up ; and the . King , arrested for a while , quitted Dresden , and retired to Konigstein .

      When the train left , tbe struggle was not entirely terminated , or , at all events , the . question was not decided whether there should be a ; Provisional government proclaimed . by the people , or . whether M . Carlowitz , who left Berlin for Dresden , would be permitted to form a Ministry in the King ' s name . The accounts state that thirty-four of the people _werel killed , and a proportionate number wounded- The' troops in Leipsig were ordered to Dresden , but the populace tore up the rails to prevent their departure .

      Later accounts from Dresden are contradictory . According to some accounts the insurrection is at an end . On the other side we have the following : — A considerable number of troops of the line , including 100 artillerymen , had passed over to the insurgents in the former city , and acknowledged the Provisional Government . ' On the 6 th inst ., the Leipsic board of aldermen resolved to give free railway tickets to all persons desirouB of joining in the insurrection in Dresden . Numbers proceeded thither . On the 6 ame day an immense crowd proceeded to the Towa Hall , and proclaimed the Republic . ' FURTHER PARTICULARS—THE ' REPUBLIC '

      DEMANDED ! ; The Berlin correspondent of the * Morning Chronicle' writes as follows : — 'Leipsig , where the fair is now being held , is in the greatest state of excitement * but , beyond taking up ths rails to prevent the troops from proceeding to Dresden , there have been no act 8 pf violence . The flame of insurrection appears to be spreading . At Brunswick the . populace , or rather the People's Association , have formed a permanent committee , which is to sit day and night ,

      three to form a quorum , relieving each other every two hours . The government has been compelled to give eight pieces of cannon to the Burgher Guard , and to deliver up all arms in its possession for the purpose of arming 4 he people in general . Crowds throng the streets ; open air meetings are held : by way of proving their consistency , and the sincerity with which they adhere to the constitution that they have compelled the Government to accept ,. these crowdgfill the air with shouts of 'the Republic for ever . " ¦ ,-,.. i- . 1 ,

      ENTRY OF THE PRUSSIANS INTO SAXONY . The correspondent of the ' Time * ' writes from Berlin , ; May 5 th : —By the latest train from Dresden intelligence is brought of the arrival of the first detachment of Prussian _troopsin that city , thus proving the rumour of the taking tip the rails oh the fron tier to be unfounded . The . Saxon troops acted with _tbegreatesibravery throughouttheconflicfc , and the efforts ; of the Provisional Government , or rather Committee of Public Safety , organised with such precipitation , did not fhake their fidelity . At the departure of the train the above self-constituted body had expressed a _readihes _B to capituhte on behalf ofthe citizens in the Alstadt , and there was every prospect of order being restored . Excited State op Hanover . —The Polytechnic

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      School has been closed by government until the Uth inst ., and tlie _^ corps _^ _students'disarmed . The police have forbidden the ' procession en masse to the palace or . the 7 th , for the -purpose of demanding . 'ftlie !? _* d' 6 rnissal of ministers . ; . The troops are wavering ' - between the : king , and National Assembly . . Prussian Hroops are _expected in the capital , and , _Ibri the whole , affairs are _ajarming in Hanover .

      THE WAR . IN HUNGARY . INTERESTING LETTER FROM GENERAL BEM . _Mrv Colquhoun , ; her Majesty's Consul-General in Wallaehia , presents his compliments to Lord Dudley Stuart ,. ' .. andS begs : to forward a letter which he received yesterday from Transylvania , whither Mrr Colquhoun had occasion to send a confidential person to reclaim Lady Horatia Weston , who had been shut up-it * the fortress of Karlsbourg for some months . Lady Horatia reached Bucharest in safety yesterday , having met with every attention from General Bern , who requested Mr . Colquhoun ' s messenger , to forward tbe enclosed letter for Lord Dudley Stuart , which Mr . Colquhoun has now the honourof doing . —Bucharest , 16 th April , 1849 .

      TO LORD DUDLEY COUTIS STUART , M . P . My Lord , —Many events have taken place since f quitted London . After , a stay of two months in Paris , where I knocked at every door of the government , and was answered only by vague observations , [ returned to Galicia , my native country , to see into its present state . ' There I perceived that the clemency of tbe Austrian government was but feigned , and that it awaited only a favourable opportunity to . crush again the new-born liberty and nationality of Poland . \

      To come to a thorough knowledge of the state of things , and with a view to serve ray country , I repaired to Vienna , where I arrived a few days afterthe revolution , and after the departure of the emperor , its result . Invited by the national guard of Vienna , ! accepted the command ¦* of that corps , which unfortunately never exceeded in number lO _. OOOmen . , However , the chances seemed to be in our favour , the Hungarians had beaten and put to flight the Austrian troops , who sought for safety under the walls of Vienna . .

