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Northern Star (1837-1852), 11th April 1846, Edition 3 of 3, Page 7, Londom Corn Exchasoe, Monbat, Aran 6.— T...

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      April 11. 1846. The Northern Star. 7

      April 11 . 1846 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 7

      J Tatp Ihobfimnt^

      J tatp _iHobfimnt _^

      -Andlwiuwar. Atleastin Vrerfs, Revelatio...

      _-AndlwiUwar . _atleastin vrerfs , REVELATIONS OF ROME _, so . iv .

      From the Westminster Review . THE TOLITICAt QEESTIOH . In all that we have hitherto said on the nature of this government , we have not touched on the _political question ; that is to say , on that most sensitive questhm , in relation to whieh even a government generally just and fair , starting from fear to proceed to repression , is apt to fall iuto evil courses . "Sow , this question is in _actioniasUv , vividly , passionately , more so than in any other pr ovince of Italy . The national parry , whicli in some other states has an idea for its dominant motive , is

      _exas perated in those of the Tope by material interests—¦ hx wretchedness , hy corruption , or by the parching up of f _Jery source of life . A spirit of universal discontent , an unceasing mnrmnr for revolution , agitates the Papal districts , and is ever threatening the existence of the tyrannical and imbecile government whose oppression crushes them . But without « ur going iuto detail , the reader may _receive what that government would become when trembling in an agony of fear , whose normal state is such as we have been _describing . There is nothing which { ear would ndt drive it to , were it not that the fear itself is a check ; or , as phrased by one of onr elder

      poets' Their fears shall make them cruel , till cruelty Shall make them fear again . " THE ISQCISITlOX . The tribunal of the Inquisition is extant there in all its strength , ana with all its demoralising modes of esp ionage—secular in its numerous secret agents , religi « us in the confessional . We shall not recount the numerous persecutions of the Jews , tbat , under Leo tho Twelfth , forced the richest families to emigrate , with a loss to the State of £ 400 , 000 , and which now almost always resolve _thiinselves into exactions of money , to an amount _prec _^ _termined ; but we invite our readers to form an exact notion ofthe spirit animating the ecclesiastical police , by the perusal of an Edict of the Monk Ancarani , _Inquisitor-Ceneral for the province of Bomagna , dated from Forli ,

      the 14 th May , 1 S 29 , and an Edict of Cardinal Guisrhriam _, Bishop of Imola ( 3 rd Jane , 1 S 2 S . ) Iu the first they will fnd secret accusation formally organised ; and in the midst of absurd regulations about necromancers and the blasphemers of God , and especially those offending against tiie Holy Virgin , an immense field opened to _artUmui action in articles relating to prohibited books , and to " all those who obstruct , or shall obstruct , the office ofthe Holy Inquisition , or who have assaulted , or shall assault in any manner whatsoever , by themselves or others , in his person , character , or property , or otherwise , any officer , servant , informer , or witness of the Holy OSice . In the second , they will find a premium of ten vears' indulgence for informers , and a most aristocratic

      tariff of punishment for offences of impiety , such as blasphemy , couched in uncouth language . For the first offence , a conviction for blasphemy is met with a fine of fire and twenty crowns of gold , fifty for the second , one hundred for the third ; bat if the guilty party was a poor p lebeian , porero pUbeo , for the first offence he was to make the a & endc honorable , during an entire day , at the door of the church ; for the second offence , he was to be whipped ; and for the third to have his tongue bored and be sent to the galleys . In case of fine , the informer would pocket a third , in addition to the ten years' indulgence . What mkht be taken as blasphemy may be judged from the following : —A dramatic poet was Sued by the Censor _acting for the Cardinal-Vicar for having Homerically styled _Atrides King of Kings !

      POLITlCAt _TraiSHMESTS . The same savage spirit prevails , with a much increased activity in execution , in all that regards political opinion : accusation is proof ; suspicion is enough for punishment . The poet Sterbini was exiled ( and remains so ) for having , in a tragedy called La _Vesiale , irreverently handled the mummeries of the priests of pagan Borne . Three individuals , the advocate Bottom " , and the lieutenants Bocri aadFiolanti , were imprisoned eleven months , fettered , and without seeing the light of day , as guilty of an attempt at assassination on the person of Cardinal Bivarola , oa the mere assertion of two fellows , who , as appeared by an agreement afterwards discovered , had conspired to gain the reward of £ G 40 offered to whomsoever would denounce the offender . Processes , summary and

      expeditions { rnria _' _sonrmario e tpeditivo ) , became sheer lists of proscription , hastily filled np to get rid of those against whom no proof could be obtained . La pubtica voce _efeuna ( public talk and rumour ) was taken as their basis . Fire hundred persons were condemned to _banishment in 1 S _25 , in virtue of tbis compendious plan , and were presented with the order of expulsion before they had learnt there were any proceedings against them . Cardinal Bivarola pushed this process _satnsuirio e speditivo to such a length , that in his famous commission in Bomagna , he condemned individual ; who had i een dead before the commencement of the proccedinss , and others who could

      never be identified in consequence of the contusion of names and _designations . In tbe list of the convicted wa 6 to be found Francisco Plana , advocate of Bologna : there was a _Pianu , an advocate in that city , bnt his baptismal name was different ; there was a Francisco , but he was not found guilty . Among the condemned also was the advocate Agostino Javeggi , of Ferrara "; there was an advocate Javeggi , bnt Agostino was not his prenomen ! and there was an Agostino Javeggi , but neither an advocate , nor of Ferrara . The slightest word from an informer , or therm-rest breath of rumour ( cose puWiea ) , was _saScient for the cardinal to inscribe a name ou the roll ofthe condemned .

      Those who escape the process tovanario , are _stiU to be reached by the precctto- This is an injunction not to be iroai home before sunrise or after sunset , not to frequent coffee-houses or other public places , not to be idle , tc . Its first result is to take away the possibility of the employment that it prescribes , for such as are under the ban ofthe preeetto , and are kaown to be objects of suspicion to the government , are rejected at every work-place . Its deep abomination is that it inflicts penalties on those whose conduct is proof against any other criminal proceeding . And this preeetto , that has been known in critical times to be launched against hundreds , thousands of dozens , is an attribnte not of the courts alone , but of every chief of police , without the necessity of accounting anywhere for its use .

      COMMEBCE , MASCFACTDEES _, ASD AGEICCLTUBE . To be added to all _thsse , are grievances , the weary list of which would be tou heavy for our pages , but that may be easily learnt elsewhere , or e-en conjectured—the decline of commerce , an inevitable consequence of the severity and frequent alteration of the tariffs of duties , of lie tedious processes of the courts , of the time granted to debtors—sometimes years ; of the power given to bankrupts to summon thc creditor before a judge appointed by the _sorareisjn at the suggestion ofthe debtor , * of the absurd sanitary regulations ; ofthe extensive contraband fostered by the enormity of the imposts ; the decay of manufacturing industry , to be ascribed to the vexatious interference of the government ofiieers . to the prevalence

      of exclusive privileges , and to the war waged against the I provincial manufacturers by the industrial interests of the metropolis , who are supported by high functionaries ; the impediments offered tu the development of agricul- ' rare , by increased burdens , by thc law ' s uncer tainty , by the law ' s delay , by the overgrown posses ions of religious corporations , by the barriers opposed to the diffusion of agricultural knowledge ; the almost absolute want of public instruction , particularly as regards the rural population , and the vitiation ot private education by the inevitable meddling of the priests and religious orders ; add all these , and yon will have a _concep-ion , faithful as fer as it goes , though very incomplete , of Papal administration .