      If the Hungarian army had then pursued them we should have ' completely destroyed them , and might have then fallen upon the troops under Windischgratz , and beaten them also ; in which case it would have been easy for us to have brought back the emperor from Olmutz to Vienna . The . matter would then have been : settled , and the constitutional regime established . But the Hungarian army was commanded by ' men : devoted to the Austrian camarilla ., The march of the army was retarded under various pretext ' s , and thus lime was given to

      the Austrian forces to concentrate about Vienna , and to crush it before the' attack' had been made . It was only the day when Vienna , weakly defended by the national guards , fell under the murderous fire of the Austrian troops ; that the Hungarian army advanced to _Sch-jvehat , four leagues from Vienna . The . Austrians were enabled to bring up all their forces to repulse the Hungarians , who having become at length aware of ; the treachery of their generals and superior officers , drove them away , and arrived , headed , alone by young officers , promoted to command on tbe spur of the occasion .

      Repulsed by the enemy , the Hungarian army recrossed the frontier , and took up . a position at Presburg . I was fortunate in being able to quit Vienna , and « o arrive in disguise at Presburg . Having offered my services to the Hungarian government , the honour was conferred on me of commanding the array which was to cohqaer Transylvania . Between 18 , 000 and 20 , 000 Austrian troops , with their generals , which the camarilla had employed t 6 kindle and keep alive a civil war , performed their task

      throughout that country , called to their aid the Russians ( ten thousand of whom came from Wallaehia ) , and occupied the frontier towns of Hennanstadt and Kronstadt . This armed intervention of a foreign power checked for a moment my progress . However this state of things did not last long , and I was for-, tnnate enough to beat both , fo drive them entirely out of Transylvania , and to restore liberty to that unfortunate country . Such is the state of things at this moment . You can well imagine what pleasure I feel when fate puts it into my power to thrash ( etriller ) the Muscovites :,

      I'hope that after having put things in order in this country , I may be able to pass into Hungary , and there to assist in exptlling or destroying tbe army of Windischgratz . Our successes are ' not doubtful ones , our array is effective and numerousmore than 100 , 000 men , well-armed and animated with an excellent spirit , may be brought together anddirected against the Austrian army . Inferior in number , and surrounded by a hostile population , my arrival with an army well disciplined and accustomed to fighting will , I hope , give a mortal blow to tbe army of Windischgratz , I do not write to our dear Snulczewski , nor to any other of my friends , for I have been unfortunate enough to lose one of the fingers of my right hand by a bullet , and from which 1 am still suffering ; but I embrace them all most cordially .

      I believe it will be interesting to Mr . Young to learn that though another wound has increased my bodily sufferings , _tliough my leg is not as yet completely cured , and that , since my leaving London , no more splinters have issued from i' / I can walk without a cane , and ride on horseback , I flatter myself that I may be able to take an active part in the grand operations that are now [ a preparation for the present year . Please to accept , my lord , the expression of my greatest esteem and of my highest consideration . ¦ ( Signed)—The General-in-Chief of the Hungarian Army in Transylvania . Bem . Mulenbach , ApriU _, 1849 .

      THE RUSSIAN INVASION . The Vienna correspondent of the ' . ' Times' writing on May the 1 st says : — '; The intervention of the RussianR , which has so much occupied our public , is at length officially announced in a short article in the - Wiener Zeitung ' of this morning ; It is as follows : — ' The insur . rectionin Hungary has attained such a height during the last few months , and has iH its present pbasis so distinctly shown that it is a combination cf the whole strength of the European subversive party , that it is the interest of all states to support the Imperial government in its efforts to prevent the dissolution of social order which is aimed at there

      Actuated by this weighty motive , tbe Cabinet of His Majesty the Emperor has been moved to claim the armed intervention of His Majesty the Emperor of Russia , which has been granted in the most generous and efficient manner . The measures mutually agreed on are in full progress . ' _' The Hungarians have ' entered the Turoczer County with 15 , 000 men and 30 . guns , and have already - taken possession of _Massocz and St . Marton . It is supposed that their object is either to close the passes from _Silesia and Galicia , or to secure an issue into the Prussian territory if necessary . I learn from a good source that a body of Bern ' s troops , thongh not under his personal command , has taken not only _Karansebes but also Lugas . Bem himself is said to have retired into Transylvania .

      Later . —The Russian vanguard has , I am informed , crossed the Cracow frontier with 8 , 000 men . It is reported that General Benedek is already in Kasmark with 4 , 000 men . Hungary declared Independent . — The ¦ National' announces that Kossuth has published a manifesto declaring the independence of Hungary and of the annexed provinces , and the deposition of the House of _Hapsburg Lorraine , as guilty of having excited an impious war . -. ' . ¦

      SIXTY THOUSAND RUSSIANS IN TRAN

      SYLVANIA . Vienna , May 3 . —Sixty thousand Russians have at last entered Transylvania . They came in three columns of 20 , 000 men—one column taking the Rothenthurm Pass and ; Tomros from Wallaehia . The rest crossed the Buckowina . the Austrian Colonel , Vomer , with five other Imperial officer ? , served . as guides to the columns . At Radzlwill , near Brody _, in Galicia , are' 50 , 000 Russians ; at Tomaschbw , 40 , 000 ; and at Michalowize , on the Galician frontier , 40 , 000 . more . Eight reserve ' bat . talibns march to Lemberg ; where they will encamp and exercise . _"'' - ¦ ¦

      More Hungarian Victories . —General Bern has taken the . city of Temesbvar . The accounts which have reached Vienna from Austrian Silesia were very alarming , forthe Hungarians _seemed _dis _. posed tocarrythe warontof their owncountry into Silesia and Galicia . , a They . were making endeavours _= iff £ ? j- _s ? Ja s ° - '• ' 3 » _™ ' _* £ doubt but that they would succeed .

      _.- : _i . MOST IMPORTANT , _^ _., :. HUNGARY _^ _A-REPUBLIC i \ 2 dpII . y ° > lnB _^ _Httngarian declaration of h * u dependence from the _^ bouse of _Hapsburg-Lwaine

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      by the Diet a ' : Debreczn . Ihe kingdom of Hungary , with the inclusion of Transylvania and Croatia , is erected intoVi independent republic , under a responsible president . THE HUNGARIAN _DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE , ' The Hth of April , 1849 , is an eternal era _| in the history of Hungary . The representatives of the nation asse * ubled on this dayatDebretzin , in their accustompd house of meeting , to resolve one of the leading questions of their great mission , and to decide the lot of Hungary , in relation to the ruling dynasty , of Hapsburg . Lorraine . In order , however , that the resolutions to be taken miftht be attended with the publiciiy and solemnity befitting so great an occasion , the sitting was held in the great Reformed Church , in presence ¦ Of thousands of the people .

      _Ludwitr Kossuth , President-of the Committee of National Defence , reported upon the battles won , and the victorious career of our brave army . Thea he declared that now the time was come for Hungary to strip off the shackles which she bad worn for three hundred years , and to take the rank which she deserved among European , states . Now , once for all , must , she renounce all submission to the sceptre of a dynasty which had repa d her services with ingratitude and her allegiance with treachery . This decree of the National Assembly was longed for by

      the nation , mhohad born with loyal and patriotic readiness tbe burthens of their struggle tor libert y ; it was demanded by the army , which had poured forth its blood so liberally to save the country ; it was necessitated by circumstances , in order that Hungary might be properly represented at the European congress which was contemplated , in order to settle the new face of things in some more possible shape than the entirely _broken-up old one was . ln one word , the country , the world , God , all required from the house of representatives this final resolution .

      The President of the Government then proposed the following motions : — ¦ '' 1 . Hungary , together with Transylvania , and all parts , lands , and provinces appertaining to the Hungarian kingdom , is publicly proclaimed as a free and independent European state : The unity of its surface is declared indivisible , and its integrity inviolable . 2 . The house of Hapsburg-Lorraine , through its treae ' ery , perjury , and employment of armed force against the Hungarian nation , no less than through the boldness with which it has dismembered the

      territorial integrity of the land , by severing from Hungary , Croatia and Transylvania , shrinking not from the slaughter ofthe people . with armed force —has with its own bands , torn up the pragmatic sanction , and sundered that bond , which , upon the base of a mutual connexion , subsisted between the said house and Hungary with its annexed lands . This perjured house of Hapsburg-Lorraine is for ever excluded from the sovereignty of Hungary , Tran-6 ylvania , and the parts , provinces , and lands ap . pertaining to the Hungarian kingdom , in the name of the nation , deposed , and banished from the enjoyment of the ground and all civic rights .