      We shall give an example for each , of the conduct of the goreranitnr towards manufactures and agriculture . Signori Fabri and Meloni had a manufactory of silk at Bologna : the beauty of their stuffs procured them abundance of orders ; but this was not agreeable to the dealers at Borne , who accused them to the authorities of selling goods of foreign manufacture . They wer _; in consequence subjected to various harassing regulations , such as having the warp marked by the revenue officers before being woven , and a prohibition to take the stuff out of the loom , save in the presence of those ofiieers . This was i vexations enough , for thi : officer was not always in the _fcctory when he was wanted , aud the work was therefore j

      iu ttrnipied ; but this was not all The Judge-fiscal at Bologna was appointed especially to verify the facts . The saspected goods were sequestrated , and then , to decide -ie point , the judge determined that stuffs of a similar inality should be manufactured iu the prestnee of the r * vcnue officers and a functionary of his own . This was done , and the result was declared satisfactory . Nevertheless , the treasurer ordered the goods to be seized and Et Borne . Borne down by this long persecution , _* abri became a bankrupt ; ileloni called his creditors together , and , touched with his misfortunes , they returned him a trifling sum , to star t him in some small _buauess . The manufacture of course ceased .

      The Agricultural Society of Bologna , of wliich Filippo Re , known by his book on manures , was a long time secretary a society that published exceedingly useful reports on agriculture—bad an income of £ SQ from the State . The government deprived them Of that , and of tneirplace ol _meeting ; and now , owing to thc arts of a parry spedaUy charged with their surveillance , they very rarely assemble . A glance at the state of agriculture -would present the following as prominent facts . The cultivation of rice and hemp is the only existing resource of theBolognese ; but that of hemp , which is costly iu labour and in the quantity of manure it requires , is every day on the decrease 5 the provinces tbatoriginally formed the patrimony of St . Peter , are wretchedly _posr and depopulated ; the progressive spoliation of the mountainwoods , to the maintenance of which a wise government would pay vigilant attention , is and will he more and * The reftrm of Gregory the Sixteenth may be quoted against us ; but that rtfurm , while abnegating thu power of the Pope ' s auditor , had nothing to say to tlie power of the Pope himself . Very shortly after it 3 promulgation , time and a special judge were in fact granted to a resident of Peiugia .

      -Andlwiuwar. Atleastin Vrerfs, Revelatio...

      more to be deplored ; in their descent the waters bring with them deposits tbat fill up the beds of their courses , aad the river dykes are menaced with disruption . In the winter of ISIS , several square leagues of excellent land , between the Reno and the Po , were laid under water : and a numerous body of proprietary ruined .

      POWNFALL OF THE PAPACY . But beyond all tbis , there lies matter infinitely more significant , which must never be lost sight of—the religion of the question , the consciousness now general , that all is brought to pass in the name of a LIE ; the Mcne , Mene , Tekel , Peres , that irrevocably sentences every power usurped in the name of that which is no longer believed in , that no longer believes in itself . Just so is it with the Pope . His Swiss and his Austrians are feared ; but men laugh at his excommunication , at his infallibility , at his vicariousness for God or . Christ on the earth : Pasquin ' s satires are more potent than tbe

      uplifted finger that pretends to rule over ttrbem et orbem . "When , in 1831 , the de facto rulers of the Soman States issued a decree abolishing the Pope's temporal power , no individual throughout their breadth uttered a protest . When , as men seizes common malefactor , violeuthands ¦ were laid on the Cardinal legate Benvenuti , who came to foment disunion in the army of the insurrection , not a single month cried out sacrilege . And when ths Transtiberincs _, whose blind faith is so mnch extolled , discover that bread is too dear , they send a loaf with their vivas , into the stately equipage of his holiness : they treat him as" the _saraae treats _hisfeitche . All the world of Italy

      knows , and nowhere so well as in the Popedom , from how much intrigue results the nomination of him , who , as the representative , we say nwt of Cod , bnt of humanity , should be one filled with all intelligence , and all love , hailed by the Church , by the welcome of the faithful . All the world knows how the inspiration of the Sacred Spirit ( shame that we must so word it ) posts to Borne in an ambassador's portmanteau ; ho w the recommendation of Gaetanino , or his like , is more efficacious with the Holy Father , than sentiments of eternal justice ; how every severity of enactments for the observance of the Sabbath vanishes before the fair of Sinegaglia—it ' s so

      profitable to the treasury ; how , in short , all spirituality has fallen before the interests of temporal power . And how , then , can you look for its existence among the subjects of that power ? Urged by a blind reaction , and estimating religion by its application under tbeir eyes , the educated youth for the most part lapse into materialism ; tbe people , save a portion of the rural population , are without belief , even though professing it Half from fear , half from habit , they may still frequent the churches , may be found gazing on the pomp of ceremonies , but with curiosity , not with reverence ; their southern imagination may be excited , but the heart is untouched . The Papal power , then , is not only bated for tbe evil it works , but

      despised as an imposture , for the sources whence it obstinately persists ia deriving the authority by whose virtue it is existant ; and it may be conceived what degree of bitterness this feeling adds to reaction . Men ' s aspirations are bent the more earnestly to the advent , of political liberty . They feel that , from that advent , in some way or other , will result the solution of the religious question ; they feel that from the flight ofthe Pope—and he will fly sooner than submit with cordiality to the deprivatioti of temporal power—and from his first bull of excommunication against the rebels , will naturally arise an appeal to & council ; or come other mode of establishing what are the wants of religious faith in Italy ,

      VIVA I / ITALIA ! Our readers , we hope , will now understand why a fearful agitation is periodically at work in the Papal States , and wiU be at work more and more . An energetic protestation it is , in the name of every brave and noble heart of these provinces , published to slumbering and careless Europe ; and it will be converted into a triumphant and unanimously proclaimed revolution , on the day that Europe , aroused to a sense of justice and of zeal

      for the maintenance cf a principle so often announced in words , shall say to the Austrians— " Keep to your own territory , whatever may occur beyond you : the subjects of the Pope are on their own ground ; let them manage their own affairs as suits them best . " Nay , a revolution some day it will become , though Europe should persist in sanctioning the degrading and iniquitous intervention of one foreign power in the concerns of an . other . * * * * SCCH ABE THE CAUSES OF THE PAST , THE _PBESENT , _ASO _EVEB-OBOWISG AGITATION .

      American Working Men's Movement. Emancip...

      AMERICAN WORKING MEN'S MOVEMENT . _EMANCIPATION OF LABOUR AND TIIE LAND . BEFOBMS DEMANDED BY THE AMEBICAN DEMOCRATS . [ From the Xew York Totaig _-America . ] I . A FREE SOIL ASD A LANDED DEMOCRACY . To be brought about by a LIMITATION of the quantity of land to be hereafter acquired by any individual , and by ether measures recommended in articles I . II . III . of this paper , on tbe subject of the New Constitution , and republished in the pamphlet called The Jubilee .

      II . ALL DEBTS TO BE DEBTS OF HONOUR . Because credit _would'be given to character instead of wealth ; because avaricious creditors should not take \ advantage of lenient ones , because a set of law officers should not be supported on the means belonging to creditors ; because the costs of collecting debts by law are nearly equal to the debts collected ; because there are no other laws except those that authorize land selling that cause so much misery ; because debts would be better paid ; and , abore all , because the proper object of government is simply to protect the natural rights ofthe people .

      III . A PROHIBITION OF PAPER MONEY . Because paper money is fictitious money , enabling men to get interest on what they owe ; because to issue it is a privilege ; because it is a cheat ; because it is an indirect tax ; because it makes the rich richer and the poor poorer ; because it enables men to live without any kind of useful labour ; because it is anti-republican ; because it is worse than useless ; because it nullifies the power properly delegated to the general government' to coin money and regulate the value thereof ; " because the states are prohibited from issuing _<* bills of credit , " and therefore it is unconstitutional .

      IV . A PROVISION FOR AN EQUITABLE ADJUSTMENT OF DEBTS , Contracted under the paper currency ; becanse every contraction or expansion ofthe currency by paper money has violated contracts between debtors and creditors , aad because it is a measure necessary to the abolition of paper money .

      V . A PROHIBITION OF STATE DEBTS . Because they are contrivances to create _tax-eaters ; because they cripple the power of the general government to provide for the national defence ; because they are unnecessary , unjust and unconstitutional ; and , particularly , because no generation of men has a right tu tax a future one . VI . PROHIBITION OF CHARTERED PRIVILEGES . Because what cannot be done by individual or associate action without privileges , should be done by the township , county , or state .

      VII . A REFORM OF THE LAW SYSTEM . Because the present system is cumbrous , _intricate , and expensive . Abolishing laws for the _collection of debts would do much towards it . VIII . TIIE RIGHT OF SUFFRAGE . To be secured without qualification or restriction , to every citizen of the same mind . Reasons self evident , IX . ELECTION OF ALL OFFICERS BY THE PEOPLE . Because If the people are qualified to choose men to choose officers , they are qualified to choose tbe officers themselves .

      X . A DISTRICT SYSTEM OF ELECTIONS . Because the present system is a bad one ; because power ought to be delegated as little as possible ; and because the plan of electing one man only on one ticket for each oflice is the way to keep the power nearest to the people .

      XI . DIRECT TAXATION ON PROPERTY . Every man to pay in proportion to what he is worth , cleargfthe world ; because if every man knows exactly what he pays , it will be his interest to have the taxes light ; and because , as government is chiefly for the protection of property , property should pay the cost . XII . AN EFFECTIVE MILITIA SYSTEM . Every citizen from tbe age of eighteen toforty-five to be enrolled , armed , aud equipped at the expense of the State ; the companies to have charge of the arms and equipments ; the Legislature to designate the number of trainings , except in time of war or danger of war- those who turn out to be paid two thirds the wages of legislators and those who refuse to be taxed according to their property _.

      "Landed Democracy." In The Whole Vocabul...

      "LANDED DEMOCRACY . " In the whole vocabulary of the English languag e . there are no other two words of equal import and worth to the human race to those at the head of this article , " Landed Democracy . " As contradistinguished from tho words " Landed Ari stocracy , " what a mighty and comprehensive idea do tliey convey How brief , how expressive of the most righteous principle , the most beneficent doctrine , the greatest measure for the universal stood of all humanity ; for when that is obtained , thc best wishes of philanthropy , the brightest hopes of civilisation , and every other earthly good will naturally ensue . Hereafter _, then , let the words " Landed Democracy" 63 the motto on tlie banner , the war cry in every contest , and the object of every political movement of the

      human race . For thousands of years , and _m most countries , has the system of landed aristocracy been tried , and wherever it had existence it has equally proved itself the cause of the downfal of empires and Republics . Originating either in conquest or fraud , _establishing inequality and injustice in the very foundation of the social fabric , it has naturally generated , as its legitimate offspring , extremes of wealth and poverty , of corruption and crime . The monopoly of the soil must have its slaves—the palace must have its hovels ; it is the very rich tbat make the very poor , * and poverty induces most of the crimes that" arc committed in civilised communities .

      Never yet baa the experiment of a landed democracy been tried on earth in a state of civilizationthat is , there never has been in any civilised country , a social organisation whose fundamental principle or organic law fixed and limited the quantity oi " land that individuals might hold , according to natural and equal justice to each and all . The Agrarian principle as regards land must not be understood to extend to personal property , for as all these things comprehended by the latter term are the work or creations of men , their creators have a natural and personal right to buy and sell , trade and traffic ,

      barter and exchange , give and receive such things as are designated personal property . " But the land is mine , saith the Lord , and ye are sojourners with mo . " " God made the heavens and the earth . " They are not man ' s work . The creator of the world never granted land titles ; the earth is the patrimony of the whole race ; or , as JeiFcrson _aaid _, " it belongs to the living . " Man has no authority to make it an article of merchandise , to buy or sell it . The Indian has no natural or divine right to sell it to the United States , nor have the United States either a natural or a divine right to sell it to their citizens .

      The idea , " then , of a landed democracy , that is , that no man shall hold or possess more land than is equitable with regard to the equal and natural rights of his fellow creatures , namely , a homestead , or as much as he can use or cultivate for subsistence ( and every human being has the inalienable right of going to the bosom of his mother earth for sustenance ) , is not naturally or morally wroBg in any point of view ; while , on the contrary , the establishment , as in Great Britain by the Norman conquest , of a landed aristocracy , is so subversive of justice and productive of social evil , that nothing but thc fact that people aretrained to the toleration ofthe monstrous usurpation from infancy , so that they cannot see its enormities and exactions upon them , prevents its overthrow in spite of the sanguinary system of laws created by

      robbery and tyranny to sustain it . As the whole history of the race has proven that a landed aristocracy has been the greatest curse of humanity , it is clear that nothing but a landed democracy is the remedy , and its establishment the greatest earthly blessing . In fine , he is not an intelligent Christian who will not go for a social system so consistent with the Mosaic institutions and the doctrines of Christ and his apostles . He is not a true philanthropist who will not go for an amelioration of the condition of mankind , _self-evidcntly the most beneficent and benevolent in its scope and character . Above all , he is not a consistent democrat who will not contend for a landed democracy more than all other measures of reform aud progress , as the fundamental principle of the democratic theory , the rights of all men and the greatest good of the whole . _

      The _Gerhax Communists of New York have joined the Democratic Reformers , and have held several large and enthusiastic meetings . They are determined to vote for none but Free Soil candidates .