      • 3 . While Hungary , according to her indefeasible natural rights , enters into the European family of states as a self-dependent , independent , and free state , she declares atthe same time that it is her firm resolve to observe towards all the other states , as long as her own rights remain uninjured , relations of peace and friendship , especially towards those states which were heretofore united with us under the same sovereign , and to live on terms of good understanding as well with the Turkish empire as with the Italian states , and to lay with these the foundation of a friendly intercourse upon reciprocal interests . '

      ? 4 . The future system of government will in all its details be brought to _completian by the National Assembly . Meantime , until tbi . is done , the country in its whole extent will be governed by a president ofthe government ,. with the ministers , to be appointed by him , at his side , under his own and their personal responsibility . A committee of three members is charged with the digestion of these resolutions . The representatives of the nation , with one will and one voice , accepted the motion of the president , Kossuth ; and thousands of the people expressed , with thc most fervid enthusiasm , their unanimous adherence to the resolutions of their representatives . Upon the 4 th proposition of Ludwig Kossuth , the house chose him by acclamation for first president of the government under the new order of things ' The committee of three chosen consists of Kossutb , Emerich Czaczvarz , and Stephen Gnrove .

      The President of tlie Upper House , Baron _Peren _^ put to the vote , on the same day , the resolutions adopted in the Lower , which were passed with _enthusiast unanimity , all the members rising up from their seats . Poles to Arms ! -General Bern has addressed a proclamation to , his countrymen ( the-Poles ) calling upon them to _assemble beneath the srandard of their own count ry . His address is evidently causing muc h sensation , and a fermentation is perceptible throughout tbe length and breadth of the land .

      REPORTED INSURRECTION IN SILESIA . Tbe Democratic press has a report of a rising among the peasantry in Lower Silesia , and that , in order to prevent the passage by rail of the Russian troops , they hive destroyed the road .

      UNITED STATES AND CALIFORNIA . New York , April 20 , — Th * arrival of the Europa , whose news was te . ' egra , hed , by the way of St . John ' s and Boston , about twenty hours ia advance , has put us in possession of the triumph of Radetski and the fall of Charles Albert , with the probable . return of Pius to Rome . All this excites the deepest regret . If there is' one power more than another whose policy is hateful to the Ameri * can people , it is that of Austria . The dungeons which held Lafayette and Silvio Pellico , will now contain some new martyrs to liberty , and ' the knife follow where the pincers tear . '

      A despatch has been received at Washington from San Francisco , dated the 20 th of February last . It appears that there has been a great sickness and an unusual mortality among the Californian emigrants . The weather has been severe , and tbe sufferings of the people intense . Commodore Jones , of the American squadron , was engaged in making a survey of the bay of San Francisco and the Sacramento river , beading the expedition for that purpose in person . The United States government has sent out instructions to General Smith to exercise as wide an authority as possible in governing Ca lifornia , and to maintain order under his military authority until a territorial government is established . Emigration that way has evidently been checked . The steamer Crescent City sailed on ' tbe 17 th with about 153 passengers , and the Falcon wentoff to-day with about half that number .

      The ship Angelique sails in a few days with a large number of young women , of respectabls families , for San Francisco , ostensibly as school teachers and re « _ligious missionaries . They go out under the lead of Mrs . Farnham , a female somewhat-known for her public efforts in the Fry school . We presume tbey will find the lasso of matrimony ready for the whole of them .

      THE SANDWICH ISLANDS . EXTRAORDINARY destruction of ufe by THE MEASLES . Upwards of ten thousand of the natives of these islands have recently been carried off by that singular disease the measles . It seems to have broken out in January , a month in which its appearance as an epidemic generally takes place . , As medical men under these circumstances rarely look for tbe termination of the contagion until May , we expect to hear more of its desolating progress ; and' when we consider that the effects of the disease in this form are to be found afterwards in the shape of consumption , and general debility , it would almost _seem W if the native races were to * be swept away .

      Lim*Rti*.--Do Not Allow Yourselves To Be...

      Lim _* RTi _* .--Do not allow yourselves to be deccivfld by vain words . Many will seek to persuade you , that you are really free ; because they have writtett upon a sheet of paper the word liberty , and stuck _# at every corner of the street . Liberty is not a placard stuck on walk . It 16 _« living power which we feel within us and iritfioos us ; the protecting genius of tho domestic _««"?» the guarantee of social rights , and the first ol suw » rights Tho oppressor who masks himself with to »» _- _^» is the worst of oppressors . He joins lying w ; -

      ranny , proianation to injustice ; ior » _u" " liberty is holy . who cry Bo on your guard , thon , against those _^ out , Liberty ,-Liberty ,, and yet d estroy » _> doings . _vv force of _., Liberty , will shine ; upon you , when , ° > nci . _courage and perseverance , you shall nav < - pated yourselves from all these slaveries . _„ _, c Liberty will shine upon you , when y » u' _u-ftee j said- in'the depth of your soul , We _mf ; ° rcaay to when ; in order . to become so , you shall oe sacrifice all , and to sutler all . —Lamennatt . _^ Why is a tight shoo like a fine summer * - * it makes the wrn grow

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 12, 1849, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_12051849/page/2/