      LANDLORDISM . ( From the Albany Anti-Renter . ) Landlordism must go down in this republic . There must be no temporising with it . No beating it off at one point where its intended victims are strong and united , to let it retire and settle itself upon all other points where its victims are , as yet , far scattered , isolated and hel . less . No , over the whole republic , landlordism must go down—the happiness of men and their rational equality must be established —not in the Helderbcrg alone—not alone in the oppressed counties of this State , but throughout the broad and wide length and breadth of the republic . The task before us is twofold . To kill off and forj _/ ever put an end to the full-grown monster that exists in this State , and to prevent the same monster from raising its accursed head over all other parts , or any other part of the republic .

      THE UNITED STATES PRESS . TheophilusFisk , we believe a very clever man , and sterling democrat , formerly leading editor of the United States Journal , has recently quitted that paper , probably induced thereto by the opposition 0 . ' the mock-patriots , to whom his sterling patriotism was offensive . The following extracts ( for which we are indebted to the Albany Freeholder ) are from his closing address to the readers of the United States Journal : — The despotism of _PARir—asd the tyranny of caucus . —Party in this country , as has been well remarked , has become a tyrant—a heartless , unfeeling

      despotism ; its insatiable spirit can be propiated by no sacrifice , softened by no appeal . Its self-constituted head must do all the thinking for the members , who are not allowed to have a free thought , or an independent opinion of their own—especially if tbat opinion should happen to differ with the majority _. The iron despotism of Political Prejudice wields its overpowering influence over the best feelings of our common nature ; sends its palsying venom into the most generous hearts to uproot and destroy all those finer qualities which refine and ennoble humanity ; breaking up social intercourse and domestic companionship , separating society by an almost impassable gulf .

      Let me be understood . I speak not against party divisions , nor _against party zeal ; both are indispensible to the existence and perpetuity of a free government . Under a despotism there arc no parties —all there is a calm unruffled ocean ; a dead sea ef black and poisonous waters from which exhale pestilence and death . Party spirit , properly regulated , is the very salt of the earth . Parties we must have —parties we should have , It is not against party that I declaim , but agaiust the unhallowod tyranny it imposes ; checking every free thought , curbing and controlling our independent acts ; hunting down and crushing all who do not approve of every act performed by its self-constituted leaders . There never was a more unfeeling tyrant upon the face of the earth than King Caucus ; to question its decrees , to doubt the infallibility of the privileged few who move the wires , is high treason . I claim to be a _yortt / man—but I can never become either a party slave or a party tool .

      The Evils of Lawyer Legislation . —this needs no word of comment from me . It is seen in all its painful distinctness darkening every page of our country ' s , history ; seen no less in all the ruin it has wrought by its partial enactments iu favour of wealth against labour , than in the stupendous social and political evils it has entirely neglected to remedy or attempted to remove . From education , from habit , and more than all from interest , the lawyer is compelled to be eminently Co > servat " tve . in his principles and policy ; no true Reformer ever belonged to that profession . The power of precedent is all-controlling ; things as they have been and things as they are , is tbe end and aim of his political existence ; things as

      tliey should le , he utterly abominates asdisorganizmg ; as radicalism and agrarianism . When thc producing classes become intelligent enough to appreciate their own highest interests—when the farmers and mechanics shall have sufficient self-respect to make honest labour dignified and honourable , they will select their law-makers from among their own ranks nnd not from those who take their cue from Westminster Hall in old England . When a lawyer can point to a single effort he has ever made in tne cause of progressive humanity , 1 will waive my objections to his taking a seat in a legislative hall . Perhaps it is right for them to legislate exclusively for the benefit of the rich—the poor can beg .

      While lawyers make tbe laws , the temptation will be too strong to be resisted to frame them so intricately that none but lawyers can explain them . Law expounders should never be allowed to become lawmakers . The practice too of the legal profession is inconsistent with a pure morality or strict _conscientiousness . When men are in the daily habit of espousing any cause for a fee , defending " the right and the wrong indiscriminately , making the same effort to free the most hardened villain from the just

      punishment of the law , as to redress tbe most grievous case of oppression and injustice—it is not to be expected that their political virtue will be of a sterner or more incorruptible character . It is a startling fact that every demagogue who has ever betrayed his political party , belonged to the legal profession , lie was in the previous habit of espousing the cause of the client who promised the largest fee , without regard to the merits of the case , and he was therefore easily induced to play the traitor—for a consideration !

      Slaves make Tyrants . —hie Workixo Men tiieik own Worst Enemies . —From my first entrance upon my editorial career until the present hour , I have laboured with unflagging industry in behalf of the interests ef the , ' -. reducing classes—thc toiling , industrious millions . I have never seen the day or the hour , for the last fifteen years , whon 1 was not ready to sacrifice every pecuniary hope could I have ad-

      "Landed Democracy." In The Whole Vocabul...

      vanced the progress of the cause by so doing . To a great extent I have toiled utterly in vain ; it has been nearly for nought that I havespentmy strength and sacrificed my repose , as well as the favour and friendship of hundreds of those whose good opinion is of incalculable value . The working classes do not respect themselves ; they neither will stand up for their own rights , _^ nor for those ivho are perilling their all in labouring in their _cause _.-They allow themselves to be made the willing dupes of political knaves ; although their interest is one and the same , thev blindly allow themselves to be split up into opposite fictions at the poles ; at every election , they throw the rope over the house and then begin to pull at each end , instead of pulling at the same end , and all

      pulling one way ; the natural consequence is , they enjoy a little better position in society than beasts of burden , _^ They are contemptuously called " the lower classes ; " and s ubmit to these degrading epithets , with a patience that even Job might envy ; crouch beneath the ponderous burdens imposed upon them by an upstart aristocracy , with theuncomplaininfl ; submission of the mute camel ; and then on every fourth of July , throw up their caps and shout for liberty and independence ! Was there ever more ridiculous mockery witnessed by civilised beings ? Too ignorant to know their rights , or too basely subservient to dare maintain them ; and yet they call themselves "free and enlightened ! " There are exceptions to be sure—but only enough to prove the justness of the general rule .

      Friends and Patrons—my labour is done . May that _blessing which maketh rich and addeth no sorrow with it , be yours to possess both now and for evermore . The recollection of the generous kindness which you have hitherto extended to me . will have an abiding place in my heart until its pulsations shall cease _for-cver . To each and to all of you , I bid an affectionate farewell . Theophilus Fisk , Washington City , 18 iG .

      Extraordinary Trial Of Spanish Brigands....

      EXTRAORDINARY TRIAL OF _SPANISH BRIGANDS . Another band of the Spanish brigands , called Trabourayres _, chiefly , if not entirely , composed of men who served in the array of Don Carlos , and took refugo in France on the final discomfiture of that Prince , were brought , on the 19 th ultimo , before the Court of Assizes for the Pyrenees Orientales , upon an indictment , of whieh we shall givean epitome . The number included in it is 22 , of whom 17 ( in custody ) were arraigned at the bar ; the five others , including a woman named Catharine Gatel , or Lacoste , having evaded capture . The prosecution wns conducted by M . Renard , procureur-general of the Cour Royale of Montpellier , assisted by M . Aragon , tt'c procurcur du Roi . The prisoners were defended by four counsel . The indictment stated that on February 2 rth ,. _' l §! 5 , at ten o ' clock in the evening , the diligence

      _i _* oing from Girona to Barcelona was stopped at a place called Lo Sura dela Palla , near the village of La Tordere . The traces were cut . the doors of the coach violently opened , and all the _passengers ordered , on pain of instant ileath , to alight and lay themselves on the ground . The robbers then lighted torches and searched the passengers , taking from their persons all they could find , treating the women in the most indecent manner . This done , they spread a cloak on the ground , and commanded _evi-ry one with the most horrible threats , to cast upon it whatever money , jewels , and other valuables tliey had about them , and which might have escaped discovery . At the same time the diligence -was _completely plundered . This , however , was but a prelude to future outrages . Three of tho passengers , M . Bailber , 11 . _Rofer , of Figuieras , andM .

      Mauot , Darams , whose passports indicated them to be of greater consideration , were seized und bound to be carri « d off for the sake of their ransom . The mother of M . Massot , who was travelling with him , cast herself at the feet of the bandits , and entreated them for mercy to her son . But they repelled her coarsely , saying that if she did not cease to annoy them with her cries she should see her son stabbed to death before her eyes . The sound of a shrill whistle was then heard , upon which the brigands gathered up their booty , cut the straps ofthe pantaloons of their three captives , in order that they might be able to move more freely , and led them away across the mountains , recommending those left not to report what had occurred to them or they would repent it . On May 3 rd , M . Massot wrote a letter to his mother , desiring her to

      send him 800 quadruples ( rather more than 80 , 000 francs ) for his ransom , saying , " I am worn out by misery . The cold distresses mo and these men torment me * A fever is killing me , and yet lam obliged to march day and night , . vith pain and grief , through the snow . All I know is that I am traversing mountains . Embrace my brothers in tlie same of God , and I beg them not to fall into despair from my death , for I am already resigned to it . " Bailber , who was of an advanced age , could not long resist his great sufferings , and in a very few days , finding himself sinking and unable to write , dictated his last will to Roger , which , when finished , the brigands took into their hands , judging they might derive some advantage from its possession . The unhappy man was left alone in his agonies on the snow , and , with a refinement of

      barbarity , the savages took from his shoulders the cloak he needed only for a few moments more . Three days after that ihe Spanish armed force cams up with the baud , and an engagement ensued in which two of the soldiers were killed , and several of the brigands wounded . Some days after the attack on the diligence , "Mademoiselle Massot , reeeived a letter by the Girona mail , signed with the name of Jacques Toquabus _, telling her that if she did not send the SOO quadruples to a place indicated , she should receive her son ' s ears and if tbat did not reduce her to compliance they would send her his eyes , and if tliose did not succeed she would , at last , have his mutilated head , at thc same time increasing their demand . On the 25 th March , the brigands and their two prisoners , when in a house called Perra 60 le

      de _Terrasols , near _Tazadell , were attacked by some armed police , and a conflict ensued , in which two of the gendarmes were killed , and M . Roger received a ball in the back ofthe neck , which laid him dead instantaneously . The band then divided into two parties—five of them going to a place called Maners , and eight with M . Massot , their sole remaining captive , in search of the grotto of Bassaguada _, where they might concc il and secure him . Alter wandering for several days , lost in fogs , they reached aud crossed the Mouga , a river which divides the two kingdoms , and , finding the cave , were supplied for two days with food by two peasants of the country , who were included in the indictment as accomplices . Hence four of the eight bandits went to Las Salines to receive the 1 , 000 _quadruplesldemanded of Madame Massot ,

      for the release of her son , taking up their abode at the inn of one of their associates , Parot del Battle , but one of thi four , named _Pijade , taking some offence , deserted the rest , returned tu his master , and became the principal means of discovering and arresting the whole band of these brutal murderers . In consequence of the measures taken b y his information , all the brigands named in the indictment were pursued , found , and arrested . I , the end , on reaching the cave or grotto of _Paesagudan was discovered the lifeless body of M . Massot , with the ears cut off , the throat divided , and eleven poignant wounds in the region of the heart , In the loft of a farm called Del Aloy , was afterwards found , wrapt in a paper , a pair of human ears , with some ofthe hair of the bead still sticking to them by the clotted blood . These

      were afterwards proved to be the ears of the unfortunate Massot , which the eight brigands who had excised _, them carelessly left there , little thinking how clear a proof it would be of tbeir having been the perpetrators of this act of cruelty . As an eridence of their insensibility to all feeling of pity , when the ears were exhibited to them on their being examined before the magistrate they pretended not to know what they were , culling them , with the most audacious levity , dried mushrooms . It is also stated that after the death of their two other captives , M . Bailber and M . Roger , tbe bandits sent letters to their families , stipulating for large sums lor their ransom , which were to be sent to certain spots indicated , but ivhich , if they had been paid , would have been in puru lose , for those sought to be redeemed were no longer in

      existence . The nliovc arc the material facts disclosed by the accomplice i ' ujadi .-, and which were confirmed by thc evidence that was produced . In support of the prosecution , no fewer than 114 witnesses were summoned , all of whom attended the trial except two or three . They consisted ofthe other _x'asseugers iu the diligence with the three unfortunate victims , the conducteur of the diligence , farmers , and other persons iu Spain and France who had been forced by thc brigands to afford them shelter and concealment , the _Escouados or armed police in . Spain , with whom they had the encounter , and tho gendarmes iu Prance engaged in their capture . Their united evidence , which ran to the length of eight days , is too voluminous for us to give even any general epitome of if , uor would it be of any great interest , in as much as

      it only exhibited in minute detail the circumstances upon which the indictment was founded , and which recapitu . bites all the most prominent , all the essential facts and _circumstacces . Pujade , the associate of the gang , admitted to give evidence , was a Spanish refugee Carlist _, who for two years was in the domestic servicn ot M . Pons , a man of independent property , living atTassa _, ( Pyrenees Orientales , ) but in February , 1815 , was seduced away by three men , one of whom il . Pons recognised among the prisoners , under the pretence of going to see their relations in Spain , He went on leave of absence for a fort * night , but did not return till towards the end of April , when M . Pons declined taking Wm back . Another of the pi-Uouers hud also been in service with another family iu France , but left it under the same pretext . In the course of the evidence it appeared that the main object of the band iu attacking the diligence was a knowledge they had obtained by some means

      that there was a considerable sum of mone to be conveyed by it . This _tyfy had searched for , and not finding it , and being unable to learn from the conductor or from any of the passengers where it . was concealed , they be came the more violent aud brutal . In fact , as stated by the conductor , this money was , on the coach being stopped , thrown by him at the bottom of the coupe , where they never thought of looking for it , and where it remained safe until after they were gone . The most intoresting , but at thc same time , the most painful part of tlie proceedings , was the examination of the bereaved mother , Madame _Massi't . When called the first time to appear iu court , she was too ill to cume forward , and the President postponed her interrogation till the following day , contenting himself with reading her previous depositions , which gave a most interesting- but afflicting statement of the _iniintu-r iu which , iu spite of all her entreaties , prayers , and promises , her eon was torn from her

      Extraordinary Trial Of Spanish Brigands....

      arms by main force , when all threats of wrong and nsulting violence to herself were insufficient to induce her to relinquish her grasp upon her child . On the following day she appeared in court , clothed in deep mourning , and so overwhelmed iu grief that she could scarcely be led to the place from which she was to give her testimony . The President addressed her in the kindest tones , reminding her that , however cruel the task , it was her duty if pos- ; siblc to rouse herself and enlighten justice . He then . desired her to look at the prisoners , and say if she recog- j nisiid any of them . With terror in her countenance she turned her eyes towards them , and , pointing to one of , them named Jean Simon , exclaimed in tones of agony— j "Oh J that is he who tare my son away from me , and ' with him tore away my own life . He it was who rejected ' all my prayers . Yes 1 yes 1 Indeed it was he who forced ' , liim ft ' mn mu n _» mn " \ f ...., _!„ .. 1 \ c . _ 1 _ . . » r ,. I him from Murderer

      my arms . ! Murderer : " Simon , ' who on the first entrance of Madame Massot hung down his head , and ever since remained immovable , now re- 1 sumed all his audacity , and addressed the most grossly 1 insulting apostrophes to her . The Presiden t spoke to j him in strong terms , and ordered the two gendarmes between whom he was placed to compel him to eit down j and be silent , Madame Massot , having in a degree : recovered her self-command , again surveyed the prisoners , and painted out another named Sugalls as the man who had lighted the torch and examined the faces ! of the prisoners . She could not recognise any of the ] others . Simon upon this asserted that he saw there was a j conspiracy against him , and that if fifty such witnesses were brought against him they would all recognise him , adding , " I ahall be condemned to death , but I shall die ' _, innocent . If I did what they say , may God never suffer me to leave this place alive . But I will not appaar again ' since truth is not to be heard . To-morrow I will remain

      ill my prison . " Upon this Madame Massot assured the President , that she perfectly recollected his voice . She then referred to the letters she had received demanding a thousand ounces of gold for the release of her son , but she could not send it , because her whole fortune was not equal to the amount , and all she had was settled uuon her children . Madame Massot was asked by thc Procureur-General whether hor husband had not been , at another time , arrested in a like manner , and redeemed himself from captivity by giving a large sum of money . She replied that she could not state thc fact - butM . _Villelongue knew more nbout it than she did . Madame _ll-. isso ; then

      became so faint that she was obliged to be taken out of court , M . Villelougue , being tailed , deposed that M . Massot had informed him , that about three years ago he was taken by brigands , and kept in secret confinement . They at first fixed his ransom at 60 , 000 fr ., but afterwards reduced it to 15 , 000 fr ., which sum being paid he was liberated . At the close of thc hearing , nt which the above evidence of Madame Massot aud M . _Villelongue was given , Simon , renewed his intimation to the President that he desired not to reappear in Court the next day ; but the President would not listen to his request . Th _» whole of the witnesses having been heard , the Procurcur-General addressed the court and jury , in a speech which lasted three hours , and was listened to throughout with the profoundest attention and the deepest interest .

      He concluded by calling upon the jury to deliver a verdict whicli would strike terror into these violators of humanity , _" , and deter others from committing the same atrocities . He was replied to by tivo counsel engaged for the prisoners , who argued against the jurisdiction of the court on the ground of the crimes with which their clients stood charged being committed in Spain . On the ninth and last day , the President , previous to his summing up , asked tho prisoners whether they had anything to say in their own defence . Simon said , " All I ask is death , and no other punishment ; for if France will commit an injustice , let it be complete . " Gamps , alius Saline , another , said , " You have been told that I killed a _Moussoii de la Escuada . I have killed not only one but several of them , and if I had been at the plunder of tho Diligence , I would have washed my hands in their blood . " A third , named Barlabc , alias Negret _, denied that he was

      present at the robbery of the diligence , and declared that if he had been he would have cut the throats of all the officers in it , in revenge for the death of his relations , who had been murdered by their political enemies . The rest of the prisoners said nothing , hut several of them , during the trial , had protested against the truth of the evidence given by the witnesses for tbe prosecution , affirming that they being Liberals wished to crush them ( the prisoners ) beause they were Garlists , When the President had summed up , and put the question to the jury , upon which they had to decide , M . Lafabreque , one of the counsel for ( lie prisoners , applied to the court to add to them the three following ;— " Was the robbery imputed to the prisoners committed in Spain ? Did the arrests and sequestvations ( secret confinements ) take place in Spain ? Was the murder committed in Spain !"

      The _I't-ocUREUR . _GENE'UL argued against these questions , and tbe court decided that they could not be put . The jury retired about 3 in the afternoon , and , after five hours' deliberation , returned into court and declared their verdict , upon which the court withdrew to consider its judgment . During the half-hour the court was out , the prisoners were most scandalous in their conduct . All the prisoners shouted , " Long live Don Carlos 1 " Fabregas , " May God give him health and strength to return to Spain . " Sagas , addressing with a smile the President , who remained on the bench , said , " I give you many thanks , Sir . " If these are the new laws you talk so much about , I compliment you upon them . You may call it thc _ballance of justice , but I call it the balance of hell . " Then turning to his fellow-prisoners and laughing he said , " Come , we have 40 days more which are necessary for them at Paris to muddle over our papers , and then it will be all at an end ; " at the same time drawing his

      hand _ovt-r the neck of Ieities . Three of them were roll _, iug cigars , and were taking flints , steel , and tinder frem their pockets , with the intent of lighting them , but were prevented by the gens d ' _arincs . Sagals called one of the jury by his name , and promised him tbat if he or any of his family came to Spain they might rely on being well received . This scene was put a stop to by the Court returning , and delivering thc sentences . One having been declared not guilty , was ordered to be discharged . Tujade was condemned to imprisonment for three years , and another for five years ; one to eight years , and another to ten years close confinement and the pillory ; one to ten years and one to twenty years' hard labour at tbe hulks , with the pillory ; six to hard labour at the hulks for life , on account of the jury having found that there were extenuating circumstances in their favour : and four , among whom were Simon , Sagals , and Ieazes , to death . The Court ordered that Simon and Sagals should be executed at Cerct , and the other two at Perpignan ,

      Ilaifcet Meuigence

      ilaifcet _MeUigence

      Londom Corn Exchasoe, Monbat, Aran 6.— T...

      _Londom Corn _Exchasoe , Monbat , Aran 6 . — The trade opened this morning with a moderate supply of both wheat and some sorts of spring corn , consisting of peas and oats , but the arrival of barley and beans was abundant . The millers bought the Essex wheats witli some readiness at the prices of this day week , but the Kentish supply was not so readily saleable , and some was left over undisposed of . For very _nuperfine barley the trade , \ vas about tbe sarr e as lust week , but anything under this quality was a very slow sale at ls . per quarter reduction . The demand for oats has been limited , without variation in price from this day week . Beans offering plentifully , aud the turn lower in value . Pease of all sorts are fully as good both in demand and value . Seeds have ruled steady , __ and some varieties are rather looking up in quotations , being improved in demand , with no fresh arrivals . CURRENT PRICES OF GRAIN , FLOUR , AND SEED

      IN MARK-LANE . BRITISH 611 UN . ShiUings per Quarttr , Wheat .. Essex < fc Kent , wliit _« , new .. 49 to 63 .. 57 to It Ditto , red 47 59 .. 53 6 h Suttbllc and Norfolk , red .. 47 67 white 49 iii Lincoln and York , red .. 47 57 white 49 ( 2 Nor thumb , mid Scotch . 47 60 Rye _ 22 38 BurUy .. Malting 86 84 extra 37 — Distilling 26 i ' i Grinding , 23 2 $ Malt .. Ship .. .. .. .. 53 57 Ware 59 61

      Oats .. Lincolnshire and Yorkshire , feed , 21 s Od to 2 _' _is Cd ; potato , or short , 22 s ( Id to 2 ( is ltd ; Poland , 22 s 6 d to 27 s fid ; Northumberland and Scotch , Angus , 21 s Od to 25 s _fld ; potato , 21 s Od to 25 s Od ; Irish feed , 2 os Gd to 22 s ( Jd ; black , 20 s ( id to 22 s Gd ; potato , 21 s ( id to 24 s Gd ; Gulway , « s Cd to 20 s 6 d . Beans .. Ticks , new .. .. .. 32 3 « old 38 44 Harrow , small , new .. 34 38 old 40 40 Peas .. White 37 43 boilers 40 44 Gray and hog - .. 33 86 Flour .. Norfolk and Suttblk .. 44 4 S Town-made ( per sa « k of 2801 _bs ) 4 ( J 53 _Buckwheat , or Drank .. .. .. 80 32

      jENeusn seeds , ic . Red clover ( per cwt . ) 42 to 72 White clover ( per cwt . ) 47 76 Rapeseed ( per last ) £ 26 28 Mustard seed , brown ( per bushel ) 7 s to lis ; white , 7 s to liis . Tares , ( per bushel ) , spring , 6 s . ; winter , 5 s . to _Gs . Cd . Liuseed cakes ( per 1 UUD of 31 b each ) JK 11 to £ 1 ' 2

      roEElQN GBAIN . Shillings per Quarter . Free . In Bond , Wheat .. Dantsic and _Konigsberg 63 extra 70 .. 46 — 59 Ditto ditto .. 54 — 61 „ 44 — 52 Ponieraiiian )& c . Aiil ! alt 56 — 63 .. 44 — M Danish , Holstein , < te . .. 54 — 61 .. 42 — _iij Russian , hard .. .. — Ditto , soft m ., 55 — 58 .. 39 — 48 Spanish , hard .. .. — Ditto , soft .. .. 68 — 62 .. 44 — 91 Odessa & _Taganrog _^ ard — Ditto , soft ., ., 53 — 68 .. 39 — 48 Canadian , hard „ ,. — Ditto fine .. .. 58 — 60 Rye . llussian , Prussian , & c . —

      _liarls ,. Grinding 23 - 26 Ditto , distilling .. .. 36 — 3 D .. 18 — 26 Oats .. Dutch , feed .. .. 22 - 25 Ditto , brew and thick .. 25 - 27 .. 20 - 51 Russian 24 — 26 .. 19 — - . ' 0 Danish & Mecklenburg 24 - 20 .. 18 - 21 Beans .. Ticks , 33 to 38 , small .. 30 - 40 .. 28 - 38 Egyptian 33 — 35 .. 28 — 80 Peas .. White , 32 to 43 , gray .. 33 — 3 G Flour ,. Dantsic and Hamburgh ( per barrel ) , line 30 32 , superfine .. .. 32 — 34 .. 22 - 28 Canada , 30 tu 33 , United States 32 — 35 „ 36 - 28 _Buikwheat .. 30 - 3- ' .. 24 - 28

      Robelqn Seeds, &C. Per Quarter. Linseed ...

      _roBElQN SEEDS , & C . Per Quarter . Linseed .. Petcrsburgh and Riga ( free of duty ) .. 42 te 45 Archangel , 40 to 45 , Mcmel and Konigsberg 38 40 Mediterranean , 40 to 48 , Odessa ., 42 44 Rapeseed ( free of duty ) per last .. ,. £ 24 26 Ked Clover ( 16 s per cwt . and 5 per cent , on the duty ) 42 64 White ditto 47 7 # Tares , small spring ( free of duty ) 40 to 44 . large .. 44 So Linseed cake ( free of duty ) , Dutch , £ 6 10 s , £ 7 . French , per ton .. £ 7 0 _. S 7 10 Rape cakes ( _frect of duty ) .. .. ' .. .. £ 5 10 £ 5 li and 5 per cent , ou th < duty .

      Average Prices Of The Last Six Weeks, Wh...

      AVERAGE PRICES Of the last six weeks , which regulate the Duties from th * 2 nd to the 8 th of April .

      Wheat Barley \ Oats ,. Rye . , Beans Peat . ~~~ , _,. I s . d . s . d . s . d . _( _s . d . g . d . s . i _. Week _ending ! Feb . 21 , 1840 .. 65 0 29 11 21 6 J 32 10 34 9 34 3 Week eliding ! 1 Feb . J 8 , 1810 .. j 54 6 29 7 21 5 S 3 4 84 2 35 2 Week ending ] Mar . 7 , 1846 .. 54 10 29 3 21 10 33 6 34 11 ti 8 Week ending ' Mar . 14 , 2846 .. 54 3 29 4 21 9 34 2 35 2 U 9 Week ending Mar . 21 , 1846 .. ( 55 1 29 10 22 0 3 S 10 34 4 31 4 Week ending ' Mir . 2 S , 1816 .. 55 5 30 2 22 1 34 0 85 0 S 3 3

      Aggregate aver- ) age of the last six weeks .. 54 10 29 S 21 9 33 7 34 9 34 1 London averages ( endingl Mar . 31 , jl 846 ) j 00 2 82 23 6 35 5 33 10 S 3 0 Duties .. .. I 18 0 9 t 6 0 , 9 6 8 6 8 S

      Sm1tiifield Cattle Market. Arnil 0.—The ...

      SM 1 TIIFIELD CATTLE MARKET . _ArniL 0 . —The arrivals of cattle from the continent , free of duty , into the port of London during the past week have conprised of CO oxen , 131 cows , 4 calveB , 436 sheep , and 1 Iamb . The following statements of the imports of foreign cattle into England , during the present year , is taken from an official source , cor . rtcted up to last Saturday week : — Oxen and From Jan 1 to Mar 28 , 184 C . Cons . Sheep . Pigs . London 2 , 801 .. 0 , 677 .. 114 Liverpool 2 .. — .. — Hull 627 .. 141 .. 39 Southampton 4 .. — ,. - Total .. .. 3 , W 4 ( - , 118 153 The change in the tone of trade of last Monday was fully supported this morning as well as upon Friday last , and is fully corroborative of previous remarks under this head , that just prior to tho lamb trade _conimenciug an alteration would occur as well in the range of prices as in the general increase of the supplies . From 11 , 000 head o f sheep , which has been thc average number brought to market for _montha past , the supply has increased both last week and this to upwards of 20 , 000 . Fortunately for the graziers the last season has been a prolific one for feed of every kind . Grass , turnips , & c , have been in abundance , und of the finest quality . The termination of winter , and the present favourable

      prospects ofa good season , give hopes ofa more mutually prosperous business to feeders , butchers , die ., and an advantage to the consumer . The general trade this morning was dull , in part accountable to the state of the weather , and to the increase in the supply of sheep : but the high price of all kinds of provisions iu the retail market has a material influence , _being productive of a decreasing demand . The attendance of butchers was an indifferent one , and purchasers were very slack in their bids . Prices did not vary much from last Monday , but the decline which took place on that day was fully supported . The number

      of beasts on sale was 2 , 650 , of generally fine quality , but did not all meet with purchasers at rates ranging from 3 s . to 4 s . 2 d . per stone . -Tho supply of sheep consisted of 20 , 500 head , a portion of which remained on hand at the close of the market . Foiled sheep made a shade more money in some instances , but the general range of prices was the same as on Monday last , Polled ewes went at -Is-, half-breds at 4 s . 10 d ., and Downs at os . 2 d . per stone . The better quality of veal was 2 d . per stone cheaper , but inferior kinds unaltered . The coarse quality of pork realised 4 s . 6 d ., being 2 d . higher than on this day se ' nnight , but young porkers were 2 d . lower in price .

      By the quantities of 81 b „ sinking th _« offal , s , d , s . d Inferior coarse beasts . . ¦ 2 lo 8 0 Prims large oxen . . > 3 ( 4 6 Prime Scots , Jse 4 3 4 6 Coarse inferior sheep . . > 3 10 4 i Second quality .... 4 6 1 8 Prime Southdown , . , 5 2 5 t Large coarse calves .... 4 4 4 H Prime small . . . . . 6 2 5 6 Suckling calves , each . . . 18 6 81 0 Large hogs 1 10 4 & Neat small porkers ... 4 6 S 6 Quarter-old store pigs , each . 16 8 32

      HEAD OF _CATTIA OK I ALL ( From the Books of the Clerk of the Market . ) Beasts , 2 _, 648-Sheep _, 20 , 500-Calvw , _78-Pigs , 440

      PROVINCIAL CORN MARKETS . Richmond ( _Yorkshirb ) , Saiurdat , April 4 . * - > We had a large supply of ail kinds oi { rain in oui market _to-dav . Wheat sold from 5 s . ( id . to 8 s . 6 d . oats , 3 s . 0 d . ' U is . Od . ; barley , 3 s . 0 d . to is . 3 d . ; beans , -it . Od . to Os . 3 d ., per bushel . Manchester Corx Market , Saturday . —Throughout the week thc trade has been generally of an inactive character ; but in the value of flour ( except of low and inferior descriptions , for which in the absence of all inquiry for such , holders would willingly have accepted some abatement-. to effect sales ) , no material alteration in prices can be noted . In oats

      or oatmeal there was but little passing at the previous currency . At our market this morning the transactions in wheat were on a very -limited scale , the best runs being obtainable at a decline of Id . to 2 d . per TOlb ., and other sorts at even a greater reduction . Frime qualities of flour sold slowly at the currency of this day se ' ennight , whilst unknown marks , of inferior or doubtful quality , were altogether neglected , and their value nominal . There was a moderate demand for oats , and no change ia price was observable . Choice cuts of oatmeal , being scarce , sold readily at fully late . rates , but feeding descriptions moved off sparingly on rather easier terms .

      Liverpool Corn Market , Monday , April 6 . —The week's import of flour from Ireland is to a fair amount , but of other articles from thence the quantities are rather limited . From abroad the arrivals comprise several cargoes of Indian corn , wheat , barley , and beans . With the exception of old wheat , for which we continue to experience a good sale to country millers , at full prices , the demand for new wheat and any other articles of the corn trade has been very limited during the past week . Prices have not undergone any particular change since last Tuesday . Indian corn , duty paid , in fair request , but there has been little of good quality offering , most holders preferring to sell in bond . The only transaction reported under bond , is the sale of a cargo of American wheat , by auction , last Friday , at Gs . Cd , per 70 lbs . Western canal flour is held at late rates .

      Wakefield Corn Market , Friday . — We have _i good arrivals of all grain to this market . There was i a fair attendance of buyers to-day . The bulk of our r samples , wheat , were of common qualities , and such , 1 , sold at a decline of ls . per quarter ; and tbe best ' samples were rather worse to sell . Fine barley main- ¦ tained its price , other descriptions rather lower . In 1 beans no alteration . Oats and shelling each fully as 1 high . Malt firm and in good request .

      State Of Trade. Provincial Markets. Leed...

      STATE OF TRADE . PROVINCIAL MARKETS . Leeds . —We scarcely ever witnessed less business s done at our cloth-hall than was the case both on a Saturday and Tuesday . There waa a complete ab- >• sence of speculation , the merchants confining _them-1-selves to purchasing only to order ; prices continue ic much the same as for some time past , and the stocks is in the manufacturers' hands are very small for thene season , and no disposition is evinced to increase them . n . In the warehouses business lias been very dull duringng

      the week , and the few buyers who visit the market et purchase with greater caution , and in much _lesssss quantities than they have Hsually done at this season . tn . On the whole , the spring trade this year is dullerler hitherto than it has been for several years past . —« , —« Leeds Mercury , Halifax , — We much regret our inability to to _> give any better accounts of this market than whatiati has been recorded throughout the present month _. th _,, Prospects for the future too , are gloomy and uncersertain .

      _Bahssli-y . —The trade of this town is consideredredl dull at present :. iu faucy drills the summer _orderrieH : being nearly completed , it is generally flat at thishhs period , but the other branches of the linen trade ex-experience more than ordinary depression at this _timameofthe year . Rochdale Flannel Market , March 30 . —Th < Th « merchants have bought more freely to-day , but th ( th « manufactures have not been able to get any advanc & ne « for their goods . The wool market has undergon _^ _ond little or no change for some weeks past . Heckmondwike Blanket Market , _Amil 2 .-2 . — There was a little more business doing this weeheelfc than last ; a lew orders were put out for the shiphipi ping trade . There was no alteration in prices excepcepi samples on hand , which might be bought a _shadoadii lower .

      Nottingham . —Thc condition of the wrought cot-cotton-hose branch is said , bv some persons well _converter sant with thc matter , to lie a shade better . The finefineu kind of cotton iiosc , that is , above forty-gauge , _bavhavii been for a long time on thedeoline ; and extrem ( em « fine hose _' above fifty-gauge , are even in a worse BtaMtatt than others . The cut up branch has unproved ; mostaostl of the frames are employed . Tho drawer branch ish ns considered by some to be a shade better , ihe glov _^ lov « and net wade , whether plain silk , cotton , or _warp-arn . net , is still pretty good , especially the two latter . - _^—

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 11, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_11041846/page/7/